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- Let's jump right in.
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HTML looks like this.
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In this case, p stands for paragraph.
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We make this HTML by starting out with a less-than symbol,
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followed by the correct letter, or word,
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or abbreviated word, and finishing
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with a greater-than symbol.
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That makes what's called a tag, an HTML tag.
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Basically, all HTML markup looks like this.
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The syntax itself is fairly simple.
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The trickier part is knowing which tags to use when.
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There are actually two kinds of tags, two flavors,
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opening tags and closing tags.
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This p is an opening tag.
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The closing tag is very similar,
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but it has a slash in it.
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Less-than symbol, a forward slash,
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the letter or word that matches the tag
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that we're closing, and a greater-than symbol.
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To markup a paragraph properly,
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we use an opening tag at the beginning of the paragraph,
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and then a closing tag at the end, like this.
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The opening tag marks the beginning,
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the content goes in the middle,
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and the closing tag marks the end.
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These opening and closing tags travel the world
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together, in pairs.
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The whole thing is called an element.
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Now, not every element has a closing tag.
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We'll be looking at some of those later.
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But a lot of the HTML elements do have
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both an opening and a closing tag.
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Here are some other examples.
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There's a paragraph wrapped in p tags.
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We wrap a headline in h1 tags.
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An article is wrapped in an article tag.
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We'll be going through dozens of HTML elements
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in this course, learning when to use each one,
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so don't worry about that yet.
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Just understand the basic mechanics for now.
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The markup conveys purpose and meaning.
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It provides computers a way to understand more
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about what the content, or the interface,
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means to humans.
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HTML provides a connection of meaning
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between the human world and the computer world.
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Let's take a look at another example.
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Here, we have a very short paragraph.
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This paragraph has text that's emphasized for effect.
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The whole paragraph is wrapped
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in opening and closing p tags,
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and then, inside the paragraph,
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we have another phrase, text that's emphasized.
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And we made that into another element
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by wrapping it in opening and closing em tags.
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I'll explain the em element later,
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just notice how one HTML element can be nested
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inside of another.
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In fact, and entire HTML document is a whole bunch
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of HTML elements all nested inside of each other.
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If you've studied computer science,
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you may recognize that nesting elements
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like this will create a tree, a document tree.
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Or if you aren't a comp-sci geek,
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then maybe imagine a family tree
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with parents, and children, and siblings.
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The browser pays attention to the structure
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of how HTML elements are nested,
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and it creates a big family tree
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out of who's related to who, and how.
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Or, said in the correct technical terminology,
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it builds a DOM tree from the data structure.
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The DOM tree comes into play
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if you write CSS or JavaScript,
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or when your developers do.
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The browser then uses the DOM tree
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to create an accessibility tree.
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We'll talk about accessibility, too.
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Your choice of HTML elements affects the experience
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of users on your website, including people
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with a wide range of different disabilities.
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It all starts with nesting HTML elements.
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Here is a slightly more practical example
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of how HTML is nested.
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We've got an article.
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We can see the opening tag for the article at the beginning,
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then inside is a headline,
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followed by three paragraphs.
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That last paragraph has a phrase of emphasized text inside.
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And the whole thing is closed at the end
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with a closing article tag.
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See how this structure tells the browser
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that this article is made up of one headline
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and three paragraphs?
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Anything that comes after the closing article tag
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will be displayed on the same HTML page,
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but it will be understood by the browser
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to be outside of this article.
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It's after the article.
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It matters where we open and close our HTML tags,
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and how we nest elements inside of each other.
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We use this to convey meaning about content and interfaces.
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Where does that paragraph start?
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Where does it end?
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One of the easiest mistakes to make in HTML
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is to forget to put the closing tag
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at the end of an element.
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So don't forget, include the closing tag.
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