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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,319 --> 00:00:10,019 an old man goes every day to pray to a 2 00:00:10,019 --> 00:00:12,960 church in the Spanish city of casares to 3 00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:17,780 pray for Irishmen who died 40 years ago 4 00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:29,160 a flag flutters over the barrel Valley 5 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:31,619 and another old man in the uniform of 6 00:00:31,619 --> 00:00:33,600 the Irish Brigade of the Spanish Foreign 7 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,300 Legion hoists the flag of Spain and 8 00:00:36,300 --> 00:00:39,000 remembers a war in another Valley a 9 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:44,000 thousand miles away and 40 years ago 10 00:01:01,660 --> 00:01:06,110 [Applause] 11 00:01:08,180 --> 00:01:11,580 every bullet that I would fire would be 12 00:01:11,580 --> 00:01:13,380 a bullet against the Dublin Captain's 13 00:01:13,380 --> 00:01:15,180 class and the 14 00:01:15,180 --> 00:01:17,220 slum landlords 15 00:01:17,220 --> 00:01:19,020 when I bear them not the slightest 16 00:01:19,020 --> 00:01:21,600 animosity but I still cannot find out 17 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:23,159 how there could have a legitimate reason 18 00:01:23,159 --> 00:01:26,040 for choosing Moscow as their Master when 19 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:28,979 I selected Rome as mine well yes please 20 00:01:28,979 --> 00:01:30,600 remember ambition for Sharp churches 21 00:01:30,600 --> 00:01:32,159 were burdened but this happened on both 22 00:01:32,159 --> 00:01:34,439 sides yes of course such a sand of 23 00:01:34,439 --> 00:01:37,259 course from that point of view to a 24 00:01:37,259 --> 00:01:38,520 field that there was a couple of 25 00:01:38,520 --> 00:01:42,000 hundreds of them there but uh Diana was 26 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:43,560 on our side I think that we were 27 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:45,299 fighting for Christianity and they were 28 00:01:45,299 --> 00:01:46,560 fighting for the this is for the 29 00:01:46,560 --> 00:01:49,259 disestablishment of the Catholic Church 30 00:01:49,259 --> 00:01:51,720 that when you walked into this war it 31 00:01:51,720 --> 00:01:55,200 was not a little war it was a it was a 32 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:59,240 big war being fought in a big way 33 00:02:01,610 --> 00:02:04,810 [Music] 34 00:02:04,860 --> 00:02:07,140 up and an island to the Spanish Civil 35 00:02:07,140 --> 00:02:09,119 War was a war of fierce passions 36 00:02:09,119 --> 00:02:11,400 democracy was under attack by a 37 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:13,500 rebellious Army aided by the fascist 38 00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:16,319 powers or the church was being crushed 39 00:02:16,319 --> 00:02:18,900 by the forces of antichrist between 40 00:02:18,900 --> 00:02:20,819 these two ideologies there were a 41 00:02:20,819 --> 00:02:23,040 thousand shades of black and white and 42 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:25,260 gray and red 43 00:02:25,260 --> 00:02:28,319 an Irishman fought and died on both 44 00:02:28,319 --> 00:02:30,900 sides in Spain 45 00:02:30,900 --> 00:02:33,239 an Olive Grove in the harama valley 46 00:02:33,239 --> 00:02:36,720 south of Madrid nearly 40 years ago two 47 00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:39,360 great armies fought over this ground and 48 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:41,340 in 10 days of vicious and bloody 49 00:02:41,340 --> 00:02:43,080 fighting 45 50 00:02:43,080 --> 00:02:45,840 000 of them were killed including 22 51 00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:47,940 Irishmen one of them was Charlie 52 00:02:47,940 --> 00:02:51,660 Donnelly the young Arma poet he and the 53 00:02:51,660 --> 00:02:53,819 section had Run for Cover into an Olive 54 00:02:53,819 --> 00:02:57,300 Grove and Donnelly bent down and picked 55 00:02:57,300 --> 00:02:59,400 up a bunch of Olives he squeezed them 56 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:03,060 and said even the olives are bleeding a 57 00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:05,220 minute later a bullet hit him in the 58 00:03:05,220 --> 00:03:08,099 head and he's buried now beneath those 59 00:03:08,099 --> 00:03:10,879 olive trees 60 00:03:15,330 --> 00:03:18,389 [Music] 61 00:03:22,070 --> 00:03:30,629 [Music] 62 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:34,319 the 30s were the years of the blue 63 00:03:34,319 --> 00:03:35,940 shirts in Ireland and they brought in 64 00:03:35,940 --> 00:03:37,739 their Trail bitterness and strife and 65 00:03:37,739 --> 00:03:39,420 bloody street battles in Dublin and 66 00:03:39,420 --> 00:03:42,180 elsewhere their Origins were in the Army 67 00:03:42,180 --> 00:03:44,519 comrades Association later to become the 68 00:03:44,519 --> 00:03:47,760 National Guard founded in 1932 by former 69 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:49,920 free state army men most of them Civil 70 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:51,239 War veterans 71 00:03:51,239 --> 00:03:54,480 by 1933 the association's membership and 72 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:56,400 influence had spread throughout Ireland 73 00:03:56,400 --> 00:03:58,260 and they had adopted the blue shirt 74 00:03:58,260 --> 00:04:00,920 uniform 75 00:04:02,040 --> 00:04:04,799 in the 1933 elections the blue shirts 76 00:04:04,799 --> 00:04:06,599 were the self-appointed Guardians of the 77 00:04:06,599 --> 00:04:09,000 coming ale meetings and at many they 78 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:11,519 left broken heads behind them they 79 00:04:11,519 --> 00:04:13,680 marched as soldiers and their declared 80 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:15,900 enemies were Republicans who their 81 00:04:15,900 --> 00:04:18,779 leaders proclaimed were Communists they 82 00:04:18,779 --> 00:04:21,180 saw Reds round every corner and indeed 83 00:04:21,180 --> 00:04:23,340 they were encouraged in this Hysteria by 84 00:04:23,340 --> 00:04:25,440 the pastors of many a bishop and the 85 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:28,620 preaching of many a parish priest 86 00:04:28,620 --> 00:04:31,800 the friends of Ireland Will Rejoice with 87 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:33,300 us it was a Witch Hunt which was 88 00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:35,639 condemned by Eamon de Valera and his new 89 00:04:35,639 --> 00:04:38,540 Fiona fall government 90 00:04:39,120 --> 00:04:41,880 and in 1933 the blue shirts got a new 91 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,300 leader 92 00:04:51,419 --> 00:04:53,820 and I must be very careful that I'm not 93 00:04:53,820 --> 00:04:56,520 taken up by some no consecutive here in 94 00:04:56,520 --> 00:05:00,080 the fall for contempt the court 95 00:05:01,259 --> 00:05:04,500 in the last General Ono Duffy a former 96 00:05:04,500 --> 00:05:06,479 deputy chief of staff of the Free State 97 00:05:06,479 --> 00:05:08,699 Army and for 10 years commissioner of 98 00:05:08,699 --> 00:05:10,919 the gardenia Corner Huntley was sacked 99 00:05:10,919 --> 00:05:13,199 by divalera in 1932 100 00:05:13,199 --> 00:05:16,560 Destinies of your country Duffy was a 101 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:18,000 man of action with the Flair for 102 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:20,040 publicity and some organizational 103 00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:22,800 ability he had molded the Civic guard 104 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:24,780 into an instrument of government and had 105 00:05:24,780 --> 00:05:27,060 helped organize the Eucharistic Congress 106 00:05:27,060 --> 00:05:30,300 in 1932. 107 00:05:33,180 --> 00:05:34,979 go over the leadership of the blue 108 00:05:34,979 --> 00:05:37,500 shirts with their new constitution full 109 00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:40,380 of pietistic zeal and newly opened not 110 00:05:40,380 --> 00:05:42,840 just to ex-soldiers but to all Irish 111 00:05:42,840 --> 00:05:45,840 Christians within weeks o'duffy was 112 00:05:45,840 --> 00:05:47,699 virtually the leader of the opposition 113 00:05:47,699 --> 00:05:51,000 to Fina fall and devalera banned the 114 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:53,460 blue shirts the National Guard is 115 00:05:53,460 --> 00:05:55,080 strongly opposed to anything flavoring 116 00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:57,120 of a dictatorship they lasted until 117 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,479 early 1936 under a variety of names but 118 00:06:00,479 --> 00:06:03,960 their power was really broken in 1934 by 119 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:06,180 internal dissensions caused mainly by 120 00:06:06,180 --> 00:06:08,100 oduffy's personality and lack of 121 00:06:08,100 --> 00:06:10,800 political experience by the finafold ban 122 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:14,100 and possibly by losing Street battles to 123 00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:16,199 support the National Guard in reaching 124 00:06:16,199 --> 00:06:17,820 the goal of Griffith Collins and 125 00:06:17,820 --> 00:06:20,100 o'higans 126 00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:22,319 Duffy went around Europe attending 127 00:06:22,319 --> 00:06:24,840 fascist congresses and dreaming of the 128 00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:27,720 ideal of the corporate State until he 129 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:30,840 got the call in 1936 to form an Irish 130 00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:32,819 Brigade to fight for Franco in the 131 00:06:32,819 --> 00:06:35,220 Spanish Civil War which began in July of 132 00:06:35,220 --> 00:06:37,699 that year 133 00:06:37,979 --> 00:06:40,620 it was an invitation which appealed to 134 00:06:40,620 --> 00:06:42,300 everything that was romantic and 135 00:06:42,300 --> 00:06:44,280 crusading you know Duffy's Restless 136 00:06:44,280 --> 00:06:46,759 nature 137 00:06:50,340 --> 00:06:52,860 the war in Spain was begun by an army 138 00:06:52,860 --> 00:06:55,740 Revolt led by General Franco against the 139 00:06:55,740 --> 00:06:57,840 left-wing popular front government which 140 00:06:57,840 --> 00:07:00,780 won the 1936 general election since 141 00:07:00,780 --> 00:07:02,580 February of that year there had been 142 00:07:02,580 --> 00:07:04,500 riots and church burnings and 143 00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:07,080 assassinations and the forces of left 144 00:07:07,080 --> 00:07:09,900 and right were gathering strength on the 145 00:07:09,900 --> 00:07:12,240 right the Stanley authoritarian 146 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:14,819 combination of church and Army and the 147 00:07:14,819 --> 00:07:18,120 falange the Spanish fascist party on the 148 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:20,460 left the legally and democratically 149 00:07:20,460 --> 00:07:22,800 elected popular front socialists 150 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:25,440 liberals Communists trade unionists 151 00:07:25,440 --> 00:07:28,340 anarchists 152 00:07:28,699 --> 00:07:31,500 in mid-july Franco and his Moorish 153 00:07:31,500 --> 00:07:33,780 troops were invading Spain from North 154 00:07:33,780 --> 00:07:35,759 Africa and Military governors in 155 00:07:35,759 --> 00:07:37,800 different parts of Spain declared for 156 00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:39,840 one side or the other the bulk of them 157 00:07:39,840 --> 00:07:41,940 joining the forces of rebellion 158 00:07:41,940 --> 00:07:46,259 three years of cruel War had begun 159 00:07:46,259 --> 00:07:47,759 foreign 160 00:07:47,759 --> 00:07:50,520 it was a war which was to involve most 161 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:52,680 European nations a war which for the 162 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:54,960 first time was to see the use of air 163 00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:57,599 power against military and civilians it 164 00:07:57,599 --> 00:08:00,180 is to be a war of incredible bitterness 165 00:08:00,180 --> 00:08:02,280 of appalling acts and viciousness on 166 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:05,639 both sides a war of great heroics and 167 00:08:05,639 --> 00:08:06,660 idealism 168 00:08:06,660 --> 00:08:08,639 it was a war which was to illustrate 169 00:08:08,639 --> 00:08:11,940 once more the Furia Espanola that 170 00:08:11,940 --> 00:08:14,280 cruelty in the Spanish nature as old 171 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:17,479 scores were fearsomely settled 172 00:08:17,479 --> 00:08:20,699 it was a war which lasted until March 173 00:08:20,699 --> 00:08:24,240 1939 and the fall of Madrid 174 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:27,120 for Franco generalissimon head of state 175 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:29,819 Victory without generosity and a 176 00:08:29,819 --> 00:08:32,700 terrible Revenge thousands were executed 177 00:08:32,700 --> 00:08:37,700 a million were exiled or imprisoned 178 00:08:38,279 --> 00:08:41,520 but in 1936 Irishmen were preparing to 179 00:08:41,520 --> 00:08:43,620 go to Spain some to join o'duffy's 180 00:08:43,620 --> 00:08:45,720 Brigade and fight for Franco others to 181 00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:47,760 join the international Brigade and fight 182 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:50,459 for the Republic Terry Flanagan former 183 00:08:50,459 --> 00:08:53,820 Bakery worker wounded near Madrid 1937. 184 00:08:53,820 --> 00:08:58,080 today a public relations man in 1936 a 185 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:00,660 member of Sir era we had been reading 186 00:09:00,660 --> 00:09:02,640 for a couple of months before I went out 187 00:09:02,640 --> 00:09:05,640 there of this Democratic Republic being 188 00:09:05,640 --> 00:09:08,459 assailed on all sides by Hitler and 189 00:09:08,459 --> 00:09:10,440 Mussolini and Franco 190 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:13,260 and being a Republican 191 00:09:13,260 --> 00:09:15,360 I thought it'd be a Dreadful thing that 192 00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:18,420 if this Republic went down without me 193 00:09:18,420 --> 00:09:23,779 giving one helping hand to save her 194 00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:29,279 Joe monks Dubliner now working in London 195 00:09:29,279 --> 00:09:33,420 wounded at lepera December 1936 a former 196 00:09:33,420 --> 00:09:35,700 member of the Communist Party those of 197 00:09:35,700 --> 00:09:36,779 us who had 198 00:09:36,779 --> 00:09:39,660 come to the 30s and unemployment and so 199 00:09:39,660 --> 00:09:43,500 forth I knew they want 200 00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:46,140 that came in the wake of the great stump 201 00:09:46,140 --> 00:09:49,440 in 1929 were very 202 00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:51,360 enthusiastic 203 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:54,240 I'd seen the working class as the ruling 204 00:09:54,240 --> 00:09:58,740 class inside the Western European state 205 00:09:58,740 --> 00:10:00,540 Frank Edwards a school teacher from 206 00:10:00,540 --> 00:10:02,339 Waterford one of the first to go to 207 00:10:02,339 --> 00:10:04,620 Spain with Frank Ryan wounded at Las 208 00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:07,440 Rosas not far from Madrid a member of 209 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:09,360 the Republican Congress 210 00:10:09,360 --> 00:10:11,040 here were 211 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:15,180 Duffy's of his swashbucklers going after 212 00:10:15,180 --> 00:10:18,420 going after Spain to to fight prices and 213 00:10:18,420 --> 00:10:21,180 we felt that was the only way to the 214 00:10:21,180 --> 00:10:22,620 only place to fight him was there since 215 00:10:22,620 --> 00:10:24,480 it's impossible to do anything we felt 216 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:28,080 come completely frustrated and of no 217 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:30,420 hope of mounting any kind of resistance 218 00:10:30,420 --> 00:10:36,140 to this overwhelming wave of fascism 219 00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:39,920 foreign 220 00:10:39,920 --> 00:10:42,600 Dubliner now a shop steward in London 221 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:44,760 captured on the Arrogant front with 222 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:50,040 Frank Ryan 1938. I thought that uh 223 00:10:50,040 --> 00:10:52,500 with a struggle going on there and the 224 00:10:52,500 --> 00:10:55,440 support of the Martin Murphy press who 225 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:57,360 owned the Press of course and of course 226 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:00,000 the Dublin tramways at the time that 227 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,640 these were heavily on the side of the 228 00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:07,019 Franco of the generals in Spain right 229 00:11:07,019 --> 00:11:09,540 from the beginning Alec Diggs Dublin are 230 00:11:09,540 --> 00:11:11,579 now living in London former Secretary of 231 00:11:11,579 --> 00:11:13,140 the international Brigade Association 232 00:11:13,140 --> 00:11:15,120 went on to fight the Germans in the 233 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:18,300 second world war and lost a leg we went 234 00:11:18,300 --> 00:11:21,180 there rather failing to be quite honest 235 00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:23,760 it was a bit of a suicide mission but 236 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:25,019 uh 237 00:11:25,019 --> 00:11:28,680 well we were young and idealistic I 238 00:11:28,680 --> 00:11:30,660 don't mean on a blue-eyed sense but for 239 00:11:30,660 --> 00:11:33,180 in the good sense of the word 240 00:11:33,180 --> 00:11:35,160 and so it seemed the logical thing to do 241 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:37,500 so we went 242 00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:39,839 Michael o'riordan General Secretary of 243 00:11:39,839 --> 00:11:42,000 the Communist Party of Ireland wounded 244 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:45,000 on the abro 1938 has written a history 245 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:46,380 of the Irish in the international 246 00:11:46,380 --> 00:11:48,959 Brigade 247 00:11:48,959 --> 00:11:51,420 I decided to go to Spain because I saw 248 00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:53,040 the Spanish table as a continuation with 249 00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:54,360 struggle here and I saw it as a 250 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,660 universal struggle in the waters of one 251 00:11:57,660 --> 00:11:59,700 of the champions of Republican Spain I'm 252 00:11:59,700 --> 00:12:01,740 quoting a priest now for a change uh 253 00:12:01,740 --> 00:12:03,720 Father Michael of Flanagan uh that it 254 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:08,120 was a war of the rich against the poor 255 00:12:08,220 --> 00:12:10,680 and therefore one's duty was to assist 256 00:12:10,680 --> 00:12:13,620 the poor since they were receiving no 257 00:12:13,620 --> 00:12:16,519 assistance from anybody 258 00:12:17,420 --> 00:12:20,399 patio dare Donegal man and Battalion 259 00:12:20,399 --> 00:12:21,899 Commander with the international Brigade 260 00:12:21,899 --> 00:12:24,959 now living in Wales spent two years in 261 00:12:24,959 --> 00:12:27,500 Spain both all causes a worldwide anyway 262 00:12:27,500 --> 00:12:32,760 freedom is indivisible isn't it and if 263 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,700 if a man fights for freedom in in one 264 00:12:35,700 --> 00:12:38,760 place he's fine but everywhere 265 00:12:38,760 --> 00:12:40,860 oh Duffy's man quite obviously had 266 00:12:40,860 --> 00:12:42,839 different motives as strong indeed as 267 00:12:42,839 --> 00:12:44,579 many of the Republicans some went to 268 00:12:44,579 --> 00:12:46,500 fight against communism others from a 269 00:12:46,500 --> 00:12:48,480 sense of adventure there were men like 270 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:50,820 George Timlin now a Dublin Jeweler an 271 00:12:50,820 --> 00:12:53,100 NCO in the Irish Army a lieutenant with 272 00:12:53,100 --> 00:12:55,440 the Spanish Bandera LED his man over the 273 00:12:55,440 --> 00:12:58,279 top at siempasuelas why did he go 274 00:12:58,279 --> 00:13:00,779 spiritual Adventure 275 00:13:00,779 --> 00:13:03,120 and to oblige a friend who was the 276 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:04,920 friend 277 00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:06,839 well how were you obliging him in what 278 00:13:06,839 --> 00:13:09,240 way he asked me would I like to go 279 00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:10,800 and I thought he would be pleased to 280 00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:12,300 have me otherwise he wouldn't have asked 281 00:13:12,300 --> 00:13:13,320 me 282 00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:16,920 messages yet you of course were a former 283 00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:20,639 soldier in the Army here I was yes 284 00:13:20,639 --> 00:13:22,500 so you felt that you would like to get 285 00:13:22,500 --> 00:13:24,240 out and do some fighting in Spain the 286 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,480 very thing were you therefore like some 287 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:29,639 of the others imbued as it were with the 288 00:13:29,639 --> 00:13:31,380 spirit of Christ and fighting for 289 00:13:31,380 --> 00:13:33,060 Christianity did you did you have this 290 00:13:33,060 --> 00:13:34,380 feeling 291 00:13:34,380 --> 00:13:36,660 and not really at the commencement 292 00:13:36,660 --> 00:13:41,839 although such a spirit was encouraged 293 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:44,399 Captain party Quinn veteran fighter of 294 00:13:44,399 --> 00:13:46,019 the war of independence and the Civil 295 00:13:46,019 --> 00:13:47,880 War now living in retirement in County 296 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:51,680 Kilkenny communism was 297 00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:54,120 running right through the country and 298 00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:56,820 had to capture the greater part of Spain 299 00:13:56,820 --> 00:13:58,680 at the time 300 00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:03,240 when General Adolphus and daughters 301 00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:06,180 it appeared before volunteers there were 302 00:14:06,180 --> 00:14:08,420 some 303 00:14:08,940 --> 00:14:12,180 a couple of well-known Bishops at the 304 00:14:12,180 --> 00:14:13,440 time I suppose all the Bishops I 305 00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:14,579 wouldn't know him but there's a couple 306 00:14:14,579 --> 00:14:17,160 of Bishops anyway that 307 00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:20,339 um encouraged him not Doolan today a 308 00:14:20,339 --> 00:14:22,019 sales representative in his native pork 309 00:14:22,019 --> 00:14:25,200 in 1936 a Corporal with oduffy's Brigade 310 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:28,019 in Spain I'm a great believer in the 311 00:14:28,019 --> 00:14:30,480 freedom of all religions and all on 312 00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:32,339 political expression but you considered 313 00:14:32,339 --> 00:14:33,839 yourself then and you obviously do now 314 00:14:33,839 --> 00:14:37,680 as a a very good Catholic I presume the 315 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:39,300 sound let her say sound the sound 316 00:14:39,300 --> 00:14:40,860 Christian basically a sound Christian 317 00:14:40,860 --> 00:14:42,959 yeah well it wasn't Catholic all right 318 00:14:42,959 --> 00:14:45,120 was it Christianity or Catholicism that 319 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,100 brought you to Spain Christianity 320 00:14:47,100 --> 00:14:48,779 what were the motives then that you do 321 00:14:48,779 --> 00:14:50,399 you think that that brought most of the 322 00:14:50,399 --> 00:14:52,199 Brigade out well was it again a spirit 323 00:14:52,199 --> 00:14:55,079 of Adventure uh mainly a spirit of 324 00:14:55,079 --> 00:14:57,120 Adventure as well as 325 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,120 a mild host area in the sense that they 326 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,540 listened to propaganda 327 00:15:03,540 --> 00:15:05,579 and it's very easy to become full of 328 00:15:05,579 --> 00:15:07,440 propaganda when you hear it and believe 329 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,720 it even though it may not be altogether 330 00:15:09,720 --> 00:15:12,300 true in fact was it altogether true do 331 00:15:12,300 --> 00:15:14,459 you think it was 332 00:15:14,459 --> 00:15:16,220 mainly true 333 00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:18,240 unfortunately those that were not 334 00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:20,639 idealistic to go to mile more 335 00:15:20,639 --> 00:15:21,959 prominently than those who were 336 00:15:21,959 --> 00:15:24,839 idealists and it's about 20 percent of 337 00:15:24,839 --> 00:15:26,399 the legend out there went for various 338 00:15:26,399 --> 00:15:28,500 motives and it was quite obvious in 339 00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:30,000 their behavior they took very little 340 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,459 interest in any idealism they went for 341 00:15:32,459 --> 00:15:33,779 various reasons some had different 342 00:15:33,779 --> 00:15:35,880 politics and had no Politics on her 343 00:15:35,880 --> 00:15:37,740 religion some had no religion they went 344 00:15:37,740 --> 00:15:39,180 out to material reasons and for 345 00:15:39,180 --> 00:15:41,699 excitement addition dependent 26th of 346 00:15:41,699 --> 00:15:45,180 October 1936. Ireland declares war on 347 00:15:45,180 --> 00:15:48,060 communism huge Dublin Duffy's recruiting 348 00:15:48,060 --> 00:15:49,980 campaign had the backing of the church 349 00:15:49,980 --> 00:15:52,620 and of the Irish independent although it 350 00:15:52,620 --> 00:15:55,079 had to be organized secretly oduffy's 351 00:15:55,079 --> 00:15:57,000 comings and goings to Spain were well 352 00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,699 publicized as were his appeals for Aid 353 00:15:59,699 --> 00:16:02,519 and for prayers money poured into the 354 00:16:02,519 --> 00:16:04,860 Enterprise as Catholic Ireland worked 355 00:16:04,860 --> 00:16:07,500 itself into a religious favor and oduffy 356 00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:09,779 had no difficulty in recruiting 700 men 357 00:16:09,779 --> 00:16:11,639 for his Brigade 358 00:16:11,639 --> 00:16:14,760 the blue ships were the Irish fascists I 359 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:16,139 know some people say they weren't in 360 00:16:16,139 --> 00:16:19,459 fascists but I remember actually in 1934 361 00:16:19,459 --> 00:16:22,139 the recorded statement of the Johnny 362 00:16:22,139 --> 00:16:23,519 Costello 363 00:16:23,519 --> 00:16:25,620 no you know he became better on the 364 00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:28,199 tissue or the interpathy government and 365 00:16:28,199 --> 00:16:30,660 I quite vividly remember the rewards you 366 00:16:30,660 --> 00:16:32,760 said that the blue shots the black shots 367 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:35,820 are triumphed literally the brown shots 368 00:16:35,820 --> 00:16:38,399 at Triumph in Germany and so assuredly 369 00:16:38,399 --> 00:16:40,920 were the blue shirts trying to man but 370 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:42,899 not all of them were fascists or even 371 00:16:42,899 --> 00:16:45,120 blue shirts though some who sailed 372 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:47,519 without Duffy were no doubt imbued with 373 00:16:47,519 --> 00:16:51,680 the barren ideals of fascism 374 00:16:53,220 --> 00:16:55,680 getting them out to Spain however was a 375 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:57,480 chaotic business but eventually after 376 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,540 many a misadventure the Bandera elandeza 377 00:17:00,540 --> 00:17:02,639 set out for Lisbon all route for Spain 378 00:17:02,639 --> 00:17:04,930 and a six-month tour of service 379 00:17:04,930 --> 00:17:13,049 [Music] 380 00:17:13,980 --> 00:17:16,500 Irishmen had taken Pat in the Crusades 381 00:17:16,500 --> 00:17:19,020 of other days and Irish Legion of today 382 00:17:19,020 --> 00:17:21,780 will please God lead in the match on 383 00:17:21,780 --> 00:17:24,119 Barcelona to the strains of the Faith of 384 00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:26,339 Our Fathers and placed the Cross of 385 00:17:26,339 --> 00:17:28,079 Christ the King High over that City 386 00:17:28,079 --> 00:17:30,540 where every priest has been slain 387 00:17:30,540 --> 00:17:34,580 where every church is in a shambles 388 00:17:37,170 --> 00:17:38,580 [Music] 389 00:17:38,580 --> 00:17:39,510 okay 390 00:17:39,510 --> 00:17:42,859 [Music] 391 00:18:02,060 --> 00:18:05,260 [Music] 392 00:18:07,260 --> 00:18:09,600 at Lisbon we found old Irish in the city 393 00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:12,299 and many Portuguese had assembled led by 394 00:18:12,299 --> 00:18:14,160 the Dominican father from Corpus Santo 395 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:17,480 father Paulo Sullivan 396 00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:22,170 [Music] 397 00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:28,320 life 398 00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:37,630 [Music] 399 00:18:37,980 --> 00:18:40,500 and they saw the relic of the skulliffs 400 00:18:40,500 --> 00:18:43,559 and Bridget left in Lisbon in 1283 by 401 00:18:43,559 --> 00:18:47,539 Crusaders on their way to the Holy Land 402 00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:49,810 foreign 403 00:18:49,810 --> 00:18:55,820 [Music] 404 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:04,880 ERS medals and prayer books to us 405 00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:16,799 yet one of them said to me uh sister we 406 00:19:16,799 --> 00:19:18,240 hadn't come here for Holiday I would 407 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:20,039 like you to know that we have come out 408 00:19:20,039 --> 00:19:22,200 here he said to fight for Spain and 409 00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:24,179 fight for religion and we remember he 410 00:19:24,179 --> 00:19:26,280 said all that we have suffered in the 411 00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:28,320 persecutions in Ireland and we don't 412 00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,020 mind we will give our lives for Spain he 413 00:19:31,020 --> 00:19:33,600 said and we remember also in the past 414 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:36,840 that uh the Spanish the Spaniards helped 415 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:39,000 us and they came over to Galway he said 416 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,039 and they were defeated he said there by 417 00:19:41,039 --> 00:19:42,840 the English but we will have our revenge 418 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:45,480 now he said and we would we don't mind 419 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:47,760 if we give all our lives and we're not 420 00:19:47,760 --> 00:19:49,260 coming he said we're coming here to 421 00:19:49,260 --> 00:19:51,720 fight religion for Ireland Father Paul 422 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:53,820 wrote them down because Father Paul had 423 00:19:53,820 --> 00:19:56,160 great faith in our prayers and he broke 424 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,020 down this group to make it more 425 00:19:58,020 --> 00:19:59,700 realistic for us so that we will pray 426 00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:01,980 for them and another said another one 427 00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:05,820 sister city to me sister we're going to 428 00:20:05,820 --> 00:20:09,780 shoot every damn red in Spain we won't 429 00:20:09,780 --> 00:20:12,000 leave one left and we'll come back with 430 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,559 a cockades he said on our head 431 00:20:15,679 --> 00:20:18,299 I remember the evening quite well that 432 00:20:18,299 --> 00:20:20,460 we were called to the great a tiny 433 00:20:20,460 --> 00:20:22,919 little parlor with the double bars and 434 00:20:22,919 --> 00:20:25,799 the crowd of Irish men outside with 435 00:20:25,799 --> 00:20:28,320 Father Paul and I pitted them because I 436 00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:31,080 said you're going to will endanger your 437 00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:33,120 lives and they said to me we are very 438 00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:34,980 glad of that sister that's what we came 439 00:20:34,980 --> 00:20:37,020 for we're coming to fight for religion 440 00:20:37,020 --> 00:20:39,360 and we don't want the Reds to conquer 441 00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:41,640 Spain Spain has always been a Catholic 442 00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:44,280 country like Ireland and we are proud to 443 00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:47,039 go with our leader and they ask for our 444 00:20:47,039 --> 00:20:48,600 prayers and we promise that we pray for 445 00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:52,080 them and also yes the asperose rupees 446 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,240 and we gave them Rose repeats and Medals 447 00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:56,100 of Our Lady of good success and they 448 00:20:56,100 --> 00:20:58,380 were very happy very happy group and we 449 00:20:58,380 --> 00:21:00,000 were very pleased to meet them and 450 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,100 remember very well although it's a long 451 00:21:02,100 --> 00:21:03,360 time ago now 452 00:21:03,360 --> 00:21:05,820 but while old Duffy's man came to war in 453 00:21:05,820 --> 00:21:07,799 an organized body those who went to 454 00:21:07,799 --> 00:21:11,299 fight for the Republic did not 455 00:21:11,780 --> 00:21:14,760 for them getting to Spain often meant 456 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:16,860 not just secrecy but a good deal of 457 00:21:16,860 --> 00:21:18,720 hardship as well 458 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:20,960 it was a difficult long role because 459 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:23,220 when I went there it was illegal for 460 00:21:23,220 --> 00:21:26,039 anybody to travel to spend uh this was 461 00:21:26,039 --> 00:21:28,140 the internal sort of legislation which 462 00:21:28,140 --> 00:21:30,740 arose from the fossil Islam intervention 463 00:21:30,740 --> 00:21:33,840 uh restriction on volunteers 464 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:36,780 uh there was also the fact that uh the 465 00:21:36,780 --> 00:21:38,520 Spanish Republic itself was completely 466 00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:39,780 blockaded 467 00:21:39,780 --> 00:21:42,179 one couldn't go up to the Spanish border 468 00:21:42,179 --> 00:21:43,740 with a passport and say well I didn't 469 00:21:43,740 --> 00:21:46,500 have a passport recently so how I did it 470 00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:49,980 to go to London and they'll get awakened 471 00:21:49,980 --> 00:21:52,260 ticket which would enable me to stay in 472 00:21:52,260 --> 00:21:54,900 Paris for the weekend and there Amy had 473 00:21:54,900 --> 00:21:56,520 contact with the recruiting center of 474 00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:59,280 the Brigade it was all very very illegal 475 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,860 to understand and then after a few days 476 00:22:01,860 --> 00:22:03,780 in Paris when we were briefed and what 477 00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:05,640 was there before us what we were likely 478 00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:08,340 to encounter and the last opportunity to 479 00:22:08,340 --> 00:22:10,940 step out by the way some people did 480 00:22:10,940 --> 00:22:13,620 these I'm saying this to mention that 481 00:22:13,620 --> 00:22:16,260 the the picture was given to us of 482 00:22:16,260 --> 00:22:18,360 conditions was an authentic realistic 483 00:22:18,360 --> 00:22:20,700 and honest depiction so there could be 484 00:22:20,700 --> 00:22:24,179 no Illusions for the actual conditions 485 00:22:24,179 --> 00:22:26,520 most of them were smuggled in over the 486 00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:28,500 Pyrenees and training for some of the 487 00:22:28,500 --> 00:22:30,840 Republicans was pathetic in terms of the 488 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:33,000 war they were going to have to fight for 489 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:35,220 most it could be measured in days rather 490 00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:36,419 than weeks 491 00:22:36,419 --> 00:22:39,360 uh we learned how to advance Under Fire 492 00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:42,120 how to retreat Under Fire how to take 493 00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:45,419 advantage of natural cover and things 494 00:22:45,419 --> 00:22:47,760 which really are rather Elementary 495 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:49,440 and 496 00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,020 we've had 10 shots 497 00:22:52,020 --> 00:22:54,299 the rifle I think the first five scared 498 00:22:54,299 --> 00:22:56,760 me more they're not scared anyone else 499 00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:58,620 there was a fact of course that it 500 00:22:58,620 --> 00:23:01,500 wasn't an Army in the sense that a lot 501 00:23:01,500 --> 00:23:04,260 of armors or armies were a a commander 502 00:23:04,260 --> 00:23:06,000 can just walk around and hold the people 503 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:08,400 around and treat them like dogs or just 504 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:10,380 as he likes or shout at them you know 505 00:23:10,380 --> 00:23:12,120 they had to be treated as people and 506 00:23:12,120 --> 00:23:14,400 they were people then you they knew what 507 00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:17,039 they were fighting for and we our Our 508 00:23:17,039 --> 00:23:19,260 intention was always to give them the 509 00:23:19,260 --> 00:23:21,960 best chance to think what about the 510 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,419 leadership of the brigades themselves 511 00:23:24,419 --> 00:23:27,480 what sort of quality was that 512 00:23:27,480 --> 00:23:29,280 the organization of the international 513 00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:32,280 brigades from all over Western Europe 514 00:23:32,280 --> 00:23:36,240 and America was very very well done 515 00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:38,460 but the provision of trained military 516 00:23:38,460 --> 00:23:39,900 leaders 517 00:23:39,900 --> 00:23:43,380 was very very badly done 518 00:23:43,380 --> 00:23:46,260 we were just all as paulers bunched in 519 00:23:46,260 --> 00:23:48,179 there and here and there and anybody 520 00:23:48,179 --> 00:23:49,580 with military 521 00:23:49,580 --> 00:23:52,320 training at all was selected to occupy 522 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,080 positions it is correct because remember 523 00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:59,280 that the Spanish Army uh started with 524 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:01,260 the generals in the reward against the 525 00:24:01,260 --> 00:24:03,600 Republic so other Spanish people had no 526 00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:06,059 Army and they had to build up on the 527 00:24:06,059 --> 00:24:08,039 abyss of the different militias belong 528 00:24:08,039 --> 00:24:09,780 to the different political parties trade 529 00:24:09,780 --> 00:24:11,760 unions political groupings so far on 530 00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:13,740 their own militias uh very badly 531 00:24:13,740 --> 00:24:16,440 equipped not only in terms of armaments 532 00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:19,200 but in terms of uniforms and therefore 533 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,840 the facilities didn't exist for the 534 00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:24,539 training of volunteers they lacked in 535 00:24:24,539 --> 00:24:27,000 training they made up 536 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,720 for in Courage of a higher order 537 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:32,820 foolhardy though it may seem to a 538 00:24:32,820 --> 00:24:35,520 trained military mind this was a very 539 00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:37,380 very impressive thing 540 00:24:37,380 --> 00:24:39,020 and it was really 541 00:24:39,020 --> 00:24:41,700 flesh against metal 542 00:24:41,700 --> 00:24:44,760 and no matter how Valiant an army is and 543 00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:46,620 how good the morale is 544 00:24:46,620 --> 00:24:49,380 there comes a time when you need a 545 00:24:49,380 --> 00:24:51,980 little bit more than that 546 00:24:51,980 --> 00:24:54,659 from Lisbon or Duffy's Men set off for 547 00:24:54,659 --> 00:24:56,220 six weeks training in the city of 548 00:24:56,220 --> 00:24:58,080 casares not far from the Portuguese 549 00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:00,840 border casare is the old city of the 550 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:02,580 conquistadores in the province of estro 551 00:25:02,580 --> 00:25:04,440 Madura was to be their base throughout 552 00:25:04,440 --> 00:25:06,960 their time in Spain and even today 40 553 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:09,360 years on it has the Backwater atmosphere 554 00:25:09,360 --> 00:25:11,760 of a city far from the frenetic new 555 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,280 industrial Spain it's Remembered in 556 00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:15,960 Spain because it was from hereabouts 557 00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:18,780 that Stout Cortes went off to exploit 558 00:25:18,780 --> 00:25:20,880 the new world of the Americas and in 559 00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:22,799 Ireland because it was from here that 560 00:25:22,799 --> 00:25:24,720 the Irish went out to fight for Franco 561 00:25:24,720 --> 00:25:27,299 or o Duffy casserays was the 562 00:25:27,299 --> 00:25:29,159 headquarters of the Bandera Ireland 563 00:25:29,159 --> 00:25:31,799 Daisy Del tercio the Irish Brigade of 564 00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:34,580 the Foreign Legion 565 00:25:34,799 --> 00:25:37,679 the Alvarez hotel which became his GHQ 566 00:25:37,679 --> 00:25:39,659 is still there on the streets through 567 00:25:39,659 --> 00:25:41,340 which his man marched accompanied by 568 00:25:41,340 --> 00:25:43,740 this Mary's pipe band from Dublin would 569 00:25:43,740 --> 00:25:46,500 be familiar today to those same men 570 00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:48,960 as indeed would some of the bodegas and 571 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:50,820 the Church of San Domingo where the many 572 00:25:50,820 --> 00:25:53,120 Church parades were held 573 00:25:53,120 --> 00:25:55,860 [Music] 574 00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:57,539 on Christmas morning there was a full 575 00:25:57,539 --> 00:25:59,279 parade to the Church of San Domingo 576 00:25:59,279 --> 00:26:01,320 where father Maureen said three masses 577 00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:03,659 followed by benediction 578 00:26:03,659 --> 00:26:05,880 the volunteers had a special Christmas 579 00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:08,220 dinner after which a most enjoyable 580 00:26:08,220 --> 00:26:10,799 concert was held in the dining room 581 00:26:10,799 --> 00:26:12,960 a little bit homesick they were in great 582 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,120 form jubilant and happy 583 00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:17,279 one and all assured me that the 584 00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:18,539 Christmas in Spain was the most 585 00:26:18,539 --> 00:26:20,940 enjoyable they ever had 586 00:26:20,940 --> 00:26:22,980 and in the main square of casares they 587 00:26:22,980 --> 00:26:26,340 were viewed by General Franco himself 588 00:26:26,340 --> 00:26:28,260 there was Jubilation in the Irish lines 589 00:26:28,260 --> 00:26:30,360 when the announcement was made the 590 00:26:30,360 --> 00:26:32,039 bandeel operated fully armed and 591 00:26:32,039 --> 00:26:34,740 equipped with Irish flag at a tent as 592 00:26:34,740 --> 00:26:36,840 each section passed him the offices had 593 00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:38,400 been saluted in the spanish-style 594 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:41,880 shouting wholeheartedly Viva Franco Viva 595 00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:44,480 spania and Viva Orlando 596 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:47,640 SEMO in a shot that I said I look with 597 00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:49,919 giant confidence to the day when you and 598 00:26:49,919 --> 00:26:51,720 your Spanish comrades will win new 599 00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:53,880 honors for your flag Fighting For the 600 00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:56,159 Glory of Ireland the glory of Spain and 601 00:26:56,159 --> 00:26:59,480 the glory of our Holy Faith 602 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:04,799 [Music] 603 00:27:04,799 --> 00:27:07,260 the Irish Bandera formed part of the 604 00:27:07,260 --> 00:27:09,840 tercio the Spanish Foreign Legion whose 605 00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:12,840 arid motto was long-lived death and 606 00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:14,760 liaison officer with them was Don 607 00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:17,640 Alfonso Bustamante ideas today the 608 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:21,059 alcalde or mayor of casares then a young 609 00:27:21,059 --> 00:27:23,279 Spanish Lieutenant today a member of the 610 00:27:23,279 --> 00:27:27,120 Cortes the Spanish Parliament yes I had 611 00:27:27,120 --> 00:27:30,559 a such a great honor I've been with them 612 00:27:30,559 --> 00:27:33,299 I appreciate the weather wonderful 613 00:27:33,299 --> 00:27:35,760 people very good warrior 614 00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:39,000 a very good shot they should wonderfully 615 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:41,940 well really yes and they were very good 616 00:27:41,940 --> 00:27:43,740 companions I'm very happy people do 617 00:27:43,740 --> 00:27:46,740 there is of course the the memorial to 618 00:27:46,740 --> 00:27:48,900 them in the church and I guess you look 619 00:27:48,900 --> 00:27:50,820 after that extremely well and I pray for 620 00:27:50,820 --> 00:27:53,179 them every day there yeah 621 00:27:53,179 --> 00:27:57,620 I go every day with that mess 622 00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:03,779 and it's here in what became the Irish 623 00:28:03,779 --> 00:28:06,040 church that the Bandera is commemorated 624 00:28:06,040 --> 00:28:08,400 [Music] 625 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:10,380 I unveiled a tablet in the church to 626 00:28:10,380 --> 00:28:11,820 Mark our official farewell before 627 00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:14,220 leaving for the front the inscription in 628 00:28:14,220 --> 00:28:16,679 Irish Spanish and English reads to the 629 00:28:16,679 --> 00:28:19,320 glory of God and the honor of Ireland in 630 00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:21,539 remembrance of the 15 Bandera Irish 631 00:28:21,539 --> 00:28:23,760 Brigade of the tercio who worshiped in 632 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:25,620 this church while serving the cause of 633 00:28:25,620 --> 00:28:27,900 the faith and of Ireland's ancient Ally 634 00:28:27,900 --> 00:28:31,400 and protector Spain 635 00:28:33,799 --> 00:28:36,240 afterwards during benediction the 636 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:38,820 bandira sang Faith of Our Fathers 637 00:28:38,820 --> 00:28:41,150 foreign 638 00:28:41,150 --> 00:28:49,590 [Music] 639 00:28:49,590 --> 00:28:50,380 [Applause] 640 00:28:50,380 --> 00:28:52,660 [Music] 641 00:28:52,660 --> 00:28:57,900 [Applause] 642 00:28:58,820 --> 00:29:03,810 [Music] 643 00:29:03,810 --> 00:29:05,300 [Applause] 644 00:29:05,300 --> 00:29:08,440 [Music] 645 00:29:09,779 --> 00:29:12,500 thank you 646 00:29:15,260 --> 00:29:18,539 some people some of them that we spoke 647 00:29:18,539 --> 00:29:21,299 to in Ireland who are still alive they 648 00:29:21,299 --> 00:29:24,500 say that they found the wine very strong 649 00:29:24,500 --> 00:29:26,760 well you know the highest people that 650 00:29:26,760 --> 00:29:28,380 are Spanish people were very full of 651 00:29:28,380 --> 00:29:32,520 weren't all and then is the the sympathy 652 00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:36,659 a mutual it's Jeff we were very cheerful 653 00:29:36,659 --> 00:29:39,120 together did they drink did they drink 654 00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:41,419 too much 655 00:29:41,419 --> 00:29:44,700 they're whiskey so it was a fair 656 00:29:44,700 --> 00:29:47,179 exchange 657 00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:52,700 I remember you remember this video 658 00:29:54,659 --> 00:29:57,179 but a little Duffy tends to ignore it 659 00:29:57,179 --> 00:29:59,399 there was a drink problem among some of 660 00:29:59,399 --> 00:30:01,980 the volunteers one of them wrote in an 661 00:30:01,980 --> 00:30:04,140 unpublished Memoir of the inevitable 662 00:30:04,140 --> 00:30:06,960 payday scenes which took place by those 663 00:30:06,960 --> 00:30:08,820 who had taken more than their fair share 664 00:30:08,820 --> 00:30:11,640 of Vino and who were now all out for 665 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:13,140 trouble 666 00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:15,840 one bar man in casares Jose Garcia 667 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,779 recalls the Irish who came here 40 years 668 00:30:18,779 --> 00:30:21,140 ago 669 00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,320 foreign 670 00:30:31,820 --> 00:30:35,220 1937 and they he was just a young boy 671 00:30:35,220 --> 00:30:37,860 then he was about 13 years old and the 672 00:30:37,860 --> 00:30:39,779 thing he remembers most about them was 673 00:30:39,779 --> 00:30:42,120 their happiness and the clothes they 674 00:30:42,120 --> 00:30:43,740 wear because here in Spain they'd never 675 00:30:43,740 --> 00:30:45,480 seen anything like this they had their 676 00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:47,520 Hops and their kills you know and he 677 00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:49,919 remembers very well the processions they 678 00:30:49,919 --> 00:30:52,140 made to the church and every Sunday well 679 00:30:52,140 --> 00:30:54,299 did they sort of go around the bars and 680 00:30:54,299 --> 00:30:56,960 awful lot 681 00:31:04,220 --> 00:31:06,720 unfortunately it is probably true I'd 682 00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:10,799 say that 20 of the large of all ages 683 00:31:10,799 --> 00:31:13,380 were very addicted to drink and apart 684 00:31:13,380 --> 00:31:15,120 entirely from their addiction drink was 685 00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:17,279 very very cheap it was quite possible 686 00:31:17,279 --> 00:31:20,039 for a young man of 18 and 19 who hadn't 687 00:31:20,039 --> 00:31:21,720 been used to a lot of drink and who 688 00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:23,700 wasn't being very well fed to drink a 689 00:31:23,700 --> 00:31:24,899 bottle of wine into costume the 690 00:31:24,899 --> 00:31:27,360 equivalent of uh 10 pence here in 691 00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:29,460 Ireland you see and it was highly potent 692 00:31:29,460 --> 00:31:31,559 so we had to miss every night of the 693 00:31:31,559 --> 00:31:33,679 week 694 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:42,059 he says that um not always didn't all of 695 00:31:42,059 --> 00:31:43,679 us have quite enough money to pay for 696 00:31:43,679 --> 00:31:45,659 the rewind that sometimes they might 697 00:31:45,659 --> 00:31:47,220 have had to sell their coat or something 698 00:31:47,220 --> 00:31:48,899 in order to buy another bottle you know 699 00:31:48,899 --> 00:31:50,700 did they drink far more than the 700 00:31:50,700 --> 00:31:52,679 Spaniards for instance 701 00:31:52,679 --> 00:31:54,860 um 702 00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:01,470 [Music] 703 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,720 something they drank more but they drank 704 00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:08,760 equally well do you think that the 705 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:11,159 people of casarez remember the Irish at 706 00:32:11,159 --> 00:32:14,399 all with much gratitude 707 00:32:14,399 --> 00:32:16,159 yes 708 00:32:16,159 --> 00:32:19,919 it was it was a marvelous thing for them 709 00:32:19,919 --> 00:32:22,140 they went to the coast of Ireland 710 00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:26,820 take a boat the boat was going to fight 711 00:32:26,820 --> 00:32:28,860 for the faith I think it's an amazing 712 00:32:28,860 --> 00:32:29,659 thing 713 00:32:29,659 --> 00:32:34,039 and they were very very brave people 714 00:32:34,190 --> 00:32:38,499 [Music] 715 00:32:41,539 --> 00:32:43,559 ah Tony 716 00:32:43,559 --> 00:32:46,140 the egg mayonnaise he's off madam 717 00:32:46,140 --> 00:32:49,140 Bolognese 718 00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:51,059 what about the gravy 719 00:32:51,059 --> 00:32:55,820 salad dressing the red wine all off 720 00:32:56,279 --> 00:32:58,559 a different jacket no a different 721 00:32:58,559 --> 00:33:01,020 detergent personal micro liquid should 722 00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:03,480 always be on the menu because it has a 723 00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:04,980 double cleaning action it can tackle 724 00:33:04,980 --> 00:33:07,440 more than one kind of stain it combines 725 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,080 an action on fat and an action on these 726 00:33:10,080 --> 00:33:12,779 other stains all in one wash now what 727 00:33:12,779 --> 00:33:14,519 would you like 728 00:33:14,519 --> 00:33:17,039 the Dover Soul please ah 729 00:33:17,039 --> 00:33:19,799 personal micro liquid tackles fat and a 730 00:33:19,799 --> 00:33:22,440 whole load more 731 00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:23,640 question 732 00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,799 can you be sure your dishes won't still 733 00:33:25,799 --> 00:33:27,779 show traces of food after they've been 734 00:33:27,779 --> 00:33:29,240 through the dishwasher 735 00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:31,080 next time 736 00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:32,340 progress 737 00:33:32,340 --> 00:33:34,679 its active oxygen formula has been 738 00:33:34,679 --> 00:33:36,600 specially developed to remove stubborn 739 00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:38,760 food residues without damaging pattern 740 00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:40,380 China 741 00:33:40,380 --> 00:33:43,620 result with some progress sparkling 742 00:33:43,620 --> 00:33:46,980 clean dishes without fading patterns 743 00:33:46,980 --> 00:33:52,100 Sun your dishes are in good hands 744 00:33:59,860 --> 00:34:09,560 [Music] 745 00:34:09,560 --> 00:34:14,480 new Duplo play track building fun 746 00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:18,960 to this day it's a mystery who gave into 747 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:22,500 temptation but one slice of viennetto 748 00:34:22,500 --> 00:34:25,918 with its irresistible crisp dark layers 749 00:34:25,918 --> 00:34:28,199 and simply Rich ice cream 750 00:34:28,199 --> 00:34:30,960 never seems quite enough 751 00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:34,810 so who was that last slice destined for 752 00:34:34,810 --> 00:34:38,879 [Music] 753 00:34:38,879 --> 00:34:42,560 all eyes turn to me 754 00:34:45,359 --> 00:34:47,940 when you go to sleep thousands of night 755 00:34:47,940 --> 00:34:51,000 workers go to work and so does new 756 00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:54,480 Maintenance Night action toothpaste 757 00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,460 brushing with night action before bed 758 00:34:56,460 --> 00:34:59,040 helps neutralize harmful daytime plaque 759 00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:00,180 acids 760 00:35:00,180 --> 00:35:02,880 helps replace essential minerals lost 761 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:06,060 during daytime acid attack and goes on 762 00:35:06,060 --> 00:35:08,520 happy to protect your teeth until 763 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:09,839 morning 764 00:35:09,839 --> 00:35:12,359 night action from maintenance toothpaste 765 00:35:12,359 --> 00:35:15,800 your teeth would choose 766 00:35:20,839 --> 00:35:23,700 I must tell you about Bird's eye's new 767 00:35:23,700 --> 00:35:25,560 range of fish Cuisine is 768 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:28,500 vegetable Tuscany bake lovely fillet of 769 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:30,480 fish but the delicious delicious cheesy 770 00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,880 topping leeks carrots juicy onions and 771 00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:34,260 broccoli florets 772 00:35:34,260 --> 00:35:40,079 wonderful and plenty for you and whoever 773 00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,220 new fish Cuisine from bird's eye fish 774 00:35:44,220 --> 00:35:47,119 worth talking about 775 00:35:48,740 --> 00:35:54,079 it's here the best dance album of 93. 776 00:36:00,020 --> 00:36:06,200 [Music] 777 00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:08,610 gets bigger and bigger 778 00:36:08,610 --> 00:36:14,839 [Music] 779 00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:17,650 get out 780 00:36:17,650 --> 00:36:20,729 [Music] 781 00:36:23,150 --> 00:36:25,980 [Music] 782 00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:29,579 February 1937 saw Duffy's men ready for 783 00:36:29,579 --> 00:36:31,740 the fight but still a long way from the 784 00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:34,260 front and the front at this time was 785 00:36:34,260 --> 00:36:36,240 strongly centered on Madrid which was 786 00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:38,520 held by the Republican government the 787 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:41,280 fighting was Savage and by now much of 788 00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:43,619 Europe was embroiled from Russia had 789 00:36:43,619 --> 00:36:46,619 come arms aircraft man and money to 790 00:36:46,619 --> 00:36:48,480 supporter of public which would have 791 00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,119 died without them and from the fascist 792 00:36:51,119 --> 00:36:54,000 Powers tanks and aircraft from Italy 793 00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,520 alone came more than 50 000 Army 794 00:36:56,520 --> 00:36:59,220 conscripts and from Hitler came the 795 00:36:59,220 --> 00:37:01,440 Condor Legion which was to provide the 796 00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:03,240 heinkels and Yonkers which were to 797 00:37:03,240 --> 00:37:05,760 obliterate granica as well as artillery 798 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:08,780 and advisors 799 00:37:09,240 --> 00:37:11,760 the big Powers Spain was the great 800 00:37:11,760 --> 00:37:15,900 experiment a gigantic war game 801 00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:18,780 for Spain herself compounded the tragedy 802 00:37:18,780 --> 00:37:21,060 of a Civil War and ensure the end of 803 00:37:21,060 --> 00:37:24,440 democracy for a generation 804 00:37:26,599 --> 00:37:28,859 by now some of the men of the 805 00:37:28,859 --> 00:37:31,160 international Brigade were old in battle 806 00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,240 volunteers had come to fight for the 807 00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:34,920 Republic from all over the world 808 00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:38,339 including more than 150 from Ireland for 809 00:37:38,339 --> 00:37:41,040 some of these the baptism of fire was in 810 00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:43,859 the many battles around Madrid we had 811 00:37:43,859 --> 00:37:46,800 Advanced about four males across country 812 00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,900 the morning was a bit Misty then the 813 00:37:48,900 --> 00:37:50,880 planes worked out but we were subjected 814 00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:53,579 to terrible bombardment of artillery and 815 00:37:53,579 --> 00:37:56,660 with an advanced under artillery Fair 816 00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:59,099 shells exploding in the midst of us 817 00:37:59,099 --> 00:38:00,620 around us all the time 818 00:38:00,620 --> 00:38:03,180 [Applause] 819 00:38:03,180 --> 00:38:05,900 thank you 820 00:38:06,420 --> 00:38:08,760 of all the battles in Spain the one 821 00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:10,800 which was to begin now in the Valley of 822 00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:13,920 the harama river was to epitomize war in 823 00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:16,859 all its horror its memories are burned 824 00:38:16,859 --> 00:38:19,200 into the minds of all who fought in it 825 00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:21,780 Uncle thought when he had failed in a 826 00:38:21,780 --> 00:38:24,420 frontal assault on Madrid at University 827 00:38:24,420 --> 00:38:26,040 City 828 00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:29,099 he might take it on the south from 829 00:38:29,099 --> 00:38:33,540 harama on the Haram River 830 00:38:33,540 --> 00:38:37,440 so we were sent up there 831 00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:39,960 all this road Franco had gathered 832 00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:42,960 together several very good divisions and 833 00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:45,119 we were sent up the 834 00:38:45,119 --> 00:38:48,660 13th 14th and 15th brigades 835 00:38:48,660 --> 00:38:53,160 and we held the road at a very very high 836 00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:55,579 price 837 00:38:56,880 --> 00:38:59,099 and the price was 45 838 00:38:59,099 --> 00:39:03,079 000 men in one terrible week 839 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:06,359 the British Battalion alone in which so 840 00:39:06,359 --> 00:39:09,540 many of the Irish fought lost 400 of its 841 00:39:09,540 --> 00:39:13,520 600 men in one day 842 00:39:13,619 --> 00:39:15,960 defending Suicide Hill in the pingran 843 00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:19,140 Foothills 22 Irishmen died man like the 844 00:39:19,140 --> 00:39:21,060 Reverend r m Hilliard a Protestant 845 00:39:21,060 --> 00:39:22,859 clergyman from Killarney Charlie 846 00:39:22,859 --> 00:39:25,740 Donnelly the Ulster poet kit Conway from 847 00:39:25,740 --> 00:39:28,079 County Tipperary dick O'Neal from 848 00:39:28,079 --> 00:39:31,079 Belfast it was Adorama that Frank Ryan 849 00:39:31,079 --> 00:39:33,420 was wounded as he rallied his man when 850 00:39:33,420 --> 00:39:34,920 the battle was turning against the 851 00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,160 Republic 852 00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:40,680 you have to look hard for evidence that 853 00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:43,560 man died in their thousands here on the 854 00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:46,339 harama river 855 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:51,359 a poet wrote of the terrible Slaughter 856 00:39:51,359 --> 00:39:54,359 death stalked the olive trees picking 857 00:39:54,359 --> 00:39:55,680 his man 858 00:39:55,680 --> 00:39:58,859 his leading finger beckoned again and 859 00:39:58,859 --> 00:40:01,099 again 860 00:40:05,090 --> 00:40:10,260 [Music] 861 00:40:10,260 --> 00:40:17,339 that's a place that we all know so well 862 00:40:17,339 --> 00:40:22,520 well thought is there that we wasted our 863 00:40:22,520 --> 00:40:24,320 manhood 864 00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:32,119 and the most of our old ages well 865 00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:36,470 oh 866 00:40:36,470 --> 00:40:38,579 [Music] 867 00:40:38,579 --> 00:40:40,560 and it was to the aftermath of the 868 00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:42,720 harama battle that oduffy's men were to 869 00:40:42,720 --> 00:40:43,120 come 870 00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:46,260 [Music] 871 00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:48,720 tune of their battle March cancion de 872 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:51,119 legionario they set off from casares 873 00:40:51,119 --> 00:40:53,460 just as they Conquistador is before the 874 00:40:53,460 --> 00:40:55,500 Madan to fight under the banner of 875 00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:57,359 Catholicism 876 00:40:57,359 --> 00:40:58,440 foreign 877 00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:03,260 [Music] 878 00:41:03,260 --> 00:41:06,119 went off to war they were marching along 879 00:41:06,119 --> 00:41:08,720 a sunken Road about a mile outside 880 00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:11,760 siemposales when they saw another body 881 00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:14,579 of troops crossing their path and 882 00:41:14,579 --> 00:41:17,460 o'duffy in his book crusade in Spain has 883 00:41:17,460 --> 00:41:20,280 written of this incident he says that 884 00:41:20,280 --> 00:41:23,400 The Interpreter a leften and Bove with 885 00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:25,740 his troops went over to the other body 886 00:41:25,740 --> 00:41:28,380 of troops saluted the officer in charge 887 00:41:28,380 --> 00:41:31,740 and said to him Bandera Ireland Daisy 888 00:41:31,740 --> 00:41:34,619 Del tercio identifying who they were in 889 00:41:34,619 --> 00:41:37,859 fact and or Duffy continues instantly 890 00:41:37,859 --> 00:41:40,079 the captain to whom he spoke stepped 891 00:41:40,079 --> 00:41:42,839 back one pace drew his revolver and 892 00:41:42,839 --> 00:41:46,560 fired Point Blank at leftover and at 893 00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:48,839 this stage all hell broke loose and I 894 00:41:48,839 --> 00:41:50,160 thought it a type of some let's 895 00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:51,960 practicing and I thought they should 896 00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:53,760 fire in a different direction 897 00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:55,560 and bought it at the end the world came 898 00:41:55,560 --> 00:41:57,240 immediately the world being attacked to 899 00:41:57,240 --> 00:42:01,260 Sergeant Lee who was a later kill he 900 00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:02,940 told us to get down and we saw our 901 00:42:02,940 --> 00:42:05,520 movements in front of us and I opened 902 00:42:05,520 --> 00:42:07,320 fired there was possibly wounded the 903 00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:10,099 first to open fire 904 00:42:10,260 --> 00:42:13,440 and firing went on in fact for well over 905 00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,660 an hour a number of the Irish were 906 00:42:15,660 --> 00:42:17,520 killed and a number of the other troops 907 00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:21,060 too but the awful irony of this was that 908 00:42:21,060 --> 00:42:22,859 the troops who had opened fire on the 909 00:42:22,859 --> 00:42:25,619 Irish were of course Franco troops in 910 00:42:25,619 --> 00:42:28,040 other words fighting on the same side 911 00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:30,420 surely that must have 912 00:42:30,420 --> 00:42:32,460 taken the guts out of you all to some 913 00:42:32,460 --> 00:42:34,200 extent 914 00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:38,520 not really not really but it did make us 915 00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:39,780 aware 916 00:42:39,780 --> 00:42:41,579 of the risks 917 00:42:41,579 --> 00:42:43,740 two Irishmen died in the action and 918 00:42:43,740 --> 00:42:46,380 others were wounded an inquiry found the 919 00:42:46,380 --> 00:42:48,480 other troops a Franco Bandera from the 920 00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,400 Canary Islands to blame 921 00:42:50,400 --> 00:42:52,859 the action took some heart out of the 922 00:42:52,859 --> 00:42:55,140 Irish but for the next few weeks they 923 00:42:55,140 --> 00:42:57,000 settled in around the old village of 924 00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,339 siempasuelas and learned to live with 925 00:42:59,339 --> 00:43:01,140 these shelling from the Republican lines 926 00:43:01,140 --> 00:43:04,220 two miles away 927 00:43:05,210 --> 00:43:08,289 [Music] 928 00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:12,900 these Railway buildings here were part 929 00:43:12,900 --> 00:43:16,079 of the Irish outposts in front of the CM 930 00:43:16,079 --> 00:43:18,359 persuelas when oh Duffy's men were first 931 00:43:18,359 --> 00:43:20,700 put into the line in fact where I'm 932 00:43:20,700 --> 00:43:23,819 standing now was part of that line and 933 00:43:23,819 --> 00:43:26,160 the job was to protect this little town 934 00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:30,119 uh over just over here and it was from 935 00:43:30,119 --> 00:43:32,280 these positions from trenches all along 936 00:43:32,280 --> 00:43:35,160 here that they made their one and only 937 00:43:35,160 --> 00:43:37,319 offensive action of the war they were 938 00:43:37,319 --> 00:43:40,940 ordered out into these planes over here 939 00:43:40,940 --> 00:43:44,400 to take a small town called tatocia 940 00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:46,800 three miles away and they left the dog 941 00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:49,920 out on a very heavy artillery fire in 942 00:43:49,920 --> 00:43:51,599 fact they didn't get very far the 943 00:43:51,599 --> 00:43:53,520 artillery pinned them down and 944 00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:55,619 eventually they were ordered to retreat 945 00:43:55,619 --> 00:43:58,140 but before they retreated they had lost 946 00:43:58,140 --> 00:44:01,079 four men including sergeant major 947 00:44:01,079 --> 00:44:04,220 Gabriel Lee of Dublin who was killed 948 00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:08,099 down there where wheat and Maize and 949 00:44:08,099 --> 00:44:10,020 Millard now grow those 950 00:44:10,020 --> 00:44:12,420 he unfortunately 951 00:44:12,420 --> 00:44:14,940 fell forward when we had these barrage 952 00:44:14,940 --> 00:44:16,380 and I was with them at the time it fell 953 00:44:16,380 --> 00:44:18,900 on top of them 954 00:44:18,900 --> 00:44:21,900 and when it was over I sat up and 955 00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:24,480 he didn't 956 00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:26,819 buy a most peculiar Circumstance the 957 00:44:26,819 --> 00:44:29,819 vein it was taken from discovered 958 00:44:29,819 --> 00:44:32,460 and it cut the 959 00:44:32,460 --> 00:44:35,339 back of his thigh 960 00:44:35,339 --> 00:44:37,440 as if you would cut a steak 961 00:44:37,440 --> 00:44:39,180 and her got out of his character and did 962 00:44:39,180 --> 00:44:40,619 that I don't know because I was on top 963 00:44:40,619 --> 00:44:41,940 of him 964 00:44:41,940 --> 00:44:45,300 so he was bleeding very very badly 965 00:44:45,300 --> 00:44:47,400 I had a pair of rosary beads in my 966 00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:49,740 pocket which my father had given me I 967 00:44:49,740 --> 00:44:51,180 gave them to him and he clustered them 968 00:44:51,180 --> 00:44:53,700 and he spoke a few words to me 969 00:44:53,700 --> 00:44:57,359 uh Bergen Bergen was one of the 970 00:44:57,359 --> 00:44:59,160 stretch of errors and he came along with 971 00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:00,480 his companion 972 00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:02,400 and they took him away on this on the 973 00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:04,440 stretcher 974 00:45:04,440 --> 00:45:06,300 parade courageous stretch of bear as 975 00:45:06,300 --> 00:45:07,800 they were 976 00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:09,540 they took him away to the hospital away 977 00:45:09,540 --> 00:45:10,560 behind 978 00:45:10,560 --> 00:45:14,420 where they could go and he died there 979 00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:19,800 later on they moved up the line to La 980 00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:22,260 marinosa near Madrid and it was there 981 00:45:22,260 --> 00:45:24,359 they remained until their return to 982 00:45:24,359 --> 00:45:27,800 Ireland in May of that year 983 00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:30,960 Harley Quinn who was second in command 984 00:45:30,960 --> 00:45:33,300 of his Brigade is surrounded in his home 985 00:45:33,300 --> 00:45:35,760 by reminders of Irish history and his 986 00:45:35,760 --> 00:45:37,560 Christian faith 987 00:45:37,560 --> 00:45:41,540 and of his Spanish experience 988 00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:46,319 after CM persuelus there was some 989 00:45:46,319 --> 00:45:48,119 disagreement about the role of the 990 00:45:48,119 --> 00:45:50,099 Brigade and a number of the men wanted 991 00:45:50,099 --> 00:45:52,319 to come back to Ireland 992 00:45:52,319 --> 00:45:55,560 poorly Quinn was not one of those 993 00:45:55,560 --> 00:45:58,440 according to him oduffia decided on a 994 00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,440 defensive role for the Bandera in Spain 995 00:46:01,440 --> 00:46:03,480 did you regret that decision that would 996 00:46:03,480 --> 00:46:04,800 you have prepared to have taken a more 997 00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:09,240 active role yes some of us did resent it 998 00:46:09,240 --> 00:46:12,260 because there was plenty of 999 00:46:12,260 --> 00:46:14,579 engagements there we knew on our right 1000 00:46:14,579 --> 00:46:15,660 and left 1001 00:46:15,660 --> 00:46:18,839 that we should have been in 1002 00:46:18,839 --> 00:46:22,079 and would have 1003 00:46:22,079 --> 00:46:23,400 um 1004 00:46:23,400 --> 00:46:25,859 it would have painted a much better 1005 00:46:25,859 --> 00:46:29,280 picture no 1006 00:46:31,319 --> 00:46:33,720 no I don't think we were mainly a 1007 00:46:33,720 --> 00:46:35,280 defensive role 1008 00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:38,220 we took part as a mainly defensive role 1009 00:46:38,220 --> 00:46:40,440 because we Advanced our uncertain points 1010 00:46:40,440 --> 00:46:43,380 during the engagement there 1011 00:46:43,380 --> 00:46:46,440 it was just the position to be occupied 1012 00:46:46,440 --> 00:46:48,599 that made it appear that way in my 1013 00:46:48,599 --> 00:46:51,660 opinion well I have a suspicion that 1014 00:46:51,660 --> 00:46:53,460 when General Dolphins is out there and 1015 00:46:53,460 --> 00:46:55,079 saw the grave dangers to which we were 1016 00:46:55,079 --> 00:46:57,359 being subjected that if we were to come 1017 00:46:57,359 --> 00:47:00,000 into a conflict with the raids to a 1018 00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:02,400 closer degree that maybe we would have 1019 00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:04,740 suffered very severe casualties and he 1020 00:47:04,740 --> 00:47:07,200 might have felt that this country would 1021 00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:10,460 call them responsible for that 1022 00:47:11,340 --> 00:47:15,789 [Music] 1023 00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:24,540 at the end of May the Bandera left for 1024 00:47:24,540 --> 00:47:27,000 Ireland leaving behind them a dozen dead 1025 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:29,460 seven of them killed in battle and now 1026 00:47:29,460 --> 00:47:31,319 buried in the wall said Casa Ray 1027 00:47:31,319 --> 00:47:33,960 Cemetery their names often incorrectly 1028 00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:36,560 spelled 1029 00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:39,900 they lie in company with hundreds of 1030 00:47:39,900 --> 00:47:42,300 Moorish cavalrymen of Franco's Army of 1031 00:47:42,300 --> 00:47:44,720 Africa 1032 00:47:46,130 --> 00:47:51,739 [Music] 1033 00:47:56,940 --> 00:47:59,520 back in Ireland oduffy's summary of the 1034 00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:01,560 Spanish Adventure was that his Brigade 1035 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:04,200 did not because it could not play a very 1036 00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:07,079 prominent part in the war but we ensure 1037 00:48:07,079 --> 00:48:08,819 that our country was represented in the 1038 00:48:08,819 --> 00:48:10,980 fight against World communism our 1039 00:48:10,980 --> 00:48:12,720 volunteers were Not Mere adventurers 1040 00:48:12,720 --> 00:48:14,579 over 90 percent of them were true 1041 00:48:14,579 --> 00:48:16,800 Crusaders we've been criticized near 1042 00:48:16,800 --> 00:48:19,020 that slander but truth charity and 1043 00:48:19,020 --> 00:48:20,819 Justice shall Prevail and time will 1044 00:48:20,819 --> 00:48:23,940 justify our motives we seek no praise we 1045 00:48:23,940 --> 00:48:27,240 need our duty we went to Spain 1046 00:48:27,240 --> 00:48:29,880 well I think as a matter of fact I think 1047 00:48:29,880 --> 00:48:31,619 if they wanted to go to Spain to fight 1048 00:48:31,619 --> 00:48:33,060 for what they believed in there were 1049 00:48:33,060 --> 00:48:35,220 some religious people who sought that to 1050 00:48:35,220 --> 00:48:37,200 go down for further religion there were 1051 00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:38,400 some people who were fascist some 1052 00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:41,220 otherwise for fascism I think they had a 1053 00:48:41,220 --> 00:48:42,780 right to do so 1054 00:48:42,780 --> 00:48:44,880 but one thing I have strongly object to 1055 00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:47,400 is that they use the title of the Irish 1056 00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:49,500 Brigade and wild geese 1057 00:48:49,500 --> 00:48:51,660 because the 1058 00:48:51,660 --> 00:48:53,460 in the wild geese in the first place it 1059 00:48:53,460 --> 00:48:57,000 was mercenaries they had causes a cause 1060 00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:59,040 which they fought for an enemy which 1061 00:48:59,040 --> 00:49:00,960 they hated and that's why they fought 1062 00:49:00,960 --> 00:49:03,540 and when they got there to fight they 1063 00:49:03,540 --> 00:49:06,060 fought they fought and they died 1064 00:49:06,060 --> 00:49:08,700 see on Far foreign field from Dunkel to 1065 00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:11,339 Belgrade like the Warriors and Chiefs of 1066 00:49:11,339 --> 00:49:14,180 the Irish brigades and I think that if 1067 00:49:14,180 --> 00:49:16,560 Ireland is looking for a Warriors and 1068 00:49:16,560 --> 00:49:20,280 Chiefs who died on on the fields of 1069 00:49:20,280 --> 00:49:21,660 Spain 1070 00:49:21,660 --> 00:49:25,920 to people like Peter Peter Daly 1071 00:49:25,920 --> 00:49:29,880 kit Conway Jack naulty and palisova 1072 00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:32,480 Joshua Chiefs 1073 00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:36,000 blue shirts blue shirt and if you want 1074 00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:37,980 if you want the warrior you didn't claim 1075 00:49:37,980 --> 00:49:39,720 to be Chiefs 1076 00:49:39,720 --> 00:49:42,480 we're all over Spain married the Grays 1077 00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:43,859 are better though they're buried in 1078 00:49:43,859 --> 00:49:46,079 Graves all over Spain and I think if if 1079 00:49:46,079 --> 00:49:49,140 Ireland is going to consider that she 1080 00:49:49,140 --> 00:49:52,140 has that she had an Irish Brigade there 1081 00:49:52,140 --> 00:49:54,119 that she had wild geese there 1082 00:49:54,119 --> 00:49:56,400 the title belongs to the Republican side 1083 00:49:56,400 --> 00:49:58,680 not to Duffy's me 1084 00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:01,200 Irishman we're still fighting and dying 1085 00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:03,119 in Spain with the international Brigade 1086 00:50:03,119 --> 00:50:05,460 they fought and died at brunette in the 1087 00:50:05,460 --> 00:50:07,560 Aragon where Frank Ryan was captured at 1088 00:50:07,560 --> 00:50:09,960 Belle [ __ ] and Quinto and carowell as 1089 00:50:09,960 --> 00:50:12,359 the battles continue to cross the land 1090 00:50:12,359 --> 00:50:14,640 and they were to die on the Ebro in the 1091 00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:16,200 last big action involving the 1092 00:50:16,200 --> 00:50:18,780 international Brigade The Ebro was a 1093 00:50:18,780 --> 00:50:20,640 final desperate attempt to gain ground 1094 00:50:20,640 --> 00:50:22,500 for The Battered Republic and at first 1095 00:50:22,500 --> 00:50:24,839 it looked as if it would succeed again 1096 00:50:24,839 --> 00:50:27,119 the fight was fierce of the 1097 00:50:27,119 --> 00:50:28,680 international Brigade man who crossed 1098 00:50:28,680 --> 00:50:32,040 the Ebro 75 fell and for some of them 1099 00:50:32,040 --> 00:50:34,740 the Ebro was a first taste of battle 1100 00:50:34,740 --> 00:50:37,740 everybody suffer some I didn't 1101 00:50:37,740 --> 00:50:41,160 from being scarcity in the sort of the 1102 00:50:41,160 --> 00:50:43,079 first impression or the cracking of the 1103 00:50:43,079 --> 00:50:45,780 bullets like whips actually near my ears 1104 00:50:45,780 --> 00:50:49,260 then the artillery barrage and so on and 1105 00:50:49,260 --> 00:50:52,319 oh I think for each person it's an 1106 00:50:52,319 --> 00:50:54,599 individual coming to terms with the 1107 00:50:54,599 --> 00:50:57,300 reality the battle and 1108 00:50:57,300 --> 00:50:59,099 everybody comes to terms I think in the 1109 00:50:59,099 --> 00:51:01,140 wrong way and in a different way 1110 00:51:01,140 --> 00:51:03,780 a monument Rises out of the river Ebro 1111 00:51:03,780 --> 00:51:05,760 to commemorate one of the last great 1112 00:51:05,760 --> 00:51:08,460 battles of the war and here another 1113 00:51:08,460 --> 00:51:11,099 Monument this one marks General Franco's 1114 00:51:11,099 --> 00:51:15,000 command post near the town of Gandesa it 1115 00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:18,180 was a battle in which 150 000 men died 1116 00:51:18,180 --> 00:51:21,000 and that included about a dozen Irishmen 1117 00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:22,980 but it 1118 00:51:22,980 --> 00:51:24,839 the of a river the battle of the river 1119 00:51:24,839 --> 00:51:29,220 Ebro it was a battle of valleys Hills of 1120 00:51:29,220 --> 00:51:31,980 mountain peaks and this particular Peak 1121 00:51:31,980 --> 00:51:34,440 over here became quite notorious this is 1122 00:51:34,440 --> 00:51:38,160 the infamous Hill 481 we called it the 1123 00:51:38,160 --> 00:51:39,660 pimple because of the construction of 1124 00:51:39,660 --> 00:51:42,059 the Hill itself and for seven days we 1125 00:51:42,059 --> 00:51:45,540 were on the hill lapsed 40 had won and I 1126 00:51:45,540 --> 00:51:48,300 used to have to go run down the hill of 1127 00:51:48,300 --> 00:51:50,359 the valley and attack four he had one 1128 00:51:50,359 --> 00:51:52,440 which was in a commanding position 1129 00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:56,220 heavily fortified and if we had one 1130 00:51:56,220 --> 00:51:58,020 anti-tank gun it would have been 1131 00:51:58,020 --> 00:51:59,760 possible actually to knuckle that hill 1132 00:51:59,760 --> 00:52:02,099 but not having any anti-tank guns we 1133 00:52:02,099 --> 00:52:04,380 were depending upon the the maximum 1134 00:52:04,380 --> 00:52:06,780 machine guns and our own rifles as well 1135 00:52:06,780 --> 00:52:09,420 today and grenade to try and take it so 1136 00:52:09,420 --> 00:52:13,200 on August the 1st 1938 Bank Holiday by 1137 00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:14,880 the way at that time it was actually the 1138 00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:17,700 bank holiday it was very warm day at 1139 00:52:17,700 --> 00:52:21,300 least in 481 anyway uh the I was wounded 1140 00:52:21,300 --> 00:52:23,520 in the last attack and then we would run 1141 00:52:23,520 --> 00:52:25,319 because it was reckon it was impossible 1142 00:52:25,319 --> 00:52:29,579 to take the position for rifle machines 1143 00:52:29,579 --> 00:52:32,400 men had come from 29 different countries 1144 00:52:32,400 --> 00:52:34,559 to fight in the international brigades 1145 00:52:34,559 --> 00:52:37,140 they had fought on all fronts and their 1146 00:52:37,140 --> 00:52:39,359 casualties were appalling they had seen 1147 00:52:39,359 --> 00:52:41,099 their friends die and had killed and 1148 00:52:41,099 --> 00:52:43,500 battled themselves they had seen and 1149 00:52:43,500 --> 00:52:45,300 done things which they would never 1150 00:52:45,300 --> 00:52:46,559 forget 1151 00:52:46,559 --> 00:52:48,260 the war did 1152 00:52:48,260 --> 00:52:51,000 did some did something to me that that 1153 00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:52,339 can perhaps 1154 00:52:52,339 --> 00:52:55,319 had a bad bad effect in a way personally 1155 00:52:55,319 --> 00:52:58,980 uh eventually it belongs no matter how 1156 00:52:58,980 --> 00:53:01,079 good the calls you're fighting on it it 1157 00:53:01,079 --> 00:53:03,420 plunges sensibility blood is your view 1158 00:53:03,420 --> 00:53:05,880 of your feelings of indignation of the 1159 00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:08,460 negative Justice and so on that and I 1160 00:53:08,460 --> 00:53:12,059 had come to be indifferent about well 1161 00:53:12,059 --> 00:53:16,760 our other callous the callus about 1162 00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:20,579 casualties beside me because they could 1163 00:53:20,579 --> 00:53:22,500 survive and kind of indifferent even to 1164 00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:24,900 my own Survival 1165 00:53:24,900 --> 00:53:26,420 this is 1166 00:53:26,420 --> 00:53:29,400 this is very badly ever since an 1167 00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,020 importance of War probably the most 1168 00:53:31,020 --> 00:53:34,260 abiding memory is the faces of the of 1169 00:53:34,260 --> 00:53:37,380 three five men are killed who had 1170 00:53:37,380 --> 00:53:40,020 attacked attacked our position with hand 1171 00:53:40,020 --> 00:53:45,660 grenades and I I had a throne and thrown 1172 00:53:45,660 --> 00:53:47,940 hand grenades at them 1173 00:53:47,940 --> 00:53:51,359 and while while even while one of the 1174 00:53:51,359 --> 00:53:53,640 hand grenades was at the foot of one of 1175 00:53:53,640 --> 00:53:56,339 flowers the fascists I could see their 1176 00:53:56,339 --> 00:53:58,040 faces so clearly 1177 00:53:58,040 --> 00:54:00,359 then a 1178 00:54:00,359 --> 00:54:02,579 handsome young fellas who we might be 1179 00:54:02,579 --> 00:54:05,819 just like any of our own Spanish lads 1180 00:54:05,819 --> 00:54:08,240 then the explosion 1181 00:54:08,240 --> 00:54:11,220 and that's a true the second hand 1182 00:54:11,220 --> 00:54:12,599 grenade 1183 00:54:12,599 --> 00:54:15,920 they were no longer there 1184 00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:20,050 [Music] 1185 00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:22,440 something I'd like to point out here 1186 00:54:22,440 --> 00:54:24,480 because I think it's very important as 1187 00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:26,359 far as 1188 00:54:26,359 --> 00:54:28,619 Spain and the international Brigade is 1189 00:54:28,619 --> 00:54:32,040 concerned you see they at this time the 1190 00:54:32,040 --> 00:54:35,579 the Spaniards were actually moving 1191 00:54:35,579 --> 00:54:37,680 Spanish troops into the international 1192 00:54:37,680 --> 00:54:39,660 brigades to reinforce them as we're 1193 00:54:39,660 --> 00:54:41,099 getting very difficult to get them from 1194 00:54:41,099 --> 00:54:43,740 abroad and if you see the real role of 1195 00:54:43,740 --> 00:54:45,119 the international Brigade which is not 1196 00:54:45,119 --> 00:54:48,900 or just fighting they fought out they 1197 00:54:48,900 --> 00:54:51,000 had a special role in Spain 1198 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:52,619 international Brigade and of course the 1199 00:54:52,619 --> 00:54:55,380 Irish with them but this was their real 1200 00:54:55,380 --> 00:54:57,780 role there that the Spanish government 1201 00:54:57,780 --> 00:55:00,420 could say well here we have a a body of 1202 00:55:00,420 --> 00:55:03,839 men who are loyal to nobody but us 1203 00:55:03,839 --> 00:55:05,940 you see they've come to fight for Spain 1204 00:55:05,940 --> 00:55:07,559 and this is where they differ actually 1205 00:55:07,559 --> 00:55:09,839 from how Duffy's crowd the thing is that 1206 00:55:09,839 --> 00:55:12,420 our Duffy's crowd went to Spain and they 1207 00:55:12,420 --> 00:55:14,280 need not have gone 1208 00:55:14,280 --> 00:55:16,559 but the end was near for the brigades in 1209 00:55:16,559 --> 00:55:18,660 October 1938 the League of Nations 1210 00:55:18,660 --> 00:55:20,880 supervised the withdrawal of all foreign 1211 00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:23,160 volunteers they were men of all classes 1212 00:55:23,160 --> 00:55:25,559 of many Creeds and of none without them 1213 00:55:25,559 --> 00:55:27,420 Spain could not have continued the fight 1214 00:55:27,420 --> 00:55:29,480 in the early days of the war 1215 00:55:29,480 --> 00:55:32,220 150 Irishmen were among their number and 1216 00:55:32,220 --> 00:55:34,140 60 of these were killed in Spain where 1217 00:55:34,140 --> 00:55:38,220 they still lie their graves unmarked 1218 00:55:38,220 --> 00:55:41,280 60 dead on their leader Frank Ryan in a 1219 00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,079 Spanish prison and you cannot discuss 1220 00:55:43,079 --> 00:55:45,000 the Irish in Spain without touching on 1221 00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:47,520 these strange Enigma of Frank Ryan the 1222 00:55:47,520 --> 00:55:49,260 charismatic socialist republican from 1223 00:55:49,260 --> 00:55:52,079 limnick captured on the Aragon front in 1224 00:55:52,079 --> 00:55:54,780 March 1938 Ryan was the outstanding 1225 00:55:54,780 --> 00:55:57,059 Irish leader in Spain a man who's 1226 00:55:57,059 --> 00:55:59,339 imprisonment by Franco caused the Irish 1227 00:55:59,339 --> 00:56:00,900 government and even the Vatican to 1228 00:56:00,900 --> 00:56:03,300 negotiate for his release 1229 00:56:03,300 --> 00:56:05,220 he had been sentenced to death but 1230 00:56:05,220 --> 00:56:06,900 International agitation had this 1231 00:56:06,900 --> 00:56:10,079 commuter to 30 years in Burgos prison in 1232 00:56:10,079 --> 00:56:12,780 jail Ryan was a sick man aware at first 1233 00:56:12,780 --> 00:56:14,640 that efforts were being made in Ireland 1234 00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:16,980 and in Spain to have him released one 1235 00:56:16,980 --> 00:56:18,780 man who was with him in Burgos was the 1236 00:56:18,780 --> 00:56:21,599 Welsh miners leader Tom Jones he got a 1237 00:56:21,599 --> 00:56:24,599 little unhappy and felt that either a 1238 00:56:24,599 --> 00:56:26,819 the other government wasn't trying hard 1239 00:56:26,819 --> 00:56:28,619 enough or that they couldn't persuade 1240 00:56:28,619 --> 00:56:31,500 Franco to get him out and then he had 1241 00:56:31,500 --> 00:56:32,819 other thoughts in his mind there might 1242 00:56:32,819 --> 00:56:35,099 be other people in Dublin in the Dublin 1243 00:56:35,099 --> 00:56:37,859 government even and or even in some 1244 00:56:37,859 --> 00:56:39,839 other organization who would not want 1245 00:56:39,839 --> 00:56:43,319 him back in in the Republic 1246 00:56:43,319 --> 00:56:45,480 Jones was eventually released leaving 1247 00:56:45,480 --> 00:56:47,760 Ryan behind him and he went to Dublin 1248 00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:50,940 ostensibly to see Ryan's family but I 1249 00:56:50,940 --> 00:56:52,859 was actually conveying a message from 1250 00:56:52,859 --> 00:56:55,380 Frank Ryan to a number of people 1251 00:56:55,380 --> 00:56:58,380 including the IRA and one of the 1252 00:56:58,380 --> 00:57:00,480 messages was that if Frank wasn't 1253 00:57:00,480 --> 00:57:03,059 released within six months that the 1254 00:57:03,059 --> 00:57:06,000 request that Frank requested the IRA to 1255 00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:07,559 blow up every Spanish Embassy in the 1256 00:57:07,559 --> 00:57:08,760 western world 1257 00:57:08,760 --> 00:57:11,880 in August 1940 Frank Ryan was released 1258 00:57:11,880 --> 00:57:13,859 from prison but not to return to Ireland 1259 00:57:13,859 --> 00:57:16,020 for some reason still utterly mysterious 1260 00:57:16,020 --> 00:57:18,540 he turned up in Nazi Germany today to 1261 00:57:18,540 --> 00:57:20,940 this day his old comrades don't know why 1262 00:57:20,940 --> 00:57:24,720 he was taken there but when I uh heard 1263 00:57:24,720 --> 00:57:26,280 that he was in Germany that he'd got 1264 00:57:26,280 --> 00:57:27,660 into Germany 1265 00:57:27,660 --> 00:57:29,280 I was really puzzled and I could only 1266 00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:30,839 think well somebody's forced him to go 1267 00:57:30,839 --> 00:57:34,020 to Germany either Franco site or 1268 00:57:34,020 --> 00:57:36,900 somebody in Dublin has said you will get 1269 00:57:36,900 --> 00:57:38,220 you released from Spain but you can't 1270 00:57:38,220 --> 00:57:40,619 come home to The Republic you must go to 1271 00:57:40,619 --> 00:57:42,980 Germany and 1272 00:57:42,980 --> 00:57:45,720 there were a number of factors which 1273 00:57:45,720 --> 00:57:47,819 made it very difficult for me to 1274 00:57:47,819 --> 00:57:50,099 understand and even still I still feel 1275 00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:53,660 Frank didn't want to go to Germany but 1276 00:58:04,460 --> 00:58:08,099 having been recruited by digestable who 1277 00:58:08,099 --> 00:58:09,180 did interview 1278 00:58:09,180 --> 00:58:11,940 they have to interviewed all of us but 1279 00:58:11,940 --> 00:58:14,040 we could never accept this now believe 1280 00:58:14,040 --> 00:58:16,920 it that uh Franklin effect in this way I 1281 00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:18,540 mystery to you to this day a mystery to 1282 00:58:18,540 --> 00:58:20,460 all of us indeed and I don't think we've 1283 00:58:20,460 --> 00:58:23,400 got the full story of why Frank uh got 1284 00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:24,900 to Germany why he was forced to go there 1285 00:58:24,900 --> 00:58:27,480 because he certainly didn't go he loved 1286 00:58:27,480 --> 00:58:29,160 this country island he was a great Irish 1287 00:58:29,160 --> 00:58:30,599 Patriot and this was his greatest 1288 00:58:30,599 --> 00:58:32,460 ambition to come home to die if he had 1289 00:58:32,460 --> 00:58:34,200 to die and he didn't want to die 1290 00:58:34,200 --> 00:58:36,420 anywhere else but the man who rallied 1291 00:58:36,420 --> 00:58:38,520 the Republicans at the harama was to die 1292 00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:40,799 far from Ireland he died and dressed in 1293 00:58:40,799 --> 00:58:46,280 the 1944 his grave of to Old comrades 1294 00:58:46,380 --> 00:58:49,079 the international Brigade the man who 1295 00:58:49,079 --> 00:58:51,240 had fought in the city Sierras had 1296 00:58:51,240 --> 00:58:53,579 played their part in a war which brought 1297 00:58:53,579 --> 00:58:56,220 defeat to their side they had learned in 1298 00:58:56,220 --> 00:58:58,200 Spain that a man can fight for what he 1299 00:58:58,200 --> 00:59:00,720 believes is right and yet be beaten but 1300 00:59:00,720 --> 00:59:03,240 force can Vanquish spirit that courage 1301 00:59:03,240 --> 00:59:05,760 alone is not enough 1302 00:59:05,760 --> 00:59:08,520 this explains perhaps why so many men in 1303 00:59:08,520 --> 00:59:10,920 the world over regard the Spanish drama 1304 00:59:10,920 --> 00:59:14,420 as a personal tragedy 1305 00:59:15,660 --> 00:59:18,420 in Spain were spared one horror of a 1306 00:59:18,420 --> 00:59:20,520 civil war they never had to face each 1307 00:59:20,520 --> 00:59:21,720 other in battle 1308 00:59:21,720 --> 00:59:23,579 I believe that I went there sincerely 1309 00:59:23,579 --> 00:59:25,980 but if I came there would be no 1310 00:59:25,980 --> 00:59:28,500 compulsion I know education and also 1311 00:59:28,500 --> 00:59:30,240 they were on the side of fascism and we 1312 00:59:30,240 --> 00:59:31,460 were fighting 1313 00:59:31,460 --> 00:59:35,280 uh I feel so much that that there was 1314 00:59:35,280 --> 00:59:37,680 um fighting against 1315 00:59:37,680 --> 00:59:41,880 my own Irish men but then there was uh 1316 00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:44,359 Spanish 1317 00:59:45,260 --> 00:59:48,180 for a different idea 1318 00:59:48,180 --> 00:59:50,280 yes I would have fought them only 1319 00:59:50,280 --> 00:59:51,839 singers I'm afraid I didn't do much 1320 00:59:51,839 --> 00:59:54,119 fighting you know I shouldn't think it 1321 00:59:54,119 --> 00:59:55,140 was possible that we would have met 1322 00:59:55,140 --> 00:59:56,700 though doofy's people 1323 00:59:56,700 --> 00:59:59,400 and had to fight them but had it been 1324 00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:00,960 possible 1325 01:00:00,960 --> 01:00:04,460 well there were fascists weren't they 1326 01:00:04,460 --> 01:00:06,660 sincerely regret it I would still have 1327 01:00:06,660 --> 01:00:09,480 found it my duty it was still Reds and I 1328 01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:12,299 would call this has a horrible thing 1329 01:00:12,299 --> 01:00:15,119 that killed my neighbor's children but 1330 01:00:15,119 --> 01:00:17,900 she would have done it 1331 01:00:21,740 --> 01:00:24,059 was the fight you thought they are worth 1332 01:00:24,059 --> 01:00:26,460 it was it was it a worthwhile right I 1333 01:00:26,460 --> 01:00:28,200 would say it was it was for the 1334 01:00:28,200 --> 01:00:31,319 Christian faith and if we are only or if 1335 01:00:31,319 --> 01:00:33,059 the Spaniards hadn't fought anyone as 1336 01:00:33,059 --> 01:00:36,000 they did then uh Spain would have been 1337 01:00:36,000 --> 01:00:37,740 kind of belong to the Communist blood 1338 01:00:37,740 --> 01:00:40,799 today France would have gone easily the 1339 01:00:40,799 --> 01:00:42,960 whole of Europe would be in the hands of 1340 01:00:42,960 --> 01:00:45,720 of Soviet Russia it's the one thing in 1341 01:00:45,720 --> 01:00:48,119 my life of course it stands out 1342 01:00:48,119 --> 01:00:50,640 it was two years almost two years and 1343 01:00:50,640 --> 01:00:54,859 two long hard years but uh 1344 01:00:55,559 --> 01:00:59,220 I liked it in in its way you know as 1345 01:00:59,220 --> 01:01:01,079 well as you can like our chip anyway but 1346 01:01:01,079 --> 01:01:03,180 I I liked it I'm glad I went 1347 01:01:03,180 --> 01:01:05,099 about its Horrors 1348 01:01:05,099 --> 01:01:08,819 oh yes yes but uh no that wasn't the 1349 01:01:08,819 --> 01:01:10,200 question you asked me you asked me if I 1350 01:01:10,200 --> 01:01:12,359 would go again not if I would want to 1351 01:01:12,359 --> 01:01:14,760 see the horrors again no I 1352 01:01:14,760 --> 01:01:16,319 I wouldn't want to see all those Horrors 1353 01:01:16,319 --> 01:01:17,160 again 1354 01:01:17,160 --> 01:01:19,619 I would never Advocate anybody else to 1355 01:01:19,619 --> 01:01:21,599 go to war I never liked I'm not one of 1356 01:01:21,599 --> 01:01:23,040 these people to say I would have missed 1357 01:01:23,040 --> 01:01:24,839 it for the world because I think anybody 1358 01:01:24,839 --> 01:01:27,000 who gets a real basement Boulevard 1359 01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,760 would never want to go again but if 1360 01:01:29,760 --> 01:01:31,079 there was an assessment for people 1361 01:01:31,079 --> 01:01:33,240 participate in a military sense to 1362 01:01:33,240 --> 01:01:35,579 become involved again 1363 01:01:35,579 --> 01:01:39,299 I wouldn't I would I would uh I wouldn't 1364 01:01:39,299 --> 01:01:41,220 be fit to do it obviously in the same 1365 01:01:41,220 --> 01:01:43,740 way but intellectually my feeling as 1366 01:01:43,740 --> 01:01:46,980 such I couldn't do anything I would 1367 01:01:46,980 --> 01:01:50,119 we have a song you remember the old film 1368 01:01:50,119 --> 01:01:52,380 where you may have their likes but we'll 1369 01:01:52,380 --> 01:01:53,880 never have battle 1370 01:01:53,880 --> 01:01:56,040 well that's what I feel about them 1371 01:01:56,040 --> 01:01:58,760 they're a fine body of matter 1372 01:01:58,760 --> 01:02:01,890 bloody owners are fine with them 1373 01:02:01,890 --> 01:02:03,740 [Music] 1374 01:02:03,740 --> 01:02:06,180 Franco commemorated the dead of the 1375 01:02:06,180 --> 01:02:07,920 Spanish Civil War here at the Valley of 1376 01:02:07,920 --> 01:02:09,780 the fall and outside Madrid and it's 1377 01:02:09,780 --> 01:02:12,240 here that he himself is buried the 1378 01:02:12,240 --> 01:02:13,859 generally accepted figure for the dead 1379 01:02:13,859 --> 01:02:16,260 is one million a conveniently round 1380 01:02:16,260 --> 01:02:18,359 figure which seems to suit both Victor 1381 01:02:18,359 --> 01:02:20,760 and vanquished the nationalists can 1382 01:02:20,760 --> 01:02:22,680 argue that they saved Spain from 1383 01:02:22,680 --> 01:02:24,720 communism at the cost of a Million Lives 1384 01:02:24,720 --> 01:02:27,299 the Republicans would say that Franco 1385 01:02:27,299 --> 01:02:30,780 climbed to power over a million Corpses 1386 01:02:30,780 --> 01:02:33,119 they're all remembered here the dead of 1387 01:02:33,119 --> 01:02:37,040 both sides Irish men among them 1388 01:02:40,640 --> 01:02:44,339 their Epitaph was spoken by a former 1389 01:02:44,339 --> 01:02:46,500 president of the Spanish Republic when 1390 01:02:46,500 --> 01:02:49,319 he said when the torch passes to other 1391 01:02:49,319 --> 01:02:51,780 hands to other men to other Generations 1392 01:02:51,780 --> 01:02:54,359 let them remember if they feel their 1393 01:02:54,359 --> 01:02:56,819 blood boil and the Spanish temper is 1394 01:02:56,819 --> 01:02:59,280 once more infuriated with intolerance 1395 01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:01,859 hatred and destruction let them think of 1396 01:03:01,859 --> 01:03:04,680 the dead and listen to their lesson the 1397 01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:07,020 lesson of those who have bravely fallen 1398 01:03:07,020 --> 01:03:09,780 in battle generously fighting for a 1399 01:03:09,780 --> 01:03:12,000 great ideal unto now protected by their 1400 01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:15,299 maternal soil feel no hate or ranker and 1401 01:03:15,299 --> 01:03:17,579 who sand us with the sparkling of their 1402 01:03:17,579 --> 01:03:19,440 light tranquil and remote as that of a 1403 01:03:19,440 --> 01:03:21,540 star the message of the Eternal 1404 01:03:21,540 --> 01:03:24,299 Fatherland which says to all men 1405 01:03:24,299 --> 01:03:29,420 peace pity and pardon 1406 01:03:31,819 --> 01:03:37,940 you never behind happy with strangers 1407 01:03:37,940 --> 01:03:42,799 they would not understand 1408 01:03:52,380 --> 01:03:55,380 patiently 1409 01:04:01,440 --> 01:04:04,280 where if you happen 97156

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