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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:34,520 SNUFFLING 2 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:41,560 Sauraha, Nepal. 3 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:46,080 SNUFFLES AND GRUNTS 4 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:53,800 HORN BEEPS 5 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:58,399 DOG WHIMPERS 6 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:02,800 This rhino is not lost. 7 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:10,240 He is on his way to find food. 8 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:19,240 To get it, he must travel through a new and alien world. 9 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:30,639 This rhino in his lifetime 10 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:35,360 has seen more changes than any of his previous generations. 11 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:42,879 Across the globe, 12 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:46,439 animals of all kinds are now contending 13 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:48,960 with one newly dominant species... 14 00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:51,959 ..us. 15 00:01:51,960 --> 00:01:53,800 HORN BEEPS, SIREN WAILS 16 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:03,719 Like so many wild creatures, he's had to learn 17 00:02:03,720 --> 00:02:07,960 how to live in the human world. 18 00:02:23,520 --> 00:02:25,039 Some animals 19 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:27,159 have changed their behaviour 20 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:30,600 to make the most out of living amongst us. 21 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:38,960 These long-tailed macaques live in Bali. 22 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:52,439 They have developed new interests 23 00:02:52,440 --> 00:02:55,440 brought by human visitors. 24 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:08,199 Every morning, the troop heads for a building 25 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:11,240 in the centre of their territory. 26 00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:24,679 Uluwatu Temple. 27 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:26,520 MACAQUES SCREECH 28 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:31,840 Tourists come here every day - in crowds. 29 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:39,440 So the temple grounds are full of opportunities... 30 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:43,600 ..if you know where to look. 31 00:04:10,440 --> 00:04:12,519 WOMAN GASPS 32 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:15,520 There is a constant supply of hats... 33 00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:18,120 ..and sunglasses. 34 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:26,400 And if you've mastered the element of surprise... 35 00:04:27,960 --> 00:04:31,040 ..it's easy to get them. 36 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:47,119 But this harvest is not for eating. 37 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:50,960 It's for bargaining. 38 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:00,760 Seems like a fair trade. 39 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,439 But there are greater rewards to be had 40 00:05:09,440 --> 00:05:12,480 for those who know how to get them. 41 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:15,960 CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK 42 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:21,960 And this old male appears to be doing... 43 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:24,760 ..very well. 44 00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:33,959 He and the other elders in this troop 45 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:38,320 have both experience and knowledge. 46 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:48,239 They've been working the temple for over ten years, 47 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:50,880 and now concentrate on the big stuff... 48 00:05:56,720 --> 00:06:01,240 ..things that human beings just can't do without. 49 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:06,720 WOMAN GASPS 50 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:12,359 No-one wants to walk home with just one shoe. 51 00:06:12,360 --> 00:06:13,880 WOMAN GASPS 52 00:06:18,800 --> 00:06:21,359 And these old boys can't wait 53 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:25,080 to get their hands on the latest tech. 54 00:06:34,320 --> 00:06:36,360 SHE EXCLAIMS 55 00:06:42,680 --> 00:06:46,919 They've worked out that we simply can't survive 56 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:49,160 without our phones... 57 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:54,720 ..or our wallets. 58 00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:04,120 WOMAN EXCLAIMS 59 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:07,680 MACAQUE SCREECHES 60 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,039 WOMAN GASPS 61 00:07:15,040 --> 00:07:17,199 The older males understand 62 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:20,040 something the youngsters have yet to learn... 63 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:26,240 ..the art of the deal. 64 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:31,040 A banana? 65 00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:34,639 How dare you! 66 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:36,480 MACAQUE SCREECHES 67 00:07:37,880 --> 00:07:39,479 A bar of chocolate? 68 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:40,920 That's better. 69 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:48,880 The real skill is in the negotiations. 70 00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:58,120 The macaques are playing us at our own game. 71 00:08:01,080 --> 00:08:02,600 They demand... 72 00:08:04,040 --> 00:08:05,920 ..whatever they want. 73 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:22,480 Humanity has spread to every corner of the globe. 74 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:28,920 We have become a force of nature. 75 00:08:37,920 --> 00:08:42,160 We have altered 80% of the land's surface. 76 00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:53,840 Eight billion people now live on this planet... 77 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:57,519 ..and we are changing the world around us 78 00:08:57,520 --> 00:08:58,840 at such speed... 79 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:06,800 ..that, for animals, the challenge is to keep up. 80 00:09:11,160 --> 00:09:12,760 New York City. 81 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:19,719 Ants. 82 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:23,039 This particular species is thought to have arrived here 83 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:25,520 with the first European settlers. 84 00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:31,999 They are now known as pavement ants 85 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,960 because they live almost exclusively in our towns and cities. 86 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:52,400 And they're thriving because of junk food. 87 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:56,479 And here on Broadway Avenue, 88 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:58,480 there's a lot of it. 89 00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:04,680 This is what every pavement ant desires. 90 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:10,520 And to get it... 91 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,959 ..the ants use the city's thousands of miles 92 00:10:15,960 --> 00:10:17,600 of underground tunnels. 93 00:10:26,320 --> 00:10:29,720 This scout is closing in on its target. 94 00:10:32,800 --> 00:10:35,479 But the animals with which they share the pavement 95 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:38,479 are 40 million times their weight... 96 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:40,320 FOOTSTEPS STOMP 97 00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:45,520 ..so it's best to stay in the cracks. 98 00:10:53,880 --> 00:10:55,879 Jackpot! 99 00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:57,880 A meat mountain. 100 00:10:58,920 --> 00:11:02,720 This is too big a job for just one ant. 101 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:07,279 This worker is female, 102 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:10,159 as they are in all ant colonies, 103 00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:15,120 and she leaves a trail of pheromones to mark a path. 104 00:11:18,640 --> 00:11:21,719 She communicates with every sister she meets 105 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:24,959 as she returns to the nest, 106 00:11:24,960 --> 00:11:28,200 and news on the street spreads fast. 107 00:11:41,240 --> 00:11:43,479 This ultra-processed meat 108 00:11:43,480 --> 00:11:46,120 is very different from their original food. 109 00:11:47,960 --> 00:11:52,200 But their digestive system is the key to their success. 110 00:11:53,480 --> 00:11:55,679 It's able to keep up with the way 111 00:11:55,680 --> 00:11:58,800 humans constantly change their diet. 112 00:12:02,080 --> 00:12:05,879 Nowadays, the vast majority of what they eat 113 00:12:05,880 --> 00:12:08,040 comes from human food. 114 00:12:14,960 --> 00:12:17,359 On Broadway alone, 115 00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:20,119 pavement ants eat the equivalent 116 00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:24,840 of a staggering 60,000 hot dogs every year. 117 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:30,879 The calories in a single hot dog 118 00:12:30,880 --> 00:12:32,439 could fuel the growth 119 00:12:32,440 --> 00:12:35,160 of the entire ant colony for a month... 120 00:12:36,160 --> 00:12:39,640 ..if only they can get it back to the nest. 121 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:57,879 But this slow work makes them vulnerable. 122 00:12:57,880 --> 00:12:59,280 PIGEON COOS 123 00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:07,000 They aren't the only ones partial to fast food. 124 00:13:10,040 --> 00:13:12,680 It's a race to get their prize home. 125 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:20,520 There may be losses... 126 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:26,440 ..but the colony as a whole will now thrive. 127 00:13:29,680 --> 00:13:34,239 In fact, pavement ants are so successful here 128 00:13:34,240 --> 00:13:37,839 that they outnumber human New Yorkers 1,000 to 1. 129 00:13:37,840 --> 00:13:39,680 PIGEONS COO 130 00:13:42,880 --> 00:13:47,879 But success in the human world can be harder to achieve 131 00:13:47,880 --> 00:13:51,800 if your reputation precedes you. 132 00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:03,679 Here in India, 133 00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:07,920 this cobra is heading directly for a village. 134 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:15,720 It has detected the scent of prey. 135 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:19,919 Nearly two metres long, 136 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:23,119 it has enough venom in a single bite 137 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:25,200 to kill ten people. 138 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:42,199 Snake bites are responsible 139 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:45,359 for nearly 60,000 deaths a year 140 00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:47,120 in India alone. 141 00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:57,959 They travel so silently 142 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,480 that their presence is often undetected. 143 00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:15,280 And when they are hunting... 144 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:19,080 ..there is no place they won't go. 145 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:41,400 A toad. 146 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:21,279 Each tip of its forked tongue 147 00:16:21,280 --> 00:16:24,359 collects chemical signals from the prey 148 00:16:24,360 --> 00:16:27,200 and helps to reveal its position. 149 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:34,319 But up close... 150 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:35,639 COBRA HISSES 151 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:37,919 ..the snake relies on movement 152 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:41,000 to precisely locate its prey. 153 00:16:48,680 --> 00:16:51,800 The toad must pick its moment to escape. 154 00:17:14,280 --> 00:17:16,760 Every time it touches the ground... 155 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,320 ..the toad leaves behind a scent. 156 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:33,920 It can hide... 157 00:17:35,360 --> 00:17:38,640 ..but the trail will lead the snake to it. 158 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:19,159 These cobras don't just hunt here. 159 00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:21,040 They live here. 160 00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:27,679 They have found a home where the Hindu villagers revere them 161 00:18:27,680 --> 00:18:31,000 and consider them to be demigods. 162 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:38,319 Remarkably, scientists believe that this tolerance 163 00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:41,080 has led to a change in the snakes' behaviour. 164 00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:46,559 They move more slowly 165 00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:49,360 and are less likely to strike if disturbed. 166 00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:55,679 One of the most feared animals on the planet 167 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,399 has found a place where they are accepted 168 00:18:59,400 --> 00:19:02,240 and can coexist with human beings. 169 00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:13,359 But for many animals living in the human world, 170 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:17,160 it pays to keep a low profile. 171 00:19:22,120 --> 00:19:24,559 Here in Melbourne, Australia, 172 00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:28,080 one creature has perfected the art of camouflage. 173 00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:37,840 A frogmouth chick. 174 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:43,040 Its father helps to hide it during the day. 175 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:49,600 CHICK SQUAWKS 176 00:19:50,760 --> 00:19:53,319 They are nocturnal birds, 177 00:19:53,320 --> 00:19:55,919 and as day turns to night, 178 00:19:55,920 --> 00:19:58,759 its parents come out of the shadows 179 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:02,440 to reap the rewards of urban living. 180 00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:07,679 The city lights create 181 00:20:07,680 --> 00:20:10,400 excellent conditions for hunting. 182 00:20:11,880 --> 00:20:13,599 Every night in the city 183 00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:16,640 is as bright as when there is a full moon. 184 00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:23,360 BIRD SQUAWKS 185 00:20:25,200 --> 00:20:28,560 So city frogmouths often... 186 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:31,960 ..have their mouths full. 187 00:20:36,360 --> 00:20:41,640 He's growing fast, and today he just won't sit still. 188 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:45,639 DOG BARKS 189 00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:48,240 And now he has revealed his presence. 190 00:20:50,520 --> 00:20:53,719 The first rule of frogmouth behaviour is 191 00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:56,399 don't move in the day. 192 00:20:56,400 --> 00:21:00,039 But this is the one time in a frogmouth's life 193 00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:04,479 when the urge to fly simply cannot be suppressed. 194 00:21:04,480 --> 00:21:06,279 DOG PANTS 195 00:21:06,280 --> 00:21:08,760 BEAK CLICKS, DOG BARKS 196 00:21:12,360 --> 00:21:17,960 But he's not ready to leave home just yet. 197 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:24,560 Come night-time... 198 00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:27,760 ..he's hungry again. 199 00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:39,040 He is wide awake... 200 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:44,600 ..and wants to take off where he left off. 201 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:53,239 But he's getting unwanted attention, 202 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:58,280 and this time his parent is not nearby to protect him. 203 00:22:01,960 --> 00:22:04,439 Humans bring pets, 204 00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:09,960 and cats in Australia kill a million birds a day. 205 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:29,680 COLLAR BELL TINKLES 206 00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:56,320 His first proper flight. 207 00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:04,319 But unless he can find a safe place to roost, 208 00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:06,440 he is still in peril. 209 00:23:15,600 --> 00:23:17,120 Made it. 210 00:23:19,760 --> 00:23:23,879 But if he is to survive in the city, like the adults, 211 00:23:23,880 --> 00:23:27,160 he'll have to learn how to blend in. 212 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:44,239 Some animals are so bold 213 00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:46,960 that they don't even try to hide. 214 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:55,160 To see a large predator in the built-up world is a rare sight. 215 00:23:57,760 --> 00:24:01,799 And here in Lake Tahoe, in North America, 216 00:24:01,800 --> 00:24:06,040 these black bears are particularly big... 217 00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:12,039 ..and they're heading right to the centre of town. 218 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:13,479 BEAR CHOMPS 219 00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:16,159 Winter is approaching, 220 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:19,159 and these bears need to put on as much weight as possible 221 00:24:19,160 --> 00:24:21,200 before the snow arrives. 222 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:27,440 This is a great place to gorge. 223 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:34,039 HORN BLARES 224 00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:36,039 It's now bear country. 225 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,079 FENCE CREAKS 226 00:24:39,080 --> 00:24:41,640 Why struggle for a meal... 227 00:24:43,920 --> 00:24:46,000 ..when you can cross the street... 228 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:49,040 ..for a takeaway? 229 00:24:55,920 --> 00:24:58,279 There's so much food here 230 00:24:58,280 --> 00:25:01,479 that some of the bears are 50% heavier 231 00:25:01,480 --> 00:25:03,320 than their country cousins. 232 00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,120 But why stop here? 233 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:15,400 Some bears just want to dine in. 234 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:21,560 WOMAN GASPS 235 00:25:22,680 --> 00:25:28,080 A lucky few are able to get an easy meal from the human world. 236 00:25:30,440 --> 00:25:34,280 But when WE venture to the natural world in search of food... 237 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:38,880 ..the harvest is on a different scale. 238 00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:42,119 In just four decades, 239 00:25:42,120 --> 00:25:46,680 fishing reduced fish populations by half... 240 00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:51,959 ..and created great problems for the ocean predators 241 00:25:51,960 --> 00:25:54,640 that once had such food to themselves. 242 00:25:56,840 --> 00:25:59,240 SHIP'S HORN BLOWS 243 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:04,759 Off the coast of Vancouver Island, 244 00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:07,799 humpback whales inhabit waters 245 00:26:07,800 --> 00:26:10,760 where herring have been overfished. 246 00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:20,680 Humpbacks, however, are renowned for their ingenuity. 247 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:27,039 12 years ago, an adult male called Conger 248 00:26:27,040 --> 00:26:30,600 adopted a totally new way of feeding. 249 00:26:31,880 --> 00:26:35,079 When the density of fish in the water is low, 250 00:26:35,080 --> 00:26:37,640 and birds are diving to catch them... 251 00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:41,759 ..the humpback opens its mouth 252 00:26:41,760 --> 00:26:45,840 and creates a space that the fish mistake for shelter. 253 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:54,920 The fish swim in... 254 00:26:57,880 --> 00:27:00,960 ..and the trap is closed. 255 00:27:07,160 --> 00:27:11,560 Conger was the first humpback whale to be seen doing this. 256 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:19,480 Now 30 whales in the area use this same technique. 257 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,599 The population of humpbacks here is growing, 258 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:31,159 and you might think that this would 259 00:27:31,160 --> 00:27:33,799 reduce fish stocks even more, 260 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:36,680 but something surprising is thought to be happening. 261 00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:42,519 These tiny phytoplankton are the basis of the food chain 262 00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:46,120 and need a vital ingredient to grow. 263 00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:49,560 Iron. 264 00:27:57,320 --> 00:28:00,520 Whale faeces are rich in iron... 265 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:06,520 ..and great whales produce it in enormous quantities... 266 00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:13,520 ..so the phytoplankton flourishes, and herring feed on it. 267 00:28:16,320 --> 00:28:18,679 Whale faeces, in fact, 268 00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:22,320 are helping to restore the whole ecosystem. 269 00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:28,159 The herring attract seabirds, 270 00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:31,719 diving birds attack them from beneath, 271 00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:35,520 and gulls and shearwaters dive on them from above. 272 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:41,400 Even bald eagles benefit from this rich feast. 273 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:23,599 Astonishingly, even though Conger and all the other whales 274 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:26,239 are feasting on fish, 275 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:30,959 their role in fertilising the ocean is so influential 276 00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:35,120 that herring numbers here are actually predicted to increase. 277 00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:46,600 And the role they play in rejuvenating the environment... 278 00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:56,560 ..is having an even greater impact on the human world. 279 00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:08,399 The flourishing plankton also collects carbon 280 00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:10,800 from the atmosphere, just as trees do... 281 00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:17,039 ..so much so that each great whale 282 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:22,240 has the same impact as a forest of 30,000 trees. 283 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:32,800 Our great whales were once hunted... 284 00:30:34,800 --> 00:30:38,039 ..and if they return to their pre-whaling numbers, 285 00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:41,759 it's estimated that this would be equivalent to planting 286 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:45,280 over 30 billion trees. 287 00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:03,720 Whales are now being recognised as benefiting humanity. 288 00:31:08,120 --> 00:31:10,919 But for most large animals, 289 00:31:10,920 --> 00:31:15,200 competition with humans brings conflict. 290 00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:21,599 This six-tonne African bull elephant is in his prime. 291 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:23,480 ELEPHANT GRUNTS 292 00:31:25,400 --> 00:31:28,799 To stand the best chance of winning fights for females, 293 00:31:28,800 --> 00:31:30,720 he needs to be big. 294 00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:37,040 He can smell highly nutritious food is near. 295 00:31:46,720 --> 00:31:48,839 But crossing the boundary to reach it 296 00:31:48,840 --> 00:31:51,280 is a dangerous journey. 297 00:31:57,200 --> 00:32:00,680 He must wait for the cover of darkness. 298 00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:07,920 FIRE CRACKLES 299 00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:16,080 These Kenyan farmers are preparing for the night ahead. 300 00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:21,439 They have had to guard their crops every night 301 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:23,040 for the last two months. 302 00:32:25,840 --> 00:32:29,519 With only two days until harvest, 303 00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:32,720 this is a critical time. 304 00:32:39,520 --> 00:32:40,999 MAN SHOUTS 305 00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:42,479 In a single night, 306 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:45,799 a bull elephant can destroy the entire crops 307 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:47,679 produced by ten farmers. 308 00:32:47,680 --> 00:32:49,599 SHOUTING 309 00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:51,560 ELEPHANT ROARS 310 00:32:56,120 --> 00:32:57,560 MAN SHOUTS 311 00:33:04,360 --> 00:33:07,079 But he's taking a huge risk. 312 00:33:07,080 --> 00:33:08,359 ELEPHANT ROARS 313 00:33:08,360 --> 00:33:10,520 SHOUTING 314 00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:23,399 ELEPHANT SCREECHES 315 00:33:23,400 --> 00:33:25,799 SHOUTING 316 00:33:25,800 --> 00:33:27,320 ELEPHANT ROARS 317 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,280 ELEPHANT TRUMPETS 318 00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:38,720 ELEPHANT ROARS 319 00:33:42,440 --> 00:33:43,759 ELEPHANT ROARS 320 00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:46,199 He's twice the height of a man... 321 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:48,639 ELEPHANT ROARS 322 00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:50,679 ..and he won't back down easily. 323 00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:52,400 SHOUTING 324 00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:59,840 This human-wildlife conflict happens night after night. 325 00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:05,279 And each year, it takes the lives 326 00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:10,240 of up to 200 elephants and 20 people in Kenya alone. 327 00:34:12,200 --> 00:34:13,559 LOW RUMBLING 328 00:34:13,560 --> 00:34:16,840 This standoff is potentially lethal. 329 00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:22,039 The farmers have had to call for help 330 00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:25,160 from a team of highly experienced rangers. 331 00:34:42,240 --> 00:34:43,599 Although they're armed, 332 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,039 their task is to drive the elephant out of the field 333 00:34:47,040 --> 00:34:48,600 without harming it. 334 00:34:51,720 --> 00:34:54,119 But the bull is determined... 335 00:34:54,120 --> 00:34:56,039 ELEPHANT TRUMPETS 336 00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:57,840 ..to hold ground. 337 00:34:59,880 --> 00:35:02,759 LOW RUMBLING 338 00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:05,999 The rangers will have to get closer... 339 00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,039 ELEPHANT ROARS 340 00:35:08,040 --> 00:35:09,480 ..on foot. 341 00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:13,120 ELEPHANT GROWLS 342 00:35:20,120 --> 00:35:21,840 LOW RUMBLING 343 00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:29,199 The rangers have to resort... FIRECRACKER BANGS 344 00:35:29,200 --> 00:35:32,560 ELEPHANT GROWLS ..to firecrackers. 345 00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:38,040 FIRECRACKER BANGS, ELEPHANT ROARS 346 00:35:45,840 --> 00:35:47,640 ELEPHANT GROWLS 347 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:53,639 The bull is driven from this field... 348 00:35:53,640 --> 00:35:54,959 ELEPHANT GROWLS 349 00:35:54,960 --> 00:35:57,720 ..and retreats deep into the bush. 350 00:36:07,400 --> 00:36:09,039 Fortunately for this bull, 351 00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:12,519 the battle has been resolved peacefully. 352 00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:16,599 And efforts like these are seeing fewer elephants killed, 353 00:36:16,600 --> 00:36:20,960 and their population in Kenya is starting to rise again. 354 00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:24,759 But conflict with wildlife 355 00:36:24,760 --> 00:36:27,559 is now occurring on a far greater scale 356 00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:28,759 as a consequence 357 00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:31,640 of the way we are changing the world's climate. 358 00:36:35,520 --> 00:36:36,999 Some arid regions 359 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,720 are now experiencing unusually high rainfall. 360 00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:47,919 And that is good for growing crops 361 00:36:47,920 --> 00:36:50,040 here in northeastern Africa. 362 00:36:52,440 --> 00:36:55,399 But it's also the perfect conditions 363 00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:58,040 for one particular insect. 364 00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:15,360 Desert locusts. 365 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,319 They're normally solitary creatures, 366 00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:25,199 but emerging from the sand in great numbers 367 00:37:25,200 --> 00:37:27,960 triggers a dramatic physical change. 368 00:37:35,600 --> 00:37:37,719 They turn a vivid yellow 369 00:37:37,720 --> 00:37:39,800 and become highly social. 370 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:45,600 Together, they are an unstoppable army. 371 00:37:46,880 --> 00:37:51,560 On foot, they can cover a mile a day. 372 00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:00,480 But they can only go so far in this way. 373 00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:08,440 They need to find height. 374 00:38:19,360 --> 00:38:23,920 Up here, they begin their final transformation. 375 00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:34,079 Normally, it takes an individual insect 376 00:38:34,080 --> 00:38:37,360 at least a month to become a winged adult... 377 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:42,720 ..but in their social form, their development speeds up. 378 00:38:47,560 --> 00:38:50,240 SQUELCHING 379 00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:02,760 Now all they need is for their wings to harden. 380 00:39:14,240 --> 00:39:18,720 Once airborne, they can travel 60 miles in a day. 381 00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:44,040 Swarms merge and they become a plague. 382 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:52,279 This one contains billions of individuals, 383 00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:54,479 and eats as much in a day 384 00:39:54,480 --> 00:39:58,080 as the entire population of Germany. 385 00:40:25,120 --> 00:40:28,199 Today in northeastern Africa, 386 00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:31,640 as a consequence of climate change... 387 00:40:32,640 --> 00:40:35,199 ..devastating surges of locusts 388 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:37,520 are becoming more frequent. 389 00:40:48,120 --> 00:40:52,360 Two worlds are colliding. 390 00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:05,559 Unintentionally, humanity has created exactly the conditions 391 00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:10,040 that cause this species to explode in numbers. 392 00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:38,199 But another group of animals has seen 393 00:41:38,200 --> 00:41:40,679 an even more dramatic rise 394 00:41:40,680 --> 00:41:43,520 as a consequence of OUR actions. 395 00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:50,639 We have increased the numbers of a few species 396 00:41:50,640 --> 00:41:52,679 almost astronomically. 397 00:41:52,680 --> 00:41:54,439 CHICKS CHEEP 398 00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:55,879 By weight, 399 00:41:55,880 --> 00:41:59,919 70% of the world's birds are now chickens 400 00:41:59,920 --> 00:42:02,560 or other domesticated fowl. 401 00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:18,119 We rear 70 billion farm animals each year... 402 00:42:18,120 --> 00:42:19,679 PIG GRUNTS 403 00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:22,480 ..and every one of them needs feeding. 404 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:25,759 Producing the food 405 00:42:25,760 --> 00:42:28,999 for such numbers of domesticated animals 406 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:32,759 is having a profound impact on the natural world. 407 00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:34,720 CHICKENS CLUCK 408 00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:43,399 The Amazon rainforest - 409 00:42:43,400 --> 00:42:46,240 twice the size of India. 410 00:42:48,560 --> 00:42:50,079 It's so rich, 411 00:42:50,080 --> 00:42:54,760 it contains one in every ten species on the planet. 412 00:42:55,880 --> 00:43:00,600 And it's home to this sloth and her ten-month-old baby. 413 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:11,439 He was born into an environment 414 00:43:11,440 --> 00:43:14,560 virtually untouched by humanity. 415 00:43:19,200 --> 00:43:21,240 CHAINSAW BUZZES 416 00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:28,640 But now human beings are claiming even this space. 417 00:43:56,280 --> 00:44:00,399 Year after year, we clear over two million hectares 418 00:44:00,400 --> 00:44:02,239 of the Amazon forest - 419 00:44:02,240 --> 00:44:05,720 an area the size of Wales. 420 00:44:12,520 --> 00:44:14,919 And we use nearly all of it 421 00:44:14,920 --> 00:44:17,480 to make more space for cattle... 422 00:44:18,680 --> 00:44:22,600 ..and to grow soya to feed our livestock. 423 00:44:27,280 --> 00:44:31,439 Today, habitat destruction is the biggest problem 424 00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:35,040 we have created for wildlife around the world. 425 00:44:37,720 --> 00:44:39,880 BRANCHES RUSTLE 426 00:44:41,120 --> 00:44:44,480 This porcupine has survived the fire... 427 00:44:47,640 --> 00:44:49,680 ..and is being rescued. 428 00:44:58,440 --> 00:45:03,120 It's being relocated to pristine forests. 429 00:45:08,640 --> 00:45:11,400 This will be its new home. 430 00:45:19,280 --> 00:45:21,519 Only a fortunate few animals 431 00:45:21,520 --> 00:45:25,000 are being given such a second chance. 432 00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:51,800 A healthy natural world is not only vital for wildlife.... 433 00:45:53,000 --> 00:45:56,880 ..but for our own very existence. 434 00:46:01,800 --> 00:46:06,600 Somehow we must find ways to redress the balance. 435 00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:18,439 Currently, the vast majority of agricultural land, 436 00:46:18,440 --> 00:46:20,679 more than 75%, 437 00:46:20,680 --> 00:46:23,359 is used to raise livestock, 438 00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:25,920 and this is very inefficient. 439 00:46:29,800 --> 00:46:31,760 There are solutions. 440 00:46:33,560 --> 00:46:36,400 One is considering what we eat. 441 00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:49,199 If we shift away from eating meat and dairy 442 00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:52,399 and move towards a plant-based diet, 443 00:46:52,400 --> 00:46:57,160 then the sun's energy goes directly into growing our food. 444 00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:06,959 And because that's so much more efficient, 445 00:47:06,960 --> 00:47:10,519 we could still produce enough to feed us, 446 00:47:10,520 --> 00:47:14,360 but do so using a quarter of the land. 447 00:47:18,320 --> 00:47:22,879 This could free up an area the size of the United States, 448 00:47:22,880 --> 00:47:28,520 China, the European Union and Australia combined... 449 00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:35,880 ..space that could then be given back to nature. 450 00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:43,959 And human innovations may be able 451 00:47:43,960 --> 00:47:46,680 to do even more for wildlife. 452 00:47:49,680 --> 00:47:54,199 High-tech farms now grow plants vertically, 453 00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:59,520 yielding up to 350 times the food grown in the same area. 454 00:48:03,680 --> 00:48:07,079 This is one of many solutions we already have, 455 00:48:07,080 --> 00:48:10,360 and others are surely on the horizon. 456 00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:26,199 To find ways to protect all life on Earth 457 00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:31,319 means reimagining how we live on this planet in the future. 458 00:48:31,320 --> 00:48:33,159 Human ingenuity, 459 00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:36,599 our extraordinary ability to find solutions, 460 00:48:36,600 --> 00:48:39,959 gives me hope that we can. 461 00:48:39,960 --> 00:48:42,279 It will be the major challenge 462 00:48:42,280 --> 00:48:45,240 for this generation and the next. 463 00:49:12,080 --> 00:49:13,799 To film the impact 464 00:49:13,800 --> 00:49:15,919 that fires are having on the Amazon, 465 00:49:15,920 --> 00:49:17,279 the Planet Earth III team 466 00:49:17,280 --> 00:49:20,960 joined a local volunteer fire brigade. 467 00:49:23,000 --> 00:49:25,239 The fire brigade are responding to a patch 468 00:49:25,240 --> 00:49:27,759 of primary rainforest that is burning. 469 00:49:27,760 --> 00:49:29,479 It's been burning for two days now. 470 00:49:29,480 --> 00:49:32,280 It's difficult to know what we're going to see. 471 00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:37,880 The fires are mainly lit illegally... 472 00:49:39,440 --> 00:49:41,800 ..to clear space for cattle. 473 00:49:49,240 --> 00:49:51,640 TRANSLATION: 474 00:49:58,560 --> 00:50:01,639 Battling fires is dangerous work. 475 00:50:01,640 --> 00:50:05,760 But the firefighters face them every day. 476 00:50:07,240 --> 00:50:09,279 For the wildlife film crew, 477 00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:12,240 this is a totally new experience. 478 00:50:13,240 --> 00:50:17,159 And these fires can be unpredictable. 479 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:19,520 Neil, don't spend long in there. 480 00:50:22,440 --> 00:50:24,560 TRANSLATION: 481 00:50:41,120 --> 00:50:42,360 Oh! 482 00:50:44,160 --> 00:50:45,840 TRANSLATION: 483 00:50:52,600 --> 00:50:55,399 With the ground team retreating, 484 00:50:55,400 --> 00:50:59,480 the safest way to carry on filming is with the drone. 485 00:51:26,320 --> 00:51:29,359 Have we lost the drone? I think Abi has seen it. 486 00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:30,559 Abi is on her way. 487 00:51:30,560 --> 00:51:33,360 Can you confirm you're on your way to the drone, Abi? 488 00:51:36,400 --> 00:51:38,320 TRANSLATION: 489 00:51:40,560 --> 00:51:42,000 MAN SHOUTS 490 00:51:44,240 --> 00:51:46,760 ABI: 491 00:51:52,040 --> 00:51:55,400 The drone is damaged beyond repair. 492 00:51:56,720 --> 00:51:58,359 Don't worry about it. I mean it. 493 00:51:58,360 --> 00:52:00,999 Don't worry about it. It's absolutely fine. 494 00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:02,599 It's not OK. It is. It's OK. 495 00:52:02,600 --> 00:52:04,319 It's equipment. We've got a spare. 496 00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:06,960 The main thing is, we're all safe. No-one's hurt. 497 00:52:09,640 --> 00:52:11,560 The team regroup... 498 00:52:13,520 --> 00:52:15,959 ..and decide to move away from the heart of the fire 499 00:52:15,960 --> 00:52:18,079 to its fringes 500 00:52:18,080 --> 00:52:21,240 to look for animals caught up in the flames. 501 00:52:23,400 --> 00:52:26,640 There's been reports of a monkey in the trees, so... 502 00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:28,999 Ah! 503 00:52:29,000 --> 00:52:31,279 THEY SPEAK PORTUGUESE 504 00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:33,519 The problem is, there's fires all the way along here, 505 00:52:33,520 --> 00:52:35,919 as well as all along here, so... 506 00:52:35,920 --> 00:52:38,079 It's hard to know what all this wildlife is going to do 507 00:52:38,080 --> 00:52:40,400 when their home is burnt up like this. 508 00:52:42,320 --> 00:52:46,359 I don't know what it's like for these rainforest animals 509 00:52:46,360 --> 00:52:47,839 to be experiencing a fire. 510 00:52:47,840 --> 00:52:49,760 It's horrific for me, so... 511 00:52:50,840 --> 00:52:53,480 ..I don't know what it is for them. 512 00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:00,080 The fires burn into the night. 513 00:53:12,080 --> 00:53:14,119 The following day, 514 00:53:14,120 --> 00:53:17,039 the crew accompany the firefighters 515 00:53:17,040 --> 00:53:20,840 in the search for animals in the aftermath. 516 00:53:22,240 --> 00:53:24,999 Oh, my God, there are flames all inside of it. 517 00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:26,680 Little termite... 518 00:53:28,200 --> 00:53:30,280 Oh, my God! 519 00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:36,040 Remarkably, some animals have survived. 520 00:53:44,800 --> 00:53:47,040 TRANSLATION: 521 00:54:33,400 --> 00:54:35,239 Clearing land for farming 522 00:54:35,240 --> 00:54:37,720 is not a problem unique to the Amazon. 523 00:54:39,800 --> 00:54:43,639 Agriculture now takes up half of the habitable land 524 00:54:43,640 --> 00:54:45,520 on the planet. 525 00:54:47,360 --> 00:54:50,319 To produce food with less impact on the natural world 526 00:54:50,320 --> 00:54:53,200 requires new approaches. 527 00:54:54,400 --> 00:54:58,359 And that led the wildlife film crew to a farm 528 00:54:58,360 --> 00:55:00,520 in a warehouse. 529 00:55:05,040 --> 00:55:06,879 We're in the middle of the city! 530 00:55:06,880 --> 00:55:09,079 I can't believe so much food 531 00:55:09,080 --> 00:55:11,600 being grown in such a small space! 532 00:55:14,400 --> 00:55:18,879 Here in Los Angeles, 6,000 miles from the Amazon, 533 00:55:18,880 --> 00:55:22,520 this farm is part of a burgeoning food revolution. 534 00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:27,319 This is the most productive farm in the world, 535 00:55:27,320 --> 00:55:30,079 and it's our goal to reduce the amount of land and resources 536 00:55:30,080 --> 00:55:32,479 necessary to grow down to the bare minimum. 537 00:55:32,480 --> 00:55:34,919 It took a while to understand that, for nature, 538 00:55:34,920 --> 00:55:36,959 agricultural use of land 539 00:55:36,960 --> 00:55:40,639 was the primary, like, destructive behaviour of humanity. 540 00:55:40,640 --> 00:55:43,839 As we expand this means of growing, 541 00:55:43,840 --> 00:55:46,999 I'm very hopeful that this approach can ultimately 542 00:55:47,000 --> 00:55:49,239 give a lot of land back to nature 543 00:55:49,240 --> 00:55:52,040 and allow that biodiversity to re-establish and flourish. 544 00:55:54,360 --> 00:55:57,840 Not only does this farm use less space... 545 00:55:59,040 --> 00:56:03,239 ..but it also uses 90% less water, 546 00:56:03,240 --> 00:56:05,639 no pesticides, 547 00:56:05,640 --> 00:56:08,040 and cuts food miles. 548 00:56:10,680 --> 00:56:13,639 It does feel like a really good start. 549 00:56:13,640 --> 00:56:19,839 Ideas like this can reduce our footprint on the planet, 550 00:56:19,840 --> 00:56:24,640 giving the natural world a chance to bounce back. 551 00:56:33,920 --> 00:56:35,679 Next time, 552 00:56:35,680 --> 00:56:39,640 the heroes on the frontline saving wildlife. 553 00:56:42,280 --> 00:56:45,120 They're exploring remote jungles... 554 00:56:46,880 --> 00:56:50,200 ..working undercover to catch criminals... 555 00:56:51,720 --> 00:56:55,120 ..and leading endangered creatures to safety. 556 00:56:58,080 --> 00:57:02,279 Habitat Explorer brings animals and their habitats to life. 557 00:57:02,280 --> 00:57:05,919 Explore this free interactive and make origami animals. 558 00:57:05,920 --> 00:57:09,999 Go to... 559 00:57:10,000 --> 00:57:12,239 ..and follow the links to the Open University. 560 00:57:12,240 --> 00:57:15,639 Or to order a free printed version, visit the website 561 00:57:15,640 --> 00:57:18,240 or call the number on the screen. 41016

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