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an old man goes every day to pray to a
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church in the Spanish city of casares to
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pray for Irishmen who died 40 years ago
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a flag flutters over the barrel Valley
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and another old man in the uniform of
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the Irish Brigade of the Spanish Foreign
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Legion hoists the flag of Spain and
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remembers a war in another Valley a
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thousand miles away and 40 years ago
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[Applause]
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every bullet that I would fire would be
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a bullet against the Dublin Captain's
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class and the
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slum landlords
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when I bear them not the slightest
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animosity but I still cannot find out
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how there could have a legitimate reason
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for choosing Moscow as their Master when
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I selected Rome as mine well yes please
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remember ambition for Sharp churches
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were burdened but this happened on both
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sides yes of course such a sand of
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course from that point of view to a
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field that there was a couple of
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hundreds of them there but uh Diana was
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on our side I think that we were
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fighting for Christianity and they were
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fighting for the this is for the
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disestablishment of the Catholic Church
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that when you walked into this war it
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was not a little war it was a it was a
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big war being fought in a big way
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[Music]
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up and an island to the Spanish Civil
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War was a war of fierce passions
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democracy was under attack by a
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rebellious Army aided by the fascist
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powers or the church was being crushed
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by the forces of antichrist between
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these two ideologies there were a
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thousand shades of black and white and
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gray and red
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an Irishman fought and died on both
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sides in Spain
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an Olive Grove in the harama valley
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south of Madrid nearly 40 years ago two
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great armies fought over this ground and
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in 10 days of vicious and bloody
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fighting 45
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000 of them were killed including 22
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Irishmen one of them was Charlie
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Donnelly the young Arma poet he and the
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section had Run for Cover into an Olive
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Grove and Donnelly bent down and picked
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up a bunch of Olives he squeezed them
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and said even the olives are bleeding a
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minute later a bullet hit him in the
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head and he's buried now beneath those
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olive trees
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[Music]
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[Music]
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the 30s were the years of the blue
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shirts in Ireland and they brought in
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their Trail bitterness and strife and
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bloody street battles in Dublin and
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elsewhere their Origins were in the Army
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comrades Association later to become the
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National Guard founded in 1932 by former
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free state army men most of them Civil
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War veterans
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by 1933 the association's membership and
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influence had spread throughout Ireland
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and they had adopted the blue shirt
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uniform
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in the 1933 elections the blue shirts
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were the self-appointed Guardians of the
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coming ale meetings and at many they
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left broken heads behind them they
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marched as soldiers and their declared
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enemies were Republicans who their
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leaders proclaimed were Communists they
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saw Reds round every corner and indeed
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they were encouraged in this Hysteria by
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the pastors of many a bishop and the
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preaching of many a parish priest
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the friends of Ireland Will Rejoice with
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us it was a Witch Hunt which was
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condemned by Eamon de Valera and his new
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Fiona fall government
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and in 1933 the blue shirts got a new
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leader
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and I must be very careful that I'm not
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taken up by some no consecutive here in
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the fall for contempt the court
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in the last General Ono Duffy a former
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deputy chief of staff of the Free State
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Army and for 10 years commissioner of
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the gardenia Corner Huntley was sacked
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by divalera in 1932
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Destinies of your country Duffy was a
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man of action with the Flair for
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publicity and some organizational
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ability he had molded the Civic guard
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into an instrument of government and had
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helped organize the Eucharistic Congress
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in 1932.
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go over the leadership of the blue
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shirts with their new constitution full
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of pietistic zeal and newly opened not
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just to ex-soldiers but to all Irish
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Christians within weeks o'duffy was
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virtually the leader of the opposition
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to Fina fall and devalera banned the
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blue shirts the National Guard is
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strongly opposed to anything flavoring
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of a dictatorship they lasted until
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early 1936 under a variety of names but
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their power was really broken in 1934 by
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internal dissensions caused mainly by
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oduffy's personality and lack of
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political experience by the finafold ban
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and possibly by losing Street battles to
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support the National Guard in reaching
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the goal of Griffith Collins and
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o'higans
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Duffy went around Europe attending
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fascist congresses and dreaming of the
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ideal of the corporate State until he
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got the call in 1936 to form an Irish
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Brigade to fight for Franco in the
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Spanish Civil War which began in July of
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that year
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it was an invitation which appealed to
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everything that was romantic and
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crusading you know Duffy's Restless
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nature
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the war in Spain was begun by an army
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Revolt led by General Franco against the
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left-wing popular front government which
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won the 1936 general election since
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February of that year there had been
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riots and church burnings and
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assassinations and the forces of left
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and right were gathering strength on the
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right the Stanley authoritarian
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combination of church and Army and the
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falange the Spanish fascist party on the
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left the legally and democratically
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elected popular front socialists
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liberals Communists trade unionists
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anarchists
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in mid-july Franco and his Moorish
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troops were invading Spain from North
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Africa and Military governors in
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different parts of Spain declared for
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one side or the other the bulk of them
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joining the forces of rebellion
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three years of cruel War had begun
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foreign
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it was a war which was to involve most
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European nations a war which for the
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first time was to see the use of air
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power against military and civilians it
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is to be a war of incredible bitterness
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of appalling acts and viciousness on
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both sides a war of great heroics and
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idealism
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it was a war which was to illustrate
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once more the Furia Espanola that
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cruelty in the Spanish nature as old
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scores were fearsomely settled
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it was a war which lasted until March
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1939 and the fall of Madrid
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for Franco generalissimon head of state
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Victory without generosity and a
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terrible Revenge thousands were executed
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a million were exiled or imprisoned
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but in 1936 Irishmen were preparing to
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go to Spain some to join o'duffy's
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Brigade and fight for Franco others to
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join the international Brigade and fight
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for the Republic Terry Flanagan former
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Bakery worker wounded near Madrid 1937.
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today a public relations man in 1936 a
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member of Sir era we had been reading
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for a couple of months before I went out
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there of this Democratic Republic being
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assailed on all sides by Hitler and
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Mussolini and Franco
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and being a Republican
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I thought it'd be a Dreadful thing that
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if this Republic went down without me
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giving one helping hand to save her
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Joe monks Dubliner now working in London
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wounded at lepera December 1936 a former
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member of the Communist Party those of
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us who had
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come to the 30s and unemployment and so
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forth I knew they want
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that came in the wake of the great stump
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in 1929 were very
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enthusiastic
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I'd seen the working class as the ruling
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class inside the Western European state
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Frank Edwards a school teacher from
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Waterford one of the first to go to
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Spain with Frank Ryan wounded at Las
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Rosas not far from Madrid a member of
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the Republican Congress
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here were
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Duffy's of his swashbucklers going after
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going after Spain to to fight prices and
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we felt that was the only way to the
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only place to fight him was there since
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it's impossible to do anything we felt
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come completely frustrated and of no
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hope of mounting any kind of resistance
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to this overwhelming wave of fascism
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foreign
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Dubliner now a shop steward in London
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captured on the Arrogant front with
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Frank Ryan 1938. I thought that uh
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with a struggle going on there and the
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support of the Martin Murphy press who
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owned the Press of course and of course
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the Dublin tramways at the time that
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these were heavily on the side of the
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Franco of the generals in Spain right
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from the beginning Alec Diggs Dublin are
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now living in London former Secretary of
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the international Brigade Association
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went on to fight the Germans in the
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second world war and lost a leg we went
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there rather failing to be quite honest
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it was a bit of a suicide mission but
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uh
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well we were young and idealistic I
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don't mean on a blue-eyed sense but for
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in the good sense of the word
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and so it seemed the logical thing to do
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so we went
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Michael o'riordan General Secretary of
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the Communist Party of Ireland wounded
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on the abro 1938 has written a history
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of the Irish in the international
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Brigade
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I decided to go to Spain because I saw
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the Spanish table as a continuation with
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struggle here and I saw it as a
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universal struggle in the waters of one
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of the champions of Republican Spain I'm
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quoting a priest now for a change uh
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Father Michael of Flanagan uh that it
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was a war of the rich against the poor
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and therefore one's duty was to assist
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the poor since they were receiving no
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assistance from anybody
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patio dare Donegal man and Battalion
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Commander with the international Brigade
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now living in Wales spent two years in
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Spain both all causes a worldwide anyway
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freedom is indivisible isn't it and if
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if a man fights for freedom in in one
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place he's fine but everywhere
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oh Duffy's man quite obviously had
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different motives as strong indeed as
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many of the Republicans some went to
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fight against communism others from a
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sense of adventure there were men like
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George Timlin now a Dublin Jeweler an
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NCO in the Irish Army a lieutenant with
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the Spanish Bandera LED his man over the
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top at siempasuelas why did he go
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spiritual Adventure
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and to oblige a friend who was the
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friend
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well how were you obliging him in what
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way he asked me would I like to go
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00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:10,800
and I thought he would be pleased to
280
00:13:10,800 --> 00:13:12,300
have me otherwise he wouldn't have asked
281
00:13:12,300 --> 00:13:13,320
me
282
00:13:13,320 --> 00:13:16,920
messages yet you of course were a former
283
00:13:16,920 --> 00:13:20,639
soldier in the Army here I was yes
284
00:13:20,639 --> 00:13:22,500
so you felt that you would like to get
285
00:13:22,500 --> 00:13:24,240
out and do some fighting in Spain the
286
00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,480
very thing were you therefore like some
287
00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:29,639
of the others imbued as it were with the
288
00:13:29,639 --> 00:13:31,380
spirit of Christ and fighting for
289
00:13:31,380 --> 00:13:33,060
Christianity did you did you have this
290
00:13:33,060 --> 00:13:34,380
feeling
291
00:13:34,380 --> 00:13:36,660
and not really at the commencement
292
00:13:36,660 --> 00:13:41,839
although such a spirit was encouraged
293
00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:44,399
Captain party Quinn veteran fighter of
294
00:13:44,399 --> 00:13:46,019
the war of independence and the Civil
295
00:13:46,019 --> 00:13:47,880
War now living in retirement in County
296
00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:51,680
Kilkenny communism was
297
00:13:51,680 --> 00:13:54,120
running right through the country and
298
00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:56,820
had to capture the greater part of Spain
299
00:13:56,820 --> 00:13:58,680
at the time
300
00:13:58,680 --> 00:14:03,240
when General Adolphus and daughters
301
00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:06,180
it appeared before volunteers there were
302
00:14:06,180 --> 00:14:08,420
some
303
00:14:08,940 --> 00:14:12,180
a couple of well-known Bishops at the
304
00:14:12,180 --> 00:14:13,440
time I suppose all the Bishops I
305
00:14:13,440 --> 00:14:14,579
wouldn't know him but there's a couple
306
00:14:14,579 --> 00:14:17,160
of Bishops anyway that
307
00:14:17,160 --> 00:14:20,339
um encouraged him not Doolan today a
308
00:14:20,339 --> 00:14:22,019
sales representative in his native pork
309
00:14:22,019 --> 00:14:25,200
in 1936 a Corporal with oduffy's Brigade
310
00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:28,019
in Spain I'm a great believer in the
311
00:14:28,019 --> 00:14:30,480
freedom of all religions and all on
312
00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:32,339
political expression but you considered
313
00:14:32,339 --> 00:14:33,839
yourself then and you obviously do now
314
00:14:33,839 --> 00:14:37,680
as a a very good Catholic I presume the
315
00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:39,300
sound let her say sound the sound
316
00:14:39,300 --> 00:14:40,860
Christian basically a sound Christian
317
00:14:40,860 --> 00:14:42,959
yeah well it wasn't Catholic all right
318
00:14:42,959 --> 00:14:45,120
was it Christianity or Catholicism that
319
00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,100
brought you to Spain Christianity
320
00:14:47,100 --> 00:14:48,779
what were the motives then that you do
321
00:14:48,779 --> 00:14:50,399
you think that that brought most of the
322
00:14:50,399 --> 00:14:52,199
Brigade out well was it again a spirit
323
00:14:52,199 --> 00:14:55,079
of Adventure uh mainly a spirit of
324
00:14:55,079 --> 00:14:57,120
Adventure as well as
325
00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,120
a mild host area in the sense that they
326
00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,540
listened to propaganda
327
00:15:03,540 --> 00:15:05,579
and it's very easy to become full of
328
00:15:05,579 --> 00:15:07,440
propaganda when you hear it and believe
329
00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,720
it even though it may not be altogether
330
00:15:09,720 --> 00:15:12,300
true in fact was it altogether true do
331
00:15:12,300 --> 00:15:14,459
you think it was
332
00:15:14,459 --> 00:15:16,220
mainly true
333
00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:18,240
unfortunately those that were not
334
00:15:18,240 --> 00:15:20,639
idealistic to go to mile more
335
00:15:20,639 --> 00:15:21,959
prominently than those who were
336
00:15:21,959 --> 00:15:24,839
idealists and it's about 20 percent of
337
00:15:24,839 --> 00:15:26,399
the legend out there went for various
338
00:15:26,399 --> 00:15:28,500
motives and it was quite obvious in
339
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:30,000
their behavior they took very little
340
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,459
interest in any idealism they went for
341
00:15:32,459 --> 00:15:33,779
various reasons some had different
342
00:15:33,779 --> 00:15:35,880
politics and had no Politics on her
343
00:15:35,880 --> 00:15:37,740
religion some had no religion they went
344
00:15:37,740 --> 00:15:39,180
out to material reasons and for
345
00:15:39,180 --> 00:15:41,699
excitement addition dependent 26th of
346
00:15:41,699 --> 00:15:45,180
October 1936. Ireland declares war on
347
00:15:45,180 --> 00:15:48,060
communism huge Dublin Duffy's recruiting
348
00:15:48,060 --> 00:15:49,980
campaign had the backing of the church
349
00:15:49,980 --> 00:15:52,620
and of the Irish independent although it
350
00:15:52,620 --> 00:15:55,079
had to be organized secretly oduffy's
351
00:15:55,079 --> 00:15:57,000
comings and goings to Spain were well
352
00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,699
publicized as were his appeals for Aid
353
00:15:59,699 --> 00:16:02,519
and for prayers money poured into the
354
00:16:02,519 --> 00:16:04,860
Enterprise as Catholic Ireland worked
355
00:16:04,860 --> 00:16:07,500
itself into a religious favor and oduffy
356
00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:09,779
had no difficulty in recruiting 700 men
357
00:16:09,779 --> 00:16:11,639
for his Brigade
358
00:16:11,639 --> 00:16:14,760
the blue ships were the Irish fascists I
359
00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:16,139
know some people say they weren't in
360
00:16:16,139 --> 00:16:19,459
fascists but I remember actually in 1934
361
00:16:19,459 --> 00:16:22,139
the recorded statement of the Johnny
362
00:16:22,139 --> 00:16:23,519
Costello
363
00:16:23,519 --> 00:16:25,620
no you know he became better on the
364
00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:28,199
tissue or the interpathy government and
365
00:16:28,199 --> 00:16:30,660
I quite vividly remember the rewards you
366
00:16:30,660 --> 00:16:32,760
said that the blue shots the black shots
367
00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:35,820
are triumphed literally the brown shots
368
00:16:35,820 --> 00:16:38,399
at Triumph in Germany and so assuredly
369
00:16:38,399 --> 00:16:40,920
were the blue shirts trying to man but
370
00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:42,899
not all of them were fascists or even
371
00:16:42,899 --> 00:16:45,120
blue shirts though some who sailed
372
00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:47,519
without Duffy were no doubt imbued with
373
00:16:47,519 --> 00:16:51,680
the barren ideals of fascism
374
00:16:53,220 --> 00:16:55,680
getting them out to Spain however was a
375
00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:57,480
chaotic business but eventually after
376
00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:00,540
many a misadventure the Bandera elandeza
377
00:17:00,540 --> 00:17:02,639
set out for Lisbon all route for Spain
378
00:17:02,639 --> 00:17:04,930
and a six-month tour of service
379
00:17:04,930 --> 00:17:13,049
[Music]
380
00:17:13,980 --> 00:17:16,500
Irishmen had taken Pat in the Crusades
381
00:17:16,500 --> 00:17:19,020
of other days and Irish Legion of today
382
00:17:19,020 --> 00:17:21,780
will please God lead in the match on
383
00:17:21,780 --> 00:17:24,119
Barcelona to the strains of the Faith of
384
00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:26,339
Our Fathers and placed the Cross of
385
00:17:26,339 --> 00:17:28,079
Christ the King High over that City
386
00:17:28,079 --> 00:17:30,540
where every priest has been slain
387
00:17:30,540 --> 00:17:34,580
where every church is in a shambles
388
00:17:37,170 --> 00:17:38,580
[Music]
389
00:17:38,580 --> 00:17:39,510
okay
390
00:17:39,510 --> 00:17:42,859
[Music]
391
00:18:02,060 --> 00:18:05,260
[Music]
392
00:18:07,260 --> 00:18:09,600
at Lisbon we found old Irish in the city
393
00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:12,299
and many Portuguese had assembled led by
394
00:18:12,299 --> 00:18:14,160
the Dominican father from Corpus Santo
395
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:17,480
father Paulo Sullivan
396
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:22,170
[Music]
397
00:18:25,320 --> 00:18:28,320
life
398
00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:37,630
[Music]
399
00:18:37,980 --> 00:18:40,500
and they saw the relic of the skulliffs
400
00:18:40,500 --> 00:18:43,559
and Bridget left in Lisbon in 1283 by
401
00:18:43,559 --> 00:18:47,539
Crusaders on their way to the Holy Land
402
00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:49,810
foreign
403
00:18:49,810 --> 00:18:55,820
[Music]
404
00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:04,880
ERS medals and prayer books to us
405
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:16,799
yet one of them said to me uh sister we
406
00:19:16,799 --> 00:19:18,240
hadn't come here for Holiday I would
407
00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:20,039
like you to know that we have come out
408
00:19:20,039 --> 00:19:22,200
here he said to fight for Spain and
409
00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:24,179
fight for religion and we remember he
410
00:19:24,179 --> 00:19:26,280
said all that we have suffered in the
411
00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:28,320
persecutions in Ireland and we don't
412
00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,020
mind we will give our lives for Spain he
413
00:19:31,020 --> 00:19:33,600
said and we remember also in the past
414
00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:36,840
that uh the Spanish the Spaniards helped
415
00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:39,000
us and they came over to Galway he said
416
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,039
and they were defeated he said there by
417
00:19:41,039 --> 00:19:42,840
the English but we will have our revenge
418
00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:45,480
now he said and we would we don't mind
419
00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:47,760
if we give all our lives and we're not
420
00:19:47,760 --> 00:19:49,260
coming he said we're coming here to
421
00:19:49,260 --> 00:19:51,720
fight religion for Ireland Father Paul
422
00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:53,820
wrote them down because Father Paul had
423
00:19:53,820 --> 00:19:56,160
great faith in our prayers and he broke
424
00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,020
down this group to make it more
425
00:19:58,020 --> 00:19:59,700
realistic for us so that we will pray
426
00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:01,980
for them and another said another one
427
00:20:01,980 --> 00:20:05,820
sister city to me sister we're going to
428
00:20:05,820 --> 00:20:09,780
shoot every damn red in Spain we won't
429
00:20:09,780 --> 00:20:12,000
leave one left and we'll come back with
430
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:15,559
a cockades he said on our head
431
00:20:15,679 --> 00:20:18,299
I remember the evening quite well that
432
00:20:18,299 --> 00:20:20,460
we were called to the great a tiny
433
00:20:20,460 --> 00:20:22,919
little parlor with the double bars and
434
00:20:22,919 --> 00:20:25,799
the crowd of Irish men outside with
435
00:20:25,799 --> 00:20:28,320
Father Paul and I pitted them because I
436
00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:31,080
said you're going to will endanger your
437
00:20:31,080 --> 00:20:33,120
lives and they said to me we are very
438
00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:34,980
glad of that sister that's what we came
439
00:20:34,980 --> 00:20:37,020
for we're coming to fight for religion
440
00:20:37,020 --> 00:20:39,360
and we don't want the Reds to conquer
441
00:20:39,360 --> 00:20:41,640
Spain Spain has always been a Catholic
442
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:44,280
country like Ireland and we are proud to
443
00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:47,039
go with our leader and they ask for our
444
00:20:47,039 --> 00:20:48,600
prayers and we promise that we pray for
445
00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:52,080
them and also yes the asperose rupees
446
00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,240
and we gave them Rose repeats and Medals
447
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:56,100
of Our Lady of good success and they
448
00:20:56,100 --> 00:20:58,380
were very happy very happy group and we
449
00:20:58,380 --> 00:21:00,000
were very pleased to meet them and
450
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,100
remember very well although it's a long
451
00:21:02,100 --> 00:21:03,360
time ago now
452
00:21:03,360 --> 00:21:05,820
but while old Duffy's man came to war in
453
00:21:05,820 --> 00:21:07,799
an organized body those who went to
454
00:21:07,799 --> 00:21:11,299
fight for the Republic did not
455
00:21:11,780 --> 00:21:14,760
for them getting to Spain often meant
456
00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:16,860
not just secrecy but a good deal of
457
00:21:16,860 --> 00:21:18,720
hardship as well
458
00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:20,960
it was a difficult long role because
459
00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:23,220
when I went there it was illegal for
460
00:21:23,220 --> 00:21:26,039
anybody to travel to spend uh this was
461
00:21:26,039 --> 00:21:28,140
the internal sort of legislation which
462
00:21:28,140 --> 00:21:30,740
arose from the fossil Islam intervention
463
00:21:30,740 --> 00:21:33,840
uh restriction on volunteers
464
00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:36,780
uh there was also the fact that uh the
465
00:21:36,780 --> 00:21:38,520
Spanish Republic itself was completely
466
00:21:38,520 --> 00:21:39,780
blockaded
467
00:21:39,780 --> 00:21:42,179
one couldn't go up to the Spanish border
468
00:21:42,179 --> 00:21:43,740
with a passport and say well I didn't
469
00:21:43,740 --> 00:21:46,500
have a passport recently so how I did it
470
00:21:46,500 --> 00:21:49,980
to go to London and they'll get awakened
471
00:21:49,980 --> 00:21:52,260
ticket which would enable me to stay in
472
00:21:52,260 --> 00:21:54,900
Paris for the weekend and there Amy had
473
00:21:54,900 --> 00:21:56,520
contact with the recruiting center of
474
00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:59,280
the Brigade it was all very very illegal
475
00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,860
to understand and then after a few days
476
00:22:01,860 --> 00:22:03,780
in Paris when we were briefed and what
477
00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:05,640
was there before us what we were likely
478
00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:08,340
to encounter and the last opportunity to
479
00:22:08,340 --> 00:22:10,940
step out by the way some people did
480
00:22:10,940 --> 00:22:13,620
these I'm saying this to mention that
481
00:22:13,620 --> 00:22:16,260
the the picture was given to us of
482
00:22:16,260 --> 00:22:18,360
conditions was an authentic realistic
483
00:22:18,360 --> 00:22:20,700
and honest depiction so there could be
484
00:22:20,700 --> 00:22:24,179
no Illusions for the actual conditions
485
00:22:24,179 --> 00:22:26,520
most of them were smuggled in over the
486
00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:28,500
Pyrenees and training for some of the
487
00:22:28,500 --> 00:22:30,840
Republicans was pathetic in terms of the
488
00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:33,000
war they were going to have to fight for
489
00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:35,220
most it could be measured in days rather
490
00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:36,419
than weeks
491
00:22:36,419 --> 00:22:39,360
uh we learned how to advance Under Fire
492
00:22:39,360 --> 00:22:42,120
how to retreat Under Fire how to take
493
00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:45,419
advantage of natural cover and things
494
00:22:45,419 --> 00:22:47,760
which really are rather Elementary
495
00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:49,440
and
496
00:22:49,440 --> 00:22:52,020
we've had 10 shots
497
00:22:52,020 --> 00:22:54,299
the rifle I think the first five scared
498
00:22:54,299 --> 00:22:56,760
me more they're not scared anyone else
499
00:22:56,760 --> 00:22:58,620
there was a fact of course that it
500
00:22:58,620 --> 00:23:01,500
wasn't an Army in the sense that a lot
501
00:23:01,500 --> 00:23:04,260
of armors or armies were a a commander
502
00:23:04,260 --> 00:23:06,000
can just walk around and hold the people
503
00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:08,400
around and treat them like dogs or just
504
00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:10,380
as he likes or shout at them you know
505
00:23:10,380 --> 00:23:12,120
they had to be treated as people and
506
00:23:12,120 --> 00:23:14,400
they were people then you they knew what
507
00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:17,039
they were fighting for and we our Our
508
00:23:17,039 --> 00:23:19,260
intention was always to give them the
509
00:23:19,260 --> 00:23:21,960
best chance to think what about the
510
00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:24,419
leadership of the brigades themselves
511
00:23:24,419 --> 00:23:27,480
what sort of quality was that
512
00:23:27,480 --> 00:23:29,280
the organization of the international
513
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:32,280
brigades from all over Western Europe
514
00:23:32,280 --> 00:23:36,240
and America was very very well done
515
00:23:36,240 --> 00:23:38,460
but the provision of trained military
516
00:23:38,460 --> 00:23:39,900
leaders
517
00:23:39,900 --> 00:23:43,380
was very very badly done
518
00:23:43,380 --> 00:23:46,260
we were just all as paulers bunched in
519
00:23:46,260 --> 00:23:48,179
there and here and there and anybody
520
00:23:48,179 --> 00:23:49,580
with military
521
00:23:49,580 --> 00:23:52,320
training at all was selected to occupy
522
00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:55,080
positions it is correct because remember
523
00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:59,280
that the Spanish Army uh started with
524
00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:01,260
the generals in the reward against the
525
00:24:01,260 --> 00:24:03,600
Republic so other Spanish people had no
526
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:06,059
Army and they had to build up on the
527
00:24:06,059 --> 00:24:08,039
abyss of the different militias belong
528
00:24:08,039 --> 00:24:09,780
to the different political parties trade
529
00:24:09,780 --> 00:24:11,760
unions political groupings so far on
530
00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:13,740
their own militias uh very badly
531
00:24:13,740 --> 00:24:16,440
equipped not only in terms of armaments
532
00:24:16,440 --> 00:24:19,200
but in terms of uniforms and therefore
533
00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,840
the facilities didn't exist for the
534
00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:24,539
training of volunteers they lacked in
535
00:24:24,539 --> 00:24:27,000
training they made up
536
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,720
for in Courage of a higher order
537
00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:32,820
foolhardy though it may seem to a
538
00:24:32,820 --> 00:24:35,520
trained military mind this was a very
539
00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:37,380
very impressive thing
540
00:24:37,380 --> 00:24:39,020
and it was really
541
00:24:39,020 --> 00:24:41,700
flesh against metal
542
00:24:41,700 --> 00:24:44,760
and no matter how Valiant an army is and
543
00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:46,620
how good the morale is
544
00:24:46,620 --> 00:24:49,380
there comes a time when you need a
545
00:24:49,380 --> 00:24:51,980
little bit more than that
546
00:24:51,980 --> 00:24:54,659
from Lisbon or Duffy's Men set off for
547
00:24:54,659 --> 00:24:56,220
six weeks training in the city of
548
00:24:56,220 --> 00:24:58,080
casares not far from the Portuguese
549
00:24:58,080 --> 00:25:00,840
border casare is the old city of the
550
00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:02,580
conquistadores in the province of estro
551
00:25:02,580 --> 00:25:04,440
Madura was to be their base throughout
552
00:25:04,440 --> 00:25:06,960
their time in Spain and even today 40
553
00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:09,360
years on it has the Backwater atmosphere
554
00:25:09,360 --> 00:25:11,760
of a city far from the frenetic new
555
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,280
industrial Spain it's Remembered in
556
00:25:14,280 --> 00:25:15,960
Spain because it was from hereabouts
557
00:25:15,960 --> 00:25:18,780
that Stout Cortes went off to exploit
558
00:25:18,780 --> 00:25:20,880
the new world of the Americas and in
559
00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:22,799
Ireland because it was from here that
560
00:25:22,799 --> 00:25:24,720
the Irish went out to fight for Franco
561
00:25:24,720 --> 00:25:27,299
or o Duffy casserays was the
562
00:25:27,299 --> 00:25:29,159
headquarters of the Bandera Ireland
563
00:25:29,159 --> 00:25:31,799
Daisy Del tercio the Irish Brigade of
564
00:25:31,799 --> 00:25:34,580
the Foreign Legion
565
00:25:34,799 --> 00:25:37,679
the Alvarez hotel which became his GHQ
566
00:25:37,679 --> 00:25:39,659
is still there on the streets through
567
00:25:39,659 --> 00:25:41,340
which his man marched accompanied by
568
00:25:41,340 --> 00:25:43,740
this Mary's pipe band from Dublin would
569
00:25:43,740 --> 00:25:46,500
be familiar today to those same men
570
00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:48,960
as indeed would some of the bodegas and
571
00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:50,820
the Church of San Domingo where the many
572
00:25:50,820 --> 00:25:53,120
Church parades were held
573
00:25:53,120 --> 00:25:55,860
[Music]
574
00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:57,539
on Christmas morning there was a full
575
00:25:57,539 --> 00:25:59,279
parade to the Church of San Domingo
576
00:25:59,279 --> 00:26:01,320
where father Maureen said three masses
577
00:26:01,320 --> 00:26:03,659
followed by benediction
578
00:26:03,659 --> 00:26:05,880
the volunteers had a special Christmas
579
00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:08,220
dinner after which a most enjoyable
580
00:26:08,220 --> 00:26:10,799
concert was held in the dining room
581
00:26:10,799 --> 00:26:12,960
a little bit homesick they were in great
582
00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:15,120
form jubilant and happy
583
00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:17,279
one and all assured me that the
584
00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:18,539
Christmas in Spain was the most
585
00:26:18,539 --> 00:26:20,940
enjoyable they ever had
586
00:26:20,940 --> 00:26:22,980
and in the main square of casares they
587
00:26:22,980 --> 00:26:26,340
were viewed by General Franco himself
588
00:26:26,340 --> 00:26:28,260
there was Jubilation in the Irish lines
589
00:26:28,260 --> 00:26:30,360
when the announcement was made the
590
00:26:30,360 --> 00:26:32,039
bandeel operated fully armed and
591
00:26:32,039 --> 00:26:34,740
equipped with Irish flag at a tent as
592
00:26:34,740 --> 00:26:36,840
each section passed him the offices had
593
00:26:36,840 --> 00:26:38,400
been saluted in the spanish-style
594
00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:41,880
shouting wholeheartedly Viva Franco Viva
595
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:44,480
spania and Viva Orlando
596
00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:47,640
SEMO in a shot that I said I look with
597
00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:49,919
giant confidence to the day when you and
598
00:26:49,919 --> 00:26:51,720
your Spanish comrades will win new
599
00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:53,880
honors for your flag Fighting For the
600
00:26:53,880 --> 00:26:56,159
Glory of Ireland the glory of Spain and
601
00:26:56,159 --> 00:26:59,480
the glory of our Holy Faith
602
00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:04,799
[Music]
603
00:27:04,799 --> 00:27:07,260
the Irish Bandera formed part of the
604
00:27:07,260 --> 00:27:09,840
tercio the Spanish Foreign Legion whose
605
00:27:09,840 --> 00:27:12,840
arid motto was long-lived death and
606
00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:14,760
liaison officer with them was Don
607
00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:17,640
Alfonso Bustamante ideas today the
608
00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:21,059
alcalde or mayor of casares then a young
609
00:27:21,059 --> 00:27:23,279
Spanish Lieutenant today a member of the
610
00:27:23,279 --> 00:27:27,120
Cortes the Spanish Parliament yes I had
611
00:27:27,120 --> 00:27:30,559
a such a great honor I've been with them
612
00:27:30,559 --> 00:27:33,299
I appreciate the weather wonderful
613
00:27:33,299 --> 00:27:35,760
people very good warrior
614
00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:39,000
a very good shot they should wonderfully
615
00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:41,940
well really yes and they were very good
616
00:27:41,940 --> 00:27:43,740
companions I'm very happy people do
617
00:27:43,740 --> 00:27:46,740
there is of course the the memorial to
618
00:27:46,740 --> 00:27:48,900
them in the church and I guess you look
619
00:27:48,900 --> 00:27:50,820
after that extremely well and I pray for
620
00:27:50,820 --> 00:27:53,179
them every day there yeah
621
00:27:53,179 --> 00:27:57,620
I go every day with that mess
622
00:28:01,200 --> 00:28:03,779
and it's here in what became the Irish
623
00:28:03,779 --> 00:28:06,040
church that the Bandera is commemorated
624
00:28:06,040 --> 00:28:08,400
[Music]
625
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:10,380
I unveiled a tablet in the church to
626
00:28:10,380 --> 00:28:11,820
Mark our official farewell before
627
00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:14,220
leaving for the front the inscription in
628
00:28:14,220 --> 00:28:16,679
Irish Spanish and English reads to the
629
00:28:16,679 --> 00:28:19,320
glory of God and the honor of Ireland in
630
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:21,539
remembrance of the 15 Bandera Irish
631
00:28:21,539 --> 00:28:23,760
Brigade of the tercio who worshiped in
632
00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:25,620
this church while serving the cause of
633
00:28:25,620 --> 00:28:27,900
the faith and of Ireland's ancient Ally
634
00:28:27,900 --> 00:28:31,400
and protector Spain
635
00:28:33,799 --> 00:28:36,240
afterwards during benediction the
636
00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:38,820
bandira sang Faith of Our Fathers
637
00:28:38,820 --> 00:28:41,150
foreign
638
00:28:41,150 --> 00:28:49,590
[Music]
639
00:28:49,590 --> 00:28:50,380
[Applause]
640
00:28:50,380 --> 00:28:52,660
[Music]
641
00:28:52,660 --> 00:28:57,900
[Applause]
642
00:28:58,820 --> 00:29:03,810
[Music]
643
00:29:03,810 --> 00:29:05,300
[Applause]
644
00:29:05,300 --> 00:29:08,440
[Music]
645
00:29:09,779 --> 00:29:12,500
thank you
646
00:29:15,260 --> 00:29:18,539
some people some of them that we spoke
647
00:29:18,539 --> 00:29:21,299
to in Ireland who are still alive they
648
00:29:21,299 --> 00:29:24,500
say that they found the wine very strong
649
00:29:24,500 --> 00:29:26,760
well you know the highest people that
650
00:29:26,760 --> 00:29:28,380
are Spanish people were very full of
651
00:29:28,380 --> 00:29:32,520
weren't all and then is the the sympathy
652
00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:36,659
a mutual it's Jeff we were very cheerful
653
00:29:36,659 --> 00:29:39,120
together did they drink did they drink
654
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:41,419
too much
655
00:29:41,419 --> 00:29:44,700
they're whiskey so it was a fair
656
00:29:44,700 --> 00:29:47,179
exchange
657
00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:52,700
I remember you remember this video
658
00:29:54,659 --> 00:29:57,179
but a little Duffy tends to ignore it
659
00:29:57,179 --> 00:29:59,399
there was a drink problem among some of
660
00:29:59,399 --> 00:30:01,980
the volunteers one of them wrote in an
661
00:30:01,980 --> 00:30:04,140
unpublished Memoir of the inevitable
662
00:30:04,140 --> 00:30:06,960
payday scenes which took place by those
663
00:30:06,960 --> 00:30:08,820
who had taken more than their fair share
664
00:30:08,820 --> 00:30:11,640
of Vino and who were now all out for
665
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:13,140
trouble
666
00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:15,840
one bar man in casares Jose Garcia
667
00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,779
recalls the Irish who came here 40 years
668
00:30:18,779 --> 00:30:21,140
ago
669
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,320
foreign
670
00:30:31,820 --> 00:30:35,220
1937 and they he was just a young boy
671
00:30:35,220 --> 00:30:37,860
then he was about 13 years old and the
672
00:30:37,860 --> 00:30:39,779
thing he remembers most about them was
673
00:30:39,779 --> 00:30:42,120
their happiness and the clothes they
674
00:30:42,120 --> 00:30:43,740
wear because here in Spain they'd never
675
00:30:43,740 --> 00:30:45,480
seen anything like this they had their
676
00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:47,520
Hops and their kills you know and he
677
00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:49,919
remembers very well the processions they
678
00:30:49,919 --> 00:30:52,140
made to the church and every Sunday well
679
00:30:52,140 --> 00:30:54,299
did they sort of go around the bars and
680
00:30:54,299 --> 00:30:56,960
awful lot
681
00:31:04,220 --> 00:31:06,720
unfortunately it is probably true I'd
682
00:31:06,720 --> 00:31:10,799
say that 20 of the large of all ages
683
00:31:10,799 --> 00:31:13,380
were very addicted to drink and apart
684
00:31:13,380 --> 00:31:15,120
entirely from their addiction drink was
685
00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:17,279
very very cheap it was quite possible
686
00:31:17,279 --> 00:31:20,039
for a young man of 18 and 19 who hadn't
687
00:31:20,039 --> 00:31:21,720
been used to a lot of drink and who
688
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:23,700
wasn't being very well fed to drink a
689
00:31:23,700 --> 00:31:24,899
bottle of wine into costume the
690
00:31:24,899 --> 00:31:27,360
equivalent of uh 10 pence here in
691
00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:29,460
Ireland you see and it was highly potent
692
00:31:29,460 --> 00:31:31,559
so we had to miss every night of the
693
00:31:31,559 --> 00:31:33,679
week
694
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:42,059
he says that um not always didn't all of
695
00:31:42,059 --> 00:31:43,679
us have quite enough money to pay for
696
00:31:43,679 --> 00:31:45,659
the rewind that sometimes they might
697
00:31:45,659 --> 00:31:47,220
have had to sell their coat or something
698
00:31:47,220 --> 00:31:48,899
in order to buy another bottle you know
699
00:31:48,899 --> 00:31:50,700
did they drink far more than the
700
00:31:50,700 --> 00:31:52,679
Spaniards for instance
701
00:31:52,679 --> 00:31:54,860
um
702
00:31:58,300 --> 00:32:01,470
[Music]
703
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,720
something they drank more but they drank
704
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:08,760
equally well do you think that the
705
00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:11,159
people of casarez remember the Irish at
706
00:32:11,159 --> 00:32:14,399
all with much gratitude
707
00:32:14,399 --> 00:32:16,159
yes
708
00:32:16,159 --> 00:32:19,919
it was it was a marvelous thing for them
709
00:32:19,919 --> 00:32:22,140
they went to the coast of Ireland
710
00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:26,820
take a boat the boat was going to fight
711
00:32:26,820 --> 00:32:28,860
for the faith I think it's an amazing
712
00:32:28,860 --> 00:32:29,659
thing
713
00:32:29,659 --> 00:32:34,039
and they were very very brave people
714
00:32:34,190 --> 00:32:38,499
[Music]
715
00:32:41,539 --> 00:32:43,559
ah Tony
716
00:32:43,559 --> 00:32:46,140
the egg mayonnaise he's off madam
717
00:32:46,140 --> 00:32:49,140
Bolognese
718
00:32:49,500 --> 00:32:51,059
what about the gravy
719
00:32:51,059 --> 00:32:55,820
salad dressing the red wine all off
720
00:32:56,279 --> 00:32:58,559
a different jacket no a different
721
00:32:58,559 --> 00:33:01,020
detergent personal micro liquid should
722
00:33:01,020 --> 00:33:03,480
always be on the menu because it has a
723
00:33:03,480 --> 00:33:04,980
double cleaning action it can tackle
724
00:33:04,980 --> 00:33:07,440
more than one kind of stain it combines
725
00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,080
an action on fat and an action on these
726
00:33:10,080 --> 00:33:12,779
other stains all in one wash now what
727
00:33:12,779 --> 00:33:14,519
would you like
728
00:33:14,519 --> 00:33:17,039
the Dover Soul please ah
729
00:33:17,039 --> 00:33:19,799
personal micro liquid tackles fat and a
730
00:33:19,799 --> 00:33:22,440
whole load more
731
00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:23,640
question
732
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:25,799
can you be sure your dishes won't still
733
00:33:25,799 --> 00:33:27,779
show traces of food after they've been
734
00:33:27,779 --> 00:33:29,240
through the dishwasher
735
00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:31,080
next time
736
00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:32,340
progress
737
00:33:32,340 --> 00:33:34,679
its active oxygen formula has been
738
00:33:34,679 --> 00:33:36,600
specially developed to remove stubborn
739
00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:38,760
food residues without damaging pattern
740
00:33:38,760 --> 00:33:40,380
China
741
00:33:40,380 --> 00:33:43,620
result with some progress sparkling
742
00:33:43,620 --> 00:33:46,980
clean dishes without fading patterns
743
00:33:46,980 --> 00:33:52,100
Sun your dishes are in good hands
744
00:33:59,860 --> 00:34:09,560
[Music]
745
00:34:09,560 --> 00:34:14,480
new Duplo play track building fun
746
00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:18,960
to this day it's a mystery who gave into
747
00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:22,500
temptation but one slice of viennetto
748
00:34:22,500 --> 00:34:25,918
with its irresistible crisp dark layers
749
00:34:25,918 --> 00:34:28,199
and simply Rich ice cream
750
00:34:28,199 --> 00:34:30,960
never seems quite enough
751
00:34:30,960 --> 00:34:34,810
so who was that last slice destined for
752
00:34:34,810 --> 00:34:38,879
[Music]
753
00:34:38,879 --> 00:34:42,560
all eyes turn to me
754
00:34:45,359 --> 00:34:47,940
when you go to sleep thousands of night
755
00:34:47,940 --> 00:34:51,000
workers go to work and so does new
756
00:34:51,000 --> 00:34:54,480
Maintenance Night action toothpaste
757
00:34:54,480 --> 00:34:56,460
brushing with night action before bed
758
00:34:56,460 --> 00:34:59,040
helps neutralize harmful daytime plaque
759
00:34:59,040 --> 00:35:00,180
acids
760
00:35:00,180 --> 00:35:02,880
helps replace essential minerals lost
761
00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:06,060
during daytime acid attack and goes on
762
00:35:06,060 --> 00:35:08,520
happy to protect your teeth until
763
00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:09,839
morning
764
00:35:09,839 --> 00:35:12,359
night action from maintenance toothpaste
765
00:35:12,359 --> 00:35:15,800
your teeth would choose
766
00:35:20,839 --> 00:35:23,700
I must tell you about Bird's eye's new
767
00:35:23,700 --> 00:35:25,560
range of fish Cuisine is
768
00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:28,500
vegetable Tuscany bake lovely fillet of
769
00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:30,480
fish but the delicious delicious cheesy
770
00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:32,880
topping leeks carrots juicy onions and
771
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:34,260
broccoli florets
772
00:35:34,260 --> 00:35:40,079
wonderful and plenty for you and whoever
773
00:35:41,520 --> 00:35:44,220
new fish Cuisine from bird's eye fish
774
00:35:44,220 --> 00:35:47,119
worth talking about
775
00:35:48,740 --> 00:35:54,079
it's here the best dance album of 93.
776
00:36:00,020 --> 00:36:06,200
[Music]
777
00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:08,610
gets bigger and bigger
778
00:36:08,610 --> 00:36:14,839
[Music]
779
00:36:14,839 --> 00:36:17,650
get out
780
00:36:17,650 --> 00:36:20,729
[Music]
781
00:36:23,150 --> 00:36:25,980
[Music]
782
00:36:25,980 --> 00:36:29,579
February 1937 saw Duffy's men ready for
783
00:36:29,579 --> 00:36:31,740
the fight but still a long way from the
784
00:36:31,740 --> 00:36:34,260
front and the front at this time was
785
00:36:34,260 --> 00:36:36,240
strongly centered on Madrid which was
786
00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:38,520
held by the Republican government the
787
00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:41,280
fighting was Savage and by now much of
788
00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:43,619
Europe was embroiled from Russia had
789
00:36:43,619 --> 00:36:46,619
come arms aircraft man and money to
790
00:36:46,619 --> 00:36:48,480
supporter of public which would have
791
00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,119
died without them and from the fascist
792
00:36:51,119 --> 00:36:54,000
Powers tanks and aircraft from Italy
793
00:36:54,000 --> 00:36:56,520
alone came more than 50 000 Army
794
00:36:56,520 --> 00:36:59,220
conscripts and from Hitler came the
795
00:36:59,220 --> 00:37:01,440
Condor Legion which was to provide the
796
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:03,240
heinkels and Yonkers which were to
797
00:37:03,240 --> 00:37:05,760
obliterate granica as well as artillery
798
00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:08,780
and advisors
799
00:37:09,240 --> 00:37:11,760
the big Powers Spain was the great
800
00:37:11,760 --> 00:37:15,900
experiment a gigantic war game
801
00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:18,780
for Spain herself compounded the tragedy
802
00:37:18,780 --> 00:37:21,060
of a Civil War and ensure the end of
803
00:37:21,060 --> 00:37:24,440
democracy for a generation
804
00:37:26,599 --> 00:37:28,859
by now some of the men of the
805
00:37:28,859 --> 00:37:31,160
international Brigade were old in battle
806
00:37:31,160 --> 00:37:33,240
volunteers had come to fight for the
807
00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:34,920
Republic from all over the world
808
00:37:34,920 --> 00:37:38,339
including more than 150 from Ireland for
809
00:37:38,339 --> 00:37:41,040
some of these the baptism of fire was in
810
00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:43,859
the many battles around Madrid we had
811
00:37:43,859 --> 00:37:46,800
Advanced about four males across country
812
00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,900
the morning was a bit Misty then the
813
00:37:48,900 --> 00:37:50,880
planes worked out but we were subjected
814
00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:53,579
to terrible bombardment of artillery and
815
00:37:53,579 --> 00:37:56,660
with an advanced under artillery Fair
816
00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:59,099
shells exploding in the midst of us
817
00:37:59,099 --> 00:38:00,620
around us all the time
818
00:38:00,620 --> 00:38:03,180
[Applause]
819
00:38:03,180 --> 00:38:05,900
thank you
820
00:38:06,420 --> 00:38:08,760
of all the battles in Spain the one
821
00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:10,800
which was to begin now in the Valley of
822
00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:13,920
the harama river was to epitomize war in
823
00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:16,859
all its horror its memories are burned
824
00:38:16,859 --> 00:38:19,200
into the minds of all who fought in it
825
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:21,780
Uncle thought when he had failed in a
826
00:38:21,780 --> 00:38:24,420
frontal assault on Madrid at University
827
00:38:24,420 --> 00:38:26,040
City
828
00:38:26,040 --> 00:38:29,099
he might take it on the south from
829
00:38:29,099 --> 00:38:33,540
harama on the Haram River
830
00:38:33,540 --> 00:38:37,440
so we were sent up there
831
00:38:37,440 --> 00:38:39,960
all this road Franco had gathered
832
00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:42,960
together several very good divisions and
833
00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:45,119
we were sent up the
834
00:38:45,119 --> 00:38:48,660
13th 14th and 15th brigades
835
00:38:48,660 --> 00:38:53,160
and we held the road at a very very high
836
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:55,579
price
837
00:38:56,880 --> 00:38:59,099
and the price was 45
838
00:38:59,099 --> 00:39:03,079
000 men in one terrible week
839
00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:06,359
the British Battalion alone in which so
840
00:39:06,359 --> 00:39:09,540
many of the Irish fought lost 400 of its
841
00:39:09,540 --> 00:39:13,520
600 men in one day
842
00:39:13,619 --> 00:39:15,960
defending Suicide Hill in the pingran
843
00:39:15,960 --> 00:39:19,140
Foothills 22 Irishmen died man like the
844
00:39:19,140 --> 00:39:21,060
Reverend r m Hilliard a Protestant
845
00:39:21,060 --> 00:39:22,859
clergyman from Killarney Charlie
846
00:39:22,859 --> 00:39:25,740
Donnelly the Ulster poet kit Conway from
847
00:39:25,740 --> 00:39:28,079
County Tipperary dick O'Neal from
848
00:39:28,079 --> 00:39:31,079
Belfast it was Adorama that Frank Ryan
849
00:39:31,079 --> 00:39:33,420
was wounded as he rallied his man when
850
00:39:33,420 --> 00:39:34,920
the battle was turning against the
851
00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,160
Republic
852
00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:40,680
you have to look hard for evidence that
853
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:43,560
man died in their thousands here on the
854
00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:46,339
harama river
855
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:51,359
a poet wrote of the terrible Slaughter
856
00:39:51,359 --> 00:39:54,359
death stalked the olive trees picking
857
00:39:54,359 --> 00:39:55,680
his man
858
00:39:55,680 --> 00:39:58,859
his leading finger beckoned again and
859
00:39:58,859 --> 00:40:01,099
again
860
00:40:05,090 --> 00:40:10,260
[Music]
861
00:40:10,260 --> 00:40:17,339
that's a place that we all know so well
862
00:40:17,339 --> 00:40:22,520
well thought is there that we wasted our
863
00:40:22,520 --> 00:40:24,320
manhood
864
00:40:24,320 --> 00:40:32,119
and the most of our old ages well
865
00:40:34,800 --> 00:40:36,470
oh
866
00:40:36,470 --> 00:40:38,579
[Music]
867
00:40:38,579 --> 00:40:40,560
and it was to the aftermath of the
868
00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:42,720
harama battle that oduffy's men were to
869
00:40:42,720 --> 00:40:43,120
come
870
00:40:43,120 --> 00:40:46,260
[Music]
871
00:40:46,320 --> 00:40:48,720
tune of their battle March cancion de
872
00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:51,119
legionario they set off from casares
873
00:40:51,119 --> 00:40:53,460
just as they Conquistador is before the
874
00:40:53,460 --> 00:40:55,500
Madan to fight under the banner of
875
00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:57,359
Catholicism
876
00:40:57,359 --> 00:40:58,440
foreign
877
00:40:58,440 --> 00:41:03,260
[Music]
878
00:41:03,260 --> 00:41:06,119
went off to war they were marching along
879
00:41:06,119 --> 00:41:08,720
a sunken Road about a mile outside
880
00:41:08,720 --> 00:41:11,760
siemposales when they saw another body
881
00:41:11,760 --> 00:41:14,579
of troops crossing their path and
882
00:41:14,579 --> 00:41:17,460
o'duffy in his book crusade in Spain has
883
00:41:17,460 --> 00:41:20,280
written of this incident he says that
884
00:41:20,280 --> 00:41:23,400
The Interpreter a leften and Bove with
885
00:41:23,400 --> 00:41:25,740
his troops went over to the other body
886
00:41:25,740 --> 00:41:28,380
of troops saluted the officer in charge
887
00:41:28,380 --> 00:41:31,740
and said to him Bandera Ireland Daisy
888
00:41:31,740 --> 00:41:34,619
Del tercio identifying who they were in
889
00:41:34,619 --> 00:41:37,859
fact and or Duffy continues instantly
890
00:41:37,859 --> 00:41:40,079
the captain to whom he spoke stepped
891
00:41:40,079 --> 00:41:42,839
back one pace drew his revolver and
892
00:41:42,839 --> 00:41:46,560
fired Point Blank at leftover and at
893
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:48,839
this stage all hell broke loose and I
894
00:41:48,839 --> 00:41:50,160
thought it a type of some let's
895
00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:51,960
practicing and I thought they should
896
00:41:51,960 --> 00:41:53,760
fire in a different direction
897
00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:55,560
and bought it at the end the world came
898
00:41:55,560 --> 00:41:57,240
immediately the world being attacked to
899
00:41:57,240 --> 00:42:01,260
Sergeant Lee who was a later kill he
900
00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:02,940
told us to get down and we saw our
901
00:42:02,940 --> 00:42:05,520
movements in front of us and I opened
902
00:42:05,520 --> 00:42:07,320
fired there was possibly wounded the
903
00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:10,099
first to open fire
904
00:42:10,260 --> 00:42:13,440
and firing went on in fact for well over
905
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:15,660
an hour a number of the Irish were
906
00:42:15,660 --> 00:42:17,520
killed and a number of the other troops
907
00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:21,060
too but the awful irony of this was that
908
00:42:21,060 --> 00:42:22,859
the troops who had opened fire on the
909
00:42:22,859 --> 00:42:25,619
Irish were of course Franco troops in
910
00:42:25,619 --> 00:42:28,040
other words fighting on the same side
911
00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:30,420
surely that must have
912
00:42:30,420 --> 00:42:32,460
taken the guts out of you all to some
913
00:42:32,460 --> 00:42:34,200
extent
914
00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:38,520
not really not really but it did make us
915
00:42:38,520 --> 00:42:39,780
aware
916
00:42:39,780 --> 00:42:41,579
of the risks
917
00:42:41,579 --> 00:42:43,740
two Irishmen died in the action and
918
00:42:43,740 --> 00:42:46,380
others were wounded an inquiry found the
919
00:42:46,380 --> 00:42:48,480
other troops a Franco Bandera from the
920
00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:50,400
Canary Islands to blame
921
00:42:50,400 --> 00:42:52,859
the action took some heart out of the
922
00:42:52,859 --> 00:42:55,140
Irish but for the next few weeks they
923
00:42:55,140 --> 00:42:57,000
settled in around the old village of
924
00:42:57,000 --> 00:42:59,339
siempasuelas and learned to live with
925
00:42:59,339 --> 00:43:01,140
these shelling from the Republican lines
926
00:43:01,140 --> 00:43:04,220
two miles away
927
00:43:05,210 --> 00:43:08,289
[Music]
928
00:43:09,560 --> 00:43:12,900
these Railway buildings here were part
929
00:43:12,900 --> 00:43:16,079
of the Irish outposts in front of the CM
930
00:43:16,079 --> 00:43:18,359
persuelas when oh Duffy's men were first
931
00:43:18,359 --> 00:43:20,700
put into the line in fact where I'm
932
00:43:20,700 --> 00:43:23,819
standing now was part of that line and
933
00:43:23,819 --> 00:43:26,160
the job was to protect this little town
934
00:43:26,160 --> 00:43:30,119
uh over just over here and it was from
935
00:43:30,119 --> 00:43:32,280
these positions from trenches all along
936
00:43:32,280 --> 00:43:35,160
here that they made their one and only
937
00:43:35,160 --> 00:43:37,319
offensive action of the war they were
938
00:43:37,319 --> 00:43:40,940
ordered out into these planes over here
939
00:43:40,940 --> 00:43:44,400
to take a small town called tatocia
940
00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:46,800
three miles away and they left the dog
941
00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:49,920
out on a very heavy artillery fire in
942
00:43:49,920 --> 00:43:51,599
fact they didn't get very far the
943
00:43:51,599 --> 00:43:53,520
artillery pinned them down and
944
00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:55,619
eventually they were ordered to retreat
945
00:43:55,619 --> 00:43:58,140
but before they retreated they had lost
946
00:43:58,140 --> 00:44:01,079
four men including sergeant major
947
00:44:01,079 --> 00:44:04,220
Gabriel Lee of Dublin who was killed
948
00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:08,099
down there where wheat and Maize and
949
00:44:08,099 --> 00:44:10,020
Millard now grow those
950
00:44:10,020 --> 00:44:12,420
he unfortunately
951
00:44:12,420 --> 00:44:14,940
fell forward when we had these barrage
952
00:44:14,940 --> 00:44:16,380
and I was with them at the time it fell
953
00:44:16,380 --> 00:44:18,900
on top of them
954
00:44:18,900 --> 00:44:21,900
and when it was over I sat up and
955
00:44:21,900 --> 00:44:24,480
he didn't
956
00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:26,819
buy a most peculiar Circumstance the
957
00:44:26,819 --> 00:44:29,819
vein it was taken from discovered
958
00:44:29,819 --> 00:44:32,460
and it cut the
959
00:44:32,460 --> 00:44:35,339
back of his thigh
960
00:44:35,339 --> 00:44:37,440
as if you would cut a steak
961
00:44:37,440 --> 00:44:39,180
and her got out of his character and did
962
00:44:39,180 --> 00:44:40,619
that I don't know because I was on top
963
00:44:40,619 --> 00:44:41,940
of him
964
00:44:41,940 --> 00:44:45,300
so he was bleeding very very badly
965
00:44:45,300 --> 00:44:47,400
I had a pair of rosary beads in my
966
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:49,740
pocket which my father had given me I
967
00:44:49,740 --> 00:44:51,180
gave them to him and he clustered them
968
00:44:51,180 --> 00:44:53,700
and he spoke a few words to me
969
00:44:53,700 --> 00:44:57,359
uh Bergen Bergen was one of the
970
00:44:57,359 --> 00:44:59,160
stretch of errors and he came along with
971
00:44:59,160 --> 00:45:00,480
his companion
972
00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:02,400
and they took him away on this on the
973
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:04,440
stretcher
974
00:45:04,440 --> 00:45:06,300
parade courageous stretch of bear as
975
00:45:06,300 --> 00:45:07,800
they were
976
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:09,540
they took him away to the hospital away
977
00:45:09,540 --> 00:45:10,560
behind
978
00:45:10,560 --> 00:45:14,420
where they could go and he died there
979
00:45:17,280 --> 00:45:19,800
later on they moved up the line to La
980
00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:22,260
marinosa near Madrid and it was there
981
00:45:22,260 --> 00:45:24,359
they remained until their return to
982
00:45:24,359 --> 00:45:27,800
Ireland in May of that year
983
00:45:29,040 --> 00:45:30,960
Harley Quinn who was second in command
984
00:45:30,960 --> 00:45:33,300
of his Brigade is surrounded in his home
985
00:45:33,300 --> 00:45:35,760
by reminders of Irish history and his
986
00:45:35,760 --> 00:45:37,560
Christian faith
987
00:45:37,560 --> 00:45:41,540
and of his Spanish experience
988
00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:46,319
after CM persuelus there was some
989
00:45:46,319 --> 00:45:48,119
disagreement about the role of the
990
00:45:48,119 --> 00:45:50,099
Brigade and a number of the men wanted
991
00:45:50,099 --> 00:45:52,319
to come back to Ireland
992
00:45:52,319 --> 00:45:55,560
poorly Quinn was not one of those
993
00:45:55,560 --> 00:45:58,440
according to him oduffia decided on a
994
00:45:58,440 --> 00:46:01,440
defensive role for the Bandera in Spain
995
00:46:01,440 --> 00:46:03,480
did you regret that decision that would
996
00:46:03,480 --> 00:46:04,800
you have prepared to have taken a more
997
00:46:04,800 --> 00:46:09,240
active role yes some of us did resent it
998
00:46:09,240 --> 00:46:12,260
because there was plenty of
999
00:46:12,260 --> 00:46:14,579
engagements there we knew on our right
1000
00:46:14,579 --> 00:46:15,660
and left
1001
00:46:15,660 --> 00:46:18,839
that we should have been in
1002
00:46:18,839 --> 00:46:22,079
and would have
1003
00:46:22,079 --> 00:46:23,400
um
1004
00:46:23,400 --> 00:46:25,859
it would have painted a much better
1005
00:46:25,859 --> 00:46:29,280
picture no
1006
00:46:31,319 --> 00:46:33,720
no I don't think we were mainly a
1007
00:46:33,720 --> 00:46:35,280
defensive role
1008
00:46:35,280 --> 00:46:38,220
we took part as a mainly defensive role
1009
00:46:38,220 --> 00:46:40,440
because we Advanced our uncertain points
1010
00:46:40,440 --> 00:46:43,380
during the engagement there
1011
00:46:43,380 --> 00:46:46,440
it was just the position to be occupied
1012
00:46:46,440 --> 00:46:48,599
that made it appear that way in my
1013
00:46:48,599 --> 00:46:51,660
opinion well I have a suspicion that
1014
00:46:51,660 --> 00:46:53,460
when General Dolphins is out there and
1015
00:46:53,460 --> 00:46:55,079
saw the grave dangers to which we were
1016
00:46:55,079 --> 00:46:57,359
being subjected that if we were to come
1017
00:46:57,359 --> 00:47:00,000
into a conflict with the raids to a
1018
00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:02,400
closer degree that maybe we would have
1019
00:47:02,400 --> 00:47:04,740
suffered very severe casualties and he
1020
00:47:04,740 --> 00:47:07,200
might have felt that this country would
1021
00:47:07,200 --> 00:47:10,460
call them responsible for that
1022
00:47:11,340 --> 00:47:15,789
[Music]
1023
00:47:21,480 --> 00:47:24,540
at the end of May the Bandera left for
1024
00:47:24,540 --> 00:47:27,000
Ireland leaving behind them a dozen dead
1025
00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:29,460
seven of them killed in battle and now
1026
00:47:29,460 --> 00:47:31,319
buried in the wall said Casa Ray
1027
00:47:31,319 --> 00:47:33,960
Cemetery their names often incorrectly
1028
00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:36,560
spelled
1029
00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:39,900
they lie in company with hundreds of
1030
00:47:39,900 --> 00:47:42,300
Moorish cavalrymen of Franco's Army of
1031
00:47:42,300 --> 00:47:44,720
Africa
1032
00:47:46,130 --> 00:47:51,739
[Music]
1033
00:47:56,940 --> 00:47:59,520
back in Ireland oduffy's summary of the
1034
00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:01,560
Spanish Adventure was that his Brigade
1035
00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:04,200
did not because it could not play a very
1036
00:48:04,200 --> 00:48:07,079
prominent part in the war but we ensure
1037
00:48:07,079 --> 00:48:08,819
that our country was represented in the
1038
00:48:08,819 --> 00:48:10,980
fight against World communism our
1039
00:48:10,980 --> 00:48:12,720
volunteers were Not Mere adventurers
1040
00:48:12,720 --> 00:48:14,579
over 90 percent of them were true
1041
00:48:14,579 --> 00:48:16,800
Crusaders we've been criticized near
1042
00:48:16,800 --> 00:48:19,020
that slander but truth charity and
1043
00:48:19,020 --> 00:48:20,819
Justice shall Prevail and time will
1044
00:48:20,819 --> 00:48:23,940
justify our motives we seek no praise we
1045
00:48:23,940 --> 00:48:27,240
need our duty we went to Spain
1046
00:48:27,240 --> 00:48:29,880
well I think as a matter of fact I think
1047
00:48:29,880 --> 00:48:31,619
if they wanted to go to Spain to fight
1048
00:48:31,619 --> 00:48:33,060
for what they believed in there were
1049
00:48:33,060 --> 00:48:35,220
some religious people who sought that to
1050
00:48:35,220 --> 00:48:37,200
go down for further religion there were
1051
00:48:37,200 --> 00:48:38,400
some people who were fascist some
1052
00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:41,220
otherwise for fascism I think they had a
1053
00:48:41,220 --> 00:48:42,780
right to do so
1054
00:48:42,780 --> 00:48:44,880
but one thing I have strongly object to
1055
00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:47,400
is that they use the title of the Irish
1056
00:48:47,400 --> 00:48:49,500
Brigade and wild geese
1057
00:48:49,500 --> 00:48:51,660
because the
1058
00:48:51,660 --> 00:48:53,460
in the wild geese in the first place it
1059
00:48:53,460 --> 00:48:57,000
was mercenaries they had causes a cause
1060
00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:59,040
which they fought for an enemy which
1061
00:48:59,040 --> 00:49:00,960
they hated and that's why they fought
1062
00:49:00,960 --> 00:49:03,540
and when they got there to fight they
1063
00:49:03,540 --> 00:49:06,060
fought they fought and they died
1064
00:49:06,060 --> 00:49:08,700
see on Far foreign field from Dunkel to
1065
00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:11,339
Belgrade like the Warriors and Chiefs of
1066
00:49:11,339 --> 00:49:14,180
the Irish brigades and I think that if
1067
00:49:14,180 --> 00:49:16,560
Ireland is looking for a Warriors and
1068
00:49:16,560 --> 00:49:20,280
Chiefs who died on on the fields of
1069
00:49:20,280 --> 00:49:21,660
Spain
1070
00:49:21,660 --> 00:49:25,920
to people like Peter Peter Daly
1071
00:49:25,920 --> 00:49:29,880
kit Conway Jack naulty and palisova
1072
00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:32,480
Joshua Chiefs
1073
00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:36,000
blue shirts blue shirt and if you want
1074
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:37,980
if you want the warrior you didn't claim
1075
00:49:37,980 --> 00:49:39,720
to be Chiefs
1076
00:49:39,720 --> 00:49:42,480
we're all over Spain married the Grays
1077
00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:43,859
are better though they're buried in
1078
00:49:43,859 --> 00:49:46,079
Graves all over Spain and I think if if
1079
00:49:46,079 --> 00:49:49,140
Ireland is going to consider that she
1080
00:49:49,140 --> 00:49:52,140
has that she had an Irish Brigade there
1081
00:49:52,140 --> 00:49:54,119
that she had wild geese there
1082
00:49:54,119 --> 00:49:56,400
the title belongs to the Republican side
1083
00:49:56,400 --> 00:49:58,680
not to Duffy's me
1084
00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:01,200
Irishman we're still fighting and dying
1085
00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:03,119
in Spain with the international Brigade
1086
00:50:03,119 --> 00:50:05,460
they fought and died at brunette in the
1087
00:50:05,460 --> 00:50:07,560
Aragon where Frank Ryan was captured at
1088
00:50:07,560 --> 00:50:09,960
Belle [ __ ] and Quinto and carowell as
1089
00:50:09,960 --> 00:50:12,359
the battles continue to cross the land
1090
00:50:12,359 --> 00:50:14,640
and they were to die on the Ebro in the
1091
00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:16,200
last big action involving the
1092
00:50:16,200 --> 00:50:18,780
international Brigade The Ebro was a
1093
00:50:18,780 --> 00:50:20,640
final desperate attempt to gain ground
1094
00:50:20,640 --> 00:50:22,500
for The Battered Republic and at first
1095
00:50:22,500 --> 00:50:24,839
it looked as if it would succeed again
1096
00:50:24,839 --> 00:50:27,119
the fight was fierce of the
1097
00:50:27,119 --> 00:50:28,680
international Brigade man who crossed
1098
00:50:28,680 --> 00:50:32,040
the Ebro 75 fell and for some of them
1099
00:50:32,040 --> 00:50:34,740
the Ebro was a first taste of battle
1100
00:50:34,740 --> 00:50:37,740
everybody suffer some I didn't
1101
00:50:37,740 --> 00:50:41,160
from being scarcity in the sort of the
1102
00:50:41,160 --> 00:50:43,079
first impression or the cracking of the
1103
00:50:43,079 --> 00:50:45,780
bullets like whips actually near my ears
1104
00:50:45,780 --> 00:50:49,260
then the artillery barrage and so on and
1105
00:50:49,260 --> 00:50:52,319
oh I think for each person it's an
1106
00:50:52,319 --> 00:50:54,599
individual coming to terms with the
1107
00:50:54,599 --> 00:50:57,300
reality the battle and
1108
00:50:57,300 --> 00:50:59,099
everybody comes to terms I think in the
1109
00:50:59,099 --> 00:51:01,140
wrong way and in a different way
1110
00:51:01,140 --> 00:51:03,780
a monument Rises out of the river Ebro
1111
00:51:03,780 --> 00:51:05,760
to commemorate one of the last great
1112
00:51:05,760 --> 00:51:08,460
battles of the war and here another
1113
00:51:08,460 --> 00:51:11,099
Monument this one marks General Franco's
1114
00:51:11,099 --> 00:51:15,000
command post near the town of Gandesa it
1115
00:51:15,000 --> 00:51:18,180
was a battle in which 150 000 men died
1116
00:51:18,180 --> 00:51:21,000
and that included about a dozen Irishmen
1117
00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:22,980
but it
1118
00:51:22,980 --> 00:51:24,839
the of a river the battle of the river
1119
00:51:24,839 --> 00:51:29,220
Ebro it was a battle of valleys Hills of
1120
00:51:29,220 --> 00:51:31,980
mountain peaks and this particular Peak
1121
00:51:31,980 --> 00:51:34,440
over here became quite notorious this is
1122
00:51:34,440 --> 00:51:38,160
the infamous Hill 481 we called it the
1123
00:51:38,160 --> 00:51:39,660
pimple because of the construction of
1124
00:51:39,660 --> 00:51:42,059
the Hill itself and for seven days we
1125
00:51:42,059 --> 00:51:45,540
were on the hill lapsed 40 had won and I
1126
00:51:45,540 --> 00:51:48,300
used to have to go run down the hill of
1127
00:51:48,300 --> 00:51:50,359
the valley and attack four he had one
1128
00:51:50,359 --> 00:51:52,440
which was in a commanding position
1129
00:51:52,440 --> 00:51:56,220
heavily fortified and if we had one
1130
00:51:56,220 --> 00:51:58,020
anti-tank gun it would have been
1131
00:51:58,020 --> 00:51:59,760
possible actually to knuckle that hill
1132
00:51:59,760 --> 00:52:02,099
but not having any anti-tank guns we
1133
00:52:02,099 --> 00:52:04,380
were depending upon the the maximum
1134
00:52:04,380 --> 00:52:06,780
machine guns and our own rifles as well
1135
00:52:06,780 --> 00:52:09,420
today and grenade to try and take it so
1136
00:52:09,420 --> 00:52:13,200
on August the 1st 1938 Bank Holiday by
1137
00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:14,880
the way at that time it was actually the
1138
00:52:14,880 --> 00:52:17,700
bank holiday it was very warm day at
1139
00:52:17,700 --> 00:52:21,300
least in 481 anyway uh the I was wounded
1140
00:52:21,300 --> 00:52:23,520
in the last attack and then we would run
1141
00:52:23,520 --> 00:52:25,319
because it was reckon it was impossible
1142
00:52:25,319 --> 00:52:29,579
to take the position for rifle machines
1143
00:52:29,579 --> 00:52:32,400
men had come from 29 different countries
1144
00:52:32,400 --> 00:52:34,559
to fight in the international brigades
1145
00:52:34,559 --> 00:52:37,140
they had fought on all fronts and their
1146
00:52:37,140 --> 00:52:39,359
casualties were appalling they had seen
1147
00:52:39,359 --> 00:52:41,099
their friends die and had killed and
1148
00:52:41,099 --> 00:52:43,500
battled themselves they had seen and
1149
00:52:43,500 --> 00:52:45,300
done things which they would never
1150
00:52:45,300 --> 00:52:46,559
forget
1151
00:52:46,559 --> 00:52:48,260
the war did
1152
00:52:48,260 --> 00:52:51,000
did some did something to me that that
1153
00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:52,339
can perhaps
1154
00:52:52,339 --> 00:52:55,319
had a bad bad effect in a way personally
1155
00:52:55,319 --> 00:52:58,980
uh eventually it belongs no matter how
1156
00:52:58,980 --> 00:53:01,079
good the calls you're fighting on it it
1157
00:53:01,079 --> 00:53:03,420
plunges sensibility blood is your view
1158
00:53:03,420 --> 00:53:05,880
of your feelings of indignation of the
1159
00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:08,460
negative Justice and so on that and I
1160
00:53:08,460 --> 00:53:12,059
had come to be indifferent about well
1161
00:53:12,059 --> 00:53:16,760
our other callous the callus about
1162
00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:20,579
casualties beside me because they could
1163
00:53:20,579 --> 00:53:22,500
survive and kind of indifferent even to
1164
00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:24,900
my own Survival
1165
00:53:24,900 --> 00:53:26,420
this is
1166
00:53:26,420 --> 00:53:29,400
this is very badly ever since an
1167
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:31,020
importance of War probably the most
1168
00:53:31,020 --> 00:53:34,260
abiding memory is the faces of the of
1169
00:53:34,260 --> 00:53:37,380
three five men are killed who had
1170
00:53:37,380 --> 00:53:40,020
attacked attacked our position with hand
1171
00:53:40,020 --> 00:53:45,660
grenades and I I had a throne and thrown
1172
00:53:45,660 --> 00:53:47,940
hand grenades at them
1173
00:53:47,940 --> 00:53:51,359
and while while even while one of the
1174
00:53:51,359 --> 00:53:53,640
hand grenades was at the foot of one of
1175
00:53:53,640 --> 00:53:56,339
flowers the fascists I could see their
1176
00:53:56,339 --> 00:53:58,040
faces so clearly
1177
00:53:58,040 --> 00:54:00,359
then a
1178
00:54:00,359 --> 00:54:02,579
handsome young fellas who we might be
1179
00:54:02,579 --> 00:54:05,819
just like any of our own Spanish lads
1180
00:54:05,819 --> 00:54:08,240
then the explosion
1181
00:54:08,240 --> 00:54:11,220
and that's a true the second hand
1182
00:54:11,220 --> 00:54:12,599
grenade
1183
00:54:12,599 --> 00:54:15,920
they were no longer there
1184
00:54:16,700 --> 00:54:20,050
[Music]
1185
00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:22,440
something I'd like to point out here
1186
00:54:22,440 --> 00:54:24,480
because I think it's very important as
1187
00:54:24,480 --> 00:54:26,359
far as
1188
00:54:26,359 --> 00:54:28,619
Spain and the international Brigade is
1189
00:54:28,619 --> 00:54:32,040
concerned you see they at this time the
1190
00:54:32,040 --> 00:54:35,579
the Spaniards were actually moving
1191
00:54:35,579 --> 00:54:37,680
Spanish troops into the international
1192
00:54:37,680 --> 00:54:39,660
brigades to reinforce them as we're
1193
00:54:39,660 --> 00:54:41,099
getting very difficult to get them from
1194
00:54:41,099 --> 00:54:43,740
abroad and if you see the real role of
1195
00:54:43,740 --> 00:54:45,119
the international Brigade which is not
1196
00:54:45,119 --> 00:54:48,900
or just fighting they fought out they
1197
00:54:48,900 --> 00:54:51,000
had a special role in Spain
1198
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:52,619
international Brigade and of course the
1199
00:54:52,619 --> 00:54:55,380
Irish with them but this was their real
1200
00:54:55,380 --> 00:54:57,780
role there that the Spanish government
1201
00:54:57,780 --> 00:55:00,420
could say well here we have a a body of
1202
00:55:00,420 --> 00:55:03,839
men who are loyal to nobody but us
1203
00:55:03,839 --> 00:55:05,940
you see they've come to fight for Spain
1204
00:55:05,940 --> 00:55:07,559
and this is where they differ actually
1205
00:55:07,559 --> 00:55:09,839
from how Duffy's crowd the thing is that
1206
00:55:09,839 --> 00:55:12,420
our Duffy's crowd went to Spain and they
1207
00:55:12,420 --> 00:55:14,280
need not have gone
1208
00:55:14,280 --> 00:55:16,559
but the end was near for the brigades in
1209
00:55:16,559 --> 00:55:18,660
October 1938 the League of Nations
1210
00:55:18,660 --> 00:55:20,880
supervised the withdrawal of all foreign
1211
00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:23,160
volunteers they were men of all classes
1212
00:55:23,160 --> 00:55:25,559
of many Creeds and of none without them
1213
00:55:25,559 --> 00:55:27,420
Spain could not have continued the fight
1214
00:55:27,420 --> 00:55:29,480
in the early days of the war
1215
00:55:29,480 --> 00:55:32,220
150 Irishmen were among their number and
1216
00:55:32,220 --> 00:55:34,140
60 of these were killed in Spain where
1217
00:55:34,140 --> 00:55:38,220
they still lie their graves unmarked
1218
00:55:38,220 --> 00:55:41,280
60 dead on their leader Frank Ryan in a
1219
00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,079
Spanish prison and you cannot discuss
1220
00:55:43,079 --> 00:55:45,000
the Irish in Spain without touching on
1221
00:55:45,000 --> 00:55:47,520
these strange Enigma of Frank Ryan the
1222
00:55:47,520 --> 00:55:49,260
charismatic socialist republican from
1223
00:55:49,260 --> 00:55:52,079
limnick captured on the Aragon front in
1224
00:55:52,079 --> 00:55:54,780
March 1938 Ryan was the outstanding
1225
00:55:54,780 --> 00:55:57,059
Irish leader in Spain a man who's
1226
00:55:57,059 --> 00:55:59,339
imprisonment by Franco caused the Irish
1227
00:55:59,339 --> 00:56:00,900
government and even the Vatican to
1228
00:56:00,900 --> 00:56:03,300
negotiate for his release
1229
00:56:03,300 --> 00:56:05,220
he had been sentenced to death but
1230
00:56:05,220 --> 00:56:06,900
International agitation had this
1231
00:56:06,900 --> 00:56:10,079
commuter to 30 years in Burgos prison in
1232
00:56:10,079 --> 00:56:12,780
jail Ryan was a sick man aware at first
1233
00:56:12,780 --> 00:56:14,640
that efforts were being made in Ireland
1234
00:56:14,640 --> 00:56:16,980
and in Spain to have him released one
1235
00:56:16,980 --> 00:56:18,780
man who was with him in Burgos was the
1236
00:56:18,780 --> 00:56:21,599
Welsh miners leader Tom Jones he got a
1237
00:56:21,599 --> 00:56:24,599
little unhappy and felt that either a
1238
00:56:24,599 --> 00:56:26,819
the other government wasn't trying hard
1239
00:56:26,819 --> 00:56:28,619
enough or that they couldn't persuade
1240
00:56:28,619 --> 00:56:31,500
Franco to get him out and then he had
1241
00:56:31,500 --> 00:56:32,819
other thoughts in his mind there might
1242
00:56:32,819 --> 00:56:35,099
be other people in Dublin in the Dublin
1243
00:56:35,099 --> 00:56:37,859
government even and or even in some
1244
00:56:37,859 --> 00:56:39,839
other organization who would not want
1245
00:56:39,839 --> 00:56:43,319
him back in in the Republic
1246
00:56:43,319 --> 00:56:45,480
Jones was eventually released leaving
1247
00:56:45,480 --> 00:56:47,760
Ryan behind him and he went to Dublin
1248
00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:50,940
ostensibly to see Ryan's family but I
1249
00:56:50,940 --> 00:56:52,859
was actually conveying a message from
1250
00:56:52,859 --> 00:56:55,380
Frank Ryan to a number of people
1251
00:56:55,380 --> 00:56:58,380
including the IRA and one of the
1252
00:56:58,380 --> 00:57:00,480
messages was that if Frank wasn't
1253
00:57:00,480 --> 00:57:03,059
released within six months that the
1254
00:57:03,059 --> 00:57:06,000
request that Frank requested the IRA to
1255
00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:07,559
blow up every Spanish Embassy in the
1256
00:57:07,559 --> 00:57:08,760
western world
1257
00:57:08,760 --> 00:57:11,880
in August 1940 Frank Ryan was released
1258
00:57:11,880 --> 00:57:13,859
from prison but not to return to Ireland
1259
00:57:13,859 --> 00:57:16,020
for some reason still utterly mysterious
1260
00:57:16,020 --> 00:57:18,540
he turned up in Nazi Germany today to
1261
00:57:18,540 --> 00:57:20,940
this day his old comrades don't know why
1262
00:57:20,940 --> 00:57:24,720
he was taken there but when I uh heard
1263
00:57:24,720 --> 00:57:26,280
that he was in Germany that he'd got
1264
00:57:26,280 --> 00:57:27,660
into Germany
1265
00:57:27,660 --> 00:57:29,280
I was really puzzled and I could only
1266
00:57:29,280 --> 00:57:30,839
think well somebody's forced him to go
1267
00:57:30,839 --> 00:57:34,020
to Germany either Franco site or
1268
00:57:34,020 --> 00:57:36,900
somebody in Dublin has said you will get
1269
00:57:36,900 --> 00:57:38,220
you released from Spain but you can't
1270
00:57:38,220 --> 00:57:40,619
come home to The Republic you must go to
1271
00:57:40,619 --> 00:57:42,980
Germany and
1272
00:57:42,980 --> 00:57:45,720
there were a number of factors which
1273
00:57:45,720 --> 00:57:47,819
made it very difficult for me to
1274
00:57:47,819 --> 00:57:50,099
understand and even still I still feel
1275
00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:53,660
Frank didn't want to go to Germany but
1276
00:58:04,460 --> 00:58:08,099
having been recruited by digestable who
1277
00:58:08,099 --> 00:58:09,180
did interview
1278
00:58:09,180 --> 00:58:11,940
they have to interviewed all of us but
1279
00:58:11,940 --> 00:58:14,040
we could never accept this now believe
1280
00:58:14,040 --> 00:58:16,920
it that uh Franklin effect in this way I
1281
00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:18,540
mystery to you to this day a mystery to
1282
00:58:18,540 --> 00:58:20,460
all of us indeed and I don't think we've
1283
00:58:20,460 --> 00:58:23,400
got the full story of why Frank uh got
1284
00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:24,900
to Germany why he was forced to go there
1285
00:58:24,900 --> 00:58:27,480
because he certainly didn't go he loved
1286
00:58:27,480 --> 00:58:29,160
this country island he was a great Irish
1287
00:58:29,160 --> 00:58:30,599
Patriot and this was his greatest
1288
00:58:30,599 --> 00:58:32,460
ambition to come home to die if he had
1289
00:58:32,460 --> 00:58:34,200
to die and he didn't want to die
1290
00:58:34,200 --> 00:58:36,420
anywhere else but the man who rallied
1291
00:58:36,420 --> 00:58:38,520
the Republicans at the harama was to die
1292
00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:40,799
far from Ireland he died and dressed in
1293
00:58:40,799 --> 00:58:46,280
the 1944 his grave of to Old comrades
1294
00:58:46,380 --> 00:58:49,079
the international Brigade the man who
1295
00:58:49,079 --> 00:58:51,240
had fought in the city Sierras had
1296
00:58:51,240 --> 00:58:53,579
played their part in a war which brought
1297
00:58:53,579 --> 00:58:56,220
defeat to their side they had learned in
1298
00:58:56,220 --> 00:58:58,200
Spain that a man can fight for what he
1299
00:58:58,200 --> 00:59:00,720
believes is right and yet be beaten but
1300
00:59:00,720 --> 00:59:03,240
force can Vanquish spirit that courage
1301
00:59:03,240 --> 00:59:05,760
alone is not enough
1302
00:59:05,760 --> 00:59:08,520
this explains perhaps why so many men in
1303
00:59:08,520 --> 00:59:10,920
the world over regard the Spanish drama
1304
00:59:10,920 --> 00:59:14,420
as a personal tragedy
1305
00:59:15,660 --> 00:59:18,420
in Spain were spared one horror of a
1306
00:59:18,420 --> 00:59:20,520
civil war they never had to face each
1307
00:59:20,520 --> 00:59:21,720
other in battle
1308
00:59:21,720 --> 00:59:23,579
I believe that I went there sincerely
1309
00:59:23,579 --> 00:59:25,980
but if I came there would be no
1310
00:59:25,980 --> 00:59:28,500
compulsion I know education and also
1311
00:59:28,500 --> 00:59:30,240
they were on the side of fascism and we
1312
00:59:30,240 --> 00:59:31,460
were fighting
1313
00:59:31,460 --> 00:59:35,280
uh I feel so much that that there was
1314
00:59:35,280 --> 00:59:37,680
um fighting against
1315
00:59:37,680 --> 00:59:41,880
my own Irish men but then there was uh
1316
00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:44,359
Spanish
1317
00:59:45,260 --> 00:59:48,180
for a different idea
1318
00:59:48,180 --> 00:59:50,280
yes I would have fought them only
1319
00:59:50,280 --> 00:59:51,839
singers I'm afraid I didn't do much
1320
00:59:51,839 --> 00:59:54,119
fighting you know I shouldn't think it
1321
00:59:54,119 --> 00:59:55,140
was possible that we would have met
1322
00:59:55,140 --> 00:59:56,700
though doofy's people
1323
00:59:56,700 --> 00:59:59,400
and had to fight them but had it been
1324
00:59:59,400 --> 01:00:00,960
possible
1325
01:00:00,960 --> 01:00:04,460
well there were fascists weren't they
1326
01:00:04,460 --> 01:00:06,660
sincerely regret it I would still have
1327
01:00:06,660 --> 01:00:09,480
found it my duty it was still Reds and I
1328
01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:12,299
would call this has a horrible thing
1329
01:00:12,299 --> 01:00:15,119
that killed my neighbor's children but
1330
01:00:15,119 --> 01:00:17,900
she would have done it
1331
01:00:21,740 --> 01:00:24,059
was the fight you thought they are worth
1332
01:00:24,059 --> 01:00:26,460
it was it was it a worthwhile right I
1333
01:00:26,460 --> 01:00:28,200
would say it was it was for the
1334
01:00:28,200 --> 01:00:31,319
Christian faith and if we are only or if
1335
01:00:31,319 --> 01:00:33,059
the Spaniards hadn't fought anyone as
1336
01:00:33,059 --> 01:00:36,000
they did then uh Spain would have been
1337
01:00:36,000 --> 01:00:37,740
kind of belong to the Communist blood
1338
01:00:37,740 --> 01:00:40,799
today France would have gone easily the
1339
01:00:40,799 --> 01:00:42,960
whole of Europe would be in the hands of
1340
01:00:42,960 --> 01:00:45,720
of Soviet Russia it's the one thing in
1341
01:00:45,720 --> 01:00:48,119
my life of course it stands out
1342
01:00:48,119 --> 01:00:50,640
it was two years almost two years and
1343
01:00:50,640 --> 01:00:54,859
two long hard years but uh
1344
01:00:55,559 --> 01:00:59,220
I liked it in in its way you know as
1345
01:00:59,220 --> 01:01:01,079
well as you can like our chip anyway but
1346
01:01:01,079 --> 01:01:03,180
I I liked it I'm glad I went
1347
01:01:03,180 --> 01:01:05,099
about its Horrors
1348
01:01:05,099 --> 01:01:08,819
oh yes yes but uh no that wasn't the
1349
01:01:08,819 --> 01:01:10,200
question you asked me you asked me if I
1350
01:01:10,200 --> 01:01:12,359
would go again not if I would want to
1351
01:01:12,359 --> 01:01:14,760
see the horrors again no I
1352
01:01:14,760 --> 01:01:16,319
I wouldn't want to see all those Horrors
1353
01:01:16,319 --> 01:01:17,160
again
1354
01:01:17,160 --> 01:01:19,619
I would never Advocate anybody else to
1355
01:01:19,619 --> 01:01:21,599
go to war I never liked I'm not one of
1356
01:01:21,599 --> 01:01:23,040
these people to say I would have missed
1357
01:01:23,040 --> 01:01:24,839
it for the world because I think anybody
1358
01:01:24,839 --> 01:01:27,000
who gets a real basement Boulevard
1359
01:01:27,000 --> 01:01:29,760
would never want to go again but if
1360
01:01:29,760 --> 01:01:31,079
there was an assessment for people
1361
01:01:31,079 --> 01:01:33,240
participate in a military sense to
1362
01:01:33,240 --> 01:01:35,579
become involved again
1363
01:01:35,579 --> 01:01:39,299
I wouldn't I would I would uh I wouldn't
1364
01:01:39,299 --> 01:01:41,220
be fit to do it obviously in the same
1365
01:01:41,220 --> 01:01:43,740
way but intellectually my feeling as
1366
01:01:43,740 --> 01:01:46,980
such I couldn't do anything I would
1367
01:01:46,980 --> 01:01:50,119
we have a song you remember the old film
1368
01:01:50,119 --> 01:01:52,380
where you may have their likes but we'll
1369
01:01:52,380 --> 01:01:53,880
never have battle
1370
01:01:53,880 --> 01:01:56,040
well that's what I feel about them
1371
01:01:56,040 --> 01:01:58,760
they're a fine body of matter
1372
01:01:58,760 --> 01:02:01,890
bloody owners are fine with them
1373
01:02:01,890 --> 01:02:03,740
[Music]
1374
01:02:03,740 --> 01:02:06,180
Franco commemorated the dead of the
1375
01:02:06,180 --> 01:02:07,920
Spanish Civil War here at the Valley of
1376
01:02:07,920 --> 01:02:09,780
the fall and outside Madrid and it's
1377
01:02:09,780 --> 01:02:12,240
here that he himself is buried the
1378
01:02:12,240 --> 01:02:13,859
generally accepted figure for the dead
1379
01:02:13,859 --> 01:02:16,260
is one million a conveniently round
1380
01:02:16,260 --> 01:02:18,359
figure which seems to suit both Victor
1381
01:02:18,359 --> 01:02:20,760
and vanquished the nationalists can
1382
01:02:20,760 --> 01:02:22,680
argue that they saved Spain from
1383
01:02:22,680 --> 01:02:24,720
communism at the cost of a Million Lives
1384
01:02:24,720 --> 01:02:27,299
the Republicans would say that Franco
1385
01:02:27,299 --> 01:02:30,780
climbed to power over a million Corpses
1386
01:02:30,780 --> 01:02:33,119
they're all remembered here the dead of
1387
01:02:33,119 --> 01:02:37,040
both sides Irish men among them
1388
01:02:40,640 --> 01:02:44,339
their Epitaph was spoken by a former
1389
01:02:44,339 --> 01:02:46,500
president of the Spanish Republic when
1390
01:02:46,500 --> 01:02:49,319
he said when the torch passes to other
1391
01:02:49,319 --> 01:02:51,780
hands to other men to other Generations
1392
01:02:51,780 --> 01:02:54,359
let them remember if they feel their
1393
01:02:54,359 --> 01:02:56,819
blood boil and the Spanish temper is
1394
01:02:56,819 --> 01:02:59,280
once more infuriated with intolerance
1395
01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:01,859
hatred and destruction let them think of
1396
01:03:01,859 --> 01:03:04,680
the dead and listen to their lesson the
1397
01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:07,020
lesson of those who have bravely fallen
1398
01:03:07,020 --> 01:03:09,780
in battle generously fighting for a
1399
01:03:09,780 --> 01:03:12,000
great ideal unto now protected by their
1400
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:15,299
maternal soil feel no hate or ranker and
1401
01:03:15,299 --> 01:03:17,579
who sand us with the sparkling of their
1402
01:03:17,579 --> 01:03:19,440
light tranquil and remote as that of a
1403
01:03:19,440 --> 01:03:21,540
star the message of the Eternal
1404
01:03:21,540 --> 01:03:24,299
Fatherland which says to all men
1405
01:03:24,299 --> 01:03:29,420
peace pity and pardon
1406
01:03:31,819 --> 01:03:37,940
you never behind happy with strangers
1407
01:03:37,940 --> 01:03:42,799
they would not understand
1408
01:03:52,380 --> 01:03:55,380
patiently
1409
01:04:01,440 --> 01:04:04,280
where if you happen
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