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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,042 --> 00:00:03,333 WILLIAM SHATNER: Massive stone heads 2 00:00:03,500 --> 00:00:05,667 with mysterious magnetic properties. 3 00:00:05,792 --> 00:00:07,625 A miraculous staircase, 4 00:00:07,792 --> 00:00:11,000 designed by a divine architect. 5 00:00:11,125 --> 00:00:13,625 And a subterranean chamber 6 00:00:13,833 --> 00:00:16,208 where ancient priests could speak... 7 00:00:16,375 --> 00:00:18,042 with the dead. 8 00:00:19,167 --> 00:00:22,167 Since the dawn of civilization, 9 00:00:22,375 --> 00:00:24,833 mankind has built countless structures 10 00:00:24,958 --> 00:00:27,083 for a myriad of different purposes. 11 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:28,958 But there are some that-- 12 00:00:29,167 --> 00:00:30,583 for one reason or another-- 13 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:32,000 are considered to be special, 14 00:00:32,208 --> 00:00:36,125 and may be imbued with mystical powers. 15 00:00:36,292 --> 00:00:38,417 For instance, can a formation of standing stones 16 00:00:38,583 --> 00:00:41,083 really harness the energy of the Earth? 17 00:00:42,292 --> 00:00:45,333 Or can a magnificent cathedral 18 00:00:45,500 --> 00:00:50,167 actually bring people in touch with God? 19 00:00:50,333 --> 00:00:53,500 Well, that's what we'll try and find out. 20 00:00:53,708 --> 00:00:55,667 ♪ ♪ 21 00:01:09,958 --> 00:01:12,708 Here, sitting atop a grassy clearing 22 00:01:12,833 --> 00:01:14,458 in the English countryside, 23 00:01:14,542 --> 00:01:17,292 about 80 miles west of the city of Plymouth, 24 00:01:17,458 --> 00:01:20,417 is a set of three monoliths 25 00:01:20,542 --> 00:01:23,833 that stand out from the natural landscape. 26 00:01:24,042 --> 00:01:26,000 In the language of ancient Britain, 27 00:01:26,208 --> 00:01:28,167 the site was named Mên-an-Tol, 28 00:01:28,375 --> 00:01:30,792 which translates to 29 00:01:30,958 --> 00:01:33,667 the Stone of the Hole. 30 00:01:35,542 --> 00:01:39,125 RONALD HUTTON: There's nothing else on Earth quite like the Mên-an-Tol. 31 00:01:39,250 --> 00:01:43,083 It consists of a big, round stone 32 00:01:43,250 --> 00:01:45,458 with a big, round hole in the middle of it. 33 00:01:46,750 --> 00:01:48,042 It's a couple of feet across. 34 00:01:48,208 --> 00:01:51,000 You can crawl through it quite comfortably. 35 00:01:51,167 --> 00:01:54,000 And there's a straight stone on either side. 36 00:01:54,167 --> 00:01:57,000 It's highly visible in the landscape 37 00:01:57,208 --> 00:01:58,750 and bafflingly mysterious. 38 00:02:00,292 --> 00:02:02,250 SHATNER: Archaeologists believe that Mên-an-Tol 39 00:02:02,417 --> 00:02:05,958 was constructed around the year 2000 BC. 40 00:02:06,125 --> 00:02:08,250 It is also thought that there were once 41 00:02:08,375 --> 00:02:12,167 additional monoliths that encircled the center stone, 42 00:02:12,333 --> 00:02:14,958 which have been lost to time. 43 00:02:15,083 --> 00:02:17,167 There's something very melodramatic 44 00:02:17,333 --> 00:02:18,625 about the Mên-an-Tol. 45 00:02:18,833 --> 00:02:20,833 There has to be a reason 46 00:02:21,042 --> 00:02:23,542 why ancient people had put up a big stone 47 00:02:23,708 --> 00:02:25,542 with a big hole in it. 48 00:02:25,708 --> 00:02:27,833 And the real thing to do with a stone with a hole 49 00:02:27,917 --> 00:02:29,167 is crawl through it. 50 00:02:29,375 --> 00:02:32,500 So, there must be a good reason for that. 51 00:02:32,708 --> 00:02:34,250 Local folklore says 52 00:02:34,375 --> 00:02:36,667 that crawling through the center of the Mên-an-Tol 53 00:02:36,792 --> 00:02:37,958 is really good for you. 54 00:02:38,125 --> 00:02:40,250 Diseased children can get better, 55 00:02:40,417 --> 00:02:42,417 especially if they've got rickets. 56 00:02:42,542 --> 00:02:45,167 And if you put a couple of brass pins 57 00:02:45,333 --> 00:02:47,333 on the top of the holed stone, 58 00:02:47,500 --> 00:02:50,500 the way in which they fall off 59 00:02:50,708 --> 00:02:52,667 can predict your future. 60 00:02:53,708 --> 00:02:56,250 HUGH NEWMAN: When it comes to Mên-an-Tol in Cornwall, 61 00:02:56,375 --> 00:02:59,167 we have to question what is going on here. 62 00:02:59,333 --> 00:03:01,292 Is this really a magical place? 63 00:03:01,500 --> 00:03:03,708 Is it just ancient traditions? 64 00:03:03,875 --> 00:03:05,208 Or is there some reality 65 00:03:05,375 --> 00:03:07,542 to the power of these ancient stones? 66 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:10,333 SHATNER: Mên-an-Tol is just one 67 00:03:10,542 --> 00:03:14,333 of approximately 1,300 ancient monoliths 68 00:03:14,500 --> 00:03:18,167 that are scattered throughout the British Isles. 69 00:03:19,208 --> 00:03:21,458 It may sound outlandish to think 70 00:03:21,583 --> 00:03:24,583 that Mên-an-Tol and other standing stone sites 71 00:03:24,708 --> 00:03:27,625 can have a mystical effect on people, but... 72 00:03:27,792 --> 00:03:30,250 who can say for sure that they don't? 73 00:03:31,250 --> 00:03:33,667 Because even after centuries of study, 74 00:03:33,833 --> 00:03:36,417 these remarkable structures 75 00:03:36,583 --> 00:03:39,708 remain shrouded in mystery. 76 00:03:40,750 --> 00:03:45,083 HUTTON: Stonehenge gets all the fame and the recognition, 77 00:03:45,250 --> 00:03:48,417 but there are thousands and thousands 78 00:03:48,625 --> 00:03:52,000 of other prehistoric monuments that are worth attention 79 00:03:52,167 --> 00:03:53,875 up and down the British Isles. 80 00:03:55,250 --> 00:03:59,000 For example, Avebury is absolutely stunning 81 00:03:59,167 --> 00:04:01,375 because it's a very big place. 82 00:04:01,542 --> 00:04:03,208 What you're looking at there 83 00:04:03,375 --> 00:04:08,500 is an enormous bank with a ditch inside it, 84 00:04:08,625 --> 00:04:12,250 and inside this enormous circular enclosure 85 00:04:12,375 --> 00:04:17,333 was originally a hundred stones in a circle. 86 00:04:17,542 --> 00:04:20,750 And inside this enormous circle of stones 87 00:04:20,917 --> 00:04:26,042 are the remnants of two other enormous stone circles. 88 00:04:26,167 --> 00:04:28,333 I mean, the place is so big 89 00:04:28,542 --> 00:04:30,792 that about half of the village 90 00:04:30,917 --> 00:04:33,208 was built inside it. 91 00:04:33,417 --> 00:04:36,417 It was an entire community. 92 00:04:37,583 --> 00:04:40,458 ANDREW COLLINS: The largest standing stone in Britain 93 00:04:40,625 --> 00:04:43,500 is known as the Rudston Monolith. 94 00:04:43,583 --> 00:04:47,833 It's around 25 to 26 feet in height, 95 00:04:48,042 --> 00:04:53,042 but there is just as much of it under the ground, 96 00:04:53,208 --> 00:04:57,833 creating this huge, great monolith 97 00:04:58,042 --> 00:05:00,667 almost 60 feet in length. 98 00:05:01,583 --> 00:05:03,083 The significant thing about this 99 00:05:03,208 --> 00:05:05,542 is that the type of stone 100 00:05:05,708 --> 00:05:08,958 that it's made from can only be sourced 101 00:05:09,083 --> 00:05:11,250 about 30 miles to the north. 102 00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:14,917 That meant that it was dragged 103 00:05:15,083 --> 00:05:18,208 in some way to its position 104 00:05:18,417 --> 00:05:20,500 in the village of Rudston. 105 00:05:20,667 --> 00:05:23,542 And we have to ask ourselves, 106 00:05:23,708 --> 00:05:26,458 is there a greater purpose behind all of this? 107 00:05:26,583 --> 00:05:29,375 And if so, what is that greater purpose? 108 00:05:29,500 --> 00:05:34,500 ED BARNHART: In the UK, right now, we have thousands of known monuments, 109 00:05:34,667 --> 00:05:39,208 but there were probably thousands more originally. 110 00:05:39,375 --> 00:05:43,000 We do know that the people who built the megaliths 111 00:05:43,125 --> 00:05:47,667 in the UK were early farmers. 112 00:05:47,875 --> 00:05:51,875 They were from 4000 to about 2000 BCE. 113 00:05:52,917 --> 00:05:55,042 But we really don't know what language they spoke, 114 00:05:55,208 --> 00:05:58,875 we don't really know how they socially organized themselves 115 00:05:59,042 --> 00:06:00,458 or their politics. 116 00:06:00,625 --> 00:06:02,958 So, it's still very much a question 117 00:06:03,125 --> 00:06:04,958 exactly why they built them. 118 00:06:06,833 --> 00:06:08,917 SHATNER: Why would pre-historic people go to the trouble 119 00:06:09,125 --> 00:06:11,667 of erecting heavy standing stones that weighed, 120 00:06:11,833 --> 00:06:15,583 in some cases, as much as 40 tons? 121 00:06:15,750 --> 00:06:20,375 Well, one theory suggests that these monoliths 122 00:06:20,542 --> 00:06:24,875 served as a connection to a higher plane of existence. 123 00:06:26,375 --> 00:06:29,625 In many cases, these standing stones 124 00:06:29,750 --> 00:06:34,000 seem to be orientated towards celestial events... 125 00:06:35,542 --> 00:06:39,000 ...such as the rising and setting of the Sun 126 00:06:39,208 --> 00:06:42,500 at the equinoxes and the solstices. 127 00:06:42,625 --> 00:06:46,500 And so, these monoliths are very clearly 128 00:06:46,667 --> 00:06:49,333 a reflection of this belief 129 00:06:49,458 --> 00:06:51,542 of contact with higher forces 130 00:06:51,708 --> 00:06:54,833 that would have taken place through the ceremonies 131 00:06:55,042 --> 00:06:59,792 and the rituals that would go on once, maybe twice a year. 132 00:07:00,833 --> 00:07:05,083 SHATNER: Were these monolithic sites built for ceremonial purposes? 133 00:07:05,250 --> 00:07:06,875 It's an intriguing theory, 134 00:07:07,042 --> 00:07:08,917 and some researchers suggest 135 00:07:09,083 --> 00:07:11,333 that England's standing stones 136 00:07:11,500 --> 00:07:14,167 were also connected to each other. 137 00:07:15,583 --> 00:07:19,083 Because, as it turns out, many of these monoliths 138 00:07:19,250 --> 00:07:22,458 appear to be geographically aligned 139 00:07:22,625 --> 00:07:27,875 on what are commonly referred to as ley lines. 140 00:07:29,375 --> 00:07:33,458 Ley lines or leys were first visualized 141 00:07:33,583 --> 00:07:36,500 by a thinker and visionary 142 00:07:36,708 --> 00:07:39,792 called Alfred Watkins in the 1920s. 143 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,167 He wrote a book called The Old Straight Track, 144 00:07:43,333 --> 00:07:48,542 which said that a whole range of prehistoric monuments 145 00:07:48,750 --> 00:07:52,292 are connected by extremely long lines, 146 00:07:52,458 --> 00:07:54,792 even corridors, that stretch across 147 00:07:54,917 --> 00:07:56,583 the length and breadth of Britain. 148 00:07:58,542 --> 00:08:00,208 SHATNER: Alfred Watkins theorized 149 00:08:00,375 --> 00:08:01,667 that the straight lines 150 00:08:01,792 --> 00:08:04,042 which connect Britain's monoliths 151 00:08:04,208 --> 00:08:06,667 were ancient trade routes. 152 00:08:06,833 --> 00:08:10,458 But some researchers disagree, 153 00:08:10,625 --> 00:08:12,292 and claim that the massive stones 154 00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:14,583 were placed along ley lines 155 00:08:14,750 --> 00:08:17,708 to serve a more energetic purpose. 156 00:08:20,875 --> 00:08:24,250 COLLINS: It would seem that the whole long lines of monuments 157 00:08:24,417 --> 00:08:26,333 are connected with 158 00:08:26,500 --> 00:08:30,000 the geomagnetic fields of the Earth... 159 00:08:30,167 --> 00:08:34,667 and that the peoples of Britain 160 00:08:34,792 --> 00:08:38,750 created these stone circles and standing stones 161 00:08:38,875 --> 00:08:43,667 to enhance this natural energy of the landscape. 162 00:08:45,208 --> 00:08:47,667 SHATNER: Is it possible that ancient people, 163 00:08:47,875 --> 00:08:49,667 who did not even have written language, 164 00:08:49,833 --> 00:08:53,500 figured out how to use monoliths 165 00:08:53,667 --> 00:08:55,542 to harness the energy of the Earth? 166 00:08:55,708 --> 00:08:58,042 And if so, for what purpose? 167 00:08:59,417 --> 00:09:01,833 If pre-historic people 168 00:09:02,042 --> 00:09:04,875 believed that there were 169 00:09:05,042 --> 00:09:08,083 currents of Earth energy, then pre-historic monuments 170 00:09:08,250 --> 00:09:11,333 may have been put where they were in the landscape 171 00:09:11,500 --> 00:09:15,708 because they would have amplified prayers, 172 00:09:15,875 --> 00:09:19,958 invocations, chants, drumming, singing, 173 00:09:20,125 --> 00:09:22,542 and that would have considerably enhanced ceremonies. 174 00:09:22,708 --> 00:09:25,625 It's going to create a very impressive effect 175 00:09:25,792 --> 00:09:28,208 for religious purposes. 176 00:09:28,417 --> 00:09:30,542 (intense drumming) 177 00:09:32,583 --> 00:09:35,875 SHATNER: Although numerous intriguing theories have been put forward, 178 00:09:36,042 --> 00:09:39,583 ultimately, no one has been able to explain 179 00:09:39,750 --> 00:09:43,292 the purpose, placement, and construction 180 00:09:43,458 --> 00:09:47,042 of Britain's remarkable monoliths. 181 00:09:48,375 --> 00:09:51,000 There's a lot of things we don't know 182 00:09:51,167 --> 00:09:52,667 about these megalithic structures. 183 00:09:52,875 --> 00:09:55,292 We really don't know how they did it, 184 00:09:55,417 --> 00:09:56,417 why they did it. 185 00:09:56,583 --> 00:09:57,792 These are important questions 186 00:09:57,958 --> 00:10:00,750 and we have certain hints, 187 00:10:00,917 --> 00:10:03,750 but most of it is still pretty much a mystery. 188 00:10:03,917 --> 00:10:08,292 What we can say is that there was a unified effort 189 00:10:08,500 --> 00:10:10,917 around building these monoliths. 190 00:10:11,083 --> 00:10:15,625 And that they are certainly cornerstone and symbolic 191 00:10:15,750 --> 00:10:19,792 of ancient Britain's culture. 192 00:10:30,542 --> 00:10:32,333 SHATNER: Archeologist Matthew Stirling 193 00:10:32,500 --> 00:10:34,708 is excavating an ancient site 194 00:10:34,917 --> 00:10:37,583 once occupied by the Olmec people... 195 00:10:38,875 --> 00:10:41,458 ...a lost Mesoamerican civilization 196 00:10:41,625 --> 00:10:44,500 dating as far back as 1200 BC. 197 00:10:45,542 --> 00:10:49,042 As Stirling's team unearths and catalogs numerous artifacts, 198 00:10:49,208 --> 00:10:52,292 they notice a number of unusually large, 199 00:10:52,500 --> 00:10:55,375 rounded boulders buried nearby. 200 00:10:56,792 --> 00:10:59,667 What emerges from the ground are, quite literally, 201 00:10:59,833 --> 00:11:02,500 some of the largest archaeological finds 202 00:11:02,708 --> 00:11:04,750 of the 20th century. 203 00:11:05,708 --> 00:11:07,667 Over the next several decades, 204 00:11:07,792 --> 00:11:10,542 17 colossal heads 205 00:11:10,708 --> 00:11:13,042 carved from solid basalt 206 00:11:13,208 --> 00:11:15,500 were ultimately discovered in the area-- 207 00:11:15,708 --> 00:11:19,333 the largest measuring a staggering 11 feet tall 208 00:11:19,500 --> 00:11:22,708 and weighing 50 tons. 209 00:11:22,875 --> 00:11:25,125 When you walk up to these imposing, 210 00:11:25,250 --> 00:11:26,333 you know, stone monuments, 211 00:11:26,500 --> 00:11:28,958 you see these things are huge, 212 00:11:29,042 --> 00:11:32,083 with these just amazing lifelike features. 213 00:11:32,250 --> 00:11:33,833 It would have taken thousands of people 214 00:11:33,958 --> 00:11:36,708 to drag these stones through the rainforest, 215 00:11:36,875 --> 00:11:38,833 through mud and swamps 216 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:40,917 onto the tops of their sites. 217 00:11:42,333 --> 00:11:43,750 SHATNER: But perhaps what's most striking about 218 00:11:43,875 --> 00:11:46,625 these giant heads is not their size, 219 00:11:46,792 --> 00:11:49,583 or how they were brought to the middle of the jungle, 220 00:11:49,750 --> 00:11:53,750 but rather, who they seem to be depicting. 221 00:11:54,875 --> 00:11:59,875 The colossal heads have an African appearance, 222 00:12:00,042 --> 00:12:04,500 but also, equally, they've been seen to have 223 00:12:04,667 --> 00:12:08,458 a Polynesian appearance as well. 224 00:12:08,667 --> 00:12:10,875 Is it possible that the Olmec 225 00:12:11,042 --> 00:12:13,667 were the result of trans-Pacific, 226 00:12:13,875 --> 00:12:16,833 or even trans-Atlantic migrations 227 00:12:17,042 --> 00:12:19,833 of peoples from other continents? 228 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:22,583 SHATNER: Although mainstream historians dismiss the notion 229 00:12:22,750 --> 00:12:25,583 that the Olmec originated in Asia or Africa, 230 00:12:25,708 --> 00:12:28,583 the appearance of the Olmec heads 231 00:12:28,750 --> 00:12:31,333 suggests that it is possible. 232 00:12:31,500 --> 00:12:33,833 But not only do we not know 233 00:12:34,042 --> 00:12:35,417 where the Olmec came from, 234 00:12:35,542 --> 00:12:39,167 we also don't know where they went. 235 00:12:40,375 --> 00:12:42,000 One of the real frustrations 236 00:12:42,167 --> 00:12:44,292 to archeologists who study the Olmec 237 00:12:44,458 --> 00:12:48,542 is that we don't have a single Olmec skeleton 238 00:12:48,750 --> 00:12:50,917 that we can look at and analyze. 239 00:12:51,042 --> 00:12:53,500 For over a thousand years, 240 00:12:53,708 --> 00:12:57,750 the Olmec were the culture in the middle of Mesoamerica. 241 00:12:57,875 --> 00:13:00,708 But then they faded away. 242 00:13:00,833 --> 00:13:04,708 And why, exactly, they stopped 243 00:13:04,833 --> 00:13:07,125 is something we're not sure of. 244 00:13:09,167 --> 00:13:11,792 SHATNER: The Olmec disappeared so completely, 245 00:13:11,958 --> 00:13:15,542 all that's left of them are scattered remains. 246 00:13:15,708 --> 00:13:19,458 Some sculptures and figurines. 247 00:13:19,583 --> 00:13:21,000 Which means if we're to answer 248 00:13:21,167 --> 00:13:23,417 the riddle of the Olmec's disappearance, 249 00:13:23,583 --> 00:13:25,583 there's only one place to look: 250 00:13:25,792 --> 00:13:28,958 those huge, imposing stone heads, 251 00:13:29,125 --> 00:13:32,167 staring back at us through time 252 00:13:32,333 --> 00:13:37,167 with their odd, Sphinx-like gazes. 253 00:13:38,708 --> 00:13:41,625 One of the most remarkable discoveries, 254 00:13:41,792 --> 00:13:45,625 uh, in connection with the art of the Olmec 255 00:13:45,750 --> 00:13:48,375 is the presence of magnetism. 256 00:13:49,583 --> 00:13:52,000 In a number of different statues, 257 00:13:52,208 --> 00:13:55,125 when a compass is brought up to them, 258 00:13:55,292 --> 00:13:57,417 the needles move. 259 00:13:57,583 --> 00:14:00,625 Archeologists in the late 1960s and early 1970s 260 00:14:00,792 --> 00:14:03,667 used magnetometers to find many 261 00:14:03,833 --> 00:14:06,208 of the most remarkable colossal heads. 262 00:14:07,208 --> 00:14:11,333 The Olmec heads probably gave off magnetic signatures 263 00:14:11,500 --> 00:14:12,708 because they're made of basalt, 264 00:14:12,875 --> 00:14:15,000 a dense volcanic rock 265 00:14:15,167 --> 00:14:18,292 that becomes magnetic as it cools. 266 00:14:19,292 --> 00:14:22,917 So, by making the heads of basalt 267 00:14:23,042 --> 00:14:25,708 that came from the volcano itself, 268 00:14:25,875 --> 00:14:27,500 that same energy 269 00:14:27,667 --> 00:14:31,542 was inherited by those colossal heads. 270 00:14:31,708 --> 00:14:33,875 What all of this suggests 271 00:14:34,042 --> 00:14:38,833 is the Olmec went out and deliberately chose rocks 272 00:14:38,958 --> 00:14:41,958 that had this magnetic effect. 273 00:14:43,042 --> 00:14:45,292 SHATNER: Magnetic stones? 274 00:14:46,542 --> 00:14:49,125 If the Olmec were harnessing magnetism, 275 00:14:49,292 --> 00:14:51,375 what were they using it for? 276 00:14:52,375 --> 00:14:54,500 There are many theories about how the Olmecs 277 00:14:54,708 --> 00:14:55,833 may have used magnetism. 278 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,167 One interesting speculation 279 00:14:58,292 --> 00:15:01,000 is whether they could've moved some of the large stones 280 00:15:01,208 --> 00:15:03,500 using magnetic levitation. 281 00:15:03,667 --> 00:15:06,000 It's very simple to get magnets 282 00:15:06,208 --> 00:15:08,833 to either attract or repel each other 283 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:11,083 if their poles are opposing. 284 00:15:11,250 --> 00:15:13,167 It's difficult to imagine 285 00:15:13,333 --> 00:15:15,875 even using modern moving technology 286 00:15:16,042 --> 00:15:19,333 to move very large stones, yet they were moved. 287 00:15:20,458 --> 00:15:24,000 SHATNER: Levitation? It's a fascinating theory, 288 00:15:24,167 --> 00:15:25,708 although one that's hard to prove. 289 00:15:25,917 --> 00:15:27,875 Not unlike another theory 290 00:15:28,042 --> 00:15:30,208 that suggests that the Olmec may have been using 291 00:15:30,375 --> 00:15:34,333 the magnetic properties in their giant stone heads 292 00:15:34,542 --> 00:15:36,375 for healing purposes. 293 00:15:37,375 --> 00:15:39,792 Colossal head 10 from San Lorenzo, 294 00:15:39,917 --> 00:15:41,125 uh, has what appears to be 295 00:15:41,250 --> 00:15:44,167 these little multiperforated beads 296 00:15:44,333 --> 00:15:47,417 all over all the head in his headdress. 297 00:15:47,542 --> 00:15:48,833 In a recent excavation, 298 00:15:48,958 --> 00:15:51,167 the lead archeologists found thousands, 299 00:15:51,375 --> 00:15:55,667 144,000 of these little magnetic cubes 300 00:15:55,833 --> 00:15:58,917 and they could have been then strung together in mats 301 00:15:59,125 --> 00:16:01,500 and possibly, in this case, the headdress. 302 00:16:03,917 --> 00:16:06,000 And it's leading some archeologists to say, 303 00:16:06,167 --> 00:16:07,542 "Well, what about the magnetic qualities 304 00:16:07,708 --> 00:16:09,667 that might've been used in possible healing?" 305 00:16:09,875 --> 00:16:11,917 We know the importance of magnets 306 00:16:12,083 --> 00:16:13,833 used in certain therapies 307 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,083 and did the Olmec, did they already discover 308 00:16:16,208 --> 00:16:19,417 the important health benefits of magnetic therapy? 309 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,833 SHATNER: If the Olmec leaders were using the power of magnetism 310 00:16:24,958 --> 00:16:26,833 for some type of healing, 311 00:16:26,958 --> 00:16:30,000 it may have had the opposite effect. 312 00:16:30,208 --> 00:16:33,833 Magnetic fields can be healing or harmful. 313 00:16:34,042 --> 00:16:36,958 In some cases, people who have been exposed 314 00:16:37,125 --> 00:16:40,500 to very strong magnetic fields have lapsed into comas, 315 00:16:40,667 --> 00:16:41,917 had seizures. 316 00:16:42,125 --> 00:16:43,500 Some people have even died 317 00:16:43,708 --> 00:16:46,750 after being exposed to very strong magnetic fields. 318 00:16:47,958 --> 00:16:50,542 COLLINS: So, could the presence of magnetism 319 00:16:50,750 --> 00:16:54,042 in the art objects that were fashioned by the Olmecs 320 00:16:54,208 --> 00:16:56,167 have had something to do 321 00:16:56,333 --> 00:16:59,125 with why they deliberately buried 322 00:16:59,250 --> 00:17:03,667 many of their statues and figurines? 323 00:17:03,833 --> 00:17:07,000 We do not have any definitive answers. 324 00:17:07,208 --> 00:17:09,167 But what we do know 325 00:17:09,375 --> 00:17:13,375 is that the Olmec culture dissolved. 326 00:17:13,542 --> 00:17:17,208 It disappeared, almost into oblivion. 327 00:17:25,500 --> 00:17:28,083 SHATERN: Investigative journalist and radio host 328 00:17:28,250 --> 00:17:30,542 David Whitehead travels to the Loretto Chapel 329 00:17:30,708 --> 00:17:32,708 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. 330 00:17:32,917 --> 00:17:35,708 DAVID WHITEHEAD: I'm here to investigate a really mysterious structure, 331 00:17:35,917 --> 00:17:39,000 the famous Loretto staircase. 332 00:17:39,167 --> 00:17:40,417 We don't know who built it. 333 00:17:40,625 --> 00:17:42,750 We don't understand the physics behind it. 334 00:17:42,917 --> 00:17:44,833 And we don't even have a good indication 335 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:46,500 as to what it's made of. 336 00:17:46,708 --> 00:17:48,708 (door creaking) 337 00:17:51,375 --> 00:17:53,167 Oh, wow. 338 00:17:55,667 --> 00:17:57,750 This place is beautiful. 339 00:17:57,875 --> 00:18:01,625 SHATNER: Meeting with David is chapel curator Richard Lindsley. 340 00:18:02,750 --> 00:18:04,167 WHITEHEAD: So, this is it. 341 00:18:04,375 --> 00:18:06,625 RICHARD LINDSLEY: Absolutely. 342 00:18:06,792 --> 00:18:08,292 Our miraculous staircase. 343 00:18:08,458 --> 00:18:09,792 I've heard so much about it. 344 00:18:09,958 --> 00:18:12,083 I've read so many theories about it. 345 00:18:12,208 --> 00:18:15,292 And it's amazing to actually be here to see it. 346 00:18:16,375 --> 00:18:19,125 SHATNER: In 1873, the Sisters of Loretto 347 00:18:19,292 --> 00:18:21,292 commissioned the construction of the chapel 348 00:18:21,458 --> 00:18:23,333 for their new girls' school. 349 00:18:23,542 --> 00:18:26,083 Officially consecrated five years later, 350 00:18:26,208 --> 00:18:30,625 the Loretto Chapel is a triumph of Gothic Revival design 351 00:18:30,792 --> 00:18:33,958 with its high spires, soaring buttresses, 352 00:18:34,042 --> 00:18:36,792 and enormous stained-glass windows. 353 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,458 But as construction was nearing completion, 354 00:18:40,583 --> 00:18:43,083 the project's architect suddenly died 355 00:18:43,292 --> 00:18:45,458 before he could build what was considered 356 00:18:45,625 --> 00:18:48,000 the most ambitious part of the job: 357 00:18:48,208 --> 00:18:52,583 the staircase leading up to the choir loft. 358 00:18:55,375 --> 00:18:58,833 The mystery of the staircase actually begins 359 00:18:59,042 --> 00:19:01,042 with this mysterious carpenter. 360 00:19:01,208 --> 00:19:05,167 The sisters asked the local carpenters to build one. 361 00:19:05,375 --> 00:19:08,083 But they failed. They didn't know how to do it. 362 00:19:08,208 --> 00:19:11,000 The sisters, they decided to turn to prayer 363 00:19:11,167 --> 00:19:14,583 and said a nine-day novena asking St. Joseph, 364 00:19:14,750 --> 00:19:16,667 the patron of carpenters, 365 00:19:16,875 --> 00:19:18,792 to help them with their problem. 366 00:19:18,958 --> 00:19:21,042 At the last day of their prayer, 367 00:19:21,208 --> 00:19:24,167 it's said that a knock came at these doors. 368 00:19:24,375 --> 00:19:28,375 This elderly man was standing there with a donkey by his side. 369 00:19:28,542 --> 00:19:31,667 And he told the sister that he had come 370 00:19:31,875 --> 00:19:33,333 to build their staircase. 371 00:19:33,500 --> 00:19:36,500 Was it St. Joseph like the sisters believed? 372 00:19:36,667 --> 00:19:38,917 Some pious people think it was an angel. 373 00:19:39,042 --> 00:19:41,708 But he was very reclusive 374 00:19:41,917 --> 00:19:43,667 and insisted upon working inside 375 00:19:43,875 --> 00:19:45,833 this chapel by himself, 376 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,000 never allowing anyone to see him 377 00:19:48,125 --> 00:19:49,542 work on the staircase. 378 00:19:49,708 --> 00:19:53,042 Throughout the Christian and Catholic world, 379 00:19:53,167 --> 00:19:54,500 we have a tremendous amount of these stories 380 00:19:54,667 --> 00:19:57,333 of miraculous, uh, help from saints, 381 00:19:57,542 --> 00:19:59,792 and just a part of the Catholic belief system 382 00:19:59,875 --> 00:20:03,583 you can pray to saints and they're supposed to try to help. 383 00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:05,458 So, it's a built-in part of the package, 384 00:20:05,583 --> 00:20:08,208 this idea of an intercessory, 385 00:20:08,375 --> 00:20:11,708 closer to people and yet closer to God. 386 00:20:14,083 --> 00:20:15,333 After three months, 387 00:20:15,500 --> 00:20:17,125 the sisters came into the chapel 388 00:20:17,292 --> 00:20:18,917 and the man was gone. 389 00:20:19,083 --> 00:20:20,333 And when they could not find him 390 00:20:20,500 --> 00:20:22,500 to even pay him for his labor, 391 00:20:22,667 --> 00:20:25,375 they went to the only lumberyard in town 392 00:20:25,542 --> 00:20:28,583 and asked them how much they owed for the materials. 393 00:20:28,750 --> 00:20:31,250 And the lumberyard told the sisters 394 00:20:31,417 --> 00:20:35,833 that the man never got any materials from them at all. 395 00:20:38,542 --> 00:20:42,000 So, what material is this staircase made of? 396 00:20:42,167 --> 00:20:44,458 I gave a core sample of the wood 397 00:20:44,625 --> 00:20:47,958 from the inner stringer to a US Naval scientist. 398 00:20:48,125 --> 00:20:49,958 And he determined right away 399 00:20:50,125 --> 00:20:53,333 that it was a form of Picea Spruce. 400 00:20:53,500 --> 00:20:56,750 WHITEHEAD: Is this from of spruce local to Santa Fe? 401 00:20:56,917 --> 00:20:59,542 LINDSLEY: The wood in this staircase did not match up 402 00:20:59,708 --> 00:21:03,250 with any other Picea Spruce known to science. 403 00:21:03,375 --> 00:21:05,875 This wood does not match up with any other 404 00:21:06,042 --> 00:21:07,542 quite like it on Earth. 405 00:21:09,208 --> 00:21:12,125 The staircase at Loretto Chapel is amazing. 406 00:21:12,292 --> 00:21:13,625 It's a double spiral system. 407 00:21:13,792 --> 00:21:15,042 There's no glue, there's no nails, 408 00:21:15,208 --> 00:21:16,083 there's no screws. 409 00:21:16,250 --> 00:21:18,458 It's put together in a way 410 00:21:18,583 --> 00:21:20,917 that how it's just sitting on itself 411 00:21:21,042 --> 00:21:22,667 is holding it together. 412 00:21:22,833 --> 00:21:24,167 WHITEHEAD: So, Richard, an interesting thing 413 00:21:24,375 --> 00:21:27,333 about this design is the double helix. 414 00:21:27,458 --> 00:21:29,167 LINDSLEY: Mm-hmm. 415 00:21:29,375 --> 00:21:31,583 WHITEHEAD: The double helix or the double spiral 416 00:21:31,708 --> 00:21:34,333 is that it's an incredibly unique design. 417 00:21:34,542 --> 00:21:36,917 LINDSLEY: Well, we had a world-renowned physicist 418 00:21:37,083 --> 00:21:39,917 come visit us and he was convinced 419 00:21:40,125 --> 00:21:41,667 that the double-helix design 420 00:21:41,875 --> 00:21:44,417 was integral to its inner strength. 421 00:21:44,583 --> 00:21:48,000 -Mind if I go up? -Please, be my guest. 422 00:21:48,208 --> 00:21:50,000 This is a very special privilege. 423 00:21:50,167 --> 00:21:51,958 I definitely feel very privileged. 424 00:21:52,125 --> 00:21:53,875 I've waited for this moment for so long. 425 00:21:58,208 --> 00:21:59,625 (creaking) 426 00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:04,083 Oh, wow. Yeah, it's a unique feeling 427 00:22:04,250 --> 00:22:06,500 just right on that first step. 428 00:22:06,708 --> 00:22:09,625 I almost feel like a vibration. 429 00:22:16,333 --> 00:22:18,667 Feeling like I'm floating, 430 00:22:18,833 --> 00:22:21,167 like there's nothing underneath my feet. 431 00:22:21,375 --> 00:22:22,833 It's truly a remarkable feeling. 432 00:22:25,458 --> 00:22:27,208 Now, how many stairs have we got here? 433 00:22:27,375 --> 00:22:30,167 LINDSLEY: There are 33 steps to the staircase. 434 00:22:30,292 --> 00:22:32,292 Which reminded the sisters of our Lord 435 00:22:32,458 --> 00:22:34,458 because he lived 33 years. 436 00:22:35,583 --> 00:22:37,167 WHITEHEAD: Well, I find it very interesting 437 00:22:37,292 --> 00:22:40,833 that here we are in this chapel in Santa Fe 438 00:22:40,917 --> 00:22:43,833 and we're seeing the motif of the sacred number 33 439 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:46,000 and this number is important to the Templars. 440 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,000 SHATNER: 33 steps? 441 00:22:51,167 --> 00:22:52,458 One of the most sacred numbers 442 00:22:52,625 --> 00:22:54,208 to the fraternal order of builders 443 00:22:54,375 --> 00:22:56,583 known as Freemasons, who, in turn, 444 00:22:56,750 --> 00:22:58,958 are thought to be the spiritual descendants 445 00:22:59,167 --> 00:23:00,708 of the Knights Templar. 446 00:23:02,042 --> 00:23:03,333 Could this number of steps 447 00:23:03,458 --> 00:23:06,375 really provide an important clue 448 00:23:06,542 --> 00:23:10,333 as to who built the stairway, and how? 449 00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:12,500 So, the number 33 450 00:23:12,708 --> 00:23:15,500 is a sacred number in Templarism. 451 00:23:15,708 --> 00:23:17,875 So, they would have encoded that number, 452 00:23:18,042 --> 00:23:19,375 whether it be in staircases 453 00:23:19,542 --> 00:23:22,833 or artwork in the stained-glass windows, 454 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:24,958 or even the mathematical dimensions 455 00:23:25,125 --> 00:23:27,250 of some of these structures. 456 00:23:27,375 --> 00:23:30,000 To the Templars, they don't just see a staircase 457 00:23:30,167 --> 00:23:33,708 or a stained-glass window or a layout of a church design. 458 00:23:33,833 --> 00:23:38,667 They see an esoteric number, the number of a master builder, 459 00:23:38,833 --> 00:23:41,500 the manifestation of the divine on Earth, 460 00:23:41,708 --> 00:23:45,667 and it's very deeply rooted in the entire Templar tradition. 461 00:23:45,875 --> 00:23:48,333 STEVE BURROWS: I think the quality of construction and detailing 462 00:23:48,458 --> 00:23:52,000 show that somebody who did it was highly skilled 463 00:23:52,167 --> 00:23:53,333 and they must have learned that. 464 00:23:53,500 --> 00:23:56,000 So, the person who built that staircase 465 00:23:56,167 --> 00:23:58,708 apprenticed with somebody, they learned some things. 466 00:23:58,875 --> 00:24:01,500 They applied those things later in Santa Fe. 467 00:24:01,708 --> 00:24:04,583 So, there's no doubt they could have been working with a Mason. 468 00:24:04,708 --> 00:24:06,708 Uh, but they were way too skilled 469 00:24:06,875 --> 00:24:09,083 to have been the first time they did something like that. 470 00:24:12,583 --> 00:24:14,708 The construction of this staircase 471 00:24:14,875 --> 00:24:18,083 defies all conventional construction practices. 472 00:24:18,208 --> 00:24:21,542 Any kind of rational, conventional explanation. 473 00:24:21,708 --> 00:24:23,833 Where did the materials come from? 474 00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:25,667 Who built it? 475 00:24:26,708 --> 00:24:29,750 It seems like we just have more questions than we do answers. 476 00:24:29,958 --> 00:24:32,042 -Yes. -But we do know that it's a mystery 477 00:24:32,208 --> 00:24:35,417 and hopefully one day we'll be able to solve it. 478 00:24:38,458 --> 00:24:40,333 Is the stairway of the Loretto Chapel 479 00:24:40,458 --> 00:24:43,250 merely the work of a gifted builder? 480 00:24:43,375 --> 00:24:46,833 Or was its construction a miracle 481 00:24:46,917 --> 00:24:49,000 performed by the hand of God? 482 00:24:49,167 --> 00:24:50,708 Perhaps further clues 483 00:24:50,833 --> 00:24:52,500 about the power of religious structures 484 00:24:52,708 --> 00:24:55,375 can be found by exploring the mystical nature 485 00:24:55,542 --> 00:24:59,125 of one of the most famous cathedrals in the world. 486 00:25:05,208 --> 00:25:08,333 SHATNER: For centuries, many have remarked 487 00:25:08,500 --> 00:25:10,750 on the strange power that Notre-Dame-- 488 00:25:10,958 --> 00:25:14,250 the historic cathedral that sits at the center of Paris-- 489 00:25:14,417 --> 00:25:16,333 has on people. 490 00:25:16,417 --> 00:25:19,542 But what exactly is this power? 491 00:25:19,708 --> 00:25:24,250 And could it actually be the presence of God? 492 00:25:25,708 --> 00:25:27,750 DELL UPTON: What's extraordinary to me 493 00:25:27,917 --> 00:25:29,750 is that you've got a building 494 00:25:29,917 --> 00:25:32,500 that has been there for almost 1,000 years, 495 00:25:32,667 --> 00:25:34,083 in one form or another. 496 00:25:34,250 --> 00:25:36,833 And even though it's important 497 00:25:37,042 --> 00:25:38,875 from an architectural historian's point of view 498 00:25:39,042 --> 00:25:40,375 in various ways, 499 00:25:40,542 --> 00:25:42,625 it also has this life in popular culture 500 00:25:42,792 --> 00:25:44,625 which many buildings don't. 501 00:25:44,792 --> 00:25:47,667 Its role in the public view 502 00:25:47,875 --> 00:25:50,542 has to do with its subsequent reputation. 503 00:25:50,708 --> 00:25:54,000 AMIR HUSSAIN: You walk into Notre-Dame, 504 00:25:54,208 --> 00:25:55,500 and all of a sudden you realize 505 00:25:55,667 --> 00:25:57,500 the one human being is very small. 506 00:25:57,667 --> 00:25:59,542 And you're literally humbled by this. 507 00:25:59,750 --> 00:26:01,625 And almost falling to the ground because 508 00:26:01,833 --> 00:26:04,000 it's such an impressive sort of structure there. 509 00:26:04,083 --> 00:26:07,083 YOUNG: The light coming through the windows, 510 00:26:07,250 --> 00:26:08,917 especially the rose windows, 511 00:26:09,042 --> 00:26:11,250 has an effect on our consciousness. 512 00:26:11,417 --> 00:26:13,500 This is something beyond words. 513 00:26:13,667 --> 00:26:15,792 This is the power of ritual and aesthetics 514 00:26:15,958 --> 00:26:18,833 to touch us on a spiritual level. 515 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:21,667 It can't entirely be explained. 516 00:26:23,875 --> 00:26:25,958 PICKNETT: It's like there is a presence there. 517 00:26:27,042 --> 00:26:29,500 People go silent, 518 00:26:29,708 --> 00:26:31,458 you know, talking in whispers. 519 00:26:31,583 --> 00:26:33,250 And you say, "Well, of course they would be, 520 00:26:33,417 --> 00:26:34,667 it's a Christian cathedral." 521 00:26:34,833 --> 00:26:37,167 So, that's what Christians take from it. 522 00:26:37,333 --> 00:26:40,167 It reinforces their belief. 523 00:26:40,333 --> 00:26:42,958 But millions upon millions of visitors have felt it, 524 00:26:43,125 --> 00:26:45,042 whether they have any religion or not. 525 00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:50,958 SHATNER: In 1163 AD, Bishop Maurice de Sully 526 00:26:51,083 --> 00:26:54,333 authorized the construction of Notre-Dame Cathedral. 527 00:26:54,542 --> 00:26:58,583 The bishop wanted the majesty and splendor 528 00:26:58,708 --> 00:27:03,208 of Notre-Dame to show France's devotion to God. 529 00:27:04,208 --> 00:27:07,708 The massive building took over 180 years to complete 530 00:27:07,875 --> 00:27:11,333 and features a 115-foot-high roof, 531 00:27:11,542 --> 00:27:16,208 and two towers that stand 223 feet tall. 532 00:27:17,625 --> 00:27:19,667 The value system of a collective 533 00:27:19,833 --> 00:27:24,250 is reflected in the shrines and monuments they build. 534 00:27:25,542 --> 00:27:28,000 Notre-Dame was the tallest building in Paris 535 00:27:28,208 --> 00:27:29,625 for a very long time. 536 00:27:29,792 --> 00:27:31,708 The common people on the street would look up 537 00:27:31,875 --> 00:27:34,125 and see the cathedral towering above 538 00:27:34,250 --> 00:27:36,250 all other human activity. 539 00:27:36,458 --> 00:27:38,208 That was the message. 540 00:27:39,208 --> 00:27:41,750 1,000 years ago, when architects were building 541 00:27:41,875 --> 00:27:44,000 bigger and bigger stone cathedrals, 542 00:27:44,208 --> 00:27:46,875 the problem was sometimes they would collapse. 543 00:27:48,875 --> 00:27:50,833 So, before they had steel, 544 00:27:50,958 --> 00:27:54,625 they had to use stone with weight on the outside 545 00:27:54,792 --> 00:27:58,417 called the flying buttress to support the roof. 546 00:27:58,583 --> 00:28:00,542 That's the reason why Notre- Dame, 547 00:28:00,708 --> 00:28:02,167 built 1,000 years ago, 548 00:28:02,333 --> 00:28:05,292 can have thin walls and stained glass. 549 00:28:06,875 --> 00:28:09,667 BURROWS: Notre-Dame's builders wanted to inspire awe 550 00:28:09,833 --> 00:28:12,208 when people came and looked at the cathedral. 551 00:28:12,375 --> 00:28:13,833 So, how did they do that? 552 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:16,333 One of the main tricks is to allow light 553 00:28:16,542 --> 00:28:20,500 into the space so that you get this huge sense of height. 554 00:28:20,708 --> 00:28:22,750 You don't see the massive walls, 555 00:28:22,875 --> 00:28:25,375 and the building seems to be floating on air. 556 00:28:26,958 --> 00:28:29,958 SHATNER: Historians and architects have also suggested 557 00:28:30,167 --> 00:28:32,667 that the power of Notre-Dame may come, 558 00:28:32,833 --> 00:28:35,625 not just from how it looks, 559 00:28:35,792 --> 00:28:38,417 but also how it sounds. 560 00:28:38,542 --> 00:28:40,833 HUSSAIN: So, one of the amazing things about Notre-Dame Cathedral 561 00:28:41,042 --> 00:28:43,208 is the sound, the acoustical properties, 562 00:28:43,375 --> 00:28:46,250 and the acoustics in there are just marvelous. 563 00:28:46,375 --> 00:28:48,292 (echoing singing) 564 00:28:56,708 --> 00:28:57,917 And that affects us. 565 00:28:58,083 --> 00:29:00,167 It physically, literally affects us. 566 00:29:00,375 --> 00:29:02,083 And our heart beats in a different kind of way, 567 00:29:02,292 --> 00:29:04,708 you know, we can feel it in our bodies. 568 00:29:08,042 --> 00:29:10,667 BURROWS: The great acoustics of Notre-Dame Cathedral 569 00:29:10,750 --> 00:29:12,458 came from practice and understanding geometry. 570 00:29:12,625 --> 00:29:14,667 So, the people who did that, 571 00:29:14,833 --> 00:29:17,333 they understood that if you emit noise, 572 00:29:17,500 --> 00:29:19,000 say, singing at one location, 573 00:29:19,208 --> 00:29:20,708 through the shape of the ceiling, 574 00:29:20,875 --> 00:29:23,042 you can bounce that noise down to another location, 575 00:29:23,208 --> 00:29:26,375 like a congregation inside the cathedral. 576 00:29:28,083 --> 00:29:29,958 SHATNER: The medieval builders of Notre-Dame 577 00:29:30,083 --> 00:29:31,875 clearly understood how to create 578 00:29:32,042 --> 00:29:35,250 a spiritual or holy experience in the cathedral. 579 00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:39,083 And a recent catastrophic event 580 00:29:39,250 --> 00:29:43,542 proves the immense power this 1,000-year-old sacred structure 581 00:29:43,708 --> 00:29:45,792 continues to hold. 582 00:29:51,708 --> 00:29:53,708 (sirens wailing) 583 00:29:53,875 --> 00:29:56,583 A fire breaks out at Notre-Dame. 584 00:29:56,750 --> 00:30:00,500 400 firefighters launch a valiant effort 585 00:30:00,708 --> 00:30:02,958 to fight the blaze, 586 00:30:03,125 --> 00:30:06,917 using water pumped directly from the Seine River. 587 00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:10,333 Parisians watch in horror 588 00:30:10,500 --> 00:30:11,750 as the flames and smoke 589 00:30:11,875 --> 00:30:13,667 envelop the upper reaches of the cathedral 590 00:30:13,875 --> 00:30:18,292 and its 315-foot-tall spire... 591 00:30:19,792 --> 00:30:22,000 ...collapses. 592 00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:28,042 COLLINS: A fire began in its timber roof 593 00:30:28,208 --> 00:30:33,542 that spread quickly, causing the collapse of its spire 594 00:30:33,708 --> 00:30:37,833 and hundreds of tons of lead melted 595 00:30:38,042 --> 00:30:42,625 and poured down into the interior of the structure. 596 00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:47,250 And as much as a tragedy as this actually was, 597 00:30:47,417 --> 00:30:51,583 the response to it across the globe was remarkable. 598 00:30:55,583 --> 00:30:58,083 SHATNER: The reaction to the disastrous fire 599 00:30:58,208 --> 00:31:01,542 transcended national borders and faiths. 600 00:31:01,708 --> 00:31:03,833 In only two days, people around the world 601 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:06,333 contributed nearly a billion dollars 602 00:31:06,500 --> 00:31:10,375 to rebuild and restore this beloved landmark. 603 00:31:11,667 --> 00:31:14,625 YOUNG: The outpouring of donations from within France 604 00:31:14,792 --> 00:31:19,042 and from all over the world tells us what a cathedral means. 605 00:31:19,208 --> 00:31:20,875 It's not just a tourist spot. 606 00:31:21,083 --> 00:31:25,000 If you enter a cathedral, something happens to you. 607 00:31:25,208 --> 00:31:27,000 People know they felt something, 608 00:31:27,167 --> 00:31:28,583 they're attached to that building. 609 00:31:29,708 --> 00:31:32,667 HUSSAIN: So, when you had the fire in Notre-Dame Cathedral 610 00:31:32,875 --> 00:31:34,917 and the rebuilding of that, 611 00:31:35,042 --> 00:31:36,583 that was extraordinary. 612 00:31:37,792 --> 00:31:39,750 The rebuilding of Notre-Dame Cathedral 613 00:31:39,917 --> 00:31:41,667 shows the attachment that people have 614 00:31:41,875 --> 00:31:43,167 to the divine is infinite, 615 00:31:43,333 --> 00:31:46,125 and I think there's a power there. 616 00:31:46,292 --> 00:31:47,958 (bell tolls) 617 00:31:55,792 --> 00:32:00,042 SHATNER: While excavating an area for a new housing development 618 00:32:00,250 --> 00:32:03,333 just off the eastern coast of this tiny Mediterranean island, 619 00:32:03,542 --> 00:32:06,333 construction workers encounter something unexpected-- 620 00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:08,333 and quite unusual-- 621 00:32:08,542 --> 00:32:11,083 beneath their work site: 622 00:32:11,208 --> 00:32:13,667 A prehistoric structure 623 00:32:13,792 --> 00:32:16,042 hewn from solid limestone, 624 00:32:16,208 --> 00:32:20,000 dating back more than 5,000 years. 625 00:32:20,167 --> 00:32:21,750 Upon further inspection, 626 00:32:21,917 --> 00:32:24,208 archaeologists soon realize 627 00:32:24,375 --> 00:32:26,792 that what the unwitting workers have unearthed 628 00:32:26,958 --> 00:32:29,708 isn't merely a lost underground temple 629 00:32:29,875 --> 00:32:31,083 or ancient sanctuary, 630 00:32:31,250 --> 00:32:35,833 but a massive subterranean necropolis. 631 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:40,583 The Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni. 632 00:32:42,125 --> 00:32:44,792 The Malta Hypogeum is an architectural wonder 633 00:32:44,958 --> 00:32:46,458 of the ancient world. 634 00:32:46,542 --> 00:32:50,958 It was carved using primarily stone and bone tools 635 00:32:51,167 --> 00:32:52,958 by an ancient population that lived on Malta 636 00:32:53,125 --> 00:32:55,083 thousands of years ago. 637 00:32:55,208 --> 00:32:59,250 So, it's actually older than the pyramids of Egypt 638 00:32:59,375 --> 00:33:00,833 or Stonehenge. 639 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:03,375 Hypogeum is basically a word 640 00:33:03,542 --> 00:33:08,167 that comes from the Greek terms for cavity or space underground. 641 00:33:08,333 --> 00:33:11,292 It extends on three different stories 642 00:33:11,458 --> 00:33:14,167 about seven point some meters below ground. 643 00:33:14,375 --> 00:33:18,208 It covers an area of about 5,400 square feet. 644 00:33:19,208 --> 00:33:21,000 Malta's Hypogeum is, you know, 645 00:33:21,167 --> 00:33:23,792 one of those great examples 646 00:33:23,917 --> 00:33:27,167 of beautiful geometry underground. 647 00:33:27,292 --> 00:33:29,250 So, the geometry isn't by accident. 648 00:33:29,375 --> 00:33:32,000 It was done by somebody who knows what they were doing. 649 00:33:32,167 --> 00:33:33,917 And it looks to me like, you know, 650 00:33:34,083 --> 00:33:35,375 this was done for a purpose. 651 00:33:36,875 --> 00:33:38,167 SHATNER: A purpose? 652 00:33:38,292 --> 00:33:39,833 Although no one knows for certain 653 00:33:40,042 --> 00:33:43,167 who originally built the Malta Hypogeum, or why, 654 00:33:43,333 --> 00:33:46,208 the bones of more than 7,000 souls 655 00:33:46,375 --> 00:33:51,125 line its intricate labyrinth of corridors and alcoves. 656 00:33:52,083 --> 00:33:54,083 So, according to logic, 657 00:33:54,250 --> 00:33:56,667 it is exactly what it appears to be: 658 00:33:56,833 --> 00:33:59,292 an ancient burial site. 659 00:33:59,500 --> 00:34:02,583 But logic alone 660 00:34:02,750 --> 00:34:04,875 may not be at play, here. 661 00:34:05,042 --> 00:34:09,208 There is a very intriguing room in the Hypogeum, 662 00:34:09,375 --> 00:34:12,417 which is in the middle level, that is called the Oracle Room. 663 00:34:12,542 --> 00:34:16,250 And this Oracle Room is basically a resonance chamber. 664 00:34:16,375 --> 00:34:19,000 And it's designed, so it would seem, 665 00:34:19,167 --> 00:34:22,042 to amplify any acoustic sound waves. 666 00:34:22,208 --> 00:34:26,125 So, even by whispering, for example, 667 00:34:26,292 --> 00:34:28,458 the design of the room amplifies this 668 00:34:28,667 --> 00:34:32,958 and-and makes it into a very loud baritone sound. 669 00:34:33,958 --> 00:34:38,250 SHATNER: In 2014, while conducting a series of experiments 670 00:34:38,458 --> 00:34:40,333 in an attempt to understand the design elements 671 00:34:40,542 --> 00:34:43,500 behind the Hypogeum's unusual acoustics, 672 00:34:43,708 --> 00:34:46,667 scientists discovered an unexpected-- 673 00:34:46,833 --> 00:34:49,750 and hair-raising-- phenomenon. 674 00:34:49,917 --> 00:34:53,625 KREISBERG: We set up microphones and we used recording devices 675 00:34:53,792 --> 00:34:55,125 that were very sensitive, 676 00:34:55,292 --> 00:34:56,708 and we carried out experiments 677 00:34:56,875 --> 00:34:58,167 using the human voice 678 00:34:58,292 --> 00:35:01,583 in that 110 to 112 hertz range. 679 00:35:01,792 --> 00:35:05,417 So, these are very low, guttural, bass sounds, 680 00:35:05,583 --> 00:35:10,167 and they reverberate in a very strong way within these temples. 681 00:35:13,083 --> 00:35:15,208 (bass-heavy humming) 682 00:35:22,125 --> 00:35:24,208 (humming continues) 683 00:35:33,875 --> 00:35:36,083 (humming continues) 684 00:35:38,708 --> 00:35:39,708 ENEIX: It's extraordinary. 685 00:35:39,875 --> 00:35:41,542 It's like being inside of a bell. 686 00:35:41,708 --> 00:35:44,750 Those vibrations are felt inside your body. 687 00:35:44,917 --> 00:35:47,292 You feel it in your tissue. You feel it in your bones. 688 00:35:47,458 --> 00:35:50,333 It can raise the hair off the back of your neck. 689 00:35:50,500 --> 00:35:53,042 Imagine going there to this dark 690 00:35:53,208 --> 00:35:56,667 and spooky underground place 5,000 years ago 691 00:35:56,875 --> 00:35:59,958 with this weird, eerie sound going on around you 692 00:36:00,042 --> 00:36:02,833 a-and knowing that there are bones and... 693 00:36:02,958 --> 00:36:04,792 The whole thing is creepy now. 694 00:36:06,875 --> 00:36:11,083 PAUL DEVEREUX: Clearly was, some sort of ritual activity went on there. 695 00:36:11,292 --> 00:36:14,250 There is a niche in the Oracle Room, 696 00:36:14,417 --> 00:36:16,083 that if you spoke into it, 697 00:36:16,292 --> 00:36:18,417 it could resonate throughout the whole structure. 698 00:36:18,542 --> 00:36:21,542 And so, some thought it was significant 699 00:36:21,708 --> 00:36:24,083 that a priest might've intoned into it 700 00:36:24,208 --> 00:36:25,542 and a voice, that his booming voice, 701 00:36:25,708 --> 00:36:27,375 would go through the whole Hypogeum. 702 00:36:27,542 --> 00:36:30,167 Uh, like a god. 703 00:36:31,250 --> 00:36:35,083 SHATNER: The voice of a god? 704 00:36:35,208 --> 00:36:38,167 Those who have visited the Malta Hypogeum 705 00:36:38,375 --> 00:36:42,833 describe it as feeling like a descent... 706 00:36:42,958 --> 00:36:44,917 into the underworld. 707 00:36:45,083 --> 00:36:46,833 As a result, some experts believe 708 00:36:46,958 --> 00:36:48,375 this subterranean nightmare 709 00:36:48,542 --> 00:36:50,458 was intentionally constructed 710 00:36:50,625 --> 00:36:53,667 to enable its visitors to speak 711 00:36:53,833 --> 00:36:55,583 with the dead. 712 00:36:56,792 --> 00:37:00,917 STEAVU: Overtone chanting is a common practice 713 00:37:01,125 --> 00:37:03,333 in many cultures in East Asia, 714 00:37:03,458 --> 00:37:05,583 and North Asia and South Asia as well. 715 00:37:05,708 --> 00:37:09,042 You do have this strong connection between chanting 716 00:37:09,208 --> 00:37:11,375 and communication with the divine 717 00:37:11,542 --> 00:37:13,167 or with the deceased. 718 00:37:13,292 --> 00:37:15,167 And I believe at the Hypogeum, 719 00:37:15,292 --> 00:37:17,167 we may have a similar situation 720 00:37:17,375 --> 00:37:18,708 in which there seems to have been 721 00:37:18,875 --> 00:37:20,333 an active ritual function 722 00:37:20,500 --> 00:37:25,208 of not only placing the deceased or remains there, 723 00:37:25,417 --> 00:37:28,083 but where people would attempt 724 00:37:28,250 --> 00:37:31,000 to establish communication with the dead. 725 00:37:31,167 --> 00:37:32,875 So, it stands to reason that potentially 726 00:37:33,042 --> 00:37:37,500 people could attain a different level of consciousness, 727 00:37:37,583 --> 00:37:41,292 in which they would be susceptible to have experiences 728 00:37:41,458 --> 00:37:44,417 with people who had passed away. 729 00:37:44,542 --> 00:37:47,375 SHATNER: Was the Malta Hypogeum designed to be 730 00:37:47,542 --> 00:37:50,333 not just a subterranean necropolis 731 00:37:50,458 --> 00:37:52,500 but also a place where the living 732 00:37:52,708 --> 00:37:54,583 could connect with the deceased? 733 00:37:54,792 --> 00:37:58,042 Perhaps further investigation of this mysterious site 734 00:37:58,208 --> 00:38:00,458 will one day reveal the answer. 735 00:38:01,458 --> 00:38:04,792 But there's a structure located in Mexico 736 00:38:04,875 --> 00:38:07,833 that reportedly possessed an even more dramatic 737 00:38:07,958 --> 00:38:09,667 kind of mystical power. 738 00:38:09,875 --> 00:38:13,167 It's a 160-ton statue 739 00:38:13,375 --> 00:38:15,000 that was built to honor 740 00:38:15,167 --> 00:38:18,125 a god of thunder and lightning. 741 00:38:18,292 --> 00:38:19,917 (thunder crashes) 742 00:38:28,958 --> 00:38:32,750 SHATNER: Crowds gather as workers prepare to transport 743 00:38:32,958 --> 00:38:36,458 one of the largest monolithic statues in the world. 744 00:38:36,625 --> 00:38:40,667 23 feet tall and weighing 160 tons, 745 00:38:40,792 --> 00:38:44,167 the massive idol dates back over 1,000 years. 746 00:38:44,375 --> 00:38:47,042 And although workers are extremely careful 747 00:38:47,167 --> 00:38:48,500 with their preparations as they load it 748 00:38:48,708 --> 00:38:50,333 onto the trucks that will carry it, 749 00:38:50,542 --> 00:38:53,458 there is palpable tension in the air. 750 00:38:53,625 --> 00:38:57,167 Because this is no ordinary statue, 751 00:38:57,375 --> 00:39:01,708 but one of the mighty Aztec god Tlaloc. 752 00:39:01,875 --> 00:39:06,667 The Aztec religious system had a vast number of gods. 753 00:39:06,833 --> 00:39:09,458 There were water gods and goddesses, 754 00:39:09,542 --> 00:39:13,125 there were sky gods and goddesses, 755 00:39:13,292 --> 00:39:16,708 fire divinities and earth divinities. 756 00:39:16,875 --> 00:39:21,208 One particularly important sacred god was Tlaloc, 757 00:39:21,375 --> 00:39:24,792 a fertility divinity associated with weather, 758 00:39:24,958 --> 00:39:28,208 and thunder and lightning, 759 00:39:28,375 --> 00:39:31,500 so it is feared but it is also greatly revered 760 00:39:31,667 --> 00:39:33,250 because life comes from this, 761 00:39:33,458 --> 00:39:36,875 the life-giving waters of the rain come from Tlaloc. 762 00:39:38,708 --> 00:39:40,667 SHATNER: More than 25,000 people 763 00:39:40,792 --> 00:39:43,542 eagerly wait into the night to welcome Tlaloc 764 00:39:43,667 --> 00:39:45,500 to his new home in Mexico City 765 00:39:45,667 --> 00:39:48,167 after his long journey. 766 00:39:48,375 --> 00:39:50,500 But as the trucks carrying the hulking statue 767 00:39:50,583 --> 00:39:53,333 finally arrive, the crowd isn't expecting 768 00:39:53,417 --> 00:39:55,375 what would arrive along with him. 769 00:39:55,500 --> 00:39:57,333 COLLINS: As this statue was erected... 770 00:39:57,500 --> 00:39:59,875 (thunder crashes) 771 00:40:01,542 --> 00:40:04,292 ...suddenly the heavens opened up 772 00:40:04,417 --> 00:40:06,667 and for several days 773 00:40:06,833 --> 00:40:10,042 there was intense rain and thunderstorms. 774 00:40:10,208 --> 00:40:11,792 (thunder crashes) 775 00:40:11,875 --> 00:40:14,708 Now, this was done in the summer months 776 00:40:14,875 --> 00:40:19,750 when, in theory, there should be very little rain at all. 777 00:40:19,875 --> 00:40:24,333 This was so uncharacteristic of this time of year. 778 00:40:24,500 --> 00:40:27,375 SHATNER: Rain, during the dry season? 779 00:40:27,542 --> 00:40:30,292 Most people would see such an occurrence 780 00:40:30,458 --> 00:40:32,583 as nothing more than a coincidence. 781 00:40:34,667 --> 00:40:39,167 But some believe the rain was actually a good omen 782 00:40:39,292 --> 00:40:41,167 sent by Tlaloc in response 783 00:40:41,333 --> 00:40:44,458 to the warm welcome he received 784 00:40:44,667 --> 00:40:46,083 from the Mexican people. 785 00:40:48,458 --> 00:40:51,333 THOMPSON: Certainly a lot of people believe that these events-- 786 00:40:51,500 --> 00:40:53,458 for example, the downpour following 787 00:40:53,625 --> 00:40:55,958 the arrival of Tlaloc-- are connected. 788 00:40:56,125 --> 00:40:58,458 And perhaps they're connected because of the divine force, 789 00:40:58,625 --> 00:41:01,750 or perhaps it's actually the believer's belief 790 00:41:01,917 --> 00:41:05,167 and their faith that is helping to shape these events. 791 00:41:05,333 --> 00:41:07,417 (thunder crashes) 792 00:41:07,583 --> 00:41:10,042 So, certainly faith is powerful. 793 00:41:10,208 --> 00:41:13,833 They're coming in contact with the divine, perhaps. 794 00:41:15,542 --> 00:41:18,167 The fact is that it doesn't really matter, 795 00:41:18,375 --> 00:41:20,042 because it's about belief. 796 00:41:20,208 --> 00:41:22,333 If people believe strongly enough 797 00:41:22,417 --> 00:41:25,833 in an object, that can create a reality. 798 00:41:26,750 --> 00:41:29,000 Was the torrential downpour 799 00:41:29,208 --> 00:41:30,500 that took place in Mexico 800 00:41:30,667 --> 00:41:32,333 just a coincidence? 801 00:41:32,500 --> 00:41:37,583 Or was there a more mysterious force at play? 802 00:41:38,875 --> 00:41:41,125 Well, I guess the answer depends on whether you believe 803 00:41:41,333 --> 00:41:45,333 that a massive stone statue can possess extraordinary powers. 804 00:41:45,458 --> 00:41:47,500 In any case, it's clear that there are 805 00:41:47,667 --> 00:41:49,625 mystical structures around the globe 806 00:41:49,792 --> 00:41:52,042 which hold secrets, 807 00:41:52,208 --> 00:41:56,500 whether they're etched in stone or carved in wood, 808 00:41:56,667 --> 00:42:00,750 that will remain UnXplained. 809 00:42:00,958 --> 00:42:03,500 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY A+E NETWORKS 62610

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