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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,210 --> 00:00:02,760 Hey, guys, It's Angela from the App Brewery. 2 00:00:02,760 --> 00:00:08,480 And in this lesson, we're going to deep dive into how exactly does the Internet work? 3 00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:11,010 So what exactly is the Internet? 4 00:00:11,190 --> 00:00:15,530 A lot of people think it's a cloud, something that's hanging around in the sky. 5 00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:20,340 It's super complex, super difficult to understand, but actually, that's not it at all. 6 00:00:20,370 --> 00:00:22,860 The Internet is pretty simple. 7 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:26,520 All it is is just a long piece of wire. 8 00:00:26,700 --> 00:00:29,640 And wire connects different computers to each other. 9 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:35,160 So you might have one computer that's in London and another one that's in Seattle, and they can talk 10 00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:38,490 to each other and transfer data through this giant wire. 11 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:42,630 Now, some of these computers attached the Internet have a very special job. 12 00:00:42,630 --> 00:00:49,110 They have to be online 24 seven, ready to serve you all the data and files that you are requesting 13 00:00:49,110 --> 00:00:51,150 when you try to access a website. 14 00:00:51,480 --> 00:00:54,300 And these are called servers. 15 00:00:54,300 --> 00:01:00,810 And what they do is they serve you all the data and files you need to be able to access and interact 16 00:01:00,810 --> 00:01:02,250 with certain websites. 17 00:01:02,250 --> 00:01:08,820 So these computers are called servers, and any computer that a user would use to access the Internet 18 00:01:08,820 --> 00:01:10,210 is called a client. 19 00:01:10,230 --> 00:01:16,590 Now, you can imagine a web server as a giant library that's open 24 seven, and you can go in there 20 00:01:16,590 --> 00:01:22,200 at any hour of the day and say, I want to see Google's home page or I want to see the latest posts 21 00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:27,600 on TechCrunch and would be able to serve you with all the files and data you would need to be able to 22 00:01:27,600 --> 00:01:29,380 view whatever website you want. 23 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:35,070 Now, as you can imagine, if there's a library that's big enough to house all of these websites, then 24 00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:41,370 it's going to be pretty difficult to quickly locate the thing that you want out of this giant library. 25 00:01:41,370 --> 00:01:41,940 Right. 26 00:01:41,940 --> 00:01:44,550 So how is this problem solved on the Internet? 27 00:01:45,210 --> 00:01:50,490 Well, let's say that you're sitting at home on your computer and you type in Google.com because you 28 00:01:50,490 --> 00:01:52,980 want to head over to the main Google home page. 29 00:01:53,250 --> 00:02:01,470 Well, what happens behind the scenes is that your browser will send that message to your ISP or your 30 00:02:01,470 --> 00:02:03,140 Internet service provider. 31 00:02:03,150 --> 00:02:06,690 So these are the people who you pay to be able to access the Internet. 32 00:02:07,020 --> 00:02:10,830 If you live in the US, that will be AT&T or Comcast. 33 00:02:10,830 --> 00:02:14,490 And if you're in the UK, that would be something like BT or TalkTalk. 34 00:02:14,700 --> 00:02:21,690 Now the message that you're sending the ISP is I want to see Google.com and the ISP will then relay 35 00:02:21,690 --> 00:02:28,710 that message to something called a DNS server, which stands for a domain name system server. 36 00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:33,180 And a DNS server is essentially just a souped up phone book. 37 00:02:33,330 --> 00:02:39,060 And what happens when you make that request through your browser is the DNS server will look up in its 38 00:02:39,060 --> 00:02:44,940 database to find the exact IP address of that website that you're trying to access. 39 00:02:45,060 --> 00:02:50,270 And every single computer that's connected to the Internet has an IP address. 40 00:02:50,280 --> 00:02:55,740 It's kind of like a postal code for your computer so that when people need to send and receive files 41 00:02:55,740 --> 00:03:02,940 on the Internet, each computer can be located and contacted using their unique IP address. 42 00:03:02,940 --> 00:03:09,930 And once the DNS server finds that IP address, it will send it back to your browser through the ISP, 43 00:03:09,930 --> 00:03:11,160 over the internet. 44 00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:15,090 Then you can make a direct request to that address. 45 00:03:15,210 --> 00:03:21,180 And what lives at that IP address is, of course the Google servers, and they'll be able to send you 46 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:27,090 back all the files and data you need to be able to view the Google home page. 47 00:03:27,180 --> 00:03:33,300 Now you can try this for yourself to look up the IP address of the Google home page, head over to this 48 00:03:33,300 --> 00:03:41,520 website and look up IO and type in Google.com and they should show you the exact IP address of the Google 49 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:43,470 servers that you can access. 50 00:03:43,470 --> 00:03:49,920 So if you copy it and paste it into a new tab, then you'll be able to replicate that process and see 51 00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:51,510 the Google home page show up. 52 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:59,670 So to summarize, the Internet is just a bunch of wires that connects up different computers, but it's 53 00:03:59,670 --> 00:04:04,290 just on a much bigger scale connecting up all the computers in the world. 54 00:04:04,320 --> 00:04:05,820 But what about the oceans? 55 00:04:05,820 --> 00:04:06,950 I hear you ask. 56 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:09,450 Well, that's one of the coolest things. 57 00:04:09,450 --> 00:04:14,790 There are these massive undersea cables connecting all the continents on Earth. 58 00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:21,570 And if you head over to submarine cable map dot com, you can see all of these cables and see the ones 59 00:04:21,570 --> 00:04:23,700 that connect you up to the Internet. 60 00:04:23,700 --> 00:04:30,360 And these undersea cables are massive, consisting of hundreds of fiber optic fibers, each of them 61 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:35,310 using lasers to transmit up to 400 gigabytes of data per second. 62 00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:38,970 This is a cross section of one of the cables that runs in New Zealand. 63 00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:44,880 It's an absolute marvel of modern technology, and it looks really beautiful, don't you think? 64 00:04:44,880 --> 00:04:50,580 And to think that every single time we load up a web page or click on a button on a website, behind 65 00:04:50,580 --> 00:04:56,910 the scenes was sending signals that navigates all of this crazy underwater and above water wires. 66 00:04:56,910 --> 00:04:59,820 And all I need is just an IP address. 67 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:05,220 And through tiny electric signals, traveling at the speed of light through the oceans and halfway around 68 00:05:05,220 --> 00:05:05,880 the world. 69 00:05:05,880 --> 00:05:12,720 In a matter of milliseconds, I get to view my favorite websites, and that is how awesome the Internet 70 00:05:12,720 --> 00:05:13,290 is. 71 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:17,880 And we're going to be taking it to build our own websites and web apps. 72 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:23,400 And to be able to do that, we first have to understand how exactly do websites work. 73 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:27,000 So for all of that and more, I'll see you on the next lesson. 7835

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