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Man as Twain: "I WAS MADE
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MERELY IN THE IMAGE OF GOD,
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BUT NOT OTHERWISE RESEMBLING
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HIM ENOUGH TO BE MISTAKEN
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FOR HIM BY ANYBODY BUT A VERY
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NEAR-SIGHTED PERSON.
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I BELIEVE THAT OUR HEAVENLY
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FATHER INVENTED MAN BECAUSE HE
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WAS DISAPPOINTED IN THE MONKEY."
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MARK TWAIN.
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Narrator: HE WAS A SOUTHERNER
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AND A NORTHERNER, A WESTERNER
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AND A NEW ENGLAND YANKEE,
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A TIRELESS WANDERER
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WHO LIVED IN A THOUSAND PLACES
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ALL AROUND THE WORLD.
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HE WOULD CALL JUST TWO OF THEM
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HOME--THE MISSOURI TOWN OF HIS
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CHILDHOOD, WHICH HE WOULD
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TRANSFORM INTO THE IDEALIZED
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HOMETOWN OF EVERY AMERICAN BOY,
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AND THE MAGNIFICENT CONNECTICUT
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HOUSE HE BUILT FOR HIS WIFE AND
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CHILDREN, WHICH HE HOPED WOULD
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SHELTER THEM FROM HARDSHIP,
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BUT WHERE HEARTBREAK FOUND THEM
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NONETHELESS.
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[STEAM WHISTLE BLOWS]
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DURING HIS LONG LIFE, HE WAS
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A PRINTER'S APPRENTICE AND
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A RIVERBOAT PILOT, A PROSPECTOR
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WHO NEVER STRUCK GOLD AND
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A CONFEDERATE SOLDIER WHO NEVER
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FOUGHT A BATTLE.
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[LAUGHTER]
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HE WAS CONSIDERED THE FUNNIEST
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MAN ON EARTH, A BRILLIANT
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PERFORMER ON THE LECTURE CIRCUIT
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WHO COULD ENTERTAIN ALMOST ANY
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AUDIENCE, AND A SPECTACULARLY
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INEPT BUSINESSMAN WHOSE
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COUNTLESS SCHEMES TO GET RICH
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QUICK THREATENED AGAIN AND
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AGAIN TO BRING HIM TO RUIN.
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BUT ABOVE ALL, MARK TWAIN WAS
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A WRITER, A NATURAL-BORN
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STORYTELLER AND A SELF-TAUGHT
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GENIUS WITH WORDS WHO
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UNDERSTOOD BEFORE ANYONE ELSE
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THAT ART COULD BE CREATED
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OUT OF THE AMERICAN LANGUAGE.
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Ron Powers, writer: THE GENIUS
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WAS FOR SPEAKING
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THE VOICE OF AMERICA,
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FOR INTERNALIZING AND THEN
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FLAWLESSLY REPRODUCING
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THE VOICE OF THE AMERICAN
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PEOPLE.
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Arthur Miller, playwright:
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HE WROTE AS THOUGH THERE HAD
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BEEN NO LITERATURE BEFORE HIM,
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AS THOUGH HE HAD DISCOVERED
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THE ART OF TELLING A STORY ABOUT
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THESE FOLKS THAT INHABIT THIS
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CONTINENT AND THAT THERE WAS NO
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OTHER CONTINENT.
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IT WAS LIKE SOMETHING THAT ROSE
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UP OUT OF THE SEA AND HAD NO
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HISTORY, AND HE WAS JUST TELLING
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WHAT HE RAN INTO.
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Hal Holbrook, actor:
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HE MADE AMERICAN SPEECH
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SOMETHING TO BE ADMIRED.
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EUROPEAN LANGUAGE WAS SUPPOSED
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TO BE THE IDEAL, BUT HE JUST--
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HE IDEALIZED THE AMERICAN
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LANGUAGE, AND HE USED THE WAY
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WE TALK AND TURNED IT INTO
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LITERATURE.
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Narrator: HE WROTE CONSTANTLY--
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NEWSPAPER STORIES, POETRY,
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PLAYS, POLITICAL DIATRIBES,
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TRAVEL PIECES, IRREVERENT
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MUSINGS ABOUT RELIGION, AND
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A SERIES OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL
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SKETCHES NOTED AS MUCH, HE
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ADMITTED, FOR THE TALL TALES
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THEY SPUN AS FOR THE TRUTH
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THEY TOLD.
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AND HE WROTE BOOKS--BOOKS READ
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BY MILLIONS, INCLUDING
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THE DECEPTIVELY SIMPLE STORY OF
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A BACKWOODS BOY AND A RUNAWAY
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SLAVE THAT SHOWED HIS PEOPLE
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A WHOLE NEW WAY TO THINK
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ABOUT THEMSELVES.
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David Bradley, writer: I THINK
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MARK TWAIN UNDERSTOOD
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THAT IF WE WERE GOING TO BE
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A COUNTRY, IF AMERICA WAS GOING
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TO BE THE NATION THAT IT STARTED
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OUT TO BE, THE PROBLEM OF RACE
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HAD TO BE SOLVED,
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AND I THINK HE REALIZED THAT IT
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WASN'T BEING SOLVED.
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MARK TWAIN TOLD THE TRUTH.
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HE SAW WHAT WE WERE ABOUT AND
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WAS NOT AFRAID TO DEAL WITH
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THINGS THAT OTHER PEOPLE WERE
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AFRAID TO DEAL WITH.
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Narrator: LIKE THE NATION
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HE WOULD COME TO EMBODY,
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HE WAS ALWAYS REINVENTING
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HIMSELF, ALWAYS RESTLESS,
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ALWAYS FULL OF CONTRADICTIONS.
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"I AM NOT AN AMERICAN,"
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MARK TWAIN SAID,
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"I AM THE AMERICAN."
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Man as Twain: "I WAS BORN
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THE 30th OF NOVEMBER 1835
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IN THE ALMOST INVISIBLE VILLAGE
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OF FLORIDA, MONROE COUNTY,
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MISSOURI.
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THE VILLAGE CONTAINED A HUNDRED
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PEOPLE, AND I INCREASED
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THE POPULATION BY 1%.
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IT IS MORE THAN MANY OF
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THE BEST MEN IN HISTORY
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COULD HAVE DONE FOR A TOWN.
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THERE IS NO RECORD OF A PERSON
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DOING AS MUCH,
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NOT EVEN SHAKESPEARE,
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BUT I DID IT
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FOR FLORIDA, MISSOURI,
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AND IT SHOWS I COULD HAVE DONE
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IT FOR ANY PLACE, EVEN LONDON,
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I SUPPOSE."
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Narrator: HE WAS BORN
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SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS,
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THE SIXTH OF 7 CHILDREN,
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TWO MONTHS PREMATURE
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AND SO THIN AND SICKLY, HIS
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MOTHER REMEMBERED, THAT "I COULD
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SEE NO PROMISE IN HIM."
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BUT HALLEY'S COMET HAD BLAZED IN
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THE SKY THE NIGHT OF HIS BIRTH,
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AND SHE CLUNG TO THE HOPE THAT
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IT MIGHT BE A BRIGHT OMEN FOR
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HER BABY'S FUTURE.
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HIS FATHER, JOHN CLEMENS, WAS
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A MERCHANT, LAWYER, AND OWNER OF
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A FEW SLAVES, WHOSE CHRONIC
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FINANCIAL FAILURES HAD FORCED
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HIM TO START OVER 5 TIMES
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IN A DOZEN YEARS.
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SAM CLEMENS WOULD REMEMBER THAT
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HE NEVER SAW HIS FATHER LAUGH.
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HIS MOTHER JANE WAS DIFFERENT.
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THOUGH A DEVOUT AND GOD-FEARING
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PRESBYTERIAN WHO MADE SURE HER
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CHILDREN MEMORIZED THEIR BIBLE
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VERSES, SHE LOVED DANCING AND
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MUSIC, AND DELIGHTED IN HEARING
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AND TELLING TALL TALES.
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[HORSE WHINNIES]
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IN 1839, HARD TIMES FORCED
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THE CLEMENS FAMILY TO MOVE ONCE
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MORE, THIS TIME TO A SMALL
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MISSISSIPPI RIVER TOWN
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CALLED HANNIBAL.
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THERE, SAM CLEMENS WOULD
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ACCUMULATE A LIFETIME'S
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WORTH OF MEMORIES.
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IN THE NEARBY WOODS,
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HE AND HIS FRIENDS PLAYED
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INDIANS, PIRATES, AND ROBIN HOOD
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AND HIS MERRY MEN.
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THEY EXPLORED A DEEP LIMESTONE
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CAVE WHERE THE CORPSE OF
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A 14-YEAR-OLD GIRL WAS
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SAID TO BE PRESERVED IN A GLASS
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CYLINDER AND WHERE A LOCAL
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NE'ER-DO-WELL NAMED "INJUN JOE"
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ONCE GOT LOST, SURVIVING ONLY
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ON BATS.
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THEY PLAYED HOOKY, SKIPPED
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SUNDAY SCHOOL, AND SPENT WHOLE
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DAYS ALONE ON AN ISLAND IN
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THE MIDDLE OF THE RIVER--
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FISHING, SMOKING CORN-COB PIPES,
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INVENTING PRANKS TO PLAY
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ON THE TOWNSPEOPLE.
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[BOYS TALKING AND SPLASHING]
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Ron Powers, writer: I THINK
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THAT PLACE FORMED MARK TWAIN
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AS IT HAS FORMED ALMOST
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NO OTHER AMERICAN WRITER.
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THROUGH MARK TWAIN, WE SEE
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HANNIBAL AS AN EDEN.
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WE SEE IT AS AN ETERNAL SUMMER.
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WE SEE IT AS A PLACE OF WOODS
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AND HILLS AND THAT GREAT FLOWING
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RIVER AND BOYS IN STRAW HATS
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FISHING AND FORMING FRIENDSHIPS,
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AND THAT CERTAINLY WAS A PART OF
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HIS CONSCIOUSNESS.
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Narrator: MUCH TO HIS PARENTS'
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DISAPPOINTMENT, ONE OF SAM'S
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CLOSEST BOYHOOD FRIENDS WAS
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TOM BLANKENSHIP, THE SON OF
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THE TOWN DRUNK, WHO LIVED NEARBY
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IN A WRECKED OLD HOUSE.
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AFTER DARK, WHEN SAM HEARD TOM'S
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SECRET CATCALL, HE WOULD SNEAK
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OUT THE BEDROOM WINDOW TO JOIN
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HIM IN A NIGHTTIME OF
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ADVENTURES.
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[OWL HOOTS]
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Man as Twain: "HE WAS IGNORANT,
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UNWASHED, INSUFFICIENTLY FED,
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BUT HE HAD AS GOOD A HEART
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AS EVER ANY BOY HAD.
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HE WAS THE ONLY REALLY
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INDEPENDENT PERSON, BOY OR MAN,
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IN THE COMMUNITY, AND BY
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CONSEQUENCE, HE WAS TRANQUILLY
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AND CONTINUOUSLY HAPPY AND WAS
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ENVIED BY ALL THE REST OF US."
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Ron Powers, writer:
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BUT THERE WAS AN UNDERCURRENT
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TO HANNIBAL, AND THAT
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UNDERCURRENT INVOLVED SUDDEN
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DEATH BY DROWNING IN THE RIVER,
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BY MURDEROUS THUGS WHO WALKED
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THE STREETS, AND THE BOY WAS
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AWARE OF ALL OF THESE THINGS.
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[THUNDER]
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Narrator: GROWING UP,
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SAM CLEMENS WAS RESTLESS
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AND NERVOUS AND DEEPLY SCARRED
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WHEN FIRST A SISTER
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AND THEN A BROTHER DIED
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OF CHILDHOOD DISEASES.
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[THUNDER]
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HE WAS GIVEN TO TERRIFYING
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NIGHTMARES AND SLEEP-WALKING
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AND OCCASIONAL FEARS THAT
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A LATE-NIGHT THUNDERSTORM WAS
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GOD'S WARNING TO HIM
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TO MEND HIS WAYS.
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[ROOSTER CROWS]
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EVERY SUMMER, SAM SPENT SEVERAL
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WEEKS ON HIS UNCLE'S
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NEARBY FARM.
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THERE, HE AND HIS COUSINS
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GATHERED IN THE EVENING IN
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THE CABIN OF AN OLD SLAVE THEY
258
00:10:05,839 --> 00:10:08,673
ALL CALLED "UNCLE DANIEL," WHO
259
00:10:08,741 --> 00:10:10,975
THRILLED THEM WITH GHOST STORIES
260
00:10:11,044 --> 00:10:12,577
AND INTRODUCED THEM TO
261
00:10:12,645 --> 00:10:15,647
SPIRITUALS AND JUBILEES.
262
00:10:15,716 --> 00:10:16,747
Voices singing:
263
00:10:16,816 --> 00:10:18,249
♪ OH, DO, LORD... ♪
264
00:10:18,318 --> 00:10:19,250
Ron Powers, writer: I THINK
265
00:10:19,319 --> 00:10:21,218
THAT RACE WAS ALWAYS A FACTOR
266
00:10:21,287 --> 00:10:22,253
IN HIS CONSCIOUSNESS
267
00:10:22,322 --> 00:10:24,956
PARTLY BECAUSE BLACK PEOPLE
268
00:10:25,025 --> 00:10:27,258
AND BLACK VOICES WERE THE NORM
269
00:10:27,260 --> 00:10:29,660
FOR HIM BEFORE HE UNDERSTOOD
270
00:10:29,729 --> 00:10:31,028
THERE WERE DIFFERENCES.
271
00:10:31,097 --> 00:10:32,497
Voices singing: ♪ OH, DO, LORD,
272
00:10:32,499 --> 00:10:35,934
REMEMBER ME ♪
273
00:10:35,936 --> 00:10:36,834
Ron Powers, writer: THEY WERE
274
00:10:36,903 --> 00:10:38,836
THE FIRST VOICES OF HIS YOUTH
275
00:10:38,905 --> 00:10:41,072
AND THE MOST POWERFUL,
276
00:10:41,141 --> 00:10:42,907
THE MOST METAPHORICAL, THE MOST
277
00:10:42,909 --> 00:10:45,709
VIVID STORYTELLING VOICES OF HIS
278
00:10:45,778 --> 00:10:47,978
EARLY CHILDHOOD.
279
00:10:48,047 --> 00:10:50,148
UNCLE DAN'L AND AUNT HANNAH, WHO
280
00:10:50,317 --> 00:10:51,515
WAS RUMORED TO BE A THOUSAND
281
00:10:51,584 --> 00:10:53,818
YEARS OLD AND WAS A CONFIDANT
282
00:10:53,887 --> 00:10:55,720
OF MOSES.
283
00:10:55,788 --> 00:10:57,388
THESE WERE TOWERING
284
00:10:57,457 --> 00:11:00,225
PERSONALITIES TO HIM.
285
00:11:00,227 --> 00:11:02,192
[MAN HUMMING SPIRITUAL]
286
00:11:02,261 --> 00:11:03,394
Man as Twain:
287
00:11:03,463 --> 00:11:04,929
"IN MY SCHOOLBOY DAYS,
288
00:11:05,098 --> 00:11:08,666
I HAD NO AVERSION TO SLAVERY.
289
00:11:08,735 --> 00:11:09,967
I WAS NOT AWARE THAT THERE WAS
290
00:11:10,036 --> 00:11:13,337
ANYTHING WRONG ABOUT IT.
291
00:11:13,406 --> 00:11:14,973
THE LOCAL PAPERS SAID NOTHING
292
00:11:14,975 --> 00:11:16,708
AGAINST IT.
293
00:11:16,710 --> 00:11:18,443
THE LOCAL PULPIT TAUGHT US THAT
294
00:11:18,445 --> 00:11:21,046
GOD APPROVED IT, THAT IT WAS
295
00:11:21,048 --> 00:11:23,715
A HOLY THING, AND THAT
296
00:11:23,783 --> 00:11:25,249
THE DOUBTER NEED ONLY LOOK IN
297
00:11:25,318 --> 00:11:26,917
THE BIBLE IF HE WISHED TO SETTLE
298
00:11:26,986 --> 00:11:29,487
HIS MIND, AND THEN THE TEXTS
299
00:11:29,556 --> 00:11:31,122
WERE READ ALOUD TO US TO
300
00:11:31,191 --> 00:11:35,527
MAKE THE MATTER SURE.
301
00:11:35,595 --> 00:11:36,995
IF THE SLAVES THEMSELVES HAD
302
00:11:37,164 --> 00:11:39,463
AN AVERSION TO SLAVERY, THEY
303
00:11:39,532 --> 00:11:44,202
WERE WISE AND SAID NOTHING."
304
00:11:49,676 --> 00:11:50,741
Narrator: ONE OF HIS MOST
305
00:11:50,810 --> 00:11:52,610
LASTING CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
306
00:11:52,779 --> 00:11:55,012
WAS OF A DOZEN MEN AND WOMEN
307
00:11:55,081 --> 00:11:56,647
CHAINED TOGETHER,
308
00:11:56,716 --> 00:11:58,716
WAITING TO BE SHIPPED DOWNRIVER
309
00:11:58,885 --> 00:12:02,119
TO THE SLAVE MARKET.
310
00:12:02,188 --> 00:12:04,121
"THEY HAD," HE SAID,
311
00:12:04,190 --> 00:12:08,393
"THE SADDEST FACES I EVER SAW."
312
00:12:11,998 --> 00:12:14,999
IN 1847, JOHN MARSHAL CLEMENS
313
00:12:15,067 --> 00:12:17,301
WAS CAUGHT IN A SLEET STORM,
314
00:12:17,370 --> 00:12:18,936
DEVELOPED PNEUMONIA,
315
00:12:19,005 --> 00:12:23,541
AND ON MARCH 24, DIED.
316
00:12:23,543 --> 00:12:25,810
TO HELP HIS FAMILY GET BY, SAM
317
00:12:25,879 --> 00:12:27,245
HAD TO LEAVE SCHOOL AND GO TO
318
00:12:27,314 --> 00:12:30,548
WORK AS A PRINTER'S APPRENTICE.
319
00:12:30,617 --> 00:12:32,550
AT 14, HE GOT A JOB AT
320
00:12:32,719 --> 00:12:34,719
A BRAND-NEW PAPER IN TOWN--
321
00:12:34,788 --> 00:12:37,355
THE HANNIBAL JOURNAL.
322
00:12:37,423 --> 00:12:38,957
HIS BOSS WAS HIS OLDER BROTHER
323
00:12:39,025 --> 00:12:41,025
ORION, WHO HAD INHERITED HIS
324
00:12:41,093 --> 00:12:43,227
FATHER'S GIFT FOR FINANCIAL
325
00:12:43,296 --> 00:12:45,229
FAILURE.
326
00:12:45,231 --> 00:12:47,632
OVER THE COURSE OF TWO YEARS,
327
00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:49,167
ORION NEVER ONCE PAID HIS
328
00:12:49,235 --> 00:12:51,135
BROTHER THE $3.50 A WEEK
329
00:12:51,204 --> 00:12:52,770
HE HAD PROMISED.
330
00:12:52,839 --> 00:12:53,872
Ron Powers, writer:
331
00:12:53,874 --> 00:12:57,241
ORION WAS A SCHLEMIEL,
332
00:12:57,310 --> 00:12:59,010
BUT HE DID, IN HIS BUMBLING,
333
00:12:59,079 --> 00:13:00,979
LURE SAMMY INTO THE WORLD OF
334
00:13:01,047 --> 00:13:04,215
WORDS AND IDEAS.
335
00:13:04,284 --> 00:13:05,382
BECOMING A PRINTER'S APPRENTICE
336
00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:06,951
GAVE HIM AN ALMOST TACTILE
337
00:13:07,019 --> 00:13:08,652
POSSESSION OF WORDS.
338
00:13:08,721 --> 00:13:10,387
HE COULD NOW LAY HIS HANDS ON
339
00:13:10,456 --> 00:13:11,889
THOSE LETTERS, AND HE COULD SET
340
00:13:11,958 --> 00:13:13,491
THE WORDS IN TYPE, AND HE COULD
341
00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:16,460
FEEL THE WORDS.
342
00:13:16,462 --> 00:13:17,328
Narrator: SAM MADE THE MOST
343
00:13:17,397 --> 00:13:19,063
OF THE EXPERIENCE.
344
00:13:19,132 --> 00:13:20,264
HE READ EVERYTHING HE COULD
345
00:13:20,433 --> 00:13:23,134
FIND--SHAKESPEARE AND THE BIBLE,
346
00:13:23,203 --> 00:13:25,937
HISTORIES AND NOVELS, NEWSPAPERS
347
00:13:26,005 --> 00:13:28,206
FROM EVERYWHERE--
348
00:13:28,274 --> 00:13:29,473
AND HE NOW BEGAN TO WRITE
349
00:13:29,475 --> 00:13:31,075
OCCASIONAL LIGHT VERSE AND
350
00:13:31,144 --> 00:13:32,777
HUMOROUS SKETCHES
351
00:13:32,846 --> 00:13:33,745
UNDER THE PSEUDONYM OF
352
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:37,849
W. EPAMINONDAS ADRASTUS BLAB,
353
00:13:37,917 --> 00:13:39,517
"ANYTHING," HE LATER SAID,
354
00:13:39,586 --> 00:13:41,753
"TO MAKE THE PAPER LIVELY."
355
00:13:41,821 --> 00:13:42,753
Man as Twain:
356
00:13:42,822 --> 00:13:43,822
"HANNIBAL JOURNAL,
357
00:13:43,890 --> 00:13:46,824
MAY 6, 1853.
358
00:13:46,893 --> 00:13:49,093
TERRIBLE ACCIDENT!
359
00:13:49,162 --> 00:13:52,697
500 MEN KILLED AND MISSING!!
360
00:13:52,765 --> 00:13:54,899
WE HAD SET THE ABOVE HEAD UP,
361
00:13:54,968 --> 00:13:58,102
EXPECTING (OF COURSE) TO USE IT,
362
00:13:58,171 --> 00:13:59,603
BUT AS THE ACCIDENT HASN'T
363
00:13:59,672 --> 00:14:02,673
HAPPENED, YET, WE'LL SAY...
364
00:14:02,742 --> 00:14:05,576
(TO BE CONTINUED.)"
365
00:14:05,645 --> 00:14:08,212
[STEAM WHISTLE BLOWS]
366
00:14:08,280 --> 00:14:09,447
Narrator: BY THE TIME
367
00:14:09,516 --> 00:14:11,015
SAM WAS 17,
368
00:14:11,084 --> 00:14:14,652
HANNIBAL SEEMED TOO CONFINING.
369
00:14:14,721 --> 00:14:15,920
AFTER SOLEMNLY PROMISING HIS
370
00:14:15,988 --> 00:14:18,055
MOTHER NOT TO DRINK OR GAMBLE,
371
00:14:18,057 --> 00:14:19,790
HE PACKED HIS BAGS AND SET OFF
372
00:14:19,859 --> 00:14:21,592
DOWN THE RIVER TO MAKE A NAME
373
00:14:21,661 --> 00:14:23,594
FOR HIMSELF.
374
00:14:23,763 --> 00:14:24,662
IT WAS THE BEGINNING OF
375
00:14:24,731 --> 00:14:28,432
A LIFETIME OF WANDERING.
376
00:14:28,501 --> 00:14:30,834
HE SET TYPE IN ST. LOUIS,
377
00:14:30,903 --> 00:14:33,371
NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA,
378
00:14:33,439 --> 00:14:36,340
KEOKUK, IOWA, AND CINCINNATI,
379
00:14:36,409 --> 00:14:37,742
WHERE HE ALSO WROTE HUMOROUS
380
00:14:37,811 --> 00:14:40,077
ARTICLES AT $5.00 EACH
381
00:14:40,246 --> 00:14:41,779
UNDER THE PEN NAME
382
00:14:41,948 --> 00:14:45,083
THOMAS JEFFERSON SNODGRASS.
383
00:14:45,151 --> 00:14:49,020
NONE OF IT SATISFIED HIM.
384
00:14:49,089 --> 00:14:51,856
IN THE SPRING OF 1857,
385
00:14:51,858 --> 00:14:53,257
HE BOARDED A STEAMBOAT CALLED
386
00:14:53,326 --> 00:14:55,159
THE PAUL JONES BOUND FOR
387
00:14:55,227 --> 00:14:57,027
NEW ORLEANS WITH THE GRAND
388
00:14:57,096 --> 00:14:59,363
AMBITION OF GOING ON TO BRAZIL
389
00:14:59,432 --> 00:15:01,298
TO MAKE HIS FORTUNE TRADING IN
390
00:15:01,367 --> 00:15:04,168
COCA PLANTS,
391
00:15:04,236 --> 00:15:06,303
BUT ON HIS WAY DOWN THE RIVER,
392
00:15:06,372 --> 00:15:10,975
AN OLD DREAM WAS REAWAKENED.
393
00:15:10,977 --> 00:15:12,944
Man as Twain:
394
00:15:13,013 --> 00:15:15,379
"WHEN I WAS A BOY, THERE WAS
395
00:15:15,448 --> 00:15:17,781
BUT ONE PERMANENT AMBITION AMONG
396
00:15:17,850 --> 00:15:20,617
MY COMRADES IN OUR VILLAGE.
397
00:15:20,686 --> 00:15:24,721
THAT WAS TO BE A STEAMBOATMAN.
398
00:15:24,790 --> 00:15:26,590
WE HAD TRANSIENT AMBITIONS OF
399
00:15:26,592 --> 00:15:29,026
OTHER SORTS, BUT THEY WERE ONLY
400
00:15:29,095 --> 00:15:30,628
TRANSIENT.
401
00:15:30,696 --> 00:15:32,730
WHEN A CIRCUS CAME AND WENT,
402
00:15:32,799 --> 00:15:34,565
IT LEFT US ALL BURNING
403
00:15:34,634 --> 00:15:36,801
TO BECOME CLOWNS.
404
00:15:36,869 --> 00:15:38,436
THE FIRST NEGRO MINSTREL SHOW
405
00:15:38,504 --> 00:15:40,438
THAT CAME TO OUR SECTION LEFT US
406
00:15:40,440 --> 00:15:42,473
ALL SUFFERING TO TRY THAT KIND
407
00:15:42,542 --> 00:15:44,208
OF LIFE.
408
00:15:44,277 --> 00:15:45,776
NOW AND THEN, WE HAD A HOPE THAT
409
00:15:45,845 --> 00:15:48,445
IF WE LIVED AND WERE GOOD, GOD
410
00:15:48,514 --> 00:15:51,849
WOULD PERMIT US TO BE PIRATES.
411
00:15:51,918 --> 00:15:53,985
THESE AMBITIONS FADED OUT, EACH
412
00:15:54,054 --> 00:15:56,820
IN ITS TURN, BUT THE AMBITION
413
00:15:56,889 --> 00:15:59,524
TO BE A STEAMBOATMAN
414
00:15:59,526 --> 00:16:03,061
ALWAYS REMAINED."
415
00:16:09,802 --> 00:16:12,370
[STEAM WHISTLE BLOWS]
416
00:16:12,438 --> 00:16:13,437
Narrator: BY THE TIME
417
00:16:13,506 --> 00:16:15,272
SAM CLEMENS REACHED NEW ORLEANS,
418
00:16:15,341 --> 00:16:16,941
HE HAD CONVINCED THE PILOT
419
00:16:17,009 --> 00:16:18,042
OF THE PAUL JONES
420
00:16:18,111 --> 00:16:19,410
TO TAKE HIM ON
421
00:16:19,479 --> 00:16:21,946
AS AN APPRENTICE IN EXCHANGE
422
00:16:22,015 --> 00:16:28,953
FOR THE FIRST $500 OF HIS WAGES.
423
00:16:29,022 --> 00:16:31,022
SAM SOON REALIZED JUST HOW
424
00:16:31,091 --> 00:16:33,691
DIFFICULT THE JOB WAS.
425
00:16:33,860 --> 00:16:35,093
A RIVERBOAT PILOT NEEDED TO
426
00:16:35,095 --> 00:16:36,860
COMMIT TO MEMORY EVERY LANDMARK
427
00:16:36,929 --> 00:16:39,296
ON BOTH SIDES OF THE BIG RIVER,
428
00:16:39,365 --> 00:16:41,198
1,200 TWISTING MILES
429
00:16:41,200 --> 00:16:43,901
FROM NEW ORLEANS TO ST. LOUIS,
430
00:16:43,970 --> 00:16:44,902
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
431
00:16:44,971 --> 00:16:46,470
RIFFLES ON THE WATER'S SURFACE
432
00:16:46,539 --> 00:16:48,772
CAUSED BY WIND AND THOSE CREATED
433
00:16:48,841 --> 00:16:51,576
BY DANGEROUS REEFS,
434
00:16:51,578 --> 00:16:52,676
LEARN TO NOTE THE CHANGING
435
00:16:52,745 --> 00:16:55,279
DEPTHS AT EVERY CRUCIAL SPOT
436
00:16:55,348 --> 00:16:56,714
WHERE THE LEADSMEN DROPPED THEIR
437
00:16:56,783 --> 00:16:58,716
KNOTTED ROPE LINES AND SANG OUT
438
00:16:58,785 --> 00:17:00,785
THEIR MEASUREMENTS--
439
00:17:00,854 --> 00:17:03,687
QUARTER-TWAIN, HALF-TWAIN, AND
440
00:17:03,756 --> 00:17:05,189
THE MOST PLEASANT SOUND OF ALL
441
00:17:05,257 --> 00:17:08,059
TO A PILOT--MARK TWAIN,
442
00:17:08,128 --> 00:17:11,762
MEANING TWO FATHOMS, OR 12 FEET.
443
00:17:11,831 --> 00:17:16,500
SAFE WATER.
444
00:17:16,569 --> 00:17:18,435
A PILOT HAD TO DIGEST ALL THIS
445
00:17:18,504 --> 00:17:20,471
INFORMATION AND THEN BE ABLE TO
446
00:17:20,540 --> 00:17:23,807
APPLY IT DAY AND NIGHT, IN CLEAR
447
00:17:23,876 --> 00:17:28,045
WEATHER AND IMPENETRABLE FOG.
448
00:17:28,114 --> 00:17:29,046
Man as Twain:
449
00:17:29,114 --> 00:17:30,814
"THE FACE OF THE WATER, IN
450
00:17:30,883 --> 00:17:36,553
TIME, BECAME A WONDERFUL BOOK,
451
00:17:36,622 --> 00:17:38,423
A BOOK THAT WAS A DEAD LANGUAGE
452
00:17:38,425 --> 00:17:41,092
TO THE UNEDUCATED PASSENGER BUT
453
00:17:41,160 --> 00:17:42,927
WHICH TOLD ITS MIND TO ME
454
00:17:42,995 --> 00:17:45,629
WITHOUT RESERVE, DELIVERING ITS
455
00:17:45,698 --> 00:17:47,432
MOST CHERISHED SECRETS AS
456
00:17:47,600 --> 00:17:48,933
CLEARLY AS IF IT UTTERED THEM
457
00:17:49,002 --> 00:17:52,637
WITH A VOICE.
458
00:17:52,806 --> 00:17:54,138
AND IT WAS NOT A BOOK TO BE READ
459
00:17:54,207 --> 00:17:56,840
ONCE AND THROWN ASIDE,
460
00:17:56,909 --> 00:17:58,709
FOR IT HAD A NEW STORY TO TELL
461
00:17:58,878 --> 00:18:03,047
EVERY DAY.
462
00:18:03,216 --> 00:18:05,383
THROUGHOUT THE LONG 1,200 MILES,
463
00:18:05,451 --> 00:18:07,184
THERE WAS NEVER A PAGE THAT WAS
464
00:18:07,253 --> 00:18:09,587
VOID OF INTEREST, NEVER ONE THAT
465
00:18:09,656 --> 00:18:12,389
YOU COULD LEAVE UNREAD AND LOST,
466
00:18:12,458 --> 00:18:13,958
NEVER ONE THAT YOU WOULD WANT TO
467
00:18:14,026 --> 00:18:16,227
SKIP THINKING YOU COULD FIND
468
00:18:16,295 --> 00:18:17,795
HIGHER ENJOYMENT IN SOME
469
00:18:17,964 --> 00:18:21,298
OTHER THING.
470
00:18:21,467 --> 00:18:23,300
IN TRUTH, THE PASSENGER WHO
471
00:18:23,369 --> 00:18:25,569
COULD NOT READ THIS BOOK SAW
472
00:18:25,638 --> 00:18:27,538
NOTHING BUT ALL MANNER OF PRETTY
473
00:18:27,607 --> 00:18:29,073
PICTURES IN IT,
474
00:18:29,242 --> 00:18:30,674
PAINTED BY THE SUN AND SHADED
475
00:18:30,743 --> 00:18:33,711
BY THE CLOUDS,
476
00:18:33,780 --> 00:18:35,879
WHEREAS TO THE TRAINED EYE,
477
00:18:35,948 --> 00:18:38,816
THESE WERE NOT PICTURES AT ALL,
478
00:18:38,885 --> 00:18:40,918
BUT THE GRIMMEST AND MOST
479
00:18:40,987 --> 00:18:44,655
DEAD-EARNEST OF READING MATTER."
480
00:18:48,127 --> 00:18:50,994
[STEAM WHISTLE BLOWS]
481
00:18:51,063 --> 00:18:53,230
Narrator: IN THE SPRING OF 1858,
482
00:18:53,299 --> 00:18:55,499
SAM, NOW A CUB PILOT ON
483
00:18:55,568 --> 00:18:57,501
THE SIDE-WHEELER PENNSYLVANIA,
484
00:18:57,570 --> 00:18:58,802
PERSUADED HIS YOUNGER BROTHER
485
00:18:58,871 --> 00:19:00,604
HENRY TO JOIN THE CREW
486
00:19:00,673 --> 00:19:03,074
AS A CLERK.
487
00:19:03,142 --> 00:19:04,441
THE TWO BROTHERS HAD ALWAYS BEEN
488
00:19:04,510 --> 00:19:07,011
CLOSE, AND SAM WAS GRATEFUL FOR
489
00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:09,413
HENRY'S COMPANIONSHIP, HAPPY TO
490
00:19:09,482 --> 00:19:13,150
HAVE LAUNCHED HIM ON A CAREER.
491
00:19:13,218 --> 00:19:14,618
BUT SAM GOT INTO A QUARREL WITH
492
00:19:14,687 --> 00:19:16,753
THE PENNSYLVANIA'S PILOT AND WAS
493
00:19:16,822 --> 00:19:18,356
TRANSFERRED TO ANOTHER BOAT IN
494
00:19:18,424 --> 00:19:21,024
NEW ORLEANS.
495
00:19:21,093 --> 00:19:22,326
THE BROTHERS AGREED TO MEET
496
00:19:22,395 --> 00:19:23,394
AT THEIR SISTER'S HOUSE
497
00:19:23,463 --> 00:19:25,863
IN ST. LOUIS, AND HENRY SET OUT
498
00:19:25,932 --> 00:19:29,733
UPRIVER ON THE PENNSYLVANIA.
499
00:19:29,802 --> 00:19:31,835
SAM FOLLOWED TWO DAYS LATER ON
500
00:19:31,904 --> 00:19:34,171
ANOTHER BOAT.
501
00:19:36,609 --> 00:19:38,876
AT GREENVILLE, MISSISSIPPI,
502
00:19:38,945 --> 00:19:40,244
SOMEONE FROM SHORE SHOUTED TO
503
00:19:40,413 --> 00:19:41,679
SAM'S BOAT THAT
504
00:19:41,747 --> 00:19:43,447
THE PENNSYLVANIA'S BOILERS HAD
505
00:19:43,516 --> 00:19:45,950
BLOWN UP AND SHE HAD GONE DOWN
506
00:19:45,952 --> 00:19:49,387
NEAR MEMPHIS.
507
00:19:49,455 --> 00:19:51,956
IN ARKANSAS, SAM WAS RELIEVED
508
00:19:52,025 --> 00:19:52,990
WHEN HE GOT A NEWSPAPER
509
00:19:53,059 --> 00:19:54,625
THAT LISTED HENRY AMONG
510
00:19:54,627 --> 00:19:57,027
THE UNINJURED,
511
00:19:57,096 --> 00:19:58,295
BUT THEN SAM BEGAN SEEING
512
00:19:58,364 --> 00:20:01,299
CORPSES BOBBING IN THE WATER,
513
00:20:01,367 --> 00:20:03,267
AND FARTHER UPRIVER ANOTHER
514
00:20:03,336 --> 00:20:05,569
PAPER REPORTED THAT HENRY HAD
515
00:20:05,638 --> 00:20:09,206
BEEN HURT.
516
00:20:09,274 --> 00:20:10,408
WHEN HE FINALLY ARRIVED IN
517
00:20:10,476 --> 00:20:12,209
MEMPHIS AND RUSHED TO
518
00:20:12,278 --> 00:20:14,278
THE MAKESHIFT HOSPITAL,
519
00:20:14,347 --> 00:20:15,679
HE FOUND HIS BROTHER, STILL
520
00:20:15,748 --> 00:20:18,348
ALIVE, BUT BADLY BURNED AND NOT
521
00:20:18,417 --> 00:20:21,585
EXPECTED TO SURVIVE.
522
00:20:21,653 --> 00:20:23,554
Man as Twain:
523
00:20:23,623 --> 00:20:25,722
"MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE,
524
00:20:25,791 --> 00:20:30,027
FRIDAY, JUNE 18, 1858.
525
00:20:30,095 --> 00:20:31,962
THE HORRORS OF 3 DAYS
526
00:20:31,964 --> 00:20:34,498
HAVE SWEPT OVER ME.
527
00:20:34,567 --> 00:20:35,900
THEY HAVE BLASTED MY YOUTH
528
00:20:35,968 --> 00:20:37,801
AND LEFT ME AN OLD MAN
529
00:20:37,870 --> 00:20:39,837
BEFORE MY TIME.
530
00:20:39,906 --> 00:20:42,239
FOR 48 HOURS, I LABORED AT
531
00:20:42,308 --> 00:20:44,675
THE BEDSIDE OF MY POOR BURNED
532
00:20:44,743 --> 00:20:47,211
AND BRUISED BUT UNCOMPLAINING
533
00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:51,182
BROTHER.
534
00:20:51,250 --> 00:20:54,184
LONG BEFORE THIS REACHES YOU,
535
00:20:54,253 --> 00:20:55,953
MY POOR HENRY WILL HAVE FINISHED
536
00:20:56,021 --> 00:20:58,856
HIS BLAMELESS CAREER, AND
537
00:20:58,858 --> 00:21:00,724
THE LIGHT OF MY LIFE WILL HAVE
538
00:21:00,792 --> 00:21:05,763
GONE OUT IN UTTER DARKNESS."
539
00:21:05,765 --> 00:21:07,264
Narrator: ON JUNE 21,
540
00:21:07,333 --> 00:21:08,665
HENRY CLEMENS,
541
00:21:08,734 --> 00:21:13,571
JUST 19 YEARS OLD, DIED.
542
00:21:13,573 --> 00:21:15,673
SAM BLAMED HIMSELF FOR HAVING
543
00:21:15,841 --> 00:21:17,341
LURED HENRY ONTO THE RIVER IN
544
00:21:17,410 --> 00:21:20,544
THE FIRST PLACE AND ESPECIALLY
545
00:21:20,613 --> 00:21:22,346
FOR NOT BEING THERE
546
00:21:22,415 --> 00:21:23,146
WHEN HIS LITTLE BROTHER
547
00:21:23,215 --> 00:21:25,415
HAD NEEDED HIM MOST.
548
00:21:25,484 --> 00:21:26,650
Ron Powers, writer:
549
00:21:26,718 --> 00:21:28,252
HENRY CLEMENS' DEATH WAS
550
00:21:28,321 --> 00:21:29,753
THE CULMINATING SORROW OF HIS
551
00:21:29,822 --> 00:21:32,690
BOYHOOD, AND I THINK IT ANNEALED
552
00:21:32,692 --> 00:21:34,091
A GREAT SORROW IN HIM
553
00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:36,159
AND A GREAT SENSE OF REMORSE
554
00:21:36,228 --> 00:21:38,695
THAT HE NEVER LOST.
555
00:21:38,764 --> 00:21:40,163
HE SEEMED TO BELIEVE HIMSELF
556
00:21:40,232 --> 00:21:41,666
IN SOME WAY RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL
557
00:21:41,834 --> 00:21:43,267
OF THE SORROWS AROUND HIM, AND
558
00:21:43,336 --> 00:21:45,102
THAT'S A FEELING THAT PERSISTED
559
00:21:45,171 --> 00:21:47,905
INTO OLD AGE, BUT HE ALSO HAD
560
00:21:47,973 --> 00:21:51,775
RECOURSE TO A WAY OF REPAIRING
561
00:21:51,777 --> 00:21:53,844
THIS SORROW, AND THAT WAS
562
00:21:54,013 --> 00:21:55,879
THROUGH HUMOR.
563
00:21:55,948 --> 00:21:57,848
HE ONCE WROTE THAT THE SOURCE OF
564
00:21:57,917 --> 00:21:59,783
ALL HUMOR IS NOT LAUGHTER,
565
00:21:59,852 --> 00:22:01,285
BUT SORROW.
566
00:22:01,354 --> 00:22:03,654
HE SAID, "THERE IS NO LAUGHTER
567
00:22:03,723 --> 00:22:05,855
IN HEAVEN."
568
00:22:10,696 --> 00:22:13,130
Narrator: IN THE SPRING OF 1859,
569
00:22:13,199 --> 00:22:15,332
A YEAR AFTER HENRY'S DEATH,
570
00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:16,800
SAMUEL CLEMENS RECEIVED HIS
571
00:22:16,869 --> 00:22:18,602
OFFICIAL RIVERBOAT PILOT'S
572
00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:20,371
CERTIFICATE.
573
00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:22,739
HE SOON BEGAN EARNING $250
574
00:22:22,808 --> 00:22:24,742
A MONTH--AS MUCH, HE LIKED TO
575
00:22:24,744 --> 00:22:27,210
POINT OUT, AS THE VICE PRESIDENT
576
00:22:27,279 --> 00:22:29,547
OF THE UNITED STATES.
577
00:22:29,615 --> 00:22:30,981
Man as Twain:
578
00:22:31,050 --> 00:22:33,517
"A PILOT IN THOSE DAYS WAS
579
00:22:33,586 --> 00:22:36,253
THE ONLY UNFETTERED AND ENTIRELY
580
00:22:36,322 --> 00:22:38,222
INDEPENDENT HUMAN BEING THAT
581
00:22:38,290 --> 00:22:43,126
LIVED IN THE EARTH.
582
00:22:43,195 --> 00:22:45,428
HIS MOVEMENTS WERE FREE.
583
00:22:45,497 --> 00:22:47,497
HE CONSULTED NO ONE.
584
00:22:47,566 --> 00:22:49,500
HE RECEIVED COMMANDS
585
00:22:49,568 --> 00:22:53,337
FROM NOBODY.
586
00:22:53,406 --> 00:22:55,272
SO HERE WAS THE NOVELTY OF
587
00:22:55,341 --> 00:22:57,707
A KING WITHOUT A KEEPER,
588
00:22:57,776 --> 00:23:00,210
AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH WHO WAS
589
00:23:00,279 --> 00:23:03,214
ABSOLUTE IN SOBER TRUTH AND NOT
590
00:23:03,383 --> 00:23:06,851
BY A FICTION OF WORDS."
591
00:23:06,919 --> 00:23:07,884
Narrator:
592
00:23:07,953 --> 00:23:09,252
NEARLY 1,000 STEAMBOATS WERE
593
00:23:09,321 --> 00:23:10,354
CHURNING UP AND DOWN
594
00:23:10,423 --> 00:23:11,388
THE MISSISSIPPI AND ITS
595
00:23:11,456 --> 00:23:14,291
TRIBUTARIES, CARRYING MORE CARGO
596
00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:15,359
THAN ALL THE NATION'S
597
00:23:15,528 --> 00:23:19,162
OCEANGOING VESSELS COMBINED.
598
00:23:19,231 --> 00:23:21,031
SAM SERVED ON AT LEAST 19 OF
599
00:23:21,100 --> 00:23:23,967
THEM, INCLUDING THE WHITE CLOUD
600
00:23:24,036 --> 00:23:25,603
AND THE CRESCENT CITY,
601
00:23:25,671 --> 00:23:28,138
THE ARAGO, THE ALECK SCOTT,
602
00:23:28,207 --> 00:23:30,140
THE CITY OF MEMPHIS,
603
00:23:30,309 --> 00:23:32,242
AND THE JOHN J. ROE.
604
00:23:32,311 --> 00:23:33,877
Man as Twain:
605
00:23:33,946 --> 00:23:35,712
"FOR A LONG TIME, I WAS ON
606
00:23:35,781 --> 00:23:39,015
A BOAT THAT WAS SO SLOW WE USED
607
00:23:39,084 --> 00:23:40,451
TO FORGET WHAT YEAR IT WAS WE
608
00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:43,654
LEFT PORT IN.
609
00:23:43,656 --> 00:23:45,890
FERRYBOATS USED TO LOSE VALUABLE
610
00:23:45,958 --> 00:23:47,958
TRIPS BECAUSE THEIR PASSENGERS
611
00:23:48,027 --> 00:23:50,393
GREW OLD AND DIED WAITING FOR US
612
00:23:50,462 --> 00:23:52,930
TO GET BY.
613
00:23:52,998 --> 00:23:55,533
THIS BOAT, THE JOHN J. ROE,
614
00:23:55,601 --> 00:23:58,936
WAS DISMALLY SLOW.
615
00:23:59,005 --> 00:24:01,004
STILL, WE OFTEN HAD PRETTY
616
00:24:01,073 --> 00:24:03,974
EXCITING TIMES RACING WITH
617
00:24:04,143 --> 00:24:07,778
ISLANDS AND SUCH THINGS."
618
00:24:10,849 --> 00:24:12,415
Narrator: HIS TIME ON THE RIVER
619
00:24:12,484 --> 00:24:13,717
WAS HIS SCHOOLING,
620
00:24:13,786 --> 00:24:15,085
SAM SAID LATER,
621
00:24:15,154 --> 00:24:16,820
IN WHICH "I GOT PERSONALLY
622
00:24:16,889 --> 00:24:18,522
ACQUAINTED WITH ABOUT ALL
623
00:24:18,590 --> 00:24:19,756
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HUMAN
624
00:24:19,825 --> 00:24:21,559
NATURE THAT ARE TO BE FOUND IN
625
00:24:21,627 --> 00:24:26,964
FICTION, BIOGRAPHY, OR HISTORY."
626
00:24:27,033 --> 00:24:29,399
EVERYWHERE HE WENT, HE STORED UP
627
00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:32,503
MEMORIES OF PLACES, SCENES,
628
00:24:32,572 --> 00:24:35,639
AND PEOPLE.
629
00:24:35,708 --> 00:24:38,541
[WORKMEN TALKING]
630
00:24:38,610 --> 00:24:40,744
Ron Powers, writer:
631
00:24:40,812 --> 00:24:44,948
HE WAS AN ENORMOUS NOTICER.
632
00:24:45,017 --> 00:24:49,753
HE WAS A PRODIGIOUS NOTICER.
633
00:24:49,821 --> 00:24:51,155
HE WAS ALWAYS NOTICING WHETHER
634
00:24:51,223 --> 00:24:52,289
PEOPLE HAD THEIR HANDS IN THEIR
635
00:24:52,358 --> 00:24:53,757
POCKETS OR NOT OR WHAT WAS IN
636
00:24:53,825 --> 00:24:57,961
THEIR POCKETS.
637
00:24:58,030 --> 00:24:59,863
HE WAS NOTICING MANNERS OF
638
00:24:59,932 --> 00:25:01,965
DRESS, THE WAY PEOPLE HELD
639
00:25:02,034 --> 00:25:03,834
THEMSELVES.
640
00:25:04,003 --> 00:25:05,969
HE WAS NOTICING AFFECTS AND
641
00:25:06,038 --> 00:25:09,473
PRETENSES, AND THIS SAME
642
00:25:09,542 --> 00:25:11,108
FASCINATION WITH NOTICING, WHICH
643
00:25:11,176 --> 00:25:12,809
I THINK CAME FROM THOSE EARLY
644
00:25:12,878 --> 00:25:14,912
CHILDHOOD NIGHTS ON THE FARM,
645
00:25:14,980 --> 00:25:16,480
NOTICING THE NUANCES OF
646
00:25:16,482 --> 00:25:17,881
THE SLAVE SONGS AND THE FOLK
647
00:25:17,950 --> 00:25:21,551
TALES--THAT SAME NOTICING
648
00:25:21,620 --> 00:25:24,121
TRANSFERRED ITSELF TO ABSORBING
649
00:25:24,189 --> 00:25:27,023
THE RIVER.
650
00:25:27,092 --> 00:25:29,560
Hamlin Hill, Twain scholar:
651
00:25:29,628 --> 00:25:31,094
THE MISSISSIPPI BECAME FOR
652
00:25:31,163 --> 00:25:33,697
MARK TWAIN HIS HARVARD AND HIS
653
00:25:33,766 --> 00:25:36,733
YALE, THE WAY THAT MELVILLE SAYS
654
00:25:36,802 --> 00:25:38,368
THE WHALING BOAT WAS HIS HARVARD
655
00:25:38,437 --> 00:25:39,970
AND HIS YALE.
656
00:25:40,038 --> 00:25:41,605
HE ANNOUNCED THAT EVERY
657
00:25:41,673 --> 00:25:43,374
CHARACTER HE HAD EVER WRITTEN,
658
00:25:43,376 --> 00:25:44,875
CREATED IN HIS LITERATURE,
659
00:25:44,944 --> 00:25:46,109
HE HAD MET ON
660
00:25:46,178 --> 00:25:48,612
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
661
00:25:48,614 --> 00:25:49,813
Narrator: SAM CLEMENS ASSUMED
662
00:25:49,982 --> 00:25:51,148
HE WOULD LIVE OUT HIS DAYS AS
663
00:25:51,216 --> 00:25:52,983
A PILOT AND "DIE AT THE WHEEL,"
664
00:25:53,051 --> 00:25:55,252
HE SAID, "WHEN MY MISSION
665
00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:58,254
WAS ENDED."
666
00:25:58,323 --> 00:26:00,523
[EXPLOSION]
667
00:26:00,592 --> 00:26:03,427
BUT ON APRIL 12, 1861,
668
00:26:03,496 --> 00:26:05,229
THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN
669
00:26:05,297 --> 00:26:06,830
AND ALL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC ON
670
00:26:06,899 --> 00:26:10,267
THE MISSISSIPPI STOPPED.
671
00:26:10,336 --> 00:26:12,603
THE CLEMENS FAMILY WAS DIVIDED.
672
00:26:12,671 --> 00:26:14,338
SAM'S MOTHER MADE NO SECRET OF
673
00:26:14,406 --> 00:26:16,306
HER HATRED OF YANKEES,
674
00:26:16,375 --> 00:26:18,609
BUT HIS BROTHER ORION HAD BECOME
675
00:26:18,678 --> 00:26:21,444
A REPUBLICAN AND HAD CAMPAIGNED
676
00:26:21,513 --> 00:26:23,847
FOR ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
677
00:26:23,916 --> 00:26:25,382
SAM JUST HOPED THAT THE WAR
678
00:26:25,551 --> 00:26:27,585
WOULD BE OVER SOON SO THAT HE
679
00:26:27,653 --> 00:26:31,088
COULD RETURN TO THE RIVER.
680
00:26:31,090 --> 00:26:32,756
WHEN SEVERAL CHILDHOOD FRIENDS
681
00:26:32,825 --> 00:26:33,857
HELPED FORM A CONFEDERATE
682
00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:35,592
MILITIA COMPANY CALLED
683
00:26:35,660 --> 00:26:37,260
THE MARION RANGERS,
684
00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:39,262
SAM SIGNED ON, TOO, SIMPLY
685
00:26:39,431 --> 00:26:42,032
FOR SOMETHING TO DO,
686
00:26:42,101 --> 00:26:43,567
BUT AFTER TWO WEEKS SPENT HIDING
687
00:26:43,736 --> 00:26:45,769
IN THE WOODS FROM EVEN THE RUMOR
688
00:26:45,838 --> 00:26:48,205
OF APPROACHING UNION TROOPS,
689
00:26:48,274 --> 00:26:52,575
THE MARION RANGERS DISBANDED.
690
00:26:52,644 --> 00:26:54,511
MOST OF SAM'S FRIENDS ENLISTED
691
00:26:54,513 --> 00:26:56,613
IN THE REGULAR CONFEDERATE ARMY.
692
00:26:56,782 --> 00:26:59,049
SAM DID NOT.
693
00:26:59,118 --> 00:27:01,118
HE SKEDADDLED.
694
00:27:01,187 --> 00:27:03,120
Man as Twain:
695
00:27:03,189 --> 00:27:04,922
"WHEN I RETIRED FROM
696
00:27:04,924 --> 00:27:07,757
THE REBEL ARMY IN '61,
697
00:27:07,826 --> 00:27:10,494
I RETIRED IN GOOD ORDER.
698
00:27:10,663 --> 00:27:12,196
IT SEEMED TO ME THAT FOR A FIRST
699
00:27:12,365 --> 00:27:14,697
ATTEMPT AT A RETREAT, IT WAS NOT
700
00:27:14,766 --> 00:27:16,733
BADLY DONE.
701
00:27:16,802 --> 00:27:18,768
I HAD DONE NO ADVANCING IN ALL
702
00:27:18,837 --> 00:27:20,570
THAT CAMPAIGN THAT WAS AT ALL
703
00:27:20,639 --> 00:27:23,941
EQUAL TO IT."
704
00:27:24,010 --> 00:27:25,175
Narrator: MEANWHILE,
705
00:27:25,244 --> 00:27:26,309
PRESIDENT LINCOLN
706
00:27:26,378 --> 00:27:27,610
HAD REWARDED ORION FOR HIS
707
00:27:27,679 --> 00:27:29,279
SUPPORT BY APPOINTING HIM
708
00:27:29,347 --> 00:27:30,747
SECRETARY OF THE BRAND-NEW
709
00:27:30,816 --> 00:27:33,416
TERRITORY OF NEVADA.
710
00:27:33,485 --> 00:27:36,954
SAM, NOW 25 YEARS OLD, BEGGED
711
00:27:37,023 --> 00:27:39,623
HIS BROTHER TO TAKE HIM ALONG.
712
00:27:39,692 --> 00:27:41,892
OTHERS COULD GO TO WAR.
713
00:27:41,961 --> 00:27:46,229
SAM CLEMENS WAS GOING WEST.
714
00:27:48,133 --> 00:27:48,832
Man shouting: HYAH!
715
00:27:48,901 --> 00:27:50,534
[HORSE WHINNIES]
716
00:27:53,405 --> 00:27:55,238
HAH! HAH!
717
00:27:55,307 --> 00:27:56,473
[HORSES WHINNY]
718
00:27:56,642 --> 00:27:57,307
Man as Twain:
719
00:27:57,476 --> 00:27:59,375
"WE JUMPED INTO THE STAGE.
720
00:27:59,444 --> 00:28:01,110
THE DRIVER CRACKED HIS WHIP,
721
00:28:01,179 --> 00:28:03,380
AND WE BOWLED AWAY AND LEFT
722
00:28:03,549 --> 00:28:07,117
THE STATES BEHIND US.
723
00:28:07,185 --> 00:28:08,885
THERE WAS A FRESHNESS AND
724
00:28:08,954 --> 00:28:11,689
BREEZINESS AND AN EXHILARATING
725
00:28:11,757 --> 00:28:16,060
SENSE OF EMANCIPATION."
726
00:28:16,062 --> 00:28:19,163
Narrator: ON JULY 26, 1861,
727
00:28:19,231 --> 00:28:20,196
THE CLEMENS BROTHERS LEFT
728
00:28:20,265 --> 00:28:21,798
ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI, ON
729
00:28:21,867 --> 00:28:22,799
THE CENTRAL OVERLAND AND
730
00:28:22,868 --> 00:28:24,568
PIKE'S PEAK EXPRESS COMPANY
731
00:28:24,636 --> 00:28:26,637
STAGECOACH.
732
00:28:26,705 --> 00:28:28,338
SAM BROUGHT ALONG HIS PIPES,
733
00:28:28,407 --> 00:28:30,073
5 POUNDS OF TOBACCO, AND
734
00:28:30,142 --> 00:28:31,775
A PISTOL, HE SAID, THAT HAD ONLY
735
00:28:31,844 --> 00:28:33,510
ONE FAULT--
736
00:28:33,579 --> 00:28:34,377
"YOU COULD NOT HIT
737
00:28:34,446 --> 00:28:37,013
ANYTHING WITH IT."
738
00:28:37,082 --> 00:28:38,848
THEY CROSSED KANSAS, THEN
739
00:28:38,917 --> 00:28:40,717
NEBRASKA, STOPPING EVERY
740
00:28:40,886 --> 00:28:43,287
10 TO 15 MILES TO CHANGE HORSES
741
00:28:43,456 --> 00:28:46,356
AT STATION HOUSES MADE OF SOD.
742
00:28:46,425 --> 00:28:47,624
"IT WAS THE FIRST TIME," SAM
743
00:28:47,793 --> 00:28:49,826
NOTED, "WE HAD EVER SEEN A MAN'S
744
00:28:49,895 --> 00:28:54,565
FRONT YARD ON TOP OF HIS HOUSE."
745
00:28:54,734 --> 00:28:57,033
ON WARM DAYS, HE PERCHED ON TOP
746
00:28:57,102 --> 00:28:59,436
OF THE STAGECOACH, CLOTHED ONLY
747
00:28:59,505 --> 00:29:01,404
IN HIS UNDERWEAR, DRINKING IN
748
00:29:01,473 --> 00:29:04,440
THE FRESH AIR AND ADMIRING
749
00:29:04,509 --> 00:29:07,845
THE ENDLESS EMPTY SPACES.
750
00:29:07,913 --> 00:29:09,847
Man as Twain:
751
00:29:09,849 --> 00:29:11,781
"IT WAS A COMFORT TO SIT UP
752
00:29:11,850 --> 00:29:13,650
AND CONTEMPLATE THE MAJESTIC
753
00:29:13,803 --> 00:29:15,818
PANORAMA OF MOUNTAINS AND
754
00:29:15,887 --> 00:29:18,555
VALLEYS SPREAD OUT BELOW US AND
755
00:29:18,557 --> 00:29:20,858
EAT HAM AND HARD-BOILED EGGS
756
00:29:20,926 --> 00:29:22,659
WHILE OUR SPIRITUAL NATURES
757
00:29:22,728 --> 00:29:24,228
REVELED ALTERNATELY IN
758
00:29:24,296 --> 00:29:26,296
RAINBOWS, THUNDERSTORMS, AND
759
00:29:26,365 --> 00:29:29,566
PEERLESS SUNSETS.
760
00:29:29,635 --> 00:29:30,867
NOTHING HELPS SCENERY
761
00:29:30,936 --> 00:29:32,936
LIKE HAM AND EGGS--
762
00:29:33,005 --> 00:29:34,971
HAM AND EGGS AND AFTER THESE,
763
00:29:35,040 --> 00:29:37,574
A PIPE, AN OLD, RANK,
764
00:29:37,643 --> 00:29:40,176
DELICIOUS PIPE.
765
00:29:40,245 --> 00:29:42,579
HAM AND EGGS AND SCENERY,
766
00:29:42,648 --> 00:29:44,548
A DOWNGRADE, A FLYING COACH,
767
00:29:44,617 --> 00:29:45,949
A FRAGRANT PIPE,
768
00:29:46,018 --> 00:29:48,685
AND A CONTENTED HEART--
769
00:29:48,754 --> 00:29:51,421
THESE MAKE HAPPINESS.
770
00:29:51,490 --> 00:29:53,323
IT'S WHAT ALL THE AGES HAVE
771
00:29:53,392 --> 00:29:57,060
STRUGGLED FOR."
772
00:29:57,229 --> 00:29:58,995
[HORSE WHINNIES]
773
00:29:59,064 --> 00:30:00,063
Narrator: 3 WEEKS AFTER LEAVING
774
00:30:00,132 --> 00:30:01,865
MISSOURI, THEY PULLED INTO
775
00:30:01,934 --> 00:30:03,800
CARSON CITY, THE RAW NEW
776
00:30:03,868 --> 00:30:05,402
SETTLEMENT THAT WAS THE CAPITAL
777
00:30:05,404 --> 00:30:08,705
OF NEVADA TERRITORY.
778
00:30:08,774 --> 00:30:10,207
BUT AS ORION STARTED HIS JOB AS
779
00:30:10,275 --> 00:30:12,676
TERRITORIAL SECRETARY, SAM
780
00:30:12,845 --> 00:30:14,645
REALIZED THAT BEING SECRETARY TO
781
00:30:14,713 --> 00:30:16,647
THE SECRETARY CARRIED WITH IT
782
00:30:16,649 --> 00:30:21,017
NO DUTIES AND NO PAY.
783
00:30:21,086 --> 00:30:22,518
HE DECIDED TO TRY HIS HAND AT
784
00:30:22,587 --> 00:30:24,955
GOLD AND SILVER MINING ALONG
785
00:30:25,023 --> 00:30:26,723
WITH THE THOUSANDS OF OTHER MEN
786
00:30:26,792 --> 00:30:28,792
WHO HAD FLOODED INTO NEVADA ON
787
00:30:28,794 --> 00:30:32,128
THE PROMISE OF EASY RICHES.
788
00:30:32,197 --> 00:30:35,065
HE WAS A COMPLETE FAILURE.
789
00:30:35,134 --> 00:30:36,066
Man as Twain:
790
00:30:36,235 --> 00:30:38,969
"MY DEAR MOTHER, THE COUNTRY
791
00:30:39,038 --> 00:30:41,538
IS FABULOUSLY RICH IN GOLD,
792
00:30:41,606 --> 00:30:44,241
SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, COAL,
793
00:30:44,309 --> 00:30:46,275
IRON, QUICKSILVER, THIEVES,
794
00:30:46,344 --> 00:30:49,079
MURDERERS, DESPERADOES, LAWYERS,
795
00:30:49,248 --> 00:30:50,847
CHRISTIANS, INDIANS, CHINAMEN,
796
00:30:51,016 --> 00:30:52,849
SPANIARDS, GAMBLERS, SHARPERS,
797
00:30:52,918 --> 00:30:55,185
COYOTES, POETS, PREACHERS,
798
00:30:55,354 --> 00:31:00,123
AND JACKASS RABBITS."
799
00:31:00,192 --> 00:31:02,826
Narrator: IN SEPTEMBER 1862,
800
00:31:02,895 --> 00:31:04,294
HE GAVE UP MINING AND MOVED
801
00:31:04,363 --> 00:31:05,562
TO VIRGINIA CITY,
802
00:31:05,731 --> 00:31:07,297
A NEVADA BOOM TOWN BUILT ATOP
803
00:31:07,466 --> 00:31:09,533
THE COMSTOCK LODE, THE RICHEST
804
00:31:09,601 --> 00:31:11,267
BODY OF SILVER ORE EVER
805
00:31:11,336 --> 00:31:14,437
DISCOVERED IN AMERICA.
806
00:31:14,506 --> 00:31:16,573
VIRGINIA CITY WAS ALSO THE HOME
807
00:31:16,641 --> 00:31:18,875
OF THE TERRITORIAL ENTERPRISE,
808
00:31:18,944 --> 00:31:20,743
THE MOST-READ NEWSPAPER BETWEEN
809
00:31:20,812 --> 00:31:24,481
CHICAGO AND SAN FRANCISCO.
810
00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:26,683
ITS EDITOR OFFERED SAM A JOB
811
00:31:26,752 --> 00:31:28,285
COVERING LOCAL EVENTS
812
00:31:28,353 --> 00:31:31,254
AT $25 A WEEK.
813
00:31:31,323 --> 00:31:32,923
CLEMENS LOVED THE REPORTER'S
814
00:31:32,992 --> 00:31:34,090
LIFE.
815
00:31:34,159 --> 00:31:36,159
HE HAUNTED SALOONS, THEATERS,
816
00:31:36,228 --> 00:31:37,928
WHOREHOUSES.
817
00:31:37,996 --> 00:31:40,430
HE DRANK, SMOKED, PLAYED CARDS
818
00:31:40,498 --> 00:31:42,498
AND BILLIARDS WITH OTHER NEWSMEN
819
00:31:42,567 --> 00:31:44,400
LATE INTO THE NIGHT.
820
00:31:44,469 --> 00:31:45,636
Ron Powers, writer:
821
00:31:45,704 --> 00:31:47,870
GOING WEST BROUGHT HIM
822
00:31:47,939 --> 00:31:50,907
ACCIDENTALLY INTO THE COMPANY
823
00:31:50,976 --> 00:31:53,810
OF A GREAT PROTO-PSYCHEDELIC,
824
00:31:53,879 --> 00:31:56,513
COUNTERCULTURE NEWSPAPER SOCIETY
825
00:31:56,582 --> 00:31:59,883
OUT WEST IN NEVADA--
826
00:31:59,952 --> 00:32:02,519
A BUNCH OF TALENTED WILD MEN
827
00:32:02,521 --> 00:32:04,353
IMPROVISING A WHOLE NEW
828
00:32:04,422 --> 00:32:06,722
NEWSPAPER ART FORM WITH
829
00:32:06,791 --> 00:32:09,393
TALL TALES AND LIES AND HOAXES
830
00:32:09,461 --> 00:32:12,295
AND GREAT WRITING.
831
00:32:12,364 --> 00:32:13,397
Narrator: WITH HIS NEW CAREER
832
00:32:13,465 --> 00:32:15,598
UNDER WAY, SAM CLEMENS DECIDED
833
00:32:15,667 --> 00:32:17,466
TO TAKE ON A NEW NAME--
834
00:32:17,535 --> 00:32:18,935
ONE THAT WOULD STICK
835
00:32:19,004 --> 00:32:20,837
WITH HIM THE REST OF HIS LIFE
836
00:32:20,906 --> 00:32:23,206
AND EVENTUALLY BECOME THE MOST
837
00:32:23,275 --> 00:32:24,941
CELEBRATED IN ALL OF AMERICAN
838
00:32:25,010 --> 00:32:28,478
LITERATURE.
839
00:32:28,546 --> 00:32:32,648
ON FEBRUARY 3, 1863, AT THE END
840
00:32:32,717 --> 00:32:33,650
OF A DISPATCH WRITTEN
841
00:32:33,719 --> 00:32:34,817
FROM CARSON CITY
842
00:32:34,886 --> 00:32:37,454
TO THE TERRITORIAL ENTERPRISE,
843
00:32:37,523 --> 00:32:40,590
HE SIGNED HIMSELF "MARK TWAIN."
844
00:32:40,659 --> 00:32:42,325
Ron Powers, writer:
845
00:32:42,394 --> 00:32:43,893
THERE'S A LOT OF AMBIGUITY
846
00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:45,495
IN THAT.
847
00:32:45,563 --> 00:32:47,463
TWO FATHOMS--MARK TWAIN--
848
00:32:47,532 --> 00:32:48,832
IS THE POINT AT WHICH DANGEROUS
849
00:32:49,001 --> 00:32:51,034
WATER BECOMES SAFE WATER,
850
00:32:51,103 --> 00:32:52,536
OR THE POINT AT WHICH SAFE WATER
851
00:32:52,604 --> 00:32:54,437
BECOMES DANGEROUS WATER,
852
00:32:54,506 --> 00:32:55,572
AND I THINK MARK TWAIN
853
00:32:55,640 --> 00:32:57,307
WAS ALWAYS ON THAT MARGIN.
854
00:32:57,375 --> 00:32:58,075
THAT'S WHERE HE LIVED--
855
00:32:58,143 --> 00:32:58,875
ON THE EDGE--
856
00:32:58,877 --> 00:32:59,743
BETWEEN THE LIGHTNESS
857
00:32:59,812 --> 00:33:00,910
AND THE DARK, BETWEEN SAFETY
858
00:33:00,979 --> 00:33:02,545
AND DANGER, BUT ALWAYS ON
859
00:33:02,614 --> 00:33:06,182
THE FLOW OF THE RIVER.
860
00:33:06,351 --> 00:33:09,418
Narrator: IN THE SPRING OF 1864,
861
00:33:09,487 --> 00:33:10,787
SAM CLEMENS THOUGHT IT BEST
862
00:33:10,856 --> 00:33:13,356
TO LEAVE VIRGINIA CITY.
863
00:33:13,424 --> 00:33:14,724
AFTER BEING CHALLENGED TO A DUEL
864
00:33:14,793 --> 00:33:16,459
HE WAS SURE HE'D LOSE, HE MOVED
865
00:33:16,528 --> 00:33:18,462
ON TO WHAT HE CALLED "THE MOST
866
00:33:18,530 --> 00:33:19,896
CORDIAL AND SOCIABLE CITY
867
00:33:19,965 --> 00:33:22,965
IN THE UNION"--SAN FRANCISCO.
868
00:33:23,034 --> 00:33:24,301
Man as Twain:
869
00:33:24,370 --> 00:33:25,836
"AFTER THE SAGEBRUSH
870
00:33:25,904 --> 00:33:28,005
AND ALKALI DESERTS OF NEVADA,
871
00:33:28,073 --> 00:33:30,740
SAN FRANCISCO WAS PARADISE
872
00:33:30,809 --> 00:33:31,974
TO ME.
873
00:33:32,043 --> 00:33:34,611
I LIVED AT THE BEST HOTEL,
874
00:33:34,679 --> 00:33:37,147
EXHIBITED MY CLOTHES IN THE MOST
875
00:33:37,216 --> 00:33:38,915
CONSPICUOUS PLACES,
876
00:33:38,984 --> 00:33:41,417
INFESTED THE OPERA.
877
00:33:41,486 --> 00:33:44,588
I ATTENDED PRIVATE PARTIES
878
00:33:44,656 --> 00:33:46,489
IN SUMPTUOUS EVENING DRESS,
879
00:33:46,558 --> 00:33:48,524
SIMPERED AND AIRED MY GRACES
880
00:33:48,593 --> 00:33:51,461
LIKE A BORN BEAU AND POLKAED
881
00:33:51,530 --> 00:33:54,131
WITH A STEP PECULIAR TO MYSELF
882
00:33:54,199 --> 00:33:56,332
AND THE KANGAROO."
883
00:33:56,401 --> 00:33:58,434
MARK TWAIN.
884
00:33:58,503 --> 00:33:59,769
Narrator: HE WENT TO WORK
885
00:33:59,837 --> 00:34:01,204
FOR THE MORNING CALL
886
00:34:01,273 --> 00:34:02,572
AT $40 A WEEK
887
00:34:02,741 --> 00:34:03,839
AND WROTE OCCASIONAL PIECES
888
00:34:03,908 --> 00:34:05,408
FOR A LITERARY JOURNAL,
889
00:34:05,476 --> 00:34:07,477
THE GOLDEN ERA.
890
00:34:07,545 --> 00:34:08,511
HE WAS SOON CAROUSING WITH
891
00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:10,080
SAN FRANCISCO'S LEADING WRITERS
892
00:34:10,148 --> 00:34:11,647
AND INTELLECTUALS--
893
00:34:11,716 --> 00:34:14,351
AMBROSE BIERCE, JOAQUIN MILLER,
894
00:34:14,353 --> 00:34:18,021
AND BRET HARTE.
895
00:34:18,090 --> 00:34:19,289
BUT HE BEGAN HAVING TROUBLE
896
00:34:19,357 --> 00:34:21,124
WITH HIS EDITOR.
897
00:34:21,192 --> 00:34:22,192
WHEN TWAIN WROTE AN ARTICLE
898
00:34:22,194 --> 00:34:23,326
DENOUNCING WHITE VIOLENCE
899
00:34:23,395 --> 00:34:24,928
TOWARDS CHINESE IMMIGRANTS,
900
00:34:24,996 --> 00:34:27,930
THE PAPER WOULDN'T RUN IT.
901
00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:29,032
HE ATTACKED BRUTALITY
902
00:34:29,101 --> 00:34:29,799
AND CORRUPTION
903
00:34:29,867 --> 00:34:30,633
IN THE SAN FRANCISCO POLICE
904
00:34:30,702 --> 00:34:32,368
DEPARTMENT, AND WHEN THAT STORY
905
00:34:32,437 --> 00:34:34,037
WAS ALSO KILLED, HE SENT IT
906
00:34:34,105 --> 00:34:35,538
TO HIS OLD NEWSPAPER,
907
00:34:35,707 --> 00:34:37,640
THE TERRITORIAL ENTERPRISE,
908
00:34:37,709 --> 00:34:38,874
WHERE ITS PUBLICATION RESULTED
909
00:34:38,943 --> 00:34:41,344
IN A LIBEL SUIT.
910
00:34:41,413 --> 00:34:43,012
ONCE, HE WAS JAILED FOR
911
00:34:43,014 --> 00:34:45,916
PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS.
912
00:34:46,085 --> 00:34:48,685
IN OCTOBER OF 1864, HIS EDITOR
913
00:34:48,753 --> 00:34:53,723
QUIETLY LET HIM GO.
914
00:34:53,892 --> 00:34:54,824
Man as Twain: "FOR TWO MONTHS,
915
00:34:54,893 --> 00:34:57,227
MY SOLE OCCUPATION WAS AVOIDING
916
00:34:57,395 --> 00:34:59,329
ACQUAINTANCES, FOR DURING THAT
917
00:34:59,398 --> 00:35:01,798
TIME, I DID NOT EARN A PENNY
918
00:35:01,866 --> 00:35:04,167
OR BUY AN ARTICLE OF ANY KIND
919
00:35:04,336 --> 00:35:06,469
OR PAY MY BOARD.
920
00:35:06,537 --> 00:35:08,271
I BECAME VERY ADEPT
921
00:35:08,340 --> 00:35:11,841
AT SLINKING.
922
00:35:11,910 --> 00:35:13,610
I SLUNK FROM BACK STREET
923
00:35:13,679 --> 00:35:15,412
TO BACK STREET.
924
00:35:15,581 --> 00:35:17,147
I SLUNK AWAY FROM APPROACHING
925
00:35:17,316 --> 00:35:20,249
FACES THAT LOOKED FAMILIAR.
926
00:35:20,318 --> 00:35:21,518
AND AT MIDNIGHT,
927
00:35:21,686 --> 00:35:23,386
AFTER WANDERINGS THAT WERE BUT
928
00:35:23,454 --> 00:35:25,521
SLINKINGS AWAY FROM CHEERFULNESS
929
00:35:25,590 --> 00:35:30,694
AND LIGHT, I SLUNK TO MY BED.
930
00:35:30,696 --> 00:35:32,628
I FELT MEANER AND LOWLIER
931
00:35:32,697 --> 00:35:33,830
AND MORE DESPICABLE
932
00:35:33,899 --> 00:35:36,699
THAN THE WORMS.
933
00:35:36,768 --> 00:35:38,501
DURING ALL THIS TIME, I HAD
934
00:35:38,570 --> 00:35:40,737
BUT ONE PIECE OF MONEY--
935
00:35:40,805 --> 00:35:43,806
A SILVER 10-CENT PIECE--
936
00:35:43,875 --> 00:35:45,942
AND I HELD TO IT AND WOULD NOT
937
00:35:46,010 --> 00:35:48,211
SPEND IT ON ANY ACCOUNT,
938
00:35:48,279 --> 00:35:49,946
LEST THE CONSCIOUSNESS COMING
939
00:35:50,014 --> 00:35:52,148
STRONG UPON ME THAT I WAS
940
00:35:52,217 --> 00:35:54,384
ENTIRELY PENNILESS
941
00:35:54,453 --> 00:35:57,520
MIGHT SUGGEST SUICIDE."
942
00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:02,792
Narrator: NOTHING SEEMED TO
943
00:36:02,794 --> 00:36:04,528
WORK OUT FOR HIM.
944
00:36:04,530 --> 00:36:06,129
ONE DAY, HE PUT A REVOLVER
945
00:36:06,198 --> 00:36:07,330
TO HIS HEAD AND ALMOST PULLED
946
00:36:07,399 --> 00:36:09,098
THE TRIGGER.
947
00:36:09,167 --> 00:36:10,499
"MANY TIMES, I HAVE BEEN SORRY
948
00:36:10,568 --> 00:36:11,534
I DID NOT SUCCEED," HE WROTE
949
00:36:11,602 --> 00:36:13,869
YEARS LATER, "BUT I WAS NEVER
950
00:36:13,938 --> 00:36:16,973
ASHAMED OF HAVING TRIED."
951
00:36:21,145 --> 00:36:22,778
THEN A FRIEND INVITED CLEMENS
952
00:36:22,847 --> 00:36:24,247
TO COME AND TRY PROSPECTING
953
00:36:24,316 --> 00:36:27,183
AGAIN IN THE SIERRA FOOTHILLS.
954
00:36:27,252 --> 00:36:28,951
HE DID A LITTLE MINING
955
00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:29,986
BUT SPENT MOST OF THE NEXT
956
00:36:30,055 --> 00:36:32,388
3 MONTHS HUDDLED INSIDE AGAINST
957
00:36:32,457 --> 00:36:35,991
THE WINTER RAINS.
958
00:36:36,060 --> 00:36:37,293
SITTING NEAR THE STOVE
959
00:36:37,362 --> 00:36:39,362
AT A PLACE CALLED ANGEL'S CAMP
960
00:36:39,431 --> 00:36:41,697
IN CALAVERAS COUNTY, HE LISTENED
961
00:36:41,766 --> 00:36:43,500
INTENTLY AS A MAN NAMED
962
00:36:43,569 --> 00:36:46,169
BEN COON TOLD AN OLD STORY ABOUT
963
00:36:46,238 --> 00:36:47,904
A GAMBLER WHO WOULD BET ON
964
00:36:47,906 --> 00:36:53,376
ANYTHING, EVEN HIS JUMPING FROG.
965
00:36:53,445 --> 00:36:55,178
TWAIN RECAST THE SIMPLE STORY
966
00:36:55,347 --> 00:36:56,479
INTO A MUCH MORE ELABORATE
967
00:36:56,548 --> 00:36:59,549
AND COMIC TALE AND, IN 1865,
968
00:36:59,718 --> 00:37:01,418
SENT IT EAST TO THE MOST POPULAR
969
00:37:01,486 --> 00:37:02,986
HUMORIST IN AMERICA,
970
00:37:03,155 --> 00:37:04,988
ARTEMUS WARD, TO SEE WHAT
971
00:37:05,056 --> 00:37:06,956
HE THOUGHT OF IT.
972
00:37:07,025 --> 00:37:08,624
WARD LIKED IT AND PASSED
973
00:37:08,693 --> 00:37:10,126
THE STORY ALONG TO A FRIEND,
974
00:37:10,195 --> 00:37:11,294
WHO PUBLISHED IT
975
00:37:11,363 --> 00:37:14,631
IN THE NEW YORK SATURDAY PRESS.
976
00:37:14,699 --> 00:37:16,566
UP AND DOWN THE EAST COAST,
977
00:37:16,568 --> 00:37:18,134
ALL ACROSS THE MIDWEST,
978
00:37:18,203 --> 00:37:20,103
OTHER NEWSPAPERS REPRINTED IT,
979
00:37:20,172 --> 00:37:21,771
AND HE GOT HIS VERY FIRST
980
00:37:21,840 --> 00:37:23,606
GOOD REVIEW.
981
00:37:23,675 --> 00:37:24,540
Man as reporter:
982
00:37:24,609 --> 00:37:25,508
"THE FOREMOST AMONG
983
00:37:25,577 --> 00:37:26,742
THE MERRY GENTLEMEN
984
00:37:26,811 --> 00:37:28,311
OF THE CALIFORNIA PRESS
985
00:37:28,379 --> 00:37:30,212
IS ONE WHO SIGNS HIMSELF
986
00:37:30,281 --> 00:37:32,215
MARK TWAIN.
987
00:37:32,283 --> 00:37:33,950
PERHAPS, IF HE WILL HUSBAND
988
00:37:34,018 --> 00:37:36,119
HIS RESOURCES AND NOT KILL WITH
989
00:37:36,187 --> 00:37:38,421
OVERWORK THE MENTAL GOOSE THAT
990
00:37:38,490 --> 00:37:40,823
HAS GIVEN US THESE GOLDEN EGGS,
991
00:37:40,892 --> 00:37:42,559
HE MAY ONE DAY RANK AMONG
992
00:37:42,561 --> 00:37:45,161
THE BRIGHTEST OF OUR WITS."
993
00:37:45,230 --> 00:37:49,632
THE NEW YORK ROUND TABLE.
994
00:37:49,701 --> 00:37:52,401
Narrator: IN EARLY 1866,
995
00:37:52,470 --> 00:37:53,803
MARK TWAIN LANDED
996
00:37:53,871 --> 00:37:55,604
A PLUM ASSIGNMENT--
997
00:37:55,673 --> 00:37:57,274
WRITING ABOUT HAWAII
998
00:37:57,342 --> 00:38:00,243
FOR THE SACRAMENTO UNION.
999
00:38:00,412 --> 00:38:01,611
IT WAS HIS FIRST GLIMPSE
1000
00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:03,913
OF THE WORLD BEYOND AMERICA,
1001
00:38:03,982 --> 00:38:05,414
AND HE LOVED IT.
1002
00:38:05,483 --> 00:38:07,416
"HAWAII," HE WROTE, "IS THE LAND
1003
00:38:07,485 --> 00:38:09,719
OF HAPPY CONTENTMENT--THE ONLY
1004
00:38:09,788 --> 00:38:11,153
SUPREMELY DELIGHTFUL PLACE
1005
00:38:11,222 --> 00:38:13,089
ON EARTH."
1006
00:38:13,157 --> 00:38:15,592
Man as Twain: "AT NOON,
1007
00:38:15,660 --> 00:38:17,293
I OBSERVED A BEVY
1008
00:38:17,295 --> 00:38:19,128
OF NUDE NATIVE YOUNG LADIES
1009
00:38:19,197 --> 00:38:21,631
BATHING IN THE SEA AND WENT
1010
00:38:21,633 --> 00:38:24,233
AND SAT DOWN ON THEIR CLOTHES
1011
00:38:24,302 --> 00:38:27,837
TO KEEP THEM FROM BEING STOLEN.
1012
00:38:27,905 --> 00:38:29,572
I BEGGED THEM TO COME OUT,
1013
00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:31,841
FOR THE SEA WAS RISING AND I WAS
1014
00:38:31,909 --> 00:38:33,810
SATISFIED THAT THEY WERE RUNNING
1015
00:38:33,878 --> 00:38:35,645
SOME RISK.
1016
00:38:35,713 --> 00:38:37,880
BUT THEY WERE NOT AFRAID
1017
00:38:37,949 --> 00:38:39,148
AND PRESENTLY WENT ON WITH
1018
00:38:39,217 --> 00:38:41,584
THEIR SPORT."
1019
00:38:41,653 --> 00:38:42,952
Narrator: TWAIN TOURED OAHU
1020
00:38:43,021 --> 00:38:44,453
BY HORSE, VISITED THE SUGAR
1021
00:38:44,522 --> 00:38:45,822
PLANTATIONS OF MAUI,
1022
00:38:45,891 --> 00:38:47,823
HIKED ACROSS THE VOLCANIC
1023
00:38:47,892 --> 00:38:50,025
CRATER OF MOUNT KILAUEA,
1024
00:38:50,094 --> 00:38:51,727
AND GENTLY LAMPOONED AMERICAN
1025
00:38:51,796 --> 00:38:53,663
MISSIONARIES' EFFORTS TO CONVERT
1026
00:38:53,731 --> 00:38:56,098
THE ISLANDERS.
1027
00:38:56,167 --> 00:38:57,800
"HOW SAD IT IS," HE WROTE,
1028
00:38:57,869 --> 00:38:59,134
"TO THINK OF THE MULTITUDES
1029
00:38:59,203 --> 00:39:00,603
WHO HAVE GONE TO THEIR GRAVES
1030
00:39:00,672 --> 00:39:02,372
ON THIS BEAUTIFUL ISLAND
1031
00:39:02,374 --> 00:39:03,372
AND NEVER KNEW THERE WAS
1032
00:39:03,441 --> 00:39:08,178
A HELL."
1033
00:39:08,246 --> 00:39:09,612
HIS REPORTS DELIGHTED READERS
1034
00:39:09,681 --> 00:39:11,381
ALL OVER CALIFORNIA, AND WHEN
1035
00:39:11,550 --> 00:39:13,416
HE GOT BACK TO SAN FRANCISCO,
1036
00:39:13,485 --> 00:39:14,517
A FRIEND SUGGESTED HE MAKE
1037
00:39:14,586 --> 00:39:16,218
THE MOST OF IT BY TURNING
1038
00:39:16,287 --> 00:39:19,955
HIS ARTICLES INTO LECTURES.
1039
00:39:20,024 --> 00:39:22,158
TWAIN WAS RELUCTANT AT FIRST.
1040
00:39:22,226 --> 00:39:23,526
THE PROSPECT OF FAILING BEFORE
1041
00:39:23,695 --> 00:39:26,028
A LIVE AUDIENCE TERRIFIED HIM,
1042
00:39:26,097 --> 00:39:28,164
BUT HE BORROWED $50 TO RENT
1043
00:39:28,233 --> 00:39:29,465
THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC
1044
00:39:29,534 --> 00:39:30,966
ON PINE STREET
1045
00:39:31,035 --> 00:39:33,436
AND ANOTHER $150 TO PRINT
1046
00:39:33,504 --> 00:39:35,705
ADVERTISEMENTS THAT WERE SOON
1047
00:39:35,874 --> 00:39:37,306
SHOWING UP ALL OVER
1048
00:39:37,375 --> 00:39:40,309
SAN FRANCISCO.
1049
00:39:40,378 --> 00:39:41,511
Man as Twain: "MARK TWAIN,
1050
00:39:41,580 --> 00:39:43,012
(HONOLULU CORRESPONDENT
1051
00:39:43,081 --> 00:39:44,914
OF THE SACRAMENTO UNION)
1052
00:39:44,916 --> 00:39:46,249
WILL DELIVER A LECTURE
1053
00:39:46,317 --> 00:39:48,418
ON THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.
1054
00:39:48,486 --> 00:39:51,620
A SPLENDID ORCHESTRA IS IN TOWN,
1055
00:39:51,689 --> 00:39:53,789
BUT HAS NOT BEEN ENGAGED.
1056
00:39:53,858 --> 00:39:56,659
ALSO, A DEN OF FEROCIOUS
1057
00:39:56,727 --> 00:39:58,794
WILD BEASTS WILL BE ON
1058
00:39:58,863 --> 00:40:01,731
EXHIBITION IN THE NEXT BLOCK.
1059
00:40:01,900 --> 00:40:04,633
MAGNIFICENT FIREWORKS WERE IN
1060
00:40:04,702 --> 00:40:06,569
CONTEMPLATION FOR THIS OCCASION,
1061
00:40:06,638 --> 00:40:09,539
BUT THE IDEA HAS BEEN ABANDONED.
1062
00:40:09,707 --> 00:40:12,508
A GRAND TORCHLIGHT PROCESSION
1063
00:40:12,577 --> 00:40:14,911
MAY BE EXPECTED; IN FACT,
1064
00:40:14,980 --> 00:40:15,978
THE PUBLIC ARE PRIVILEGED
1065
00:40:16,047 --> 00:40:19,014
TO EXPECT WHATEVER THEY PLEASE.
1066
00:40:19,083 --> 00:40:21,317
DOORS OPEN AT 7 O'CLOCK.
1067
00:40:21,319 --> 00:40:22,918
THE TROUBLE TO BEGIN
1068
00:40:22,987 --> 00:40:26,256
AT 8 O'CLOCK."
1069
00:40:26,324 --> 00:40:27,289
Narrator: TWAIN GOT TO THE EMPTY
1070
00:40:27,358 --> 00:40:29,826
THEATER EARLY.
1071
00:40:29,894 --> 00:40:31,160
HE WAS SO NERVOUS, HE SAT
1072
00:40:31,229 --> 00:40:32,461
BACKSTAGE IN THE DARK
1073
00:40:32,530 --> 00:40:34,096
FOR AN HOUR AND A HALF,
1074
00:40:34,165 --> 00:40:35,698
CONTEMPLATING HIS IMPENDING
1075
00:40:35,766 --> 00:40:37,567
FAILURE.
1076
00:40:37,636 --> 00:40:38,668
Man as Twain: "BEFORE I WELL
1077
00:40:38,737 --> 00:40:41,771
KNEW WHAT I WAS ABOUT, I WAS IN
1078
00:40:41,839 --> 00:40:43,506
THE MIDDLE OF THE STAGE,
1079
00:40:43,574 --> 00:40:45,507
BEWILDERED BY THE FIERCE GLARE
1080
00:40:45,576 --> 00:40:47,576
OF THE LIGHTS AND QUAKING IN
1081
00:40:47,645 --> 00:40:49,278
EVERY LIMB WITH A TERROR
1082
00:40:49,347 --> 00:40:51,180
THAT SEEMED LIKE TO TAKE MY LIFE
1083
00:40:51,349 --> 00:40:52,515
AWAY.
1084
00:40:52,584 --> 00:40:54,250
THE HOUSE WAS FULL--
1085
00:40:54,318 --> 00:40:56,752
AISLES AND ALL!
1086
00:40:56,821 --> 00:40:58,721
THE TUMULT IN MY HEART AND BRAIN
1087
00:40:58,790 --> 00:41:01,123
AND LEGS CONTINUED A FULL MINUTE
1088
00:41:01,192 --> 00:41:02,792
BEFORE I COULD GAIN ANY COMMAND
1089
00:41:02,860 --> 00:41:04,961
OVER MYSELF.
1090
00:41:05,030 --> 00:41:07,363
THEN, LITTLE BY LITTLE,
1091
00:41:07,431 --> 00:41:10,466
MY FRIGHT MELTED AWAY,
1092
00:41:10,535 --> 00:41:13,602
AND I BEGAN TO TALK."
1093
00:41:13,671 --> 00:41:15,371
Narrator: HE SPOKE FOR A LITTLE
1094
00:41:15,440 --> 00:41:17,139
OVER AN HOUR TO A CROWD THAT
1095
00:41:17,208 --> 00:41:19,341
WAS MESMERIZED BY HIS POWERS
1096
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:21,477
OF DESCRIPTION AND CONVULSED
1097
00:41:21,546 --> 00:41:23,546
BY HIS DEADPAN HUMOR.
1098
00:41:23,615 --> 00:41:24,647
Man as Twain: "HOW SAD IT IS
1099
00:41:24,716 --> 00:41:26,248
TO THINK OF THE MULTITUDES
1100
00:41:26,317 --> 00:41:27,750
WHO HAVE GONE TO THEIR GRAVES
1101
00:41:27,818 --> 00:41:29,819
IN THIS BEAUTIFUL ISLAND AND
1102
00:41:29,887 --> 00:41:32,421
NEVER KNEW THERE WAS A HELL."
1103
00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:33,555
[LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE]
1104
00:41:33,624 --> 00:41:35,157
Narrator: THE EVENING
1105
00:41:35,226 --> 00:41:36,125
WAS A TRIUMPH,
1106
00:41:36,194 --> 00:41:39,028
EARNING TWAIN $400,
1107
00:41:39,096 --> 00:41:39,929
MORE THAN HE HAD EARNED
1108
00:41:39,998 --> 00:41:42,665
IN A MONTH AS A RIVERBOAT PILOT.
1109
00:41:42,734 --> 00:41:43,699
SOON HE WAS REPEATING
1110
00:41:43,768 --> 00:41:44,934
HIS PERFORMANCE ALL ACROSS
1111
00:41:45,103 --> 00:41:46,535
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
1112
00:41:46,604 --> 00:41:49,639
AND WESTERN NEVADA.
1113
00:41:49,707 --> 00:41:50,639
Ron Powers, writer:
1114
00:41:50,708 --> 00:41:52,608
HE WAS AN UNINTENTIONAL
1115
00:41:52,677 --> 00:41:54,677
GENIUS OF THE STAGE.
1116
00:41:54,746 --> 00:41:56,779
HE HAD THIS SHAMBLING GAIT,
1117
00:41:56,781 --> 00:41:58,380
AND HE HAD THIS BEWILDERING
1118
00:41:58,449 --> 00:41:59,349
DRAWL.
1119
00:41:59,351 --> 00:42:00,082
HIS MOTHER CALLED IT
1120
00:42:00,151 --> 00:42:03,652
"SAMMY'S LONG TALK."
1121
00:42:03,721 --> 00:42:05,287
SOME PEOPLE THOUGHT HE WAS DRUNK
1122
00:42:05,356 --> 00:42:06,889
WHEN HE WANDERED OUT ONSTAGE
1123
00:42:06,957 --> 00:42:08,191
AND KIND OF MUMBLED ABOUT
1124
00:42:08,259 --> 00:42:09,792
LIKE THIS.
1125
00:42:09,794 --> 00:42:11,427
BUT AS THE ACT WENT ON--
1126
00:42:11,496 --> 00:42:12,528
AS THE LECTURE WENT ON--
1127
00:42:12,596 --> 00:42:13,730
THEY BEGAN TO SEE THAT
1128
00:42:13,798 --> 00:42:16,866
THE PAUSES WERE THE GREAT
1129
00:42:16,934 --> 00:42:17,901
FORMULATIONS.
1130
00:42:18,069 --> 00:42:19,535
THE PAUSES WERE THE GREAT
1131
00:42:19,604 --> 00:42:21,070
PRELUDES TO THE CASCADE
1132
00:42:21,072 --> 00:42:23,639
OF HUMOR, SO THE SILENCE ONSTAGE
1133
00:42:23,708 --> 00:42:25,008
LED TO SOMETHING ELSE,
1134
00:42:25,076 --> 00:42:26,309
AND AS HE STARTED TO UNDERSTAND
1135
00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:28,010
THAT HIMSELF, HE DEVELOPED IT
1136
00:42:28,079 --> 00:42:29,645
INTO A GREAT ART FORM.
1137
00:42:29,714 --> 00:42:31,714
HE UNDERSTOOD THE PAUSE.
1138
00:42:31,783 --> 00:42:33,115
AND ONE NIGHT, HE DECIDED TO
1139
00:42:33,184 --> 00:42:34,918
TAKE IT AS FAR AS IT WOULD GO.
1140
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:36,386
HE WALKED OUT ONSTAGE
1141
00:42:36,454 --> 00:42:38,921
AND LOOKED AT THE AUDIENCE...
1142
00:42:38,990 --> 00:42:41,524
AND LOOKED AT THE AUDIENCE...
1143
00:42:41,593 --> 00:42:44,426
AND LOOKED AT THE AUDIENCE.
1144
00:42:44,495 --> 00:42:45,595
AND THE SILENCE WENT ON,
1145
00:42:45,664 --> 00:42:48,531
THE TENSION BUILT, UNTIL SOMEONE
1146
00:42:48,599 --> 00:42:51,400
IN THE CROWD SNICKERED.
1147
00:42:51,469 --> 00:42:52,635
AND WHEN THAT HAPPENED,
1148
00:42:52,804 --> 00:42:54,704
THE CASCADES OF LAUGHTER CAME,
1149
00:42:54,772 --> 00:42:56,272
AND HE KNEW THAT THE AUDIENCE
1150
00:42:56,341 --> 00:42:57,740
WAS HIS.
1151
00:42:57,809 --> 00:43:00,643
[APPLAUSE]
1152
00:43:09,688 --> 00:43:12,521
Narrator: ON JUNE 8, 1867,
1153
00:43:12,590 --> 00:43:14,023
THE STEAMSHIP QUAKER CITY
1154
00:43:14,091 --> 00:43:16,225
SET SAIL FROM NEW YORK.
1155
00:43:16,294 --> 00:43:17,260
IT REPRESENTED SOMETHING
1156
00:43:17,329 --> 00:43:19,795
ENTIRELY NEW--THE VERY FIRST
1157
00:43:19,864 --> 00:43:22,265
FULL-SCALE PLEASURE CRUISE--
1158
00:43:22,333 --> 00:43:23,432
A 5-MONTH VOYAGE
1159
00:43:23,601 --> 00:43:25,301
TO THE HOLY LAND AND THE MAJOR
1160
00:43:25,369 --> 00:43:28,537
PORTS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN.
1161
00:43:28,606 --> 00:43:30,940
MOST OF THE 70 PASSENGERS ABOARD
1162
00:43:31,008 --> 00:43:31,741
WERE MIDDLE-CLASS
1163
00:43:31,743 --> 00:43:33,175
MIDWESTERNERS--
1164
00:43:33,244 --> 00:43:35,244
PROSPEROUS, PROTESTANT,
1165
00:43:35,313 --> 00:43:37,280
AND SO PIOUS THAT ONE ASKED
1166
00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:38,547
THE CAPTAIN IF THE SHIP COULD
1167
00:43:38,616 --> 00:43:41,083
HALT ITS PROGRESS IN MID-OCEAN
1168
00:43:41,152 --> 00:43:43,853
IN HONOR OF THE SABBATH.
1169
00:43:43,921 --> 00:43:45,420
ONE PASSENGER, HOWEVER,
1170
00:43:45,489 --> 00:43:48,291
SEEMED UNLIKE THE REST.
1171
00:43:48,359 --> 00:43:51,093
MARK TWAIN'S $1,250 PASSAGE
1172
00:43:51,162 --> 00:43:52,428
HAD BEEN PAID BY
1173
00:43:52,497 --> 00:43:53,729
THE ALTA CALIFORNIA
1174
00:43:53,798 --> 00:43:55,297
AND TWO NEW YORK PAPERS
1175
00:43:55,366 --> 00:43:57,433
THAT HAD PROMISED $20 A LETTER
1176
00:43:57,502 --> 00:43:58,433
FOR REGULAR REPORTS ON
1177
00:43:58,502 --> 00:44:01,103
THE HOLY LAND TOUR.
1178
00:44:01,172 --> 00:44:02,304
TWAIN WAS EAGER TO SEE
1179
00:44:02,373 --> 00:44:04,707
THE OLD WORLD BUT BEMUSED
1180
00:44:04,709 --> 00:44:06,675
BY HIS FELLOW PASSENGERS.
1181
00:44:06,744 --> 00:44:07,676
Man as Twain:
1182
00:44:07,845 --> 00:44:08,511
"THERE WAS A LITTLE
1183
00:44:08,680 --> 00:44:09,745
DIFFERENCE OF OPINION
1184
00:44:09,813 --> 00:44:11,647
BETWEEN US, NOTHING MORE.
1185
00:44:11,649 --> 00:44:13,349
THEY THOUGHT THEY COULD'VE
1186
00:44:13,418 --> 00:44:16,018
SAVED SODOM AND GOMORRAH,
1187
00:44:16,087 --> 00:44:17,720
AND I THOUGHT IT WOULD'VE BEEN
1188
00:44:17,789 --> 00:44:21,390
UNWISE TO RISK MONEY UPON IT."
1189
00:44:21,459 --> 00:44:22,992
Narrator: HE DID HIS BEST
1190
00:44:23,060 --> 00:44:24,860
TO FIT IN, JOINING NIGHTLY
1191
00:44:24,929 --> 00:44:26,429
READINGS FROM GUIDEBOOKS,
1192
00:44:26,431 --> 00:44:28,197
PLAYING SHUFFLEBOARD ON DECK,
1193
00:44:28,265 --> 00:44:30,065
TAKING PART IN DEBATES
1194
00:44:30,134 --> 00:44:31,434
FOR WHICH HE SUGGESTED
1195
00:44:31,502 --> 00:44:32,568
TOPICS OF HIS OWN,
1196
00:44:32,637 --> 00:44:34,970
SUCH AS, "IS A TAIL ABSOLUTELY
1197
00:44:35,039 --> 00:44:36,205
NECESSARY TO THE COMFORT
1198
00:44:36,274 --> 00:44:39,575
AND CONVENIENCE OF A DOG?"
1199
00:44:39,643 --> 00:44:40,610
HE EVEN ATTENDED REGULAR
1200
00:44:40,779 --> 00:44:42,345
PRAYER SERVICES, ADDING HIS
1201
00:44:42,514 --> 00:44:45,514
VOICE TO THE CHOIR.
1202
00:44:45,583 --> 00:44:46,849
BUT HE STILL PREFERRED LATE
1203
00:44:46,917 --> 00:44:49,452
EVENINGS IN HIS CABIN--DRINKING,
1204
00:44:49,520 --> 00:44:51,721
SMOKING, SWEARING, AND PLAYING
1205
00:44:51,789 --> 00:44:53,122
CARDS WITH A HANDFUL OF OTHER
1206
00:44:53,190 --> 00:44:54,823
MEN WHO CALLED THEMSELVES
1207
00:44:54,892 --> 00:44:59,895
"THE QUAKER CITY NIGHTHAWKS."
1208
00:44:59,964 --> 00:45:02,031
Man as Twain: "WE WISH TO LEARN
1209
00:45:02,099 --> 00:45:04,934
ALL THE CURIOUS OUTLANDISH WAYS
1210
00:45:05,103 --> 00:45:07,203
OF ALL THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
1211
00:45:07,205 --> 00:45:09,071
SO THAT WE CAN SHOW OFF
1212
00:45:09,139 --> 00:45:10,406
AND ASTONISH PEOPLE
1213
00:45:10,475 --> 00:45:13,409
WHEN WE GET HOME.
1214
00:45:13,477 --> 00:45:15,711
WE WISH TO EXCITE THE ENVY
1215
00:45:15,780 --> 00:45:18,414
OF OUR OWN UNTRAVELED FRIENDS
1216
00:45:18,483 --> 00:45:20,016
WITH OUR STRANGE FOREIGN
1217
00:45:20,084 --> 00:45:21,784
FASHIONS WHICH WE CAN'T
1218
00:45:21,853 --> 00:45:24,453
SHAKE OFF.
1219
00:45:24,522 --> 00:45:26,288
THE GENTLE READER WILL NEVER,
1220
00:45:26,290 --> 00:45:28,891
NEVER KNOW WHAT A CONSUMMATE ASS
1221
00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:31,294
HE CAN BECOME UNTIL HE GOES
1222
00:45:31,362 --> 00:45:34,096
ABROAD.
1223
00:45:34,098 --> 00:45:35,731
I SPEAK NOW, OF COURSE,
1224
00:45:35,800 --> 00:45:37,199
IN THE SUPPOSITION THAT
1225
00:45:37,268 --> 00:45:39,167
THE GENTLE READER HAS NOT BEEN
1226
00:45:39,236 --> 00:45:41,537
ABROAD AND THEREFORE IS NOT
1227
00:45:41,606 --> 00:45:44,440
ALREADY A CONSUMMATE ASS."
1228
00:45:44,508 --> 00:45:46,108
Russell Banks, writer:
1229
00:45:46,177 --> 00:45:47,176
HE'S NOT THE FIRST AMERICAN
1230
00:45:47,245 --> 00:45:49,712
WRITER TO TRAVEL TO EUROPE
1231
00:45:49,714 --> 00:45:51,580
AND THE MIDDLE EAST
1232
00:45:51,648 --> 00:45:54,517
AND REPORT BACK,
1233
00:45:54,585 --> 00:45:55,851
BUT HE'S THE FIRST ONE WHO
1234
00:45:55,920 --> 00:45:59,288
TRAVELS ABROAD AND TRAVELS
1235
00:45:59,356 --> 00:46:00,156
AS THOUGH AMERICA WERE
1236
00:46:00,224 --> 00:46:02,791
THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE.
1237
00:46:02,860 --> 00:46:04,426
UP UNTIL THAT POINT, WRITERS
1238
00:46:04,495 --> 00:46:05,427
TRAVELED ABROAD TO GO
1239
00:46:05,496 --> 00:46:07,262
TO THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE,
1240
00:46:07,331 --> 00:46:08,597
BUT TWAIN IS THE FIRST ONE
1241
00:46:08,665 --> 00:46:12,201
WHO TAKES THE CENTER WITH HIM.
1242
00:46:12,270 --> 00:46:14,136
Narrator: TWAIN SAW IT ALL--
1243
00:46:14,204 --> 00:46:18,140
GIBRALTAR, TANGIERS, MARSEILLES,
1244
00:46:18,208 --> 00:46:20,209
AND A SIDE TRIP TO PARIS,
1245
00:46:20,277 --> 00:46:21,476
WHERE HE WENT TO SEE
1246
00:46:21,545 --> 00:46:23,579
YOUNG WOMEN DANCE THE CANCAN.
1247
00:46:23,647 --> 00:46:25,447
"I PLACED MY HANDS BEFORE
1248
00:46:25,516 --> 00:46:27,249
MY FACE FOR VERY SHAME," HE TOLD
1249
00:46:27,318 --> 00:46:29,284
HIS READERS, "BUT I LOOKED
1250
00:46:29,353 --> 00:46:32,421
THROUGH MY FINGERS."
1251
00:46:32,490 --> 00:46:34,156
THEN IT WAS ON TO ITALY, WHERE
1252
00:46:34,225 --> 00:46:36,425
HE POKED FUN AT EVERYTHING.
1253
00:46:36,494 --> 00:46:37,894
Man as Twain:
1254
00:46:37,962 --> 00:46:39,662
"I USED TO WORSHIP THE MIGHTY
1255
00:46:39,731 --> 00:46:42,064
GENIUS OF MICHAEL ANGELO,
1256
00:46:42,233 --> 00:46:44,500
BUT I DO NOT WANT MICHAEL ANGELO
1257
00:46:44,568 --> 00:46:46,635
FOR BREAKFAST, FOR LUNCHEON,
1258
00:46:46,704 --> 00:46:48,971
FOR DINNER, FOR TEA, FOR SUPPER,
1259
00:46:49,040 --> 00:46:50,639
FOR BETWEEN MEALS.
1260
00:46:50,708 --> 00:46:54,043
I LIKE A CHANGE OCCASIONALLY.
1261
00:46:54,111 --> 00:46:56,178
IN GENOA, HE DESIGNED
1262
00:46:56,247 --> 00:46:58,180
EVERYTHING.
1263
00:46:58,249 --> 00:46:59,882
IN FLORENCE, HE PAINTED
1264
00:46:59,951 --> 00:47:01,917
EVERYTHING.
1265
00:47:01,986 --> 00:47:04,353
IN PISA, HE DESIGNED EVERYTHING
1266
00:47:04,421 --> 00:47:06,388
BUT THE OLD SHOT TOWER,
1267
00:47:06,557 --> 00:47:07,656
AND THEY WOULD HAVE ATTRIBUTED
1268
00:47:07,725 --> 00:47:10,258
THAT TO HIM IF IT HAD NOT BEEN
1269
00:47:10,327 --> 00:47:11,327
SO AWFULLY OUT
1270
00:47:11,396 --> 00:47:13,829
OF THE PERPENDICULAR."
1271
00:47:16,634 --> 00:47:18,434
Narrator: ON SEPTEMBER 10,
1272
00:47:18,503 --> 00:47:20,002
THE TOUR REACHED BEIRUT,
1273
00:47:20,071 --> 00:47:22,338
WHERE TWAIN AND 7 COMPANIONS
1274
00:47:22,406 --> 00:47:23,439
DECIDED THEIR PILGRIMAGE TO
1275
00:47:23,507 --> 00:47:24,607
THE HOLY LAND WOULD BE MORE
1276
00:47:24,775 --> 00:47:26,708
MEMORABLE IF THEY PROCEEDED
1277
00:47:26,777 --> 00:47:29,412
BY PACK TRAIN.
1278
00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:30,612
Man as Twain:
1279
00:47:30,681 --> 00:47:33,048
"IN SYRIA, AT THE HEADWATERS
1280
00:47:33,117 --> 00:47:35,251
OF THE JORDAN, A CAMEL TOOK
1281
00:47:35,319 --> 00:47:36,952
CHARGE OF MY OVERCOAT WHILE
1282
00:47:37,021 --> 00:47:38,821
THE TENTS WERE BEING PITCHED
1283
00:47:38,889 --> 00:47:40,222
AND EXAMINED IT WITH A CRITICAL
1284
00:47:40,391 --> 00:47:42,357
EYE ALL OVER WITH AS MUCH
1285
00:47:42,426 --> 00:47:44,160
INTEREST AS IF HE HAD AN IDEA
1286
00:47:44,228 --> 00:47:47,362
OF GETTING ONE MADE LIKE IT.
1287
00:47:47,431 --> 00:47:49,064
AND THEN, AFTER HE WAS DONE
1288
00:47:49,133 --> 00:47:50,832
FIGURING ON IT AS AN ARTICLE OF
1289
00:47:50,901 --> 00:47:53,068
APPAREL, HE BEGAN TO CONTEMPLATE
1290
00:47:53,137 --> 00:47:56,272
IT AS AN ARTICLE OF DIET.
1291
00:47:56,341 --> 00:47:57,573
HE PUT HIS FOOT ON IT
1292
00:47:57,742 --> 00:47:58,974
AND LIFTED ONE OF THE SLEEVES
1293
00:47:59,043 --> 00:48:01,310
OUT WITH HIS TEETH AND CHEWED
1294
00:48:01,379 --> 00:48:02,978
AND CHEWED AT IT, GRADUALLY
1295
00:48:03,047 --> 00:48:05,514
TAKING IT IN, AND ALL THE WHILE
1296
00:48:05,582 --> 00:48:07,483
OPENING AND CLOSING HIS EYES
1297
00:48:07,552 --> 00:48:10,519
IN A KIND OF RELIGIOUS ECSTASY,
1298
00:48:10,588 --> 00:48:12,154
AS IF HE HAD NEVER TASTED
1299
00:48:12,223 --> 00:48:14,456
ANYTHING AS GOOD AS AN OVERCOAT
1300
00:48:14,525 --> 00:48:18,027
BEFORE IN HIS LIFE.
1301
00:48:18,029 --> 00:48:20,129
THEN MY NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENCE
1302
00:48:20,298 --> 00:48:22,064
DROPPED OUT, AND HE TOOK
1303
00:48:22,133 --> 00:48:23,766
A CHANCE IN THAT,
1304
00:48:23,835 --> 00:48:25,867
BUT HE WAS TREADING ON DANGEROUS
1305
00:48:25,936 --> 00:48:28,270
GROUND NOW.
1306
00:48:28,338 --> 00:48:30,172
HE BEGAN TO COME ACROSS SOLID
1307
00:48:30,241 --> 00:48:32,107
WISDOM IN THOSE DOCUMENTS
1308
00:48:32,176 --> 00:48:33,875
THAT WAS RATHER WEIGHTY ON HIS
1309
00:48:33,944 --> 00:48:35,677
STOMACH AND OCCASIONALLY,
1310
00:48:35,746 --> 00:48:37,312
HE WOULD TAKE A JOKE THAT WOULD
1311
00:48:37,381 --> 00:48:39,181
SHAKE HIM UP TILL IT LOOSENED
1312
00:48:39,350 --> 00:48:41,349
HIS TEETH.
1313
00:48:41,418 --> 00:48:42,884
IT WAS GETTING TO BE PERILOUS
1314
00:48:42,953 --> 00:48:45,755
TIMES WITH HIM, BUT HE HELD
1315
00:48:45,823 --> 00:48:47,823
HIS GRIP WITH GOOD COURAGE,
1316
00:48:47,892 --> 00:48:49,458
TILL AT LAST HE BEGAN TO
1317
00:48:49,527 --> 00:48:51,860
STUMBLE ON STATEMENTS THAT NOT
1318
00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:53,762
EVEN A CAMEL WOULD SWALLOW
1319
00:48:53,830 --> 00:48:57,732
WITH IMPUNITY.
1320
00:48:57,801 --> 00:48:59,935
HE BEGAN TO GAG AND GASP,
1321
00:49:00,004 --> 00:49:01,737
AND HIS EYES TO STAND OUT,
1322
00:49:01,906 --> 00:49:03,905
AND HIS FORELEGS TO SPREAD,
1323
00:49:03,974 --> 00:49:05,207
AND IN ABOUT A QUARTER
1324
00:49:05,376 --> 00:49:07,242
OF A MINUTE, HE FELL OVER
1325
00:49:07,311 --> 00:49:08,511
AS STIFF AS A CARPENTER'S
1326
00:49:08,579 --> 00:49:11,013
WORKBENCH AND DIED A DEATH
1327
00:49:11,081 --> 00:49:15,284
OF INDESCRIBABLE AGONY.
1328
00:49:15,286 --> 00:49:17,152
I WENT AND PULLED THE MANUSCRIPT
1329
00:49:17,221 --> 00:49:19,388
OUT OF HIS MOUTH AND FOUND THAT
1330
00:49:19,457 --> 00:49:20,622
THE SENSITIVE CREATURE
1331
00:49:20,691 --> 00:49:22,591
HAD CHOKED TO DEATH ON ONE
1332
00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:24,259
OF THE MILDEST AND GENTLEST
1333
00:49:24,328 --> 00:49:26,729
STATEMENTS OF FACT I EVER LAID
1334
00:49:26,797 --> 00:49:29,331
BEFORE A TRUSTING PUBLIC."
1335
00:49:29,399 --> 00:49:32,301
MARK TWAIN.
1336
00:49:32,370 --> 00:49:33,836
Narrator: IN PALESTINE,
1337
00:49:34,005 --> 00:49:35,270
THEY VISITED NAZARETH
1338
00:49:35,339 --> 00:49:36,771
AND THE DEAD SEA,
1339
00:49:36,840 --> 00:49:39,708
BETHLEHEM, AND JERUSALEM.
1340
00:49:39,777 --> 00:49:40,809
FOR HIS READERS BACK HOME,
1341
00:49:40,978 --> 00:49:42,177
HE POINTED OUT THAT WHILE
1342
00:49:42,246 --> 00:49:44,145
IT TOOK MOSES 40 YEARS TO CROSS
1343
00:49:44,214 --> 00:49:45,147
THE DESERT FROM EGYPT
1344
00:49:45,316 --> 00:49:46,815
TO THE PROMISED LAND,
1345
00:49:46,884 --> 00:49:48,417
THE OVERLAND STAGE COULD'VE
1346
00:49:48,485 --> 00:49:51,520
DONE IT IN 36 HOURS.
1347
00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:53,588
AND WHEN A BOATMAN CHARGED $8.00
1348
00:49:53,657 --> 00:49:55,090
FOR A SHORT SAIL ON THE SEA
1349
00:49:55,159 --> 00:49:57,793
OF GALILEE, TWAIN ASKED,
1350
00:49:57,862 --> 00:49:59,327
"DO YOU WONDER NOW THAT CHRIST
1351
00:49:59,396 --> 00:50:02,431
WALKED?"
1352
00:50:02,500 --> 00:50:05,000
IN OCTOBER OF 1867, THE TOUR
1353
00:50:05,069 --> 00:50:06,601
CAME TO AN END,
1354
00:50:06,670 --> 00:50:08,137
AND THE QUAKER CITY SET SAIL
1355
00:50:08,206 --> 00:50:10,071
FOR AMERICA, WHERE MARK TWAIN
1356
00:50:10,140 --> 00:50:12,040
HOPED TO CONTINUE LECTURING
1357
00:50:12,209 --> 00:50:13,776
AND TURN HIS DISPATCHES
1358
00:50:13,944 --> 00:50:15,978
INTO A BOOK.
1359
00:50:23,654 --> 00:50:25,220
Man as Twain:
1360
00:50:25,289 --> 00:50:28,056
"I WANT A GOOD WIFE.
1361
00:50:28,125 --> 00:50:29,558
I WANT A COUPLE OF THEM IF THEY
1362
00:50:29,627 --> 00:50:32,128
ARE PARTICULARLY GOOD.
1363
00:50:32,196 --> 00:50:34,096
IF I WERE SETTLED, I WOULD QUIT
1364
00:50:34,165 --> 00:50:35,931
ALL NONSENSE AND SWINDLE SOME
1365
00:50:35,999 --> 00:50:38,400
POOR GIRL INTO MARRYING ME,
1366
00:50:38,468 --> 00:50:40,135
BUT I WOULDN'T EXPECT TO BE
1367
00:50:40,203 --> 00:50:42,604
WORTHY OF HER.
1368
00:50:42,673 --> 00:50:43,772
I WOULDN'T HAVE A GIRL
1369
00:50:43,841 --> 00:50:45,607
THAT I WAS WORTHY OF.
1370
00:50:45,676 --> 00:50:47,609
SHE WOULDN'T DO.
1371
00:50:47,778 --> 00:50:49,011
SHE WOULDN'T BE RESPECTABLE
1372
00:50:49,013 --> 00:50:52,481
ENOUGH."
1373
00:50:55,853 --> 00:50:57,452
Narrator: IN THE SUMMER
1374
00:50:57,521 --> 00:50:59,755
OF 1868, CLEMENS TRAVELED
1375
00:50:59,924 --> 00:51:01,190
TO ELMIRA, NEW YORK,
1376
00:51:01,258 --> 00:51:03,125
TO VISIT THE HOME OF A FRIEND
1377
00:51:03,194 --> 00:51:04,793
FROM THE QUAKER CITY TOUR--
1378
00:51:04,862 --> 00:51:06,829
CHARLEY LANGDON.
1379
00:51:06,897 --> 00:51:08,163
EVERYTHING ABOUT THE LANGDONS
1380
00:51:08,232 --> 00:51:10,499
IMPRESSED CLEMENS.
1381
00:51:10,567 --> 00:51:11,367
CHARLEY'S FATHER,
1382
00:51:11,435 --> 00:51:13,301
JERVIS LANGDON, HAD MADE HIMSELF
1383
00:51:13,370 --> 00:51:15,203
A MILLIONAIRE BY CORNERING
1384
00:51:15,272 --> 00:51:16,772
THE LOCAL COAL BUSINESS DURING
1385
00:51:16,774 --> 00:51:18,507
THE CIVIL WAR.
1386
00:51:18,576 --> 00:51:20,376
BUT LANGDON WAS AS PRINCIPLED
1387
00:51:20,444 --> 00:51:23,312
AS HE WAS PROSPEROUS.
1388
00:51:23,380 --> 00:51:24,513
BEFORE THE WAR,
1389
00:51:24,581 --> 00:51:25,547
HE HAD BEEN A CONDUCTOR
1390
00:51:25,616 --> 00:51:28,049
ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.
1391
00:51:28,118 --> 00:51:29,418
WHEN FREDERICK DOUGLASS PASSED
1392
00:51:29,487 --> 00:51:30,886
THROUGH NEW YORK STATE IN FLIGHT
1393
00:51:30,955 --> 00:51:32,688
FROM HIS MASTER, THE LANGDONS
1394
00:51:32,857 --> 00:51:33,888
OFFERED HIM SHELTER
1395
00:51:33,957 --> 00:51:37,393
IN THEIR HOME.
1396
00:51:37,461 --> 00:51:38,527
CLEMENS HAD NEVER MET ANYONE
1397
00:51:38,596 --> 00:51:40,429
LIKE THE LANGDONS,
1398
00:51:40,498 --> 00:51:41,763
BUT THE MEMBER OF THE FAMILY
1399
00:51:41,832 --> 00:51:43,531
HE WAS DRAWN TO THE MOST
1400
00:51:43,600 --> 00:51:45,334
WAS THEIR 22-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER
1401
00:51:45,402 --> 00:51:47,970
OLIVIA--A HIGHLY RELIGIOUS,
1402
00:51:48,039 --> 00:51:49,972
FRAIL, AND SERIOUS-MINDED
1403
00:51:50,041 --> 00:51:52,074
YOUNG WOMAN.
1404
00:51:52,143 --> 00:51:53,475
Man as Twain:
1405
00:51:53,544 --> 00:51:55,143
"LIVY IS THE BEST GIRL
1406
00:51:55,212 --> 00:51:57,546
IN ALL THE WORLD AND THE MOST
1407
00:51:57,548 --> 00:51:59,248
SENSIBLE.
1408
00:51:59,250 --> 00:52:00,749
SHE IS THE SWEETEST
1409
00:52:00,818 --> 00:52:01,851
AND THE GENTLEST
1410
00:52:01,853 --> 00:52:03,419
AND THE DAINTIEST
1411
00:52:03,487 --> 00:52:04,620
AND THE MOST MODEST
1412
00:52:04,688 --> 00:52:06,455
AND UNPRETENTIOUS
1413
00:52:06,524 --> 00:52:08,524
AND THE WISEST IN ALL THINGS
1414
00:52:08,592 --> 00:52:10,493
SHE SHOULD BE WISE IN
1415
00:52:10,561 --> 00:52:12,094
AND THE MOST IGNORANT IN ALL
1416
00:52:12,162 --> 00:52:13,996
MATTERS IT WOULD NOT GRACE HER
1417
00:52:13,998 --> 00:52:16,232
TO KNOW."
1418
00:52:16,300 --> 00:52:17,433
Narrator: SAM CLEMENS HAD
1419
00:52:17,501 --> 00:52:19,301
NEVER WANTED ANYTHING SO MUCH
1420
00:52:19,370 --> 00:52:22,470
AS HE NOW WANTED TO MARRY LIVY.
1421
00:52:22,539 --> 00:52:23,572
"I TAKE AS MUCH PRIDE IN HER
1422
00:52:23,574 --> 00:52:25,441
BRAINS," HE WROTE A FRIEND,
1423
00:52:25,509 --> 00:52:27,877
"AS IN HER BEAUTY."
1424
00:52:27,879 --> 00:52:28,944
AND JUST A FEW DAYS AFTER
1425
00:52:29,013 --> 00:52:30,546
HE GOT TO ELMIRA,
1426
00:52:30,614 --> 00:52:33,748
HE IMPETUOUSLY PROPOSED.
1427
00:52:33,817 --> 00:52:35,651
SHE GENTLY TURNED HIM AWAY,
1428
00:52:35,719 --> 00:52:37,085
BUT SHE AGREED THAT THEY COULD
1429
00:52:37,154 --> 00:52:38,354
WRITE TO ONE ANOTHER
1430
00:52:38,422 --> 00:52:41,723
AS "BROTHER" AND "SISTER."
1431
00:52:41,792 --> 00:52:42,924
CLEMENS BEGAN WRITING TO HER
1432
00:52:42,993 --> 00:52:45,227
THE VERY NEXT DAY AND DID NOT
1433
00:52:45,296 --> 00:52:48,496
STOP FOR 17 MONTHS--
1434
00:52:48,565 --> 00:52:51,300
184 LETTERS, EACH CAREFULLY
1435
00:52:51,369 --> 00:52:53,102
NUMBERED BY LIVY, WHO WAS
1436
00:52:53,170 --> 00:52:55,271
SLOWLY BUT SURELY FALLING
1437
00:52:55,339 --> 00:52:59,708
IN LOVE WITH HIM.
1438
00:52:59,776 --> 00:53:01,643
WHEN THE LANGDONS INVITED HIM
1439
00:53:01,712 --> 00:53:03,211
BACK FOR THANKSGIVING,
1440
00:53:03,280 --> 00:53:04,380
CLEMENS TOOK THE OPPORTUNITY
1441
00:53:04,448 --> 00:53:06,682
FORMALLY TO ASK JERVIS LANGDON
1442
00:53:06,751 --> 00:53:09,184
FOR HIS DAUGHTER'S HAND.
1443
00:53:09,253 --> 00:53:11,152
THE LANGDONS WERE STUNNED
1444
00:53:11,221 --> 00:53:12,253
BUT GAVE THEIR CONDITIONAL
1445
00:53:12,322 --> 00:53:14,790
APPROVAL, PROVIDED THAT HE COULD
1446
00:53:14,858 --> 00:53:16,091
SUPPLY THEM WITH THE NAMES
1447
00:53:16,159 --> 00:53:18,026
OF FRIENDS OUT WEST WHO COULD
1448
00:53:18,094 --> 00:53:21,163
ATTEST TO HIS CHARACTER.
1449
00:53:21,332 --> 00:53:23,265
HIS FRIENDS DID NOT HELP
1450
00:53:23,334 --> 00:53:24,466
HIS CAUSE.
1451
00:53:24,535 --> 00:53:25,467
Man as Twain:
1452
00:53:25,636 --> 00:53:27,035
"THEY SAID WITH ONE ACCORD
1453
00:53:27,103 --> 00:53:28,570
THAT I GOT DRUNK OFTENER
1454
00:53:28,639 --> 00:53:31,105
THAN WAS NECESSARY AND THAT
1455
00:53:31,174 --> 00:53:33,909
I WAS WILD AND GODLESS, IDLE,
1456
00:53:33,978 --> 00:53:35,777
LECHEROUS, AND A DISCONTENTED
1457
00:53:35,846 --> 00:53:37,846
AND AN UNSETTLED ROVER,
1458
00:53:37,915 --> 00:53:39,348
AND THEY COULD NOT RECOMMEND
1459
00:53:39,517 --> 00:53:41,250
ANY GIRL OF HIGH CHARACTER
1460
00:53:41,318 --> 00:53:45,054
AND SOCIAL POSITION TO MARRY ME.
1461
00:53:45,122 --> 00:53:46,555
BUT AS I HAD ALREADY SAID
1462
00:53:46,623 --> 00:53:47,689
ALL THAT ABOUT MYSELF
1463
00:53:47,758 --> 00:53:49,391
BEFOREHAND, THERE WAS NOTHING
1464
00:53:49,460 --> 00:53:51,160
SHOCKING OR SURPRISING ABOUT IT
1465
00:53:51,162 --> 00:53:53,161
TO THE FAMILY."
1466
00:53:53,230 --> 00:53:54,596
Narrator: DESPITE THE DUBIOUS
1467
00:53:54,665 --> 00:53:56,331
CHARACTER REFERENCES,
1468
00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:57,799
JERVIS LANGDON HAD GROWN
1469
00:53:57,868 --> 00:53:59,000
TO LIKE CLEMENS,
1470
00:53:59,069 --> 00:54:00,602
AND HE FINALLY GAVE HIS BLESSING
1471
00:54:00,671 --> 00:54:02,804
TO THE ENGAGEMENT.
1472
00:54:02,973 --> 00:54:04,139
"I AM SO HAPPY," CLEMENS WROTE
1473
00:54:04,207 --> 00:54:06,174
TO A FRIEND, "I WANT TO SCALP
1474
00:54:06,243 --> 00:54:10,579
SOMEBODY."
1475
00:54:10,748 --> 00:54:12,213
MEANWHILE, LIVY SET OUT
1476
00:54:12,282 --> 00:54:14,583
TO REFORM HER FIANCE.
1477
00:54:14,652 --> 00:54:16,284
AS HE CONTINUED TO LECTURE
1478
00:54:16,353 --> 00:54:17,285
AND WAIT IMPATIENTLY FOR HIS
1479
00:54:17,354 --> 00:54:18,887
BOOK ABOUT THE QUAKER CITY TOUR
1480
00:54:18,955 --> 00:54:20,756
TO BE PUBLISHED, SHE SENT HIM
1481
00:54:20,825 --> 00:54:21,890
COPIES OF THE REVEREND
1482
00:54:22,059 --> 00:54:22,924
HENRY WARD BEECHER'S
1483
00:54:22,993 --> 00:54:25,794
WEEKLY SERMONS, WHICH, HE SAID,
1484
00:54:25,863 --> 00:54:28,630
HE READ OVER AND OVER AGAIN.
1485
00:54:28,698 --> 00:54:30,465
HE VOWED TO BECOME A CHRISTIAN,
1486
00:54:30,534 --> 00:54:32,700
TO STOP SWEARING, TO ABANDON
1487
00:54:32,769 --> 00:54:34,036
EVEN THE SOCIAL DRINKING
1488
00:54:34,204 --> 00:54:35,404
SHE HAD RELUCTANTLY AGREED
1489
00:54:35,473 --> 00:54:37,172
TO PERMIT HIM.
1490
00:54:37,241 --> 00:54:38,173
Man as Twain:
1491
00:54:38,241 --> 00:54:39,941
"I DO NOT KNOW OF ANYTHING
1492
00:54:40,010 --> 00:54:41,443
I COULD REFUSE TO DO
1493
00:54:41,512 --> 00:54:43,745
IF YOU WANTED IT DONE.
1494
00:54:43,814 --> 00:54:45,313
I AM REASONABLY AFRAID THAT
1495
00:54:45,482 --> 00:54:47,215
YOU'LL STOP ME FROM SMOKING
1496
00:54:47,284 --> 00:54:50,653
SOMEDAY, BUT IF EVER YOU DO,
1497
00:54:50,721 --> 00:54:52,087
YOU WILL DO IT WITH SUCH HAPPY
1498
00:54:52,156 --> 00:54:54,289
GRACE THAT I SHALL BE SWINDLED
1499
00:54:54,358 --> 00:54:55,691
INTO THE NOTION THAT I DIDN'T
1500
00:54:55,860 --> 00:55:00,195
WANT TO SMOKE ANYMORE, ANYHOW."
1501
00:55:00,263 --> 00:55:03,198
Narrator: IN JULY OF 1869,
1502
00:55:03,200 --> 00:55:04,299
MARK TWAIN'S
1503
00:55:04,368 --> 00:55:05,701
THE INNOCENTS ABROAD
1504
00:55:05,770 --> 00:55:07,436
APPEARED AT LAST.
1505
00:55:07,505 --> 00:55:09,470
IT WOULD SELL 100,000 COPIES
1506
00:55:09,539 --> 00:55:11,172
IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS.
1507
00:55:11,241 --> 00:55:12,607
ONLY HARRIET BEECHER STOWE'S
1508
00:55:12,676 --> 00:55:14,777
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN HAD SOLD MOE
1509
00:55:14,945 --> 00:55:17,345
IN SO LITTLE TIME.
1510
00:55:17,414 --> 00:55:19,281
THE FORMER PRINTER'S APPRENTICE
1511
00:55:19,349 --> 00:55:20,482
HAD BECOME THE BEST-SELLING
1512
00:55:20,551 --> 00:55:24,719
AUTHOR IN AMERICA.
1513
00:55:24,788 --> 00:55:25,821
INNOCENTS ABROAD
1514
00:55:25,890 --> 00:55:27,456
WAS A SUBSCRIPTION BOOK,
1515
00:55:27,458 --> 00:55:29,191
SOLD DOOR-TO-DOOR BY AN ARMY
1516
00:55:29,193 --> 00:55:30,258
OF SALESMEN WHO TOOK ORDERS
1517
00:55:30,327 --> 00:55:32,093
FROM PEOPLE WHO RARELY VISITED
1518
00:55:32,162 --> 00:55:34,396
BOOKSTORES--TRADESMEN,
1519
00:55:34,465 --> 00:55:36,398
SHOPKEEPERS, FARMERS LIVING
1520
00:55:36,467 --> 00:55:37,966
MILES FROM TOWN.
1521
00:55:38,035 --> 00:55:39,467
Hamlin Hill, Twain scholar:
1522
00:55:39,536 --> 00:55:41,035
HE TOLD A CRITIC,
1523
00:55:41,104 --> 00:55:42,504
"I NEVER TRIED TO CULTIVATE
1524
00:55:42,573 --> 00:55:44,573
THE CULTIVATED CLASSES.
1525
00:55:44,642 --> 00:55:46,574
I ALWAYS WENT FOR BIGGER GAME--
1526
00:55:46,643 --> 00:55:48,210
THE MASSES,"
1527
00:55:48,279 --> 00:55:49,928
AND HE GOT THEM.
1528
00:55:49,997 --> 00:55:51,947
HE WROTE IN HIS JOURNAL,
1529
00:55:52,016 --> 00:55:54,482
"GREAT BOOKS ARE WINE,
1530
00:55:54,551 --> 00:55:57,653
MY BOOKS ARE WATER"--
1531
00:55:57,721 --> 00:55:58,720
AND THEN YOU CAN ALMOST HEAR
1532
00:55:58,722 --> 00:56:01,089
THE PAUSE AND SEE THE WINK--
1533
00:56:01,158 --> 00:56:03,124
"BUT EVERYBODY DRINKS WATER."
1534
00:56:03,193 --> 00:56:05,094
Narrator: LITERARY CRITICS
1535
00:56:05,262 --> 00:56:06,728
RARELY BOTHERED EVEN TO REVIEW
1536
00:56:06,797 --> 00:56:08,831
SUBSCRIPTION BOOKS, BUT TWAIN
1537
00:56:08,899 --> 00:56:09,664
COULD NOT HAVE BEEN MORE
1538
00:56:09,733 --> 00:56:10,832
PLEASED WHEN HIS BOOK WAS
1539
00:56:10,901 --> 00:56:12,467
PRAISED BY THE EMINENT
1540
00:56:12,536 --> 00:56:14,869
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, AN EDITOR
1541
00:56:14,938 --> 00:56:16,270
OF THE PRESTIGIOUS JOURNAL
1542
00:56:16,339 --> 00:56:18,673
THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY.
1543
00:56:18,675 --> 00:56:19,508
THE TWO MEN WOULD BECOME
1544
00:56:19,577 --> 00:56:22,077
CLOSE FRIENDS.
1545
00:56:22,146 --> 00:56:22,844
WITH HIS WEDDING DAY
1546
00:56:22,913 --> 00:56:24,546
APPROACHING, TWAIN WENT RIGHT
1547
00:56:24,614 --> 00:56:26,448
TO WORK ON A NEW BOOK--
1548
00:56:26,450 --> 00:56:27,649
AN ACCOUNT OF HIS OWN YOUTHFUL
1549
00:56:27,818 --> 00:56:29,017
ADVENTURES IN THE WEST--
1550
00:56:29,085 --> 00:56:31,552
CALLED ROUGHING IT.
1551
00:56:31,621 --> 00:56:32,788
AND HIS PUBLISHER
1552
00:56:32,857 --> 00:56:34,289
NOW BEGAN PROMOTING HIM
1553
00:56:34,358 --> 00:56:38,360
AS "THE PEOPLE'S AUTHOR."
1554
00:56:38,429 --> 00:56:42,064
SAMUEL CLEMENS AND LIVY LANGDON
1555
00:56:42,066 --> 00:56:43,565
WERE MARRIED IN HER FATHER'S
1556
00:56:43,634 --> 00:56:48,203
PARLOR ON FEBRUARY 2, 1870.
1557
00:56:48,271 --> 00:56:49,271
THE WEDDING PARTY BOARDED
1558
00:56:49,340 --> 00:56:50,972
A PRIVATE RAILROAD CAR FOR
1559
00:56:51,041 --> 00:56:53,175
BUFFALO, WHERE, THANKS TO A LOAN
1560
00:56:53,243 --> 00:56:54,710
FROM HIS FATHER-IN-LAW,
1561
00:56:54,778 --> 00:56:56,111
CLEMENS WAS NOW PART-OWNER
1562
00:56:56,179 --> 00:56:57,612
OF A NEWSPAPER,
1563
00:56:57,681 --> 00:57:00,315
THE BUFFALO EXPRESS.
1564
00:57:00,317 --> 00:57:01,950
THEN JERVIS LANGDON STUNNED HIS
1565
00:57:02,019 --> 00:57:04,086
NEW SON-IN-LAW BY PRESENTING HIM
1566
00:57:04,255 --> 00:57:05,854
WITH A HANDSOME HOME--
1567
00:57:06,023 --> 00:57:08,690
COMPLETELY FURNISHED AND STAFFED
1568
00:57:08,758 --> 00:57:10,092
WITH A COOK, HOUSEMAID,
1569
00:57:10,161 --> 00:57:11,760
AND COACHMAN, WHOSE UNIFORM,
1570
00:57:11,829 --> 00:57:13,929
CLEMENS SAID, COST MORE THAN ANY
1571
00:57:13,998 --> 00:57:16,865
SUIT OF CLOTHES HE'D EVER OWNED.
1572
00:57:16,934 --> 00:57:19,101
HE COULD NOT BELIEVE HIS LUCK.
1573
00:57:19,169 --> 00:57:21,103
Man as Twain:
1574
00:57:21,105 --> 00:57:23,071
"BEHOLD, I HAVE AT THE MOMENT
1575
00:57:23,140 --> 00:57:24,940
THE ONLY SWEETHEART I EVER
1576
00:57:25,108 --> 00:57:27,976
LOVED, AND BLESS HER OLD HEART,
1577
00:57:28,045 --> 00:57:29,945
SHE IS LYING ASLEEP UPSTAIRS
1578
00:57:30,013 --> 00:57:33,749
IN A BED I SLEEP IN EVERY NIGHT,
1579
00:57:33,817 --> 00:57:36,617
AND FOR 4 WHOLE DAYS, SHE HAS
1580
00:57:36,686 --> 00:57:41,123
BEEN MRS. SAMUEL L. CLEMENS."
1581
00:57:41,191 --> 00:57:43,125
Narrator: "WE ARE TWO AS
1582
00:57:43,294 --> 00:57:44,793
HAPPY PEOPLE AS YOU EVER SAW,"
1583
00:57:44,862 --> 00:57:46,127
LIVY WROTE.
1584
00:57:46,196 --> 00:57:47,862
"OUR DAYS SEEM TO BE MADE UP
1585
00:57:47,931 --> 00:57:49,964
OF ONLY BRIGHT SUNLIGHT
1586
00:57:50,033 --> 00:57:54,636
WITH NO SHADOW IN THEM."
1587
00:57:54,705 --> 00:57:56,704
BUT THAT SUMMER, JERVIS LANGDON
1588
00:57:56,773 --> 00:57:59,274
DIED OF STOMACH CANCER.
1589
00:57:59,343 --> 00:58:01,042
LIVY, NOW PREGNANT, SUFFERED
1590
00:58:01,111 --> 00:58:03,979
A NERVOUS COLLAPSE.
1591
00:58:04,147 --> 00:58:05,314
HER CLOSEST FRIEND CAME TO CARE
1592
00:58:05,382 --> 00:58:07,382
FOR HER AND DIED OF TYPHOID
1593
00:58:07,451 --> 00:58:11,319
FEVER IN THE CLEMENS' OWN BED.
1594
00:58:11,388 --> 00:58:13,154
IN NOVEMBER, SHE GAVE BIRTH
1595
00:58:13,223 --> 00:58:15,556
PREMATURELY TO A SON.
1596
00:58:15,625 --> 00:58:16,825
THEY NAMED HIM LANGDON
1597
00:58:16,894 --> 00:58:19,794
AFTER HER FATHER.
1598
00:58:19,863 --> 00:58:21,463
THE BABY WEIGHED JUST 4 POUNDS
1599
00:58:21,531 --> 00:58:24,532
AT BIRTH AND REMAINED SICKLY--
1600
00:58:24,601 --> 00:58:26,534
SLOW TO TEETHE, TO WALK,
1601
00:58:26,703 --> 00:58:28,703
TO TALK, WAS PLAGUED BY
1602
00:58:28,772 --> 00:58:31,239
FREQUENT COUGHS AND COLDS--
1603
00:58:31,308 --> 00:58:33,408
A CONSTANT SOURCE OF WORRY
1604
00:58:33,477 --> 00:58:36,912
FOR HIS DOTING PARENTS.
1605
00:58:37,081 --> 00:58:39,347
IN 1871, CLEMENS DECIDED
1606
00:58:39,415 --> 00:58:42,384
TO LEAVE BUFFALO AND START OVER.
1607
00:58:42,452 --> 00:58:43,785
HE PUT UP FOR SALE BOTH
1608
00:58:43,854 --> 00:58:45,286
HIS HOUSE AND HIS INTEREST
1609
00:58:45,355 --> 00:58:47,956
IN THE BUFFALO EXPRESS AND MOVED
1610
00:58:48,025 --> 00:58:49,591
TO THE MOST PROSPEROUS CITY
1611
00:58:49,593 --> 00:58:50,725
IN AMERICA--
1612
00:58:50,794 --> 00:58:52,694
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
1613
00:58:52,762 --> 00:58:54,729
Man as Twain:
1614
00:58:54,798 --> 00:58:56,831
"OF ALL THE BEAUTIFUL TOWNS
1615
00:58:56,900 --> 00:58:58,867
IT HAS BEEN MY FORTUNE TO SEE,
1616
00:58:58,935 --> 00:59:00,902
HARTFORD IS THE CHIEF.
1617
00:59:00,971 --> 00:59:02,070
IT IS A CITY
1618
00:59:02,239 --> 00:59:03,838
OF 40,000 INHABITANTS
1619
00:59:04,007 --> 00:59:05,773
AND SEEMS TO BE COMPOSED ALMOST
1620
00:59:05,842 --> 00:59:07,708
ENTIRELY OF DWELLING HOUSES
1621
00:59:07,777 --> 00:59:09,343
SCATTERED ALONG THE BROAD,
1622
00:59:09,412 --> 00:59:11,179
STRAIGHT STREETS.
1623
00:59:11,248 --> 00:59:13,515
EVERYWHERE THE EYE TURNS,
1624
00:59:13,583 --> 00:59:15,083
IT IS BLESSED WITH A VISION OF
1625
00:59:15,252 --> 00:59:16,784
REFRESHING GREEN.
1626
00:59:16,853 --> 00:59:19,888
YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT BEAUTY IS
1627
00:59:19,957 --> 00:59:23,258
IF YOU HAVE NOT BEEN HERE."
1628
00:59:23,326 --> 00:59:24,259
Narrator: THE EDITOR
1629
00:59:24,328 --> 00:59:25,260
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER
1630
00:59:25,329 --> 00:59:26,594
LIVED IN HARTFORD.
1631
00:59:26,663 --> 00:59:28,797
SO DID HARRIET BEECHER STOWE
1632
00:59:28,865 --> 00:59:30,966
AS WELL AS HER SUFFRAGIST SISTER
1633
00:59:31,034 --> 00:59:32,400
ISABELLA BEECHER HOOKER,
1634
00:59:32,469 --> 00:59:34,469
WHOSE HOUSE SAM AND LIVY RENTED
1635
00:59:34,538 --> 00:59:36,471
TILL THEY COULD BEGIN TO BUILD
1636
00:59:36,473 --> 00:59:39,741
ONE OF THEIR OWN.
1637
00:59:39,809 --> 00:59:43,144
IN MARCH OF 1872,
1638
00:59:43,213 --> 00:59:44,512
THEIR SECOND CHILD,
1639
00:59:44,581 --> 00:59:46,214
OLIVIA SUSAN CLEMENS,
1640
00:59:46,283 --> 00:59:47,716
WAS BORN.
1641
00:59:47,718 --> 00:59:50,252
UNLIKE LANGDON, SHE WAS HEALTHY;
1642
00:59:50,321 --> 00:59:51,153
"A FIVE-POUNDER,"
1643
00:59:51,221 --> 00:59:52,620
CLEMENS TOLD FRIENDS,
1644
00:59:52,689 --> 00:59:54,021
"AS FAT AS BUTTER
1645
00:59:54,090 --> 00:59:55,390
AND WHOLLY FREE FROM
1646
00:59:55,459 --> 00:59:57,391
INFELICITIES OF ANY KIND."
1647
00:59:57,460 --> 00:59:58,893
HE AND LIVY
1648
00:59:58,962 --> 01:00:01,462
WOULD CALL HER SUSY.
1649
01:00:03,633 --> 01:00:05,133
BUT JUST 9 WEEKS AFTER HER
1650
01:00:05,201 --> 01:00:08,036
BIRTH, TRAGEDY STRUCK AGAIN.
1651
01:00:08,205 --> 01:00:10,005
19-MONTH-OLD LANGDON CONTRACTED
1652
01:00:10,073 --> 01:00:11,906
DIPHTHERIA AND DIED IN HIS
1653
01:00:11,975 --> 01:00:15,176
MOTHER'S ARMS.
1654
01:00:15,245 --> 01:00:16,311
JUST AS HE HAD BLAMED HIMSELF
1655
01:00:16,379 --> 01:00:17,312
FOR THE DEATH OF HIS BROTHER
1656
01:00:17,381 --> 01:00:19,314
HENRY, CLEMENS HELD HIMSELF
1657
01:00:19,483 --> 01:00:22,250
RESPONSIBLE FOR HIS SON'S DEATH.
1658
01:00:22,318 --> 01:00:23,285
HE CLAIMED HE HAD CARELESSLY
1659
01:00:23,287 --> 01:00:25,053
ALLOWED HIM TO BECOME CHILLED
1660
01:00:25,122 --> 01:00:29,524
DURING A CARRIAGE RIDE.
1661
01:00:29,592 --> 01:00:31,927
LIVY WAS DEVASTATED.
1662
01:00:31,995 --> 01:00:33,628
"I FEEL SO OFTEN AS IF MY PATH
1663
01:00:33,697 --> 01:00:35,163
IS TO BE LINED WITH GRAVES,"
1664
01:00:35,231 --> 01:00:36,631
SHE WROTE.
1665
01:00:36,800 --> 01:00:37,999
SHE SAID SHE NOW FELT "ALMOST
1666
01:00:38,068 --> 01:00:40,468
PERFECTLY COLD TOWARD GOD,"
1667
01:00:40,536 --> 01:00:41,736
AND NO LONGER WENT REGULARLY
1668
01:00:41,805 --> 01:00:44,205
TO CHURCH.
1669
01:00:44,274 --> 01:00:45,707
CLEMENS WOULD COME TO BLAME
1670
01:00:45,776 --> 01:00:50,145
HIMSELF FOR THAT, TOO.
1671
01:00:50,213 --> 01:00:51,046
William Styron, writer: IF HE
1672
01:00:51,115 --> 01:00:52,781
WERE MERELY THE STAND-UP COMIC
1673
01:00:52,783 --> 01:00:53,948
OF HIS TIME,
1674
01:00:54,017 --> 01:00:57,152
THE ARTEMUS WARD, THE MAN IN
1675
01:00:57,154 --> 01:00:59,120
SEARCH OF AN EASY LAUGH,
1676
01:00:59,189 --> 01:01:00,288
HE WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN A VERY
1677
01:01:00,357 --> 01:01:03,024
GOOD WRITER.
1678
01:01:03,092 --> 01:01:05,827
BUT HIS EXUBERANT AND ALMOST
1679
01:01:05,829 --> 01:01:07,529
IRREPRESSIBLE HUMOR IS ALWAYS
1680
01:01:07,531 --> 01:01:10,131
COLORED BY THIS UNDERSTANDING
1681
01:01:10,200 --> 01:01:11,999
THAT LIFE IS NOT JUST ONE BIG
1682
01:01:12,068 --> 01:01:16,070
YUK, BUT IS A SERIOUS EVENT IN
1683
01:01:16,139 --> 01:01:18,773
WHICH HORRIBLE THINGS HAPPEN.
1684
01:01:18,842 --> 01:01:20,709
I THINK THAT--THAT HE HAD
1685
01:01:20,777 --> 01:01:24,880
A--A PERHAPS A DARK, DEPRESSIVE
1686
01:01:24,882 --> 01:01:29,083
STREAK, WHICH IS NOT UNCOMMON
1687
01:01:29,152 --> 01:01:34,089
AMONG WRITERS, AND THAT THIS WAS
1688
01:01:34,158 --> 01:01:36,891
THE ELEMENT IN HIS PERSONALITY
1689
01:01:36,960 --> 01:01:39,794
THAT BALANCED OFF THIS NEED TO
1690
01:01:39,862 --> 01:01:42,797
BE AMUSING AND ENTERTAINING
1691
01:01:42,866 --> 01:01:45,167
AND GAVE DEPTH TO HIS WORK.
1692
01:01:54,477 --> 01:01:56,010
Man as Twain: "SOME MEN WORSHIP
1693
01:01:56,079 --> 01:01:58,113
RANK, SOME WORSHIP HEROES,
1694
01:01:58,182 --> 01:02:00,448
SOME WORSHIP POWER,
1695
01:02:00,517 --> 01:02:02,250
SOME WORSHIP GOD,
1696
01:02:02,318 --> 01:02:03,918
AND OVER THESE IDEALS THEY
1697
01:02:03,987 --> 01:02:07,355
DISPUTE AND CANNOT UNITE--
1698
01:02:07,423 --> 01:02:10,892
BUT THEY ALL WORSHIP MONEY."
1699
01:02:10,894 --> 01:02:12,961
MARK TWAIN.
1700
01:02:13,130 --> 01:02:15,197
Narrator: THE 1870s WAS A TIME
1701
01:02:15,199 --> 01:02:16,598
OF UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH
1702
01:02:16,667 --> 01:02:18,966
AND PROSPERITY IN AMERICA.
1703
01:02:19,035 --> 01:02:20,501
EVERYONE SEEMED CONSUMED WITH
1704
01:02:20,570 --> 01:02:22,837
MAKING MONEY, WHILE POWERFUL NEW
1705
01:02:22,905 --> 01:02:24,172
INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS GOT
1706
01:02:24,241 --> 01:02:25,740
WHATEVER THEY WANTED FROM
1707
01:02:25,809 --> 01:02:28,043
WASHINGTON.
1708
01:02:28,111 --> 01:02:30,244
IN 1873, TWAIN AND HIS HARTFORD
1709
01:02:30,313 --> 01:02:32,580
NEIGHBOR, CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER,
1710
01:02:32,649 --> 01:02:34,816
COLLABORATED ON A NOVEL CALLED
1711
01:02:34,885 --> 01:02:36,885
THE GILDED AGE--
1712
01:02:36,887 --> 01:02:38,286
A CAUSTIC ASSAULT ON CORRUPT
1713
01:02:38,355 --> 01:02:41,222
POLITICS AND A BITING SATIRE ON
1714
01:02:41,291 --> 01:02:42,991
THE GREED AND GET-RICH-QUICK
1715
01:02:42,993 --> 01:02:46,427
FEVER OF THE ERA.
1716
01:02:46,496 --> 01:02:48,330
MARK TWAIN GAVE THE GILDED AGE
1717
01:02:48,398 --> 01:02:50,965
ITS NAME, BUT SAM CLEMENS
1718
01:02:51,034 --> 01:02:53,535
PERSONIFIED IT.
1719
01:02:53,603 --> 01:02:55,103
NO ONE WAS MORE CONSTANTLY ON
1720
01:02:55,172 --> 01:02:56,637
THE LOOKOUT FOR SCHEMES THAT
1721
01:02:56,706 --> 01:02:57,772
WOULD MAKE HIM WEALTHIER THAN HE
1722
01:02:57,840 --> 01:02:59,607
ALREADY WAS.
1723
01:02:59,675 --> 01:03:01,042
NO ONE LOVED MONEY
1724
01:03:01,111 --> 01:03:02,176
AND THE COMFORT AND LUXURY IT
1725
01:03:02,245 --> 01:03:06,414
COULD BUY MORE THAN HE DID.
1726
01:03:06,483 --> 01:03:09,183
IN 1873, SAM AND LIVY BOUGHT
1727
01:03:09,252 --> 01:03:10,719
A 5-ACRE PLOT ON
1728
01:03:10,721 --> 01:03:12,787
FARMINGTON AVENUE, HIRED ONE OF
1729
01:03:12,956 --> 01:03:14,922
THE NATION'S LEADING ARCHITECTS,
1730
01:03:14,991 --> 01:03:16,858
EDWARD TUCKERMAN POTTER,
1731
01:03:16,926 --> 01:03:18,726
AND INSTRUCTED HIM TO BUILD THEM
1732
01:03:18,795 --> 01:03:20,928
A HOUSE UNLIKE ANY OTHER HOUSE
1733
01:03:20,997 --> 01:03:25,100
IN HARTFORD OR ANYWHERE ELSE.
1734
01:03:27,437 --> 01:03:28,570
Man as Twain: "I HAVE BEEN
1735
01:03:28,638 --> 01:03:30,839
BULLYRAGGED ALL DAY
1736
01:03:30,907 --> 01:03:34,342
BY THE BUILDER, BY HIS
1737
01:03:34,411 --> 01:03:37,979
FOREMAN, BY THE ARCHITECT, BY
1738
01:03:38,148 --> 01:03:39,580
THE TAPESTRY DEVIL WHO IS TO
1739
01:03:39,649 --> 01:03:42,716
UPHOLSTER THE FURNITURE, BY
1740
01:03:42,785 --> 01:03:44,519
THE IDIOT WHO IS PUTTING DOWN
1741
01:03:44,587 --> 01:03:47,889
THE CARPETS, BY THE SCOUNDREL
1742
01:03:47,958 --> 01:03:49,190
WHO IS SETTING UP THE BILLIARD
1743
01:03:49,259 --> 01:03:51,526
TABLE AND HAS LEFT THE BALLS IN
1744
01:03:51,528 --> 01:03:55,163
NEW YORK, BY A BOOK AGENT WHOSE
1745
01:03:55,232 --> 01:03:57,432
BODY IS IN THE BACKYARD
1746
01:03:57,501 --> 01:04:01,870
AND THE CORONER NOTIFIED.
1747
01:04:01,938 --> 01:04:03,671
JUST THINK OF THIS GOING ON
1748
01:04:03,673 --> 01:04:05,573
THE WHOLE DAY LONG, AND I AM
1749
01:04:05,642 --> 01:04:07,709
A MAN WHO LOATHES DETAILS WITH
1750
01:04:07,777 --> 01:04:11,646
ALL MY HEART!
1751
01:04:11,715 --> 01:04:14,081
BUT I HAVEN'T LOST MY TEMPER."
1752
01:04:18,655 --> 01:04:19,887
Narrator: IT WAS EVERYTHING
1753
01:04:19,956 --> 01:04:21,755
HE HAD HOPED FOR.
1754
01:04:21,824 --> 01:04:23,724
"MR. CLEMENS," LIVY WROTE,
1755
01:04:23,793 --> 01:04:25,360
"SEEMS TO GLORY IN HIS SENSE OF
1756
01:04:25,362 --> 01:04:28,830
POSSESSION."
1757
01:04:28,832 --> 01:04:31,399
THERE WERE 3 FLOORS, 19 ROOMS,
1758
01:04:31,401 --> 01:04:33,134
TURRETS AND BALCONIES WITH
1759
01:04:33,136 --> 01:04:34,069
SPLENDID VIEWS OF
1760
01:04:34,137 --> 01:04:36,438
THE SURROUNDING COUNTRYSIDE
1761
01:04:36,506 --> 01:04:38,439
AND AN ELONGATED PORCH FOR
1762
01:04:38,508 --> 01:04:41,543
SUMMER AFTERNOONS.
1763
01:04:41,611 --> 01:04:42,744
IN THE MASTER BEDROOM,
1764
01:04:42,812 --> 01:04:44,445
SAM AND LIVY INSTALLED WHAT HE
1765
01:04:44,514 --> 01:04:46,314
CALLED "THE MOST COMFORTABLE
1766
01:04:46,382 --> 01:04:48,549
BEDSTEAD THAT EVER WAS, WITH
1767
01:04:48,618 --> 01:04:50,685
SPACE ENOUGH IN IT FOR A FAMILY,
1768
01:04:50,754 --> 01:04:52,520
AND CARVED ANGELS ENOUGH," HE
1769
01:04:52,589 --> 01:04:54,122
ADDED, "TO BRING PEACE TO
1770
01:04:54,190 --> 01:04:55,990
THE SLEEPERS, AND PLEASANT
1771
01:04:56,059 --> 01:04:58,493
DREAMS."
1772
01:04:58,562 --> 01:05:00,362
THE FAMILY WAS GROWING.
1773
01:05:00,530 --> 01:05:02,863
CLARA, A SECOND HEALTHY GIRL,
1774
01:05:02,932 --> 01:05:06,133
HAD BEEN BORN IN 1874.
1775
01:05:06,202 --> 01:05:07,735
HER PROUD FATHER CALLED HER
1776
01:05:07,804 --> 01:05:11,205
"THE GREAT AMERICAN GIANTESS."
1777
01:05:11,274 --> 01:05:13,074
JEAN WOULD BE BORN 6
1778
01:05:13,076 --> 01:05:15,610
YEARS LATER.
1779
01:05:15,678 --> 01:05:17,445
THE GIRLS HAD THEIR OWN NURSERY
1780
01:05:17,513 --> 01:05:18,413
AND SOON TOOK OVER THEIR
1781
01:05:18,481 --> 01:05:20,548
FATHER'S STUDY, TRANSFORMING IT
1782
01:05:20,617 --> 01:05:23,551
INTO THEIR SCHOOLROOM.
1783
01:05:23,620 --> 01:05:25,170
HE MOVED HIS DESK TO THE THIRD
1784
01:05:25,172 --> 01:05:27,789
FLOOR TO THE BIG BILLIARD ROOM,
1785
01:05:27,858 --> 01:05:30,025
WHERE HE COULD SMOKE AND WRITE
1786
01:05:30,093 --> 01:05:31,226
AND ENTERTAIN HIS FRIENDS
1787
01:05:31,294 --> 01:05:34,362
WITHOUT FEAR OF BEING DISTURBED.
1788
01:05:34,430 --> 01:05:35,496
SPEAKING TUBES HIDDEN IN
1789
01:05:35,565 --> 01:05:37,231
THE WALLS ALLOWED ANY OF
1790
01:05:37,300 --> 01:05:38,700
THE 7 SERVANTS TO BE SUMMONED
1791
01:05:38,768 --> 01:05:41,569
FROM ANY ROOM.
1792
01:05:41,638 --> 01:05:43,471
THE LIBRARY WAS THE HEART OF
1793
01:05:43,539 --> 01:05:45,073
THE HOUSE.
1794
01:05:45,142 --> 01:05:47,041
HERE, HE READ ALOUD TO
1795
01:05:47,109 --> 01:05:48,343
THE GIRLS AND WAS OFTEN ASKED
1796
01:05:48,411 --> 01:05:49,577
TO MAKE UP A BRAND-NEW BEDTIME
1797
01:05:49,646 --> 01:05:51,345
STORY FOR THEM, STARTING WITH
1798
01:05:51,414 --> 01:05:52,914
THE CAT AT ONE END OF
1799
01:05:52,982 --> 01:05:54,616
THE MANTELPIECE AND THEN
1800
01:05:54,685 --> 01:05:57,151
INCORPORATING EVERY ITEM IN TURN
1801
01:05:57,220 --> 01:05:59,020
UNTIL HE REACHED THE OTHER END
1802
01:05:59,089 --> 01:06:00,254
AND THE WATERCOLOR PORTRAIT OF
1803
01:06:00,423 --> 01:06:01,855
A YOUNG GIRL HIS DAUGHTERS HAD
1804
01:06:01,924 --> 01:06:05,926
NAMED "EMMELINE."
1805
01:06:05,995 --> 01:06:07,162
Man as Twain: "I HAD TO START
1806
01:06:07,331 --> 01:06:08,930
ALWAYS WITH THE CAT
1807
01:06:09,099 --> 01:06:11,999
AND FINISH WITH EMMELINE.
1808
01:06:12,068 --> 01:06:13,234
I WAS NEVER ALLOWED
1809
01:06:13,403 --> 01:06:14,935
THE REFRESHMENT OF A CHANGE,
1810
01:06:15,004 --> 01:06:16,937
END FOR END.
1811
01:06:17,006 --> 01:06:18,106
IT WAS NOT PERMISSIBLE TO
1812
01:06:18,175 --> 01:06:19,841
INTRODUCE AN ORNAMENT INTO
1813
01:06:19,910 --> 01:06:21,442
THE STORY OUT OF ITS PLACE IN
1814
01:06:21,511 --> 01:06:24,212
THE PROCESSION.
1815
01:06:24,214 --> 01:06:25,780
THESE BRIC-A-BRACS WERE NEVER
1816
01:06:25,849 --> 01:06:28,149
ALLOWED A PEACEFUL DAY.
1817
01:06:28,217 --> 01:06:29,551
THEY KNEW NO EXISTENCE BUT
1818
01:06:29,619 --> 01:06:32,286
A MONOTONOUS CAREER OF VIOLENCE
1819
01:06:32,355 --> 01:06:36,691
AND BLOODSHED."
1820
01:06:36,860 --> 01:06:37,692
Narrator: THERE WAS A STEADY
1821
01:06:37,760 --> 01:06:38,926
STREAM OF GUESTS
1822
01:06:38,995 --> 01:06:39,927
AT MARK TWAIN'S TABLE--
1823
01:06:39,996 --> 01:06:40,894
CLOSE FRIENDS LIKE
1824
01:06:40,963 --> 01:06:42,697
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS
1825
01:06:42,766 --> 01:06:44,999
AND THE REVEREND JOE TWICHELL,
1826
01:06:45,068 --> 01:06:46,701
BUT ALSO MORE FAMOUS VISITORS
1827
01:06:46,770 --> 01:06:48,769
LIKE WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN,
1828
01:06:48,838 --> 01:06:51,038
THE ACTOR EDWIN BOOTH,
1829
01:06:51,107 --> 01:06:52,239
AND THE EXPLORER
1830
01:06:52,308 --> 01:06:53,974
HENRY M. STANLEY--
1831
01:06:54,043 --> 01:06:55,943
WHO CAME TO DINE AND TO ENJOY
1832
01:06:56,012 --> 01:07:01,182
HEARING THEIR HOST TELL STORIES.
1833
01:07:01,251 --> 01:07:01,749
Ron Powers, writer: I THINK
1834
01:07:01,818 --> 01:07:02,417
THE HARTFORD HOUSE
1835
01:07:02,485 --> 01:07:03,417
TELLS US ABOUT HIS DIVIDED
1836
01:07:03,486 --> 01:07:05,820
PERSONALITY.
1837
01:07:05,822 --> 01:07:07,655
ON THE ONE HAND, HE WANTED TO BE
1838
01:07:07,724 --> 01:07:09,891
THE RUSTIC FROM THE INTERIOR
1839
01:07:09,959 --> 01:07:11,258
FLINGING HARPOONS INTO
1840
01:07:11,327 --> 01:07:13,795
THE FLANKS OF THE MIGHTY, AND ON
1841
01:07:13,863 --> 01:07:15,096
THE OTHER HAND, HE WANTED TO BE
1842
01:07:15,164 --> 01:07:16,497
THE MIGHTY.
1843
01:07:16,566 --> 01:07:19,700
HE WANTED THAT WEALTH.
1844
01:07:19,769 --> 01:07:20,635
HE WANTED TO ACHIEVE WHAT HIS
1845
01:07:20,703 --> 01:07:22,270
FATHER HADN'T ACHIEVED, WHAT HIS
1846
01:07:22,338 --> 01:07:25,473
OLDER BROTHER HADN'T ACHIEVED.
1847
01:07:25,542 --> 01:07:26,574
AT THE SAME TIME, HE WAS
1848
01:07:26,643 --> 01:07:28,009
BURDENED WITH A KIND OF
1849
01:07:28,077 --> 01:07:29,610
AN HONESTY ABOUT THE CORRUPTING
1850
01:07:29,779 --> 01:07:32,846
POWER OF WEALTH.
1851
01:07:32,915 --> 01:07:34,516
AND SO THE HOUSE IN HARTFORD
1852
01:07:34,584 --> 01:07:37,351
SHOWS US THIS GREAT DIVIDED SOUL
1853
01:07:37,420 --> 01:07:38,886
RICOCHETING BACK AND FORTH
1854
01:07:38,955 --> 01:07:40,554
BETWEEN INDULGING THE LUXURIES
1855
01:07:40,623 --> 01:07:42,957
THAT HIS WRITING HAD BROUGHT HIM
1856
01:07:43,025 --> 01:07:44,758
AND FEELING A KIND OF DISGUST
1857
01:07:44,827 --> 01:07:47,095
FOR--FOR THE STERILIZATION
1858
01:07:47,163 --> 01:07:48,863
OF IT.
1859
01:07:48,932 --> 01:07:50,064
Narrator: EVENTUALLY,
1860
01:07:50,066 --> 01:07:51,132
CLEMENS WOULD DECIDE
1861
01:07:51,201 --> 01:07:52,133
HIS HOUSE WAS STILL NOT
1862
01:07:52,302 --> 01:07:53,767
GRAND ENOUGH AND HAD ITS
1863
01:07:53,836 --> 01:07:55,236
DOWNSTAIRS REDONE BY
1864
01:07:55,305 --> 01:07:57,104
LOUIS COMFORT TIFFANY WITH
1865
01:07:57,173 --> 01:07:58,740
A STAINED-GLASS WINDOW,
1866
01:07:58,742 --> 01:08:00,174
A MARBLE FLOOR IN THE ENTRANCE
1867
01:08:00,243 --> 01:08:02,210
HALLS, AND ORNATE BRASSWORK
1868
01:08:02,212 --> 01:08:06,614
SPECIALLY MADE IN INDIA.
1869
01:08:06,682 --> 01:08:09,217
IT ALL COST TOO MUCH.
1870
01:08:09,285 --> 01:08:10,985
NEITHER HIS ROYALTIES NOR LIVY'S
1871
01:08:11,054 --> 01:08:12,887
INHERITANCE COULD PAY THE BILLS
1872
01:08:12,956 --> 01:08:16,223
THAT CONTINUED TO PILE UP.
1873
01:08:16,292 --> 01:08:18,426
AS A RESULT, TWAIN WAS FORCED TO
1874
01:08:18,494 --> 01:08:20,227
LEAVE HOME AND RETURN TO
1875
01:08:20,296 --> 01:08:22,664
THE ARDUOUS LECTURE CIRCUIT--
1876
01:08:22,732 --> 01:08:24,399
SOMETHING HE HAD HOPED HE WOULD
1877
01:08:24,467 --> 01:08:27,201
NOT HAVE TO DO AGAIN.
1878
01:08:27,269 --> 01:08:29,170
[TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS]
1879
01:08:37,180 --> 01:08:37,945
Man as Twain: "WORCESTER,
1880
01:08:38,013 --> 01:08:39,781
MASSACHUSETTS.
1881
01:08:39,850 --> 01:08:42,750
LIVY DARLING, I AM JUST IN FROM
1882
01:08:42,819 --> 01:08:45,486
THE LECTURE, JUST IN FROM
1883
01:08:45,555 --> 01:08:47,454
TALKING TO 1,700 OF
1884
01:08:47,523 --> 01:08:49,289
THE STAIDEST PURITANICAL
1885
01:08:49,358 --> 01:08:51,659
PEOPLE YOU EVER SAW,
1886
01:08:51,661 --> 01:08:53,027
ONE OF THE HARDEST GANGS TO
1887
01:08:53,095 --> 01:08:57,498
MOVE THAT EVER WAS.
1888
01:08:57,567 --> 01:08:58,899
I'M GOING TO BED.
1889
01:08:58,968 --> 01:09:01,435
I'M DISGUSTED.
1890
01:09:01,504 --> 01:09:04,338
I DO HATE LECTURING, AND I SHALL
1891
01:09:04,407 --> 01:09:05,707
TRY HARD TO HAVE AS LITTLE AS
1892
01:09:05,775 --> 01:09:10,444
POSSIBLE OF IT TO DO HEREAFTER."
1893
01:09:14,384 --> 01:09:16,217
"COLUMBUS, OHIO.
1894
01:09:16,286 --> 01:09:19,587
LIVY DARLING, RODE ALL DAY IN
1895
01:09:19,655 --> 01:09:21,822
A SMOKING CAR YESTERDAY,
1896
01:09:21,891 --> 01:09:24,259
STOPPING EVERY 30 YARDS.
1897
01:09:24,327 --> 01:09:25,726
ARRIVED HERE IN A RAINSTORM,
1898
01:09:25,795 --> 01:09:28,096
JUMPED INTO EVENING DRESS
1899
01:09:28,098 --> 01:09:30,331
IN A DESPERATE HURRY, AND CAME
1900
01:09:30,399 --> 01:09:32,166
BEFORE A FULL OPERA HOUSE OF
1901
01:09:32,234 --> 01:09:34,034
THE HANDSOMEST PEOPLE YOU EVER
1902
01:09:34,103 --> 01:09:36,704
SAW, AND MADE THEM SHOUT
1903
01:09:36,773 --> 01:09:38,706
AND TORE THEM ALL TO PIECES TILL
1904
01:09:38,775 --> 01:09:40,608
HALF PAST 10:00."
1905
01:09:40,777 --> 01:09:42,777
[APPLAUSE]
1906
01:09:48,618 --> 01:09:49,784
Narrator: BACK IN HARTFORD,
1907
01:09:49,853 --> 01:09:52,053
LIFE AS MRS. MARK TWAIN
1908
01:09:52,122 --> 01:09:56,123
WAS NEVER EASY.
1909
01:09:56,192 --> 01:09:58,459
LIVY CLEMENS REMAINED FRAGILE,
1910
01:09:58,528 --> 01:10:00,528
SUBJECT TO A HOST OF ILLNESSES
1911
01:10:00,697 --> 01:10:01,829
THAT KEPT HER IN BED FOR WEEKS
1912
01:10:01,898 --> 01:10:03,797
AT A TIME AND OFTEN LEFT ALONE
1913
01:10:03,866 --> 01:10:05,933
FOR MONTHS TO CARE FOR
1914
01:10:06,002 --> 01:10:08,569
THE CHILDREN.
1915
01:10:08,638 --> 01:10:09,403
Woman as Livy Clemens: "DEAR
1916
01:10:09,472 --> 01:10:10,972
MOTHER, I GET A LITTLE
1917
01:10:11,140 --> 01:10:12,440
HOMESICK TO SEE YOU ONCE IN
1918
01:10:12,509 --> 01:10:14,375
A WHILE.
1919
01:10:14,444 --> 01:10:15,843
TONIGHT I SHOULD LIKE TO PUT MY
1920
01:10:15,845 --> 01:10:18,212
HEAD IN YOUR LAP AND CRY JUST
1921
01:10:18,281 --> 01:10:19,814
A LITTLE BIT.
1922
01:10:19,883 --> 01:10:23,851
I WANT TO BE SOMEBODY'S BABY.
1923
01:10:23,920 --> 01:10:25,886
I HAVE SERVANTS TO MANAGE, I
1924
01:10:25,955 --> 01:10:27,855
HAVE A GLORIOUS HUSBAND TO TRY
1925
01:10:27,924 --> 01:10:30,024
AND BE A WOMAN FOR,
1926
01:10:30,193 --> 01:10:31,225
BUT SOMETIMES I WOULD LIKE TO
1927
01:10:31,294 --> 01:10:35,696
LIE DOWN AND GIVE IT ALL UP.
1928
01:10:35,765 --> 01:10:36,864
I FEEL SO INCOMPETENT FOR
1929
01:10:36,933 --> 01:10:38,932
EVERYTHING.
1930
01:10:39,001 --> 01:10:41,735
I COME SO VERY FAR SHORT, YET I
1931
01:10:41,804 --> 01:10:43,470
THINK I DO TRY EARNESTLY
1932
01:10:43,539 --> 01:10:47,241
EVERY DAY."
1933
01:10:47,310 --> 01:10:48,175
Narrator: WHEN HER HUSBAND
1934
01:10:48,244 --> 01:10:50,011
WAS HOME, HE EXPECTED
1935
01:10:50,179 --> 01:10:50,845
EVERYTHING TO REVOLVE
1936
01:10:51,014 --> 01:10:53,147
AROUND HIM.
1937
01:10:53,149 --> 01:10:54,281
HIS MOODS SHIFTED FROM MINUTE TO
1938
01:10:54,350 --> 01:10:55,949
MINUTE, AND HIS TEMPER WAS
1939
01:10:56,018 --> 01:10:58,152
VOLCANIC.
1940
01:10:58,220 --> 01:10:59,220
NEIGHBORS ONCE WATCHED IN
1941
01:10:59,222 --> 01:11:01,188
ASTONISHMENT AS ONE BY ONE, HE
1942
01:11:01,257 --> 01:11:02,690
HURLED HIS SHIRTS OUT A SECOND
1943
01:11:02,759 --> 01:11:04,625
FLOOR WINDOW BECAUSE HE HAD
1944
01:11:04,694 --> 01:11:08,762
FOUND ONE WITH A MISSING BUTTON.
1945
01:11:08,831 --> 01:11:09,630
John Boyer, historian: TWAIN HAD
1946
01:11:09,699 --> 01:11:11,432
HIS WEAKNESSES.
1947
01:11:11,501 --> 01:11:13,701
HIS PASSIONS, HIS ENERGIES, HIS
1948
01:11:13,770 --> 01:11:16,670
SENSE OF FAILURE, HIS ABILITY TO
1949
01:11:16,739 --> 01:11:18,773
DERIDE HIMSELF, AND HIS
1950
01:11:18,841 --> 01:11:20,107
FRUSTRATIONS WOULD SOMETIMES
1951
01:11:20,176 --> 01:11:22,509
COME OUT IN HIS VENTING WITH
1952
01:11:22,578 --> 01:11:24,979
LIVY, HIS DISTANCE FROM HIS
1953
01:11:25,048 --> 01:11:28,149
CHILDREN ON OCCASION.
1954
01:11:28,318 --> 01:11:29,884
IT WAS A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP,
1955
01:11:30,053 --> 01:11:32,487
TO BE SURE.
1956
01:11:43,933 --> 01:11:44,932
Narrator: THE HARTFORD HOUSE
1957
01:11:45,001 --> 01:11:46,767
MAY HAVE BEEN THE CLEMENS' HOME,
1958
01:11:46,836 --> 01:11:49,003
BUT EVERY SUMMER FOR 20 YEARS,
1959
01:11:49,172 --> 01:11:50,872
THEY PACKED UP AND MOVED BACK
1960
01:11:50,940 --> 01:11:52,973
TO ELMIRA, NEW YORK, TO BE WITH
1961
01:11:53,042 --> 01:11:55,709
LIVY'S SISTER, SUSAN CRANE, AT
1962
01:11:55,778 --> 01:11:57,645
HER COUNTRY PLACE CALLED
1963
01:11:57,814 --> 01:12:00,814
QUARRY FARM.
1964
01:12:00,883 --> 01:12:03,283
THE CHILDREN LOVED QUARRY FARM.
1965
01:12:03,352 --> 01:12:04,818
THERE WERE 12 CATS
1966
01:12:04,887 --> 01:12:06,620
AND A CONSTANTLY SHIFTING CAST
1967
01:12:06,689 --> 01:12:10,090
OF COUSINS TO PLAY WITH.
1968
01:12:10,159 --> 01:12:11,225
CLEMENS FOUND COMPANIONS
1969
01:12:11,294 --> 01:12:13,127
THERE, TOO.
1970
01:12:13,196 --> 01:12:15,796
JOHN T. LEWIS WAS A PIG FARMER,
1971
01:12:15,865 --> 01:12:17,264
A FREE-BORN AFRICAN-AMERICAN
1972
01:12:17,333 --> 01:12:19,033
FROM MARYLAND, WHO EARNED
1973
01:12:19,035 --> 01:12:20,735
CLEMENS' GRATITUDE FOR HAVING
1974
01:12:20,804 --> 01:12:22,537
STOPPED A RUNAWAY CARRIAGE
1975
01:12:22,605 --> 01:12:23,838
WHICH WOULD HAVE CARRIED HIS
1976
01:12:23,906 --> 01:12:25,372
SISTER-IN-LAW AND NIECE TO
1977
01:12:25,441 --> 01:12:27,842
CERTAIN DEATH.
1978
01:12:27,910 --> 01:12:29,610
THE TWO MEN SPENT TIME TOGETHER
1979
01:12:29,679 --> 01:12:30,577
WHENEVER CLEMENS WAS IN
1980
01:12:30,646 --> 01:12:32,847
RESIDENCE.
1981
01:12:32,915 --> 01:12:33,748
Russell Banks, writer: WHAT'S
1982
01:12:33,750 --> 01:12:35,216
UNUSUAL ABOUT TWAIN IS THAT AS
1983
01:12:35,284 --> 01:12:36,316
THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HIS LIFE
1984
01:12:36,385 --> 01:12:38,052
CHANGED, AS HE IN FACT GREW
1985
01:12:38,120 --> 01:12:40,654
OLDER, IN A WHITE, BOURGEOIS
1986
01:12:40,723 --> 01:12:42,924
WORLD, HE NEVER FORGOT
1987
01:12:42,992 --> 01:12:43,924
THAT BASIC FACT
1988
01:12:43,993 --> 01:12:45,592
WHICH CAME HOME TO HIM, I'M
1989
01:12:45,661 --> 01:12:46,794
SURE, YOU KNOW, IN HIS EARLY--
1990
01:12:46,863 --> 01:12:48,229
PREADOLESCENT AND ADOLESCENT
1991
01:12:48,297 --> 01:12:50,998
YEARS, THAT RACE IS A CENTRAL
1992
01:12:51,067 --> 01:12:54,701
FACT OF AMERICAN ONGOING
1993
01:12:54,770 --> 01:12:57,471
HISTORY.
1994
01:12:57,540 --> 01:12:58,271
Narrator: THE COOK AT
1995
01:12:58,340 --> 01:13:00,108
QUARRY FARM WAS AN EX-SLAVE
1996
01:13:00,276 --> 01:13:03,344
NAMED MARY ANN CORD.
1997
01:13:03,413 --> 01:13:06,480
ONE LATE AFTERNOON IN 1874, AS
1998
01:13:06,549 --> 01:13:08,148
SAM AND LIVY AND THE CHILDREN
1999
01:13:08,217 --> 01:13:10,484
LISTENED, SHE TOLD THEM HER LIFE
2000
01:13:10,553 --> 01:13:13,520
STORY.
2001
01:13:13,589 --> 01:13:15,222
TWAIN WAS SO MOVED BY THE WAY
2002
01:13:15,290 --> 01:13:17,458
MARY ANN CORD TOLD HER STORY
2003
01:13:17,627 --> 01:13:18,859
THAT HE SET OUT TO PUT IT DOWN
2004
01:13:18,928 --> 01:13:21,629
ON PAPER, CHANGING HER NAME TO
2005
01:13:21,697 --> 01:13:24,899
AUNT RACHEL.
2006
01:13:24,967 --> 01:13:26,100
Man as Twain: "IT WAS SUMMERTIME
2007
01:13:26,169 --> 01:13:28,035
AND TWILIGHT.
2008
01:13:28,103 --> 01:13:29,337
WE WERE SITTING ON A PORCH ON
2009
01:13:29,405 --> 01:13:31,038
THE FARMHOUSE, ON THE SUMMIT OF
2010
01:13:31,107 --> 01:13:33,441
THE HILL, AND AUNT RACHEL WAS
2011
01:13:33,509 --> 01:13:34,976
SITTING RESPECTFULLY BELOW OUR
2012
01:13:35,044 --> 01:13:37,611
LEVEL, ON THE STEPS, FOR SHE WAS
2013
01:13:37,680 --> 01:13:42,016
OUR SERVANT AND COLORED.
2014
01:13:42,084 --> 01:13:43,985
SHE WAS 60 YEARS OLD,
2015
01:13:44,053 --> 01:13:46,587
A CHEERFUL, HEARTY SOUL, AND IT
2016
01:13:46,655 --> 01:13:48,255
WAS NO MORE TROUBLE FOR HER TO
2017
01:13:48,324 --> 01:13:53,594
LAUGH THAN FOR A BIRD TO SING.
2018
01:13:53,663 --> 01:13:56,864
I ASKED HER, AUNT RACHEL, HOW
2019
01:13:56,932 --> 01:13:58,265
IS THAT YOU HAVE LIVED
2020
01:13:58,434 --> 01:14:01,102
60 YEARS WITHOUT TROUBLE?
2021
01:14:01,170 --> 01:14:03,770
SHE SAID, "MISTO CLEMENS, IS
2022
01:14:03,839 --> 01:14:05,973
YOU IN 'ARNEST?
2023
01:14:06,042 --> 01:14:08,643
WHY, I SAID, I THOUGHT--THAT
2024
01:14:08,812 --> 01:14:10,311
IS, I MEANT--WHY, YOU CAN'T
2025
01:14:10,380 --> 01:14:11,912
HAVE HAD ANY TROUBLE.
2026
01:14:11,981 --> 01:14:13,347
I NEVER HEARD YOU SIGH
2027
01:14:13,415 --> 01:14:14,581
AND NEVER SEEN YOUR EYE WHEN
2028
01:14:14,650 --> 01:14:17,919
THERE WASN'T A LAUGH IN IT.
2029
01:14:17,987 --> 01:14:20,454
SHE SAID, HAS I HAD ANY
2030
01:14:20,523 --> 01:14:22,289
TROUBLE?
2031
01:14:22,358 --> 01:14:24,458
MISTO CLEMENS, I'S GWYNE TO
2032
01:14:24,527 --> 01:14:26,694
TELL YOU, DEN I LEAVE IT TO
2033
01:14:26,762 --> 01:14:29,130
YOU.
2034
01:14:29,132 --> 01:14:31,098
I WAS BAWN DOWN AMONGST
2035
01:14:31,167 --> 01:14:36,303
DE SLAVES."
2036
01:14:36,372 --> 01:14:38,139
Narrator: MARY ANN CORD HAD BEEN
2037
01:14:38,308 --> 01:14:40,041
BORN A SLAVE IN VIRGINIA,
2038
01:14:40,109 --> 01:14:41,241
WHERE SHE MARRIED
2039
01:14:41,310 --> 01:14:44,812
AND GAVE BIRTH TO 7 CHILDREN.
2040
01:14:44,880 --> 01:14:47,515
THEN, IN 1852, HER FAMILY WAS
2041
01:14:47,583 --> 01:14:52,586
TORN APART.
2042
01:14:52,588 --> 01:14:53,487
Woman as Mary Ann Cord: "AN' DEY
2043
01:14:53,555 --> 01:14:55,022
SOLE MY OLE MAN,
2044
01:14:55,091 --> 01:14:56,657
AND TOOK HIM AWAY, AN' DEY BEGAN
2045
01:14:56,726 --> 01:14:58,793
TO SELL MY CHIL'EN AND TAKE DEM
2046
01:14:58,861 --> 01:15:02,997
AWAY, AN' I BEGIN TO CRY, AN' DE
2047
01:15:02,999 --> 01:15:04,865
MAN SAY, SHET UP YO' DAMN
2048
01:15:04,933 --> 01:15:07,267
BLUBBERIN, AN' HIT ME IN
2049
01:15:07,336 --> 01:15:11,839
DE MOUF WID HIS HAN.
2050
01:15:11,908 --> 01:15:13,474
AN' WHEN DE LAS' ONE WAS DONE
2051
01:15:13,543 --> 01:15:16,109
BUT MY LITTLE HENRY, I GRAB HIM
2052
01:15:16,178 --> 01:15:18,545
CLOST UP TO MY BREAS' AND I RIS
2053
01:15:18,614 --> 01:15:21,348
UP AN' SAYS, YOU SHAN'T TAKE
2054
01:15:21,416 --> 01:15:23,184
HIM AWAY.
2055
01:15:23,253 --> 01:15:24,952
I SAYS, I'LL KILL DE MAN DAT
2056
01:15:25,021 --> 01:15:27,821
TETCHES HIM!
2057
01:15:27,890 --> 01:15:29,189
BUT MY LITTLE HENRY WHISPER AN'
2058
01:15:29,258 --> 01:15:31,024
SAY, I GWYNE TO RUN AWAY
2059
01:15:31,093 --> 01:15:32,492
AND DEN I WORK AN' BUY YO
2060
01:15:32,561 --> 01:15:35,897
FREEDOM.
2061
01:15:35,965 --> 01:15:45,339
BUT DEY GOT HIM, DE MEN DID."
2062
01:15:45,408 --> 01:15:46,239
Narrator: SHE LOST TOUCH
2063
01:15:46,308 --> 01:15:47,241
WITH HER HUSBAND
2064
01:15:47,243 --> 01:15:52,146
AND ALL HER CHILDREN.
2065
01:15:52,214 --> 01:15:53,147
YEARS LATER DURING
2066
01:15:53,216 --> 01:15:55,015
THE CIVIL WAR, SHE WAS LIVING IN
2067
01:15:55,084 --> 01:15:57,651
NORTH CAROLINA WHEN BLACK TROOPS
2068
01:15:57,653 --> 01:15:59,319
FIGHTING FOR THE UNION OCCUPIED
2069
01:15:59,388 --> 01:16:01,088
HER OWNER'S PLANTATION AND ASKED
2070
01:16:01,157 --> 01:16:06,426
HER TO BRING THEM BREAKFAST.
2071
01:16:06,495 --> 01:16:07,261
Woman as Mary Ann Cord: "I WAS
2072
01:16:07,330 --> 01:16:08,929
STOOPING DOWN BY DE STOVE,
2073
01:16:08,998 --> 01:16:10,097
AN' I'D JIST GOT
2074
01:16:10,266 --> 01:16:11,532
DE PAN 'O HOT BISCUITS IN MY
2075
01:16:11,534 --> 01:16:13,200
HAN' AN WAS 'BOUT TO RAISE UP
2076
01:16:13,269 --> 01:16:14,735
WHEN I SEE A BLACK FACE COMIN'
2077
01:16:14,804 --> 01:16:17,270
AROUN' UNDER MINE AN DE EYES
2078
01:16:17,339 --> 01:16:20,474
LOOKIN' UP INTO MINE, AN I
2079
01:16:20,543 --> 01:16:22,876
JIST STOPPED RIGHT DAH AN' NEVER
2080
01:16:22,945 --> 01:16:24,378
BUDGED!
2081
01:16:24,447 --> 01:16:28,115
JIST GAZED AND GAZED, AN DE PAN
2082
01:16:28,184 --> 01:16:29,616
BEGIN TO TREMBLE, AN' ALL OF
2083
01:16:29,685 --> 01:16:33,954
A SUDDEN I KNOWED!
2084
01:16:38,027 --> 01:16:40,127
DE PAN DROPPED ON DE FLO' AN' I
2085
01:16:40,196 --> 01:16:41,262
GRAB HIS LEF' HAN' AN' SHOVE
2086
01:16:41,331 --> 01:16:43,630
BACK HIS SLEEVE AN' DEN I GOES
2087
01:16:43,699 --> 01:16:45,215
FOR HIS FOREHEAD AN' PUSH DE
2088
01:16:45,284 --> 01:16:49,703
HAIR SO, AN' BOY! I SAYS, IF
2089
01:16:49,772 --> 01:16:52,806
YOU AIN'T MY HENRY, WHAT IS YU
2090
01:16:52,875 --> 01:16:55,042
DOIN' WID DIS WELT ON YO WRIS'
2091
01:16:55,110 --> 01:16:58,879
AN' DAT SKY-AR ON YO' FOREHEA?
2092
01:16:58,948 --> 01:17:02,149
DE LORD GOD OH BE PRAISE, I GT
2093
01:17:02,318 --> 01:17:07,955
MY OWN AG'IN!
2094
01:17:08,023 --> 01:17:10,524
OH, NO, MISTER CLEMENS, I HAIN'T
2095
01:17:10,593 --> 01:17:13,094
HAD NO TROUBLE.
2096
01:17:13,096 --> 01:17:15,763
AN' NO JOY!"
2097
01:17:15,831 --> 01:17:16,596
Shelley Fisher Fishkin,
2098
01:17:16,665 --> 01:17:17,431
Twain scholar:
2099
01:17:17,500 --> 01:17:19,199
NOT ONLY DID HER STORY REMIND
2100
01:17:19,201 --> 01:17:22,502
TWAIN OF THE HORRORS OF SLAVERY,
2101
01:17:22,571 --> 01:17:25,038
OF THE TREMENDOUS TOLL IT TOOK
2102
01:17:25,107 --> 01:17:29,643
ON FAMILIES, ON THE WAY IN WHICH
2103
01:17:29,711 --> 01:17:32,012
IT DESTROYED FAMILIES AT A TIME
2104
01:17:32,080 --> 01:17:33,047
WHEN HE WAS SURROUNDED BY HIS
2105
01:17:33,116 --> 01:17:34,849
FAMILY AND VERY MUCH AWARE OF
2106
01:17:34,917 --> 01:17:36,650
HOW MUCH HE LOVED HIS CHILDREN
2107
01:17:36,719 --> 01:17:38,018
AND HOW DEVASTATING IT WOULD BE
2108
01:17:38,087 --> 01:17:39,119
TO BE SEPARATED FROM THOSE
2109
01:17:39,188 --> 01:17:41,755
CHILDREN.
2110
01:17:41,757 --> 01:17:43,390
I THINK HEARING MARY ANN CORD
2111
01:17:43,459 --> 01:17:45,959
TELL THAT STORY REMINDED TWAIN
2112
01:17:46,028 --> 01:17:48,829
OF HOW MUCH POWER A VERNACULAR
2113
01:17:48,897 --> 01:17:50,898
STORYTELLER COULD EXERCISE OVER
2114
01:17:50,966 --> 01:17:54,100
HIS OR HER LISTENERS.
2115
01:17:54,169 --> 01:17:55,369
Narrator: MARK TWAIN WROTE DOWN
2116
01:17:55,438 --> 01:17:57,437
MARY ANN CORD'S STORY PRECISELY
2117
01:17:57,506 --> 01:17:59,240
AS SHE HAD TOLD IT AND SENT IT
2118
01:17:59,308 --> 01:18:01,808
OFF TO WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS,
2119
01:18:01,877 --> 01:18:03,443
WITH A NOTE WARNING "IT HAS NO
2120
01:18:03,512 --> 01:18:05,445
HUMOR IN IT."
2121
01:18:05,514 --> 01:18:06,380
YOU CAN PAY AS LIGHTLY
2122
01:18:06,549 --> 01:18:07,881
AS YOU CHOOSE FOR THAT, IF YOU
2123
01:18:07,950 --> 01:18:09,716
WANT IT," HE ADDED, "FOR IT IS
2124
01:18:09,785 --> 01:18:13,053
RATHER OUT OF MY LINE."
2125
01:18:13,122 --> 01:18:15,656
TITLED A TRUE STORY, REPEATED
2126
01:18:15,725 --> 01:18:18,092
WORD FOR WORD AS I HEARD IT, T
2127
01:18:18,161 --> 01:18:19,860
MARKED HIS FIRST APPEARANCE IN
2128
01:18:19,929 --> 01:18:23,263
THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY.
2129
01:18:23,332 --> 01:18:24,398
THE SLAVEOWNER'S SON FROM
2130
01:18:24,466 --> 01:18:26,500
MISSOURI WAS DISCOVERING NEW
2131
01:18:26,569 --> 01:18:31,105
WAYS OF LOOKING AT THE WORLD.
2132
01:18:36,112 --> 01:18:37,778
THAT SAME SUMMER, HIS
2133
01:18:37,847 --> 01:18:39,914
SISTER-IN-LAW SURPRISED HIM WITH
2134
01:18:39,982 --> 01:18:43,684
A WRITING PLACE ALL HIS OWN.
2135
01:18:43,853 --> 01:18:44,718
Man as Twain: "IT IS
2136
01:18:44,787 --> 01:18:45,686
THE LOVELIEST STUDY
2137
01:18:45,755 --> 01:18:48,522
YOU EVER SAW, OCTAGONAL WITH
2138
01:18:48,591 --> 01:18:51,325
A PEAKED ROOF, EACH FACE FILLED
2139
01:18:51,394 --> 01:18:54,628
WITH A SPACIOUS WINDOW, PERCHED
2140
01:18:54,630 --> 01:18:56,997
IN COMPLETE ISOLATION ON THE TOP
2141
01:18:57,066 --> 01:18:58,899
OF AN ELEVATION THAT COMMANDS
2142
01:18:58,967 --> 01:19:00,867
LEAGUES OF VALLEY AND CITY
2143
01:19:00,936 --> 01:19:03,203
AND RETREATING RANGES OF DISTANT
2144
01:19:03,272 --> 01:19:06,673
BLUE HILLS.
2145
01:19:06,742 --> 01:19:09,142
IT IS A COZY NEST AND JUST ROOM
2146
01:19:09,211 --> 01:19:11,045
IN IT FOR A SOFA, TABLE,
2147
01:19:11,113 --> 01:19:14,181
AND 3 OR 4 CHAIRS.
2148
01:19:14,249 --> 01:19:15,382
AND WHEN THE STORMS
2149
01:19:15,450 --> 01:19:17,318
SWEEP DOWN THE REMOTE VALLEY
2150
01:19:17,386 --> 01:19:18,886
AND THE LIGHTNING FLASHES BEHIND
2151
01:19:18,955 --> 01:19:21,122
THE HILLS BEYOND AND THE RAIN
2152
01:19:21,190 --> 01:19:22,890
BEATS UPON THE ROOF OVER MY
2153
01:19:22,959 --> 01:19:28,929
HEAD, IMAGINE THE LUXURY OF IT."
2154
01:19:33,269 --> 01:19:33,767
Laura Skandera-Trombley,
2155
01:19:34,537 --> 01:19:35,870
HIS METHOD OF COMPOSITION IS,
2156
01:19:35,938 --> 01:19:37,971
HE WOULD TYPICALLY GO OFF FOR
2157
01:19:38,040 --> 01:19:41,241
THE DAY, WRITE A TEXT, COME
2158
01:19:41,310 --> 01:19:43,310
BACK, AND THEN THE FAMILY WOULD
2159
01:19:43,379 --> 01:19:45,512
GATHER AROUND HIM, AND THEY
2160
01:19:45,580 --> 01:19:48,415
WOULD ALL LISTEN TO HIM READ,
2161
01:19:48,484 --> 01:19:50,184
AND HE COULD INSTANTLY JUDGE HOW
2162
01:19:50,252 --> 01:19:52,586
EFFECTIVE HIS PROSE WAS SIMPLY
2163
01:19:52,655 --> 01:19:55,856
IN THEIR REACTIONS.
2164
01:19:55,925 --> 01:19:57,925
THE IMAGE THAT I HAVE OF WHAT IT
2165
01:19:57,927 --> 01:19:59,426
MUST HAVE BEEN LIKE FOR TWAIN
2166
01:19:59,495 --> 01:20:00,560
AND HIS FAMILY DURING THIS
2167
01:20:00,629 --> 01:20:02,362
20 SUMMERS THAT THEY SPENT AT
2168
01:20:02,431 --> 01:20:08,902
QUARRY FARM WAS OF A MAN WHO IS
2169
01:20:08,971 --> 01:20:10,137
ENJOYING THE HAPPIEST YEARS OF
2170
01:20:10,205 --> 01:20:11,738
HIS LIFE SURROUNDED BY
2171
01:20:11,807 --> 01:20:14,508
THE PEOPLE HE LOVED THE MOST,
2172
01:20:14,577 --> 01:20:17,978
IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE HE COULD
2173
01:20:18,047 --> 01:20:19,846
HAVE THE FREE RANGE OF HIS
2174
01:20:19,915 --> 01:20:22,782
IMAGINATION.
2175
01:20:26,322 --> 01:20:27,421
Narrator: HE SPENT EACH DAY
2176
01:20:27,423 --> 01:20:28,922
IN SPLENDID ISOLATION,
2177
01:20:28,991 --> 01:20:30,256
THE AIR THICK WITH
2178
01:20:30,325 --> 01:20:32,459
CIGAR SMOKE, HIS HAND RACING
2179
01:20:32,527 --> 01:20:37,264
ACROSS THE PAGE.
2180
01:20:37,333 --> 01:20:39,300
HERE, WORDS SEEMED TO COME TO
2181
01:20:39,368 --> 01:20:42,169
TWAIN AS THEY CAME NOWHERE ELSE,
2182
01:20:42,238 --> 01:20:43,670
AND HE WAS SUMMONING THEM UP
2183
01:20:43,739 --> 01:20:45,839
FROM 800 MILES AWAY AND 30 YEARS
2184
01:20:45,908 --> 01:20:48,275
BEFORE, FROM THE HANNIBAL OF HIS
2185
01:20:48,277 --> 01:20:50,977
BOYHOOD, WHEN, HE SAID, "ALL THE
2186
01:20:51,046 --> 01:20:52,846
SUMMER WORLD WAS BRIGHT
2187
01:20:52,915 --> 01:20:55,081
AND FRESH AND THE SUN ROSE
2188
01:20:55,150 --> 01:20:57,251
UPON A TRANQUIL WORLD AND BEAMED
2189
01:20:57,403 --> 01:21:02,155
DOWN LIKE A BENEDICTION."
2190
01:21:02,224 --> 01:21:03,290
Man as Twain: "THE FOUNTAINS OF
2191
01:21:03,359 --> 01:21:04,558
MY GREAT DEEP
2192
01:21:04,626 --> 01:21:06,560
ARE BROKEN UP, AND I HAVE
2193
01:21:06,629 --> 01:21:08,228
RAINED REMINISCENCES FOR
2194
01:21:08,297 --> 01:21:12,232
4 AND 20 HOURS.
2195
01:21:12,301 --> 01:21:14,801
THE OLD LIFE HAS SWEPT BEFORE ME
2196
01:21:14,870 --> 01:21:17,070
LIKE A PANORAMA.
2197
01:21:17,139 --> 01:21:19,272
THE OLD DAYS HAVE TROOPED BY IN
2198
01:21:19,341 --> 01:21:24,577
THEIR OLD GLORY AGAIN.
2199
01:21:24,646 --> 01:21:26,413
THE OLD FACES HAVE LOOKED OUT OF
2200
01:21:26,415 --> 01:21:28,849
THE MISTS OF THE PAST.
2201
01:21:28,917 --> 01:21:30,851
OLD FOOTSTEPS HAVE SOUNDED IN MY
2202
01:21:30,920 --> 01:21:35,089
LISTENING EARS.
2203
01:21:35,091 --> 01:21:37,958
OLD HANDS HAVE CLASPED MINE,
2204
01:21:38,027 --> 01:21:41,695
OLD VOICES HAVE GREETED ME,
2205
01:21:41,764 --> 01:21:43,831
AND THE SONGS I LOVED AGES
2206
01:21:43,899 --> 01:21:46,666
AND AGES AGO HAVE COME WAILING
2207
01:21:46,735 --> 01:21:52,406
DOWN THE CENTURIES!"
2208
01:21:52,474 --> 01:21:53,307
Narrator: OUT OF HIS FLOOD OF
2209
01:21:53,376 --> 01:21:56,610
MEMORIES, A NEW BOOK EMERGED.
2210
01:21:56,678 --> 01:21:58,145
THE PROTAGONIST WAS MORE OR LESS
2211
01:21:58,213 --> 01:22:00,314
BASED ON THE YOUNG SAM CLEMENS.
2212
01:22:00,382 --> 01:22:06,219
HIS NAME WAS TOM SAWYER.
2213
01:22:06,288 --> 01:22:07,988
BECKY THATCHER, THE BEAUTIFUL
2214
01:22:08,057 --> 01:22:10,424
OBJECT OF TOM'S AFFECTIONS, WAS
2215
01:22:10,493 --> 01:22:11,558
INSPIRED BY HIS BOYHOOD
2216
01:22:11,627 --> 01:22:15,295
NEIGHBOR, LAURA HAWKINS.
2217
01:22:15,364 --> 01:22:16,797
SAWYER'S RAFFISH FRIEND,
2218
01:22:16,865 --> 01:22:19,066
HUCKLEBERRY FINN, WAS MODELED ON
2219
01:22:19,134 --> 01:22:22,135
TOM BLANKENSHIP.
2220
01:22:22,204 --> 01:22:22,870
Jocelyn Chadwick, Twain scholar:
2221
01:22:22,938 --> 01:22:23,803
HE WEAVES US
2222
01:22:23,872 --> 01:22:26,006
IN WITH THE NARRATIVE--
2223
01:22:26,074 --> 01:22:26,874
"LOOK, I'M GONNA TELL YOU
2224
01:22:26,942 --> 01:22:29,542
A STORY."
2225
01:22:29,611 --> 01:22:31,578
HE GIVES US THESE SEEMINGLY--
2226
01:22:31,647 --> 01:22:34,047
THESE SEEMINGLY SIMPLE SENTENCES
2227
01:22:34,116 --> 01:22:35,849
BY THESE SEEMINGLY SIMPLE
2228
01:22:35,851 --> 01:22:39,920
PEOPLE, WHOM WE END UP TRUSTING,
2229
01:22:39,989 --> 01:22:40,987
JUST PUTTING OUR WHOLE SOUL
2230
01:22:41,056 --> 01:22:43,290
AND TRUST IN AND SAYING, "OK,
2231
01:22:43,359 --> 01:22:44,558
I'LL--I'LL BITE.
2232
01:22:44,626 --> 01:22:49,663
I'LL LISTEN TO THE STORY."
2233
01:22:49,731 --> 01:22:50,831
Narrator: THE ADVENTURES OF
2234
01:22:50,900 --> 01:22:52,332
TOM SAWYER,
2235
01:22:52,401 --> 01:22:54,067
FINISHED THE FOLLOWING SUMMER,
2236
01:22:54,136 --> 01:22:55,836
WAS "SIMPLY A HYMN," TWAIN
2237
01:22:55,904 --> 01:22:58,439
WROTE, "PUT INTO PROSE TO GIVE
2238
01:22:58,507 --> 01:23:02,710
IT A WORLDLY AIR."
2239
01:23:02,712 --> 01:23:04,078
IT WOULD BECOME THE BEST-LOVED
2240
01:23:04,146 --> 01:23:06,279
OF ALL TWAIN'S BOOKS,
2241
01:23:06,348 --> 01:23:07,947
A CELEBRATION OF A SMALL-TOWN
2242
01:23:08,016 --> 01:23:10,183
AMERICAN BOYHOOD IN WHICH
2243
01:23:10,252 --> 01:23:11,552
THE HERO SOLVES A MURDER
2244
01:23:11,620 --> 01:23:13,720
MYSTERY, MANAGES TO EAVESDROP ON
2245
01:23:13,788 --> 01:23:15,822
HIS OWN FUNERAL, AND TRICKS HIS
2246
01:23:15,891 --> 01:23:17,557
FRIENDS INTO PAINTING HIS
2247
01:23:17,626 --> 01:23:21,428
FENCES.
2248
01:23:21,496 --> 01:23:22,396
Man as Twain: "TOM RESUMED
2249
01:23:22,464 --> 01:23:23,563
HIS WHITEWASHING
2250
01:23:23,565 --> 01:23:25,899
AND ANSWERED CARELESSLY,
2251
01:23:25,968 --> 01:23:27,167
LIKE IT?
2252
01:23:27,235 --> 01:23:28,835
WELL, I DON'T SEE WHY I
2253
01:23:28,904 --> 01:23:30,170
OUGHTN'T TO LIKE IT.
2254
01:23:30,239 --> 01:23:31,538
DOES A BOY GET A CHANCE TO
2255
01:23:31,607 --> 01:23:34,607
WHITEWASH A FENCE EVERY DAY?
2256
01:23:34,676 --> 01:23:35,775
THAT PUT THE THING IN
2257
01:23:35,844 --> 01:23:37,444
A NEW LIGHT.
2258
01:23:37,446 --> 01:23:40,981
BEN STOPPED NIBBLING HIS APPLE.
2259
01:23:41,050 --> 01:23:43,217
TOM SWEPT HIS BRUSH DAINTILY
2260
01:23:43,285 --> 01:23:45,585
BACK AND FORTH, STEPPED BACK TO
2261
01:23:45,754 --> 01:23:47,086
NOTE THE EFFECT, ADDED A TOUCH
2262
01:23:47,155 --> 01:23:48,921
HERE AND THERE.
2263
01:23:48,990 --> 01:23:50,624
BEN WATCHING EVERY MOVE
2264
01:23:50,693 --> 01:23:52,192
AND GETTING MORE AND MORE
2265
01:23:52,194 --> 01:23:53,894
INTERESTED, MORE AND MORE
2266
01:23:53,896 --> 01:23:55,796
ABSORBED.
2267
01:23:55,864 --> 01:23:58,782
PRESENTLY HE SAID, SAY, TOM,
2268
01:23:58,851 --> 01:24:04,871
LET ME WHITEWASH A LITTLE."
2269
01:24:04,940 --> 01:24:05,705
Ron Powers, writer: I THINK
2270
01:24:05,774 --> 01:24:07,741
TOM SAWYER IS DURABLE
2271
01:24:07,809 --> 01:24:09,209
BECAUSE IT'S
2272
01:24:09,278 --> 01:24:11,178
THE NORMAN ROCKWELL VERSION OF
2273
01:24:11,247 --> 01:24:13,112
WHAT WE WOULD LIKE TO THINK
2274
01:24:13,181 --> 01:24:15,448
BOYHOOD IS.
2275
01:24:15,517 --> 01:24:17,234
TOM SAWYER GIVES US A VERY
2276
01:24:17,303 --> 01:24:20,153
MYTHIC AND VERY BENIGN VERSION
2277
01:24:20,222 --> 01:24:25,726
OF BOYHOOD.
2278
01:24:25,794 --> 01:24:27,827
AND IT IDENTIFIES BOYHOOD AS
2279
01:24:27,896 --> 01:24:30,029
A SPECIFIC TIME IN
2280
01:24:30,098 --> 01:24:33,867
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A PERSON.
2281
01:24:37,806 --> 01:24:38,472
Narrator: THE STORY OF
2282
01:24:38,641 --> 01:24:39,973
TOM SAWYER WOULD
2283
01:24:40,042 --> 01:24:41,641
ENCOURAGE TWAIN TO RETURN AGAIN
2284
01:24:41,643 --> 01:24:42,810
AND AGAIN TO THE SCENES OF HIS
2285
01:24:42,978 --> 01:24:45,445
YOUTH, FIRST IN A SERIES OF
2286
01:24:45,614 --> 01:24:47,080
MAGAZINE ARTICLES DRAWING UPON
2287
01:24:47,149 --> 01:24:48,681
HIS STEAMBOAT YEARS THAT
2288
01:24:48,750 --> 01:24:51,118
EVENTUALLY BECAME ANOTHER BOOK,
2289
01:24:51,186 --> 01:24:55,155
LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI.
2290
01:24:55,224 --> 01:24:55,856
AFTER READING THE FIRST
2291
01:24:56,024 --> 01:24:56,990
INSTALLMENT,
2292
01:24:57,059 --> 01:24:58,124
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS
2293
01:24:58,126 --> 01:24:59,793
TOLD HIM, "THE PIECE ABOUT
2294
01:24:59,862 --> 01:25:01,895
THE MISSISSIPPI IS CAPITAL.
2295
01:25:02,064 --> 01:25:03,429
IT ALMOST MADE THE WATER IN OUR
2296
01:25:03,498 --> 01:25:06,233
ICE PITCHER MUDDY."
2297
01:25:06,402 --> 01:25:09,602
TWAIN'S PAST NOW SEEMED
2298
01:25:09,671 --> 01:25:11,003
AN INEXHAUSTIBLE SOURCE OF
2299
01:25:11,072 --> 01:25:12,972
INSPIRATION FOR HIM.
2300
01:25:13,041 --> 01:25:14,208
"WHEN THE TANK RUNS DRY,"
2301
01:25:14,276 --> 01:25:16,243
HE SAID, "YOU'VE ONLY TO LEAVE
2302
01:25:16,312 --> 01:25:18,678
IT ALONE, AND IT WILL FILL UP
2303
01:25:18,747 --> 01:25:21,431
AGAIN IN TIME."
2304
01:25:31,510 --> 01:25:32,376
Ron Powers, writer: MARK TWAIN
2305
01:25:32,378 --> 01:25:34,578
WAS A PHENOMENAL WRITER.
2306
01:25:34,646 --> 01:25:36,180
ON THE ONE HAND, HE GENERATED
2307
01:25:36,348 --> 01:25:38,548
OCEANS AND OCEANS OF COPY,
2308
01:25:38,617 --> 01:25:39,917
WRITING IN LONGHAND MOST OF
2309
01:25:39,986 --> 01:25:41,285
THE TIME--
2310
01:25:41,354 --> 01:25:42,986
WRITING LEFT-HANDED WHEN HIS ARM
2311
01:25:43,055 --> 01:25:44,387
WAS TOO ARTHRITIC--
2312
01:25:44,456 --> 01:25:48,058
SO THE PAGES FLEW FROM HIS PEN.
2313
01:25:48,127 --> 01:25:49,193
AT THE SAME TIME, HE WAS
2314
01:25:49,361 --> 01:25:50,928
A METICULOUS CRAFTSMAN OF
2315
01:25:51,096 --> 01:25:52,830
SENTENCES, AND I THINK THIS WENT
2316
01:25:52,899 --> 01:25:54,665
BACK TO HIS TYPESETTING DAYS
2317
01:25:54,734 --> 01:25:55,799
WHEN HE, AS A BOY, HE LITERALLY
2318
01:25:55,868 --> 01:25:57,801
SET WORDS IN TYPE AND PUT HIS
2319
01:25:57,870 --> 01:26:01,605
FINGERS ON THOSE CHARACTERS.
2320
01:26:01,674 --> 01:26:03,307
HE PARED DOWN THE ENGLISH
2321
01:26:03,375 --> 01:26:04,775
LANGUAGE.
2322
01:26:04,944 --> 01:26:06,777
HE WAS THE FIRST TO REALLY STRIP
2323
01:26:06,845 --> 01:26:09,513
IT OF ITS ORNAMENTATION,
2324
01:26:09,582 --> 01:26:11,414
AND HE REALLY GOT THE TERSE
2325
01:26:11,483 --> 01:26:16,353
RHYTHMS OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE.
2326
01:26:16,422 --> 01:26:17,187
Narrator: "THE DIFFERENCE
2327
01:26:17,255 --> 01:26:18,589
BETWEEN THE RIGHT WORD
2328
01:26:18,658 --> 01:26:20,758
AND ALMOST THE RIGHT WORD,"
2329
01:26:20,826 --> 01:26:22,393
TWAIN ONCE SAID,
2330
01:26:22,461 --> 01:26:24,261
"IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
2331
01:26:24,330 --> 01:26:26,130
LIGHTNING AND THE LIGHTNING
2332
01:26:26,132 --> 01:26:29,366
BUG."
2333
01:26:29,435 --> 01:26:30,200
Arthur Miller, playwright:
2334
01:26:30,268 --> 01:26:32,435
HE WAS CHISELING IT OUT.
2335
01:26:32,504 --> 01:26:33,737
HE MADE IT SEEM LIKE
2336
01:26:33,806 --> 01:26:35,739
AN EFFUSION, LIKE IT WAS JUST
2337
01:26:35,807 --> 01:26:37,274
DRIPPING OFF OF HIM, LIKE
2338
01:26:37,343 --> 01:26:39,375
A SHOWER BATH,
2339
01:26:39,444 --> 01:26:41,678
BUT YOU READ ANY PAGE OF HIS,
2340
01:26:41,747 --> 01:26:44,348
AND YOU KNOW THAT THERE'S A POET
2341
01:26:44,417 --> 01:26:47,484
WHO'S CRAFTING ALL THOSE LINES.
2342
01:26:47,553 --> 01:26:48,652
YOU KNOW, IT'S HARD TO IMPROVE
2343
01:26:48,720 --> 01:26:51,588
ON ANY OF HIS LINES.
2344
01:26:51,657 --> 01:26:52,455
Narrator: THE 10 YEARS THAT
2345
01:26:52,524 --> 01:26:53,824
FOLLOWED MARK TWAIN'S MOVE
2346
01:26:53,893 --> 01:26:54,925
TO HARTFORD
2347
01:26:54,993 --> 01:26:56,459
WERE THE MOST PRODUCTIVE OF HIS
2348
01:26:56,528 --> 01:26:58,195
CREATIVE LIFE.
2349
01:26:58,264 --> 01:27:00,263
IN ADDITION TO TOM SAWYER
2350
01:27:00,332 --> 01:27:02,232
AND LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI,
2351
01:27:02,301 --> 01:27:03,466
HE PRODUCED STILL ANOTHER BOOK
2352
01:27:03,535 --> 01:27:05,401
OF TRAVEL PIECES CALLED
2353
01:27:05,470 --> 01:27:07,504
A TRAMP ABROAD,
2354
01:27:07,572 --> 01:27:10,708
AND IN 1881 HE MADE A BID FOR
2355
01:27:10,877 --> 01:27:12,075
THE KIND OF LITERARY
2356
01:27:12,144 --> 01:27:14,044
RESPECTABILITY THAT HAD ALWAYS
2357
01:27:14,113 --> 01:27:16,380
BEEN DENIED HIM BY PUBLISHING
2358
01:27:16,449 --> 01:27:18,214
A CHILDREN'S BOOK SET IN
2359
01:27:18,283 --> 01:27:20,184
TUDOR ENGLAND, CALLED
2360
01:27:20,253 --> 01:27:23,220
THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER.
2361
01:27:23,288 --> 01:27:25,989
CONVENTIONAL CRITICS LOVED IT.
2362
01:27:26,058 --> 01:27:27,224
ITS LANGUAGE WAS "PURE," THEY
2363
01:27:27,393 --> 01:27:33,930
SAID, "REFINED," "ENNOBLING."
2364
01:27:33,999 --> 01:27:35,665
DURING THOSE SAME 10 YEARS,
2365
01:27:35,734 --> 01:27:38,969
BETWEEN 1874 AND 1884,
2366
01:27:39,037 --> 01:27:40,170
THOMAS HARDY PUBLISHED
2367
01:27:40,239 --> 01:27:41,838
RETURN OF THE NATIVE,
2368
01:27:41,907 --> 01:27:43,340
DOSTOYEVSKY WROTE
2369
01:27:43,409 --> 01:27:45,609
THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV,
2370
01:27:45,678 --> 01:27:46,676
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S
2371
01:27:46,745 --> 01:27:48,612
TREASURE ISLAND APPEARED,
2372
01:27:48,680 --> 01:27:50,280
HENRY JAMES PRODUCED
2373
01:27:50,349 --> 01:27:53,917
PORTRAIT OF A LADY.
2374
01:27:53,985 --> 01:27:55,585
MEANWHILE, TWAIN HAD BEGUN
2375
01:27:55,654 --> 01:27:57,721
ANOTHER BOOK DRAWN FROM MEMORIES
2376
01:27:57,789 --> 01:27:59,807
OF HIS OWN CHILDHOOD.
2377
01:27:59,809 --> 01:28:02,292
"I LIKE IT ONLY TOLERABLY WELL,
2378
01:28:02,361 --> 01:28:03,894
AS FAR AS I'VE GOT," HE TOLD
2379
01:28:03,962 --> 01:28:05,529
HOWELLS AFTER WRITING THE FIRST
2380
01:28:05,597 --> 01:28:08,398
400 MANUSCRIPT PAGES, "AND MAY
2381
01:28:08,467 --> 01:28:10,433
POSSIBLY PIGEONHOLE IT OR BURN
2382
01:28:10,502 --> 01:28:12,836
IT."
2383
01:28:12,838 --> 01:28:14,571
HE OFTEN PUT IT ASIDE FOR OTHER
2384
01:28:14,640 --> 01:28:18,842
THINGS DURING THE NEXT 7 YEARS.
2385
01:28:18,911 --> 01:28:19,510
Shelley Fisher Fishkin,
2386
01:28:19,578 --> 01:28:20,076
Twain scholar:
2387
01:28:20,145 --> 01:28:21,744
I THINK TWAIN BEGAN IT AS
2388
01:28:21,813 --> 01:28:24,047
A SEQUEL TO TOM SAWYER, WHICH
2389
01:28:24,116 --> 01:28:26,984
WAS A BOY'S BOOK...
2390
01:28:27,053 --> 01:28:27,918
BUT THE BOOK WAS QUICKLY
2391
01:28:28,087 --> 01:28:30,154
HIJACKED AND BECAME SOMETHING
2392
01:28:30,222 --> 01:28:33,356
VERY DIFFERENT.
2393
01:28:33,425 --> 01:28:34,358
Hal Holbrook, actor: LINCOLN
2394
01:28:34,426 --> 01:28:35,358
DECLARED
2395
01:28:35,427 --> 01:28:37,961
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION TO
2396
01:28:38,030 --> 01:28:40,496
TRY TO IDEALIZE THE STRUGGLE OF
2397
01:28:40,565 --> 01:28:43,099
THE NORTH AGAINST THE SOUTH,
2398
01:28:43,168 --> 01:28:47,704
AND THEN IN 1876, RECONSTRUCTION
2399
01:28:47,772 --> 01:28:53,077
DIED, THE KU KLUX KLAN CAME OUT,
2400
01:28:53,245 --> 01:28:55,578
AND HUCKLEBERRY FINN, THE BOOK,
2401
01:28:55,647 --> 01:28:57,347
BEGAN.
2402
01:28:57,416 --> 01:28:59,082
INTERESTING.
2403
01:28:59,151 --> 01:29:00,584
HE STARTED TO WRITE THIS THING,
2404
01:29:00,586 --> 01:29:04,021
AND HE MUST HAVE RUN INTO
2405
01:29:04,090 --> 01:29:06,090
DIFFICULTY.
2406
01:29:06,258 --> 01:29:10,226
INTERESTING...
2407
01:29:10,295 --> 01:29:13,596
AND THEN HE STOPS THE BOOK.
2408
01:29:13,665 --> 01:29:19,769
HE PUT IT ASIDE FOR 5 YEARS.
2409
01:29:19,838 --> 01:29:24,308
THEN, IN APRIL 1882, HE DECIDES
2410
01:29:24,477 --> 01:29:26,743
TO GO DOWN THE RIVER TO
2411
01:29:26,811 --> 01:29:29,846
NEW ORLEANS ON A STEAMBOAT
2412
01:29:29,915 --> 01:29:31,147
AND WRITE A BOOK CALLED
2413
01:29:31,216 --> 01:29:32,616
LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI,
2414
01:29:32,684 --> 01:29:36,153
NOT HUCKLEBERRY FINN.
2415
01:29:36,155 --> 01:29:37,954
IN MAY, HE TURNS AROUND, HE
2416
01:29:38,023 --> 01:29:41,691
STARTS BACK UP THE RIVER AGAIN,
2417
01:29:41,860 --> 01:29:44,762
ALL THE WAY TO MINNESOTA,
2418
01:29:44,830 --> 01:29:46,530
AND THEN, AT THE TAG END OF
2419
01:29:46,599 --> 01:29:47,931
THAT, HE GOES BACK AND VISITS
2420
01:29:48,000 --> 01:29:50,734
HANNIBAL AGAIN...
2421
01:29:50,803 --> 01:29:52,536
AND THE NEXT MONTH, WHAT DOES HE
2422
01:29:52,605 --> 01:29:54,337
DO?
2423
01:29:54,406 --> 01:29:58,075
HE PICKS UP HUCKLEBERRY FINN.
2424
01:29:58,144 --> 01:30:01,177
WHAT DOES THAT SAY TO YOU?
2425
01:30:01,246 --> 01:30:02,378
WHAT DID HE SEE GOING DOWN THAT
2426
01:30:02,447 --> 01:30:03,880
RIVER?
2427
01:30:03,949 --> 01:30:04,948
HE'D BEEN OFF THAT RIVER FOR
2428
01:30:05,017 --> 01:30:08,552
20 YEARS...
2429
01:30:08,721 --> 01:30:11,054
SINCE BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR.
2430
01:30:11,123 --> 01:30:11,988
WHAT DO YOU THINK HE WAS LOOKING
2431
01:30:12,057 --> 01:30:13,456
AT?
2432
01:30:13,525 --> 01:30:16,993
HE WAS LOOKING AT THE HORRIBLE
2433
01:30:17,062 --> 01:30:24,868
FAILURE OF FREEING THE SLAVE.
2434
01:30:24,936 --> 01:30:26,136
Narrator: BACK AT QUARRY FARM IN
2435
01:30:26,205 --> 01:30:28,505
THE SUMMER OF 1883, TWAIN
2436
01:30:28,674 --> 01:30:30,240
RETURNED WITH RENEWED EAGERNESS
2437
01:30:30,409 --> 01:30:34,544
TO THE MANUSCRIPT.
2438
01:30:34,613 --> 01:30:35,979
IT WAS A VERY DIFFERENT KIND OF
2439
01:30:36,048 --> 01:30:38,481
STORY, TOLD IN THE PLAIN
2440
01:30:38,550 --> 01:30:39,449
LANGUAGE OF HIS MISSOURI
2441
01:30:39,518 --> 01:30:42,786
BOYHOOD.
2442
01:30:42,855 --> 01:30:46,723
IT WOULD BE HIS MASTERPIECE.
2443
01:30:46,892 --> 01:30:48,492
Ron Powers, writer: I THINK THAT
2444
01:30:48,660 --> 01:30:50,160
SAM CLEMENS AND MARK TWAIN
2445
01:30:50,229 --> 01:30:50,994
WERE A KIND OF
2446
01:30:51,063 --> 01:30:53,363
DIALECTIC WITH ONE ANOTHER.
2447
01:30:53,432 --> 01:30:55,132
IT'S ALMOST LIKE HAVING A PUPPET
2448
01:30:55,200 --> 01:30:57,634
THAT YOU CAN INVOKE AND TALK TO,
2449
01:30:57,702 --> 01:30:58,702
AND WHEN YOU TALK TO THIS
2450
01:30:58,770 --> 01:31:01,004
ALTER EGO, AN ENERGY COMES UP
2451
01:31:01,073 --> 01:31:04,074
THAT WASN'T THERE BEFORE.
2452
01:31:04,243 --> 01:31:06,510
SAM CLEMENS WAS A CAUTIOUS,
2453
01:31:06,578 --> 01:31:09,679
BOURGEOIS, UPWARDLY STRIVING
2454
01:31:09,748 --> 01:31:11,915
GENTLEMAN WHO WAS ON THE WAY UP
2455
01:31:12,084 --> 01:31:12,648
FROM THE MIDWEST INTO
2456
01:31:12,717 --> 01:31:15,051
THE SALONS OF THE EAST.
2457
01:31:15,120 --> 01:31:17,254
MARK TWAIN WAS AN UNTAMEABLE
2458
01:31:17,322 --> 01:31:19,423
ROGUE, A KIND OF BARELY
2459
01:31:19,491 --> 01:31:22,559
RESTRAINABLE ID, A GREAT, DARK
2460
01:31:22,627 --> 01:31:24,828
SPIRIT THAT SAM COULD LET OUT
2461
01:31:24,897 --> 01:31:26,263
OF THE BOTTLE SOMETIMES,
2462
01:31:26,331 --> 01:31:28,064
AND SOMETIMES MARK TWAIN GOT OUT
2463
01:31:28,133 --> 01:31:31,135
WHEN SAM LEAST EXPECTED IT.
2464
01:31:31,203 --> 01:31:32,336
I DON'T THINK HE REALLY
2465
01:31:32,404 --> 01:31:34,104
UNDERSTOOD AS HE WAS WRITING
2466
01:31:34,106 --> 01:31:35,605
HUCKLEBERRY FINN WHAT
2467
01:31:35,674 --> 01:31:37,006
AN INSURRECTIONARY
2468
01:31:37,075 --> 01:31:39,142
AND SUBVERSIVE AND COMPLETELY
2469
01:31:39,210 --> 01:31:42,779
REVOLUTIONARY BOOK THAT WAS.
2470
01:31:42,781 --> 01:31:43,580
Hamlin Hill, Twain scholar:
2471
01:31:43,649 --> 01:31:44,414
WITH ADVENTURES
2472
01:31:44,483 --> 01:31:45,382
OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN,
2473
01:31:45,451 --> 01:31:47,016
MARK TWAIN LIBERATED AMERICAN
2474
01:31:47,085 --> 01:31:48,852
LITERATURE.
2475
01:31:48,854 --> 01:31:52,823
HE CUT IT LOOSE FROM ANY OF
2476
01:31:52,891 --> 01:31:54,958
THE RESTRICTIONS AND BOUNDS OF
2477
01:31:55,027 --> 01:31:58,094
PROPRIETY, OF PROPER GRAMMAR,
2478
01:31:58,163 --> 01:32:03,066
OF DIGNIFIED, ELEGANT SPEECH.
2479
01:32:03,235 --> 01:32:04,467
HUCKLEBERRY FINN DOESN'T TALK
2480
01:32:04,536 --> 01:32:06,270
LIKE AHAB, AND HE DOESN'T TALK
2481
01:32:06,338 --> 01:32:07,871
LIKE HESTER
2482
01:32:07,940 --> 01:32:09,840
OR ARTHUR DIMMESDALE,
2483
01:32:09,908 --> 01:32:11,475
AND MARK TWAIN DOESN'T APOLOGIZE
2484
01:32:11,543 --> 01:32:12,508
FOR HIM.
2485
01:32:12,577 --> 01:32:13,477
YOU DON'T HEAR MARK TWAIN'S
2486
01:32:13,646 --> 01:32:16,580
VOICE AT ALL.
2487
01:32:16,648 --> 01:32:17,814
HE NARRATES
2488
01:32:17,983 --> 01:32:19,849
THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER,
2489
01:32:19,918 --> 01:32:22,319
BUT HE LETS HUCK, THIS VULGAR,
2490
01:32:22,387 --> 01:32:23,887
ILLITERATE, UNEDUCATED LITTLE
2491
01:32:24,056 --> 01:32:26,723
RIVER RAT, JUVENILE DELINQUENT
2492
01:32:26,792 --> 01:32:28,825
TELL HIS WHOLE STORY WITHOUT
2493
01:32:28,893 --> 01:32:32,028
AN APOLOGY OF ANY SORT,
2494
01:32:32,097 --> 01:32:35,799
AND THAT, AS HEMINGWAY SAID,
2495
01:32:35,868 --> 01:32:37,734
THAT REALLY WAS THE BEGINNING OF
2496
01:32:37,803 --> 01:32:40,303
AMERICAN LITERATURE.
2497
01:32:40,372 --> 01:32:41,571
Ron Powers, writer: BUT IT
2498
01:32:41,640 --> 01:32:43,406
STARTED WITH THE VOICE.
2499
01:32:43,475 --> 01:32:45,609
IT STARTED WITH HUCK'S VOICE.
2500
01:32:45,777 --> 01:32:47,010
"YOU DON'T KNOW ME, WITHOUT YOU
2501
01:32:47,079 --> 01:32:47,944
HAVE READ A BOOK BY
2502
01:32:48,013 --> 01:32:49,279
MR. SAM CLEMENS CALLED
2503
01:32:49,348 --> 01:32:51,681
THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER."
2504
01:32:51,850 --> 01:32:54,050
ONCE THOSE RHYTHMS KICKED IN,
2505
01:32:54,119 --> 01:32:55,952
THE PUPPET WAS THERE.
2506
01:32:56,021 --> 01:32:57,988
THE ALTER EGO WAS THERE, AND HE
2507
01:32:58,056 --> 01:33:02,359
COULD TAP INTO THAT ENERGY.
2508
01:33:02,428 --> 01:33:03,427
Man as Twain: "YOU DON'T KNOW
2509
01:33:03,495 --> 01:33:04,460
ABOUT ME,
2510
01:33:04,529 --> 01:33:06,129
WITHOUT YOU HAVE READ A BOOK BY
2511
01:33:06,197 --> 01:33:07,431
THE NAME OF
2512
01:33:07,499 --> 01:33:10,299
THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER,
2513
01:33:10,368 --> 01:33:12,168
BUT THAT AIN'T NO MATTER.
2514
01:33:12,237 --> 01:33:13,703
THAT BOOK WAS MADE BY
2515
01:33:13,771 --> 01:33:15,939
MR. MARK TWAIN, AND HE TOLD
2516
01:33:16,108 --> 01:33:18,775
THE TRUTH, MAINLY.
2517
01:33:18,844 --> 01:33:20,444
THERE WAS THINGS WHICH HE
2518
01:33:20,512 --> 01:33:23,246
STRETCHED, BUT MAINLY HE TOLD
2519
01:33:23,314 --> 01:33:24,947
THE TRUTH..."
2520
01:33:28,787 --> 01:33:29,786
Narrator: SET BEFORE
2521
01:33:29,855 --> 01:33:30,954
THE CIVIL WAR
2522
01:33:31,022 --> 01:33:32,989
AND BEFORE EMANCIPATION,
2523
01:33:33,058 --> 01:33:35,025
ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN
2524
01:33:35,194 --> 01:33:37,361
IS THE STORY OF TWO RUNAWAYS--
2525
01:33:37,429 --> 01:33:38,862
A WHITE BOY,
2526
01:33:38,930 --> 01:33:39,662
TOM'S OLD FRIEND
2527
01:33:39,731 --> 01:33:41,265
HUCKLEBERRY FINN, FLEEING
2528
01:33:41,333 --> 01:33:44,301
CIVILIZATION, AND A BLACK MAN,
2529
01:33:44,369 --> 01:33:47,170
JIM, WHO IS RUNNING AWAY FROM
2530
01:33:47,339 --> 01:33:49,472
SLAVERY.
2531
01:33:55,147 --> 01:33:55,712
Jocelyn Chadwick, Twain scholar:
2532
01:33:55,781 --> 01:33:57,814
IT'S ALL IN DIALECT,
2533
01:33:57,883 --> 01:33:59,516
IT'S ALL TOLD FROM THE SOUTHERN
2534
01:33:59,585 --> 01:34:01,918
PERSPECTIVE, AND IT WOULD TAKE
2535
01:34:02,087 --> 01:34:03,320
A SOUTHERN WRITER WHOSE
2536
01:34:03,389 --> 01:34:06,055
PERSPECTIVE HAS SHIFTED.
2537
01:34:06,124 --> 01:34:07,391
A NORTHERNER COULD NOT HAVE
2538
01:34:07,459 --> 01:34:09,092
WRITTEN HUCK FINN FOR THE VERY
2539
01:34:09,161 --> 01:34:11,694
REASON THAT YOU WOULD HAVE TO
2540
01:34:11,763 --> 01:34:13,963
UNDERSTAND SLAVERY AS THAT
2541
01:34:14,032 --> 01:34:16,232
PECULIAR INSTITUTION, AND YOU
2542
01:34:16,301 --> 01:34:18,034
WOULD HAVE TO BE ABLE TO RENDER
2543
01:34:18,103 --> 01:34:20,670
IT IN SUCH A WAY AS TO BE
2544
01:34:20,739 --> 01:34:23,940
BELIEVABLE.
2545
01:34:24,009 --> 01:34:25,908
HE DEMYSTIFIES IT, HE
2546
01:34:25,977 --> 01:34:28,645
DEMYTHOLOGIZES IT, HE TAKES
2547
01:34:28,713 --> 01:34:31,614
THE ROMANTICISM AWAY FROM IT.
2548
01:34:31,683 --> 01:34:32,816
I THINK LANGSTON HUGHES SAID IT
2549
01:34:32,885 --> 01:34:35,218
BEST WHEN HE SAID THAT THIS IS
2550
01:34:35,287 --> 01:34:37,320
THE FIRST TIME WE HAVE HAD
2551
01:34:37,388 --> 01:34:39,522
A REALISTIC DEPICTION OF
2552
01:34:39,591 --> 01:34:41,357
AN UNLETTERED SLAVE CLINGING TO
2553
01:34:41,426 --> 01:34:43,159
THE HOPE OF FREEDOM.
2554
01:34:43,228 --> 01:34:45,962
THAT'S WHAT WE HAVE IN JIM.
2555
01:34:46,031 --> 01:34:47,230
Dick Gregory, comedian: BUT
2556
01:34:47,299 --> 01:34:48,631
HERE'S A MAN THAT CAME OUT
2557
01:34:48,700 --> 01:34:53,303
AND PUT A FACE ON BLACK FOLKS.
2558
01:34:53,372 --> 01:34:55,171
THE WORD "NIGGER," UP UNTIL HE
2559
01:34:55,240 --> 01:34:56,606
CAME THROUGH, MEANT
2560
01:34:56,775 --> 01:35:00,210
A NON-PERSON, A PRODUCT, UH,
2561
01:35:00,278 --> 01:35:02,946
SOMEBODY ELSE'S GOODS, SO NO ONE
2562
01:35:03,015 --> 01:35:05,181
EVER HAD TO LISTEN TO
2563
01:35:05,250 --> 01:35:08,351
A CONVERSATION FROM A BLACK
2564
01:35:08,420 --> 01:35:11,321
PERSON, AND SO, MARK TWAIN WAS
2565
01:35:11,490 --> 01:35:14,391
ABLE TO COME THROUGH AND SAY,
2566
01:35:14,460 --> 01:35:15,992
"HERE'S NIGGER JIM.
2567
01:35:16,061 --> 01:35:18,561
HERE'S A STORY," AND HE TOOK
2568
01:35:18,630 --> 01:35:21,498
A BLACK PERSON AND MADE THEM
2569
01:35:21,567 --> 01:35:27,204
A HUMAN BEING.
2570
01:35:27,272 --> 01:35:28,371
Narrator: TOGETHER,
2571
01:35:28,373 --> 01:35:29,272
JIM AND HUCK DRIFT
2572
01:35:29,340 --> 01:35:31,774
DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI ON A RAFT,
2573
01:35:31,843 --> 01:35:33,176
ENCOUNTERING ALL MANNER OF
2574
01:35:33,244 --> 01:35:35,578
PEOPLE AND PLACES, AND GETTING
2575
01:35:35,647 --> 01:35:38,181
TO KNOW ONE ANOTHER.
2576
01:35:42,187 --> 01:35:43,286
Man as Twain: "THIS NIGHT WE RUN
2577
01:35:43,355 --> 01:35:45,722
BETWEEN 7 AND 8 HOURS,
2578
01:35:45,724 --> 01:35:46,623
WITH A CURRENT THAT
2579
01:35:46,691 --> 01:35:50,093
WAS MAKING OVER 4 MILE AN HOUR.
2580
01:35:50,161 --> 01:35:52,662
WE CATCHED FISH AND TALKED,
2581
01:35:52,664 --> 01:35:54,097
AND WE TOOK A SWIM NOW AND THEN
2582
01:35:54,165 --> 01:35:59,068
TO KEEP OFF SLEEPINESS.
2583
01:35:59,237 --> 01:36:01,003
IT WAS KIND OF SOLEMN, DRIFTING
2584
01:36:01,072 --> 01:36:03,606
DOWN THE BIG, STILL RIVER,
2585
01:36:03,675 --> 01:36:05,074
LAYING ON OUR BACKS, LOOKING UP
2586
01:36:05,143 --> 01:36:09,212
AT THE STARS...
2587
01:36:09,281 --> 01:36:10,580
AND WE DIDN'T EVER FEEL LIKE
2588
01:36:10,648 --> 01:36:12,715
TALKING LOUD, AND IT WARN'T
2589
01:36:12,784 --> 01:36:15,218
OFTEN THAT WE LAUGHED--
2590
01:36:15,220 --> 01:36:16,920
ONLY A LITTLE KIND OF LOW
2591
01:36:16,989 --> 01:36:19,722
CHUCKLE."
2592
01:36:19,791 --> 01:36:20,590
William Styron, writer: I THINK
2593
01:36:20,659 --> 01:36:21,424
THERE IS SOMETHING SO
2594
01:36:21,492 --> 01:36:24,527
IRRESISTIBLE ABOUT THIS FABLE,
2595
01:36:24,596 --> 01:36:27,229
THIS STORY OF THIS KID AND HIS
2596
01:36:27,298 --> 01:36:30,933
BLACK COMPANION ON THIS MURKY
2597
01:36:31,002 --> 01:36:34,037
AND MYSTERIOUS WATERWAY THAT
2598
01:36:34,106 --> 01:36:36,105
JUST TOUCHES SOME CHORD IN
2599
01:36:36,174 --> 01:36:39,509
READERS EVERYWHERE.
2600
01:36:39,578 --> 01:36:41,944
I THINK MARK TWAIN, OUT OF HIS
2601
01:36:42,013 --> 01:36:45,748
GENIUS, HAS FOUND A METAPHOR FOR
2602
01:36:45,817 --> 01:36:50,387
THE TRAGICOMEDY OF LIFE.
2603
01:36:50,455 --> 01:36:51,788
Narrator: HUCK'S EXPERIENCES
2604
01:36:51,856 --> 01:36:53,857
WITH JIM TURN UPSIDE DOWN
2605
01:36:53,925 --> 01:36:55,458
EVERYTHING HE HAS BEEN TAUGHT
2606
01:36:55,627 --> 01:36:59,362
ABOUT BLACK PEOPLE AND WHITE,
2607
01:36:59,431 --> 01:37:01,965
ABOUT SLAVERY AND FREEDOM,
2608
01:37:02,034 --> 01:37:06,168
ABOUT GOOD AND EVIL.
2609
01:37:06,237 --> 01:37:07,003
Man as Twain: "JIM TALKED
2610
01:37:07,072 --> 01:37:10,707
OUT LOUD.
2611
01:37:10,776 --> 01:37:12,509
HE WAS SAYING HOW THE FIRST
2612
01:37:12,577 --> 01:37:14,310
THING HE WOULD DO WHEN HE GOT TO
2613
01:37:14,379 --> 01:37:16,780
A FREE STATE, HE WOULD GO TO
2614
01:37:16,782 --> 01:37:19,248
SAVING UP MONEY AND NEVER SPEND
2615
01:37:19,317 --> 01:37:22,519
A SINGLE CENT, AND WHEN HE GOT
2616
01:37:22,588 --> 01:37:28,091
ENOUGH, HE WOULD BUY HIS WIFE...
2617
01:37:28,093 --> 01:37:29,559
AND THEN THEY WOULD BOTH WORK TO
2618
01:37:29,628 --> 01:37:32,328
BUY THE TWO CHILDREN, AND IF
2619
01:37:32,397 --> 01:37:34,998
THEIR MASTER WOULDN'T SELL THEM,
2620
01:37:35,000 --> 01:37:36,800
THEY'D GET AN AB'LITIONIST TO GO
2621
01:37:36,868 --> 01:37:40,770
AND STEAL THEM.
2622
01:37:40,839 --> 01:37:42,905
IT MOST FROZE ME TO HEAR SUCH
2623
01:37:42,974 --> 01:37:44,808
TALK.
2624
01:37:44,877 --> 01:37:47,143
HERE WAS THIS NIGGER WHICH I HAD
2625
01:37:47,145 --> 01:37:49,579
AS GOOD AS HELPED TO RUN AWAY,
2626
01:37:49,647 --> 01:37:51,514
COMING RIGHT OUT FLATFOOTED
2627
01:37:51,516 --> 01:37:53,149
AND SAYING HE WOULD STEAL HIS
2628
01:37:53,218 --> 01:37:55,051
CHILDREN--
2629
01:37:55,120 --> 01:37:56,986
CHILDREN THAT BELONGED TO A MAN
2630
01:37:57,055 --> 01:38:00,122
I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW, A MAN THAT
2631
01:38:00,191 --> 01:38:03,793
HADN'T EVER DONE ME NO HARM."
2632
01:38:07,899 --> 01:38:08,565
Jocelyn Chadwick, Twain scholar:
2633
01:38:08,633 --> 01:38:10,466
HUCK AWAKENS TO HEAR JIM,
2634
01:38:10,535 --> 01:38:11,667
WHAT HE CALLS, "MOANIN'
2635
01:38:11,736 --> 01:38:13,670
AND MOURNIN'."
2636
01:38:13,738 --> 01:38:15,471
JIM'S BEEN CRYING.
2637
01:38:15,540 --> 01:38:18,408
JIM CRIES OFTEN AT NIGHT,
2638
01:38:18,410 --> 01:38:21,010
AND HUCK HAS, BECAUSE OF HIS
2639
01:38:21,079 --> 01:38:24,113
EXPERIENCE WITH JIM, HAS BEGUN
2640
01:38:24,182 --> 01:38:27,050
TO SEE JIM IN A DIFFERENT WAY,
2641
01:38:27,119 --> 01:38:29,685
AND HUCK SAYS HE'S "MOANIN'
2642
01:38:29,754 --> 01:38:31,487
AND MOURNIN' FOR HIS FAMILY,"
2643
01:38:31,556 --> 01:38:33,089
AND HE SAYS I KNOW THIS BECAUSE
2644
01:38:33,157 --> 01:38:35,024
HE'LL SAY, "POOR LITTLE JOHNNY,
2645
01:38:35,092 --> 01:38:36,960
POOR LITTLE ELIZABETH, WON'T BE
2646
01:38:37,128 --> 01:38:39,362
SEEIN' THEIR FATHER ANYMORE,"
2647
01:38:39,430 --> 01:38:41,431
AND HUCK SAYS SOME OF THE MOST
2648
01:38:41,499 --> 01:38:43,032
SIGNIFICANT WORDS, I THINK,
2649
01:38:43,201 --> 01:38:45,835
I'VE EVER READ IN FICTION.
2650
01:38:45,904 --> 01:38:49,505
HE SAYS, "I GUESS JIM MISSES HIS
2651
01:38:49,574 --> 01:38:51,841
FAMILY THE WAY WHITE FOLKS DO
2652
01:38:51,909 --> 01:38:53,076
THEIR'N.
2653
01:38:53,078 --> 01:38:54,811
IT DON'T SEEM NATURAL, BUT I
2654
01:38:54,813 --> 01:38:57,780
GUESS IT'S SO."
2655
01:38:57,949 --> 01:38:59,149
JIM'S A MAN.
2656
01:38:59,151 --> 01:39:00,766
JIM'S A PERSON.
2657
01:39:00,835 --> 01:39:02,418
HE'S NOT 3/5 A PERSON.
2658
01:39:02,487 --> 01:39:03,553
HE'S NOT INVISIBLE.
2659
01:39:03,621 --> 01:39:04,721
HE'S A DAD.
2660
01:39:04,889 --> 01:39:06,022
HE'S A FATHER.
2661
01:39:06,091 --> 01:39:07,590
HE'S A HUSBAND.
2662
01:39:07,659 --> 01:39:11,995
HE'S A--HE'S A REAL INDIVIDUAL,
2663
01:39:12,063 --> 01:39:14,563
AND HUCK IS NOT MAKING A RACIST
2664
01:39:14,632 --> 01:39:15,431
STATEMENT.
2665
01:39:15,500 --> 01:39:18,334
HE'S UNLEARNING, LITERALLY.
2666
01:39:18,403 --> 01:39:19,969
WE ACTUALLY HEAR HIM MAKING
2667
01:39:20,038 --> 01:39:22,639
THOSE CONNECTIONS IN HIS HEAD.
2668
01:39:22,707 --> 01:39:25,508
"I'VE BEEN TAUGHT THAT THEY
2669
01:39:25,677 --> 01:39:27,710
DON'T CARE ABOUT FAMILY, THAT
2670
01:39:27,779 --> 01:39:28,812
YOU CAN SEPARATE THEM, YOU CAN
2671
01:39:28,880 --> 01:39:29,745
SELL THEM, YOU CAN DO ANYTHING
2672
01:39:29,814 --> 01:39:32,148
YOU WANT TO THEM, AND YET HERE'S
2673
01:39:32,217 --> 01:39:34,517
THIS MAN CRYING DAY AFTER DAY
2674
01:39:34,586 --> 01:39:35,752
AFTER DAY, TALKING ABOUT
2675
01:39:35,820 --> 01:39:37,019
POOR LITTLE ELIZABETH
2676
01:39:37,088 --> 01:39:40,189
AND POOR LITTLE JOHNNY.
2677
01:39:40,258 --> 01:39:43,593
HE MUST CARE ABOUT HIS FAMILY."
2678
01:39:43,662 --> 01:39:45,428
Narrator: THE NOVEL REACHES
2679
01:39:45,497 --> 01:39:46,930
ITS MORAL CLIMAX
2680
01:39:46,998 --> 01:39:48,030
WHEN HUCK IS FACED WITH
2681
01:39:48,099 --> 01:39:50,433
A TERRIBLE CHOICE.
2682
01:39:50,502 --> 01:39:51,567
HE BELIEVES HE HAS COMMITTED
2683
01:39:51,736 --> 01:39:53,168
A GRIEVOUS SIN IN HELPING JIM
2684
01:39:53,237 --> 01:39:55,271
ESCAPE, AND HE FINALLY WRITES
2685
01:39:55,339 --> 01:39:57,039
OUT A LETTER, TELLING JIM'S
2686
01:39:57,108 --> 01:39:59,042
OWNER WHERE HER RUNAWAY PROPERTY
2687
01:39:59,044 --> 01:40:00,943
CAN BE FOUND.
2688
01:40:01,012 --> 01:40:02,812
HUCK FEELS GOOD ABOUT DOING THIS
2689
01:40:02,981 --> 01:40:05,448
AT FIRST, HE SAYS, AND MARVELS
2690
01:40:05,617 --> 01:40:06,983
AT "HOW CLOSE I COME TO BEING
2691
01:40:07,051 --> 01:40:10,620
LOST AND GOING TO HELL," BUT
2692
01:40:10,789 --> 01:40:17,893
THEN HE HESITATES.
2693
01:40:17,962 --> 01:40:19,896
Man as Twain: "I GOT TO THINKING
2694
01:40:19,964 --> 01:40:20,797
OVER OUR TRIP
2695
01:40:20,866 --> 01:40:23,098
DOWN THE RIVER, AND I SEE
2696
01:40:23,167 --> 01:40:25,869
JIM BEFORE ME ALL THE TIME--
2697
01:40:25,937 --> 01:40:28,004
IN THE DAY AND IN THE NIGHTTIME,
2698
01:40:28,173 --> 01:40:29,672
SOMETIMES MOONLIGHT, SOMETIMES
2699
01:40:29,741 --> 01:40:32,942
STORMS, AND WE A-FLOATING ALONG,
2700
01:40:33,011 --> 01:40:34,476
TALKING AND SINGING
2701
01:40:34,545 --> 01:40:36,278
AND LAUGHING--
2702
01:40:36,347 --> 01:40:38,915
BUT SOMEHOW I COULDN'T SEEM TO
2703
01:40:38,984 --> 01:40:40,883
STRIKE NO PLACE TO HARDEN ME
2704
01:40:40,952 --> 01:40:43,252
AGAINST HIM, BUT ONLY THE OTHER
2705
01:40:43,321 --> 01:40:46,656
KIND.
2706
01:40:46,725 --> 01:40:48,357
I'D SEE HIM STANDING MY WATCH ON
2707
01:40:48,426 --> 01:40:50,193
TOP OF HIS'N, 'STEAD OF CALLING
2708
01:40:50,262 --> 01:40:53,896
ME, SO I COULD GO ON SLEEPING,
2709
01:40:53,965 --> 01:40:56,099
AND SEE HOW GLAD HE WAS WHEN I
2710
01:40:56,167 --> 01:40:57,300
COME BACK OUT OF THE FOG,
2711
01:40:57,368 --> 01:40:59,535
AND SUCH-LIKE TIMES,
2712
01:40:59,604 --> 01:41:01,337
AND WOULD ALWAYS CALL ME HONEY,
2713
01:41:01,406 --> 01:41:02,438
AND DO EVERYTHING HE COULD THINK
2714
01:41:02,507 --> 01:41:04,774
OF FOR ME, AND HOW GOOD HE
2715
01:41:04,842 --> 01:41:07,177
ALWAYS WAS...
2716
01:41:07,245 --> 01:41:10,213
AND AT LAST I STRUCK THE TIME
2717
01:41:10,281 --> 01:41:11,714
WHEN HE SAID I WAS THE BEST
2718
01:41:11,782 --> 01:41:13,515
FRIEND OLD JIM EVER HAD IN
2719
01:41:13,584 --> 01:41:15,651
THE WORLD, AND THE ONLY ONE HE'S
2720
01:41:15,720 --> 01:41:18,988
GOT NOW, AND THEN I HAPPENED TO
2721
01:41:19,056 --> 01:41:22,591
LOOK AROUND AND SEE THAT PAPER.
2722
01:41:22,660 --> 01:41:25,027
I TOOK IT UP AND HELD IT IN MY
2723
01:41:25,096 --> 01:41:27,263
HAND.
2724
01:41:27,332 --> 01:41:29,833
I WAS A-TREMBLING BECAUSE I'D
2725
01:41:29,901 --> 01:41:31,934
GOT TO DECIDE, FOREVER, BETWIXT
2726
01:41:32,003 --> 01:41:36,005
TWO THINGS, AND I KNOWED IT.
2727
01:41:36,073 --> 01:41:37,940
I STUDIED A MINUTE, SORT OF
2728
01:41:37,942 --> 01:41:41,010
HOLDING MY BREATH, AND THEN SAYS
2729
01:41:41,078 --> 01:41:46,583
TO MYSELF, ALL RIGHT, THEN, I'LL
2730
01:41:46,585 --> 01:41:52,421
GO TO HELL, AND TORE IT UP."
2731
01:41:52,490 --> 01:41:53,256
Russell Banks, writer:
2732
01:41:53,324 --> 01:41:54,523
THAT SENTENCE, IT MAKES
2733
01:41:54,592 --> 01:41:56,159
THE HAIR ON THE BACK OF MY NECK
2734
01:41:56,161 --> 01:41:57,560
STAND UP TODAY WHEN I THINK
2735
01:41:57,629 --> 01:41:58,494
ABOUT THAT SENTENCE
2736
01:41:58,563 --> 01:41:59,462
AND THE CONTEXT OF THAT
2737
01:41:59,531 --> 01:42:01,197
SENTENCE.
2738
01:42:01,266 --> 01:42:03,265
IT'S THE GREAT MORAL AWAKENING
2739
01:42:03,334 --> 01:42:05,668
FOR WHITE AMERICANS.
2740
01:42:05,737 --> 01:42:06,903
THERE IS, THEN, THE POSSIBILITY
2741
01:42:07,071 --> 01:42:09,472
OF REDEMPTION FROM WHAT TWAIN
2742
01:42:09,641 --> 01:42:11,240
SAW AND WHAT MOST OF US TODAY
2743
01:42:11,409 --> 01:42:13,442
STILL SEE AS THE GREAT--
2744
01:42:13,511 --> 01:42:17,179
THE SIN AT OUR INCEPTION,
2745
01:42:17,248 --> 01:42:18,047
THE SIN OF SLAVERY
2746
01:42:18,116 --> 01:42:19,883
AND--AND RACISM.
2747
01:42:20,051 --> 01:42:20,783
IF YOU CAN ACCEPT THAT--
2748
01:42:20,952 --> 01:42:21,885
"ALL RIGHT, THEN,
2749
01:42:21,953 --> 01:42:23,553
I GUESS I'LL GO TO HELL,"
2750
01:42:23,622 --> 01:42:24,553
THEN THE POSSIBILITY
2751
01:42:24,622 --> 01:42:26,522
OF REDEMPTION EXISTS.
2752
01:42:26,591 --> 01:42:28,057
David Bradley, writer:
2753
01:42:28,125 --> 01:42:29,592
THE MOMENT WHEN HUCK SAYS
2754
01:42:29,660 --> 01:42:31,393
"I'LL GO TO HELL," IT'S
2755
01:42:31,462 --> 01:42:33,429
A CHALLENGING MOMENT BECAUSE HE
2756
01:42:33,431 --> 01:42:34,264
THOUGHT THAT WAS TRUE.
2757
01:42:34,332 --> 01:42:35,498
IT WASN'T A FIGURATIVE STATEMENT
2758
01:42:35,667 --> 01:42:37,767
AT ALL...
2759
01:42:37,769 --> 01:42:39,502
AND IT COMES AFTER HE'S SAID
2760
01:42:39,571 --> 01:42:41,370
SOME OTHER THINGS ABOUT
2761
01:42:41,439 --> 01:42:43,005
"MAYBE IF I HAD BEEN TRAINED,
2762
01:42:43,074 --> 01:42:44,373
IF I'D GONE TO SUNDAY SCHOOL,
2763
01:42:44,442 --> 01:42:45,742
MAYBE IF I'D BEEN LEARNED RIGHT,
2764
01:42:45,810 --> 01:42:48,310
THEN I WOULDN'T DO THIS, BUT I
2765
01:42:48,379 --> 01:42:49,946
CAN'T HELP MYSELF.
2766
01:42:49,948 --> 01:42:51,114
I'M--I'M EVIL.
2767
01:42:51,283 --> 01:42:52,448
I'LL GO TO HELL THEN.
2768
01:42:52,517 --> 01:42:55,350
SAVE MY FRIEND."
2769
01:42:55,419 --> 01:42:56,218
THAT'S WHAT IT ALL COMES DOWN
2770
01:42:56,287 --> 01:42:57,486
TO, ISN'T IT?
2771
01:42:57,555 --> 01:42:59,421
I MEAN, EVERY MORAL CHOICE THAT
2772
01:42:59,490 --> 01:43:01,124
WE MAKE--
2773
01:43:01,193 --> 01:43:03,826
IF WE DECIDE NOT TO DO WHAT WE
2774
01:43:03,828 --> 01:43:06,929
THINK IS GOING TO SAVE US, BUT
2775
01:43:06,998 --> 01:43:07,797
DO WHAT WE THINK WILL SAVE
2776
01:43:07,866 --> 01:43:09,999
SOMEONE ELSE, I MEAN, IT'S
2777
01:43:10,068 --> 01:43:10,866
THE ULTIMATE CHRISTIAN MOMENT AS
2778
01:43:10,935 --> 01:43:12,251
WELL.
2779
01:43:12,320 --> 01:43:14,070
THAT'S THE MOMENT AS A WRITER,
2780
01:43:14,139 --> 01:43:15,705
IF YOU CAN GET TO ANYTHING THAT
2781
01:43:15,774 --> 01:43:18,207
HAS THAT CLARITY, YOU'VE GOT IT.
2782
01:43:18,276 --> 01:43:20,943
YOU'VE GOT SOMETHING.
2783
01:43:23,181 --> 01:43:23,813
Russell Banks, writer: I THINK
2784
01:43:23,881 --> 01:43:25,314
THAT HUCKLEBERRY FINN
2785
01:43:25,382 --> 01:43:28,851
IS OUR HOMERIC EPIC.
2786
01:43:28,920 --> 01:43:30,586
IT STANDS TO OUR LITERATURE,
2787
01:43:30,655 --> 01:43:31,821
I THINK, AS THE ILIAD
2788
01:43:31,890 --> 01:43:34,090
AND THE ODYSSEY STAND TO GREEK
2789
01:43:34,159 --> 01:43:35,257
AND EUROPEAN LITERATURE IN SOME
2790
01:43:35,326 --> 01:43:37,393
SENSE.
2791
01:43:37,462 --> 01:43:39,729
WE ARE, AS A PEOPLE, RADICALLY
2792
01:43:39,898 --> 01:43:41,931
DIFFERENT, DESPITE OUR COMMON
2793
01:43:42,000 --> 01:43:42,865
THREADS OF HISTORY, FROM
2794
01:43:42,934 --> 01:43:46,369
EUROPEANS, AND THE ELEMENTS THAT
2795
01:43:46,437 --> 01:43:48,371
MAKE US DIFFERENT, I THINK, ARE
2796
01:43:48,540 --> 01:43:50,707
ESSENTIALLY TWO--
2797
01:43:50,775 --> 01:43:53,576
RACE AND SPACE--
2798
01:43:53,745 --> 01:43:55,244
AND TWAIN'S WORK, MORE THAN
2799
01:43:55,313 --> 01:43:57,346
ANY OTHER WRITER BEFORE HIM
2800
01:43:57,415 --> 01:43:58,614
AND PROBABLY MORE THAN ANY OTHER
2801
01:43:58,682 --> 01:44:01,784
WRITER SINCE, EMBRACE THOSE TWO
2802
01:44:01,853 --> 01:44:04,186
FACTS AND MAKES POSSIBLE
2803
01:44:04,255 --> 01:44:05,221
AN AMERICAN LITERATURE WHICH
2804
01:44:05,289 --> 01:44:08,757
OTHERWISE WAS NOT POSSIBLE.
2805
01:44:08,826 --> 01:44:10,326
HAWTHORNE WAS TRYING TO WRITE
2806
01:44:10,394 --> 01:44:11,593
ENGLISH LITERATURE.
2807
01:44:11,662 --> 01:44:14,330
EVEN MELVILLE, TO HIS GREAT--
2808
01:44:14,399 --> 01:44:16,031
IN HIS GREAT EXTREMITY, HE
2809
01:44:16,100 --> 01:44:18,100
ACCEPTED THE FACT, THE CENTRAL
2810
01:44:18,169 --> 01:44:19,568
FACT OF SPACE IN HIS WORK.
2811
01:44:19,637 --> 01:44:21,904
THERE'S NO QUESTION ABOUT THAT,
2812
01:44:21,973 --> 01:44:23,606
BUT HE WAS A LITTLE MORE
2813
01:44:23,675 --> 01:44:25,174
AMBIGUOUS AND AMBIVALENT ABOUT
2814
01:44:25,242 --> 01:44:26,308
RACE.
2815
01:44:26,377 --> 01:44:27,143
TWAIN JUST LOOKED IT RIGHT IN
2816
01:44:27,211 --> 01:44:28,544
THE FACE AND--
2817
01:44:28,612 --> 01:44:30,412
AND MADE IT CENTRAL.
2818
01:44:30,481 --> 01:44:31,080
William Styron, writer:
2819
01:44:31,149 --> 01:44:32,882
ALL A MAN EVER HAD TO DO TO
2820
01:44:32,950 --> 01:44:35,218
ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY WAS TO WRITE
2821
01:44:35,387 --> 01:44:38,988
A BOOK LIKE HUCKLEBERRY FINN,
2822
01:44:39,057 --> 01:44:40,890
UH, WHICH--WHICH, IN THE END, IS
2823
01:44:40,959 --> 01:44:43,526
SORT OF A HYMN WITHOUT
2824
01:44:43,594 --> 01:44:47,630
SENTIMENTALITY TO THE SOLIDARITY
2825
01:44:47,698 --> 01:44:51,333
OF THE HUMAN RACE, AND IT HAS
2826
01:44:51,402 --> 01:44:56,605
ITS MAGNIFICENCE IN THAT SPIRIT.
2827
01:44:56,607 --> 01:44:59,976
Narrator: BUT UNLIKE TOM SAWYER,
2828
01:45:00,045 --> 01:45:01,143
HUCKLEBERRY FINN WAS NOT
2829
01:45:01,212 --> 01:45:03,846
GREETED WITH UNIVERSAL ACCLAIM.
2830
01:45:04,015 --> 01:45:05,247
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY OF CONCORD,
2831
01:45:05,316 --> 01:45:08,017
MASSACHUSETTS, BANNED THE BOOK.
2832
01:45:08,085 --> 01:45:09,351
Man as Twain: "THEY HAVE
2833
01:45:09,420 --> 01:45:10,586
EXPELLED HUCK FROM
2834
01:45:10,655 --> 01:45:13,956
THEIR LIBRARY AS, QUOTE, TRASH
2835
01:45:13,958 --> 01:45:14,957
AND SUITABLE ONLY FOR
2836
01:45:15,025 --> 01:45:16,725
THE SLUMS.
2837
01:45:16,794 --> 01:45:19,895
THAT WILL SELL 25,000 COPIES
2838
01:45:19,964 --> 01:45:22,531
FOR US SURE."
2839
01:45:22,600 --> 01:45:23,199
Ron Powers, writer: WHEN IT
2840
01:45:23,267 --> 01:45:24,133
FIRST CAME OUT, IT
2841
01:45:24,202 --> 01:45:27,470
WASN'T THE PORTRAYAL OF BLACKS
2842
01:45:27,539 --> 01:45:28,638
THAT GOT IT BANNED FROM
2843
01:45:28,706 --> 01:45:30,305
LIBRARIES.
2844
01:45:30,374 --> 01:45:32,475
IT WAS THE ROUGH LANGUAGE,
2845
01:45:32,644 --> 01:45:34,710
THE COARSENESS, THE KIND OF
2846
01:45:34,779 --> 01:45:36,980
CELEBRATION OF THE BAD BOY
2847
01:45:37,048 --> 01:45:37,880
AND THE BAD LANGUAGE
2848
01:45:37,949 --> 01:45:39,949
AND THE BAD GRAMMAR...
2849
01:45:39,951 --> 01:45:42,718
AND THEN AS OTHER ERAS CAME
2850
01:45:42,786 --> 01:45:44,353
ALONG WITH THEIR OWN DEMONS, IT
2851
01:45:44,421 --> 01:45:45,387
ALWAYS SEEMED THAT
2852
01:45:45,456 --> 01:45:47,590
HUCKLEBERRY FINN HAD AN ANSWER
2853
01:45:47,658 --> 01:45:49,525
OR A--OR A KIND OF REFERENT TO
2854
01:45:49,527 --> 01:45:51,360
THOSE DEMONS.
2855
01:45:55,866 --> 01:45:57,366
Narrator: IN HARTFORD
2856
01:45:57,434 --> 01:45:58,467
ON NOVEMBER 30,
2857
01:45:58,536 --> 01:46:03,306
1885, SAM CLEMENS TURNED 50.
2858
01:46:03,375 --> 01:46:04,907
TRIBUTES ARRIVED FROM ALL OVER
2859
01:46:04,976 --> 01:46:06,242
THE WORLD.
2860
01:46:06,311 --> 01:46:09,078
ONLY 20 YEARS EARLIER--
2861
01:46:09,146 --> 01:46:11,413
PENNILESS, FRIENDLESS, FULL OF
2862
01:46:11,482 --> 01:46:12,982
SELF-LOATHING--
2863
01:46:13,050 --> 01:46:14,616
HE HAD CONTEMPLATED SUICIDE IN
2864
01:46:14,685 --> 01:46:16,685
CALIFORNIA.
2865
01:46:16,754 --> 01:46:18,821
NOW, EVERYTHING WAS GOING HIS
2866
01:46:18,889 --> 01:46:20,055
WAY.
2867
01:46:20,124 --> 01:46:22,257
HE HAD A LOVELY WIFE
2868
01:46:22,326 --> 01:46:24,827
AND 3 ADORING CHILDREN.
2869
01:46:24,896 --> 01:46:26,028
HE WAS THE BEST-KNOWN WRITER IN
2870
01:46:26,097 --> 01:46:28,831
AMERICA AND THE RICHEST--
2871
01:46:28,900 --> 01:46:30,499
RICH ENOUGH FOR HIS FAMILY TO
2872
01:46:30,568 --> 01:46:32,835
LIVE LIKE MILLIONAIRES.
2873
01:46:32,903 --> 01:46:34,636
"I AM OUT OF THE WOODS,"
2874
01:46:34,705 --> 01:46:36,438
HE WROTE IN HIS JOURNAL.
2875
01:46:36,507 --> 01:46:37,840
"IT SEEMS THAT EVERYTHING I
2876
01:46:37,909 --> 01:46:39,942
TOUCH TURNS TO GOLD.
2877
01:46:40,011 --> 01:46:40,909
I AM FRIGHTENED AT
2878
01:46:40,978 --> 01:46:42,045
THE PROPORTIONS OF MY
2879
01:46:42,113 --> 01:46:44,346
PROSPERITY."
2880
01:46:47,619 --> 01:46:49,651
IT NOW SEEMED TO SAM CLEMENS
2881
01:46:49,720 --> 01:46:50,486
THAT HE HAD PUT HIS
2882
01:46:50,555 --> 01:46:52,021
HARDSCRABBLE BOYHOOD AND HIS
2883
01:46:52,089 --> 01:46:56,292
WANDERING YOUTH FAR BEHIND HIM,
2884
01:46:56,361 --> 01:46:57,693
BUT NOT EVEN IN HIS WILDEST
2885
01:46:57,762 --> 01:46:58,961
DREAMS--
2886
01:46:59,029 --> 01:47:01,130
OR HIS WORST NIGHTMARES--
2887
01:47:01,198 --> 01:47:02,464
COULD HE HAVE FORESEEN ALL THAT
2888
01:47:02,533 --> 01:47:05,802
WAS ABOUT TO HAPPEN TO HIM
2889
01:47:05,870 --> 01:47:08,404
AND TO HIS FAMILY.
2890
01:49:42,993 --> 01:49:44,460
Announcer: FOR OVER A DECADE,
2891
01:49:44,529 --> 01:49:45,327
GENERAL MOTORS HAS BEEN
2892
01:49:45,396 --> 01:49:46,595
THE SOLE CORPORATE SPONSOR OF
2893
01:49:46,664 --> 01:49:48,564
THE FILMS OF KEN BURNS.
2894
01:49:48,632 --> 01:49:49,665
WE'RE PROUD OF OUR ASSOCIATION
2895
01:49:49,734 --> 01:49:51,566
WITH KEN BURNS AND PBS.
2896
01:49:51,635 --> 01:49:53,236
IT'S ALL PART OF GM's COMMITMENT
2897
01:49:53,304 --> 01:49:55,037
TO SHARE THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
2898
01:49:55,039 --> 01:49:56,171
THROUGH QUALITY TELEVISION
2899
01:49:56,240 --> 01:49:57,640
PROGRAMMING.
2900
01:49:58,676 --> 01:50:00,075
Announcer: MAJOR FUNDING FOR
2901
01:50:00,144 --> 01:50:01,109
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED BY
2902
01:50:01,178 --> 01:50:03,111
THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS--
2903
01:50:03,180 --> 01:50:04,880
INVESTING IN IDEAS.
2904
01:50:05,049 --> 01:50:07,149
RETURNING RESULTS...
2905
01:50:09,553 --> 01:50:10,386
THE CONNECTICUT OFFICE OF
2906
01:50:10,455 --> 01:50:11,487
TOURISM--
2907
01:50:11,556 --> 01:50:13,088
CONNECTICUT, WHERE YOU CAN
2908
01:50:13,157 --> 01:50:14,790
STILL SEE WHAT MARK TWAIN FELL
2909
01:50:14,858 --> 01:50:16,892
IN LOVE WITH...
2910
01:50:20,197 --> 01:50:21,263
THE ARTHUR VINING DAVIS
2911
01:50:21,332 --> 01:50:23,899
FOUNDATIONS...
2912
01:50:27,271 --> 01:50:28,537
PARK FOUNDATION--
2913
01:50:28,606 --> 01:50:29,905
DEDICATED TO EDUCATION
2914
01:50:29,974 --> 01:50:32,341
AND QUALITY TELEVISION...
2915
01:50:35,212 --> 01:50:36,678
THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC
2916
01:50:36,747 --> 01:50:37,847
BROADCASTING,
2917
01:50:38,016 --> 01:50:39,915
AND ANNUAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT
2918
01:50:39,984 --> 01:50:43,352
FROM PBS VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
204008
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