Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:06,678 --> 00:00:08,680
[thunder rumbling]
2
00:00:08,763 --> 00:00:10,765
[intriguing music playing]
3
00:00:13,893 --> 00:00:17,313
[Morgan Freeman] Since life first emerged
on planet Earth,
4
00:00:19,274 --> 00:00:21,985
it has never stopped evolving…
5
00:00:28,742 --> 00:00:31,619
driven by an ever-changing world…
6
00:00:35,915 --> 00:00:38,168
and by intense competition.
7
00:00:44,966 --> 00:00:48,636
But there was one remarkable era
8
00:00:49,596 --> 00:00:52,515
when evolution went into overdrive…
9
00:00:54,851 --> 00:00:58,313
giving us many of the animals
we still have today…
10
00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:06,988
and the iconic giants
11
00:01:08,698 --> 00:01:11,034
that once ruled over them.
12
00:01:11,951 --> 00:01:13,453
[bleating, snorting]
13
00:01:13,536 --> 00:01:19,000
This is the story of the age of dinosaurs.
14
00:01:19,084 --> 00:01:21,086
[music intensifies]
15
00:01:24,255 --> 00:01:26,257
[music ends]
16
00:01:26,341 --> 00:01:28,426
[rousing music playing]
17
00:01:49,322 --> 00:01:51,741
[snarling]
18
00:01:51,825 --> 00:01:53,910
[trilling]
19
00:01:55,745 --> 00:01:56,996
[screeching]
20
00:02:02,127 --> 00:02:04,129
[rousing music continues]
21
00:02:08,091 --> 00:02:10,093
[growling]
22
00:02:10,176 --> 00:02:12,095
[wind howling]
23
00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:16,182
[rumbling]
24
00:02:17,976 --> 00:02:19,978
[rousing music intensifies]
25
00:02:23,523 --> 00:02:25,692
[music fades]
26
00:02:31,239 --> 00:02:33,408
[ominous music playing]
27
00:02:35,910 --> 00:02:40,206
It's the dawn of the Jurassic period.
28
00:02:45,170 --> 00:02:50,216
Pangaea, the supercontinent
that witnessed the age of reptiles,
29
00:02:51,176 --> 00:02:53,845
is slowly tearing itself apart.
30
00:03:01,978 --> 00:03:03,897
Shifting tectonic plates…
31
00:03:06,691 --> 00:03:09,277
force rivers of magma to the surface…
32
00:03:12,488 --> 00:03:16,451
beginning the total transformation
of the planet.
33
00:03:35,470 --> 00:03:37,138
Over millions of years,
34
00:03:37,222 --> 00:03:42,143
a molten fissure
slices the giant landmass in two.
35
00:03:46,731 --> 00:03:51,236
Water fills the rift
between the newly formed continents.
36
00:03:59,285 --> 00:04:01,955
As they grow further and further apart,
37
00:04:03,706 --> 00:04:07,001
brand-new environments are created…
38
00:04:15,510 --> 00:04:18,263
causing the extinction of many…
39
00:04:21,516 --> 00:04:25,311
but turbocharging evolution
for the survivors…
40
00:04:27,397 --> 00:04:30,817
and one group of animals in particular.
41
00:04:32,443 --> 00:04:34,362
[insects chirping]
42
00:04:38,408 --> 00:04:42,120
Deep in the towering forests
of Jurassic North America…
43
00:04:42,203 --> 00:04:44,247
[animals bellowing]
44
00:04:44,330 --> 00:04:49,335
…the biggest animals
to ever walk the Earth are on the rise.
45
00:04:57,343 --> 00:04:59,637
[low growling]
46
00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:01,889
Dinosaurs.
47
00:05:01,973 --> 00:05:04,017
[snorting]
48
00:05:04,100 --> 00:05:06,102
[gentle music playing]
49
00:05:08,187 --> 00:05:10,064
In the breakup of Pangaea,
50
00:05:11,065 --> 00:05:15,111
they've found themselves
in a world of plenty.
51
00:05:16,863 --> 00:05:18,865
[roaring]
52
00:05:23,202 --> 00:05:24,329
[snorting]
53
00:05:26,331 --> 00:05:32,170
Some, like Diplodocus,
have grown to become 25 meters long.
54
00:05:33,713 --> 00:05:34,964
[calling]
55
00:05:48,144 --> 00:05:50,271
But even at their size,
56
00:05:51,189 --> 00:05:53,483
they can never let down their guard…
57
00:05:54,192 --> 00:05:56,194
[branches snapping]
58
00:05:59,989 --> 00:06:01,991
[thunder crackling]
59
00:06:04,869 --> 00:06:06,245
[grunting]
60
00:06:06,329 --> 00:06:09,999
…for they aren't the only giants
of the Jurassic.
61
00:06:11,167 --> 00:06:13,419
[snorting]
62
00:06:16,589 --> 00:06:18,591
[thunder crackling]
63
00:06:18,674 --> 00:06:20,802
[tense ambient music playing]
64
00:06:38,569 --> 00:06:39,654
[growls softly]
65
00:06:41,072 --> 00:06:43,074
[ominous music playing]
66
00:06:43,950 --> 00:06:45,451
Allosaurus.
67
00:06:48,621 --> 00:06:50,164
[snarling]
68
00:06:51,124 --> 00:06:52,959
Nearly nine meters long…
69
00:06:55,086 --> 00:06:57,630
it's one of the largest predators on land
70
00:06:58,381 --> 00:07:01,634
in these early days
of the dinosaurs' reign.
71
00:07:02,760 --> 00:07:04,220
[grunting]
72
00:07:08,141 --> 00:07:11,102
It probes for opportunity.
73
00:07:11,185 --> 00:07:12,353
[Allosaurus hisses]
74
00:07:12,437 --> 00:07:14,814
[Diplodocus grunting]
75
00:07:17,984 --> 00:07:19,986
[snarling]
76
00:07:25,283 --> 00:07:27,827
But it's not the adults it's after.
77
00:07:29,370 --> 00:07:31,164
[snarling]
78
00:07:32,165 --> 00:07:36,544
This Allosaurus is looking
for much easier prey.
79
00:07:41,799 --> 00:07:44,010
A baby Diplodocus.
80
00:07:46,095 --> 00:07:47,096
[mewling]
81
00:07:47,972 --> 00:07:51,767
Hatched from an egg
no bigger than a grapefruit,
82
00:07:53,102 --> 00:07:58,149
she's too small to live among the herd
where she might be trampled.
83
00:07:59,817 --> 00:08:03,696
Instead, she must fend for herself.
84
00:08:06,741 --> 00:08:08,743
-[soft thud]
-[rustling]
85
00:08:10,495 --> 00:08:12,079
[snorting]
86
00:08:12,163 --> 00:08:16,334
The Allosaurus
will make quick work of the baby…
87
00:08:18,419 --> 00:08:19,754
if it can find her.
88
00:08:21,047 --> 00:08:23,049
[snorting, snarling]
89
00:08:25,635 --> 00:08:27,303
The youngster's best hope…
90
00:08:29,972 --> 00:08:32,808
is to stay as still as possible.
91
00:08:36,729 --> 00:08:38,731
[ominous music intensifies]
92
00:08:45,321 --> 00:08:47,865
The Allosaurus has keen senses…
93
00:08:47,949 --> 00:08:49,450
[snarling, snorting]
94
00:08:50,159 --> 00:08:55,039
…but the storm is masking any clues
to the baby's location.
95
00:09:01,295 --> 00:09:03,297
[snarling]
96
00:09:05,383 --> 00:09:07,385
[sniffs]
97
00:09:08,636 --> 00:09:10,346
[growling]
98
00:09:11,973 --> 00:09:13,307
[grunting]
99
00:09:21,857 --> 00:09:23,943
A very close call…
100
00:09:26,696 --> 00:09:30,032
and not just for one young Diplodocus.
101
00:09:30,116 --> 00:09:32,535
[thunder rumbling]
102
00:09:32,618 --> 00:09:34,620
[calling softly]
103
00:09:34,704 --> 00:09:36,706
[gentle music playing]
104
00:09:42,211 --> 00:09:45,089
To boost their chances of survival,
105
00:09:45,172 --> 00:09:48,342
these youngsters must eat
as much as they can
106
00:09:48,968 --> 00:09:51,012
as fast as possible…
107
00:09:51,804 --> 00:09:54,724
[uplifting music playing]
108
00:09:54,807 --> 00:09:58,644
…so they can grow into giant-sized adults.
109
00:10:06,652 --> 00:10:11,699
But just as these huge dinosaurs
were devouring the plants around them,
110
00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:17,163
the plants themselves were changing…
111
00:10:17,663 --> 00:10:19,498
[music ends]
112
00:10:19,582 --> 00:10:24,045
…in ways that would revolutionize
life on Earth.
113
00:10:24,128 --> 00:10:26,130
[birds squawking]
114
00:10:28,799 --> 00:10:35,222
Once upon a time, plants relied solely
on wind or water to spread their pollen…
115
00:10:40,561 --> 00:10:42,688
but in the age of dinosaurs,
116
00:10:43,272 --> 00:10:46,734
an innovation in plant reproduction arose…
117
00:10:50,738 --> 00:10:54,700
that is still very much with us today.
118
00:10:59,497 --> 00:11:01,499
[elegant music playing]
119
00:11:07,296 --> 00:11:08,506
The flower.
120
00:11:15,012 --> 00:11:17,098
At 40 centimeters across,
121
00:11:17,890 --> 00:11:24,814
this one belongs to a giant water lily
in South America's Amazon rainforest…
122
00:11:27,274 --> 00:11:32,488
and its sole purpose
is to attract an animal to pollinate it.
123
00:11:36,283 --> 00:11:42,081
As evening approaches, the flower produces
a powerful pineapple-like scent…
124
00:11:47,795 --> 00:11:51,215
irresistible to this beetle.
125
00:11:51,298 --> 00:11:53,551
[music fades]
126
00:11:58,514 --> 00:12:00,516
[ethereal music playing]
127
00:12:01,851 --> 00:12:04,353
Much like his ancient ancestors,
128
00:12:05,438 --> 00:12:09,358
the bewitched beetle
can't help but be enticed inside.
129
00:12:11,652 --> 00:12:14,822
He squeezes through the outer petals,
130
00:12:16,782 --> 00:12:18,617
into the heart of the flower,
131
00:12:19,869 --> 00:12:22,705
where paradise awaits.
132
00:12:25,708 --> 00:12:32,173
Inside, it's a balmy ten degrees warmer
than the surrounding night air.
133
00:12:35,259 --> 00:12:41,182
Here, it happily feasts
on the flower's succulent flesh.
134
00:12:42,975 --> 00:12:46,020
But the beetle also offers
something in return.
135
00:12:47,730 --> 00:12:51,901
Pollen picked up
from another giant water lily.
136
00:12:55,654 --> 00:13:02,119
As it feeds, the pollen rubs off
onto the flower's reproductive parts.
137
00:13:08,918 --> 00:13:10,336
When dawn arrives,
138
00:13:11,337 --> 00:13:13,130
the flower closes…
139
00:13:17,718 --> 00:13:21,472
enveloping the beetle
in its velvety petals…
140
00:13:26,060 --> 00:13:29,480
and covering it in its own sticky pollen.
141
00:13:34,652 --> 00:13:38,322
At dusk, the flower opens once more.
142
00:13:38,405 --> 00:13:41,283
[elegant music playing]
143
00:13:42,576 --> 00:13:46,330
Having served its purpose
in helping the plant to reproduce,
144
00:13:47,122 --> 00:13:51,085
it changes color
and loses its alluring scent…
145
00:13:55,256 --> 00:13:57,258
[music continues]
146
00:14:05,099 --> 00:14:09,645
allowing the beetle,
now covered in this flower's pollen,
147
00:14:09,728 --> 00:14:11,021
to fly off
148
00:14:12,147 --> 00:14:16,694
and unwittingly pollinate
another giant water lily.
149
00:14:18,654 --> 00:14:20,656
[birds tweeting]
150
00:14:24,034 --> 00:14:28,747
But the relationship between flowers
and their beetle pollinators
151
00:14:28,831 --> 00:14:30,207
was just the beginning.
152
00:14:33,627 --> 00:14:38,591
Other insects in the dinosaur era
soon got in on the action…
153
00:14:45,222 --> 00:14:47,641
taking pollen from flower to flower…
154
00:14:50,936 --> 00:14:53,981
in return for their sweet liquid nectar.
155
00:15:01,030 --> 00:15:03,032
[ethereal music playing]
156
00:15:06,952 --> 00:15:09,371
By 130 million years ago…
157
00:15:12,082 --> 00:15:14,710
flowers were becoming more vivid,
158
00:15:16,003 --> 00:15:17,171
vibrant,
159
00:15:18,672 --> 00:15:19,715
and varied,
160
00:15:21,133 --> 00:15:25,179
as they competed to attract
the very best pollinators.
161
00:15:36,523 --> 00:15:37,983
As they spread…
162
00:15:38,067 --> 00:15:40,069
[buzzing]
163
00:15:40,903 --> 00:15:43,697
…the land turned from an endless green…
164
00:15:46,867 --> 00:15:50,412
to a kaleidoscope of different colors.
165
00:15:54,166 --> 00:15:58,671
Today, there are ten times
more flowering plants
166
00:15:59,505 --> 00:16:03,342
than all other plant species combined.
167
00:16:06,637 --> 00:16:09,640
-[music ends]
-[insects chirping]
168
00:16:12,059 --> 00:16:14,937
However, as the world blossomed,
169
00:16:16,647 --> 00:16:18,899
other creatures began to exploit
170
00:16:18,983 --> 00:16:22,528
the relationship
between flower and insect…
171
00:16:25,155 --> 00:16:27,199
-[ominous music playing]
-[buzzing]
172
00:16:34,039 --> 00:16:35,791
…spawning a surge
173
00:16:37,292 --> 00:16:42,006
in the variety of predator and prey.
174
00:16:51,515 --> 00:16:55,853
Spiders had been around
for over 100 million years…
175
00:16:58,981 --> 00:17:04,194
but now started spinning their silk
into complex webs…
176
00:17:13,287 --> 00:17:16,707
taking advantage of this new wave of life.
177
00:17:24,631 --> 00:17:27,051
[serene music playing]
178
00:17:27,134 --> 00:17:29,678
By the middle of the dinosaurs' reign…
179
00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:34,892
there was such an explosion
in biodiversity…
180
00:17:37,186 --> 00:17:40,230
fueled by the arrival of flowering plants…
181
00:17:42,691 --> 00:17:45,903
that, for the very first time
in Earth's history,
182
00:17:46,403 --> 00:17:51,408
there were more species on land
than in the oceans.
183
00:17:52,534 --> 00:17:54,536
[serene music continues]
184
00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:06,882
[music fades]
185
00:18:16,642 --> 00:18:18,018
[whooshing]
186
00:18:21,814 --> 00:18:25,734
But it wasn't just the smaller creatures
that were changing
187
00:18:27,528 --> 00:18:29,863
in new and radical ways.
188
00:18:35,494 --> 00:18:37,246
This is Deinonychus.
189
00:18:37,329 --> 00:18:38,455
[croaking]
190
00:18:39,998 --> 00:18:42,209
Despite its endearing appearance,
191
00:18:44,002 --> 00:18:45,254
it's a dinosaur.
192
00:18:45,337 --> 00:18:47,047
[chattering]
193
00:18:47,131 --> 00:18:49,258
A baby dinosaur.
194
00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:56,473
"Deinonychus" translates
as "terrible claw."
195
00:18:59,601 --> 00:19:02,104
But that's not his only strength.
196
00:19:02,187 --> 00:19:03,605
[distant call]
197
00:19:03,689 --> 00:19:05,774
He's also got keen vision
198
00:19:07,526 --> 00:19:09,236
and excellent hearing.
199
00:19:09,862 --> 00:19:11,321
[distant call]
200
00:19:13,323 --> 00:19:14,449
[distant call]
201
00:19:14,533 --> 00:19:15,617
[squawking]
202
00:19:17,119 --> 00:19:22,082
But his most eye-catching adaptation
is his feathers.
203
00:19:23,125 --> 00:19:24,376
[croaks]
204
00:19:24,459 --> 00:19:28,964
Simple feather-like structures
first appeared back in the Triassic.
205
00:19:30,048 --> 00:19:33,051
Not for flight but for warmth.
206
00:19:34,469 --> 00:19:35,679
[snores]
207
00:19:35,762 --> 00:19:38,515
[juvenile croaks]
208
00:19:39,391 --> 00:19:41,101
Being able to stay warm
209
00:19:41,185 --> 00:19:45,189
means this branch of dinosaurs,
the theropods,
210
00:19:45,272 --> 00:19:47,566
can be active day and night…
211
00:19:50,569 --> 00:19:55,407
giving them more time to raise their young
as part of a family.
212
00:19:56,074 --> 00:19:57,326
[nearby squawk]
213
00:19:58,452 --> 00:20:00,579
-[squawks]
-[nearby squawk]
214
00:20:04,750 --> 00:20:05,834
[squawks]
215
00:20:07,211 --> 00:20:11,298
Living in a group
has other advantages too,
216
00:20:12,966 --> 00:20:16,345
especially when it's time to find food.
217
00:20:17,387 --> 00:20:18,472
[squawking]
218
00:20:20,140 --> 00:20:22,142
[energetic music playing]
219
00:20:24,603 --> 00:20:25,729
[squawking]
220
00:20:30,484 --> 00:20:33,528
For Deinonychus is a pack hunter.
221
00:20:39,117 --> 00:20:41,578
[hissing]
222
00:20:42,746 --> 00:20:43,830
[squawks]
223
00:20:45,832 --> 00:20:47,751
And a clever one at that.
224
00:20:52,381 --> 00:20:57,511
Their prey, Arkansaurus,
is also a dinosaur…
225
00:21:03,850 --> 00:21:07,938
but it leads a very different,
mainly plant-eating life.
226
00:21:08,021 --> 00:21:09,856
[snarling]
227
00:21:09,940 --> 00:21:11,733
What they both share, however…
228
00:21:11,817 --> 00:21:13,235
[trilling]
229
00:21:13,318 --> 00:21:14,569
…is speed.
230
00:21:14,653 --> 00:21:16,613
[dramatic music playing]
231
00:21:33,005 --> 00:21:34,256
[squawking]
232
00:21:39,928 --> 00:21:41,096
[trilling]
233
00:21:41,763 --> 00:21:44,308
Catching up with their prey is one thing.
234
00:21:44,391 --> 00:21:45,934
[squawking]
235
00:21:47,477 --> 00:21:49,521
-Bringing it down…
-[trilling]
236
00:21:49,604 --> 00:21:50,689
…another.
237
00:21:54,026 --> 00:21:55,277
Working together,
238
00:21:56,903 --> 00:21:58,989
they take turns to tire it out.
239
00:22:01,658 --> 00:22:02,659
[trilling]
240
00:22:03,702 --> 00:22:05,704
[dramatic music intensifies]
241
00:22:10,625 --> 00:22:12,627
-[squawking]
-[trilling]
242
00:22:18,759 --> 00:22:20,761
[trilling]
243
00:22:23,138 --> 00:22:24,890
[trilling]
244
00:22:24,973 --> 00:22:26,475
-[squawking]
-[music fades]
245
00:22:26,558 --> 00:22:33,482
Their terrible claws bring a swift end
to the exhausted Arkansaurus.
246
00:22:35,692 --> 00:22:36,985
[crunching]
247
00:22:37,986 --> 00:22:39,237
[snorting]
248
00:22:40,530 --> 00:22:42,824
As dinosaurs diversified,
249
00:22:44,242 --> 00:22:46,495
many became increasingly social.
250
00:22:48,288 --> 00:22:50,082
But even they couldn't compare
251
00:22:50,165 --> 00:22:53,502
with the greatest social animals
of their age,
252
00:22:54,544 --> 00:22:59,216
animals that were evolving
just beneath their feet.
253
00:22:59,299 --> 00:23:01,301
[birds tweeting]
254
00:23:12,145 --> 00:23:14,731
Today, in West Africa,
255
00:23:14,815 --> 00:23:20,529
we can still find the descendants
of those early supersocializers.
256
00:23:31,248 --> 00:23:32,582
Termites.
257
00:23:38,713 --> 00:23:41,299
One immense family of siblings
258
00:23:43,135 --> 00:23:45,095
five million strong…
259
00:23:50,308 --> 00:23:53,353
all working tirelessly for the colony
260
00:23:54,229 --> 00:23:56,565
and their mother, the queen.
261
00:24:04,698 --> 00:24:07,117
Social insects like termites
262
00:24:08,702 --> 00:24:11,455
first appeared in the age of dinosaurs…
263
00:24:14,708 --> 00:24:17,085
recycling the new vegetation…
264
00:24:21,298 --> 00:24:24,926
while also being the prime food source
265
00:24:26,887 --> 00:24:28,013
of their enemies.
266
00:24:30,182 --> 00:24:32,476
A scout has followed their scent.
267
00:24:33,018 --> 00:24:35,020
[ominous music playing]
268
00:24:36,855 --> 00:24:39,441
Armed with the news of her discovery,
269
00:24:40,108 --> 00:24:42,068
she races back to her nest.
270
00:24:44,863 --> 00:24:49,284
She's a member of another ancient group
of social insects…
271
00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:53,705
the ants.
272
00:24:59,252 --> 00:25:02,297
Competition between these rival species
273
00:25:03,089 --> 00:25:05,884
has been raging for millions of years…
274
00:25:08,762 --> 00:25:12,224
in a remarkable evolutionary arms race.
275
00:25:24,819 --> 00:25:29,199
Back at her nest,
the scout summons an army of her own.
276
00:25:34,287 --> 00:25:38,500
These are predatory Megaponera ants.
277
00:25:43,588 --> 00:25:46,174
Like a well-drilled Roman legion…
278
00:25:49,010 --> 00:25:52,514
a thousand soldiers march to war.
279
00:26:00,063 --> 00:26:02,190
When close to the termite workers,
280
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,151
the scout gives a signal…
281
00:26:07,279 --> 00:26:09,364
and the column starts to fan out,
282
00:26:11,032 --> 00:26:14,369
becoming a wave poised to break.
283
00:26:19,874 --> 00:26:22,168
Now, at full force,
284
00:26:23,044 --> 00:26:25,880
the scout gives one final order.
285
00:26:28,133 --> 00:26:29,384
Charge.
286
00:26:30,260 --> 00:26:32,262
[tense music playing]
287
00:26:38,810 --> 00:26:41,229
The termites are not defenseless.
288
00:26:46,985 --> 00:26:51,323
They've evolved a separate caste
of armed soldiers who protect the workers.
289
00:26:58,538 --> 00:27:01,166
Catching an ant,
they quickly dismember it.
290
00:27:06,254 --> 00:27:09,507
But these ants
have their own specialist weapons.
291
00:27:11,343 --> 00:27:16,389
They thrust their venomous stings
at their ancient rivals' only weak spot.
292
00:27:22,854 --> 00:27:24,898
Right between the jaws.
293
00:27:34,449 --> 00:27:39,579
The casualties in this age-old battle
rapidly mount up.
294
00:27:44,042 --> 00:27:47,545
But the marauding ants
overwhelm the termites.
295
00:27:55,387 --> 00:27:57,972
The victors gather up the vanquished
296
00:27:58,848 --> 00:28:00,684
and carry them back to the nest
297
00:28:02,102 --> 00:28:04,270
to feed the rest of the colony.
298
00:28:09,401 --> 00:28:15,448
Underground, the ants display the pinnacle
of their evolutionary achievements
299
00:28:15,532 --> 00:28:18,451
as they tend to their injured comrades.
300
00:28:24,666 --> 00:28:27,127
Many have lost limbs.
301
00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:35,552
But the workers
lick the wounds of the injured,
302
00:28:37,011 --> 00:28:41,975
using antibiotics carried in their saliva
to help them heal.
303
00:28:48,398 --> 00:28:51,276
Without this, most would die.
304
00:28:53,361 --> 00:28:55,780
But thanks to the treatment,
305
00:28:55,864 --> 00:29:00,785
they're able to march back out to war
within 24 hours,
306
00:29:02,454 --> 00:29:04,706
even with missing limbs.
307
00:29:08,376 --> 00:29:12,714
This is the only example of animals,
other than humans,
308
00:29:13,339 --> 00:29:15,967
using medicine to save another's life.
309
00:29:20,472 --> 00:29:21,890
By working together,
310
00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:28,188
social animals like ants and termites
flourished under the dinosaurs.
311
00:29:32,817 --> 00:29:37,280
But the ground beneath all their feet
was still on the move,
312
00:29:38,948 --> 00:29:41,910
causing seismic change.
313
00:29:41,993 --> 00:29:43,995
[rumbling]
314
00:29:49,459 --> 00:29:51,669
Ninety million years ago,
315
00:29:52,754 --> 00:29:57,634
and Earth's shifting tectonic plates
continued to reshape the planet.
316
00:29:57,717 --> 00:29:59,719
[poignant music playing]
317
00:30:13,900 --> 00:30:16,486
As the fragments of Pangaea spread out…
318
00:30:21,783 --> 00:30:25,954
upwellings of magma
began to lift the seafloor…
319
00:30:28,957 --> 00:30:31,000
raising global sea levels.
320
00:30:35,046 --> 00:30:37,382
This flooded the land…
321
00:30:37,465 --> 00:30:39,467
[rumbling]
322
00:30:42,470 --> 00:30:44,472
[music intensifies]
323
00:30:44,556 --> 00:30:46,558
[music softens]
324
00:30:48,268 --> 00:30:51,312
…creating numerous shallow seas…
325
00:30:54,858 --> 00:30:57,110
and multiple island continents,
326
00:30:58,152 --> 00:31:02,073
each with their own climate and character.
327
00:31:12,584 --> 00:31:19,424
Isolated on their respective landmasses,
dinosaurs thrived like never before.
328
00:31:25,346 --> 00:31:31,311
Alongside the long-necked giant sauropods
and the feathered theropods…
329
00:31:31,394 --> 00:31:32,812
[grunting]
330
00:31:32,896 --> 00:31:37,233
…another group of dinosaurs
were also finding success.
331
00:31:38,067 --> 00:31:39,819
The ornithischians.
332
00:31:39,903 --> 00:31:41,195
[grunting]
333
00:31:44,115 --> 00:31:45,533
[grunting]
334
00:31:47,660 --> 00:31:52,165
Just like Diplodocus,
they were mostly herbivores…
335
00:31:52,248 --> 00:31:54,083
[snorting, munching]
336
00:31:55,043 --> 00:31:58,671
…but they had evolved jaws
that could chew.
337
00:32:01,049 --> 00:32:03,051
[grunting]
338
00:32:05,678 --> 00:32:08,222
Combined with the surge in plant life,
339
00:32:08,973 --> 00:32:13,227
this saw ornithischians, like Maiasaura,
340
00:32:13,937 --> 00:32:18,274
form some of the largest herds
the Earth had ever seen.
341
00:32:18,858 --> 00:32:20,860
[majestic music playing]
342
00:32:32,580 --> 00:32:38,294
Across the world,
dinosaurs now dominated every land habitat
343
00:32:39,087 --> 00:32:41,756
the changing planet had to offer.
344
00:32:41,839 --> 00:32:43,132
[grunting]
345
00:32:46,678 --> 00:32:49,555
-But at the same time…
-[creature squeaking]
346
00:32:50,306 --> 00:32:54,769
…our own dynasty, the first true mammals,
347
00:32:56,354 --> 00:32:59,691
were also making the most
of the new abundance.
348
00:33:05,279 --> 00:33:07,281
[squeaking]
349
00:33:09,575 --> 00:33:11,536
In the shadows of the giants,
350
00:33:12,203 --> 00:33:17,583
these small creatures were limited
to a life in the margins.
351
00:33:20,586 --> 00:33:22,588
[squeaking]
352
00:33:25,591 --> 00:33:30,638
But they, too, were becoming
increasingly sophisticated, social,
353
00:33:31,222 --> 00:33:33,433
and able to take care of their young.
354
00:33:39,313 --> 00:33:41,315
[birds tweeting]
355
00:33:43,818 --> 00:33:47,488
Today, in the forests
of Southwest Australia,
356
00:33:48,448 --> 00:33:50,533
it's possible to get a glimpse
357
00:33:52,201 --> 00:33:56,998
of what life may have been like
for some of those ancient mammals.
358
00:34:00,293 --> 00:34:01,794
[whimsical music playing]
359
00:34:01,878 --> 00:34:03,963
This is a numbat,
360
00:34:05,882 --> 00:34:07,925
an endangered marsupial
361
00:34:08,676 --> 00:34:12,180
thought to number only 3,000 in the wild.
362
00:34:14,140 --> 00:34:16,768
Like some of her prehistoric ancestors,
363
00:34:17,810 --> 00:34:21,606
she, too, survives on a diet
of tasty termites.
364
00:34:24,984 --> 00:34:27,195
Using her long, sticky tongue,
365
00:34:28,571 --> 00:34:30,698
she scoops them up with relish.
366
00:34:31,783 --> 00:34:34,535
And the more, the merrier…
367
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:40,333
for back at the den…
368
00:34:41,417 --> 00:34:44,629
a handful of pups await her return.
369
00:34:44,712 --> 00:34:46,714
[calm music playing]
370
00:34:52,929 --> 00:34:55,139
Crucial to the success of mammals
371
00:34:55,807 --> 00:34:58,601
was the evolution of parental care.
372
00:34:59,644 --> 00:35:02,146
Giving birth to live young
373
00:35:03,815 --> 00:35:06,025
and nourishing them on their mother's milk
374
00:35:06,984 --> 00:35:09,028
until they reach independence.
375
00:35:17,995 --> 00:35:20,665
But for these nervous little youngsters…
376
00:35:24,752 --> 00:35:27,046
that might take a while.
377
00:35:33,761 --> 00:35:40,059
Most early mammals didn't have armor
or size to protect them…
378
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:49,986
yet just like in today's forests…
379
00:35:52,321 --> 00:35:55,741
danger was never far away.
380
00:35:56,492 --> 00:35:58,703
[music becomes tense]
381
00:35:58,786 --> 00:36:02,999
The discarded skin
of their ancient adversary.
382
00:36:09,797 --> 00:36:11,507
-The snake.
-[hissing]
383
00:36:14,677 --> 00:36:18,973
Snakes evolved around the same time
as the first true mammals.
384
00:36:19,849 --> 00:36:24,061
They lost the arms and legs
of their reptilian ancestors
385
00:36:24,145 --> 00:36:27,023
and developed a streamlined body…
386
00:36:29,609 --> 00:36:32,904
making them perfectly adapted
to hunting in burrows
387
00:36:32,987 --> 00:36:37,742
and silently pursuing their prey
through the undergrowth.
388
00:36:41,162 --> 00:36:44,415
But young mammals
aren't entirely helpless.
389
00:36:45,625 --> 00:36:48,211
They have their mothers
to look after them.
390
00:36:51,797 --> 00:36:53,382
She spots the danger…
391
00:36:53,466 --> 00:36:55,718
[tense music continues]
392
00:36:56,928 --> 00:36:58,387
[chirping]
393
00:36:58,471 --> 00:37:00,431
…and raises the alarm.
394
00:37:02,266 --> 00:37:04,268
[chirping]
395
00:37:05,061 --> 00:37:08,522
But the snake
is headed straight for her youngster.
396
00:37:10,358 --> 00:37:12,360
[music intensifies]
397
00:37:18,199 --> 00:37:20,201
[tense music ends]
398
00:37:20,284 --> 00:37:22,787
[serene music playing]
399
00:37:26,499 --> 00:37:28,125
Thanks to parental care,
400
00:37:28,709 --> 00:37:32,171
in this instance, the mammals win out.
401
00:37:34,173 --> 00:37:36,175
[dramatic music playing]
402
00:37:36,801 --> 00:37:39,929
But reptiles have patience.
403
00:37:41,973 --> 00:37:45,893
They've been playing this game
since the dawn of the dinosaurs.
404
00:37:47,895 --> 00:37:54,402
And as mammals prospered,
so too did the snakes that fed on them.
405
00:37:54,485 --> 00:37:56,904
[dramatic music continues]
406
00:38:03,035 --> 00:38:08,332
Today, there are more
than 3,000 species of snake.
407
00:38:10,501 --> 00:38:12,128
With their sinuous bodies…
408
00:38:17,133 --> 00:38:18,676
packed with muscle…
409
00:38:24,724 --> 00:38:29,103
they've evolved to exploit
almost every habitat on Earth.
410
00:38:34,734 --> 00:38:36,986
Even the oceans.
411
00:38:42,950 --> 00:38:44,785
Like many reptiles,
412
00:38:45,870 --> 00:38:49,123
their skin can offer perfect camouflage.
413
00:38:49,707 --> 00:38:51,709
[dramatic music continues]
414
00:38:55,171 --> 00:38:57,173
[rattling]
415
00:38:58,299 --> 00:39:00,009
[hissing]
416
00:39:00,092 --> 00:39:01,635
When paired with venom,
417
00:39:03,387 --> 00:39:06,140
the effect can be deadly.
418
00:39:12,188 --> 00:39:16,192
But mammals have acquired
some extraordinary defenses…
419
00:39:20,780 --> 00:39:23,532
having been locked
in an arms race with snakes
420
00:39:24,700 --> 00:39:26,994
for more than a hundred million years.
421
00:39:33,376 --> 00:39:35,127
The sidewinder snake.
422
00:39:37,421 --> 00:39:42,802
It will wait for hours at a time
for signs of passing heat.
423
00:39:48,099 --> 00:39:52,520
Heat that comes
from small warm-blooded mammals.
424
00:39:54,438 --> 00:39:56,440
[tense music playing]
425
00:40:00,277 --> 00:40:03,489
But kangaroo rats
are not your average rodent.
426
00:40:08,452 --> 00:40:10,704
They've developed a unique skill
427
00:40:12,081 --> 00:40:14,041
befitting of their name.
428
00:40:33,227 --> 00:40:37,022
The cold-blooded sidewinder
bides its time.
429
00:40:41,735 --> 00:40:44,864
It can go weeks without eating…
430
00:40:48,451 --> 00:40:50,828
just waiting to strike.
431
00:40:50,911 --> 00:40:53,539
-[hissing]
-[dramatic music playing]
432
00:40:53,622 --> 00:40:56,041
Split-second reactions…
433
00:40:58,377 --> 00:41:00,379
versus incredible patience.
434
00:41:11,724 --> 00:41:13,851
[dramatic music intensifies]
435
00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:22,985
These are the extremes that can evolve
436
00:41:23,068 --> 00:41:25,029
in the eternal game of life
437
00:41:26,363 --> 00:41:27,323
and death.
438
00:41:30,075 --> 00:41:31,827
[music ends]
439
00:41:42,421 --> 00:41:46,050
After 150 million years of dinosaur rule,
440
00:41:47,301 --> 00:41:50,679
the continents had shifted
almost to where they are today.
441
00:41:54,517 --> 00:41:56,519
[rousing music playing]
442
00:42:03,484 --> 00:42:08,364
Along the way, they had created
so many new environments
443
00:42:08,447 --> 00:42:13,202
that the dinosaurs had become
more successful than ever before.
444
00:42:13,827 --> 00:42:15,829
[animals calling]
445
00:42:27,591 --> 00:42:31,679
Beneath their feet
lived all the major animal groups
446
00:42:31,762 --> 00:42:33,681
that we recognize now.
447
00:42:41,564 --> 00:42:44,984
Dynasties from throughout the ages.
448
00:42:46,777 --> 00:42:49,905
Survivors from another era.
449
00:42:53,492 --> 00:42:57,580
Along with those
that had more recently come to the fore.
450
00:43:00,124 --> 00:43:03,544
But all of them forced to the margins
451
00:43:04,295 --> 00:43:07,214
by the dominance of the dinosaurs
452
00:43:08,340 --> 00:43:13,345
and the one iconic animal
that ruled over them all.
453
00:43:13,429 --> 00:43:15,431
[flies buzzing]
454
00:43:19,101 --> 00:43:20,436
[echoing thud]
455
00:43:29,778 --> 00:43:31,864
[majestic music playing]
456
00:43:31,947 --> 00:43:33,866
Thirteen meters long,
457
00:43:35,075 --> 00:43:37,536
weighing nine tons…
458
00:43:39,997 --> 00:43:41,999
[roaring]
459
00:43:44,752 --> 00:43:46,587
[roaring]
460
00:43:48,213 --> 00:43:49,423
[grunting]
461
00:43:49,506 --> 00:43:53,469
…it's no wonder
that the most famous predator
462
00:43:53,552 --> 00:43:55,763
in the history of life on our planet
463
00:43:57,348 --> 00:43:59,308
is Tyrannosaurus rex.
464
00:44:12,780 --> 00:44:14,031
[grunting]
465
00:44:16,992 --> 00:44:18,619
But he's not alone.
466
00:44:20,120 --> 00:44:21,538
[growling]
467
00:44:33,967 --> 00:44:35,969
[snarling]
468
00:44:38,180 --> 00:44:39,515
Another T. rex.
469
00:44:43,394 --> 00:44:44,978
[roaring]
470
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:51,360
The two size each other up.
471
00:44:51,443 --> 00:44:53,696
[growls]
472
00:44:54,947 --> 00:44:57,950
[roaring]
473
00:44:58,909 --> 00:45:01,620
Tyrannosaurs will often
fight for territory…
474
00:45:05,249 --> 00:45:08,085
and are not above cannibalism.
475
00:45:08,168 --> 00:45:09,878
[tense music playing]
476
00:45:09,962 --> 00:45:11,422
[snarling]
477
00:45:12,297 --> 00:45:15,592
But there's something else
on this male's mind…
478
00:45:18,887 --> 00:45:21,348
[low growling]
479
00:45:23,475 --> 00:45:27,730
…for he has found a female.
480
00:45:27,813 --> 00:45:29,815
[soft growling]
481
00:45:33,026 --> 00:45:38,866
And that means showing off his best moves
to win her over.
482
00:45:39,825 --> 00:45:42,828
[roaring]
483
00:45:48,667 --> 00:45:51,003
But misjudge the approach,
484
00:45:51,795 --> 00:45:54,590
and this date could be over in seconds.
485
00:45:58,135 --> 00:46:01,138
[soft growling]
486
00:46:01,221 --> 00:46:03,724
[serene music playing]
487
00:46:11,356 --> 00:46:14,067
[both growl softly]
488
00:46:18,238 --> 00:46:20,199
His mesmerizing movement
489
00:46:21,408 --> 00:46:23,410
and deep romping calls
490
00:46:25,078 --> 00:46:28,040
seem to be eliciting the right response.
491
00:46:28,999 --> 00:46:31,168
[uplifting music playing]
492
00:46:31,251 --> 00:46:34,379
And she mirrors his courtship dance.
493
00:46:41,845 --> 00:46:47,476
But the ultimate sign of trust
is exposing his neck.
494
00:46:47,559 --> 00:46:49,561
[soft growling]
495
00:46:52,189 --> 00:46:56,109
Rising together, they cement their bond.
496
00:46:56,193 --> 00:46:58,111
[both growl softly]
497
00:47:02,032 --> 00:47:04,660
For 150 million years,
498
00:47:05,285 --> 00:47:08,038
dinosaurs ruled the planet.
499
00:47:13,418 --> 00:47:16,338
Who knows what new heights
they might have reached
500
00:47:17,005 --> 00:47:19,091
if their reign had continued.
501
00:47:20,759 --> 00:47:22,344
But in the story of life…
502
00:47:22,427 --> 00:47:24,429
[whooshing]
503
00:47:24,513 --> 00:47:27,516
…nothing lasts forever.
504
00:47:29,518 --> 00:47:31,520
[explosive blast]
505
00:47:36,525 --> 00:47:39,403
[rousing music playing]
36001
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.