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We can talk about the procedures that are related to the definition of a GIS,
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and probably a good way to think about this is as a flowchart.
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Is if you're thinking about a procedure for analyzing data,
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the idea is that you're trying to take data and create information,
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and there is a difference between those two definitions.
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Data, I think of them as
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sort of little isolated facts that exist beyond any kind of direct interpretation.
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So, if I record the fact that the temperature was a certain amount today,
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that's a point of data;
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but then if I take that and a bunch of other data points
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and then I interpret it or transform it in some way,
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that then becomes more valuable or I have a way of seeing more through it, like,
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"If I had temperature values for July and August,
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for year after year, I could eventually make
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the conclusion that it's really warm in July and August."
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Now, I know that's pretty obvious, but the idea is that's information,
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that's something beyond just individual data points.
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So, let's just take an example like housing suitability.
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If I'm looking for a house to buy in a city that I live in,
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and I'm trying to use different criteria to
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decide where should I look for a house to buy,
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we might look at things like school locations.
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We could create a buffer of distances from those schools to say, "Well,
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I want to live within a certain distance of a school,
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say have children, and I want them to not have to travel too far to get to that school."
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So, that would be one set of criteria,
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one set of data and we can say, "Okay."
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So, now, we have one data set.
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We're going to perform one operation on it using one type of tool,
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in this case a buffer,
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and that's going to provide us with one output.
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So, this is an input,
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a tool and an output.
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Sometimes a tool, it's referred to as a function,
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and so that's the basic idea,
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the building blocks of modelling for GIS.
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In other words, performing some kind of analysis.
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We might add more things to that.
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So, we have things like property values.
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We might say, "Well, what neighborhoods have values that are within
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my price range that are affordable to me versus areas that are unaffordable?"
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So, we can use a different tool,
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in this case reclassifying,
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which will divide the data into different classes based on criteria that I'm interested.
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It could just be, like I said, affordable or unaffordable.
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We want to of course make sure that we're in a residential zone.
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We might look at crime statistics,
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and I'm just giving you a kind of a simple version here,
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but we could combine all of these things and what's known as a weighted overlay.
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In other words, looking at
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the same location with different variables and comparing those and saying,
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"Which locations across the city match all of the criteria that I'm
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interested in for my question that I'm trying to answer?"
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And the result would be a set of preferred areas
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that we could see in a map that would answer the question that we're interested in.
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And so, when we talk about procedures in a GIS,
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I know it may sound kind of vague or dry,
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but really what it is,
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is it's the steps that you're going through to take data,
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do something to it to transform it to create information that can then answer a question.
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That's really the way I think of the procedures.
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So, you may notice that there's one thing that's missing from
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our earlier definition of a GIS from this whole thing here,
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and that is people,
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and it may sound kind of funny.
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Some definitions of GIS don't include people.
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I like to include it because really people are the key ingredient.
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People like you, believe it or not,
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that you have to have someone who understands how to
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use all of this stuff in order to get something valuable,
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and productive and useful out of it.
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So, you can have the best hardware,
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best software, best data, best procedures,
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but if you don't have someone that can actually put all that
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together and work with it and create something of value,
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then the whole rest of it is pretty much useless.
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So, my goal is to be able to enable people to do these things for themselves.
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I love being able to watch people learn how to do things,
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so that they can then go off and find their own hardware,
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software, procedures, data and whatever,
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put it all together and then work with it;
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and I've also seen in organizations where they didn't have proper staff with
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proper skills and it was a lot of wasted time and energy,
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it was really inefficient.
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So, if you have the proper people with the proper training,
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skills and so on, it makes
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a huge difference in terms of the overall functioning of a GIS.
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So, that's our section on what is a GIS.
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I just wanted to give you some definitions,
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how to think about it in terms of what it can do and what it's made up of,
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give you some examples, the things like datasets and procedures.
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So, I hope that gets you thinking about it,
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and certainly we have a lot more to learn,
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but that's a great place to work from.8118
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