All language subtitles for 3. Fundamentals 3 Interview Questions Answers

Hello, everyone.

In this lecture, we will discuss about some fundamentals three interview questions and answers.

So let me start the first answer.

What is an IP address?

We all know IP address.

Who manage the IP address?

So this type of question are generally they ask to freshers and sometimes our very senior level because

it's always a very difficult to remember the basic concepts.

So what is it or what it is?

IP stands for Internet protocol, we all know.

Right?

So what exactly the IP address is?

So it's nothing but an address, having information about how to reach your destination, or you can

say how to reach a specific host, especially if we talk about the outside, the LAN.

So IP addresses containing 32 bit of unique address and 232 ADC spaces.

And generally they have the two notations, number one decimal notation.

And number second, we have hexadecimal notation.

Now who manage this IP address?

So it's a there is a form or it gets the authority that is called Ayana, that is Internet assigned

numbers authority.

So this is the authority.

This is one of the standard organizations who assign the IPS to every event.

You can see the organizations.

Now, what are the different classes of IP addresses and what are the range of each classes?

So basically there are five classes A, B, C, D and D, and if you talk about the ranges, this is

all in front of you.

If you talk about the class E Right?

So this is 1 to 126 and class B 128.

Okay, now there is something missing, right?

126 and 128.

So where is 127.

So 127 series used by eon just for the loopback testing purpose.

Right.

So they can also ask you that what is loopback testing or what is loopback address.

So keep remember this whole series is known as loopback.

Loopback is generally, if I can say it's nothing, but whenever there is some communication, TCP,

IP or whatever that is going to, you know, when we loopback that that is not going to outside that

IP so that what exactly the loopback address.

Now our class C, we have 190 to 2 or 2 to 3 class D which is reserved for multi casting.

We will talk about the IPI multi casting as well and class E we have for the experimental purpose.

Now this is the particular link tutorials point.

You can go to that and you can learn more about IPV addresses.

Now what is subnet mask?

So subnet mask is a 32 bit number that is used to identify the subnet of an IP address.

Now exactly why it is 32 bit.

So because every octet have eight bit, now there is four.

You can say there is four things.

So we have multiply eight into four.

That is 32, right.

And obviously we can't understand in the form of ones and zeros, but computer can understand one and

zero.

So they have the combination of ones and zeros.

We all know about the binary one.

Right.

So let me show you just an example.

So these are eight octets, right?

That is 255.

Again, eight octets are 255.

Sorry, eight bits.

My bad.

And again, there is eight bits.

Right.

So it's totally like this one, 255.

This isn't there a decimal form and this one is that in the binary one you can say.

And this is the purpose.

Sorry.

This is the link where you can directly jump and you can check all these related concepts.

What exactly?

The subnet marks were a mask and how actually it works.

Right?

Now what is the fall gateway?

So our checking the default gateway is very actually very simple.

You can just go for the, you know, just open the command prompt and just enter IP config and you will

get your default gateway.

But what it is exactly so it's nothing but you know, it generally connects the internal network to

the outside network.

So this is what a default gateway it sometimes it also, you know, act as a proxy server and a firewall.

So what protocol is used by the ping ping command.

Right.

So it's nothing but the ICMP, which is not, which is Internet control message protocol.

And that protocol is used by ping.

So now name the ports used by FTP.

So particular there are two ports of FTP 21 and 20.

Now 21 is used for the control connection, whereas the 20 port number 20 used for that data connection.

Now what is the difference between them?

So control connection is basically for sending the control information, let's say ID or maybe the password,

maybe something command to change the remote directory if you want to send any some stored files.

These are the things which is used by the control organization.

And.

Whereas, the data connection.

This is for sending the actual file.

Now what is my address?

We all know every devices who have the Internet, they have some MAC addresses, right?

So Mac addresses are unique and they have the 48 bit hardware numbers of computers which are embedded

into a network card.

Now, they can also ask you a question that where that Mac Mac address is embedded in your laptop.

So your answer should be it might be in an I see maybe in that I can see the motherboard or directly

you can say that will be enough.

And I see that there is network interface card.

Generally that's why we we called it sometimes and I see.

Now the Mac address is also known as the physical address of a network device.

And what is IP multicast?

We were talking about that.

Right.

So multicast is nothing but one sender sending or transferring of data.

Or maybe there's some traffic from one senders, right?

Some one senders to more recipients or maybe one or more senders to one or more recipients.

So and vice versa.

This is how exactly it works.

Now in multicast traffic slack between the boundaries of unicast and broadcast.

So it servers direct single copies of data streams and that are then simulated and touted to host that

requested.

You can this is a very good concept actually.

IP multicast so you can Google it more because as this is not a full course only for the IP multicast.

Otherwise I definitely I will tell you how exactly it's it's a very good concept.

You can directly Google and you will get to know each and everything.

So the difference between public and private IP addresses.

We all know private IP.

Right.

There are particular class ABC.

There is some private IP.

Apart from that, there is some.

Public IP is mainly public IP.

Right.

So private IP is used with the local network and public IP is used for the outside the network.

So here is are some differences.

Private tips for the local public is for the global and private IP address to communicate within the

network.

Right.

For example, ten or something.

Something right.

And public IP address is to communicate outside the network.

For example, let's say

1197.65.2, something like that, right?

Private IP address differ in uniform manner.

Public IP address differs in varying range.

So you can you can check all these differences.

Right.

And private IP address are free of cost, whereas public IP address comes with the cost and who assigned

it i a and name.

Right.

I hope you remember this name, ICANN.

Oh.

Can you explain what?

Subletting.

So, yeah.

So when a bigger network is divided into smaller networks in order to maintain security, then that

is known as the subletting means you are breaking the subnets, you are breaking the subnets into some

smaller networks.

You can say this thing.

So that will be very easy, you know, to maintain the networks because maintaining the smaller networks

is far easier than maintaining the bigger network.

Now, can you know what is the network address?

Translation That is the net.

I hope you have a you know already about this one, but if you don't know, then let me tell you that

once you will start working in the organization, every time you will face this IP, native IP.

Why what exactly it is?

So it's a network address translation and it is a process in which one are more local IP address, right?

It may be one or it may be multiple is transferred into one or more global IP address.

Why they are transferring because in order to access the internet.

That's why we we need the needed IPS.

So it may be the vice versa, not not only for the local IP address to global IP address.

Right.

So it it may be the vice versa like this one.

Now explain the difference between static and dynamic IP.

A static IP definitely is not going to change anytime.

Okay.

That is not add not change any.

At any time, right?

This one should not be there.

Okay.

Which means it's a static IP address and it's provided.

Then it can be changed or modified.

Whereas the dynamic is always changing.

Right.

For example, if you see somewhere, if you like like IBM, there is an IBM X-Force, right?

Whenever you are going to search any of the public IP, let's say the Tor IP, it's going to be a dynamic

one.

And let's say you have the static IP, something like a which is exactly assigned to some organization,

then it's a static IP because they are not going to change their IP.

Now.

How will my computer get its IP address?

Actually, how I can see the IP address.

That should be the right to a question.

So directly, we need to start the programs.

We need to open the command phone and we need to just enter IP config.

Once you will write the IP config and enter it, you will you will get all all your details from the

default gateway to subnet masks to your IP address, each and everything.

Now IPV six backward compatible with the IPV four no IP which is not compatible.

Compatible.

Is it possible to have an IP of IPV four and IPV six address simultaneously?

Yes.

It may be happen.

It can be happen.

Yes, it is possible.

And what is irony?

We already told you it's it assigned the IPS.

So it's one of the authority.

We just signed the IP's.

What is IP config?

IP config is nothing but internet protocol configuration and this is usually a command line application

that displays all current TCP IP network configuration and the exact tech sector.

What are the differences between MAC address and IP addresses?

So it's very simple.

MAC Address Systems for Media Access Control.

IP Address Systems for Internet Protocol.

MAC Address Having six byte hexadecimal IP I there is IP before and IPv6, so IPV four having four byte

and IPV six having eight bytes and a device attached with MAC address can retrieve by ERP protocol and

a device address with IP address and by wrap aria IP protocol.

So there is an C card manufactured provided by the MAC address.

And here is internet service provider Mac address is used to ensure physical address of the computer,

whereas the IP address is for that logical address of the computer.

Now what is 127?

It's a loopback address.

We already talked about it.

What is the difference between IP config and I have config commands.

So IP is IGF config is interface configuration.

Generally we use for the in Linux and IP config is Internet protocol configuration, that one we use

in Windows.

So that's it.

Guys will meet in the next lecture.