Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:32,700 --> 00:00:35,430
In the far north,
2
00:00:35,460 --> 00:00:38,720
after three dark months of winter...
3
00:00:44,780 --> 00:00:47,000
a world is waiting...
4
00:00:49,940 --> 00:00:52,280
for a trigger.
5
00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:57,090
The sunshine of spring.
6
00:01:08,550 --> 00:01:12,090
Starfish are the first to respond.
7
00:01:23,630 --> 00:01:26,610
They race for the highest point...
8
00:01:28,990 --> 00:01:31,480
and sensing changes in the water,
9
00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:34,170
with the tips of their tube feet...
10
00:01:36,470 --> 00:01:38,050
they spawn.
11
00:01:52,950 --> 00:01:55,200
Sea cucumbers,
12
00:01:55,230 --> 00:01:57,640
with only their mouths exposed,
13
00:01:57,670 --> 00:01:59,610
now emerge.
14
00:02:09,830 --> 00:02:13,130
They collect as many
starfish eggs as they can.
15
00:02:26,950 --> 00:02:31,610
Which is quite a lot,
when you've got ten arms.
16
00:02:42,510 --> 00:02:46,130
Now sea pens rise up
to claim a share.
17
00:02:56,390 --> 00:03:01,130
The creatures here must grab what
they can of this annual banquet.
18
00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:10,850
For the light has also set in motion
the greatest transformation of all.
19
00:03:15,070 --> 00:03:17,480
Fronds of kelp, a marine alga,
20
00:03:17,510 --> 00:03:19,440
rise towards the surface,
21
00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:22,450
lifted by their gas-filled bladders.
22
00:03:34,270 --> 00:03:38,250
Soon, a marine forest
has materialised...
23
00:03:42,550 --> 00:03:46,050
teeming with life of all kinds.
24
00:03:50,390 --> 00:03:54,560
These green seas
are some of the most productive,
25
00:03:54,590 --> 00:03:57,240
but fiercely competitive, waters
26
00:03:57,270 --> 00:03:58,810
in all the oceans.
27
00:04:16,750 --> 00:04:19,050
The southern tip of Africa.
28
00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:25,010
Here, two great oceans collide.
29
00:04:35,630 --> 00:04:40,400
In the shallows,
fed by rich currents,
30
00:04:40,430 --> 00:04:43,570
are bountiful forests of kelp.
31
00:04:56,790 --> 00:05:00,000
Barely visible except
for the pulsating siphon
32
00:05:00,030 --> 00:05:03,760
through which it breathes,
a common octopus,
33
00:05:03,790 --> 00:05:06,170
waiting for prey to pass by.
34
00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:13,410
A crab will do.
35
00:05:19,670 --> 00:05:22,570
The octopus sets off in pursuit.
36
00:05:54,510 --> 00:05:56,010
And then lurks...
37
00:05:57,430 --> 00:06:00,690
with the patience
of an ambush hunter.
38
00:06:25,470 --> 00:06:28,520
But the octopus
shares the Cape waters
39
00:06:28,550 --> 00:06:32,210
with a great concentration
of other predators.
40
00:06:38,990 --> 00:06:41,330
Fur seals...
41
00:06:42,790 --> 00:06:44,330
and sharks.
42
00:06:47,990 --> 00:06:49,810
They all eat octopus...
43
00:06:51,390 --> 00:06:53,370
if they can find one.
44
00:07:01,950 --> 00:07:04,530
And pyjama sharks are experts...
45
00:07:06,590 --> 00:07:09,290
at hunting in the undergrowth.
46
00:07:17,150 --> 00:07:19,130
Time to disappear.
47
00:07:26,150 --> 00:07:28,360
But these tough-skinned
little sharks
48
00:07:28,390 --> 00:07:32,290
are small enough
to reach deep into crevices.
49
00:07:51,110 --> 00:07:54,570
But the octopus
is far from finished.
50
00:07:56,870 --> 00:08:00,890
She slips her tentacles
into the shark's gills.
51
00:08:02,150 --> 00:08:04,530
That prevents the shark
from breathing.
52
00:08:08,550 --> 00:08:11,450
So, the shark has to let go.
53
00:08:22,870 --> 00:08:25,880
When caught out in the open,
and vulnerable,
54
00:08:25,910 --> 00:08:29,890
this octopus does something
truly extraordinary...
55
00:08:31,230 --> 00:08:34,170
and never recorded before.
56
00:08:44,390 --> 00:08:46,570
She disguises herself...
57
00:08:49,030 --> 00:08:51,690
with a protective armour
of shells.
58
00:08:56,710 --> 00:09:01,050
She's hiding... in plain sight.
59
00:09:11,350 --> 00:09:14,450
The shark can sense its prey...
60
00:09:27,510 --> 00:09:29,770
but the shells confuse it.
61
00:09:36,470 --> 00:09:38,920
In a forest full of hungry mouths,
62
00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:43,890
superior wits
allow this octopus to stay alive.
63
00:09:55,070 --> 00:10:01,050
Forests of kelp flourish in
seasonal waters around the globe...
64
00:10:05,030 --> 00:10:08,290
particularly along the
Pacific Coast of North America.
65
00:10:16,750 --> 00:10:19,400
Here, the biggest kelps of all
66
00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:21,360
grow in vast forests,
67
00:10:21,390 --> 00:10:24,610
stretching for hundreds of miles.
68
00:10:29,470 --> 00:10:32,680
In some places, the giant fronds
69
00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:35,850
rise up to 60 metres tall.
70
00:10:41,670 --> 00:10:45,690
The thickets they create
are crowded with life.
71
00:10:53,750 --> 00:10:58,890
Competition here,
for space and food, is intense.
72
00:11:11,590 --> 00:11:15,690
A challenging problem
for the Garibaldi fish.
73
00:11:22,350 --> 00:11:25,280
He tends to his patch of seaweed,
74
00:11:25,310 --> 00:11:28,370
filled with tiny creatures
that he eats.
75
00:11:37,150 --> 00:11:41,330
As with most farmers,
his work never ends.
76
00:11:46,430 --> 00:11:49,480
He removes snails
and any other grazers
77
00:11:49,510 --> 00:11:51,890
that come to eat his algae...
78
00:12:10,350 --> 00:12:12,850
no matter how big they are.
79
00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:26,730
He has to deal
with pests of all kinds.
80
00:12:29,270 --> 00:12:31,720
This can be the worst of them -
81
00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:36,490
sea urchins that can scrape off
every vestige of algae from a rock.
82
00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:40,290
Its spines are needle-sharp.
83
00:12:43,390 --> 00:12:46,210
Somehow, the Garibaldi
must remove it.
84
00:13:00,150 --> 00:13:02,410
But the problem with sea urchins...
85
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:10,530
is that they just keep coming.
86
00:13:25,430 --> 00:13:30,400
When evening arrives
and the light fades, he has to stop.
87
00:13:30,430 --> 00:13:34,290
He not only needs a rest,
he needs to hide.
88
00:13:38,510 --> 00:13:43,290
Because at night, predators prowl
through these forests.
89
00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:49,440
A torpedo ray,
90
00:13:49,470 --> 00:13:54,250
capable of stunning its victim
with 45 volts of electricity.
91
00:14:06,150 --> 00:14:08,170
While the Garibaldi hides...
92
00:14:09,710 --> 00:14:12,490
the urchins
can feed without interruption.
93
00:14:22,110 --> 00:14:24,570
The light returns...
94
00:14:28,110 --> 00:14:32,090
and he finds his farm is
once again under attack.
95
00:14:48,270 --> 00:14:50,360
Urchins, like locusts,
96
00:14:50,390 --> 00:14:53,690
have the ability to swarm.
97
00:15:00,190 --> 00:15:04,080
And this can be disastrous,
not just for the Garibaldi,
98
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:07,370
but for the kelp forest itself.
99
00:15:19,590 --> 00:15:23,290
All the vegetation
is now under attack.
100
00:15:51,670 --> 00:15:54,520
The urchins move through the forest,
101
00:15:54,550 --> 00:15:57,200
cutting through the kelp fronds
102
00:15:57,230 --> 00:16:00,170
and leaving behind vast barrens.
103
00:16:04,150 --> 00:16:07,560
These urchin armies
have felled many kelp forests
104
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:10,530
along the Pacific Coast
of North America.
105
00:16:17,390 --> 00:16:20,090
But help is at hand.
106
00:16:39,870 --> 00:16:41,690
Sea otters.
107
00:16:46,030 --> 00:16:50,800
All other kinds of otters
spend much of their lives on land,
108
00:16:50,830 --> 00:16:53,890
but sea otters
rarely leave the water.
109
00:16:57,510 --> 00:17:02,000
At first, a newly-born pup
is not a very good swimmer,
110
00:17:02,030 --> 00:17:06,850
so its mother spends hours
grooming its fur to make it buoyant.
111
00:17:13,510 --> 00:17:17,680
But to provide her youngster
with milk and keep herself warm,
112
00:17:17,710 --> 00:17:21,970
she must eat up to 30%
of her body weight every day.
113
00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:44,450
She does that by eating shellfish.
114
00:17:49,470 --> 00:17:54,090
And urchins are among a sea otter's
favourite delicacies.
115
00:18:12,630 --> 00:18:17,200
In the past, sea otters were hunted
so intensively for their fur
116
00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:19,570
that they came close to extinction.
117
00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:31,090
With them gone, many kelp forests
were replaced with urchin barrens.
118
00:18:40,430 --> 00:18:43,250
Today, sea otters are protected...
119
00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:49,280
and as their numbers
slowly return,
120
00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:52,570
many of the kelp forests
are recovering, too.
121
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:10,720
Now, in some remote places,
122
00:19:10,750 --> 00:19:12,560
sea otters are so numerous
123
00:19:12,590 --> 00:19:16,370
they assemble in huge rafts...
124
00:19:20,270 --> 00:19:24,370
something that hasn't been
seen for over a century.
125
00:20:06,430 --> 00:20:09,890
In the sun-drenched shallows
off Australia...
126
00:20:11,190 --> 00:20:16,240
kelp is replaced by
the sea's only flowering plants,
127
00:20:16,270 --> 00:20:18,490
sea grass.
128
00:20:26,230 --> 00:20:29,880
The most extensive of these
marine grasslands
129
00:20:29,910 --> 00:20:33,410
can stretch
for over 3,000 square miles.
130
00:20:47,270 --> 00:20:51,330
All across the tropics,
they're patrolled by tiger sharks.
131
00:20:55,950 --> 00:20:59,050
They can grow up
to five metres in length...
132
00:21:05,430 --> 00:21:08,170
and have powerful crushing jaws.
133
00:21:16,910 --> 00:21:19,610
Green turtles are their prey.
134
00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:28,770
The turtles feed almost
entirely on sea grass.
135
00:21:30,350 --> 00:21:35,290
A single one can consume
up to two kilos of it in a day.
136
00:21:52,030 --> 00:21:53,850
But they can never rest easy.
137
00:22:04,390 --> 00:22:09,130
Healthy turtles will keep well away
from an approaching shark.
138
00:22:23,270 --> 00:22:26,880
And just by keeping
the turtles on the move,
139
00:22:26,910 --> 00:22:31,970
the sharks prevent any one patch
of sea grass from being overgrazed.
140
00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:40,370
And that has benefits for us all.
141
00:22:49,150 --> 00:22:52,400
A patch of sea grass
can absorb and store
142
00:22:52,430 --> 00:22:56,000
35 times as much carbon dioxide
143
00:22:56,030 --> 00:22:59,490
as the same area of a rainforest.
144
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:08,920
So, the prairies and their sharks
are surprising allies
145
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:11,730
in the fight against
a warming climate.
146
00:23:21,430 --> 00:23:24,280
The struggle to survive
in our green seas
147
00:23:24,310 --> 00:23:26,810
can have far-reaching consequences.
148
00:23:29,190 --> 00:23:35,530
Once a year, one particular meadow
in Australia is transformed.
149
00:23:42,510 --> 00:23:46,000
Around the first full moon
of winter,
150
00:23:46,030 --> 00:23:48,330
an army materialises.
151
00:23:51,870 --> 00:23:53,570
Spider crabs.
152
00:24:01,710 --> 00:24:04,930
For the past year, they've
been feeding in deeper waters.
153
00:24:15,390 --> 00:24:20,050
Now they march
across the sea-grass plains.
154
00:24:37,910 --> 00:24:40,970
Hundreds of thousands of them.
155
00:24:49,070 --> 00:24:50,890
They clamber over one another...
156
00:24:57,390 --> 00:25:00,050
creating great mounds...
157
00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:08,170
nearly 100 metres long...
158
00:25:11,470 --> 00:25:16,080
They're not seeking mates,
neither are they laying eggs.
159
00:25:16,110 --> 00:25:19,000
They have come here in order...
160
00:25:19,030 --> 00:25:20,570
to grow.
161
00:25:22,950 --> 00:25:24,400
Like all crabs,
162
00:25:24,430 --> 00:25:26,160
their bodies are enclosed
163
00:25:26,190 --> 00:25:29,130
in a hard, un-expandable shell.
164
00:25:31,590 --> 00:25:34,890
So, to grow,
they have to break out of it...
165
00:25:44,910 --> 00:25:50,970
and that allows the soft one that
has developed beneath to expand.
166
00:25:58,550 --> 00:26:01,250
It will take days
for the new shell to harden.
167
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:17,370
Its legs are so limp
that they won't work properly.
168
00:26:21,510 --> 00:26:25,770
The crab is unprotected
and in great danger.
169
00:26:34,590 --> 00:26:36,850
A smooth stingray.
170
00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:42,450
It's huge - about four metres long.
171
00:26:44,990 --> 00:26:48,760
It wants a soft,
freshly-moulted crab
172
00:26:48,790 --> 00:26:51,010
that will be easier to eat.
173
00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:14,810
The crabs try to stick together.
174
00:27:22,510 --> 00:27:24,960
But now, disturbed by the ray,
175
00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:26,570
they're scattering.
176
00:27:32,390 --> 00:27:34,600
A newly-moulted crab
177
00:27:34,630 --> 00:27:37,770
is too weak to keep up
with the crowd.
178
00:27:52,350 --> 00:27:55,970
The safest place is right
in the middle of the pile.
179
00:27:57,710 --> 00:28:01,090
That is why they have
all assembled here.
180
00:28:09,390 --> 00:28:12,010
There is safety in numbers.
181
00:28:27,710 --> 00:28:30,610
The vast majority
of the crabs escape...
182
00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:33,280
and within the next few days,
183
00:28:33,310 --> 00:28:36,120
they will be ready to return
to the depths
184
00:28:36,150 --> 00:28:40,530
and resume their lonely wanderings
in search of food.
185
00:28:52,350 --> 00:28:54,890
This is no graveyard...
186
00:28:57,310 --> 00:29:02,810
but the triumph of a 100,000 crabs
successfully moulted.
187
00:29:27,830 --> 00:29:30,880
The green seas of Southern Australia
188
00:29:30,910 --> 00:29:34,530
are particularly rich
in such spectacular assemblies...
189
00:29:38,230 --> 00:29:40,800
but most of the creatures
come together
190
00:29:40,830 --> 00:29:43,090
for a very different reason.
191
00:29:45,030 --> 00:29:46,930
To breed.
192
00:29:50,830 --> 00:29:53,160
The giant cuttlefish,
193
00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:55,890
the largest of all cuttlefish.
194
00:30:03,230 --> 00:30:06,210
They live for just one or two years.
195
00:30:11,870 --> 00:30:15,720
Now, as the Australian summer draws
to an end,
196
00:30:15,750 --> 00:30:18,610
they have one last act to complete.
197
00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:24,250
To find a mate.
198
00:30:29,430 --> 00:30:32,640
But there are over 100,000 males,
199
00:30:32,670 --> 00:30:36,890
competing for the arriving females
in this one bay.
200
00:30:43,150 --> 00:30:46,800
Among them a giant - a true Goliath.
201
00:30:46,830 --> 00:30:50,330
He probably weighs about ten kilos.
202
00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:56,440
Bands of colour
sweep across his skin.
203
00:30:56,470 --> 00:30:58,450
That's how cuttlefish communicate.
204
00:31:17,950 --> 00:31:21,810
This smaller male
couldn't possibly take him on.
205
00:31:31,790 --> 00:31:34,800
Beside Goliath,
and under his protection,
206
00:31:34,830 --> 00:31:37,490
a female who has just
mated with him.
207
00:31:40,790 --> 00:31:43,890
But other rivals
are still interested.
208
00:31:47,630 --> 00:31:50,370
It seems a small male
wouldn't stand a chance.
209
00:31:53,070 --> 00:31:55,800
The female is now displaying
a white stripe
210
00:31:55,830 --> 00:31:58,370
along her side nearest Goliath.
211
00:32:01,670 --> 00:32:05,130
It's a clear signal that she no
longer wants to mate with him.
212
00:32:10,630 --> 00:32:14,210
It's all the encouragement
that the little male needs.
213
00:32:36,950 --> 00:32:39,530
He's going to have to use trickery.
214
00:32:54,350 --> 00:32:57,200
He tones down his colours
215
00:32:57,230 --> 00:33:00,050
and tucks in his arms.
216
00:33:01,630 --> 00:33:04,930
He's just the right size
to mimic a female.
217
00:33:16,110 --> 00:33:18,290
Goliath is deceived.
218
00:33:20,990 --> 00:33:24,760
The small male
now displays a white stripe,
219
00:33:24,790 --> 00:33:28,250
just like the real female,
to deter his advances.
220
00:33:34,310 --> 00:33:36,290
He slips beside her...
221
00:33:39,310 --> 00:33:41,130
and they mate.
222
00:33:51,670 --> 00:33:54,690
By mating with multiple partners...
223
00:33:56,230 --> 00:34:00,930
the female ensures the greatest
genetic diversity for her young.
224
00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:10,000
The sneaky male leaves,
225
00:34:10,030 --> 00:34:12,970
his final act complete.
226
00:34:17,390 --> 00:34:21,010
So, even among giant cuttlefish,
it seems...
227
00:34:23,670 --> 00:34:26,170
it's not all about size.
228
00:34:36,270 --> 00:34:40,600
Other males in these
Australian green pastures,
229
00:34:40,630 --> 00:34:44,170
take greater responsibility
for their young.
230
00:34:52,550 --> 00:34:55,490
A weedy sea dragon.
231
00:35:02,230 --> 00:35:06,730
This is a male and he's carrying
a precious cargo.
232
00:35:08,430 --> 00:35:10,640
While mating with the female,
233
00:35:10,670 --> 00:35:14,490
he collected the eggs
and attached them to his underside.
234
00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:24,130
Now, he's leaving these
seaweed thickets...
235
00:35:26,270 --> 00:35:29,200
and travelling
into more open waters
236
00:35:29,230 --> 00:35:32,610
where elaborate camouflage
is less effective.
237
00:35:40,870 --> 00:35:43,610
And there are many
predators out here.
238
00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:09,610
And this is what the fathers
risk their lives for.
239
00:36:17,230 --> 00:36:20,090
Dense clouds of minute shrimp.
240
00:36:24,590 --> 00:36:30,250
Mysids, one of a sea dragon's
favourite foods.
241
00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:43,530
They're drawing other
sea dragons out here, too.
242
00:37:06,270 --> 00:37:10,290
Finally, it's time
for the young to break free.
243
00:37:11,790 --> 00:37:15,010
But algae has grown over
these developing eggs...
244
00:37:17,110 --> 00:37:19,050
and it risks smothering them.
245
00:37:23,790 --> 00:37:26,770
Nonetheless,
the babies are emerging.
246
00:37:37,790 --> 00:37:39,850
They've hatched successfully.
247
00:37:51,070 --> 00:37:54,120
The fathers return
to the tangle of kelp,
248
00:37:54,150 --> 00:37:56,250
where they're virtually invisible...
249
00:38:02,630 --> 00:38:04,850
while the young remain out here.
250
00:38:08,910 --> 00:38:11,480
But they will grow quickly,
251
00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:14,970
surrounded as they are
by their ideal food.
252
00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:28,680
Vast numbers
of the oceans' young fish
253
00:38:28,710 --> 00:38:31,690
start their lives in the green seas.
254
00:38:37,190 --> 00:38:43,210
One of the richest nurseries
of all are the mangrove forests.
255
00:38:47,710 --> 00:38:50,760
Fringing the coastline
of the tropics,
256
00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:55,010
they form a natural protective
barrier between land and sea...
257
00:38:56,830 --> 00:39:00,450
and are some of the world's
most productive forests.
258
00:39:13,190 --> 00:39:16,280
Below the water,
their arching aerial roots
259
00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:18,570
give them a firm footing.
260
00:39:29,710 --> 00:39:32,650
Here, there's abundant food
for baby fish.
261
00:39:38,070 --> 00:39:41,520
While the tangled roots protect
them from bigger fish
262
00:39:41,550 --> 00:39:45,090
and other predators
that haunt the channels.
263
00:40:15,990 --> 00:40:18,440
But in Northern Australia,
264
00:40:18,470 --> 00:40:21,050
with the receding tide...
265
00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:26,850
the little fish are forced
to leave their shelter.
266
00:40:31,670 --> 00:40:34,290
And now, they are vulnerable.
267
00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:23,410
It's the most deadly assassin
in the green seas.
268
00:41:30,910 --> 00:41:33,360
The zebra mantis shrimp -
269
00:41:33,390 --> 00:41:37,970
a male, almost 40 centimetres long.
270
00:41:55,150 --> 00:41:57,930
But he's not hunting
just for himself.
271
00:42:03,150 --> 00:42:06,610
He's collecting food for his mate.
272
00:42:07,990 --> 00:42:11,410
She may have been his partner
for 20 years.
273
00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:22,450
She relies on him
to bring her food...
274
00:42:24,870 --> 00:42:28,330
and puts her energy
into her eggs instead.
275
00:42:33,230 --> 00:42:35,240
In a world so full of food,
276
00:42:35,270 --> 00:42:38,130
this would seem a sensible strategy.
277
00:42:45,350 --> 00:42:47,970
But it's also a risky one.
278
00:43:13,030 --> 00:43:15,240
Were her male to disappear,
279
00:43:15,270 --> 00:43:17,570
she could starve.
280
00:43:25,270 --> 00:43:28,690
Something has caught
this male's attention.
281
00:43:30,990 --> 00:43:33,690
Perhaps an irresistible odour...
282
00:43:35,350 --> 00:43:37,770
or a distant call.
283
00:43:40,030 --> 00:43:41,640
Whatever the reason,
284
00:43:41,670 --> 00:43:44,520
a male will leave his burrow
285
00:43:44,550 --> 00:43:47,250
and his lifelong mate.
286
00:43:55,590 --> 00:43:58,610
An even larger hole.
287
00:44:10,150 --> 00:44:12,240
Females who have lost their mates
288
00:44:12,270 --> 00:44:17,170
appear to send out distress signals
to call in a new male.
289
00:44:23,230 --> 00:44:26,680
A larger female
will produce more eggs.
290
00:44:26,710 --> 00:44:30,330
So by mating with her,
he will father more offspring.
291
00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:39,650
But infidelity comes at a price.
292
00:44:42,990 --> 00:44:46,890
A larger partner demands more food.
293
00:45:00,310 --> 00:45:04,370
The richer a sea,
the greater the competition..
294
00:45:05,630 --> 00:45:07,800
And there is one green sea
295
00:45:07,830 --> 00:45:12,490
that supports more life
than all the rest combined.
296
00:45:15,150 --> 00:45:18,360
Unlike the mangrove forests
and the sea-grass prairies,
297
00:45:18,390 --> 00:45:21,600
its location is in the open seas
298
00:45:21,630 --> 00:45:25,250
and only temporary
and unpredictable.
299
00:45:29,670 --> 00:45:33,570
This greenness comes
not from rooted plants...
300
00:45:35,790 --> 00:45:38,610
but from clouds of floating ones.
301
00:45:48,710 --> 00:45:53,690
Billions of microscopic
phytoplankton are proliferating.
302
00:45:58,670 --> 00:46:04,850
And in such numbers that they fuel
one of the greatest feasts of all.
303
00:46:14,030 --> 00:46:16,720
Off America's Pacific Coast,
304
00:46:16,750 --> 00:46:21,290
hundreds of common dolphins
are rushing to a banquet.
305
00:46:30,950 --> 00:46:33,810
They're not the only ones homing in.
306
00:46:36,030 --> 00:46:38,010
So are sea lions.
307
00:46:43,830 --> 00:46:48,000
They're heading
for Monterey Bay, California,
308
00:46:48,030 --> 00:46:52,240
where algal blooms have caused
an explosion
309
00:46:52,270 --> 00:46:54,930
in plankton feeders.
310
00:46:57,350 --> 00:47:00,770
Anchovies - millions of them.
311
00:47:07,470 --> 00:47:10,850
The dolphins herd the anchovies
towards the surface.
312
00:47:14,070 --> 00:47:18,330
Sea birds and sea lions take
advantage of the shoal's appearance.
313
00:47:23,190 --> 00:47:27,130
It's a race to grab a share
before others arrive.
314
00:47:46,510 --> 00:47:49,000
Humpback whales,
315
00:47:49,030 --> 00:47:51,330
hundreds of them.
316
00:48:01,270 --> 00:48:03,400
With every upward lunge,
317
00:48:03,430 --> 00:48:07,210
they sieve out up to 100 kilos
of fish.
318
00:48:23,950 --> 00:48:25,960
They're claiming the biggest share
319
00:48:25,990 --> 00:48:29,970
of one of the biggest feasts
on Earth.
320
00:48:59,030 --> 00:49:01,840
So crucial are these tiny plankton,
321
00:49:01,870 --> 00:49:05,970
that almost all marine life
ultimately depends upon them.
322
00:49:16,350 --> 00:49:19,890
It's the green seas, not the blue...
323
00:49:21,670 --> 00:49:26,890
that are the basis of almost
all life in the world's oceans.
324
00:50:15,790 --> 00:50:18,680
To capture the magnificence
of the undersea forests
325
00:50:18,710 --> 00:50:22,960
and the surprising creatures living
here, the Blue Planet II team
326
00:50:22,990 --> 00:50:26,290
have developed a series
of specialist camera rigs.
327
00:50:33,430 --> 00:50:37,840
From the mega-dome
recording half-in-half-out shots
328
00:50:37,870 --> 00:50:40,090
at the top of the towering canopy...
329
00:50:42,550 --> 00:50:45,360
to state-of-the-art
time-lapse equipment
330
00:50:45,390 --> 00:50:50,090
that speeds up time to reveal
the secret life of the forest floor.
331
00:51:09,470 --> 00:51:12,200
But, of all the creatures
living in these forests,
332
00:51:12,230 --> 00:51:15,560
filming one in the waters
off the Cape of South Africa
333
00:51:15,590 --> 00:51:18,010
was to prove
the greatest challenge of all.
334
00:51:20,710 --> 00:51:24,200
Naturalist Craig Foster
has developed a fascination
335
00:51:24,230 --> 00:51:28,410
for its most secretive resident,
a common octopus.
336
00:51:34,510 --> 00:51:38,080
There are almost 100 species
of shark in these waters,
337
00:51:38,110 --> 00:51:40,040
but that doesn't deter Craig,
338
00:51:40,070 --> 00:51:43,690
who's swum here every morning
for the past six years.
339
00:51:51,190 --> 00:51:54,840
When you find that really small,
tiny, little oval hole,
340
00:51:54,870 --> 00:51:57,890
then you know it's
been killed by an octopus.
341
00:51:59,070 --> 00:52:01,120
And then if you look very,
very carefully,
342
00:52:01,150 --> 00:52:04,730
they're often
in the vicinity of that.
343
00:52:11,830 --> 00:52:14,960
Craig has witnessed
the antics of these octopuses
344
00:52:14,990 --> 00:52:18,240
and wants to share
his remarkable discoveries
345
00:52:18,270 --> 00:52:20,930
with Blue Planet cameraman
Roger Horrocks.
346
00:52:29,350 --> 00:52:33,770
Roger is immediately charmed by
the strength of their personalities.
347
00:52:36,110 --> 00:52:40,440
It's really been astounding to see
how individual these characters are.
348
00:52:40,470 --> 00:52:44,130
The common octopus all display
different behaviours.
349
00:52:45,790 --> 00:52:47,480
Some were extremely timid,
350
00:52:47,510 --> 00:52:49,560
some were very, very bold,
351
00:52:49,590 --> 00:52:52,410
they have variety
and it's really endeared me to them.
352
00:52:58,550 --> 00:53:01,080
After weeks of filming
different individuals,
353
00:53:01,110 --> 00:53:03,000
they finally meet one octopus
354
00:53:03,030 --> 00:53:06,200
that's not only seemingly
unafraid of the camera,
355
00:53:06,230 --> 00:53:08,370
but willing to perform for it.
356
00:53:18,310 --> 00:53:20,280
She just came right up - whoop!
357
00:53:20,310 --> 00:53:22,440
And then came right through
underneath the tripod
358
00:53:22,470 --> 00:53:23,840
in between my legs.
359
00:53:23,870 --> 00:53:25,960
Yeah, that's cool, amazing.
360
00:53:25,990 --> 00:53:30,080
She very quickly just completely
accepted both of us.
361
00:53:30,110 --> 00:53:32,880
So, we've actually been getting
these really intimate behaviours.
362
00:53:32,910 --> 00:53:34,730
It's amazing.
363
00:53:38,830 --> 00:53:40,800
I've watched this octopus
for many months,
364
00:53:40,830 --> 00:53:42,400
it's just trusting us in the water,
365
00:53:42,430 --> 00:53:46,010
carrying on with normal activity
which is just so fantastic.
366
00:53:53,910 --> 00:53:58,770
Months later, the team finally film
their star octopus on the hunt.
367
00:54:15,270 --> 00:54:19,200
But then discover the grave
consequences of sharing the forest
368
00:54:19,230 --> 00:54:22,080
with so many other predators -
369
00:54:22,110 --> 00:54:23,770
pyjama sharks.
370
00:54:25,190 --> 00:54:27,920
Pound for pound,
these sharks are far more brazen
371
00:54:27,950 --> 00:54:29,760
and aggressive than a Great White.
372
00:54:29,790 --> 00:54:31,920
They're like guided missiles.
373
00:54:31,950 --> 00:54:36,850
The slightest smell that octopus
gives off, that shark will find it.
374
00:54:41,430 --> 00:54:44,080
The pyjama shark
actually got hold of the octopus
375
00:54:44,110 --> 00:54:47,010
and, I mean,
I just assumed that was it.
376
00:54:50,030 --> 00:54:52,640
After spending
so much time with this animal,
377
00:54:52,670 --> 00:54:55,890
it was just so difficult
watching her get attacked.
378
00:55:03,110 --> 00:55:05,730
Then, to their amazement,
she fights back!
379
00:55:11,310 --> 00:55:13,000
She put her tentacles down,
380
00:55:13,030 --> 00:55:15,280
you can see them coming through
the gill, basically,
381
00:55:15,310 --> 00:55:17,560
closed the mouth.
The shark couldn't breathe,
382
00:55:17,590 --> 00:55:19,840
and that's what enabled
her to escape.
383
00:55:19,870 --> 00:55:22,680
And just witnessing
that whole thing was,
384
00:55:22,710 --> 00:55:26,250
you know, it was an
incredibly intense moment.
385
00:55:27,630 --> 00:55:30,530
The team are relieved by her escape.
386
00:55:43,150 --> 00:55:45,400
But when caught out in the open,
387
00:55:45,430 --> 00:55:48,370
her next trick astonishes them
even more.
388
00:55:51,990 --> 00:55:55,000
It lifted its arms and legs
over its head,
389
00:55:55,030 --> 00:55:58,560
and, at the same time,
pulled the shell material with it
390
00:55:58,590 --> 00:56:01,770
and created
this extraordinary armoury.
391
00:56:03,510 --> 00:56:06,320
Octopus had armoured up
and then, when that guy came
392
00:56:06,350 --> 00:56:09,480
through from the back,
he could kind of smell something.
393
00:56:09,510 --> 00:56:11,440
He's not seeing an octopus shape,
394
00:56:11,470 --> 00:56:14,760
he's seeing that strange armoury.
395
00:56:14,790 --> 00:56:17,200
Then he was bumping the octopus,
396
00:56:17,230 --> 00:56:20,240
and it was just incredible
to see how that octopus
397
00:56:20,270 --> 00:56:22,440
outwitted that shark
using the armour,
398
00:56:22,470 --> 00:56:24,520
using all his, his knowledge,
399
00:56:24,550 --> 00:56:27,410
it's just... absolutely phenomenal.
400
00:56:32,590 --> 00:56:35,490
She's a rock star, man.
A proper little rock star.
401
00:56:37,150 --> 00:56:39,440
Thanks to Craig's and
Roger's dedication,
402
00:56:39,470 --> 00:56:44,250
the octopuses' astonishing
behaviours are now known to science.
403
00:56:46,470 --> 00:56:49,880
What else might we find
as we continue to explore
404
00:56:49,910 --> 00:56:53,490
these fascinating undersea forests?
405
00:56:58,590 --> 00:57:01,360
Next time on Blue Planet II...
406
00:57:01,390 --> 00:57:04,610
we meet the creatures that live
where two worlds collide...
407
00:57:07,390 --> 00:57:09,840
and discover how they cope with
the demands
408
00:57:09,870 --> 00:57:12,650
of the ever-changing coasts.
32144
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.