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This is Radio Rome.
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And now the news.
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00:00:07,135 --> 00:00:09,725
The High Command of the
German Armed Forces
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has issued the
following communique.
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00:00:12,335 --> 00:00:16,671
At the Cassino Front, the German Tank
Core victoriously counter attacked
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00:00:16,695 --> 00:00:20,991
futile attempts by the enemy
to break the line of defence.
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00:00:21,015 --> 00:00:25,711
The enemy is now using Negro troops
and other armed coloured people
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in their vain attempts
to advance.
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End of communique.
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From neutral,
Stockholm and Lisbon sources
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it has been learned that the Allies
are becoming increasingly divided.
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00:00:39,775 --> 00:00:42,871
The Americans have accused
the English of starving Europe.
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00:00:42,895 --> 00:00:46,471
And Churchill has been accused
by British leaders as becoming
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a slave of Wall Street
and Jewish financial interests.
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00:00:50,175 --> 00:00:54,111
We inform our listeners that
the curfew falls at 19 hours.
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And beginning tomorrow the daily
bread rations will be cut
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from 150 grams
to 100 grams per person.
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Milk will be available...
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00:02:26,975 --> 00:02:28,895
Ah, va fan...
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00:03:33,255 --> 00:03:36,191
Here is where you should
start feeling fear.
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No matter how carefully you cut
the dust away, inevitably you
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remove some of the painting with it,
destroyed by the edge of your knife.
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00:03:44,615 --> 00:03:50,471
And the loss of even the most infinitesimal
part of a true work of art must make you panic.
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00:03:50,495 --> 00:03:52,791
So, tremble as much as you like,
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00:03:52,815 --> 00:03:57,335
but when you are ready cut
decisively, sure of every stroke.
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00:04:26,615 --> 00:04:30,935
The Father General is here
with the gentlemen.
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Good morning. Good morning,
Father Antonelli. Morning.
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Father Antonelli, there seems to have
been a regrettable misunderstanding.
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- Our friends...
- May I? My dear Professor.
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Weren't you responsible for the
work on Masaccio's crucifixion
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which was restored here
at the Institute last year?
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00:05:15,455 --> 00:05:17,511
- Two years ago.
- Two years ago.
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00:05:17,535 --> 00:05:21,271
It was displayed last month at
the Staatliche Museum in Berlin.
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00:05:21,295 --> 00:05:25,031
Oh, I didn't know. Unfortunately
something rather disagreeable has occurred.
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00:05:25,055 --> 00:05:28,191
One of our experts, one of the very
best men we have in Germany seems
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to be on the opinion you understand,
that it was...
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- Fake.
- Strange.
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A very good one to be sure but
of slightly more recent vintage.
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00:05:40,935 --> 00:05:42,791
The panel itself is 15th Century,
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00:05:42,815 --> 00:05:46,831
early 15th Century according to the
experts when Masaccio was in Florence.
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00:05:46,855 --> 00:05:50,791
But chromatographic analysis of the
paint has revealed that this Masaccio
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was painted a little
less than two years ago.
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00:05:53,735 --> 00:05:56,295
Father Antonelli, do you paint?
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00:05:57,815 --> 00:06:00,151
May I know the name of this expert?
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00:06:00,175 --> 00:06:02,751
Seiglau Stuttgart,
you know him of course.
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Only by name. One of the greatest
art forgers in Europe.
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00:06:06,655 --> 00:06:10,831
Then we may safely assume that he
is an authority on the subject.
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00:06:10,855 --> 00:06:14,071
My business
is restoring works of art.
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00:06:14,095 --> 00:06:18,431
It wouldn't be the first time I
have heard of an original denounced
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00:06:18,455 --> 00:06:21,471
as a forgery,
or a forgery taken for an original.
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00:06:21,495 --> 00:06:26,991
Let us simply say an error was made
on the part of whoever sent the painting.
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00:06:27,015 --> 00:06:30,391
He mistook the copy for the
original. I sent the painting.
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00:06:30,415 --> 00:06:35,055
I packed it myself when I was
ordered to ship it to Germany.
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00:06:37,295 --> 00:06:40,951
Then nothing would be easier than
for you to prove it's authenticity or not.
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00:06:40,975 --> 00:06:42,751
I fervently hope so.
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00:06:42,775 --> 00:06:45,551
And the people of Germany have
taken Masaccio to their heart.
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It would be cruel to disillusion
them, would it not, Father?
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Of course. You will,
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you will look into it immediately,
will you not, Father?
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It was a mistake. Yes. And
every man is entitled to a mistake.
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- One mistake.
- I shall do everything possible.
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The impossible too let us hope.
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The church has always thrived
on doing the impossible.
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00:07:34,495 --> 00:07:37,271
You know who they are,
Father, don't you?
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On the 17th of March you went to a hiding
place near the Risorgimento bridge to remove
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a wireless transmitter which you use
for contacting the Headquarters
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00:08:14,615 --> 00:08:19,935
of the American 5th Army and the
Partisan movement in the state of Lazio.
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Nothing to say?
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00:08:24,215 --> 00:08:26,135
What would you do in my place?
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00:08:30,935 --> 00:08:32,735
What would you do in mine?
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- I'd have you shot.
- Not before I'd talked.
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I didn't think of that.
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But then I'm not a policeman.
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You're wanted at Headquarters.
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Carry on, Schutz.
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00:08:55,295 --> 00:08:58,071
Hello. Yes.
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Yes, Father. Father Pancrazio.
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00:09:00,895 --> 00:09:02,391
Good evening, Father General.
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00:09:02,415 --> 00:09:05,111
You can be sure he wants to
talk about the Florentine arts.
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00:09:05,135 --> 00:09:08,311
We simply cannot stand in their way.
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00:09:08,335 --> 00:09:12,671
You must also realise that Colonel Kappler
went to you today prepared to do his best.
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If he has to come back tomorrow, you
can rely upon him to do his worst.
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00:09:16,135 --> 00:09:18,231
They will take away everything.
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Down to the very last painting and
the very last restorer, including yourself.
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00:09:22,775 --> 00:09:25,271
Oh, I understand the
situation perfectly.
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00:09:25,295 --> 00:09:31,695
We sit here like sheep watching Rome being
plundered in a way that would put the Vandals shame.
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00:09:33,215 --> 00:09:35,791
I know, my son, I know.
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00:09:35,815 --> 00:09:38,831
But you are aware of the mission
the Holy Father has given me.
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00:09:38,855 --> 00:09:41,151
It is one of extreme delicacy.
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00:09:41,175 --> 00:09:46,911
Negotiations with the Germans at the highest
level for the safeguarding of all Rome.
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00:09:46,935 --> 00:09:50,511
I am asking you to choose
the lesser of two evils.
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Are you asking me,
or is this an order?
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00:09:52,935 --> 00:09:55,311
An order, Father Antonelli.
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An order.
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I thank you, my son.
May Jesus Christ be praised.
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May He be praised forever.
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00:10:06,815 --> 00:10:10,831
What would you do?
Should we barricade ourselves
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inside the institute and say, "Come,
get it if you have the courage."
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00:10:14,815 --> 00:10:18,551
If everybody were ready to
resist that way, I'd say yes.
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00:10:18,575 --> 00:10:21,511
The trouble is the people are
exhausted and disillusioned.
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00:10:21,535 --> 00:10:23,631
Then we'll put up
passive resistance.
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00:10:23,655 --> 00:10:26,551
No. I think it's about time
Italians find themselves
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some national conscience after
20 years of dictatorship.
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Kappler, good of you to come.
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You sent for me, General.
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00:10:36,775 --> 00:10:41,631
The Duce's new Minister for the
Interior, His Excellency...
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Guido Buffarini-Guidi.
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00:10:43,375 --> 00:10:46,951
The Duce says that he's
the most hated man in Italy.
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Hated and feared.
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00:10:48,815 --> 00:10:52,831
And as we say in Italy,
the Duce's always right.
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00:10:52,855 --> 00:10:57,335
In that event Your Excellency, I'm glad to
hear we're not the only ones the Italians hate.
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00:10:58,855 --> 00:11:02,271
Police Chief Caruso,
good of you to come.
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00:11:02,295 --> 00:11:07,071
Kappler, His Excellency is most
unhappy because of the difficulties
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you have raised about the
celebrations for tomorrow, the...
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The 25th anniversary of
the founding of the Fascist party.
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On the contrary, I've raised
no difficulties whatsoever.
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Providing that the
festivities were held behind
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- closed doors.
- Which means YOU have
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prevented the members of our new Fascist
Republican party from parading through Rome.
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I did nothing of the sort.
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00:11:33,735 --> 00:11:37,631
I simply pointed out to the Head of
your party that this seemed hardly the time
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00:11:37,655 --> 00:11:42,191
to provoke the citizens of Rome with a demonstration
which they would find unpopular to say the least.
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00:11:42,215 --> 00:11:44,071
Such talk is inadmissible, Colonel.
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00:11:44,095 --> 00:11:46,751
All Colonel Kappler meant
is he doesn't consider
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that a public demonstration in
Rome could come of without incidents.
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Our men will safeguard
law and order.
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00:11:53,895 --> 00:11:55,991
Then who would be left
to do the parading.
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00:11:56,015 --> 00:12:00,791
Would your Excellency be kind enough to listen
to a list of raids and sabotage acts committed in
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00:12:00,815 --> 00:12:04,391
the last 10 days against the German
Armed Forces and our fascist allies?
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00:12:04,415 --> 00:12:06,911
We're aware there are
some criminal elements.
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00:12:06,935 --> 00:12:10,191
Yes, yes. They're ingenious,
audacious and well organised,
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and they have a strategy, we know.
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00:12:11,975 --> 00:12:13,511
What strategy?
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00:12:13,535 --> 00:12:15,471
Block our supply lines.
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00:12:15,495 --> 00:12:19,351
Turn Rome into hostile territory
and make us withdraw. Communists.
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00:12:19,375 --> 00:12:24,631
Communists, Socialists, Anarchists, Christian
Democrats, Liberals and Monarchists.
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00:12:24,655 --> 00:12:26,831
Monarchists?
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00:12:26,855 --> 00:12:29,871
Monarchy is dead.
The King went out with the traitors.
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00:12:29,895 --> 00:12:33,511
They will not dare attack
a military formation.
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00:12:33,535 --> 00:12:35,831
Besides they are divided gangs.
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00:12:35,855 --> 00:12:38,951
Colonel Dollmann and I have good
reason to believe the contrary.
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00:12:38,975 --> 00:12:41,991
There exists a military council
with representatives
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from every political party with
the exception of yours, of course.
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00:12:45,055 --> 00:12:49,311
We're talking about a parade, Your Excellency,
there are no military formations in Rome.
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00:12:49,335 --> 00:12:50,991
Rome is politically neutral.
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00:12:51,015 --> 00:12:54,151
Rome is swarming with German troops.
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00:12:54,175 --> 00:12:58,551
Tanks and whole divisions pass under the Pope's
window every day on the way to the front.
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You call that a neutral city?
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I do not call it so.
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00:13:02,655 --> 00:13:04,911
Our leaders do and so does your Pope.
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00:13:04,935 --> 00:13:08,175
Therefore,
Rome is politically neutral.
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00:13:09,695 --> 00:13:13,671
Besides there have been no troop
movements through Rome for nearly a week.
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00:13:13,695 --> 00:13:21,735
A column of SS Troops has marched past my hotel every
day for the past five days. Who are they Kappler?
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00:13:23,415 --> 00:13:27,911
11th Company SS Bolzen Police,
sent here from the Tyrol recently.
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00:13:27,935 --> 00:13:32,191
Local security is considered by all,
including His Holiness to be inadequate.
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00:13:32,215 --> 00:13:36,191
I have ordered the 11th Company to march
through the centre of Rome every day as...
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00:13:36,215 --> 00:13:39,631
for psychological reasons. But
that will be cancelled for tomorrow.
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00:13:39,655 --> 00:13:45,431
To march through the city on the day of Fascism's
glorious anniversary would be useless provocation.
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No-one would dare
attack German troops.
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00:13:47,935 --> 00:13:50,471
General, I'm forced to insist.
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Are you in charge or is this Colonel?
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I am in charge. Commandant of Rome.
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00:13:57,335 --> 00:14:00,471
And where will be no parade
tomorrow. Cancel, finished.
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00:14:00,495 --> 00:14:04,015
Celebrate whatever it is you want
to celebrate, but indoors!
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Kappler.
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00:14:09,815 --> 00:14:11,335
Sir.
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00:14:13,495 --> 00:14:15,775
Now sit down. Sir.
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00:14:19,175 --> 00:14:23,231
You don't like our allies
very much, do you?
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00:14:23,255 --> 00:14:26,311
You asking my opinion, sir?
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00:14:26,335 --> 00:14:31,671
Politics is not strictly my field
but I would say that Fascism is dead.
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00:14:31,695 --> 00:14:37,671
It must disappear so that we can hold onto the
last vestige of our prestige here in Italy.
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00:14:37,695 --> 00:14:40,151
This means the
elimination of Mussolini.
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00:14:40,175 --> 00:14:44,591
And if I were ordered to do so,
I would know exactly how to go about it.
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00:14:44,615 --> 00:14:46,231
You say this.
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00:14:46,255 --> 00:14:48,151
You organised his rescue.
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00:14:48,175 --> 00:14:51,511
Our opinions, General,
are rarely heard.
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00:14:51,535 --> 00:14:53,511
More often, we do as we are told.
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00:14:53,535 --> 00:14:56,015
Yes. You will do as you are told.
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00:14:57,935 --> 00:15:03,191
The Fascist parade is cancelled, but
our SS column continues to patrol.
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00:15:03,215 --> 00:15:05,231
They are fully armed, I presume.
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00:15:05,255 --> 00:15:07,911
My boys can take care of themselves.
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00:15:07,935 --> 00:15:09,751
Tomorrow, they march.
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00:15:09,775 --> 00:15:12,231
Tomorrow, sir,
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00:15:12,255 --> 00:15:14,231
they march.
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00:15:14,255 --> 00:15:20,591
Elena here, carrying
the raincoat. Paolo here.
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00:15:20,615 --> 00:15:24,671
The rest here, here and here.
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00:15:24,695 --> 00:15:28,871
When you get the signal, Paolo,
you light the fuse.
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00:15:28,895 --> 00:15:34,471
Elena here, walking. You pass him
the raincoat and escape here.
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00:15:34,495 --> 00:15:37,271
We'll be there at two,
like clockwork.
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00:15:37,295 --> 00:15:41,951
Paolo, remember, you have 45 seconds
to round the corner.
191
00:15:41,975 --> 00:15:45,111
The fuse burns in 50.
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00:15:45,135 --> 00:15:49,415
You'll do it in 40... walking.
193
00:15:52,015 --> 00:15:55,511
It's been tried out a hundred times.
194
00:15:55,535 --> 00:15:57,431
Fuses don't always burn the same.
195
00:15:57,455 --> 00:15:59,015
We know that.
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00:16:03,015 --> 00:16:04,615
Any questions?
197
00:16:17,095 --> 00:16:18,991
This is Radio London.
198
00:16:19,015 --> 00:16:20,671
Buona sera.
199
00:16:20,695 --> 00:16:22,551
This is Colonel Stevens.
200
00:16:22,575 --> 00:16:27,831
Today Mr Hitler ordered the occupation
of Hungary, another of his former allies.
201
00:16:27,855 --> 00:16:32,671
He would of course have preferred...
202
00:16:32,695 --> 00:16:36,871
...what has happened to Hungary
today, happened to Italy yesterday,
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00:16:36,895 --> 00:16:41,631
but we are confident that Italy will soon
succeed in overcoming it's present difficulties.
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00:16:41,655 --> 00:16:47,351
Act now, my Italian friends, to help
yourselves and the Allies will help you.
205
00:16:47,375 --> 00:16:49,071
Good night.
206
00:16:49,095 --> 00:16:52,271
You know, Dollmann, you've ruined
my appetite by repeating
207
00:16:52,295 --> 00:16:56,071
those nightly ghost stories you hear
on the BBC. I'm not the only one.
208
00:16:56,095 --> 00:17:00,751
They tell me there's not a single radio
silent, unless Colonel Stevens is on the air.
209
00:17:00,775 --> 00:17:03,351
The Romans love the way
the English speak Italian.
210
00:17:03,375 --> 00:17:05,511
Do not delude yourself, my friend.
211
00:17:05,535 --> 00:17:08,191
I speak to Himmler every
morning on the telephone.
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00:17:08,215 --> 00:17:12,951
Berlin is being bombed every night, the
Russians move west on a thousand mile front.
213
00:17:12,975 --> 00:17:16,311
Everyone expects the Allies
to invade France any day now.
214
00:17:16,335 --> 00:17:19,271
The Third Reich is sinking,
my dear man.
215
00:17:19,295 --> 00:17:21,511
We must be sure not to sink with it.
216
00:17:21,535 --> 00:17:23,991
Is that what you're trying
to tell me, Dollmann?
217
00:17:24,015 --> 00:17:27,671
I don't need to make long distance
telephone calls to know what's going on.
218
00:17:27,695 --> 00:17:30,031
I just keep my eyes
open here in Rome.
219
00:17:30,055 --> 00:17:32,751
And you don't like what you see.
I love Rome, Dollmann.
220
00:17:32,775 --> 00:17:38,271
I love it's light,
it's burnt, decadent colours,
221
00:17:38,295 --> 00:17:41,111
it's crumbling stone.
222
00:17:41,135 --> 00:17:44,151
- In spite of the war.
- Perhaps because of the war.
223
00:17:44,175 --> 00:17:46,335
We're Rome's masters, we control it.
224
00:17:48,575 --> 00:17:50,751
For the moment.
225
00:17:50,775 --> 00:17:52,591
It's getting more
difficult every day.
226
00:17:52,615 --> 00:17:56,431
Yesterday our Tribunal, our War
Tribunal acquitted three Italians,
227
00:17:56,455 --> 00:18:01,471
two men and a woman who, two weeks ago,
would've been sentenced to death and executed.
228
00:18:01,495 --> 00:18:05,511
But those gentlemen in the Wehrmacht
also listen to the BBC.
229
00:18:05,535 --> 00:18:08,711
They've started reading out
lists of so called war criminals.
230
00:18:08,735 --> 00:18:12,871
I suppose it must be somewhat frightening
to hear one's name in that context.
231
00:18:12,895 --> 00:18:16,671
Are you frightened, Dollmann?
My name hasn't been mentioned yet.
232
00:18:16,695 --> 00:18:18,991
And you, Kappler?
233
00:18:19,015 --> 00:18:21,671
I'm afraid of disorder.
234
00:18:21,695 --> 00:18:23,824
"Donizetti's"
235
00:21:07,015 --> 00:21:09,335
- Giovanni.
- Yes.
236
00:21:13,175 --> 00:21:18,111
I'm looking for Father Pietro Antonelli, the
Director of the Institute of Restoration. That's me.
237
00:21:18,135 --> 00:21:19,775
From Colonel Kappler.
238
00:21:21,095 --> 00:21:22,775
Excuse me.
239
00:21:33,215 --> 00:21:38,191
"I understand that your Institute is short
for materials that you use for restoration.
240
00:21:38,215 --> 00:21:40,431
"I have managed to find
a can of turpentine.
241
00:21:40,455 --> 00:21:43,031
"They tell me it's the right
quality for your work.
242
00:21:43,055 --> 00:21:46,751
"You needn't have scruples about
accepting it, it isn't plunder.
243
00:21:46,775 --> 00:21:50,871
"If you have managed to find the Masaccio,
you may give it to Captain Priebke.
244
00:21:50,895 --> 00:21:53,551
"Unless you would prefer to deliver
it to me in person,
245
00:21:53,575 --> 00:21:56,711
which for the sake of formality
would be the correct thing to do,
246
00:21:56,735 --> 00:21:59,215
apart from giving me
the pleasure of seeing it.
247
00:22:15,295 --> 00:22:16,815
Have a seat, please.
248
00:22:21,655 --> 00:22:23,335
General Harster's Headquarters.
249
00:22:25,015 --> 00:22:29,751
Hello. Hello, this is SD.
250
00:22:29,775 --> 00:22:33,871
Hello? One moment please.
251
00:22:48,655 --> 00:22:49,871
That's your uniform.
252
00:22:49,895 --> 00:22:53,391
We better go. They're waiting for
us and the Germans are never late.
253
00:22:53,415 --> 00:22:54,575
Here's the raincoat.
254
00:23:55,215 --> 00:23:58,231
These are all the men I can spare,
Caruso.
255
00:23:58,255 --> 00:24:01,231
They should help you maintain
order on this happy occasion.
256
00:24:01,255 --> 00:24:03,711
Thank you, Colonel.
You are a true friend of Italy.
257
00:24:03,735 --> 00:24:05,391
We're all true friends of Italy.
258
00:24:05,415 --> 00:24:11,871
We Germans, the Pope, new Fascists,
the Allies and the Partisans,
259
00:24:11,895 --> 00:24:14,455
all true friends of Italy.
260
00:24:16,295 --> 00:24:18,335
Poor Italy.
261
00:24:30,135 --> 00:24:31,871
Communists.
262
00:24:31,895 --> 00:24:34,775
Italians.
263
00:24:36,615 --> 00:24:38,530
Viva la liberta!
264
00:24:38,591 --> 00:24:39,955
Get his name.
265
00:25:39,135 --> 00:25:40,991
I'm sorry I kept you waiting, Father.
266
00:25:41,015 --> 00:25:43,591
- Only a few minutes.
- Thank you for coming.
267
00:25:43,615 --> 00:25:45,391
Thank you for the gift.
268
00:25:45,415 --> 00:25:48,271
Ah, it's Colonel Dollmann
you should thank for the gift.
269
00:25:48,295 --> 00:25:52,031
He has great friends, we have great
friends in the gallery of Modern Art.
270
00:25:52,055 --> 00:25:54,071
That's impossible. Oh, really. Why?
271
00:25:54,095 --> 00:25:58,831
No, I didn't... I meant that the people of
the gallery told me they didn't have any left.
272
00:25:58,855 --> 00:26:02,631
Well, probably you didn't offer
them anything in exchange.
273
00:26:02,655 --> 00:26:05,991
I see you have this
all wrapped up ready to be sent.
274
00:26:06,015 --> 00:26:08,375
If you'd like to check it.
No, no, no. There's no need.
275
00:26:09,895 --> 00:26:12,511
I'm extremely sorry to be
depriving you of it.
276
00:26:12,535 --> 00:26:15,351
I'd be extremely sorry
if it were destroyed.
277
00:26:15,375 --> 00:26:16,991
Half of Europe has been destroyed.
278
00:26:17,015 --> 00:26:22,671
That's why art is the only means for real
communication from one people to another.
279
00:26:22,695 --> 00:26:24,631
From one generation to another.
280
00:26:24,655 --> 00:26:27,031
Only what is beautiful
can hope to save the world.
281
00:26:27,055 --> 00:26:30,471
Things that are beautiful,
true and good.
282
00:26:30,495 --> 00:26:33,295
A trinity
older than that of the church.
283
00:26:35,895 --> 00:26:37,815
Would you like to sit down?
Thank you.
284
00:26:39,335 --> 00:26:41,711
I saw you looking
at that vase when I came in.
285
00:26:41,735 --> 00:26:44,911
I found it in a bomb crater
after an allied air raid.
286
00:26:44,935 --> 00:26:49,111
- So war now serves archaeology.
- Yes, yes.
287
00:26:49,135 --> 00:26:51,471
Do you think it could be Etruscan?
288
00:26:51,495 --> 00:26:53,111
Perhaps.
289
00:26:53,135 --> 00:26:57,231
More likely it was brought in
from Egypt by Venetian sailors.
290
00:26:57,255 --> 00:26:58,951
There are some lines from Homer,
291
00:26:58,975 --> 00:27:04,431
Ur, "Skilled silent chisellers
with their craft created it."
292
00:27:04,455 --> 00:27:11,911
"Venetian sailors brought it,
over the, over the..."
293
00:27:11,935 --> 00:27:19,751
"Mist veiled seas to, display
in the stalls of foreign ports."
294
00:27:19,775 --> 00:27:23,111
Right.
Excellent. Very surprising that
295
00:27:23,135 --> 00:27:26,231
a priest reads Homer.
I read when I have time.
296
00:27:26,255 --> 00:27:28,631
So do I. So do I.
297
00:27:28,655 --> 00:27:30,911
We have a great deal
in common, Father.
298
00:27:30,935 --> 00:27:35,751
We both read Homer, we both
follow the orders of our Orders.
299
00:27:35,775 --> 00:27:40,511
And, we both
wear our uniforms honourably.
300
00:27:40,535 --> 00:27:42,511
This is not a uniform, Colonel.
301
00:27:42,535 --> 00:27:45,471
You're a soldier
of the church, Father.
302
00:27:45,495 --> 00:27:47,991
Your hypothesis, I say
yours, but it's shared by
303
00:27:48,015 --> 00:27:51,871
a great many other people is that the
normal condition of society is peace.
304
00:27:51,895 --> 00:27:55,271
I believe that the normal condition
of society is war.
305
00:27:55,295 --> 00:27:57,311
You call this slaughter normal.
306
00:27:57,335 --> 00:27:59,951
I call it
the madness of wild animals.
307
00:27:59,975 --> 00:28:03,031
What would you do, if your church
were attacked by wild animals?
308
00:28:03,055 --> 00:28:06,831
Defend her. You see, Father,
we are very much alike.
309
00:28:06,855 --> 00:28:11,831
Great religions rise and fall
because of the deeds of men like you.
310
00:28:11,855 --> 00:28:15,991
Nations and civilisations
are defended by men like me.
311
00:28:16,015 --> 00:28:18,751
I'd much rather nations
didn't need defending.
312
00:28:18,775 --> 00:28:21,655
And I'd much prefer a religion
that didn't need priests.
313
00:28:23,175 --> 00:28:26,511
Well, I'm sorry, I have to go.
314
00:28:26,535 --> 00:28:30,071
Very good of you to come along.
Can I drop you anywhere?
315
00:28:30,095 --> 00:28:31,991
Thanks, I prefer to walk.
316
00:28:32,015 --> 00:28:33,631
Yes, I understand.
317
00:28:33,655 --> 00:28:37,031
It's not a good idea to be seen
in the same car as me.
318
00:28:37,055 --> 00:28:41,055
We, we must be honest with
each other, Father, whatever happens.
319
00:28:45,415 --> 00:28:48,311
Do you know what Picasso
said when France surrendered?
320
00:28:48,335 --> 00:28:53,191
"The German Generals have beaten
the French Generals. I am a painter."
321
00:28:53,215 --> 00:28:56,551
"If the German painters want to
take me on, I'm ready for them."
322
00:28:56,575 --> 00:28:59,471
Picasso's a decadent bore.
323
00:28:59,495 --> 00:29:01,815
Do you think he would've won?
He would've won.
324
00:29:17,375 --> 00:29:19,311
The Masaccio.
325
00:29:19,335 --> 00:29:23,260
"We'll fatten up the
priests," Hitler said years ago,
326
00:29:23,321 --> 00:29:25,315
"And they'll lead the flock."
327
00:29:26,775 --> 00:29:28,991
Won't be too easy
to fatten up that priest.
328
00:31:22,175 --> 00:31:25,951
Hey, no parking here today.
329
00:31:25,975 --> 00:31:27,975
The Germans come by here.
330
00:32:47,335 --> 00:32:51,591
Hey. What are you doing round here?
Who are you?
331
00:32:51,615 --> 00:32:53,631
What's it to you?
332
00:32:53,655 --> 00:32:56,151
This is my street.
333
00:32:56,175 --> 00:33:00,351
So you pick it up.
I'm just passing through.
334
00:33:00,375 --> 00:33:04,431
- Where is Emilio?
- He's sick. I'm filling in.
335
00:33:04,455 --> 00:33:07,431
Sick? I had lunch with him.
336
00:33:07,455 --> 00:33:09,231
What's inside there?
Come on, tell me.
337
00:33:09,255 --> 00:33:12,235
Coffee? Tobacco, cigarettes?
Tell me.
338
00:33:12,335 --> 00:33:14,911
You come and see me in Piazza
Vittorio at four o'clock,
339
00:33:14,935 --> 00:33:17,031
I'll get you some?
340
00:33:17,055 --> 00:33:18,751
I'll be there.
341
00:33:18,775 --> 00:33:21,631
Be careful?
342
00:33:21,655 --> 00:33:23,631
And next time,
343
00:33:23,655 --> 00:33:25,495
wear your badge right.
344
00:34:31,335 --> 00:34:35,775
If they don't come in 15 minutes,
we call it off. Pass it on.
345
00:35:04,175 --> 00:35:06,135
Look, I'm waiting for someone.
346
00:36:30,095 --> 00:36:34,515
Go and play somewhere else.
Look, go down there. Please go home.
347
00:36:34,735 --> 00:36:37,911
Go away, you'll get hurt.
348
00:36:46,855 --> 00:36:49,055
It's mine! Give it back.
349
00:36:53,375 --> 00:36:55,255
Come back. Come back.
350
00:38:41,655 --> 00:38:43,175
Kappler.
351
00:38:50,815 --> 00:38:52,335
Right.
352
00:38:54,455 --> 00:38:57,391
Provocation was challenged.
353
00:38:57,415 --> 00:38:59,111
I think you better come with me.
354
00:38:59,135 --> 00:39:00,911
Where?
355
00:39:00,935 --> 00:39:04,151
Via Rasella near the Via Veneto.
356
00:39:04,175 --> 00:39:06,711
The 11th Company
has apparently ceased to exist.
357
00:39:26,375 --> 00:39:28,231
Stop firing.
358
00:39:28,255 --> 00:39:29,895
Stop firing!
359
00:39:32,255 --> 00:39:34,311
Dobrich?
360
00:39:34,335 --> 00:39:37,711
Well, Dobrich?
361
00:39:37,735 --> 00:39:39,631
Colonel, I don't know what happened.
362
00:39:39,655 --> 00:39:42,271
- It was just... I don't know.
- How many civilians killed?
363
00:39:42,295 --> 00:39:44,547
None, there was no-one
in the street, just us.
364
00:39:44,608 --> 00:39:46,475
All right, all right.
Count our dead.
365
00:39:49,855 --> 00:39:53,671
Your men are marching men,
so they marched.
366
00:39:53,695 --> 00:39:55,471
Kappler.
367
00:39:55,495 --> 00:39:57,791
Revenge, Kappler.
368
00:39:57,815 --> 00:39:59,495
Revenge for my poor boys.
369
00:40:01,935 --> 00:40:03,711
You see, Kappler.
370
00:40:03,735 --> 00:40:07,111
You see what they've done to
my boys.
371
00:40:07,135 --> 00:40:11,831
Here are the beautiful results
of your security,
372
00:40:11,855 --> 00:40:14,455
here in this filthy street!
373
00:40:16,415 --> 00:40:17,991
Who were they?
374
00:40:18,015 --> 00:40:19,791
British?
375
00:40:19,815 --> 00:40:22,551
- American spies?
- Italians.
376
00:40:22,575 --> 00:40:23,671
Italians.
377
00:40:23,695 --> 00:40:26,431
It's impossible.
378
00:40:26,455 --> 00:40:30,151
I used to love the Italians,
Kappler.
379
00:40:30,175 --> 00:40:32,631
Now I hate them!
380
00:40:32,655 --> 00:40:34,631
Dobrich! Where's Dobrich?
381
00:40:34,655 --> 00:40:35,711
Over there.
382
00:40:35,735 --> 00:40:41,711
Dobrich... mine this whole street.
383
00:40:41,735 --> 00:40:44,111
I'm going to blow up
all these houses.
384
00:40:44,135 --> 00:40:47,351
- I swear it.
- There are people in these houses, sir.
385
00:40:47,375 --> 00:40:49,311
You protect the murderers.
386
00:40:49,335 --> 00:40:52,031
Here, all the houses go up.
387
00:40:52,055 --> 00:40:53,575
The whole neighbourhood.
388
00:40:55,335 --> 00:40:58,151
My poor boys.
389
00:40:58,175 --> 00:41:01,071
- My poor boys.
- Try and calm yourself, sir.
390
00:41:01,095 --> 00:41:04,751
It's not a question of your good name
but the good name of our country.
391
00:41:04,775 --> 00:41:08,351
We are the ones who have been
attacked. We have the moral advantage.
392
00:41:08,375 --> 00:41:10,855
None of that is important to me.
393
00:41:12,095 --> 00:41:14,775
Dobrich, follow my orders.
394
00:41:21,295 --> 00:41:22,871
Up.
395
00:41:22,895 --> 00:41:25,271
Hands up.
396
00:41:25,295 --> 00:41:28,511
Up, up!
397
00:41:28,535 --> 00:41:31,895
Sir. Is that what we're here for?
398
00:41:33,855 --> 00:41:37,231
You are responsible for this,
Kappler.
399
00:41:37,255 --> 00:41:39,511
- You will pay for this.
- Come away, sir.
400
00:41:39,535 --> 00:41:42,791
This must be reported to the High
Command and only you can do that.
401
00:41:42,815 --> 00:41:45,591
Leave Colonel Kappler in control
of the situation here.
402
00:41:45,615 --> 00:41:47,415
What are we to do
with these people, sir?
403
00:41:48,935 --> 00:41:50,455
They will all be shot.
404
00:42:04,175 --> 00:42:07,111
Take them into custody,
hold them for questioning.
405
00:42:07,135 --> 00:42:09,831
- But, the General's order, sir.
- He's upset.
406
00:42:09,855 --> 00:42:11,631
I will take full responsibility.
407
00:42:11,655 --> 00:42:13,151
But... Lieutenant!
408
00:42:13,175 --> 00:42:14,975
Yes, sir.
409
00:42:16,975 --> 00:42:19,031
I admire your discretion, Kappler.
410
00:42:19,055 --> 00:42:22,991
The war may end any day now and
we don't want our names on the BBC,
411
00:42:23,015 --> 00:42:24,511
do we?
412
00:42:24,535 --> 00:42:28,575
It is essential that I speak
to Field Marshal Kesselring.
413
00:42:30,295 --> 00:42:31,911
What?
414
00:42:31,935 --> 00:42:33,511
An inspection at the front.
415
00:42:33,535 --> 00:42:36,631
Well, find him.
I must speak to him at all costs.
416
00:42:36,655 --> 00:42:38,631
First get me General Jodl in Berlin.
417
00:42:38,655 --> 00:42:40,175
Immediately.
418
00:42:45,655 --> 00:42:47,991
- Where's Caruso?
- German Headquarters.
419
00:42:48,015 --> 00:42:50,271
We must mobilise everybody
down to the last man.
420
00:42:50,295 --> 00:42:52,071
We can expect anything now.
421
00:42:52,095 --> 00:42:55,351
In the meantime,
we must notify Il Duce.
422
00:42:55,375 --> 00:42:58,151
Take this down...
423
00:42:58,175 --> 00:43:04,991
Today at 2.30pm a German military detachment
of the SS, while proceeding up Via Rasella...
424
00:43:05,015 --> 00:43:08,071
Father, did you hear the blast?
425
00:43:08,095 --> 00:43:11,071
- Seems the partisans have attacked.
- Yes, I heard it.
426
00:43:11,095 --> 00:43:15,831
The Germans are going mad, swarming
around town arresting people.
427
00:43:15,855 --> 00:43:18,351
They say a lot of people were killed.
428
00:43:18,375 --> 00:43:20,535
Go lock the front door.
429
00:43:44,815 --> 00:43:47,511
We didn't want to come here,
Father, but..
430
00:43:47,535 --> 00:43:49,735
Paolo felt sick and we had to.
431
00:43:53,615 --> 00:43:56,775
But don't worry, as soon as
it's dark, we'll go.
432
00:44:15,335 --> 00:44:16,855
Hello.
433
00:44:21,335 --> 00:44:22,631
Yes, I am alone.
434
00:44:22,655 --> 00:44:25,215
What is it?
435
00:44:26,375 --> 00:44:31,951
It happened nearby in Via Rasella,
they say. I don't know.
436
00:44:31,975 --> 00:44:34,471
If I hear anything, I'll call you.
437
00:44:34,495 --> 00:44:38,295
May He be praised forever.
438
00:44:56,815 --> 00:44:58,711
He is roaring.
439
00:44:58,735 --> 00:45:01,575
He is roaring, roaring.
440
00:45:03,095 --> 00:45:06,271
I called Berlin,
Jodl spoke to him personally.
441
00:45:06,295 --> 00:45:08,015
They're trying to get me Kesselring.
442
00:45:11,815 --> 00:45:14,231
Then get me Mackensen.
443
00:45:14,255 --> 00:45:17,871
General Mackensen, idiot.
444
00:45:17,895 --> 00:45:20,351
He wants to blow up the whole block.
445
00:45:20,375 --> 00:45:23,591
House by house. It's as I said.
446
00:45:23,615 --> 00:45:25,511
He wants 50 to 1.
447
00:45:25,535 --> 00:45:30,511
50 Italians for every 1 of our dead.
He will reconsider.
448
00:45:30,535 --> 00:45:33,871
This is a political matter.
449
00:45:33,895 --> 00:45:36,975
Rome is not the Eastern Front.
He will reconsider.
450
00:45:38,495 --> 00:45:43,551
Besides, this time for a change,
WE are not the wild animals.
451
00:45:43,575 --> 00:45:46,395
Animals? We?
452
00:45:47,215 --> 00:45:49,791
General Mackensen. How...
453
00:45:49,815 --> 00:45:52,831
Oh, you've heard? Yes.
454
00:45:52,855 --> 00:45:54,871
Yes, one moment, Kappler is here.
455
00:45:54,895 --> 00:45:59,231
How many dead? As of now, 28.
456
00:45:59,255 --> 00:46:01,615
28. But there will be more.
457
00:46:03,135 --> 00:46:07,151
General, I have recommended
and the Fuhrer himself...
458
00:46:07,175 --> 00:46:09,231
Oh, you know.
459
00:46:09,255 --> 00:46:12,495
Excessive? But the Fuhrer...
460
00:46:14,295 --> 00:46:17,791
Reconsider?
461
00:46:17,815 --> 00:46:19,695
He wants to speak with you.
462
00:46:21,215 --> 00:46:23,951
Yes, General.
463
00:46:23,975 --> 00:46:27,111
Yes, I want to discuss the
matter with General Harster.
464
00:46:27,135 --> 00:46:29,471
We agree that if reprisals
were called for,
465
00:46:29,495 --> 00:46:32,031
all our male prisoners
under sentence of death
466
00:46:32,055 --> 00:46:35,391
and those serving life terms would
be considered candidates.
467
00:46:35,415 --> 00:46:39,551
Yes, sir, if necessary we would
include all those accused of crimes
468
00:46:39,575 --> 00:46:43,111
punishable by death but
not yet tried in a court.
469
00:46:43,135 --> 00:46:46,815
Yes, sir, they would be taken from
our prisons here in Rome and executed.
470
00:46:48,335 --> 00:46:50,031
Very good, sir. Thank you, sir.
471
00:46:50,055 --> 00:46:52,951
I hadn't finished speaking.
472
00:46:52,975 --> 00:46:55,431
He hung up on me, sir.
473
00:46:55,455 --> 00:46:57,711
Well, what did he say?
How many to one?
474
00:46:57,735 --> 00:47:02,215
He said that you would be informed when the
measures to be taken had been decided on.
475
00:47:03,935 --> 00:47:06,231
I don't understand you.
476
00:47:06,255 --> 00:47:13,871
Our men are lying in that stinking
street, torn apart by Italian pigs
477
00:47:13,895 --> 00:47:16,631
and you seem to want to forget
about the whole affair.
478
00:47:16,655 --> 00:47:19,911
We didn't ask to come
to this filthy place.
479
00:47:19,935 --> 00:47:23,151
We came to help,
invited by our allies.
480
00:47:23,175 --> 00:47:25,191
You would see them go unpunished?
481
00:47:25,215 --> 00:47:30,111
The Romans must be discouraged
from illegal acts but
482
00:47:30,135 --> 00:47:32,431
reprisals never stopped anyone,
General.
483
00:47:32,455 --> 00:47:37,191
One of the chief causes of the First World War
and made martyrs out of the Czechs at Lidice.
484
00:47:37,215 --> 00:47:38,671
Reprisals, General,
485
00:47:38,695 --> 00:47:44,271
punish nobody except the victims
and their... executioners.
486
00:47:44,295 --> 00:47:48,351
So, now you're giving
me history lessons.
487
00:47:48,375 --> 00:47:50,271
They will stop the Italians.
488
00:47:50,295 --> 00:47:52,375
They scare easily.
489
00:47:55,215 --> 00:47:58,215
You, you have another plan.
490
00:47:59,735 --> 00:48:02,151
Well, let's say, I have an opinion.
491
00:48:02,175 --> 00:48:04,031
To hell with your opinions.
492
00:48:04,055 --> 00:48:06,551
- You will do as I tell you.
- No, sir.
493
00:48:06,575 --> 00:48:08,871
What?
494
00:48:08,895 --> 00:48:12,255
I will do what you are
ordered to tell me to do.
495
00:48:45,175 --> 00:48:48,551
Field Marshal Kesselring, General
Maelzer has telephoned four times.
496
00:48:48,575 --> 00:48:50,455
- He says it's urgent.
- Not now.
497
00:48:57,735 --> 00:49:00,231
The congestion at the
front is now at an end.
498
00:49:00,255 --> 00:49:02,631
The Americans are in a
position to move north.
499
00:49:02,655 --> 00:49:06,591
I don't think we can hold out
much more than a couple of months.
500
00:49:06,615 --> 00:49:10,191
We shall therefore continue to
prepare our withdrawal from Rome.
501
00:49:10,215 --> 00:49:12,671
Sir, General Maelzer has rung again.
502
00:49:12,695 --> 00:49:17,271
He says that the partisans attacked a
detachment of SS in the centre of the city.
503
00:49:17,295 --> 00:49:20,231
And that there have
been heavy losses.
504
00:49:20,255 --> 00:49:23,431
I see. Thank you.
505
00:49:23,455 --> 00:49:26,071
Shall I call him back?
506
00:49:26,095 --> 00:49:28,295
No, call Berlin, High Command.
507
00:49:31,215 --> 00:49:35,471
Well, Colonel, what was your impression
of what we saw at the front today?
508
00:49:35,495 --> 00:49:39,111
I like the chance of playing the
Americans' hand, if only for a day.
509
00:49:39,135 --> 00:49:43,215
I'd walk all over you with the arms and equipment
they've got down there. General Jodl, sir.
510
00:49:45,455 --> 00:49:48,631
Kesselring speaking.
511
00:49:48,655 --> 00:49:50,271
I see.
512
00:49:50,295 --> 00:49:52,951
Yes.
513
00:49:52,975 --> 00:49:55,511
What do you expect, 30 dead?
514
00:49:55,535 --> 00:49:58,095
I lost 400 today alone.
515
00:49:59,615 --> 00:50:01,575
But Rome is the front too.
516
00:50:03,375 --> 00:50:07,471
If he's gonna stick to that decision,
he must send me everything himself.
517
00:50:07,495 --> 00:50:10,135
I cannot spare one
fighting man, one truck.
518
00:50:11,975 --> 00:50:13,735
Ask him to reconsider.
519
00:50:15,255 --> 00:50:17,745
Yes, that is my answer.
I await yours.
520
00:50:19,906 --> 00:50:20,770
In Rome,
521
00:50:20,831 --> 00:50:25,551
the 25th anniversary of the
founding of fascism was gloriously
522
00:50:25,575 --> 00:50:30,631
commemorated by imposing ceremonies
at the Ministry of Corporations.
523
00:50:30,655 --> 00:50:34,311
The event organised by the
Fascist Republican Party,
524
00:50:34,335 --> 00:50:36,471
has as it's guest speaker,
525
00:50:36,495 --> 00:50:40,511
the great blind poet and hero of
the Albanian war.
526
00:50:40,535 --> 00:50:43,631
Carlo Borsani, now Under Secretary.
527
00:50:43,655 --> 00:50:47,831
Borsani recalling the historic
events of March 23rd, Fascism's
528
00:50:47,855 --> 00:50:52,511
most sacred day, said that
the glorious Fascist experience...
529
00:50:52,535 --> 00:50:55,431
Just isn't possible. Not one word.
530
00:50:55,455 --> 00:51:00,111
...that in their misfortunes
they don't despair.
531
00:51:00,135 --> 00:51:03,391
I thought a nice bowl of hot soup.
532
00:51:03,415 --> 00:51:06,111
- Thank you, Giovanni.
- But no bread.
533
00:51:06,135 --> 00:51:10,575
Doesn't matter. There are
plenty of blankets in the cupboard.
534
00:51:12,095 --> 00:51:14,255
If you don't need me for anything...
535
00:51:18,775 --> 00:51:23,831
A Vatican spokesman has disclosed that
the Holy Father is enjoying perfect health.
536
00:51:23,855 --> 00:51:27,671
He suffers only from the anguish
brought on by the war,
537
00:51:27,695 --> 00:51:31,471
with it's privation, sorrow
and the destruction...
538
00:51:31,495 --> 00:51:34,271
Father,
try to understand why we did it.
539
00:51:34,295 --> 00:51:35,791
I can't.
540
00:51:35,815 --> 00:51:37,911
I'm sorry but I can't.
541
00:51:37,935 --> 00:51:42,351
...German assault operation.
At Anzio enemy losses were
542
00:51:42,375 --> 00:51:47,111
reported to be much more severe than
those of the German Armed Forces.
543
00:51:47,135 --> 00:51:54,751
Reports from Tokyo disclose that Japanese Forces
are advancing victoriously in Indian territory...
544
00:51:54,775 --> 00:51:56,511
Nobody's mentioned it yet.
545
00:51:56,535 --> 00:51:58,191
We wait for the BBC.
546
00:51:58,215 --> 00:52:00,791
I wonder what the Allies
will make of it.
547
00:52:00,815 --> 00:52:02,551
Also, our king.
548
00:52:02,575 --> 00:52:05,895
This committee is operating
under Allied directives.
549
00:52:07,415 --> 00:52:11,711
Our king thinks we ought to sit
tight and wait for his return.
550
00:52:11,735 --> 00:52:14,671
But you know the Hague Convention
provides for reprisals.
551
00:52:14,695 --> 00:52:16,231
Listen, Andrea,
552
00:52:16,255 --> 00:52:18,951
a state of war exists
between Italy and Germany.
553
00:52:18,975 --> 00:52:22,351
We attacked an enemy formation,
full battle dress
554
00:52:22,375 --> 00:52:26,071
in broad daylight,
on our own territory.
555
00:52:26,095 --> 00:52:28,751
I'd like to know what
the Germans are thinking.
556
00:52:28,775 --> 00:52:31,511
If they follow the rules
of the Hague Convention,
557
00:52:31,535 --> 00:52:34,991
they'll say that if the people
responsible don't come forward,
558
00:52:35,015 --> 00:52:36,511
they'll execute hostages.
559
00:52:36,535 --> 00:52:40,351
Even two or three times the number
of German soldiers killed.
560
00:52:40,375 --> 00:52:43,551
They wouldn't risk it.
They know Rome would explode.
561
00:52:43,575 --> 00:52:46,111
Let's get one thing straight.
562
00:52:46,135 --> 00:52:49,791
Whatever happens,
none of our men comes forward.
563
00:52:49,815 --> 00:52:51,751
- No-one.
- But innocent people...
564
00:52:51,775 --> 00:52:56,831
Innocent people were living in worse
in Rotterdam, in London, in Leningrad.
565
00:52:56,855 --> 00:53:01,831
And innocent people, millions of Jews
are being exterminated in the gas chambers.
566
00:53:01,855 --> 00:53:06,335
Do you seriously believe that Rome
alone is immune, because of the Pope?
567
00:53:07,855 --> 00:53:10,431
I won't accept that.
568
00:53:10,455 --> 00:53:13,175
And neither will millions
of other Italians.
569
00:53:15,215 --> 00:53:20,311
You say that Germans will
take reprisals, shoot hostages.
570
00:53:20,335 --> 00:53:22,311
Let them try.
571
00:53:22,335 --> 00:53:25,007
We'll make the whole of
Rome rise against them.
572
00:53:25,068 --> 00:53:26,135
He's right.
573
00:53:27,815 --> 00:53:29,375
I have children,
574
00:53:30,895 --> 00:53:33,911
one day I want them to say,
575
00:53:33,935 --> 00:53:36,871
"My father chose to drown in blood"
576
00:53:36,895 --> 00:53:39,271
"rather than live in shit."
577
00:53:39,295 --> 00:53:42,871
I know you've been calling
for hours, General Maelzer,
578
00:53:42,895 --> 00:53:46,311
but please try to calm yourself.
579
00:53:46,335 --> 00:53:48,871
I understand how you feel.
580
00:53:48,895 --> 00:53:52,031
Perhaps you've lost
the habit of seeing blood.
581
00:53:52,055 --> 00:53:57,711
From now on, we must all get used to the
idea that the partisans are an army too.
582
00:53:57,735 --> 00:54:00,431
Now listen carefully,
583
00:54:00,455 --> 00:54:03,311
I've spoken to Berlin several times.
584
00:54:03,335 --> 00:54:06,991
The matter has been thought out
more carefully.
585
00:54:07,015 --> 00:54:10,351
Your orders have been
dispatched to you by teletype.
586
00:54:10,375 --> 00:54:12,895
They are to be
carried out accordingly.
587
00:54:36,175 --> 00:54:39,911
These are not my orders, gentlemen.
588
00:54:39,935 --> 00:54:44,591
Not the Chief of Staff's
and not from the High Commander.
589
00:54:44,615 --> 00:54:47,151
What I have here, my friends,
590
00:54:47,175 --> 00:54:49,695
is an order from the Fuhrer himself.
591
00:54:51,455 --> 00:54:54,775
The Fuhrer has reconsidered,
Kappler.
592
00:54:56,295 --> 00:55:00,951
Field Marshal Kesselring argued the case
that the measures proposed were excessive.
593
00:55:00,975 --> 00:55:04,511
I think we can all be proud
that the Field Marshal succeeded
594
00:55:04,535 --> 00:55:09,791
in making an honest and generous
effort to exercise humanity.
595
00:55:09,815 --> 00:55:13,871
50 to 1 is hardly the same
as 10 to 1.
596
00:55:13,895 --> 00:55:20,711
It is the Fuhrer's expressed wish that the
entire operation is completed in 24 hours.
597
00:55:20,735 --> 00:55:23,191
The official order
was despatched at 1910.
598
00:55:23,215 --> 00:55:26,591
It is now a few minutes to midnight.
That means we have...
599
00:55:26,615 --> 00:55:29,215
19 hours and 10 minutes, sir.
May I see that teletype?
600
00:55:31,615 --> 00:55:33,871
32 of our men are dead.
601
00:55:33,895 --> 00:55:36,791
That means 320 Italians.
602
00:55:36,815 --> 00:55:38,871
Kappler, you will make up the list.
603
00:55:38,895 --> 00:55:43,831
This order, sir, calls for those condemned
to death and those accused of serious crimes,
604
00:55:43,855 --> 00:55:47,671
we may not hold enough prisoners
sufficient to complete the quota.
605
00:55:47,695 --> 00:55:49,311
I'll leave that for you to resolve.
606
00:55:49,335 --> 00:55:51,431
You're the best judge.
Caruso will help you.
607
00:55:51,455 --> 00:55:53,951
Caruso, you will furnish
Kappler with 80 names.
608
00:55:53,975 --> 00:55:56,391
More, if he needs them. 80?
609
00:55:56,415 --> 00:55:58,151
General, that's impossible.
610
00:55:58,175 --> 00:55:59,911
We have only a few.
611
00:55:59,935 --> 00:56:02,831
10, 12.
612
00:56:02,855 --> 00:56:05,151
We have no way of... All right.
613
00:56:05,175 --> 00:56:07,511
Make it 50, for now.
614
00:56:07,535 --> 00:56:10,495
But, General, we need...
615
00:56:12,215 --> 00:56:15,671
Could we have an
official letter for the 50 names?
616
00:56:15,695 --> 00:56:17,335
Coordinate that with Kappler.
617
00:56:22,015 --> 00:56:24,397
Schutz, How many men
in the Via Tasso.
618
00:56:24,458 --> 00:56:26,871
- Sentenced to death?
- Three, sir. - Who?
619
00:56:26,895 --> 00:56:29,191
A communist, a spy and a saboteur.
620
00:56:29,215 --> 00:56:31,231
How many in the Regina Coeli prison?
621
00:56:31,255 --> 00:56:33,431
- None, sir.
- Life sentences?
622
00:56:33,455 --> 00:56:34,751
- None, sir.
- Any kind of sentence?
623
00:56:34,775 --> 00:56:36,855
We have several with
terms ranging from...
624
00:56:36,916 --> 00:56:38,620
Several? Now what do
you mean by several?
625
00:56:38,644 --> 00:56:40,835
- 16, sir.
- 16.
626
00:56:41,135 --> 00:56:43,831
3 and 16.
627
00:56:43,855 --> 00:56:49,351
We have 3 men sentenced to death
and they want 320. It's impossible.
628
00:56:49,375 --> 00:56:50,991
- Priebke?
- Sir?
629
00:56:51,015 --> 00:56:55,311
Contact the President of the Military
Tribunal. Wake him if you have to.
630
00:56:55,335 --> 00:56:58,271
I want written authorisation
for the 3 and the 16.
631
00:56:58,295 --> 00:57:00,869
Yes, sir. I want permission
in writing to include
632
00:57:00,930 --> 00:57:03,555
all those awaiting sentence
for serious of fences.
633
00:57:06,695 --> 00:57:08,935
Get me General Harster in Verona.
634
00:57:11,215 --> 00:57:12,391
Yes.
635
00:57:12,415 --> 00:57:14,671
Domizlaf, get over to Caruso.
636
00:57:14,695 --> 00:57:17,321
I want the names of those
arrested in the Via Rasella
637
00:57:17,382 --> 00:57:18,951
and everything known about them.
638
00:57:18,975 --> 00:57:21,215
I'll join you after I
talk to General Harster.
639
00:57:21,276 --> 00:57:23,391
- Harster?
- Yes, yes, he can help us.
640
00:57:23,415 --> 00:57:27,191
He has jurisdiction over a category
I totally overlooked. All right.
641
00:57:27,215 --> 00:57:28,695
Right away, Colonel.
642
00:57:30,295 --> 00:57:33,895
Yes, it would be easier to show
their guilt.
643
00:57:41,855 --> 00:57:44,655
General Harster?
Kappler here, sir. Kappler in Rome.
644
00:57:47,335 --> 00:57:49,911
Yes, I heard.
645
00:57:49,935 --> 00:57:51,911
Look, Kappler, what
do you want me to do?
646
00:57:51,935 --> 00:57:54,151
The important thing is
to complete the list.
647
00:57:54,175 --> 00:57:56,791
If you can't reach the right figure,
take Jews.
648
00:57:56,815 --> 00:57:59,471
Then I have your absolute
authorisation, sir.
649
00:57:59,495 --> 00:58:03,311
Thank you. Goodnight, sir. Schutz.
650
00:58:03,335 --> 00:58:05,551
Count the Jews, I make it 57.
651
00:58:05,575 --> 00:58:07,095
Sir.
652
00:58:10,375 --> 00:58:11,671
57, sir.
653
00:58:11,695 --> 00:58:14,639
We have another 8 at Regina Coeli
being held for other reasons.
654
00:58:14,700 --> 00:58:16,271
Anti-fascism and political crimes, I think.
655
00:58:16,295 --> 00:58:18,111
- Add them to the list.
- Right, sir.
656
00:58:18,135 --> 00:58:19,871
57.
657
00:58:19,895 --> 00:58:23,751
65... 71.
658
00:58:23,775 --> 00:58:25,591
85 plus...
659
00:58:25,615 --> 00:58:32,351
135 leaving us 185 to go. Yes?
660
00:58:32,375 --> 00:58:35,911
I telephoned, sir. We have full
authorisation from the President.
661
00:58:35,935 --> 00:58:39,751
Hear that, Schutz. He refuses to accept
responsibility for those awaiting trial.
662
00:58:39,775 --> 00:58:42,591
How can I believe that? We need
permission from the Chief Justice.
663
00:58:42,615 --> 00:58:45,991
So I telephoned the Chief Justice...
And? Permission granted, sir.
664
00:58:46,015 --> 00:58:48,791
- Good. Good. Get it in writing.
- Sir.
665
00:58:48,815 --> 00:58:51,215
- Schutz, put these lists together.
- Yes, sir.
666
00:58:52,895 --> 00:58:56,791
We shall have to go through
the names very carefully.
667
00:58:56,815 --> 00:59:00,991
First I must get over to Domizlaf
in Caruso's office.
668
00:59:01,015 --> 00:59:02,975
We shall need every name we can get.
669
00:59:05,695 --> 00:59:08,751
Not going to be easy, gentlemen.
670
00:59:08,775 --> 00:59:13,151
You realise, of course,
the necessity for
671
00:59:13,175 --> 00:59:16,071
lightning speed and
the utmost secrecy.
672
00:59:16,095 --> 00:59:17,671
Well, to tell you the truth, sir,
673
00:59:17,695 --> 00:59:21,231
the boys would rather get their
hands on the people who did it.
674
00:59:21,255 --> 00:59:25,111
It's nothing to do with us but there
are security aspects involved
675
00:59:25,135 --> 00:59:28,215
and we must examine them
with the utmost attention.
676
00:59:29,735 --> 00:59:34,255
Anything can happen now, with the Americans at
the gates of the city, it could be total chaos.
677
00:59:37,735 --> 00:59:39,255
Could be the end.
678
00:59:41,375 --> 00:59:43,175
Could be the end of Rome.
679
00:59:44,815 --> 00:59:48,431
Don't tell me you came to see me
at this hour of night
680
00:59:48,455 --> 00:59:51,871
just because Kappler
covets another painting?
681
00:59:51,895 --> 00:59:56,591
No, Father, this time I have not
come to take but to give.
682
00:59:56,615 --> 01:00:00,831
I came at this hour in the hope of
keeping this particular meeting secret.
683
01:00:00,855 --> 01:00:03,671
I don't see how our meetings
can be kept secret,
684
01:00:03,695 --> 01:00:06,911
the diplomatic mission
the Holy Father has given me
685
01:00:06,935 --> 01:00:08,711
is virtually public knowledge.
686
01:00:08,735 --> 01:00:12,991
In any case, what I'm about to tell you
will remain only between you and me.
687
01:00:13,015 --> 01:00:15,271
You heard what happened
in Via Rasella?
688
01:00:15,295 --> 01:00:17,671
Of course. I have few details.
689
01:00:17,695 --> 01:00:22,391
32 German soldiers were killed. 320
Italians are to be shot in reprisal.
690
01:00:22,415 --> 01:00:25,135
The order has come
down from very high.
691
01:00:26,655 --> 01:00:30,191
In my opinion we are about to commit
an error which has to be avoided.
692
01:00:30,215 --> 01:00:34,791
Don't misunderstand me, the fate
of 320 Italians matters little to me
693
01:00:34,815 --> 01:00:38,031
compared to the 10 or 15 million
we've already lost in this war.
694
01:00:38,055 --> 01:00:40,415
But we must be prudent.
695
01:00:41,935 --> 01:00:47,471
A German reprisal will provoke public
outrage and hatred of a most violent kind.
696
01:00:47,495 --> 01:00:50,511
Need I tell you that
Rome is a time bomb.
697
01:00:50,535 --> 01:00:54,151
And the partisan movement is only waiting
for a moment to unite the resistance.
698
01:00:54,175 --> 01:00:56,911
You said you came here to give.
699
01:00:56,935 --> 01:00:58,495
Yes, Father.
700
01:01:00,415 --> 01:01:04,695
To give you the name of the only person in
the world who perhaps can avoid this reprisal.
701
01:01:07,455 --> 01:01:11,175
The Holy Father. The Holy Father.
702
01:01:16,175 --> 01:01:21,631
The complicity of at least some of the people
who live in the Via Rasella goes without saying.
703
01:01:21,655 --> 01:01:25,711
The attackers could not have planned
and perpetrated this outrage
704
01:01:25,735 --> 01:01:27,151
without their support.
705
01:01:27,175 --> 01:01:29,751
This is all your men managed to find,
Caruso.
706
01:01:29,775 --> 01:01:33,271
We searched all the
houses on the street.
707
01:01:33,295 --> 01:01:35,471
We found papers and pamphlets...
708
01:01:35,495 --> 01:01:40,791
in English. Yes, what else?
709
01:01:40,815 --> 01:01:42,671
How many have you arrested?
710
01:01:42,695 --> 01:01:46,191
Oh, about 10.
711
01:01:46,215 --> 01:01:49,431
Get their names.
I want those on my list.
712
01:01:49,455 --> 01:01:51,991
But I wanted them for mine.
They are for mine.
713
01:01:52,015 --> 01:01:54,791
You will give us 50 names
by 10 o'clock in the morning.
714
01:01:54,815 --> 01:01:57,215
I need authorisation from
Buffarini-Guidi. Then get it!
715
01:01:58,735 --> 01:02:01,031
Signor Colonnello, we don't have 50.
716
01:02:01,055 --> 01:02:02,975
Then give us Jews.
717
01:03:32,895 --> 01:03:35,151
Giglio...
718
01:03:35,175 --> 01:03:40,415
Mass...
719
01:03:45,455 --> 01:03:46,671
Minardi...
720
01:03:57,815 --> 01:03:59,495
Pilo.
721
01:04:07,815 --> 01:04:10,111
Lombardi.
722
01:04:48,535 --> 01:04:50,751
I spoke with the Duce last night.
723
01:04:50,775 --> 01:04:52,631
To be fair to you, Your Excellency.
724
01:04:52,655 --> 01:04:56,191
I think it would be best if you
act on behalf of the government.
725
01:04:56,215 --> 01:04:58,431
The Duce says he wants more details.
726
01:04:58,455 --> 01:05:01,431
So, when you have finished Kappler,
make me out a report.
727
01:05:01,455 --> 01:05:04,511
Kappler wants 50 names. 50.
728
01:05:04,535 --> 01:05:07,111
I don't have the authority.
729
01:05:07,135 --> 01:05:10,231
Your Excellency, what can I do?
730
01:05:10,255 --> 01:05:12,271
What can I do?
731
01:05:12,295 --> 01:05:15,351
You must give them to him otherwise
who knows what will happen?
732
01:05:15,375 --> 01:05:17,831
Yes, yes.
Give them to him. Give them to him.
733
01:05:17,855 --> 01:05:21,655
In that case, could you give me
a written order, Your Excellency.
734
01:05:23,175 --> 01:05:26,191
Why do you think I made you
Chief of Police, Caruso.
735
01:05:26,215 --> 01:05:28,551
In Tuscany we have a saying,
736
01:05:28,575 --> 01:05:31,911
if you ask for a bicycle,
then you must pedal it.
737
01:05:31,935 --> 01:05:34,031
Just don't get me involved.
738
01:05:34,055 --> 01:05:35,855
I'm in it up to my neck already.
739
01:05:39,335 --> 01:05:41,991
All right. We'll give him a list.
740
01:05:42,015 --> 01:05:44,391
Anyway, we are on a list ourselves,
741
01:05:44,415 --> 01:05:46,895
are we not, Your Excellency?
742
01:05:48,855 --> 01:05:55,711
Colonel, I have double checked with Caruso's
office and they say the list is still incomplete.
743
01:05:55,735 --> 01:05:58,175
Never mind Caruso for the moment.
744
01:05:59,695 --> 01:06:01,511
We have another problem.
745
01:06:01,535 --> 01:06:04,511
Burial site.
746
01:06:04,535 --> 01:06:07,015
Dobrich is in charge of
the execution, but where?
747
01:06:08,535 --> 01:06:10,831
It's a security problem.
748
01:06:10,855 --> 01:06:12,935
We must find a suitable place.
749
01:06:14,495 --> 01:06:16,455
Take days to...
750
01:06:18,495 --> 01:06:21,095
dig a burial site, a communal grave.
751
01:06:23,255 --> 01:06:25,471
Think in terms of a...
752
01:06:25,495 --> 01:06:27,671
grotto, a large
753
01:06:27,695 --> 01:06:29,655
natural death chamber.
754
01:06:35,015 --> 01:06:37,071
Colonel, the priest is here.
755
01:06:37,095 --> 01:06:39,111
Priest? What priest?
Father Antonelli.
756
01:06:39,135 --> 01:06:41,191
What's he want?
He says he must speak to you.
757
01:06:41,215 --> 01:06:42,735
Where is he?
758
01:06:45,855 --> 01:06:48,191
I can only give you
a few minutes, Father.
759
01:06:48,215 --> 01:06:50,911
Colonel, I came here because
you have been kind to me.
760
01:06:50,935 --> 01:06:53,671
I would like to know what will
happen now, innocent...
761
01:06:53,695 --> 01:06:58,431
It will be a fair reprisal, Father, carried out
according to the laws of the Hague Convention.
762
01:06:58,455 --> 01:07:00,071
So war has laws too?
763
01:07:00,095 --> 01:07:03,191
Yes, and we will respect them.
764
01:07:03,215 --> 01:07:09,271
The law provides for retaliation against
illegal attacks on our Armed Forces.
765
01:07:09,295 --> 01:07:11,831
They said it was
an act of open warfare.
766
01:07:11,855 --> 01:07:13,991
They? Do you know them?
767
01:07:14,015 --> 01:07:16,911
How many are there? 2? 3? 5?
768
01:07:16,935 --> 01:07:19,551
- Who are they, Father?
- Everybody.
769
01:07:19,575 --> 01:07:23,991
It's the only thing people are talking about
all over Rome. But you haven't said anything.
770
01:07:24,015 --> 01:07:28,551
You've given a warning if the persons
responsible do not come forward we shall shoot.
771
01:07:28,575 --> 01:07:30,271
They are still waiting to hear.
772
01:07:30,295 --> 01:07:32,191
They might give themselves up.
773
01:07:32,215 --> 01:07:36,311
And what would we do with a handful
of assassins? That's not enough, Father.
774
01:07:36,335 --> 01:07:39,351
And you call this a reprisal.
775
01:07:39,375 --> 01:07:41,791
Did you make any effort
to find the attackers?
776
01:07:41,815 --> 01:07:45,551
Did you make a public announcement
warning the people of Rome
777
01:07:45,575 --> 01:07:49,311
what measures would be taken
against them? You did not.
778
01:07:49,335 --> 01:07:51,431
Italy is our ally.
779
01:07:51,455 --> 01:07:54,191
Italy. But what's Italy?
There are two sides now.
780
01:07:54,215 --> 01:07:56,151
And you are on the wrong side.
781
01:07:56,175 --> 01:07:59,511
No, Colonel, this is not a reprisal.
782
01:07:59,535 --> 01:08:01,151
Do not pretend to yourself.
783
01:08:01,175 --> 01:08:04,831
You are not big enough to cover
crime with fancy words.
784
01:08:04,855 --> 01:08:06,791
This is human slaughter
by any name.
785
01:08:06,815 --> 01:08:11,351
But you haven't even followed
the most mandatory rule of war.
786
01:08:11,375 --> 01:08:13,751
It's too late, Father.
787
01:08:13,775 --> 01:08:17,471
Machinery is running by itself.
Then stop the machinery.
788
01:08:17,495 --> 01:08:21,071
The machinery is what you call God, I
cannot stop it any more than I can...
789
01:08:21,095 --> 01:08:23,511
than a bullet can stop
being fired by a gun.
790
01:08:23,535 --> 01:08:27,671
I'm a man, alone, weighing
nothing in the scale of things.
791
01:08:27,695 --> 01:08:29,431
And you cannot stop it, Father.
792
01:08:29,455 --> 01:08:31,175
That is all.
793
01:08:33,815 --> 01:08:36,511
I'll let the spin
of the wheel decide.
794
01:08:36,535 --> 01:08:40,511
God doesn't spin wheels
to decide the fate of man.
795
01:08:40,535 --> 01:08:43,135
Your God died 2000 years ago.
796
01:08:46,535 --> 01:08:51,911
This is the list. You have made up
the list of the men who will die.
797
01:08:51,935 --> 01:08:53,655
I can only say that for...
798
01:08:55,175 --> 01:08:58,191
every name that I wrote
I thought three times.
799
01:08:58,215 --> 01:08:59,751
Three times.
800
01:08:59,775 --> 01:09:01,791
Do something, Colonel. Delay.
801
01:09:01,815 --> 01:09:04,615
- Destroy it. Burn it.
- Are you mad?!
802
01:09:08,855 --> 01:09:11,911
You see that, Colonel?
803
01:09:11,935 --> 01:09:15,031
The eternal symbol of renewal
of hope and change.
804
01:09:15,055 --> 01:09:16,711
Many people sleep late.
805
01:09:16,735 --> 01:09:19,871
They miss the dawn,
but it dawns for every man.
806
01:09:19,895 --> 01:09:23,391
Many people, Father,
dream when they're awake.
807
01:09:23,415 --> 01:09:25,591
I pity you, Colonel.
808
01:09:25,615 --> 01:09:27,111
Don't pity me.
809
01:09:27,135 --> 01:09:31,471
Pity the man who has to...
carry out this deed.
810
01:09:31,495 --> 01:09:36,631
I'll stop you. Father Pancrazio will
speak to the Pope. We will stop you.
811
01:09:36,655 --> 01:09:39,471
The Pope is...
812
01:09:39,495 --> 01:09:43,191
very heavily burdened. Surely you
don't want to add to his burden.
813
01:09:43,215 --> 01:09:48,671
His Holiness would prefer to hear
about it... after.
814
01:09:48,695 --> 01:09:50,951
Father Antonelli.
815
01:09:50,975 --> 01:09:52,991
I admire you.
816
01:09:53,015 --> 01:09:56,031
Admire your mind.
817
01:09:56,055 --> 01:09:59,431
I admire your courage.
818
01:09:59,455 --> 01:10:02,711
But I detest men with illusions.
819
01:10:02,735 --> 01:10:04,695
Don't press your luck.
820
01:10:34,815 --> 01:10:37,951
A telephone from Colonel
Kappler's office, sir.
821
01:10:37,975 --> 01:10:40,351
How many names has he got?
He's finished.
822
01:10:40,375 --> 01:10:42,655
- And he says we are late.
- Late?
823
01:10:47,375 --> 01:10:50,711
It's easy to say late.
824
01:10:50,735 --> 01:10:54,631
He's going to say,
I had only 50 names.
825
01:10:54,655 --> 01:10:57,831
But these are Italians.
826
01:10:57,855 --> 01:11:00,271
I take more care.
827
01:11:00,295 --> 01:11:03,031
I go over every name three times.
828
01:11:03,055 --> 01:11:05,791
Three. Three times!
829
01:11:05,815 --> 01:11:08,231
Where are they?
830
01:11:08,255 --> 01:11:10,511
They went away just after you left.
831
01:11:10,535 --> 01:11:13,751
They didn't leave a message?
No. Do you know where Elena lives?
832
01:11:13,775 --> 01:11:15,471
Paulo? The others?
833
01:11:15,495 --> 01:11:17,831
Few people live at home these days.
834
01:11:17,855 --> 01:11:20,111
God help them.
835
01:11:20,135 --> 01:11:22,871
God help us all.
836
01:11:22,895 --> 01:11:25,151
- Where is the Father General?
- He's out.
837
01:11:25,175 --> 01:11:28,871
I can see that but
I want to know where. You want?
838
01:11:28,895 --> 01:11:31,991
I meant I MUST know where he is.
839
01:11:32,015 --> 01:11:34,471
It's a question of life and death.
Do you understand?
840
01:11:34,495 --> 01:11:38,391
Everything is a question of life and
death these days, Father Antonelli.
841
01:11:38,415 --> 01:11:43,791
Father, please listen to me. I must
see the Father General at once.
842
01:11:43,815 --> 01:11:48,391
You should know by now,
he sees the Holy Father every day.
843
01:11:48,415 --> 01:11:50,055
He's at the Vatican...
844
01:11:53,575 --> 01:11:57,071
Where we cannot
possibly disturb him.
845
01:11:57,095 --> 01:12:01,132
'Yesterday according
to the public records bureau,
846
01:12:01,193 --> 01:12:02,815
80 persons were born.
847
01:12:03,215 --> 01:12:05,295
'77 died.'
848
01:12:06,815 --> 01:12:10,671
'The Rome stock exchange recorded
minor gains yesterday...'
849
01:12:10,695 --> 01:12:12,511
Who is it?
850
01:12:12,535 --> 01:12:14,551
Aldo.
851
01:12:14,575 --> 01:12:16,655
Ciao.
852
01:12:20,575 --> 01:12:25,631
'For the benefit of our listeners, we will now
read the schedule of radio programmes for today.
853
01:12:25,655 --> 01:12:28,671
'News broadcast at 5...'
854
01:12:28,695 --> 01:12:30,751
Nothing.
855
01:12:30,775 --> 01:12:33,391
Rome beat Lazio in soccer.
856
01:12:33,415 --> 01:12:36,951
There's a new Swedish film
at the Barbarini.
857
01:12:36,975 --> 01:12:39,511
Nothing about Verasella.
858
01:12:39,535 --> 01:12:42,711
The radio, the newspapers, nothing.
859
01:12:42,735 --> 01:12:44,671
Like it didn't happen.
860
01:12:44,695 --> 01:12:46,551
It did happen.
861
01:12:46,575 --> 01:12:48,575
I shall never forget it.
862
01:12:50,095 --> 01:12:53,311
'4.45, Melodies and Romance,
863
01:12:53,335 --> 01:12:57,271
'5.30, Invitation to the Opera.
864
01:12:57,295 --> 01:13:00,135
'8.20...'
865
01:13:58,415 --> 01:14:00,671
I know, that is why I am here.
866
01:14:00,695 --> 01:14:03,991
Try to prevent a senseless act
on the part of the Germans.
867
01:14:04,015 --> 01:14:06,231
Yes, but... Listen to me.
868
01:14:06,255 --> 01:14:11,391
Together with someone of great importance, I have
prepared a plan for the Holy Father to consider.
869
01:14:11,415 --> 01:14:15,471
Now be assured, he will give
this matter his utmost attention.
870
01:14:15,495 --> 01:14:22,111
First, let he try to postpone the
reprisals, at least for the time being.
871
01:14:22,135 --> 01:14:28,311
Secondly, a requiem mass in one of the
basilicas of Rome for the dead German soldiers.
872
01:14:28,335 --> 01:14:32,511
The Holy Father might -
I say might - be present.
873
01:14:32,535 --> 01:14:36,551
I have no doubt this will
arouse sympathy everywhere
874
01:14:36,575 --> 01:14:40,271
and possibly soften the hearts
of those Germans
875
01:14:40,295 --> 01:14:44,191
who have made this
reckless decision.
876
01:14:44,215 --> 01:14:45,735
Father General.
877
01:14:47,575 --> 01:14:51,031
Meet me at the Salvatorian Mission.
878
01:14:51,055 --> 01:14:53,991
Wait there and pray.
879
01:14:54,015 --> 01:14:55,535
Pray.
880
01:15:06,895 --> 01:15:09,831
You refuse?
881
01:15:09,855 --> 01:15:11,511
You refuse?!
882
01:15:11,535 --> 01:15:14,991
My men are not trained for
an operation of this kind.
883
01:15:15,015 --> 01:15:17,191
Most of them are just recruits.
884
01:15:17,215 --> 01:15:20,471
Your men have been murdered
885
01:15:20,495 --> 01:15:24,695
and you behave as though
it didn't concern you.
886
01:15:26,215 --> 01:15:28,271
You refuse
887
01:15:28,295 --> 01:15:30,871
to obey an order
888
01:15:30,895 --> 01:15:33,415
of the Fuhrer himself!
889
01:15:35,175 --> 01:15:38,471
That is high treason.
890
01:15:38,495 --> 01:15:43,071
And you will answer for it
before a Court Marshal.
891
01:15:43,095 --> 01:15:45,935
Consider yourself under arrest!
892
01:15:48,855 --> 01:15:51,535
Get me General
Machensen's Headquarters.
893
01:15:56,175 --> 01:15:59,951
The major
refuses to carry out his orders.
894
01:15:59,975 --> 01:16:03,711
My list is ready, sir. With Caruso's
50, that should complete the list.
895
01:16:03,735 --> 01:16:05,271
We also have a...
896
01:16:05,295 --> 01:16:08,991
Yes. Yes, put him through.
897
01:16:09,015 --> 01:16:10,711
Colonel Hauser.
898
01:16:10,735 --> 01:16:17,111
Colonel, you will proceed with the utmost urgency
to place a detachment of your men at my disposal.
899
01:16:17,135 --> 01:16:22,031
They will proceed with the
execution of 320 hostages.
900
01:16:22,055 --> 01:16:24,855
What? You will what?!
901
01:16:29,735 --> 01:16:32,351
Here are the names, sir.
Quite an ordeal.
902
01:16:32,375 --> 01:16:36,517
This is a report on the
execution site and here is...
903
01:16:37,978 --> 01:16:42,031
a copy of the plan of the place of
execution which we considered most suitable.
904
01:16:42,055 --> 01:16:47,431
Colonel Hauser has refused
to place his men at my disposal.
905
01:16:47,455 --> 01:16:51,391
He says it is a job for the SS
and not the army.
906
01:16:51,415 --> 01:16:54,191
Well, I would say he's correct, sir.
907
01:16:54,215 --> 01:16:55,751
Kappler, you don't understand.
908
01:16:55,775 --> 01:16:57,511
Doprich has refused.
909
01:16:57,535 --> 01:16:59,071
Hauser has refused.
910
01:16:59,095 --> 01:17:02,431
In other words, he washes
his hands of the whole affair.
911
01:17:02,455 --> 01:17:06,551
We have only eight hours left. What good
is your list? Who is going to shoot them?
912
01:17:06,575 --> 01:17:10,095
I shouldn't worry, sir. I'm sure
you'll find somebody to do it.
913
01:17:12,935 --> 01:17:14,735
Yes, you.
914
01:17:18,575 --> 01:17:20,615
You will do it.
915
01:17:28,735 --> 01:17:30,815
That is an official order, sir.
916
01:17:32,335 --> 01:17:38,351
I will of course put my men at your
disposal for this... operation.
917
01:17:38,375 --> 01:17:39,895
No, Kappler.
918
01:17:41,415 --> 01:17:45,271
As Commander
of the security forces in Rome,
919
01:17:45,295 --> 01:17:48,471
it is your duty
to set your men an example.
920
01:17:48,495 --> 01:17:54,151
You and all your officers must participate
at least once in this operation.
921
01:17:54,175 --> 01:17:56,351
That is my official order.
922
01:17:56,375 --> 01:17:58,671
And of course,
you shall have it in writing.
923
01:17:58,695 --> 01:18:00,471
You're quite right, sir.
924
01:18:00,495 --> 01:18:05,455
I shouldn't ask my men to do
something I'm not prepared to do myself.
925
01:18:07,095 --> 01:18:10,111
I consider it a symbolic necessity.
926
01:18:10,135 --> 01:18:13,031
You're a fine officer, Kappler.
927
01:18:13,055 --> 01:18:15,951
I will mention you in my report
to the Fuhrer.
928
01:18:15,975 --> 01:18:18,095
This could
be very important for you.
929
01:18:19,615 --> 01:18:22,975
Five times I volunteered for
the Eastern Front. Five times.
930
01:18:24,615 --> 01:18:26,615
Five times I was refused.
931
01:18:28,135 --> 01:18:32,535
They told me
I'd have an important part to play...
932
01:18:34,815 --> 01:18:37,135
...important part to play in Rome.
933
01:19:13,735 --> 01:19:19,231
Gentlemen, you all know why we're here, so
I won't waste what little time we have left.
934
01:19:19,255 --> 01:19:24,471
Captain Priebke to whom I've already
spoken is briefing the men.
935
01:19:24,495 --> 01:19:28,231
I would like to say two
preliminary things, however.
936
01:19:28,255 --> 01:19:31,471
First, there is no question
of moral guilt on our part.
937
01:19:31,495 --> 01:19:35,271
We are soldiers obeying
precise orders.
938
01:19:35,295 --> 01:19:41,431
Secondly, all 74 of us, officers and men, all of
German nationality will take part in this operation.
939
01:19:41,455 --> 01:19:44,191
Anyone refusing to do so
will face a military tribunal.
940
01:19:44,215 --> 01:19:47,191
I don't need to tell
you what that means.
941
01:19:47,215 --> 01:19:49,071
Like many of you here,
942
01:19:49,095 --> 01:19:50,615
I've never killed a man.
943
01:19:52,295 --> 01:19:54,391
I will fire the first bullet.
944
01:19:54,415 --> 01:20:01,071
I'm certain I speak for all of us here,
Colonel, when I say we will all do our duty.
945
01:20:01,095 --> 01:20:04,031
Thank you gentlemen.
946
01:20:04,055 --> 01:20:05,831
This is the operation site.
947
01:20:05,855 --> 01:20:12,791
A series of abandoned man-made caves about three
and a half kilometres southwest of where we are now.
948
01:20:12,815 --> 01:20:16,031
And at the Via Ardeatina
which is there.
949
01:20:16,055 --> 01:20:18,471
The tunnels are made of limestone.
950
01:20:18,495 --> 01:20:21,431
When sealed, they will make
a natural death chamber
951
01:20:21,455 --> 01:20:25,335
and the limestone will accelerate
the decomposition of the remains.
952
01:20:27,455 --> 01:20:33,295
The tunnels are already being mined and will
be blown shut on completion of the operation.
953
01:20:34,815 --> 01:20:37,671
The prisoners will be led in here.
954
01:20:37,695 --> 01:20:42,391
The executions will take place
by pistol fire, the Mauser.
955
01:20:42,415 --> 01:20:46,631
The prisoners will be shot in
batches of five by platoons of five.
956
01:20:46,655 --> 01:20:50,511
It therefore follows that each of
us here will kill four or five men.
957
01:20:50,535 --> 01:20:53,495
I will now demonstrate
the procedure to be followed.
958
01:20:57,975 --> 01:21:01,431
The prisoner will kneel,
head pushed slightly forward.
959
01:21:01,455 --> 01:21:03,391
The muzzle of the gun will be
placed in the nape of the neck.
960
01:21:03,415 --> 01:21:06,711
Close, but contact is unnecessary.
961
01:21:06,735 --> 01:21:12,871
The bullet will pass from low to high through the
centre of the brain causing instant and painless death.
962
01:21:12,895 --> 01:21:15,631
Thank you. I calculate three
hours to round up the prisoners.
963
01:21:15,655 --> 01:21:19,991
One hour for transportation to the
caves, one minute for each execution.
964
01:21:20,015 --> 01:21:25,391
We should be finished by sundown, a couple of hours
ahead of time, if all goes... if all goes as planned.
965
01:21:25,415 --> 01:21:29,151
I have already ordered 40 trucks from the motor
pool, but Colonel, they're making difficulties.
966
01:21:29,175 --> 01:21:33,471
What difficulties? 18 of the trucks are
normally used to transport meat supplies.
967
01:21:33,495 --> 01:21:36,911
And the officer in charge objects
that if men are carried in them,
968
01:21:36,935 --> 01:21:39,271
they'll need to be
sterilised afterwards.
969
01:21:39,295 --> 01:21:43,471
Get the trucks!
I will answer to the objections.
970
01:21:43,495 --> 01:21:46,791
Gentlemen, we must not
attract attention at all costs.
971
01:21:46,815 --> 01:21:49,015
Our best safety is speed.
972
01:21:50,735 --> 01:21:54,495
The hospital just telephoned,
Colonel. Another man has died.
973
01:21:56,615 --> 01:22:01,871
Very well. I shall add ten more names
to the list making it 330 in all.
974
01:22:01,895 --> 01:22:03,751
Modify your plans accordingly.
975
01:22:03,775 --> 01:22:05,855
That'll be all.
976
01:22:09,535 --> 01:22:15,631
Priebke, the other evening you were telling
me about ten Jews living in Arian households.
977
01:22:15,655 --> 01:22:18,791
I ordered you to arrest them.
Are they in custody?
978
01:22:18,815 --> 01:22:20,751
At Regina Coeli prison, sir.
979
01:22:20,775 --> 01:22:22,615
Add them to the list.
980
01:22:26,575 --> 01:22:30,855
Send over a few cases
of Cognac to the caves.
981
01:22:32,775 --> 01:22:34,791
Our men will not find it easy.
982
01:22:34,815 --> 01:22:36,975
Yes, sir.
983
01:22:40,535 --> 01:22:42,055
Please sit down.
984
01:22:53,255 --> 01:22:55,751
I am sorry you've
had to wait so long.
985
01:22:55,775 --> 01:22:58,551
Father, please, tell
me what has been done.
986
01:22:58,575 --> 01:23:01,591
All that was humanly possible,
my son.
987
01:23:01,615 --> 01:23:03,631
Then it wasn't stopped?
988
01:23:03,655 --> 01:23:07,111
The Holy Father has given
serious consideration
989
01:23:07,135 --> 01:23:12,151
to the possibility of his intervention,
but the Germans have threatened
990
01:23:12,175 --> 01:23:17,511
to re-examine their attitude towards the
present negotiations for the salvation of Rome.
991
01:23:17,535 --> 01:23:21,471
Salvation of Rome? What salvation,
Father? Whose salvation?
992
01:23:21,495 --> 01:23:27,551
Father Antonelli, even at a moment
like this, we must never forget
993
01:23:27,575 --> 01:23:32,791
that the Germans are our last
hope against atheist Communism.
994
01:23:32,815 --> 01:23:36,231
Do you mean to tell me the Pope
refused to intervene?
995
01:23:36,255 --> 01:23:39,335
That he has forgotten
he is the Parish Priest of Rome?
996
01:23:40,975 --> 01:23:43,895
How dare you pass judgement?
997
01:23:46,215 --> 01:23:49,911
The Holy Father
is a prisoner of history.
998
01:23:49,935 --> 01:23:54,551
He must think and act in
terms that are universal.
999
01:23:54,575 --> 01:23:56,591
So the church renounces her mission?
1000
01:23:56,615 --> 01:24:00,831
The Holy Father's chosen to do
nothing. We have all chosen to do nothing!
1001
01:24:00,855 --> 01:24:03,751
Please keep calm, Father Antonelli.
1002
01:24:03,775 --> 01:24:05,711
These hours have not passed in vain.
1003
01:24:05,735 --> 01:24:12,591
We have drawn up a statement that will appear on
the front page of the Romano tomorrow. Tomorrow?
1004
01:24:12,615 --> 01:24:17,895
Let me read it to you, my son
and then you can judge for yourself.
1005
01:24:19,735 --> 01:24:25,511
"In these anxious hours,
we turn our thoughts particularly"
1006
01:24:25,535 --> 01:24:32,111
"to the city of Rome, so often
tortured by anguish and tribulation."
1007
01:24:32,135 --> 01:24:38,831
"Our appeal is made directly to the conscience of
the population who have so admirably demonstrated"
1008
01:24:38,855 --> 01:24:43,271
"their spirit of sacrifice
and profound sense of dignity."
1009
01:24:43,295 --> 01:24:50,591
"Do not with violent urges, shatter this attitude
which is so worthy of the virtues of our people."
1010
01:24:50,615 --> 01:24:54,191
"Every ill-considered act
would have no other result"
1011
01:24:54,215 --> 01:25:00,351
"than to end by injuring many innocent
people, already tried by anguish."
1012
01:25:00,375 --> 01:25:03,375
"Maintain public order..."
1013
01:25:35,775 --> 01:25:37,711
Colonel Kappler.
1014
01:25:37,735 --> 01:25:39,255
Oh, thank you.
1015
01:25:46,015 --> 01:25:48,031
I must see him.
1016
01:25:48,055 --> 01:25:52,991
They didn't want to let me in. You're in. What
do you want? I've just come from the Vatican.
1017
01:25:53,015 --> 01:25:56,271
The Holy Father is taking the
necessary steps. You must postpone.
1018
01:25:56,295 --> 01:26:00,471
We've already been informed of the necessary
steps the Holy Father is prepared to take.
1019
01:26:00,495 --> 01:26:04,151
This will appear
in the Vatican newspaper tomorrow.
1020
01:26:04,175 --> 01:26:05,751
"Maintain public order."
1021
01:26:05,775 --> 01:26:11,431
"See that is it not disturbed by any attitude
whatsoever that gives rise to painful conflicts."
1022
01:26:11,455 --> 01:26:16,791
"And those who know how to influence the minds
of the citizenry, above all, the priests,"
1023
01:26:16,815 --> 01:26:21,391
"have the high mission of persuasion,
pacification and giving comfort."
1024
01:26:21,415 --> 01:26:24,055
So you see, Father, there was no
point in your coming here.
1025
01:26:25,895 --> 01:26:28,471
Colonel, you have a soul.
1026
01:26:28,495 --> 01:26:32,711
Give it whatever name you like,
but one day, regardless of what
1027
01:26:32,735 --> 01:26:37,071
happens now, you will be called to
account before the tribunal of God.
1028
01:26:37,095 --> 01:26:39,951
Do something. There is still time.
1029
01:26:39,975 --> 01:26:41,951
There is no time, Father.
1030
01:26:41,975 --> 01:26:45,111
It was always too late.
I realise that now.
1031
01:26:45,135 --> 01:26:50,111
Man acts the way he does,
so does the Pope.
1032
01:26:50,135 --> 01:26:55,951
Any man who believes that he can control his
own destiny is dreaming an ancient dream.
1033
01:26:55,975 --> 01:26:58,311
An ancient dream of fools.
1034
01:26:58,335 --> 01:27:00,071
Fools?
1035
01:27:00,095 --> 01:27:03,071
You call us fools. Dreamers.
1036
01:27:03,095 --> 01:27:05,351
You call a massacre a reprisal.
1037
01:27:05,375 --> 01:27:09,951
You call a living, feeling boy a
partisan. A sick old man, hostage.
1038
01:27:09,975 --> 01:27:12,551
You call a woman full of love,
a Communist.
1039
01:27:12,575 --> 01:27:17,471
Hangmen wear masks, Colonel, and
you mask yourself with empty words.
1040
01:27:17,495 --> 01:27:19,911
You blind yourself in
order to destroy.
1041
01:27:19,935 --> 01:27:22,271
But we are a man, humanity.
1042
01:27:22,295 --> 01:27:25,511
God's creation on Earth,
not the cogs of a machine.
1043
01:27:25,535 --> 01:27:28,431
Men can choose.
1044
01:27:28,455 --> 01:27:30,495
Choose, Colonel!
1045
01:27:32,575 --> 01:27:35,151
It's time to go, sir.
1046
01:27:35,175 --> 01:27:38,031
I'm going to do my duty.
1047
01:27:38,055 --> 01:27:40,911
I've told you
what is expected of you.
1048
01:27:40,935 --> 01:27:43,231
Go and do yours.
1049
01:27:43,255 --> 01:27:45,351
There's no time, Father.
1050
01:27:45,375 --> 01:27:48,471
There's nothing more you can do.
There is more I can do.
1051
01:27:48,495 --> 01:27:50,015
No, Father.
1052
01:27:51,615 --> 01:27:53,135
Heil Hitler.
1053
01:28:17,935 --> 01:28:20,295
I need this bicycle.
1054
01:29:15,615 --> 01:29:17,511
This is the complete list.
1055
01:29:17,535 --> 01:29:21,591
Take it to Regina Coeli Prison
at once and hand it personally...
1056
01:29:21,615 --> 01:29:24,271
Sir, they just telephoned
from Regina Coeli.
1057
01:29:24,295 --> 01:29:27,191
They've already taken them away.
1058
01:29:27,215 --> 01:29:29,271
That's impossible.
1059
01:29:29,295 --> 01:29:31,431
I have the list here.
1060
01:29:31,455 --> 01:29:34,271
This is the only copy.
1061
01:29:34,295 --> 01:29:38,551
Kappler's men arrived and said if they didn't
get the men, they'd take the guards away instead.
1062
01:29:38,575 --> 01:29:40,695
They took 55 prisoners.
1063
01:29:42,215 --> 01:29:43,831
That's too many.
1064
01:29:43,855 --> 01:29:46,191
It's too many.
1065
01:29:46,215 --> 01:29:49,015
Too many, too many, too many.
1066
01:29:51,575 --> 01:29:53,895
They took five too many.
1067
01:32:19,535 --> 01:32:22,335
Guiseppe, Andrea, Mario...
1068
01:33:45,135 --> 01:33:47,415
Get away! Let me pass.
1069
01:35:54,175 --> 01:35:56,655
I can't do it.
1070
01:37:21,873 --> 01:37:24,735
Ten weeks later the
Allies liberated Rome.
1071
01:37:25,135 --> 01:37:32,575
Police chief Pietro Caruso was tried by an
Italian court, sentenced to death and executed.
1072
01:37:34,255 --> 01:37:39,911
General Kurt Maelzer was tried
and sentenced to death in 1946.
1073
01:37:39,935 --> 01:37:42,111
The sentence was not carried out.
1074
01:37:42,135 --> 01:37:43,911
He died in prison.
1075
01:37:43,935 --> 01:37:46,511
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring
1076
01:37:46,535 --> 01:37:50,471
was tried by a British
Military Tribunal in 1947.
1077
01:37:50,495 --> 01:37:52,511
He was sentenced to death.
1078
01:37:52,535 --> 01:37:54,751
The sentence was not carried out.
1079
01:37:54,775 --> 01:37:57,095
He was released in 1952.
1080
01:37:58,615 --> 01:38:04,511
Colonel Herbert Kappler was tried
in Rome in 1948 and found guilty.
1081
01:38:04,535 --> 01:38:07,271
He was sentenced
to life imprisonment.
1082
01:38:07,295 --> 01:38:11,935
He is serving his sentence in
the Italian Penitentiary at Gaeta.
89570
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