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[Music]
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a plus introduction
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hi
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and welcome to this a plus introductory
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course
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my name is josh penzel i'm a comptia
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certified technical trainer and i have
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my a plus network plus security plus and
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cloud essentials certifications i'm also
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a microsoft certified trainer and
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microsoft office specialist which isn't
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necessarily pertinent to this course but
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it's interesting information nonetheless
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i received my a certification in 2000
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which was 12 years ago and since then
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the test has gone through quite a bit of
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changes
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that being said i've also helped
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hundreds of people get their comptia
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certifications and i have no doubt that
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you're going to get yours too
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now there's a lot of information that's
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going to be covered on this course and
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so i just want to take a moment to tell
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you a little bit about comptia the test
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and what we're going to cover
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comptia is what we call a vendor neutral
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organization
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meaning that they're not owned by anyone
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so the test is supposed to have a nice
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wide variety of all of the information
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that you need to know in the it field
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independent of a specific manufacturer
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that being said one of the largest
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operating systems and uh
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contributors to our it field is
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microsoft so you're going to see a lot
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of that on the test
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that being said we've also added a few
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things to the a plus exam since i first
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started
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for instance mobile phones or
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smartphones and tablets all covered on
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this exam
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now
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the test because there's so much
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information is actually broken up into
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two different tests there's
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220801 and 220802
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when you complete both of these exams
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you will receive your a plus
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certification from comptia
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now 801 is supposed to cover more facts
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what is a computer what is a cpu
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what is a display and so on 802 is
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supposed to be more about setting up
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those and troubleshooting them
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however i find most of the information
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to overlap quite a bit and i always
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recommend people who want to take the
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certification
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actually study for both tests at the
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same time
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that way you can either sit for both
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tests back to back on the same day or in
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a short distance from each other the
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reason being that information from both
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is going to show up on each exam they're
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not very well distinguished
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each test consists of about 90 questions
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and you have about 90 minutes to
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complete them
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some people find the 801 test easier
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some people find 802 to me
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they're basically the same
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the only difference is you need a 675
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out of 900
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for the 801 exam
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and you need a 700
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out of 900 for the 802 exam so the
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passing grade is slightly higher that
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being said i'm expecting most of you to
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get in the 800 realm after we finish
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this course
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now there's a lot of information covered
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on this course and as many of you
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probably know
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there's their a plus is an introductory
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course
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before you're gonna get your security
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plus and network plus certifications as
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well as a result a plus actually has
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information on networks and security
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covered so studying for your a plus exam
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is actually really going to help you
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with your network plus and security plus
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information too and studying for them
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concurrently or around the same time is
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going to help you pass all of these
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certifications but we'll talk more about
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those later
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so the first thing we're going to do in
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this course is talk about computers the
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hardware then we're going to look at
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software followed by networking displays
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security and mobile devices
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one thing i want to make very clear is
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although you're going to be studying
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by watching these videos i also want you
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to get used to taking multiple choice
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questions because the majority of the
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test although not all of it
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does have multiple choice questions
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meaning they'll give you a situation or
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ask you a question and then they'll give
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you several answer choices
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if you can master taking multiple choice
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exams you're going to master this exam
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there are however on this new
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a-plus exam what are called performance
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based questions which is relatively new
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maybe a year old this means they're
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gonna ask you to do certain things for
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instance recognize parts of a
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motherboard or
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put together a computer that would be
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good for a big gamer either way
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most of the questions will be multiple
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choice although some will be performance
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based
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studying throughout this entire course
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is going to prepare you for both parts
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of this
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another thing to note is that
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a plus assumes that you have six months
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of experience in the field
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if you don't that's fine don't worry
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about it we're going to get you up to
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speed if you have more than this then
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that's good but don't get overconfident
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a plus is a very specific way it likes
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to see things on the exam and i'm going
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to spend the majority of this course not
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only going over information but covering
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it in a way that's not too in-depth i
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hope but gets you prepared to take the
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test the journey starts here it doesn't
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end here
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with that being said let's get into the
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course starting with an overview of
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computers
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[Music]
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the computer
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an overview
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before we can delve into the
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complexities of computer i want to go
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over all the parts that make a computer
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and when i was looking for a way
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to
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provide a metaphor to those who might
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not be more as familiar with computers i
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came across this 1613 definition in the
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oxford english dictionary that said
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a computer is a person who makes
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calculations or computations now
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obviously there weren't any machines
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there wasn't even electricity at this
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point so
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a person had to do all the calculating
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and then i saw the next definition from
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1869 a device or machine for performing
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facilitating calculations and then the
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1946 definition which was a lot more
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complex and i thought you know
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using a person as a metaphor to talk
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about a computer is actually really
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powerful because in many ways they're
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really similar
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and so what i want to do is go through
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your body
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and i'd like to
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compare it
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to
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a computer
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so
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the first thing your body has as you
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probably know is skin and bones a
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structure
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now this structure provides a framework
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in which everything else fits all your
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organs fit in certain spots your legs
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are on the bottom your feet below that
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your arms are at the top your head above
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that and it's all perfectly weighted in
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order to support all of this
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now the other thing your body your skin
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and bones do is they protect everything
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on the inside from everything on the
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outside
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so for instance when someone hits you or
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when you fall your heart doesn't fall
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out of your body right it's held in by
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your rib cage and then your skin and
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your muscles and so your skin and bones
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provides protection from all those
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elements and of course this thing this
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body of yours has been perfectly
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designed to support all of these
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different parts
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now this your skin and bones is very
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much like a computer chassis which is
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also called the case the structure
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and as you can see in this image i
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pulled up here you have several things
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that
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make a chassis a chassis
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for instance you have lots of vents
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because computers get very hot and so
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this thing is perfectly um
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created to allow for airflow there's
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also lots of spots for hard drives like
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over here
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and as you can see from all these locks
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down here this thing protects all of
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these internal components
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from the outside
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you also have a spinal cord
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your spinal cord is what everything
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plugs into for lack of a better word and
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it's really what allows your body to
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talk to all the different parts of your
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body so when my hand moves
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that's my brain talking through my
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spinal cord to my hand
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it allows all these different body parts
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as well to talk with my brain which
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controls everything so not just
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can my body
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and not just can my brain talk to my
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hand my hand actually talks to my body
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my eyes talk to my brain everything
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talks to each other i sing the body
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electric is what women said
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and this spinal cord
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is very much like in computers what we
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call a motherboard or
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a system board and this system board
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allows you to plug in everything you
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have expansion slots which we'll talk
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about and ram slots here and
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spots to plug in all your storage
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devices and all sorts of little chips
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that allow everything to talk to one
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another
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and so
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many ways your spinal cord is very much
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like this motherboard
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you also have a brain
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and your brain as you probably know is
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extremely important because it processes
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all of the incoming and outgoing
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information from your body
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so when your eyes see something that
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goes to your brain and that processes it
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and then your brain can spit something
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out through your mouth
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it's also extremely complex and it's
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very fast i mean our brain works so fast
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that we move we breathe we walk without
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even having to think about it because
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our brain is processing at that high of
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a speed
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finally without it
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we can survive we can live but we're
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basically a vegetable we're not aware of
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anything we can't process new
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information
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and so
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our brains are very much like in
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computers what are called cpus or the
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central processing unit
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and this central processing unit
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basically is what makes the computer run
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it does all of the processing
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all the information that goes through
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that motherboard through that spinal
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cord
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it goes to the central processing unit
289
00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:15,720
and that cpu process this information
290
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and sends it back to all the different
291
00:11:18,959 --> 00:11:19,959
pieces
292
00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:21,160
now you also have two different types of
293
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memory in your brain
294
00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:25,480
the first type short-term memory
295
00:11:26,839 --> 00:11:27,839
is limited in what it can hold a lot of
296
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people think we can hold about four to
297
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seven things in our short-term memory at
298
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any one time
299
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and that's because
300
00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:38,920
our short-term memory is what we use to
301
00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:41,320
work on a project or work on something
302
00:11:42,399 --> 00:11:43,399
it's what we're keeping in our head at
303
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any one moment
304
00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:46,760
and
305
00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:47,720
that's what allows us to do our work
306
00:11:49,440 --> 00:11:50,440
it only runs
307
00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:52,200
because of this when we're awake or when
308
00:11:53,279 --> 00:11:54,279
we're aware
309
00:11:54,639 --> 00:11:55,639
we're not keeping things in our
310
00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:57,240
short-term memory when we're sleeping it
311
00:11:58,399 --> 00:11:59,399
kind of goes to sleep as well
312
00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:01,560
and this is similar to in a computer
313
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what's called ram or
314
00:12:06,399 --> 00:12:07,399
random
315
00:12:09,519 --> 00:12:10,519
access
316
00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:14,040
memory
317
00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:18,920
and this random access memory this ram
318
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it's what allows us to work on things
319
00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:23,800
it's like our desktop
320
00:12:25,839 --> 00:12:26,839
which
321
00:12:26,639 --> 00:12:27,639
we can put files on and work on them
322
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during the day
323
00:12:30,399 --> 00:12:31,399
just like our short-term memory but it's
324
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limited in how much information it can
325
00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:35,800
hold
326
00:12:35,920 --> 00:12:36,920
because we also have a different type of
327
00:12:37,519 --> 00:12:38,519
memory long-term memory
328
00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:40,920
now long-term memory
329
00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:43,160
holds far more information than our
330
00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:45,160
short-term memory because we're not
331
00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:47,160
using it every time we're working
332
00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:49,800
we access deep information in there that
333
00:12:51,839 --> 00:12:52,839
we can store for later use
334
00:12:54,720 --> 00:12:55,720
so it's a lot bigger because of this but
335
00:12:58,399 --> 00:12:59,399
we also
336
00:12:59,519 --> 00:13:00,519
need the short-term memory right we need
337
00:13:01,279 --> 00:13:02,279
that random access memory in order to
338
00:13:04,079 --> 00:13:05,079
work with this long-term memory
339
00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:08,760
and
340
00:13:08,880 --> 00:13:09,880
some think that the information in our
341
00:13:11,279 --> 00:13:12,279
long-term memory remains there always
342
00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:15,240
your long-term memory can store
343
00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:16,600
information for years and years and
344
00:13:17,440 --> 00:13:18,440
that's where it files stuff away like
345
00:13:19,200 --> 00:13:20,200
your file storage cabinet
346
00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:22,120
and this is just like what we call
347
00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:24,360
in computer storage these are your your
348
00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:26,920
hard drives or your um
349
00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:30,120
floppy drives or your optical drives
350
00:13:33,519 --> 00:13:34,519
uh these are things that
351
00:13:35,839 --> 00:13:36,839
store information
352
00:13:38,480 --> 00:13:39,480
for later use
353
00:13:40,399 --> 00:13:41,399
that we can bring into our short term
354
00:13:42,240 --> 00:13:43,240
bring into our random access memory and
355
00:13:44,560 --> 00:13:45,560
then we can do something with it
356
00:13:48,639 --> 00:13:49,639
and we also have a stomach gi tract
357
00:13:50,720 --> 00:13:51,720
right and our stomach provides us with
358
00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:54,120
fuel this is what allows us to keep
359
00:13:55,279 --> 00:13:56,279
running
360
00:13:57,040 --> 00:13:58,040
it feeds all of these internal processes
361
00:13:59,760 --> 00:14:00,760
our brain our muscles our heart these
362
00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:03,720
all require constant fuel and they
363
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:05,560
require resources that's what
364
00:14:07,839 --> 00:14:08,839
our stomach provides
365
00:14:09,760 --> 00:14:10,760
and without it we will eventually die
366
00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:13,560
you can go
367
00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:15,320
a few days without food even longer
368
00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:17,480
without water but at a certain point
369
00:14:18,320 --> 00:14:19,320
unless you're feeding your body unless
370
00:14:20,480 --> 00:14:21,480
you're getting fuel you can't survive
371
00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:25,160
and
372
00:14:25,279 --> 00:14:26,279
just like with anything with electricity
373
00:14:26,959 --> 00:14:27,959
this is our power supply
374
00:14:30,079 --> 00:14:31,079
this is what
375
00:14:31,680 --> 00:14:32,680
fuels
376
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:34,040
every single part of this electronic
377
00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:37,880
computer
378
00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:41,320
we also have senses the five senses that
379
00:14:43,199 --> 00:14:44,199
most people know sight sound smell touch
380
00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:47,720
and taste
381
00:14:48,399 --> 00:14:49,399
and these are how you receive
382
00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:51,560
information from the outside world right
383
00:14:52,880 --> 00:14:53,880
you use your senses to look around you
384
00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:56,440
to hear things
385
00:14:57,440 --> 00:14:58,440
to taste something
386
00:14:59,360 --> 00:15:00,360
and each of these senses
387
00:15:01,279 --> 00:15:02,279
can pick up a different type of
388
00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:03,880
information they're attuned to specific
389
00:15:04,800 --> 00:15:05,800
things my eyes are tuned to looking my
390
00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:08,600
ears for hearing and i use them for
391
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:11,000
different things
392
00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:12,680
and this gives our information our cpu
393
00:15:15,279 --> 00:15:16,279
something to process
394
00:15:17,199 --> 00:15:18,199
something to
395
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:19,480
take and chew on no pun intended
396
00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:23,160
and this is what we call
397
00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:24,920
input devices like what i've have here
398
00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:27,320
like a
399
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:28,360
a keyboard
400
00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:30,040
or
401
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:31,000
a mouse
402
00:15:31,199 --> 00:15:32,199
for instance are our two most basic
403
00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:34,360
input devices because they allow us to
404
00:15:36,880 --> 00:15:37,880
input stuff into our computer into the
405
00:15:39,279 --> 00:15:40,279
cpu into the hard drive
406
00:15:42,240 --> 00:15:43,240
and this is very different
407
00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:44,920
from speech and movement right these are
408
00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:47,720
the outputs this is what lets us
409
00:15:49,040 --> 00:15:50,040
communicate to the world and people
410
00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:51,880
around us and i can use my mouth to
411
00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:54,120
taste something but i can also use my
412
00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:56,120
mouth
413
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:57,000
to speak to use language to reach out i
414
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:01,000
can use a gesture to explain something
415
00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:04,120
and these allow us to convert our
416
00:16:04,800 --> 00:16:05,800
thoughts our internal
417
00:16:07,279 --> 00:16:08,279
into something external into our actions
418
00:16:11,440 --> 00:16:12,440
these all this is also what permits
419
00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:14,680
other people
420
00:16:14,959 --> 00:16:15,959
to take our ideas and compute them
421
00:16:17,199 --> 00:16:18,199
themselves so this really allows for
422
00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:20,680
communication someone else's input
423
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:23,000
system their ability to hear or see me
424
00:16:25,040 --> 00:16:26,040
and my ability to send a message
425
00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:28,920
and in computers this is what we call an
426
00:16:29,759 --> 00:16:30,759
output device and these are things
427
00:16:32,480 --> 00:16:33,480
like
428
00:16:33,600 --> 00:16:34,600
printers
429
00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:36,040
or the most necessary output device
430
00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:40,040
a display
431
00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:41,720
so that we can see what's going on in
432
00:16:42,800 --> 00:16:43,800
the computer
433
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:47,480
finally we have this whole nature versus
434
00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:49,480
nurture debate right we we have our
435
00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:52,120
bodies we have our brains
436
00:16:53,279 --> 00:16:54,279
but unless there's something telling our
437
00:16:56,160 --> 00:16:57,160
brains how to use all of this stuff it's
438
00:16:59,519 --> 00:17:00,519
pretty pointless
439
00:17:00,959 --> 00:17:01,959
right
440
00:17:01,839 --> 00:17:02,839
this nature versus nurture what we learn
441
00:17:04,079 --> 00:17:05,079
this is
442
00:17:05,360 --> 00:17:06,360
our context this is how we embrace the
443
00:17:08,079 --> 00:17:09,079
world
444
00:17:09,439 --> 00:17:10,439
it provides us with language to go with
445
00:17:11,679 --> 00:17:12,679
our voice
446
00:17:12,799 --> 00:17:13,799
meanings to go along with our gestures
447
00:17:15,919 --> 00:17:16,919
and it's a guide for dealing with the
448
00:17:17,839 --> 00:17:18,839
world around us
449
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:21,000
and in computers this is what software
450
00:17:22,319 --> 00:17:23,319
does
451
00:17:23,120 --> 00:17:24,120
it provides a translator from the cpu
452
00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:27,400
from the brain
453
00:17:28,160 --> 00:17:29,160
to
454
00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:30,840
the user to allow me to be able to type
455
00:17:32,799 --> 00:17:33,799
something into the computer and the
456
00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:34,840
computer knows exactly what i'm saying
457
00:17:36,720 --> 00:17:37,720
now that's like us learning that's like
458
00:17:39,440 --> 00:17:40,440
our instinct that's a bit a baby um
459
00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:43,160
chicken pecking through the egg when it
460
00:17:44,080 --> 00:17:45,080
first is born
461
00:17:46,559 --> 00:17:47,559
so what we're going to do in this a plus
462
00:17:49,039 --> 00:17:50,039
class is talk about all of these
463
00:17:51,679 --> 00:17:52,679
different pieces
464
00:17:53,440 --> 00:17:54,440
our output devices input devices
465
00:17:57,039 --> 00:17:58,039
power supplies
466
00:17:58,640 --> 00:17:59,640
storage devices
467
00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:01,720
memory
468
00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:03,080
cpus our brains our motherboards our
469
00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:06,280
system boards and the chassis
470
00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,320
and once we understand all of these
471
00:18:10,559 --> 00:18:11,559
pieces
472
00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:12,840
then we'll have a better sense for how a
473
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:14,760
computer operates
474
00:18:15,440 --> 00:18:16,440
and we'll have a better sense for not
475
00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:17,960
only how to fix them but how to connect
476
00:18:19,120 --> 00:18:20,120
each computer to the other
477
00:18:21,919 --> 00:18:22,919
so without further ado let's get into
478
00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:25,240
talking about each one of these
479
00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:27,000
individual pieces
480
00:18:31,350 --> 00:18:32,350
[Music]
481
00:18:51,360 --> 00:18:52,360
motherboards
482
00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:53,640
chipsets and buses
483
00:18:56,720 --> 00:18:57,720
now as you recall we said that
484
00:18:58,559 --> 00:18:59,559
motherboards were the spinal cord
485
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:02,760
of
486
00:19:02,640 --> 00:19:03,640
the computer meaning that it's the thing
487
00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:06,200
that allows everything to communicate
488
00:19:06,799 --> 00:19:07,799
together and it's what connects all the
489
00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:10,600
different parts of the computer
490
00:19:12,000 --> 00:19:13,000
together
491
00:19:13,039 --> 00:19:14,039
so as you can imagine it's a pretty
492
00:19:14,799 --> 00:19:15,799
complex and complicated piece of
493
00:19:16,799 --> 00:19:17,799
equipment so before we can discuss how
494
00:19:19,440 --> 00:19:20,440
to install motherboards or how to even
495
00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:22,760
plug things into motherboards we need to
496
00:19:23,919 --> 00:19:24,919
talk about some of the infrastructure of
497
00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:26,840
a motherboard itself and the
498
00:19:27,039 --> 00:19:28,039
architecture of it
499
00:19:29,919 --> 00:19:30,919
so some of the things i'm going to talk
500
00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:32,280
about in this video are the vocabulary
501
00:19:34,160 --> 00:19:35,160
that we're going to see come up again
502
00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:36,760
when we talk about motherboards and
503
00:19:37,679 --> 00:19:38,679
three words that we'll talk about
504
00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:40,120
specifically are chipset bus
505
00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:42,840
and lane and no although those words do
506
00:19:44,720 --> 00:19:45,720
have other meanings i don't mean driving
507
00:19:46,559 --> 00:19:47,559
a bus on the lane on the highway
508
00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:50,200
we're talking about these electronics
509
00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:52,600
we're also going to talk about parallel
510
00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:54,440
versus serial communication which are
511
00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:56,600
two types of communication that occur in
512
00:19:57,600 --> 00:19:58,600
just about every type of electronics and
513
00:19:59,280 --> 00:20:00,280
we're going to see this come up over and
514
00:20:00,880 --> 00:20:01,880
over again not only when we're talking
515
00:20:02,559 --> 00:20:03,559
about motherboards but when we get into
516
00:20:03,919 --> 00:20:04,919
networking as well
517
00:20:06,159 --> 00:20:07,159
once we do that we're going to talk
518
00:20:07,360 --> 00:20:08,360
about chipsets in particular
519
00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:10,520
specifically there are two manufacturers
520
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:12,520
who make chipsets
521
00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:14,200
there are two main chips that are have
522
00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:16,360
been developed in these chipsets the
523
00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:17,960
north bridge and the south bridge we'll
524
00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:20,120
talk about the difference between those
525
00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:21,720
and i'm going to point out now that
526
00:20:22,240 --> 00:20:23,240
these are really important and they will
527
00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:25,080
come up on the a plus exam so you
528
00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:26,600
definitely want to pay attention okay
529
00:20:27,919 --> 00:20:28,919
we're also going to talk about the dmi
530
00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:31,080
direct media interf interface which is
531
00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:33,799
what connects the north bridge and the
532
00:20:34,320 --> 00:20:35,320
south bridge together
533
00:20:36,559 --> 00:20:37,559
then we'll talk about buses
534
00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:40,760
the front side bus or the hyper
535
00:20:42,559 --> 00:20:43,559
transport bus which are just the same
536
00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:45,480
exact thing
537
00:20:46,480 --> 00:20:47,480
the memory bus
538
00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:49,640
and finally the expansion bus which is
539
00:20:51,039 --> 00:20:52,039
where we'll leave off and we'll discuss
540
00:20:54,159 --> 00:20:55,159
these two buses in more depth and later
541
00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:57,400
videos as well
542
00:20:58,159 --> 00:20:59,159
all right
543
00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:01,240
so first let's discuss the word chipset
544
00:21:02,480 --> 00:21:03,480
you've seen it
545
00:21:04,159 --> 00:21:05,159
probably in the objectives and you've
546
00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:06,840
heard me talk about it but really what a
547
00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:08,760
chipset is is a group of integrated
548
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:11,000
circuits or chips that are designed to
549
00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:13,400
work together and are usually marketed
550
00:21:14,559 --> 00:21:15,559
as a single product so this is why when
551
00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:18,360
we have different types of motherboards
552
00:21:19,919 --> 00:21:20,919
they have different chip sets meaning
553
00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:23,080
the internals of them are the same so
554
00:21:24,400 --> 00:21:25,400
although the motherboard the spinal cord
555
00:21:26,799 --> 00:21:27,799
is called the same thing on every human
556
00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:29,720
it works differently perhaps from a
557
00:21:31,679 --> 00:21:32,679
human to a different type of animal that
558
00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:35,159
also has a spinal cord you'll also
559
00:21:36,320 --> 00:21:37,320
notice physically these motherboards
560
00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:39,000
look very differently and that's going
561
00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:40,840
to be something we're going to call
562
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:44,280
a form factor form factor being the
563
00:21:46,159 --> 00:21:47,159
outside the physical
564
00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:49,000
build of a motherboard okay but what
565
00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:52,280
we're talking about here in chipset is
566
00:21:53,039 --> 00:21:54,039
the internal build of it we'll talk more
567
00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:56,440
about form factors a little later and
568
00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:57,880
that has a lot to do with the chassis
569
00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:03,080
a bus
570
00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:04,280
is one wire or a group of wires that
571
00:22:05,679 --> 00:22:06,679
carry data from one place to another so
572
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:09,640
very simply just like a bus you drive a
573
00:22:12,159 --> 00:22:13,159
computer bus is what carries data from
574
00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:15,720
one place to another just like
575
00:22:17,039 --> 00:22:18,039
the cord that you plug in from your
576
00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:20,760
smartphone to your computer has buses on
577
00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:23,880
it all right but this is we're talking
578
00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:25,960
in terms of motherboard something that's
579
00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:27,320
integrated onto the motherboard and if
580
00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:29,400
we look really closely and zoom in on a
581
00:22:30,799 --> 00:22:31,799
motherboard we'll see lots of these
582
00:22:32,799 --> 00:22:33,799
little circuits
583
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:35,240
built on to the motherboard and they're
584
00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:37,320
integrated so i'm going to highlight a
585
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:39,000
couple right here i see one right and
586
00:22:39,919 --> 00:22:40,919
this is a circuit that's integrated onto
587
00:22:41,760 --> 00:22:42,760
the motherboard allows communication and
588
00:22:43,600 --> 00:22:44,600
here's another bus
589
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:46,200
okay and there are several others here
590
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:50,200
and we can see them all over the place
591
00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:51,960
and these are integrated right onto the
592
00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:53,320
board and that's what allows the
593
00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:54,760
computer electronics to talk to one
594
00:22:55,600 --> 00:22:56,600
another and you can see these all over
595
00:22:57,360 --> 00:22:58,360
the place so i don't need to draw
596
00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:00,440
draw over every single one but you get
597
00:23:01,360 --> 00:23:02,360
an idea of what where these buses are
598
00:23:03,039 --> 00:23:04,039
and how ubiquitous they are on a
599
00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:07,840
motherboard when we're talking about
600
00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:10,200
communication electronic communication
601
00:23:11,280 --> 00:23:12,280
specifically there are really two main
602
00:23:13,200 --> 00:23:14,200
types we're going to see over and over
603
00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:15,640
again not just on a motherboard but when
604
00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:17,400
we get to networking as well the first
605
00:23:18,559 --> 00:23:19,559
is serial communication now serial
606
00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:21,720
communication uh has to do with sending
607
00:23:23,520 --> 00:23:24,520
one bit of data
608
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:26,440
at a time if you pardon my not so
609
00:23:27,679 --> 00:23:28,679
straight lines here that means that just
610
00:23:29,919 --> 00:23:30,919
like this i'm sending one piece of data
611
00:23:31,679 --> 00:23:32,679
at a time so this piece of data right
612
00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:34,520
here has to arrive
613
00:23:35,679 --> 00:23:36,679
before or has to be sent rather before i
614
00:23:37,679 --> 00:23:38,679
can send this piece of data so you can
615
00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:40,520
see there's a limit to how much data i
616
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:41,960
can send at any one point
617
00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:43,640
now this is very different from parallel
618
00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:45,880
which allows me to send multiple bits of
619
00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:47,559
data at a time
620
00:23:47,919 --> 00:23:48,919
so i could send four let's say bits of
621
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:51,400
data or
622
00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:53,320
eight
623
00:23:55,679 --> 00:23:56,679
all right now
624
00:23:57,520 --> 00:23:58,520
one thing that's important to know here
625
00:23:59,120 --> 00:24:00,120
is that all of this data is traveling in
626
00:24:01,279 --> 00:24:02,279
the same direction
627
00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:03,720
okay so this doesn't allow serial or
628
00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:06,520
parallel doesn't differentiate between
629
00:24:07,279 --> 00:24:08,279
the direction the data is going just how
630
00:24:09,039 --> 00:24:10,039
much data can be sent at any one time
631
00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:12,440
now what's also important is you'll see
632
00:24:13,919 --> 00:24:14,919
here this word bit
633
00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:16,840
right you'll see it down here now when i
634
00:24:17,919 --> 00:24:18,919
say bit in computers we're not just
635
00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:21,000
talking about a very small amount
636
00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:23,000
there's actually a mathematical amount
637
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:24,840
that we're talking about
638
00:24:26,000 --> 00:24:27,000
and what that is is the difference
639
00:24:27,279 --> 00:24:28,279
between bits and bytes this is probably
640
00:24:29,679 --> 00:24:30,679
something you've seen but you're not
641
00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:32,200
even aware of
642
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:34,200
there are eight bits
643
00:24:35,679 --> 00:24:36,679
in one byte
644
00:24:37,760 --> 00:24:38,760
and you'll notice here that
645
00:24:39,840 --> 00:24:40,840
bits are represented by a lowercase b
646
00:24:42,480 --> 00:24:43,480
whereas bytes are represented by an
647
00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:45,960
uppercase b
648
00:24:46,400 --> 00:24:47,400
okay so
649
00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:48,840
one mega bit per second is equivalent to
650
00:24:52,559 --> 00:24:53,559
125
651
00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:55,640
kilo
652
00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:56,600
bytes per second
653
00:24:57,600 --> 00:24:58,600
so that's why when you get your cable
654
00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:00,600
modem installed and they say oh you're
655
00:25:01,120 --> 00:25:02,120
going to get
656
00:25:02,400 --> 00:25:03,400
let's say
657
00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:04,840
16
658
00:25:05,840 --> 00:25:06,840
megabits per second transfer rate and
659
00:25:08,159 --> 00:25:09,159
you get home and you're really only
660
00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:11,320
going to get
661
00:25:11,600 --> 00:25:12,600
2 mega
662
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:14,200
bytes per second transfer right and when
663
00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:17,080
we talk about storage and hard drives
664
00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:18,840
later we deal with this big beat the
665
00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:20,440
megabytes so that's where the confusion
666
00:25:21,279 --> 00:25:22,279
lies so it's really important to
667
00:25:23,039 --> 00:25:24,039
differentiate between these we'll come
668
00:25:25,039 --> 00:25:26,039
back to this number eight again and
669
00:25:27,039 --> 00:25:28,039
again especially when we get into
670
00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:29,320
networking so it's really important to
671
00:25:29,919 --> 00:25:30,919
pay attention to that again
672
00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:32,840
eight bits in one byte
673
00:25:34,559 --> 00:25:35,559
also something i want to point out just
674
00:25:35,919 --> 00:25:36,919
while we're here as you see the m and
675
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:39,080
the k this all is math right so if i
676
00:25:41,360 --> 00:25:42,360
have one
677
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:43,880
byte
678
00:25:44,320 --> 00:25:45,320
that's a sorry one kilobyte would be a
679
00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:48,600
thousand bytes
680
00:25:49,039 --> 00:25:50,039
one megabyte would be a thousand
681
00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:51,880
kilobytes
682
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:53,080
one gigabyte would be a thousand
683
00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:54,600
megabytes etc etc cetera
684
00:25:58,080 --> 00:25:59,080
all right
685
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:00,200
the last vocabulary word i want to talk
686
00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:01,880
about is lane and what a lane is is two
687
00:26:03,679 --> 00:26:04,679
serial wires that enable the sending and
688
00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:07,400
receiving of data simultaneously so this
689
00:26:09,039 --> 00:26:10,039
means that now instead of just sending
690
00:26:10,799 --> 00:26:11,799
over data and then having it sent back
691
00:26:13,039 --> 00:26:14,039
over the same cord i can actually
692
00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:16,520
instead
693
00:26:18,799 --> 00:26:19,799
send
694
00:26:20,159 --> 00:26:21,159
data and
695
00:26:21,600 --> 00:26:22,600
receive data at the same time so you can
696
00:26:24,320 --> 00:26:25,320
see how this is going to allow for a
697
00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:26,520
different type of communication
698
00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:29,400
okay
699
00:26:29,520 --> 00:26:30,520
so we've now covered some vocabulary we
700
00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:33,480
covered what a chipset was base and lane
701
00:26:35,760 --> 00:26:36,760
we also talked about parallel versus
702
00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:38,600
serial communication with a little bit
703
00:26:40,159 --> 00:26:41,159
in there about bit
704
00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:44,440
versus
705
00:26:45,679 --> 00:26:46,679
byte
706
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:49,000
so
707
00:26:49,120 --> 00:26:50,120
let's get into chipsets
708
00:26:51,360 --> 00:26:52,360
there are two main chipset manufacturers
709
00:26:54,559 --> 00:26:55,559
and
710
00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:56,760
when it comes to motherboards i should
711
00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:58,200
say and these are the same names you're
712
00:26:58,720 --> 00:26:59,720
going to see with
713
00:27:00,159 --> 00:27:01,159
central processing units or cpus intel
714
00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:04,600
and amd and what this means is not that
715
00:27:06,080 --> 00:27:07,080
they actually make the chip right you
716
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:09,480
see sony on some and samsung and others
717
00:27:10,960 --> 00:27:11,960
but what this means is they've come up
718
00:27:12,559 --> 00:27:13,559
with the chipset the architecture of
719
00:27:15,840 --> 00:27:16,840
these motherboards of these
720
00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:19,640
cpus so it's important to recognize
721
00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:22,120
these two now when it comes to speed or
722
00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:24,600
quality these are pretty much equal
723
00:27:25,600 --> 00:27:26,600
right there's really no difference here
724
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:28,440
uh there used to be arguments who was
725
00:27:29,039 --> 00:27:30,039
better intel or amd but nowadays that
726
00:27:30,960 --> 00:27:31,960
that argument is is
727
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:33,960
we don't really hear it anymore
728
00:27:36,080 --> 00:27:37,080
all right so
729
00:27:38,159 --> 00:27:39,159
now let's get into this is a really
730
00:27:39,760 --> 00:27:40,760
important part of a plus is
731
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:43,000
there are two main ships that control
732
00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:45,320
communication on a pc motherboard
733
00:27:47,039 --> 00:27:48,039
the north bridge
734
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:49,640
and the south bridge
735
00:27:50,159 --> 00:27:51,159
the north bridge which is also called
736
00:27:52,159 --> 00:27:53,159
the memory controller hub for a reason
737
00:27:54,399 --> 00:27:55,399
you'll see in a second
738
00:27:55,919 --> 00:27:56,919
is responsible for high data transfer
739
00:27:58,559 --> 00:27:59,559
devices
740
00:27:59,679 --> 00:28:00,679
so think about north
741
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:02,440
high it's higher up it's going to be
742
00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:04,440
responsible for high transfer devices
743
00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:06,760
and there are two main high data
744
00:28:07,360 --> 00:28:08,360
transfer devices we're talking about
745
00:28:08,799 --> 00:28:09,799
here high speed graphics and memory or
746
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:13,000
ram which is random access memory these
747
00:28:14,640 --> 00:28:15,640
two items need the fastest communication
748
00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:18,440
to the cpu to the brain of the computer
749
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:20,760
the central processing unit now this is
750
00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:23,080
different from the south bridge again
751
00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:24,600
lower than the north bridge which is
752
00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:26,360
also called the i o controller hub or
753
00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:28,520
the ich
754
00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:31,080
and this is for secondary controllers
755
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:33,480
just about anything else okay so any
756
00:28:35,679 --> 00:28:36,679
input out devices such as hard drives
757
00:28:38,480 --> 00:28:39,480
usb ethernet just about everything else
758
00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:42,120
is going to be controlled by southbridge
759
00:28:42,960 --> 00:28:43,960
so when you see northbridge or
760
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:46,360
southbridge on the exam and it asks you
761
00:28:47,279 --> 00:28:48,279
what device is transferred over those
762
00:28:49,760 --> 00:28:50,760
you want to remember that the only
763
00:28:51,279 --> 00:28:52,279
devices that are going to use the
764
00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:53,640
northbridge are high speed graphics and
765
00:28:54,480 --> 00:28:55,480
ram if you can remember this it makes it
766
00:28:56,640 --> 00:28:57,640
very easy to answer any questions okay
767
00:28:58,799 --> 00:28:59,799
so again high speed graphics and ram are
768
00:29:02,399 --> 00:29:03,399
controlled by the north bridge the south
769
00:29:04,480 --> 00:29:05,480
bridge everything else that's what
770
00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:07,240
allows communication between everything
771
00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:08,760
else
772
00:29:09,520 --> 00:29:10,520
and here is a diagram of the north
773
00:29:11,520 --> 00:29:12,520
bridge in the south bridge you can see
774
00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:14,600
again you can see that here's the c
775
00:29:17,039 --> 00:29:18,039
you can see here i have
776
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:21,000
graphics
777
00:29:21,520 --> 00:29:22,520
and here's memory the only two things
778
00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:24,200
connected directly to northbridge as
779
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:25,960
well as the cpu which makes sense
780
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:27,640
because it's the fastest
781
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:29,640
uh required it requires the fastest
782
00:29:30,559 --> 00:29:31,559
communication
783
00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:32,840
and the south bridge just about
784
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:34,200
everything else right so i got my
785
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:35,720
onboard graphics controller some other
786
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:37,880
external buses etc we'll talk about what
787
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:39,880
all these things mean a little later we
788
00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:41,720
see this here as well right northbridge
789
00:29:43,039 --> 00:29:44,039
pci express which is a high-end graphics
790
00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:45,960
card we'll talk about that connects to
791
00:29:46,640 --> 00:29:47,640
the northbridge ram northbridge
792
00:29:48,799 --> 00:29:49,799
everything else southbridge
793
00:29:53,360 --> 00:29:54,360
the direct media interface
794
00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:56,840
is what connects the north bridge and
795
00:29:57,760 --> 00:29:58,760
the south bridge so if we go back here
796
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:01,080
you see here direct media interface this
797
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:04,440
is called the internal bus but that's
798
00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:05,960
just another name for the direct media
799
00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:07,720
interface this is what connects the
800
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:09,640
north bridge to the south bridge i just
801
00:30:10,399 --> 00:30:11,399
point this out so that if you see the
802
00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:13,320
term direct media interface on the test
803
00:30:15,360 --> 00:30:16,360
you know that that's the thing that
804
00:30:17,039 --> 00:30:18,039
connects north bridge and the south
805
00:30:18,799 --> 00:30:19,799
bridge together these two main chips
806
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:21,960
that control communication on our
807
00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:23,240
motherboard
808
00:30:25,679 --> 00:30:26,679
so now we've talked about the chipset
809
00:30:27,919 --> 00:30:28,919
we've talked about intel versus amd our
810
00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:31,240
two main
811
00:30:31,360 --> 00:30:32,360
competitors and
812
00:30:33,039 --> 00:30:34,039
manufacturers the north bridge again
813
00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:36,840
responsible for ram communication and
814
00:30:38,559 --> 00:30:39,559
high graphics and the south bridge which
815
00:30:40,399 --> 00:30:41,399
is everything else and the dmi direct
816
00:30:42,799 --> 00:30:43,799
media interface which connects the two
817
00:30:44,559 --> 00:30:45,559
together so let's get into buses
818
00:30:48,559 --> 00:30:49,559
so
819
00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:50,520
we see two different definitions here
820
00:30:51,520 --> 00:30:52,520
front side bus
821
00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:53,960
and hyper transport and the only
822
00:30:54,880 --> 00:30:55,880
difference between these they're exactly
823
00:30:56,399 --> 00:30:57,399
the same is one is what intel calls it
824
00:30:59,039 --> 00:31:00,039
the other is what amd calls it okay and
825
00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:02,360
what the front side bus is the very
826
00:31:03,440 --> 00:31:04,440
front of that bus right what's the very
827
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:07,000
what's the most important thing of our
828
00:31:07,919 --> 00:31:08,919
computer the brain right and that's the
829
00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:10,600
cpu so this the front side bus is what
830
00:31:12,080 --> 00:31:13,080
allows the cpu to communicate with the
831
00:31:15,279 --> 00:31:16,279
north bridge or with the rest of the
832
00:31:18,080 --> 00:31:19,080
motherboard okay so that's the front
833
00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:20,840
side bus it is that communication route
834
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:23,240
between the north bridge and the cpu and
835
00:31:25,120 --> 00:31:26,120
between the in effect then the south
836
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:28,200
bridge and the cpu as well
837
00:31:30,720 --> 00:31:31,720
the memory bus also connects to do you
838
00:31:33,519 --> 00:31:34,519
know what
839
00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:35,480
that's right the north bridge right
840
00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:37,240
because
841
00:31:37,519 --> 00:31:38,519
memory bus right again is the fast speed
842
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:42,120
that needs to go straight to that north
843
00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:43,640
bridge has a closer connection to the
844
00:31:44,559 --> 00:31:45,559
cpu over here alright so the memory bus
845
00:31:47,679 --> 00:31:48,679
is where all the ram plugs in we'll talk
846
00:31:49,600 --> 00:31:50,600
more about these memory slots that you
847
00:31:51,600 --> 00:31:52,600
see represented right here in a later
848
00:31:53,679 --> 00:31:54,679
video
849
00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:58,200
expansion buses are all the other buses
850
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:00,360
that allow us to expand the capabilities
851
00:32:02,720 --> 00:32:03,720
of the motherboard and if we go look at
852
00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:05,640
a motherboard real quickly you can see
853
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:07,720
several of these expansion buses here
854
00:32:08,559 --> 00:32:09,559
right so here's a couple these are
855
00:32:09,919 --> 00:32:10,919
called pci
856
00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:12,840
pci expansion buses and here's an
857
00:32:14,559 --> 00:32:15,559
expansion bus and then we have several
858
00:32:17,039 --> 00:32:18,039
expansion buses for storage devices here
859
00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:21,240
and you can see a couple
860
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:23,880
expansion buses or uh devices rather
861
00:32:25,200 --> 00:32:26,200
already plugged into expansion buses if
862
00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:28,440
you look right here
863
00:32:30,080 --> 00:32:31,080
and the next video was what we're going
864
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,000
to talk about are these specific
865
00:32:33,279 --> 00:32:34,279
expansion buses and the differences
866
00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:35,960
between them all right but before we get
867
00:32:36,720 --> 00:32:37,720
there let's just recap what we've talked
868
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:39,320
about so we just talked about all the
869
00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:41,240
different buses front side bus hyper
870
00:32:42,320 --> 00:32:43,320
transport bus memory bus and expansion
871
00:32:44,399 --> 00:32:45,399
buses so recap this entire video we
872
00:32:47,519 --> 00:32:48,519
talked about certain vocabulary chip set
873
00:32:50,559 --> 00:32:51,559
being all those chips put together and
874
00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:53,880
marketed as one a set of chips if you
875
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:56,200
will the bus which transports data from
876
00:32:58,640 --> 00:32:59,640
one place to another
877
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:01,240
a lane which allows for
878
00:33:03,679 --> 00:33:04,679
communication in and out
879
00:33:06,159 --> 00:33:07,159
we talked about parallel versus serial
880
00:33:08,840 --> 00:33:09,840
communication parallel meaning more than
881
00:33:11,279 --> 00:33:12,279
one bit of data at a time whereas serial
882
00:33:13,440 --> 00:33:14,440
is one bit of data at a time
883
00:33:15,919 --> 00:33:16,919
we also talked about the chip sets the
884
00:33:18,159 --> 00:33:19,159
two major manufacturers intel and amd
885
00:33:21,840 --> 00:33:22,840
the north bridge which again i'm just
886
00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:24,760
going to write it up here again
887
00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:26,840
allows the connection of ram
888
00:33:28,480 --> 00:33:29,480
or rather the communication of ram
889
00:33:30,399 --> 00:33:31,399
random access memory
890
00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:33,320
and high speed graphics i just want to
891
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:35,960
write that again because it's easy way
892
00:33:36,640 --> 00:33:37,640
to remember this you don't have to
893
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:38,600
remember every single thing the south
894
00:33:39,039 --> 00:33:40,039
bridge does all you have to do is
895
00:33:40,559 --> 00:33:41,559
remember the north bridge is responsible
896
00:33:42,159 --> 00:33:43,159
for ram and graphics and now you know
897
00:33:44,399 --> 00:33:45,399
exactly what the north bridge and the
898
00:33:46,240 --> 00:33:47,240
south bridge control
899
00:33:47,919 --> 00:33:48,919
so we also talked about the south bridge
900
00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:50,600
which is everything else other than
901
00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:52,200
these two things ram and graphics
902
00:33:53,919 --> 00:33:54,919
and the dmi direct media interface which
903
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:57,960
connects these two the north bridge and
904
00:33:58,880 --> 00:33:59,880
the south bridge together
905
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:02,200
we talked about buses the front side bus
906
00:34:03,600 --> 00:34:04,600
which is also called the hyper transport
907
00:34:05,679 --> 00:34:06,679
bus on amd
908
00:34:07,919 --> 00:34:08,919
a memory bus which
909
00:34:11,359 --> 00:34:12,359
communicates between the memory the
910
00:34:13,119 --> 00:34:14,119
front side bus and hyper transport bus
911
00:34:15,280 --> 00:34:16,280
like their names cpu communication and
912
00:34:18,480 --> 00:34:19,480
finally expansion buses which allow us
913
00:34:20,960 --> 00:34:21,960
to expand the capabilities of our
914
00:34:24,079 --> 00:34:25,079
motherboard and plug other things into
915
00:34:25,919 --> 00:34:26,919
it so with all that being said let's
916
00:34:28,159 --> 00:34:29,159
move on to the next video and talk about
917
00:34:29,839 --> 00:34:30,839
our expansion buses and the type of
918
00:34:31,839 --> 00:34:32,839
storage tech the different technologies
919
00:34:33,760 --> 00:34:34,760
that go along with those
920
00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:36,280
and the different types of storage
921
00:34:36,639 --> 00:34:37,639
technologies we have
922
00:34:41,580 --> 00:34:42,580
[Music]
923
00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:05,720
motherboards expansion buses and storage
924
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:09,240
technology
925
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:11,640
now that we've discussed motherboards
926
00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:13,400
and what makes them the spinal cord of
927
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:16,280
the computer
928
00:35:17,119 --> 00:35:18,119
i want to talk specifically about two
929
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:19,800
ways we add things to the motherboard so
930
00:35:21,599 --> 00:35:22,599
the computer has more functionality
931
00:35:24,160 --> 00:35:25,160
expansion buses allow us to add new
932
00:35:26,800 --> 00:35:27,800
technologies to the motherboard via
933
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:31,320
certain different
934
00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:32,760
by different types of buses we'll
935
00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:34,200
discuss and in storage technology i just
936
00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:36,520
want to look briefly at the two main
937
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:38,440
storage technologies we use when it
938
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:40,440
comes to computers and we will revisit
939
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:43,000
them when we get into storage more fully
940
00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:46,680
so first of all we're going to talk
941
00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:47,880
about expansion buses and there are
942
00:35:48,720 --> 00:35:49,720
several different expansion buses you
943
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:51,320
need to know for the a plus exam i'm
944
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:53,400
going to focus on what makes them
945
00:35:53,839 --> 00:35:54,839
different from each other to help you
946
00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:56,440
remember the first is isa
947
00:35:58,480 --> 00:35:59,480
the second is pci now pci has several
948
00:36:03,040 --> 00:36:04,040
different iterations pci x or pci
949
00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:07,640
extended
950
00:36:08,079 --> 00:36:09,079
pcie which also is pci express
951
00:36:12,480 --> 00:36:13,480
and mini pci which as the name implies
952
00:36:15,119 --> 00:36:16,119
was a smaller version of the pci bus
953
00:36:18,320 --> 00:36:19,320
i'll also mention agp specifically for
954
00:36:21,040 --> 00:36:22,040
graphics
955
00:36:22,720 --> 00:36:23,720
amr and cnr which were for modem and
956
00:36:26,079 --> 00:36:27,079
sound expansion
957
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:28,920
and also pcmcia otherwise known as a pc
958
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:32,280
card which used to be used a lot in
959
00:36:33,119 --> 00:36:34,119
laptops and we'll discuss those more
960
00:36:34,720 --> 00:36:35,720
when we get to laptops as well
961
00:36:37,200 --> 00:36:38,200
then i want to touch on the storage
962
00:36:38,640 --> 00:36:39,640
technology as i mentioned including peda
963
00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:42,520
or parallel ata
964
00:36:43,520 --> 00:36:44,520
and sata or serial ata
965
00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:48,200
all right so let's start with expansion
966
00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:50,440
buses
967
00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:51,480
the first expansion bus i want to
968
00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:53,000
describe is called isa which also stands
969
00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:56,520
for
970
00:36:57,599 --> 00:36:58,599
industry
971
00:37:00,640 --> 00:37:01,640
standard architecture
972
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:04,280
and
973
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:05,400
this expansion bus you're not going to
974
00:37:06,400 --> 00:37:07,400
see a lot and sometimes it's not even on
975
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:09,800
the exam much anymore but i mention it
976
00:37:12,240 --> 00:37:13,240
because
977
00:37:14,880 --> 00:37:15,880
you might see it
978
00:37:16,320 --> 00:37:17,320
and it is you might see it in some
979
00:37:17,680 --> 00:37:18,680
computers someplace and i just want to
980
00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:20,200
make sure you're aware of it
981
00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:22,680
so
982
00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:23,480
the p the isa port is actually right
983
00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:25,880
here it's this long one and you'll see
984
00:37:27,119 --> 00:37:28,119
that it's actually sort of an extension
985
00:37:28,720 --> 00:37:29,720
on it at the end here
986
00:37:31,359 --> 00:37:32,359
right
987
00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:33,880
here
988
00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:35,320
and that's because this first part uh
989
00:37:36,640 --> 00:37:37,640
supported 16 bits
990
00:37:39,359 --> 00:37:40,359
of data
991
00:37:40,400 --> 00:37:41,400
as we know that that is two bytes worth
992
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:43,720
of data
993
00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:45,800
and then over here we have an extension
994
00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:48,680
that allowed for 32 bits okay so really
995
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:52,280
what this
996
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:53,400
older extension bus was attempting to do
997
00:37:54,880 --> 00:37:55,880
was allow you to connect more and more
998
00:37:56,960 --> 00:37:57,960
complicated devices but eventually it
999
00:37:59,440 --> 00:38:00,440
just became
1000
00:38:01,599 --> 00:38:02,599
out of date and it couldn't sort of hold
1001
00:38:03,599 --> 00:38:04,599
what it needed to and so what we did is
1002
00:38:05,760 --> 00:38:06,760
then we went to
1003
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:08,280
um
1004
00:38:08,640 --> 00:38:09,640
pci
1005
00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:10,760
which is the next version we're going to
1006
00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:12,200
look at
1007
00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:15,000
and pci has several iterations i want to
1008
00:38:16,079 --> 00:38:17,079
talk about all right first pci stands
1009
00:38:19,359 --> 00:38:20,359
for peripheral
1010
00:38:21,280 --> 00:38:22,280
component interconnect let me just write
1011
00:38:24,160 --> 00:38:25,160
that out here
1012
00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:42,440
and
1013
00:38:42,720 --> 00:38:43,720
what was great about pci was it was a a
1014
00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:46,280
new standard
1015
00:38:47,119 --> 00:38:48,119
it supported the same functions found on
1016
00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:51,160
the cpu or processor bus but it had its
1017
00:38:53,599 --> 00:38:54,599
own assigned address space so it allowed
1018
00:38:55,839 --> 00:38:56,839
the cpu to
1019
00:38:57,760 --> 00:38:58,760
do its own thing and allow the pci bus
1020
00:38:59,680 --> 00:39:00,680
to do its own thing now that's not as
1021
00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:02,760
important as just knowing that the pci
1022
00:39:03,839 --> 00:39:04,839
is probably one of the more common
1023
00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:06,760
expansion buses we see and there were
1024
00:39:07,920 --> 00:39:08,920
two additional uh ones that were created
1025
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:12,920
for desktop computers the first was pcie
1026
00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:18,040
sorry the first was actually pci x and
1027
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:21,000
the x comes from
1028
00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:23,400
extended
1029
00:39:24,320 --> 00:39:25,320
with the big x now it's important to
1030
00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:27,480
know the difference between that because
1031
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:29,160
even though it starts with an e it is
1032
00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:30,760
not pcie and pci x allowed for a 32-bit
1033
00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:39,880
expansion bus now when we get to pcie
1034
00:39:41,760 --> 00:39:42,760
and the e stands for express this lets
1035
00:39:44,560 --> 00:39:45,560
us get some really high-end
1036
00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:48,440
devices onto the computer
1037
00:39:50,160 --> 00:39:51,160
it's basically replaced every other
1038
00:39:52,720 --> 00:39:53,720
major expansion port at this point so
1039
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:56,040
pcie or pci express is the one you're
1040
00:39:57,119 --> 00:39:58,119
going to see the most
1041
00:39:58,800 --> 00:39:59,800
when you look out and all of these are
1042
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:01,400
just different versions of the pci
1043
00:40:02,880 --> 00:40:03,880
expansion bus right these are all
1044
00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:05,560
different pci expansion
1045
00:40:07,119 --> 00:40:08,119
but different ones are different sizes
1046
00:40:09,680 --> 00:40:10,680
for different bits etc it's not
1047
00:40:11,760 --> 00:40:12,760
important that you be able to recognize
1048
00:40:13,359 --> 00:40:14,359
them because you're not going to see
1049
00:40:14,400 --> 00:40:15,400
them in that way on the computer and if
1050
00:40:16,079 --> 00:40:17,079
you look closely even if you're on a
1051
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:18,440
computer right here you can see it says
1052
00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:19,960
pcie 4. i don't know if you can see that
1053
00:40:21,680 --> 00:40:22,680
but it's sort of hidden there behind the
1054
00:40:24,400 --> 00:40:25,400
motherboard
1055
00:40:25,680 --> 00:40:26,680
but it'll label it for you and tell you
1056
00:40:27,599 --> 00:40:28,599
exactly what the computer is capable of
1057
00:40:30,319 --> 00:40:31,319
but the important thing to know is that
1058
00:40:31,839 --> 00:40:32,839
pcie is the fastest one that is
1059
00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:35,480
currently on the market now p mini pci
1060
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:39,000
as the name implies was created
1061
00:40:39,920 --> 00:40:40,920
specifically for laptops and also
1062
00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:43,640
smaller computers
1063
00:40:44,560 --> 00:40:45,560
and it has less to do with the
1064
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:47,480
physical size than it does with the sort
1065
00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:49,960
of architecture which is made to be
1066
00:40:50,960 --> 00:40:51,960
smaller so it could fit on
1067
00:40:53,599 --> 00:40:54,599
laptop motherboards
1068
00:40:58,800 --> 00:40:59,800
so
1069
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:00,760
now that we've covered pci i want to
1070
00:41:01,520 --> 00:41:02,520
talk about agp which is another major
1071
00:41:03,839 --> 00:41:04,839
one again agp has been mostly replaced
1072
00:41:06,880 --> 00:41:07,880
by pcie
1073
00:41:08,560 --> 00:41:09,560
right so pcie is still our most common
1074
00:41:11,599 --> 00:41:12,599
one that we see
1075
00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:14,760
but uh agp specifically stood for and
1076
00:41:17,040 --> 00:41:18,040
this is an agp port right here you can
1077
00:41:19,119 --> 00:41:20,119
see it and i have another picture on the
1078
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:21,960
next page you'll be able to notice it
1079
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:23,480
right and both of these as they point
1080
00:41:23,920 --> 00:41:24,920
out these are pcis
1081
00:41:26,079 --> 00:41:27,079
okay so what happened was for a while uh
1082
00:41:28,880 --> 00:41:29,880
the pci wasn't very fast and we needed
1083
00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:32,040
something that could specifically deal
1084
00:41:32,480 --> 00:41:33,480
with graphics and so they created this a
1085
00:41:34,880 --> 00:41:35,880
agp which stands for accelerated
1086
00:41:44,640 --> 00:41:45,640
graphics port
1087
00:41:46,079 --> 00:41:47,079
and as the name implies it was
1088
00:41:47,520 --> 00:41:48,520
specifically for graphics and graphics
1089
00:41:49,599 --> 00:41:50,599
cards were made specifically to utilize
1090
00:41:51,599 --> 00:41:52,599
it
1091
00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:54,040
now of course what happened is
1092
00:41:54,319 --> 00:41:55,319
eventually pci came in and replaced agp
1093
00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:59,000
but
1094
00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:00,040
agp was the main
1095
00:42:01,119 --> 00:42:02,119
graphics card interface for a long time
1096
00:42:03,119 --> 00:42:04,119
and if you see it on the test you want
1097
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:05,560
to know that it has to do mostly with
1098
00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:08,520
displays and graphics okay so just
1099
00:42:10,240 --> 00:42:11,240
remember that if you see agp you want to
1100
00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:13,960
remember this word right here this
1101
00:42:14,800 --> 00:42:15,800
graphics word
1102
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:17,560
and if we go to the next page too
1103
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:19,960
uh you'll see
1104
00:42:22,160 --> 00:42:23,160
uh
1105
00:42:23,119 --> 00:42:24,119
you can see this agp port here and
1106
00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:25,880
actually just to give us a quick review
1107
00:42:27,440 --> 00:42:28,440
all of these
1108
00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:30,200
are
1109
00:42:30,560 --> 00:42:31,560
all of these are pci
1110
00:42:33,680 --> 00:42:34,680
ports
1111
00:42:34,640 --> 00:42:35,640
next to this agp right here
1112
00:42:37,839 --> 00:42:38,839
and we also have some old school isas so
1113
00:42:40,560 --> 00:42:41,560
this motherboard i can tell
1114
00:42:42,400 --> 00:42:43,400
comes at a point before pcie but when
1115
00:42:45,599 --> 00:42:46,599
agp had just been invented so this sort
1116
00:42:48,000 --> 00:42:49,000
of dates the motherboard and you can
1117
00:42:49,280 --> 00:42:50,280
tell them they had to put in these isas
1118
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:52,040
right over here let's write up those are
1119
00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:53,800
the
1120
00:42:55,119 --> 00:42:56,119
isas and over here those are pcis and
1121
00:42:59,359 --> 00:43:00,359
they had to put these isa still in here
1122
00:43:01,760 --> 00:43:02,760
because people probably still had isa
1123
00:43:05,119 --> 00:43:06,119
expansion ports
1124
00:43:07,599 --> 00:43:08,599
all right so the next one i just want to
1125
00:43:09,280 --> 00:43:10,280
mention briefly and you're not going to
1126
00:43:10,720 --> 00:43:11,720
see it a lot is this one amr and cmr and
1127
00:43:14,079 --> 00:43:15,079
these were specifically made
1128
00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:17,640
to support uh
1129
00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:19,480
sound cards
1130
00:43:19,920 --> 00:43:20,920
and also modems i don't know why those
1131
00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:23,880
two
1132
00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:24,920
although
1133
00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:26,200
we do see a lot of sort of similarities
1134
00:43:27,119 --> 00:43:28,119
in how they're created but
1135
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:29,720
either way this was specifically
1136
00:43:30,560 --> 00:43:31,560
for audio and modems and the reason you
1137
00:43:32,319 --> 00:43:33,319
can remember that is because amr is
1138
00:43:36,079 --> 00:43:37,079
audio
1139
00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:38,680
modem
1140
00:43:38,839 --> 00:43:39,839
riser right and these were specifically
1141
00:43:41,520 --> 00:43:42,520
for the needs of audio and modem
1142
00:43:44,640 --> 00:43:45,640
um
1143
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:46,760
capabilities we don't see them a lot
1144
00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:48,440
anymore again because of pci e which
1145
00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:51,640
basically did away with all of these
1146
00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:53,960
other
1147
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:55,000
weird expansion ports that they tried
1148
00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:57,160
putting in
1149
00:43:58,240 --> 00:43:59,240
finally on motherboards you're going to
1150
00:43:59,680 --> 00:44:00,680
be seeing a lot of pcm sorry finally on
1151
00:44:03,119 --> 00:44:04,119
laptops you're going to see a lot of
1152
00:44:04,880 --> 00:44:05,880
pcmcia
1153
00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:07,480
cards now you might remember these
1154
00:44:08,640 --> 00:44:09,640
depending on how old you are because you
1155
00:44:10,400 --> 00:44:11,400
had little slots on the side of your
1156
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:13,000
laptop that these could plug into and
1157
00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:15,000
you could expand just about anything
1158
00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:16,760
using these so for instance this is a
1159
00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:18,280
network card and right here which you
1160
00:44:19,440 --> 00:44:20,440
can't see there's a little network slot
1161
00:44:21,520 --> 00:44:22,520
and this just plugged right into a hole
1162
00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:24,920
on the side of the laptop and allowed
1163
00:44:26,079 --> 00:44:27,079
you to expand the the laptop without
1164
00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:29,160
having to do a lot of opening up of you
1165
00:44:30,960 --> 00:44:31,960
know the laptop and its components which
1166
00:44:32,720 --> 00:44:33,720
can get a little tricky and if we take a
1167
00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:35,560
look this is a more of an internal
1168
00:44:37,599 --> 00:44:38,599
pcmcia
1169
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:40,920
card now the difference here is this is
1170
00:44:42,319 --> 00:44:43,319
also an ethernet card actually for
1171
00:44:44,079 --> 00:44:45,079
networks right you can see this is where
1172
00:44:45,920 --> 00:44:46,920
it would plug in right here
1173
00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:49,160
so it's different from the sort of
1174
00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:50,280
internal motherboard and right here you
1175
00:44:51,599 --> 00:44:52,599
would plug in a little what was called a
1176
00:44:53,359 --> 00:44:54,359
dongle that would sort of go off like
1177
00:44:55,599 --> 00:44:56,599
this and then it had a little cord on it
1178
00:44:57,680 --> 00:44:58,680
right but this just gives you an idea of
1179
00:44:59,119 --> 00:45:00,119
how uh small and
1180
00:45:01,440 --> 00:45:02,440
i
1181
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:03,400
i should i wish i had a thing here to
1182
00:45:04,400 --> 00:45:05,400
show you this sort of distance but this
1183
00:45:05,920 --> 00:45:06,920
is probably about
1184
00:45:07,520 --> 00:45:08,520
uh you know five to six inches
1185
00:45:14,480 --> 00:45:15,480
and for those of you who deal with um
1186
00:45:16,079 --> 00:45:17,079
you know centimeters it's probably about
1187
00:45:18,400 --> 00:45:19,400
uh with 10 centimeters 10 to 12
1188
00:45:20,400 --> 00:45:21,400
centimeters as well
1189
00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:23,400
i'll just write that up here
1190
00:45:26,400 --> 00:45:27,400
so they're very small and it fit right
1191
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:29,400
in on the side here and this was
1192
00:45:30,800 --> 00:45:31,800
expansion port specifically for laptops
1193
00:45:33,920 --> 00:45:34,920
okay
1194
00:45:38,160 --> 00:45:39,160
and here i've created a table and you
1195
00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:41,160
can find this you can download this as
1196
00:45:41,440 --> 00:45:42,440
well that tells you
1197
00:45:42,960 --> 00:45:43,960
these are the main expansion buses you
1198
00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:45,720
need to know tells you the maximum data
1199
00:45:47,040 --> 00:45:48,040
rate
1200
00:45:48,480 --> 00:45:49,480
how fast data can fly down these buses
1201
00:45:50,880 --> 00:45:51,880
and also how the megahertz or gigahertz
1202
00:45:53,520 --> 00:45:54,520
which is the speed that we can test
1203
00:45:55,839 --> 00:45:56,839
things in
1204
00:45:57,760 --> 00:45:58,760
and you can see one major point is that
1205
00:46:00,400 --> 00:46:01,400
we've replaced a 32-bit parallel
1206
00:46:03,359 --> 00:46:04,359
architecture
1207
00:46:04,720 --> 00:46:05,720
with a serial architecture here in the
1208
00:46:07,280 --> 00:46:08,280
pcie
1209
00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:09,960
okay you can also see how much faster
1210
00:46:11,760 --> 00:46:12,760
pci express is when it comes to
1211
00:46:16,079 --> 00:46:17,079
comparing it to the previous versions
1212
00:46:18,160 --> 00:46:19,160
and one thing that might seem a little
1213
00:46:19,359 --> 00:46:20,359
odd is you're going wait a minute this
1214
00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:21,640
one has two gigabytes over here and this
1215
00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:23,880
one is one gigabyte so isn't the agp
1216
00:46:24,880 --> 00:46:25,880
faster but what you'll notice is this is
1217
00:46:26,560 --> 00:46:27,560
one gigabyte per lane and if you recall
1218
00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:30,440
a lane allows you to send data
1219
00:46:32,079 --> 00:46:33,079
one way and then receive it another
1220
00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:35,160
right so we're sending and receiving
1221
00:46:36,319 --> 00:46:37,319
data
1222
00:46:37,920 --> 00:46:38,920
we're at faster much much faster
1223
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:41,000
frequencies if you see over here
1224
00:46:42,400 --> 00:46:43,400
and we have one through 16 full duplex
1225
00:46:46,079 --> 00:46:47,079
lanes so i can have up to 16 serial
1226
00:46:49,280 --> 00:46:50,280
lanes on pcie which really means that
1227
00:46:51,760 --> 00:46:52,760
i'm
1228
00:46:52,560 --> 00:46:53,560
you know multiplying this one gigabyte
1229
00:46:54,640 --> 00:46:55,640
by 16. so my maximum is actually closer
1230
00:46:57,119 --> 00:46:58,119
to 16 gigabytes per second and that
1231
00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:00,680
includes sending and receiving data at
1232
00:47:01,760 --> 00:47:02,760
the same time again you can find this
1233
00:47:03,920 --> 00:47:04,920
table uh you can download this table and
1234
00:47:06,640 --> 00:47:07,640
so you can study this and remember it
1235
00:47:08,480 --> 00:47:09,480
you're going to want to know
1236
00:47:10,319 --> 00:47:11,319
specifically these three
1237
00:47:12,560 --> 00:47:13,560
right for the test you're going to want
1238
00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:14,920
to remember some of these data rates
1239
00:47:16,160 --> 00:47:17,160
specifically that pci express is serial
1240
00:47:20,319 --> 00:47:21,319
and then it runs on these lanes okay
1241
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:23,000
that means it's full duplex meaning that
1242
00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:25,000
the data can come can be sent and
1243
00:47:26,160 --> 00:47:27,160
received all right
1244
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:29,800
so
1245
00:47:31,839 --> 00:47:32,839
we've now talked about
1246
00:47:33,839 --> 00:47:34,839
expansion buses including isa which was
1247
00:47:37,040 --> 00:47:38,040
the oldest version
1248
00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:39,800
pci
1249
00:47:40,960 --> 00:47:41,960
pci extended
1250
00:47:44,079 --> 00:47:45,079
which is what that x stands for both of
1251
00:47:46,559 --> 00:47:47,559
these were replaced by pcie which we use
1252
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:51,000
for just about everything nowadays
1253
00:47:51,920 --> 00:47:52,920
especially graphics
1254
00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:54,920
mini pcie which was made for
1255
00:47:57,200 --> 00:47:58,200
motherboards and expansion ports on
1256
00:47:58,640 --> 00:47:59,640
motherboards and looks very different
1257
00:48:00,400 --> 00:48:01,400
you probably won't run into a mini pcie
1258
00:48:02,559 --> 00:48:03,559
unless you're opening up a laptop we
1259
00:48:04,559 --> 00:48:05,559
also talked about agp which used to be
1260
00:48:06,880 --> 00:48:07,880
used for graphics but it's not used
1261
00:48:08,400 --> 00:48:09,400
anymore because of pcie or pci
1262
00:48:11,839 --> 00:48:12,839
express
1263
00:48:14,319 --> 00:48:15,319
amr which is that audio modem uh riser
1264
00:48:18,480 --> 00:48:19,480
and finally pcmcia
1265
00:48:21,440 --> 00:48:22,440
which is a pc card specifically for
1266
00:48:24,720 --> 00:48:25,720
laptops
1267
00:48:26,079 --> 00:48:27,079
and just because i don't think i
1268
00:48:27,440 --> 00:48:28,440
actually mentioned what that stands for
1269
00:48:30,079 --> 00:48:31,079
pcmcia
1270
00:48:31,760 --> 00:48:32,760
is a
1271
00:48:32,839 --> 00:48:33,839
personal computer
1272
00:48:41,359 --> 00:48:42,359
memory card
1273
00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:44,760
international association
1274
00:48:46,160 --> 00:48:47,160
right and this is because originally uh
1275
00:48:48,880 --> 00:48:49,880
this was used for memory only
1276
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:53,400
now it's used or when it was used it was
1277
00:48:55,040 --> 00:48:56,040
used for a whole bunch of other things
1278
00:48:58,000 --> 00:48:59,000
all right so let's talk now about some
1279
00:49:00,559 --> 00:49:01,559
storage technology and again we're going
1280
00:49:01,920 --> 00:49:02,920
to cover this in more depth when we get
1281
00:49:04,240 --> 00:49:05,240
into
1282
00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:06,920
storage specifically
1283
00:49:09,359 --> 00:49:10,359
so first i want to point out here we
1284
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:12,200
have a whole bunch of expansion buses
1285
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:15,960
right we have some pcmci sorry
1286
00:49:18,319 --> 00:49:19,319
we have some pci ports
1287
00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:21,880
uh
1288
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:23,000
all sorts of different types and sizes
1289
00:49:25,520 --> 00:49:26,520
all right over here
1290
00:49:27,119 --> 00:49:28,119
and then down here these are our two
1291
00:49:29,119 --> 00:49:30,119
storage expansion areas okay
1292
00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:32,200
sata
1293
00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:33,960
and over here
1294
00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:35,880
is peda
1295
00:49:36,079 --> 00:49:37,079
all right and let's talk more about
1296
00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:38,280
these in in specific and again we will
1297
00:49:39,680 --> 00:49:40,680
cover these in more depth when we get
1298
00:49:41,599 --> 00:49:42,599
into storage
1299
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:45,000
so here's a peda
1300
00:49:45,839 --> 00:49:46,839
up close and personal it's
1301
00:49:48,400 --> 00:49:49,400
a 40 pin
1302
00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:53,800
bus us
1303
00:49:54,079 --> 00:49:55,079
okay the power is in a separate
1304
00:49:56,480 --> 00:49:57,480
connector and something called a molex
1305
00:49:58,559 --> 00:49:59,559
connector and we will talk about that
1306
00:50:00,800 --> 00:50:01,800
more later and you can see that it's
1307
00:50:02,400 --> 00:50:03,400
keyed
1308
00:50:03,599 --> 00:50:04,599
meaning can only be put in a certain way
1309
00:50:06,319 --> 00:50:07,319
you see these are not equidistant the
1310
00:50:08,240 --> 00:50:09,240
area from here to here is not
1311
00:50:09,520 --> 00:50:10,520
equidistant with the area from here to
1312
00:50:11,040 --> 00:50:12,040
here and this also makes sure as we
1313
00:50:12,640 --> 00:50:13,640
don't put it upside down
1314
00:50:14,640 --> 00:50:15,640
this red cord down here you see that
1315
00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:18,920
determines uh usually that should point
1316
00:50:20,960 --> 00:50:21,960
towards the power source on the device
1317
00:50:23,839 --> 00:50:24,839
and this connects directly into uh the
1318
00:50:26,800 --> 00:50:27,800
motherboard and then to two devices
1319
00:50:29,520 --> 00:50:30,520
up to two devices i should say including
1320
00:50:31,520 --> 00:50:32,520
optical devices hard drives etc
1321
00:50:36,720 --> 00:50:37,720
you can see it here uh being plugged
1322
00:50:38,800 --> 00:50:39,800
into
1323
00:50:40,559 --> 00:50:41,559
a hard drive and parallel ata or peda
1324
00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:45,000
was also called
1325
00:50:46,720 --> 00:50:47,720
an integrated drive electronics was an
1326
00:50:48,880 --> 00:50:49,880
older name for it
1327
00:51:00,960 --> 00:51:01,960
um and that's why sometimes you'll see
1328
00:51:02,640 --> 00:51:03,640
it referred to as ide which is actually
1329
00:51:04,400 --> 00:51:05,400
a misnomer
1330
00:51:05,839 --> 00:51:06,839
but a lot of people you will see it
1331
00:51:08,559 --> 00:51:09,559
called that of course
1332
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:11,000
peda which is parallel
1333
00:51:12,400 --> 00:51:13,400
80
1334
00:51:13,520 --> 00:51:14,520
attachment
1335
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:16,280
right and that tells you exactly how the
1336
00:51:16,880 --> 00:51:17,880
data is being transferred which is
1337
00:51:18,720 --> 00:51:19,720
through parallel means so there are you
1338
00:51:21,280 --> 00:51:22,280
know several different buses here
1339
00:51:24,240 --> 00:51:25,240
you can see different cords going up
1340
00:51:26,640 --> 00:51:27,640
right and these are all working in
1341
00:51:27,920 --> 00:51:28,920
parallel with one another now this is in
1342
00:51:30,160 --> 00:51:31,160
stark difference to the uh the newer
1343
00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:33,480
version which is sata and again i just a
1344
00:51:35,440 --> 00:51:36,440
closer look at the motherboard
1345
00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:39,800
right here that's where you would plug
1346
00:51:40,640 --> 00:51:41,640
in
1347
00:51:41,440 --> 00:51:42,440
a peda
1348
00:51:43,839 --> 00:51:44,839
cord onto the motherboard
1349
00:51:50,240 --> 00:51:51,240
sata is much different right you can see
1350
00:51:52,720 --> 00:51:53,720
it's much smaller much more compact and
1351
00:51:55,119 --> 00:51:56,119
actually it has its very own power
1352
00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:57,800
connector which is also called a sata
1353
00:51:59,040 --> 00:52:00,040
power connector
1354
00:52:01,839 --> 00:52:02,839
you can see how much less space this
1355
00:52:03,599 --> 00:52:04,599
takes and it's actually a good deal
1356
00:52:05,599 --> 00:52:06,599
faster because of how it's created
1357
00:52:08,319 --> 00:52:09,319
it shares the same last three letters
1358
00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:12,200
which is a t attachment with peda but
1359
00:52:14,319 --> 00:52:15,319
the difference is this is serial
1360
00:52:17,599 --> 00:52:18,599
so instead of having data that is
1361
00:52:19,599 --> 00:52:20,599
parallel you have it
1362
00:52:21,280 --> 00:52:22,280
in serial okay so the data is actually
1363
00:52:23,359 --> 00:52:24,359
traveling quite differently uh over the
1364
00:52:26,400 --> 00:52:27,400
device
1365
00:52:28,240 --> 00:52:29,240
and if we look here at the motherboard i
1366
00:52:30,319 --> 00:52:31,319
showed you first of all here's our
1367
00:52:31,839 --> 00:52:32,839
parallel
1368
00:52:33,119 --> 00:52:34,119
right which is all the way over here and
1369
00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:35,640
then here are the cereals and one thing
1370
00:52:36,800 --> 00:52:37,800
you'll notice is that you have a bunch
1371
00:52:39,119 --> 00:52:40,119
more cereals
1372
00:52:40,559 --> 00:52:41,559
than you do parallel and that's because
1373
00:52:42,640 --> 00:52:43,640
each parallel could hold
1374
00:52:45,200 --> 00:52:46,200
two devices
1375
00:52:47,119 --> 00:52:48,119
on it so you could have one hard drive
1376
00:52:49,119 --> 00:52:50,119
and one optical drive
1377
00:52:50,960 --> 00:52:51,960
and you could have up to two of these
1378
00:52:53,359 --> 00:52:54,359
parallels so you could really have a
1379
00:52:55,599 --> 00:52:56,599
total of four devices per motherboard
1380
00:52:58,160 --> 00:52:59,160
and you could actually expand this there
1381
00:53:00,800 --> 00:53:01,800
are ways to do that
1382
00:53:02,240 --> 00:53:03,240
but with sata each device has its own
1383
00:53:04,880 --> 00:53:05,880
sata connection and you can see there
1384
00:53:06,240 --> 00:53:07,240
are actually four right here the blue
1385
00:53:08,480 --> 00:53:09,480
ones and these white ones just
1386
00:53:10,400 --> 00:53:11,400
differentiate a specific type of sata
1387
00:53:12,640 --> 00:53:13,640
it's a little faster
1388
00:53:14,800 --> 00:53:15,800
so this lets you know that you can plug
1389
00:53:16,559 --> 00:53:17,559
these right in
1390
00:53:18,400 --> 00:53:19,400
so just to recap we've now just talked
1391
00:53:20,720 --> 00:53:21,720
about storage technology including peda
1392
00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:24,760
and sata so let's go back
1393
00:53:26,559 --> 00:53:27,559
we talked about our expansion buses the
1394
00:53:28,400 --> 00:53:29,400
antiquated version of isa which we're
1395
00:53:31,040 --> 00:53:32,040
not going to see much anymore but which
1396
00:53:32,880 --> 00:53:33,880
might pop up on the
1397
00:53:35,200 --> 00:53:36,200
a plus test
1398
00:53:36,960 --> 00:53:37,960
pci and some of the iterations of pci
1399
00:53:40,480 --> 00:53:41,480
including pci extended and pci express
1400
00:53:44,480 --> 00:53:45,480
mini pci which was made specifically for
1401
00:53:48,720 --> 00:53:49,720
laptops
1402
00:53:49,920 --> 00:53:50,920
agp which has the graphics the middle
1403
00:53:52,720 --> 00:53:53,720
initial of that
1404
00:53:54,480 --> 00:53:55,480
acronym
1405
00:53:55,839 --> 00:53:56,839
makes clear was specifically for
1406
00:53:57,599 --> 00:53:58,599
graphics cards amr and cnr which were
1407
00:54:00,720 --> 00:54:01,720
riser boards specifically for
1408
00:54:03,119 --> 00:54:04,119
modems
1409
00:54:04,160 --> 00:54:05,160
and audio and pcmcia
1410
00:54:07,280 --> 00:54:08,280
which was for pc cards and laptops we
1411
00:54:09,760 --> 00:54:10,760
also talked about storage technology
1412
00:54:12,160 --> 00:54:13,160
such as peda or parallel ata which was
1413
00:54:15,119 --> 00:54:16,119
also sometimes called ide and you might
1414
00:54:17,280 --> 00:54:18,280
see that and sata or serial ata
1415
00:54:22,079 --> 00:54:23,079
so now that we've talked about expansion
1416
00:54:24,079 --> 00:54:25,079
buses let's continue on
1417
00:54:27,520 --> 00:54:28,520
and take a look at some of the ports
1418
00:54:29,040 --> 00:54:30,040
that we're going to see on the computer
1419
00:54:30,559 --> 00:54:31,559
on the outside of it so we've just
1420
00:54:32,720 --> 00:54:33,720
talked about how to add internal ports
1421
00:54:34,640 --> 00:54:35,640
or internal storage so now let's look at
1422
00:54:36,960 --> 00:54:37,960
those external ones
1423
00:54:42,450 --> 00:54:43,450
[Music]
1424
00:55:02,720 --> 00:55:03,720
motherboards input output ports and
1425
00:55:05,440 --> 00:55:06,440
front panel connectors
1426
00:55:08,319 --> 00:55:09,319
we've discussed the internal expansion
1427
00:55:10,480 --> 00:55:11,480
buses such as these on this motherboard
1428
00:55:12,880 --> 00:55:13,880
that allow you to expand the
1429
00:55:16,240 --> 00:55:17,240
capabilities of a computer through the
1430
00:55:18,319 --> 00:55:19,319
motherboard by plugging in
1431
00:55:20,720 --> 00:55:21,720
new cards to allow for different
1432
00:55:22,880 --> 00:55:23,880
features and now i want to talk about
1433
00:55:25,040 --> 00:55:26,040
some of the input and output ports that
1434
00:55:27,119 --> 00:55:28,119
you're going to find on the back and the
1435
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:30,200
front of the computer here are some you
1436
00:55:31,599 --> 00:55:32,599
can see right here integrated right onto
1437
00:55:33,520 --> 00:55:34,520
the motherboard
1438
00:55:34,400 --> 00:55:35,400
we'll take a closer look at some front
1439
00:55:35,760 --> 00:55:36,760
views in just a second these are called
1440
00:55:38,000 --> 00:55:39,000
input output ports because they allow
1441
00:55:40,240 --> 00:55:41,240
data to go in and out of the computer
1442
00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:44,440
let's take a look at some of these
1443
00:55:44,960 --> 00:55:45,960
including older ones and newer ones
1444
00:55:49,839 --> 00:55:50,839
so some of the older ports we're going
1445
00:55:51,359 --> 00:55:52,359
to cover are ps2 ports
1446
00:55:54,400 --> 00:55:55,400
serial ports
1447
00:55:56,240 --> 00:55:57,240
parallel ports
1448
00:55:58,480 --> 00:55:59,480
rj11 and rj45 ports an audio eighth inch
1449
00:56:03,359 --> 00:56:04,359
cluster
1450
00:56:04,799 --> 00:56:05,799
and svga ports now one thing i want to
1451
00:56:07,520 --> 00:56:08,520
point out right now is we're going to
1452
00:56:09,280 --> 00:56:10,280
mention all these ports here and now but
1453
00:56:11,520 --> 00:56:12,520
we're also going to cover them again and
1454
00:56:13,119 --> 00:56:14,119
again when we come back to the specific
1455
00:56:15,200 --> 00:56:16,200
input output devices such as printers
1456
00:56:19,119 --> 00:56:20,119
network devices like these the sound
1457
00:56:21,920 --> 00:56:22,920
card which is this relates to and the
1458
00:56:23,839 --> 00:56:24,839
graphics card so i just want to be clear
1459
00:56:25,760 --> 00:56:26,760
we're going to
1460
00:56:27,040 --> 00:56:28,040
cover this again and again in these
1461
00:56:28,640 --> 00:56:29,640
videos to really nail it in
1462
00:56:32,079 --> 00:56:33,079
we're also going to talk about some of
1463
00:56:33,119 --> 00:56:34,119
the newer ports including usb one i'm
1464
00:56:35,520 --> 00:56:36,520
sure all of you are aware of
1465
00:56:37,440 --> 00:56:38,440
dvi
1466
00:56:38,799 --> 00:56:39,799
the hdmi connector which you might have
1467
00:56:40,960 --> 00:56:41,960
seen on your tv
1468
00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:43,480
the ieee 1394 also known as the firewire
1469
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:46,920
connector
1470
00:56:47,119 --> 00:56:48,119
an optical eye audio connector
1471
00:56:49,839 --> 00:56:50,839
e sata connector or external sata
1472
00:56:53,119 --> 00:56:54,119
a display port connector
1473
00:56:55,760 --> 00:56:56,760
and some sd or multimedia card inputs
1474
00:56:59,040 --> 00:57:00,040
that allow you to input a sd card from a
1475
00:57:01,440 --> 00:57:02,440
camera or camcorder right into the
1476
00:57:03,119 --> 00:57:04,119
computer
1477
00:57:04,240 --> 00:57:05,240
all right
1478
00:57:05,359 --> 00:57:06,359
so first let's look at some of the older
1479
00:57:06,880 --> 00:57:07,880
ports we have
1480
00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:09,720
first on the right over here we have two
1481
00:57:11,440 --> 00:57:12,440
different ports that look exactly the
1482
00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:13,960
same except for color
1483
00:57:14,880 --> 00:57:15,880
that's because these are
1484
00:57:17,280 --> 00:57:18,280
ps2 ports
1485
00:57:19,520 --> 00:57:20,520
and they are responsible specifically
1486
00:57:23,920 --> 00:57:24,920
for the keyboard
1487
00:57:27,920 --> 00:57:28,920
and the mouse and these used to be the
1488
00:57:29,920 --> 00:57:30,920
main ways that we would connect a
1489
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:32,280
keyboard or mouse into the system now
1490
00:57:33,760 --> 00:57:34,760
nowadays this is replaced by this port
1491
00:57:36,319 --> 00:57:37,319
right here which i'm sure all of you
1492
00:57:37,680 --> 00:57:38,680
have seen the usb port okay but this
1493
00:57:41,119 --> 00:57:42,119
used to be the main way that we would
1494
00:57:42,880 --> 00:57:43,880
connect a
1495
00:57:44,160 --> 00:57:45,160
keyboard or a mouse
1496
00:57:47,200 --> 00:57:48,200
the mouse was a green
1497
00:57:49,359 --> 00:57:50,359
and the keyboard was purple which is
1498
00:57:51,200 --> 00:57:52,200
just something good to remember so i'm
1499
00:57:52,880 --> 00:57:53,880
just going to point that right here
1500
00:57:54,960 --> 00:57:55,960
keyboard was the purple
1501
00:57:57,280 --> 00:57:58,280
and the green was the mouse
1502
00:58:00,319 --> 00:58:01,319
and the one downside to ps2 was that it
1503
00:58:03,839 --> 00:58:04,839
wasn't hot swappable meaning if you
1504
00:58:05,680 --> 00:58:06,680
somehow pulled your keyboard cord out
1505
00:58:08,319 --> 00:58:09,319
while you're using your computer you
1506
00:58:09,839 --> 00:58:10,839
actually had to restart the computer
1507
00:58:11,359 --> 00:58:12,359
with the cord plugged back in before it
1508
00:58:12,960 --> 00:58:13,960
would work again unlike usb where you
1509
00:58:14,880 --> 00:58:15,880
can just plug it right back in
1510
00:58:17,760 --> 00:58:18,760
up here we have a connector
1511
00:58:21,119 --> 00:58:22,119
that some of you might be familiar with
1512
00:58:22,880 --> 00:58:23,880
it's called an rj45 connector and the
1513
00:58:25,760 --> 00:58:26,760
rj45 connector is specifically for
1514
00:58:28,000 --> 00:58:29,000
ethernet networks uh usually connecting
1515
00:58:30,960 --> 00:58:31,960
to what's called a cat category five or
1516
00:58:32,720 --> 00:58:33,720
category six cable and we will talk more
1517
00:58:34,559 --> 00:58:35,559
about that when we get into networking
1518
00:58:36,400 --> 00:58:37,400
it looks very similar to your old phone
1519
00:58:39,359 --> 00:58:40,359
cord as well and that's because it
1520
00:58:41,280 --> 00:58:42,280
actually uses a very similar connector
1521
00:58:42,880 --> 00:58:43,880
the phone cord is the rj11
1522
00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:47,160
port
1523
00:58:47,200 --> 00:58:48,200
and the phone cord was also used for
1524
00:58:48,880 --> 00:58:49,880
modems
1525
00:58:52,559 --> 00:58:53,559
so i point this out although we only
1526
00:58:54,000 --> 00:58:55,000
have one of them here right they both
1527
00:58:55,839 --> 00:58:56,839
look very similar the difference is rj11
1528
00:58:58,160 --> 00:58:59,160
is just a little skinnier and you would
1529
00:59:00,000 --> 00:59:01,000
probably see it
1530
00:59:01,440 --> 00:59:02,440
you'd recognize it if you saw it you
1531
00:59:02,880 --> 00:59:03,880
recognize the difference of course we
1532
00:59:04,960 --> 00:59:05,960
usually don't see these rj11 ports built
1533
00:59:07,760 --> 00:59:08,760
onto a motherboard anymore just because
1534
00:59:10,319 --> 00:59:11,319
most people have broadband internet
1535
00:59:14,640 --> 00:59:15,640
here we have a port that many of you
1536
00:59:16,160 --> 00:59:17,160
probably haven't seen and it's actually
1537
00:59:17,839 --> 00:59:18,839
connected to this port right here
1538
00:59:19,359 --> 00:59:20,359
they're they're similar these are
1539
00:59:21,839 --> 00:59:22,839
serial ports and like their name implies
1540
00:59:24,640 --> 00:59:25,640
they
1541
00:59:25,839 --> 00:59:26,839
send data
1542
00:59:27,119 --> 00:59:28,119
serially over the cords now we have two
1543
00:59:29,760 --> 00:59:30,760
different types one is a nine pin serial
1544
00:59:32,400 --> 00:59:33,400
and the other is a 15 pin serial and
1545
00:59:34,720 --> 00:59:35,720
they had different purposes
1546
00:59:37,119 --> 00:59:38,119
mostly serial ports were used for
1547
00:59:39,839 --> 00:59:40,839
connecting external devices such as
1548
00:59:42,640 --> 00:59:43,640
external modems back in the day which we
1549
00:59:44,720 --> 00:59:45,720
don't really do anymore on the a plus
1550
00:59:47,119 --> 00:59:48,119
exam you might see them as gaming ports
1551
00:59:51,760 --> 00:59:52,760
so it's good to recognize them as that
1552
00:59:54,000 --> 00:59:55,000
uh in other words that's what you would
1553
00:59:55,520 --> 00:59:56,520
plug up a joystick to so if you see
1554
00:59:57,440 --> 00:59:58,440
someone talking about an old gaming port
1555
00:59:59,359 --> 01:00:00,359
on the a plus exam this is what they're
1556
01:00:01,359 --> 01:00:02,359
referring to i want to point out two
1557
01:00:03,280 --> 01:00:04,280
things about these ports
1558
01:00:05,200 --> 01:00:06,200
one is
1559
01:00:06,319 --> 01:00:07,319
the shape so the shape you see and you
1560
01:00:08,400 --> 01:00:09,400
see it over and over again on a lot of
1561
01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:11,000
these ports it's called a d-shaped
1562
01:00:11,520 --> 01:00:12,520
connector or a db connector all right so
1563
01:00:14,079 --> 01:00:15,079
this would actually be a db9
1564
01:00:16,319 --> 01:00:17,319
and this one right here
1565
01:00:18,160 --> 01:00:19,160
would be a db15
1566
01:00:21,040 --> 01:00:22,040
you also notice that some of these this
1567
01:00:23,119 --> 01:00:24,119
one has pins sticking out and this one
1568
01:00:25,119 --> 01:00:26,119
has sort of holes that's because this is
1569
01:00:27,359 --> 01:00:28,359
called a male connector
1570
01:00:30,400 --> 01:00:31,400
and this one right here is a
1571
01:00:32,640 --> 01:00:33,640
female connector for reasons i'm sure
1572
01:00:35,119 --> 01:00:36,119
that you can figure out without me
1573
01:00:36,559 --> 01:00:37,559
having to explain it to you
1574
01:00:38,480 --> 01:00:39,480
the only other benefit to serial ports
1575
01:00:40,240 --> 01:00:41,240
is sometimes you need them if you're
1576
01:00:41,680 --> 01:00:42,680
going to connect to higher end
1577
01:00:44,000 --> 01:00:45,000
uh
1578
01:00:45,280 --> 01:00:46,280
network devices such as routers um
1579
01:00:48,319 --> 01:00:49,319
but unless you're doing uh cisco routing
1580
01:00:50,319 --> 01:00:51,319
and stuff you probably don't need these
1581
01:00:52,160 --> 01:00:53,160
uh cords and sometimes now you don't
1582
01:00:54,079 --> 01:00:55,079
even need uh the serial ports anymore
1583
01:00:56,880 --> 01:00:57,880
depending on how new the router is
1584
01:01:00,240 --> 01:01:01,240
above these right here you have another
1585
01:01:02,000 --> 01:01:03,000
port this is a db25
1586
01:01:04,640 --> 01:01:05,640
if you count those pins there are 25 of
1587
01:01:06,480 --> 01:01:07,480
them they're in two rows
1588
01:01:08,559 --> 01:01:09,559
and this is actually a parallel port
1589
01:01:12,160 --> 01:01:13,160
it's parallel unlike the serial port
1590
01:01:13,920 --> 01:01:14,920
because data is sent in parallel and
1591
01:01:16,079 --> 01:01:17,079
this was usually used for printers
1592
01:01:19,119 --> 01:01:20,119
you
1593
01:01:20,240 --> 01:01:21,240
you might see this
1594
01:01:21,760 --> 01:01:22,760
on the exam or on your computer called
1595
01:01:24,960 --> 01:01:25,960
an lpt port as well
1596
01:01:28,400 --> 01:01:29,400
so if you see lpt that's usually
1597
01:01:30,240 --> 01:01:31,240
parallel port all right and these were
1598
01:01:32,559 --> 01:01:33,559
again used mostly for printers although
1599
01:01:34,559 --> 01:01:35,559
there were other uses for them the main
1600
01:01:36,880 --> 01:01:37,880
one was printer ports
1601
01:01:38,720 --> 01:01:39,720
and again this was mostly
1602
01:01:40,799 --> 01:01:41,799
like with most of these ports replaced
1603
01:01:42,319 --> 01:01:43,319
by these usb ports
1604
01:01:44,640 --> 01:01:45,640
over here we have an svga port
1605
01:01:48,640 --> 01:01:49,640
and this is our main graphics port now
1606
01:01:50,880 --> 01:01:51,880
we'll talk more about this and what it
1607
01:01:52,799 --> 01:01:53,799
means and the difference between this
1608
01:01:54,079 --> 01:01:55,079
and the newer ones later when we talk
1609
01:01:55,359 --> 01:01:56,359
about displays but what i want you to
1610
01:01:57,119 --> 01:01:58,119
see here is that it is a 15 pin
1611
01:02:00,559 --> 01:02:01,559
db connector which is that d and it also
1612
01:02:04,000 --> 01:02:05,000
has three rows which is how you
1613
01:02:06,160 --> 01:02:07,160
recognize the difference between this
1614
01:02:08,319 --> 01:02:09,319
and say this 15 pin are right here so on
1615
01:02:11,119 --> 01:02:12,119
the test if they mention something about
1616
01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:13,720
a two row 15 pin as opposed to a three
1617
01:02:14,960 --> 01:02:15,960
row the difference is a three row is
1618
01:02:16,720 --> 01:02:17,720
that svga and again the main use for
1619
01:02:19,680 --> 01:02:20,680
this is graphics
1620
01:02:25,359 --> 01:02:26,359
finally over here to the right you have
1621
01:02:26,720 --> 01:02:27,720
three ports that probably look familiar
1622
01:02:28,240 --> 01:02:29,240
to you if you've ever used any sort of
1623
01:02:29,920 --> 01:02:30,920
audio device such as an iphone or i
1624
01:02:32,839 --> 01:02:33,839
um or an ipod or something and uh there
1625
01:02:36,480 --> 01:02:37,480
are three of them
1626
01:02:38,079 --> 01:02:39,079
because one of these would have been a
1627
01:02:40,000 --> 01:02:41,000
microphone port one of these would have
1628
01:02:42,160 --> 01:02:43,160
been for speakers
1629
01:02:44,079 --> 01:02:45,079
and one of these also would have been
1630
01:02:45,599 --> 01:02:46,599
for what's called line in which would
1631
01:02:47,680 --> 01:02:48,680
have been
1632
01:02:49,119 --> 01:02:50,119
sending in audio from an external source
1633
01:02:51,280 --> 01:02:52,280
such as a
1634
01:02:52,640 --> 01:02:53,640
a piano keyboard or something
1635
01:02:54,960 --> 01:02:55,960
these are actually also called 1 8 inch
1636
01:02:57,599 --> 01:02:58,599
connectors one inch in jack connectors
1637
01:03:00,640 --> 01:03:01,640
and that's just going to the
1638
01:03:02,880 --> 01:03:03,880
size of the connector that goes in there
1639
01:03:05,839 --> 01:03:06,839
you might remember on older audio
1640
01:03:07,359 --> 01:03:08,359
devices if you have an old pair of
1641
01:03:08,960 --> 01:03:09,960
earphones like i do
1642
01:03:10,799 --> 01:03:11,799
they were a little thicker it looked
1643
01:03:12,079 --> 01:03:13,079
exactly the same but was a little
1644
01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:14,200
thicker and that was called a quarter
1645
01:03:14,720 --> 01:03:15,720
inch so sometimes you had to go out and
1646
01:03:16,400 --> 01:03:17,400
get the little connector in order to
1647
01:03:17,760 --> 01:03:18,760
make these work together right but this
1648
01:03:19,520 --> 01:03:20,520
is the same audio connector that you'll
1649
01:03:21,119 --> 01:03:22,119
see on your ipod or iphone
1650
01:03:26,240 --> 01:03:27,240
all right so we've talked about older
1651
01:03:28,160 --> 01:03:29,160
ports including ps2 for the keyboard and
1652
01:03:30,960 --> 01:03:31,960
the mouse a serial port which you're
1653
01:03:33,039 --> 01:03:34,039
probably mostly going to recognize for
1654
01:03:34,720 --> 01:03:35,720
its gaming features joystick
1655
01:03:37,760 --> 01:03:38,760
parallel port which was used mostly for
1656
01:03:40,160 --> 01:03:41,160
printers
1657
01:03:41,520 --> 01:03:42,520
rj11 which was phone and modem and rj45
1658
01:03:45,119 --> 01:03:46,119
which was ethernet you also had our
1659
01:03:47,440 --> 01:03:48,440
audio cluster which was composed of
1660
01:03:49,440 --> 01:03:50,440
three eighth inch jacks
1661
01:03:51,760 --> 01:03:52,760
and finally our svga which was for video
1662
01:03:54,480 --> 01:03:55,480
and graphics
1663
01:03:57,039 --> 01:03:58,039
so now let's look at some of the newer
1664
01:03:58,240 --> 01:03:59,240
ports first of all i want to point out
1665
01:04:00,240 --> 01:04:01,240
here
1666
01:04:01,359 --> 01:04:02,359
we have a ps2 port
1667
01:04:03,680 --> 01:04:04,680
so that's the first thing to notice you
1668
01:04:04,960 --> 01:04:05,960
have this great ps2 port that you um
1669
01:04:09,599 --> 01:04:10,599
if you had an old for some reason mouse
1670
01:04:11,920 --> 01:04:12,920
or keyboard you wanted to plug up that
1671
01:04:13,359 --> 01:04:14,359
didn't work with your usbs which are
1672
01:04:15,440 --> 01:04:16,440
right here
1673
01:04:17,520 --> 01:04:18,520
and you could do that now usb comes in
1674
01:04:19,680 --> 01:04:20,680
several different flavors and we're
1675
01:04:20,799 --> 01:04:21,799
going to talk about them more in depth
1676
01:04:22,160 --> 01:04:23,160
so i'm not going to go into them too
1677
01:04:23,599 --> 01:04:24,599
detailed right now but you have
1678
01:04:24,799 --> 01:04:25,799
basically 1 2 and 3.0 the 3.0 is right
1679
01:04:28,559 --> 01:04:29,559
over here because it's blue that's
1680
01:04:30,960 --> 01:04:31,960
differentiating it from the others uh
1681
01:04:33,839 --> 01:04:34,839
these are just your plano 2.0 this the
1682
01:04:36,319 --> 01:04:37,319
main difference is speed which is why
1683
01:04:38,000 --> 01:04:39,000
you want to know the difference there
1684
01:04:39,520 --> 01:04:40,520
but the important thing to recognize
1685
01:04:40,799 --> 01:04:41,799
with these usbs is that they're fairly
1686
01:04:43,359 --> 01:04:44,359
ubiquitous they're in just about every
1687
01:04:44,799 --> 01:04:45,799
device some devices only have a usb and
1688
01:04:47,359 --> 01:04:48,359
they're keyed so you can only enter uh
1689
01:04:49,359 --> 01:04:50,359
the cord one way here's a little solid
1690
01:04:51,280 --> 01:04:52,280
area and then here's a hollow area okay
1691
01:04:54,319 --> 01:04:55,319
and you see that over here perhaps a
1692
01:04:55,599 --> 01:04:56,599
little better with this red here's a
1693
01:04:57,920 --> 01:04:58,920
solid and then here's the empty area
1694
01:05:02,319 --> 01:05:03,319
to the right of this we have three
1695
01:05:04,640 --> 01:05:05,640
graphics related ports
1696
01:05:07,200 --> 01:05:08,200
the first i want to talk about is this
1697
01:05:08,559 --> 01:05:09,559
one right here this is called a dvi port
1698
01:05:12,000 --> 01:05:13,000
and generally speaking you're going to
1699
01:05:13,520 --> 01:05:14,520
see it in white
1700
01:05:15,200 --> 01:05:16,200
that's because it wants to differentiate
1701
01:05:17,440 --> 01:05:18,440
itself
1702
01:05:18,400 --> 01:05:19,400
from the vga port we saw before which is
1703
01:05:21,680 --> 01:05:22,680
generally blue
1704
01:05:23,599 --> 01:05:24,599
so we've tried to replace the vga with
1705
01:05:25,839 --> 01:05:26,839
this dvi and the d stands for digital so
1706
01:05:28,640 --> 01:05:29,640
the idea is you're having digital video
1707
01:05:30,480 --> 01:05:31,480
here and this is the main way that
1708
01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:33,000
you're going to plug up monitors to a
1709
01:05:33,920 --> 01:05:34,920
computer
1710
01:05:35,680 --> 01:05:36,680
next to that we have a couple other uh
1711
01:05:38,799 --> 01:05:39,799
video ports this one right here is an
1712
01:05:41,520 --> 01:05:42,520
hdmi port and you might recognize an
1713
01:05:44,319 --> 01:05:45,319
hdmi port from your own dvd player or
1714
01:05:47,520 --> 01:05:48,520
your lcd con
1715
01:05:48,960 --> 01:05:49,960
your lcd or plasma screen tv and this is
1716
01:05:51,839 --> 01:05:52,839
another hd or digital format that allows
1717
01:05:55,039 --> 01:05:56,039
you to output video but in this case
1718
01:05:57,119 --> 01:05:58,119
specifically it's for outputting video
1719
01:05:59,760 --> 01:06:00,760
to a tv
1720
01:06:01,119 --> 01:06:02,119
or
1721
01:06:02,480 --> 01:06:03,480
some sort of other video output device
1722
01:06:04,720 --> 01:06:05,720
so whereas dvi we're really going to see
1723
01:06:06,640 --> 01:06:07,640
more with monitors hdmi you're going to
1724
01:06:08,880 --> 01:06:09,880
really use for tv out and that's when
1725
01:06:10,960 --> 01:06:11,960
you're going to want to recognize that
1726
01:06:12,079 --> 01:06:13,079
one
1727
01:06:13,119 --> 01:06:14,119
finally up here you have this display
1728
01:06:15,520 --> 01:06:16,520
port
1729
01:06:16,319 --> 01:06:17,319
this is not as common uh
1730
01:06:19,920 --> 01:06:20,920
an output device as we see with these
1731
01:06:22,319 --> 01:06:23,319
other two hdmi and dpi but it's another
1732
01:06:25,039 --> 01:06:26,039
way of connecting a monitor uh to your
1733
01:06:28,079 --> 01:06:29,079
visual
1734
01:06:29,520 --> 01:06:30,520
to your graphics adapter so it's just
1735
01:06:31,680 --> 01:06:32,680
another port sort of trying to
1736
01:06:34,079 --> 01:06:35,079
compete with this dvi
1737
01:06:36,160 --> 01:06:37,160
the only difference is that
1738
01:06:38,720 --> 01:06:39,720
different companies use different
1739
01:06:40,640 --> 01:06:41,640
types there are certain different uh
1740
01:06:43,440 --> 01:06:44,440
visual specifics that we're not going to
1741
01:06:45,599 --> 01:06:46,599
get into it doesn't really cover in this
1742
01:06:46,960 --> 01:06:47,960
a plus exam but again we'll talk more
1743
01:06:48,640 --> 01:06:49,640
about these in specific when we get down
1744
01:06:51,200 --> 01:06:52,200
to
1745
01:06:52,160 --> 01:06:53,160
the visual and graphics
1746
01:06:56,799 --> 01:06:57,799
below these usb ports you have this cool
1747
01:06:59,280 --> 01:07:00,280
little red port right here and you
1748
01:07:00,640 --> 01:07:01,640
remember in the last topic we talked
1749
01:07:02,400 --> 01:07:03,400
about sata right serial ata which was
1750
01:07:05,920 --> 01:07:06,920
sort of how we plugged internal storage
1751
01:07:08,319 --> 01:07:09,319
devices up
1752
01:07:09,599 --> 01:07:10,599
this is actually e-sata which is
1753
01:07:11,280 --> 01:07:12,280
external sata which allows you to plug
1754
01:07:13,599 --> 01:07:14,599
up an external hardware device using the
1755
01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:16,920
same exact bus so just like
1756
01:07:19,200 --> 01:07:20,200
sata allows for a little faster speed
1757
01:07:21,039 --> 01:07:22,039
than peda this was another way of
1758
01:07:22,640 --> 01:07:23,640
hooking up a hard drive uh external hard
1759
01:07:25,440 --> 01:07:26,440
drive now you can also hook it up by usb
1760
01:07:28,400 --> 01:07:29,400
but some people would prefer an esata
1761
01:07:30,319 --> 01:07:31,319
because of certain speed specifications
1762
01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:33,000
and also because certain hard drives
1763
01:07:33,599 --> 01:07:34,599
don't have usb built on
1764
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:37,000
above that over here you see another
1765
01:07:37,920 --> 01:07:38,920
rj45
1766
01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:40,520
and the one of the reasons i know this
1767
01:07:41,039 --> 01:07:42,039
is a much newer
1768
01:07:43,039 --> 01:07:44,039
motherboard aside from everything else
1769
01:07:44,559 --> 01:07:45,559
that's on it is that you also see these
1770
01:07:46,799 --> 01:07:47,799
antennas right here which if you didn't
1771
01:07:49,440 --> 01:07:50,440
realize were there because of a wi-fi
1772
01:07:52,000 --> 01:07:53,000
connection so this motherboard has a
1773
01:07:54,160 --> 01:07:55,160
wi-fi connection a wireless network
1774
01:07:56,160 --> 01:07:57,160
connection built onto it so that you
1775
01:07:58,079 --> 01:07:59,079
don't have to use this plug anymore so
1776
01:07:59,839 --> 01:08:00,839
pretty soon we're going to see this one
1777
01:08:01,280 --> 01:08:02,280
go away as well
1778
01:08:04,240 --> 01:08:05,240
we also have our audio cluster over here
1779
01:08:06,559 --> 01:08:07,559
and you'll notice that there are two
1780
01:08:08,839 --> 01:08:09,839
extra
1781
01:08:10,400 --> 01:08:11,400
eighth inch jacks that's because they've
1782
01:08:12,240 --> 01:08:13,240
usually gotten rid of the
1783
01:08:16,000 --> 01:08:17,000
line in jack and just left the
1784
01:08:17,839 --> 01:08:18,839
microphone jack from now on uh because
1785
01:08:20,159 --> 01:08:21,159
most in if you're gonna input audio
1786
01:08:22,080 --> 01:08:23,080
anyway there's a couple different ways
1787
01:08:23,199 --> 01:08:24,199
to do it we'll talk about that in a
1788
01:08:24,239 --> 01:08:25,239
second
1789
01:08:25,199 --> 01:08:26,199
including this usb but the other reason
1790
01:08:28,319 --> 01:08:29,319
is that now you have
1791
01:08:30,159 --> 01:08:31,159
people who want a lot better sound
1792
01:08:31,679 --> 01:08:32,679
coming out of their computer and so this
1793
01:08:32,960 --> 01:08:33,960
is going to allow for say a rear speaker
1794
01:08:34,640 --> 01:08:35,640
a front speaker
1795
01:08:35,920 --> 01:08:36,920
maybe even a subwoofer etc so that's why
1796
01:08:38,080 --> 01:08:39,080
there are so many more
1797
01:08:39,679 --> 01:08:40,679
below it right here you have an optical
1798
01:08:42,000 --> 01:08:43,000
audio port now this allows you to have
1799
01:08:44,239 --> 01:08:45,239
digital audio out so whereas these are
1800
01:08:46,880 --> 01:08:47,880
analog audio using the same exact
1801
01:08:48,799 --> 01:08:49,799
connector we've been using for years and
1802
01:08:50,000 --> 01:08:51,000
years and years this optical audio is
1803
01:08:52,799 --> 01:08:53,799
actually associated sort of with this um
1804
01:08:54,880 --> 01:08:55,880
hdmi
1805
01:08:56,239 --> 01:08:57,239
because it allows you to have to output
1806
01:08:59,679 --> 01:09:00,679
uh digital audio as soon as the hdmi
1807
01:09:02,080 --> 01:09:03,080
doesn't output the audio and the video
1808
01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:05,000
together so you're going to want to use
1809
01:09:05,040 --> 01:09:06,040
your optical
1810
01:09:06,400 --> 01:09:07,400
audio in order to do that
1811
01:09:09,279 --> 01:09:10,279
if we look at the front of a computer we
1812
01:09:10,799 --> 01:09:11,799
see a couple things first of all here's
1813
01:09:12,560 --> 01:09:13,560
that usb
1814
01:09:14,319 --> 01:09:15,319
this symbol right here
1815
01:09:16,400 --> 01:09:17,400
that's the usb symbol and you see
1816
01:09:18,080 --> 01:09:19,080
several usb ports here and they're each
1817
01:09:20,560 --> 01:09:21,560
marked
1818
01:09:21,440 --> 01:09:22,440
because usb is so commonplace you can
1819
01:09:24,080 --> 01:09:25,080
see your eighth inch jacks right here
1820
01:09:25,759 --> 01:09:26,759
for audio
1821
01:09:27,359 --> 01:09:28,359
and then we see a couple of two other
1822
01:09:28,880 --> 01:09:29,880
ones we haven't seen before or three
1823
01:09:30,560 --> 01:09:31,560
rather first is this 1394 this is
1824
01:09:35,199 --> 01:09:36,199
firewire now 1394 is the code
1825
01:09:38,159 --> 01:09:39,159
specification by ieee uh which is the
1826
01:09:42,159 --> 01:09:43,159
uh
1827
01:09:44,239 --> 01:09:45,239
vendor neutral forum that sort of
1828
01:09:46,159 --> 01:09:47,159
specifies certain standards when it
1829
01:09:47,839 --> 01:09:48,839
comes to electronics um and 1394 is that
1830
01:09:51,520 --> 01:09:52,520
number
1831
01:09:52,719 --> 01:09:53,719
this was originally an apple
1832
01:09:54,880 --> 01:09:55,880
connector it got a sort of big because
1833
01:09:57,280 --> 01:09:58,280
it was faster at the time than usb was
1834
01:09:59,120 --> 01:10:00,120
capable of nowadays it's mostly used for
1835
01:10:01,840 --> 01:10:02,840
cameras and camcorders so that's what
1836
01:10:03,679 --> 01:10:04,679
you really want to remember it for uh
1837
01:10:05,520 --> 01:10:06,520
because by plugging up a 1394 connector
1838
01:10:08,000 --> 01:10:09,000
if you're a video editor you can
1839
01:10:10,400 --> 01:10:11,400
pause and play and stop the video camera
1840
01:10:13,679 --> 01:10:14,679
use from the computer without having to
1841
01:10:15,679 --> 01:10:16,679
go over the camera so it allows you to
1842
01:10:17,199 --> 01:10:18,199
have those controls um there's also two
1843
01:10:20,080 --> 01:10:21,080
different versions there's a a 400
1844
01:10:23,040 --> 01:10:24,040
and an 800 version
1845
01:10:25,199 --> 01:10:26,199
which is the difference between a and b
1846
01:10:28,000 --> 01:10:29,000
you can't tell by looking at it which it
1847
01:10:29,600 --> 01:10:30,600
is 800 is faster obviously
1848
01:10:32,880 --> 01:10:33,880
but a lot of people again aren't using
1849
01:10:34,640 --> 01:10:35,640
this as much because usb has gotten
1850
01:10:37,040 --> 01:10:38,040
pretty fast uh again the only reason
1851
01:10:39,520 --> 01:10:40,520
you're really going to be using firewire
1852
01:10:41,040 --> 01:10:42,040
nowadays is if you are a video editor
1853
01:10:44,080 --> 01:10:45,080
finally to the right you also see over
1854
01:10:46,000 --> 01:10:47,000
here these sort of longish boxes and
1855
01:10:48,560 --> 01:10:49,560
what this allows you to do is plug in sd
1856
01:10:50,560 --> 01:10:51,560
cards or other um
1857
01:10:52,719 --> 01:10:53,719
or other multimedia cards up
1858
01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:56,280
into this computer directly straight
1859
01:10:56,880 --> 01:10:57,880
from your camera so you can take card
1860
01:10:58,400 --> 01:10:59,400
from your camera plug it in and these
1861
01:11:00,239 --> 01:11:01,239
are just two different uh versions two
1862
01:11:02,960 --> 01:11:03,960
different types of multimedia cards you
1863
01:11:04,719 --> 01:11:05,719
don't really need to know the difference
1864
01:11:06,800 --> 01:11:07,800
between them but just you probably want
1865
01:11:08,960 --> 01:11:09,960
to recognize an sd card and we will talk
1866
01:11:10,800 --> 01:11:11,800
more about that when we get to storage
1867
01:11:12,400 --> 01:11:13,400
but the important thing is that these
1868
01:11:13,600 --> 01:11:14,600
are now built onto the system built into
1869
01:11:15,920 --> 01:11:16,920
the computer so you can read directly
1870
01:11:18,560 --> 01:11:19,560
from these uh these they've gotten so so
1871
01:11:21,120 --> 01:11:22,120
many people use them nowadays and use
1872
01:11:22,640 --> 01:11:23,640
digital cameras
1873
01:11:26,239 --> 01:11:27,239
we can also see here
1874
01:11:27,840 --> 01:11:28,840
another chassis the front here we have a
1875
01:11:30,000 --> 01:11:31,000
usb port uh you'll also notice in the
1876
01:11:32,320 --> 01:11:33,320
front of every computer right there are
1877
01:11:34,159 --> 01:11:35,159
power switches and if you notice right
1878
01:11:36,400 --> 01:11:37,400
back here and let me clear this right
1879
01:11:38,320 --> 01:11:39,320
back here you'll see some cords and
1880
01:11:40,480 --> 01:11:41,480
those cords actually associate with
1881
01:11:42,560 --> 01:11:43,560
these two switches and would plug into
1882
01:11:44,239 --> 01:11:45,239
the motherboard so when you flip the
1883
01:11:45,920 --> 01:11:46,920
switch it turns on the system
1884
01:11:48,400 --> 01:11:49,400
this little symbol right here designates
1885
01:11:50,320 --> 01:11:51,320
power and this one with this arrow sort
1886
01:11:52,320 --> 01:11:53,320
of in a circle that's designating a
1887
01:11:54,560 --> 01:11:55,560
reset a soft reset
1888
01:11:56,719 --> 01:11:57,719
you also have several lights
1889
01:11:58,880 --> 01:11:59,880
that are on the chassis right and these
1890
01:12:01,679 --> 01:12:02,679
tell you whether there's power to the
1891
01:12:03,280 --> 01:12:04,280
system like this one and then whether
1892
01:12:05,280 --> 01:12:06,280
there's drive activity
1893
01:12:07,440 --> 01:12:08,440
whether the computer is rebooting
1894
01:12:08,640 --> 01:12:09,640
whether it's thinking if the hard drive
1895
01:12:10,159 --> 01:12:11,159
is thinking so these can tell you
1896
01:12:11,440 --> 01:12:12,440
several different things depending on
1897
01:12:12,880 --> 01:12:13,880
the chassis but it's important to know
1898
01:12:14,719 --> 01:12:15,719
that there are these lights on the front
1899
01:12:16,239 --> 01:12:17,239
of the system on the front of the
1900
01:12:17,600 --> 01:12:18,600
chassis because those will come up
1901
01:12:22,320 --> 01:12:23,320
so now that we've talked about these
1902
01:12:24,000 --> 01:12:25,000
newer ports including usb
1903
01:12:26,400 --> 01:12:27,400
dvi
1904
01:12:28,000 --> 01:12:29,000
hdmi connector which is that uh for
1905
01:12:30,640 --> 01:12:31,640
connecting your computer up
1906
01:12:32,719 --> 01:12:33,719
to a mon external tv say firewire for
1907
01:12:36,400 --> 01:12:37,400
cameras optical audio esater external
1908
01:12:40,080 --> 01:12:41,080
sata display port which is another way
1909
01:12:42,640 --> 01:12:43,640
of displaying onto a
1910
01:12:45,040 --> 01:12:46,040
monitor and sd or multimedia cords so
1911
01:12:48,239 --> 01:12:49,239
just to go back over all of these we
1912
01:12:49,679 --> 01:12:50,679
talked about all these older ports
1913
01:12:51,280 --> 01:12:52,280
including ps2 right which is for the
1914
01:12:54,000 --> 01:12:55,000
keyboard
1915
01:12:57,120 --> 01:12:58,120
and the mouse
1916
01:13:00,000 --> 01:13:01,000
we talked about the serial ports which
1917
01:13:01,679 --> 01:13:02,679
is mostly joystick and gaming
1918
01:13:04,640 --> 01:13:05,640
and older systems
1919
01:13:06,400 --> 01:13:07,400
parallel port
1920
01:13:08,960 --> 01:13:09,960
which is for printers
1921
01:13:11,679 --> 01:13:12,679
rj11 which was for modems
1922
01:13:15,640 --> 01:13:16,640
rj45 which is for your ethernet or
1923
01:13:18,320 --> 01:13:19,320
network
1924
01:13:20,159 --> 01:13:21,159
our audio eighth inch jacks
1925
01:13:22,880 --> 01:13:23,880
and svga which was for graphics
1926
01:13:27,280 --> 01:13:28,280
now a lot of these have been replaced by
1927
01:13:29,360 --> 01:13:30,360
usb which is very ubiquitous comes in
1928
01:13:31,920 --> 01:13:32,920
three different flavors
1929
01:13:33,679 --> 01:13:34,679
dbi mostly replaced s
1930
01:13:36,480 --> 01:13:37,480
v s v g a and the d by the way stands
1931
01:13:39,440 --> 01:13:40,440
for digital we'll talk more about that
1932
01:13:41,440 --> 01:13:42,440
when we get into displays we have an
1933
01:13:44,239 --> 01:13:45,239
hdmi connector also a digital connector
1934
01:13:47,199 --> 01:13:48,199
specifically though instead of just for
1935
01:13:48,640 --> 01:13:49,640
monitors generally for tv output
1936
01:13:51,840 --> 01:13:52,840
the ieee 1394 a or b depending on the
1937
01:13:55,600 --> 01:13:56,600
speed and that's firewire which is
1938
01:13:58,560 --> 01:13:59,560
usually for cameras because it controls
1939
01:14:01,199 --> 01:14:02,199
them
1940
01:14:02,080 --> 01:14:03,080
your optical audio which is a step up
1941
01:14:04,560 --> 01:14:05,560
from these eighth inch still not too
1942
01:14:06,400 --> 01:14:07,400
widely used because most people don't
1943
01:14:08,000 --> 01:14:09,000
need that level of audio quality
1944
01:14:10,960 --> 01:14:11,960
esata which is for connecting external
1945
01:14:14,080 --> 01:14:15,080
uh hard drives
1946
01:14:16,640 --> 01:14:17,640
a display port which is a sort of a
1947
01:14:18,719 --> 01:14:19,719
competitor to dvi just a different
1948
01:14:20,640 --> 01:14:21,640
version not really a competitor more
1949
01:14:22,640 --> 01:14:23,640
just a different way of displaying
1950
01:14:24,000 --> 01:14:25,000
another port and then uh sd and
1951
01:14:26,880 --> 01:14:27,880
multimedia
1952
01:14:28,080 --> 01:14:29,080
card ports to allow you to plug up
1953
01:14:30,719 --> 01:14:31,719
directly your sd and multimedia cards
1954
01:14:33,440 --> 01:14:34,440
so now that we've discussed all of these
1955
01:14:35,280 --> 01:14:36,280
different ports on the outside and on
1956
01:14:37,600 --> 01:14:38,600
the expansion buses on the inside i want
1957
01:14:39,840 --> 01:14:40,840
to talk specifically about motherboard
1958
01:14:42,000 --> 01:14:43,000
form factors
1959
01:14:44,000 --> 01:14:45,000
and the power which is how
1960
01:14:46,800 --> 01:14:47,800
big they are how large they are which is
1961
01:14:48,719 --> 01:14:49,719
determined by the sort of devices
1962
01:14:50,640 --> 01:14:51,640
they're using
1963
01:14:54,920 --> 01:14:55,920
[Music]
1964
01:15:10,960 --> 01:15:11,960
welcome to module 2 lesson 3b adapters
1965
01:15:13,679 --> 01:15:14,679
and converters
1966
01:15:16,640 --> 01:15:17,640
where would we be without adapters and
1967
01:15:18,640 --> 01:15:19,640
converters obviously the whole idea is
1968
01:15:21,679 --> 01:15:22,679
to change one their form factor
1969
01:15:25,120 --> 01:15:26,120
to another
1970
01:15:26,880 --> 01:15:27,880
um several years ago obviously if you
1971
01:15:28,880 --> 01:15:29,880
were traveling internationally and you
1972
01:15:31,040 --> 01:15:32,040
took some sort of power device with you
1973
01:15:33,199 --> 01:15:34,199
you would need to buy some sort of
1974
01:15:34,960 --> 01:15:35,960
adapter to convert
1975
01:15:37,199 --> 01:15:38,199
the
1976
01:15:37,920 --> 01:15:38,920
physical presentation but also ensure
1977
01:15:40,640 --> 01:15:41,640
the power
1978
01:15:42,080 --> 01:15:43,080
was correct
1979
01:15:43,600 --> 01:15:44,600
now we've got a whole bunch of different
1980
01:15:45,920 --> 01:15:46,920
electronic devices that require
1981
01:15:48,719 --> 01:15:49,719
different video inputs audio inputs we
1982
01:15:51,360 --> 01:15:52,360
can connect laptops to
1983
01:15:53,360 --> 01:15:54,360
projectors and tvs
1984
01:15:55,840 --> 01:15:56,840
and this presents a lot of problems with
1985
01:15:58,880 --> 01:15:59,880
interoperability and compatibility
1986
01:16:01,280 --> 01:16:02,280
between different pin outs for power and
1987
01:16:03,600 --> 01:16:04,600
signals and stuff
1988
01:16:05,520 --> 01:16:06,520
so um the syllabus asks us to just be
1989
01:16:08,560 --> 01:16:09,560
aware of a few different types
1990
01:16:11,600 --> 01:16:12,600
of the dvi to hdmi usb types usb to
1991
01:16:15,360 --> 01:16:16,360
ethernet
1992
01:16:17,199 --> 01:16:18,199
dvi to vga
1993
01:16:21,520 --> 01:16:22,520
to dvi
1994
01:16:23,040 --> 01:16:24,040
ps2
1995
01:16:24,719 --> 01:16:25,719
and hdma to vga
1996
01:16:28,880 --> 01:16:29,880
alright so
1997
01:16:30,239 --> 01:16:31,239
looking at just an introduction
1998
01:16:33,840 --> 01:16:34,840
obviously adapters and converters
1999
01:16:35,440 --> 01:16:36,440
provide a connection between two
2000
01:16:38,159 --> 01:16:39,159
interfaces that are incompatible
2001
01:16:41,840 --> 01:16:42,840
due to their pin outs their
2002
01:16:44,000 --> 01:16:45,000
presentations
2003
01:16:46,159 --> 01:16:47,159
and signaling methods
2004
01:16:48,800 --> 01:16:49,800
so the the idea is the they interoperate
2005
01:16:51,600 --> 01:16:52,600
depending on what you're doing it'll
2006
01:16:52,960 --> 01:16:53,960
just be plug and play
2007
01:16:55,520 --> 01:16:56,520
plug and play because it doesn't require
2008
01:16:57,199 --> 01:16:58,199
any software updates it's just changing
2009
01:16:59,760 --> 01:17:00,760
one in pin to another
2010
01:17:02,560 --> 01:17:03,560
plug and play uh because your drivers
2011
01:17:05,280 --> 01:17:06,280
are downloaded also depending on the
2012
01:17:08,159 --> 01:17:09,159
type of interface
2013
01:17:11,840 --> 01:17:12,840
the converter not only connects to two
2014
01:17:13,360 --> 01:17:14,360
incompatible interfaces but converts the
2015
01:17:16,000 --> 01:17:17,000
form of the medium passing through it
2016
01:17:20,400 --> 01:17:21,400
all right so we're looking at dvi to
2017
01:17:22,719 --> 01:17:23,719
hdmi first and there's some
2018
01:17:25,600 --> 01:17:26,600
illustrations on the right here the dvi
2019
01:17:28,880 --> 01:17:29,880
actual interface
2020
01:17:31,440 --> 01:17:32,440
and above the adapter cable that changes
2021
01:17:34,400 --> 01:17:35,400
one presentation
2022
01:17:36,080 --> 01:17:37,080
to another
2023
01:17:37,280 --> 01:17:38,280
now you can go into all the technical
2024
01:17:38,800 --> 01:17:39,800
documentation if you wish it's not
2025
01:17:40,640 --> 01:17:41,640
really something i'm particularly
2026
01:17:42,480 --> 01:17:43,480
interested in what each particular pin
2027
01:17:45,199 --> 01:17:46,199
does
2028
01:17:46,320 --> 01:17:47,320
as it swaps along the cable how it
2029
01:17:48,560 --> 01:17:49,560
changes the
2030
01:17:49,840 --> 01:17:50,840
power types and the signal types but um
2031
01:17:52,719 --> 01:17:53,719
not really interested certainly for the
2032
01:17:54,719 --> 01:17:55,719
a plus exam
2033
01:17:56,320 --> 01:17:57,320
the dvi digital visual interface to the
2034
01:17:59,600 --> 01:18:00,600
hdmi high definition multimedia
2035
01:18:01,920 --> 01:18:02,920
interface
2036
01:18:03,679 --> 01:18:04,679
bi-directional
2037
01:18:05,440 --> 01:18:06,440
adapters allow you to do this
2038
01:18:07,679 --> 01:18:08,679
connect a computer with a dvi port to a
2039
01:18:09,760 --> 01:18:10,760
new monitor
2040
01:18:11,040 --> 01:18:12,040
a hd tv or a projector with a hdmi port
2041
01:18:14,880 --> 01:18:15,880
says you having to buy the new
2042
01:18:16,800 --> 01:18:17,800
projectors or new monitors or computers
2043
01:18:19,679 --> 01:18:20,679
connect a monitor with a dvi port to a
2044
01:18:21,679 --> 01:18:22,679
computer a blu-ray player
2045
01:18:24,640 --> 01:18:25,640
tv box or a game console with a hdmi
2046
01:18:27,920 --> 01:18:28,920
port
2047
01:18:28,800 --> 01:18:29,800
so you should be able to buy the cables
2048
01:18:30,239 --> 01:18:31,239
fairly inexpensively
2049
01:18:33,120 --> 01:18:34,120
now you do have a problem
2050
01:18:34,880 --> 01:18:35,880
and
2051
01:18:35,760 --> 01:18:36,760
i don't think they want i expect you to
2052
01:18:37,520 --> 01:18:38,520
know the different dvi types
2053
01:18:40,480 --> 01:18:41,480
and dvias dvii's i think there's about
2054
01:18:44,800 --> 01:18:45,800
four or five different types
2055
01:18:47,440 --> 01:18:48,440
and but a standard dvr doesn't support
2056
01:18:50,080 --> 01:18:51,080
audio when connecting to a hdmi port
2057
01:18:52,960 --> 01:18:53,960
so there's a whole bunch of
2058
01:18:54,320 --> 01:18:55,320
troubleshooting tickets on forums
2059
01:18:57,120 --> 01:18:58,120
with people bewildered as to why
2060
01:18:59,920 --> 01:19:00,920
their audio isn't working when they um
2061
01:19:02,800 --> 01:19:03,800
use the adapter
2062
01:19:04,320 --> 01:19:05,320
and the reason is and it doesn't support
2063
01:19:06,640 --> 01:19:07,640
the audio so you have to
2064
01:19:09,360 --> 01:19:10,360
connect normally you've got an audio
2065
01:19:10,880 --> 01:19:11,880
cable or some sort of an audio interface
2066
01:19:13,760 --> 01:19:14,760
to connect and you'd have to use a
2067
01:19:15,520 --> 01:19:16,520
separate cable for the audio signal
2068
01:19:18,400 --> 01:19:19,400
now depending on the and vendor there
2069
01:19:20,640 --> 01:19:21,640
are different workarounds to get this
2070
01:19:22,880 --> 01:19:23,880
work in but some of them can be quite
2071
01:19:26,080 --> 01:19:27,080
and difficult for a novice user or
2072
01:19:28,159 --> 01:19:29,159
somebody who isn't that technical
2073
01:19:30,880 --> 01:19:31,880
the hdmi source components and display
2074
01:19:33,440 --> 01:19:34,440
support dvid in to promote
2075
01:19:36,400 --> 01:19:37,400
interoperability between dvid and hdmi
2076
01:19:42,480 --> 01:19:43,480
all right obviously usb is a big
2077
01:19:44,880 --> 01:19:45,880
ubiquitous now there's so many different
2078
01:19:46,880 --> 01:19:47,880
types
2079
01:19:48,320 --> 01:19:49,320
and then there's usb mini usb
2080
01:19:50,960 --> 01:19:51,960
a lot of people are using them for just
2081
01:19:52,400 --> 01:19:53,400
charging devices as well as connecting
2082
01:19:54,880 --> 01:19:55,880
different types of devices
2083
01:19:57,040 --> 01:19:58,040
to their pcs or laptops
2084
01:19:59,360 --> 01:20:00,360
or other devices
2085
01:20:01,760 --> 01:20:02,760
the usb a connector is the a type and
2086
01:20:05,040 --> 01:20:06,040
you can see that on the right to more
2087
01:20:06,880 --> 01:20:07,880
rectangular
2088
01:20:08,239 --> 01:20:09,239
and then the usb
2089
01:20:09,679 --> 01:20:10,679
usb b type is the more square type on
2090
01:20:13,280 --> 01:20:14,280
the bottom left there
2091
01:20:18,320 --> 01:20:19,320
cable may have a type a on one end and a
2092
01:20:20,400 --> 01:20:21,400
type b on the other end for conversion
2093
01:20:22,880 --> 01:20:23,880
so for example then my printer
2094
01:20:25,440 --> 01:20:26,440
has a usb
2095
01:20:27,520 --> 01:20:28,520
b
2096
01:20:28,400 --> 01:20:29,400
connection coming out of it and then it
2097
01:20:31,120 --> 01:20:32,120
connects to my
2098
01:20:32,400 --> 01:20:33,400
pc using the usb type a
2099
01:20:36,800 --> 01:20:37,800
very handy uh the usb to ethernet it
2100
01:20:39,920 --> 01:20:40,920
basically changes your usb
2101
01:20:42,320 --> 01:20:43,320
port on your
2102
01:20:44,719 --> 01:20:45,719
laptop or whatever you've got to a
2103
01:20:47,040 --> 01:20:48,040
ethernet port
2104
01:20:48,960 --> 01:20:49,960
and then it can it's got the ethernet
2105
01:20:50,560 --> 01:20:51,560
presentation on the other side as you
2106
01:20:52,239 --> 01:20:53,239
can see
2107
01:20:54,960 --> 01:20:55,960
uh one end plugs to the usb of your
2108
01:20:56,639 --> 01:20:57,639
computer the other end supports the
2109
01:20:58,320 --> 01:20:59,320
ethernet
2110
01:21:00,320 --> 01:21:01,320
uh yeah i've already said it's basically
2111
01:21:02,400 --> 01:21:03,400
handy it turns your um
2112
01:21:04,800 --> 01:21:05,800
some places to have wireless disabled
2113
01:21:07,920 --> 01:21:08,920
for security reasons or you go to a
2114
01:21:10,560 --> 01:21:11,560
hotel and the only presentation they
2115
01:21:12,400 --> 01:21:13,400
give you is a usb and cable
2116
01:21:16,159 --> 01:21:17,159
going into a hub somewhere so this is um
2117
01:21:18,880 --> 01:21:19,880
this is the workaround
2118
01:21:21,600 --> 01:21:22,600
dvi to vga you can see here dvi cable is
2119
01:21:25,280 --> 01:21:26,280
the top part and the vga on the bottom
2120
01:21:28,800 --> 01:21:29,800
converts the
2121
01:21:30,400 --> 01:21:31,400
dvi output from your computer to analog
2122
01:21:33,600 --> 01:21:34,600
vga for crt monitors
2123
01:21:37,440 --> 01:21:38,440
dvr's digital and vgi
2124
01:21:39,679 --> 01:21:40,679
vgas analog debate the digital signal
2125
01:21:42,880 --> 01:21:43,880
has to be converted to analog which
2126
01:21:45,360 --> 01:21:46,360
happens inside the housing there
2127
01:21:50,400 --> 01:21:51,400
all right a thunderbolt 2 dvi
2128
01:21:53,520 --> 01:21:54,520
i'm not a mac user actually but the
2129
01:21:55,920 --> 01:21:56,920
thunderbot technology provides a port
2130
01:21:58,400 --> 01:21:59,400
that carries both display and pci
2131
01:22:00,800 --> 01:22:01,800
express data
2132
01:22:02,960 --> 01:22:03,960
the adapter cable allows you to connect
2133
01:22:05,360 --> 01:22:06,360
the apple thunderbot port to a dvi
2134
01:22:08,400 --> 01:22:09,400
display device and this makes it
2135
01:22:10,560 --> 01:22:11,560
compatible with the mini display port
2136
01:22:15,040 --> 01:22:16,040
i don't see much of these anymore they
2137
01:22:16,960 --> 01:22:17,960
were fairly popular i've probably got
2138
01:22:18,960 --> 01:22:19,960
one in my big box of
2139
01:22:20,800 --> 01:22:21,800
adapters cables and cards
2140
01:22:24,239 --> 01:22:25,239
the ps2
2141
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:27,000
to usb lets you convert the ps2 keyboard
2142
01:22:28,800 --> 01:22:29,800
and mouse port on your computer to a usb
2143
01:22:32,400 --> 01:22:33,400
port
2144
01:22:34,719 --> 01:22:35,719
you can see uh
2145
01:22:36,320 --> 01:22:37,320
the mouse here the usb mouse
2146
01:22:39,679 --> 01:22:40,679
has got the adapter on the end there so
2147
01:22:41,679 --> 01:22:42,679
you can connect it to a ps2 i think most
2148
01:22:44,400 --> 01:22:45,400
um
2149
01:22:45,840 --> 01:22:46,840
pcs still come with the ps2 port if you
2150
01:22:48,239 --> 01:22:49,239
wanted to use it
2151
01:22:49,760 --> 01:22:50,760
laptops because of their space seems to
2152
01:22:52,639 --> 01:22:53,639
be happening a lot less now
2153
01:22:56,639 --> 01:22:57,639
hdmi to vga
2154
01:22:59,360 --> 01:23:00,360
this convert is an active device that
2155
01:23:01,520 --> 01:23:02,520
allows you to convert your digital hdmi
2156
01:23:03,760 --> 01:23:04,760
signal to the analog vga signal
2157
01:23:08,159 --> 01:23:09,159
converter may also have a 3.5
2158
01:23:11,520 --> 01:23:12,520
inch audio port for sending the audio
2159
01:23:15,040 --> 01:23:16,040
from the converter to a device just
2160
01:23:17,360 --> 01:23:18,360
depends on what you need really and what
2161
01:23:18,719 --> 01:23:19,719
you've bought it's useful if you want to
2162
01:23:21,040 --> 01:23:22,040
connect your laptop to an older
2163
01:23:22,480 --> 01:23:23,480
projector or monitor
2164
01:23:26,000 --> 01:23:27,000
it's an active device because active
2165
01:23:28,000 --> 01:23:29,000
processor is required which is inside
2166
01:23:30,159 --> 01:23:31,159
the housing there to convert
2167
01:23:33,040 --> 01:23:34,040
the high definition content for an
2168
01:23:35,679 --> 01:23:36,679
analog display
2169
01:23:37,679 --> 01:23:38,679
again you can look up all the
2170
01:23:38,800 --> 01:23:39,800
documentation if you're really
2171
01:23:40,719 --> 01:23:41,719
interested in all the signals and stuff
2172
01:23:42,880 --> 01:23:43,880
like that
2173
01:23:43,920 --> 01:23:44,920
the converter bus is powered from the
2174
01:23:45,360 --> 01:23:46,360
hdmi port it doesn't require power
2175
01:23:47,520 --> 01:23:48,520
source
2176
01:23:48,800 --> 01:23:49,800
well most of these adapters don't
2177
01:23:50,239 --> 01:23:51,239
actually
2178
01:23:51,120 --> 01:23:52,120
require a power source
2179
01:23:53,040 --> 01:23:54,040
so we've looked at the introduction dvi
2180
01:23:55,679 --> 01:23:56,679
to hdmi usb a to b
2181
01:23:58,320 --> 01:23:59,320
usb to ethernet
2182
01:24:01,280 --> 01:24:02,280
dvi to vga thunderbolt ps2 hdmi to vga
2183
01:24:07,280 --> 01:24:08,280
that's all for now
2184
01:24:13,150 --> 01:24:14,150
[Music]
2185
01:24:33,760 --> 01:24:34,760
motherboards
2186
01:24:35,040 --> 01:24:36,040
form factors
2187
01:24:37,199 --> 01:24:38,199
we've discussed a lot about the internal
2188
01:24:39,120 --> 01:24:40,120
components of a motherboard and what
2189
01:24:40,880 --> 01:24:41,880
makes it the spinal cord of a computer
2190
01:24:42,800 --> 01:24:43,800
but we haven't talked about are the
2191
01:24:44,320 --> 01:24:45,320
physical components of a motherboard
2192
01:24:46,239 --> 01:24:47,239
meaning sizes
2193
01:24:48,000 --> 01:24:49,000
and if we look at all of these different
2194
01:24:49,760 --> 01:24:50,760
motherboards that i have on this screen
2195
01:24:51,600 --> 01:24:52,600
you see that they each have different
2196
01:24:53,360 --> 01:24:54,360
physical components for instance this
2197
01:24:55,120 --> 01:24:56,120
has a cutout on it
2198
01:24:56,639 --> 01:24:57,639
this one is much more compact especially
2199
01:24:58,639 --> 01:24:59,639
if you look at some of
2200
01:25:01,120 --> 01:25:02,120
these internal sort of components
2201
01:25:03,440 --> 01:25:04,440
here this one looks much different from
2202
01:25:05,040 --> 01:25:06,040
the others
2203
01:25:06,080 --> 01:25:07,080
and this looks more like a standard
2204
01:25:08,480 --> 01:25:09,480
motherboard we're going to see on many
2205
01:25:09,679 --> 01:25:10,679
computers and that's because these each
2206
01:25:11,360 --> 01:25:12,360
have different form factors the physical
2207
01:25:13,360 --> 01:25:14,360
limitations or the physical
2208
01:25:15,600 --> 01:25:16,600
configurations of the motherboard and so
2209
01:25:17,840 --> 01:25:18,840
what i want to cover are some of the
2210
01:25:19,040 --> 01:25:20,040
most popular form factors that you're
2211
01:25:20,960 --> 01:25:21,960
going to find on the a plus exam and
2212
01:25:23,120 --> 01:25:24,120
that are out there in general and these
2213
01:25:25,040 --> 01:25:26,040
are atx
2214
01:25:27,360 --> 01:25:28,360
micro atx which is a derivative of atx
2215
01:25:31,760 --> 01:25:32,760
itx
2216
01:25:33,840 --> 01:25:34,840
and btx
2217
01:25:36,239 --> 01:25:37,239
finally i want to just quickly discuss
2218
01:25:38,000 --> 01:25:39,000
the main power connector you're going to
2219
01:25:39,760 --> 01:25:40,760
see for an atx motherboard since it will
2220
01:25:42,000 --> 01:25:43,000
come up on the exam and we'll cover that
2221
01:25:44,320 --> 01:25:45,320
again in more depth when we get to
2222
01:25:47,040 --> 01:25:48,040
power supplies and power connectors
2223
01:25:49,520 --> 01:25:50,520
so first i want to take an overview of
2224
01:25:51,440 --> 01:25:52,440
all these different motherboards and
2225
01:25:52,960 --> 01:25:53,960
we'll come back to this table but what
2226
01:25:54,719 --> 01:25:55,719
i've done here is just giving you a
2227
01:25:56,400 --> 01:25:57,400
quick overview of
2228
01:25:59,120 --> 01:26:00,120
the physical dimensions of each of these
2229
01:26:01,120 --> 01:26:02,120
form factors here and also some of the
2230
01:26:03,920 --> 01:26:04,920
identifying characteristics what makes
2231
01:26:05,920 --> 01:26:06,920
these form factors stand out if you were
2232
01:26:07,760 --> 01:26:08,760
just to look at them and some of the
2233
01:26:09,199 --> 01:26:10,199
things that they
2234
01:26:11,040 --> 01:26:12,040
are used for
2235
01:26:12,320 --> 01:26:13,320
so let's start by looking at atx and
2236
01:26:14,880 --> 01:26:15,880
micro atx now atx stands for advanced
2237
01:26:18,480 --> 01:26:19,480
technology
2238
01:26:20,080 --> 01:26:21,080
extended
2239
01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:22,600
and as i write that up there uh the
2240
01:26:24,159 --> 01:26:25,159
reason it has that extended on it is
2241
01:26:27,040 --> 01:26:28,040
because
2242
01:26:28,080 --> 01:26:29,080
80
2243
01:26:29,199 --> 01:26:30,199
used to be the main
2244
01:26:31,920 --> 01:26:32,920
form factor for motherboards and it was
2245
01:26:33,840 --> 01:26:34,840
replaced by this one the extended
2246
01:26:36,480 --> 01:26:37,480
version okay and atx is the most common
2247
01:26:39,520 --> 01:26:40,520
form factor out there one thing that
2248
01:26:41,679 --> 01:26:42,679
makes it uh
2249
01:26:43,440 --> 01:26:44,440
recognizable from other form factors is
2250
01:26:45,679 --> 01:26:46,679
that the ram slots which are here and
2251
01:26:47,679 --> 01:26:48,679
the expansion spots which we've talked
2252
01:26:49,280 --> 01:26:50,280
about right here and just as a review
2253
01:26:51,199 --> 01:26:52,199
this would be an agp slot
2254
01:26:55,199 --> 01:26:56,199
and these right here look like pcis
2255
01:26:59,440 --> 01:27:00,440
we also have our pata
2256
01:27:02,639 --> 01:27:03,639
and
2257
01:27:03,600 --> 01:27:04,600
i don't see any satas on this one but i
2258
01:27:06,400 --> 01:27:07,400
do see a battery for the cmos
2259
01:27:09,199 --> 01:27:10,199
and here's where our cpu would go in
2260
01:27:13,199 --> 01:27:14,199
here's some more betas right here
2261
01:27:15,600 --> 01:27:16,600
so
2262
01:27:17,120 --> 01:27:18,120
um
2263
01:27:18,719 --> 01:27:19,719
this atx this is the most common version
2264
01:27:21,120 --> 01:27:22,120
you're going to see and it's about 12
2265
01:27:23,040 --> 01:27:24,040
inches wide by 9.6 inches deep and by
2266
01:27:26,239 --> 01:27:27,239
the way just so we're clear the width is
2267
01:27:28,880 --> 01:27:29,880
actually
2268
01:27:29,920 --> 01:27:30,920
this distance
2269
01:27:31,440 --> 01:27:32,440
here
2270
01:27:32,560 --> 01:27:33,560
one thing you'll notice is between the
2271
01:27:34,800 --> 01:27:35,800
micro and the standard the depth is
2272
01:27:37,520 --> 01:27:38,520
actually the same these are both 9.6
2273
01:27:40,159 --> 01:27:41,159
inches that's the number you're probably
2274
01:27:41,440 --> 01:27:42,440
going to want to remember for the test
2275
01:27:43,760 --> 01:27:44,760
now the main difference between micro
2276
01:27:46,080 --> 01:27:47,080
atx and standard atx is just size
2277
01:27:48,960 --> 01:27:49,960
this was made for the micro atx was made
2278
01:27:51,520 --> 01:27:52,520
for smaller computers that had a smaller
2279
01:27:53,840 --> 01:27:54,840
chassis took up less space but you'll
2280
01:27:56,320 --> 01:27:57,320
see it still has
2281
01:27:58,239 --> 01:27:59,239
the ram slots and the pci slots uh or
2282
01:28:02,320 --> 01:28:03,320
the expansion ports are still
2283
01:28:04,080 --> 01:28:05,080
perpendicular to each other just about
2284
01:28:06,080 --> 01:28:07,080
everything else is on this motherboard
2285
01:28:07,760 --> 01:28:08,760
and they look pretty similar even uh the
2286
01:28:11,440 --> 01:28:12,440
these ports right here this looks like a
2287
01:28:13,920 --> 01:28:14,920
parallel port is still in the same spot
2288
01:28:17,280 --> 01:28:18,280
and the reason for that is they are
2289
01:28:18,800 --> 01:28:19,800
backward compatible meaning that you can
2290
01:28:21,440 --> 01:28:22,440
actually put a micro atx motherboard
2291
01:28:23,520 --> 01:28:24,520
into a chassis built for a standard atx
2292
01:28:27,520 --> 01:28:28,520
it might be a little difficult but if
2293
01:28:29,040 --> 01:28:30,040
you look at the screws right you can see
2294
01:28:31,040 --> 01:28:32,040
some screw
2295
01:28:32,320 --> 01:28:33,320
holes here and here they actually would
2296
01:28:34,719 --> 01:28:35,719
fit
2297
01:28:36,000 --> 01:28:37,000
about the same spots so this is backward
2298
01:28:38,000 --> 01:28:39,000
compatible and again this is the most
2299
01:28:40,080 --> 01:28:41,080
common form factor you're going to see
2300
01:28:42,320 --> 01:28:43,320
so if you see a question on the test
2301
01:28:43,679 --> 01:28:44,679
that asks you for the most common that's
2302
01:28:45,600 --> 01:28:46,600
the standard atx and the micro atx is
2303
01:28:48,480 --> 01:28:49,480
extremely similar the only main
2304
01:28:50,239 --> 01:28:51,239
difference is that it is smaller but it
2305
01:28:52,800 --> 01:28:53,800
is backwards compatible
2306
01:28:55,040 --> 01:28:56,040
so as we got into more complex computers
2307
01:28:57,440 --> 01:28:58,440
and smaller computers the need for other
2308
01:28:59,600 --> 01:29:00,600
motherboard form factors came out and so
2309
01:29:01,920 --> 01:29:02,920
we have these uh itx motherboards and
2310
01:29:05,360 --> 01:29:06,360
the interesting thing about itx is not
2311
01:29:06,960 --> 01:29:07,960
many people know uh no one can really
2312
01:29:09,360 --> 01:29:10,360
identify what the i stands for it was
2313
01:29:11,679 --> 01:29:12,679
probably just a replacement for the a it
2314
01:29:13,679 --> 01:29:14,679
sounded cooler and thinner um but one
2315
01:29:15,920 --> 01:29:16,920
thing that the itx motherboards were
2316
01:29:17,760 --> 01:29:18,760
designed for are some higher power
2317
01:29:21,520 --> 01:29:22,520
motherboards that could work in smaller
2318
01:29:23,679 --> 01:29:24,679
spaces so
2319
01:29:25,760 --> 01:29:26,760
the mini itx this one right here is
2320
01:29:28,719 --> 01:29:29,719
mostly designed for ht pcs and if you
2321
01:29:32,080 --> 01:29:33,080
don't know what that is that's ht stands
2322
01:29:33,920 --> 01:29:34,920
for home
2323
01:29:36,000 --> 01:29:37,000
theater so these were mostly for
2324
01:29:38,480 --> 01:29:39,480
computers you're going to plug up to
2325
01:29:39,920 --> 01:29:40,920
your tv and the reason that these were
2326
01:29:42,800 --> 01:29:43,800
designed is because not only are they
2327
01:29:44,320 --> 01:29:45,320
smaller but they actually keep a little
2328
01:29:46,320 --> 01:29:47,320
quieter and that's because they use
2329
01:29:48,880 --> 01:29:49,880
passive cooling which we'll talk about
2330
01:29:50,960 --> 01:29:51,960
when we get into cooling and passive
2331
01:29:53,440 --> 01:29:54,440
cooling is using heatsinks and things
2332
01:29:56,320 --> 01:29:57,320
like this that don't have fans there's
2333
01:29:57,679 --> 01:29:58,679
no active cooling going on and so
2334
01:29:59,600 --> 01:30:00,600
they're a lot quieter they also conserve
2335
01:30:01,840 --> 01:30:02,840
a lot more power which is important when
2336
01:30:03,920 --> 01:30:04,920
we're talking about connecting it to
2337
01:30:06,159 --> 01:30:07,159
your computer to your television
2338
01:30:09,199 --> 01:30:10,199
we also have these nano itx motherboards
2339
01:30:12,239 --> 01:30:13,239
and these are even smaller than the mini
2340
01:30:14,800 --> 01:30:15,800
itx motherboards mini the itx
2341
01:30:16,880 --> 01:30:17,880
motherboards by the way these
2342
01:30:19,199 --> 01:30:20,199
holes do line up with atx motherboards
2343
01:30:22,320 --> 01:30:23,320
so they are backwards compatible with a
2344
01:30:25,440 --> 01:30:26,440
atx
2345
01:30:31,520 --> 01:30:32,520
so that's just important to know is you
2346
01:30:33,199 --> 01:30:34,199
can put a mini itx on a
2347
01:30:37,360 --> 01:30:38,360
on a micro atx or an atx motherboard
2348
01:30:42,080 --> 01:30:43,080
the nano 8 itx
2349
01:30:44,239 --> 01:30:45,239
also has a low power consumption but
2350
01:30:47,280 --> 01:30:48,280
it's smaller because it's used for
2351
01:30:48,800 --> 01:30:49,800
computers that many of you probably
2352
01:30:50,800 --> 01:30:51,800
aren't going to build but for more like
2353
01:30:52,480 --> 01:30:53,480
set-top boxes like dvrs
2354
01:30:55,199 --> 01:30:56,199
and it's also used for video recorders
2355
01:30:58,320 --> 01:30:59,320
automotive
2356
01:30:59,840 --> 01:31:00,840
pcs that you're going to find in a in a
2357
01:31:02,080 --> 01:31:03,080
car so they're much smaller
2358
01:31:04,400 --> 01:31:05,400
require a lot less
2359
01:31:06,239 --> 01:31:07,239
power to a certain extent but
2360
01:31:08,480 --> 01:31:09,480
the needs of the motherboard are still
2361
01:31:10,080 --> 01:31:11,080
met
2362
01:31:11,280 --> 01:31:12,280
finally you're going to see a pico itx
2363
01:31:13,520 --> 01:31:14,520
and pico
2364
01:31:14,639 --> 01:31:15,639
have very powerful processors
2365
01:31:17,440 --> 01:31:18,440
a lot of ram they actually require
2366
01:31:19,520 --> 01:31:20,520
active cooling so they do require fans
2367
01:31:22,080 --> 01:31:23,080
and such because they're so small and
2368
01:31:24,719 --> 01:31:25,719
they're used in very very small pcs
2369
01:31:27,120 --> 01:31:28,120
sometimes things that are called ultra
2370
01:31:29,360 --> 01:31:30,360
mobile pcs
2371
01:31:32,320 --> 01:31:33,320
uh so
2372
01:31:33,520 --> 01:31:34,520
these are just important to sort of
2373
01:31:34,960 --> 01:31:35,960
understand the itx was a replacement for
2374
01:31:37,199 --> 01:31:38,199
atx it's del it's seen in a lot of other
2375
01:31:41,040 --> 01:31:42,040
non-standard computers that you're
2376
01:31:42,719 --> 01:31:43,719
probably not going to build if you're
2377
01:31:43,840 --> 01:31:44,840
building a computer you're probably
2378
01:31:45,600 --> 01:31:46,600
looking at an atx you might be looking
2379
01:31:47,679 --> 01:31:48,679
at an itx over here
2380
01:31:50,320 --> 01:31:51,320
in this case
2381
01:31:51,840 --> 01:31:52,840
you can see that the
2382
01:31:54,400 --> 01:31:55,400
ram slot is perpendicular to the
2383
01:31:57,760 --> 01:31:58,760
expansion slot but there are a lot fewer
2384
01:31:59,760 --> 01:32:00,760
of them right and that's because it's
2385
01:32:01,120 --> 01:32:02,120
much smaller one that's not mentioned on
2386
01:32:04,000 --> 01:32:05,000
this is actually what's called a mobile
2387
01:32:06,480 --> 01:32:07,480
itx uh you're probably not going to see
2388
01:32:09,040 --> 01:32:10,040
that on the exam i just want to mention
2389
01:32:10,560 --> 01:32:11,560
it and and that's been more for sort of
2390
01:32:12,639 --> 01:32:13,639
smartphones um
2391
01:32:14,960 --> 01:32:15,960
mobile sort of healthcare devices etc
2392
01:32:17,120 --> 01:32:18,120
it's just important to sort of point
2393
01:32:18,560 --> 01:32:19,560
those out and you can see how they can
2394
01:32:19,920 --> 01:32:20,920
get smaller and smaller
2395
01:32:22,719 --> 01:32:23,719
depending on the needs
2396
01:32:25,679 --> 01:32:26,679
finally we have btx which is balanced
2397
01:32:29,360 --> 01:32:30,360
technology extended so the only
2398
01:32:31,360 --> 01:32:32,360
difference here is this letter right
2399
01:32:33,520 --> 01:32:34,520
here
2400
01:32:34,400 --> 01:32:35,400
and these are for processors that
2401
01:32:36,560 --> 01:32:37,560
require a lot more heat release a lot
2402
01:32:39,600 --> 01:32:40,600
more
2403
01:32:40,400 --> 01:32:41,400
uh uh
2404
01:32:41,679 --> 01:32:42,679
power sorry require a lot more power
2405
01:32:44,159 --> 01:32:45,159
release a lot more heat and you can see
2406
01:32:46,320 --> 01:32:47,320
that they're actually designed to kind
2407
01:32:48,000 --> 01:32:49,000
of reconfigure the way things are you
2408
01:32:50,159 --> 01:32:51,159
see that here the expansion ports are
2409
01:32:51,760 --> 01:32:52,760
all the way on one side
2410
01:32:53,360 --> 01:32:54,360
the ram is on another side and the
2411
01:32:57,440 --> 01:32:58,440
cpu in this case is actually put at a
2412
01:32:59,520 --> 01:33:00,520
certain angle and this just allows it uh
2413
01:33:02,000 --> 01:33:03,000
these are really made for servers high
2414
01:33:03,600 --> 01:33:04,600
power servers that really require a a
2415
01:33:07,199 --> 01:33:08,199
lot more
2416
01:33:08,400 --> 01:33:09,400
power and have a lot more heat going off
2417
01:33:10,080 --> 01:33:11,080
you're really going to see these in
2418
01:33:11,120 --> 01:33:12,120
servers you might be building a computer
2419
01:33:13,040 --> 01:33:14,040
based on this
2420
01:33:14,400 --> 01:33:15,400
form factor if you're building a server
2421
01:33:16,080 --> 01:33:17,080
but most the time we're probably going
2422
01:33:17,520 --> 01:33:18,520
to buy a server all right so just going
2423
01:33:19,840 --> 01:33:20,840
back to this
2424
01:33:23,360 --> 01:33:24,360
table that we've created the main
2425
01:33:25,120 --> 01:33:26,120
difference you can see here between the
2426
01:33:26,880 --> 01:33:27,880
atx and the btx are where the ram slots
2427
01:33:30,320 --> 01:33:31,320
are
2428
01:33:31,360 --> 01:33:32,360
for that one the ma the micro atx
2429
01:33:34,000 --> 01:33:35,000
actually shares the same depth
2430
01:33:36,480 --> 01:33:37,480
with the atx it's just a little wider
2431
01:33:39,199 --> 01:33:40,199
they are backwards compatible these itx
2432
01:33:42,239 --> 01:33:43,239
do have several different uh you know
2433
01:33:44,639 --> 01:33:45,639
iterations and they're designed for home
2434
01:33:47,280 --> 01:33:48,280
theater pcs smartphones things that are
2435
01:33:49,679 --> 01:33:50,679
smaller require less noise and the btx
2436
01:33:53,760 --> 01:33:54,760
these are really for servers and high
2437
01:33:56,000 --> 01:33:57,000
power computers that are going to need a
2438
01:33:58,159 --> 01:33:59,159
certain a different um form factor for
2439
01:34:01,600 --> 01:34:02,600
whatever reason
2440
01:34:03,440 --> 01:34:04,440
so now we've covered the major form
2441
01:34:05,600 --> 01:34:06,600
factors including atx the most common
2442
01:34:08,639 --> 01:34:09,639
form factor micro atx which is an
2443
01:34:11,199 --> 01:34:12,199
iteration of the atx we looked at some
2444
01:34:13,760 --> 01:34:14,760
different itx form factors which again
2445
01:34:16,000 --> 01:34:17,000
are backwards compatible with both the
2446
01:34:19,040 --> 01:34:20,040
atx and the micro atx and then we looked
2447
01:34:21,600 --> 01:34:22,600
at the btx which is for servers so now i
2448
01:34:24,560 --> 01:34:25,560
really quickly want to look at the power
2449
01:34:26,400 --> 01:34:27,400
connector
2450
01:34:27,600 --> 01:34:28,600
so this is actually a pretty uh new
2451
01:34:29,840 --> 01:34:30,840
power connector and the reason i can
2452
01:34:31,440 --> 01:34:32,440
tell you that is because it's really big
2453
01:34:34,560 --> 01:34:35,560
and usually when we see when you used to
2454
01:34:36,159 --> 01:34:37,159
see power connectors they used to
2455
01:34:37,360 --> 01:34:38,360
actually be divided about down the
2456
01:34:38,719 --> 01:34:39,719
middle and one was called a p9 and then
2457
01:34:42,320 --> 01:34:43,320
one was called a p8 i don't necessarily
2458
01:34:44,880 --> 01:34:45,880
know why they had that differentiation
2459
01:34:46,880 --> 01:34:47,880
but they were there and now what they've
2460
01:34:49,679 --> 01:34:50,679
been done is they've been sort of merged
2461
01:34:51,280 --> 01:34:52,280
together and it's now one big p1 i
2462
01:34:53,520 --> 01:34:54,520
assume it has something to do with the
2463
01:34:55,119 --> 01:34:56,119
way the chords were lined up in the way
2464
01:34:57,440 --> 01:34:58,440
that they interacted but if we look at a
2465
01:35:00,080 --> 01:35:01,080
motherboard here
2466
01:35:01,679 --> 01:35:02,679
you can see here's the big connector
2467
01:35:03,440 --> 01:35:04,440
right here big power connector and this
2468
01:35:05,520 --> 01:35:06,520
is for an atx form factor this is the
2469
01:35:07,840 --> 01:35:08,840
most common connector that we see
2470
01:35:10,159 --> 01:35:11,159
and if we look at
2471
01:35:12,080 --> 01:35:13,080
a
2472
01:35:13,040 --> 01:35:14,040
pin sort of diagram that differentiates
2473
01:35:15,360 --> 01:35:16,360
all the 24 pins in the different colors
2474
01:35:17,440 --> 01:35:18,440
the you don't need to memorize this
2475
01:35:18,800 --> 01:35:19,800
whole thing but you do need to notice
2476
01:35:20,639 --> 01:35:21,639
that there are three voltages that stand
2477
01:35:22,320 --> 01:35:23,320
out 12 volts
2478
01:35:24,320 --> 01:35:25,320
5 volts
2479
01:35:25,679 --> 01:35:26,679
and 3.3 volts you might want to
2480
01:35:28,320 --> 01:35:29,320
recognize that orange generally speaking
2481
01:35:30,960 --> 01:35:31,960
is going to go along with the 3.3 volts
2482
01:35:33,520 --> 01:35:34,520
red generally speaking is going to go
2483
01:35:35,040 --> 01:35:36,040
with 5 and yellow generally speaking is
2484
01:35:37,600 --> 01:35:38,600
going to go with 12. you might get a
2485
01:35:39,679 --> 01:35:40,679
question on the test that asks you one
2486
01:35:41,440 --> 01:35:42,440
of those it's important to recognize
2487
01:35:43,440 --> 01:35:44,440
these voltages because these are the
2488
01:35:44,880 --> 01:35:45,880
different voltages that come into the
2489
01:35:46,239 --> 01:35:47,239
motherboard from the power supply and we
2490
01:35:48,159 --> 01:35:49,159
will cover these again when we go into
2491
01:35:49,679 --> 01:35:50,679
power supply but on the test you might
2492
01:35:51,920 --> 01:35:52,920
see one of these three pop up and it's
2493
01:35:54,239 --> 01:35:55,239
important to recognize uh which colors
2494
01:35:57,199 --> 01:35:58,199
are associated with which one of these
2495
01:35:59,119 --> 01:36:00,119
voltages
2496
01:36:01,520 --> 01:36:02,520
just looking at this again i want to
2497
01:36:02,880 --> 01:36:03,880
show you where the power connector is on
2498
01:36:04,560 --> 01:36:05,560
this motherboard which is right here
2499
01:36:06,560 --> 01:36:07,560
this is where that big old p1 would plug
2500
01:36:08,880 --> 01:36:09,880
in and there's 24
2501
01:36:11,760 --> 01:36:12,760
24
2502
01:36:13,280 --> 01:36:14,280
pins in here and if you see right here
2503
01:36:16,080 --> 01:36:17,080
there's a little keying so that way you
2504
01:36:17,920 --> 01:36:18,920
make sure you're plugging it in the
2505
01:36:19,119 --> 01:36:20,119
right way you can also see that they're
2506
01:36:20,880 --> 01:36:21,880
sort of rounded here's a square sort of
2507
01:36:23,360 --> 01:36:24,360
port right but some of these are
2508
01:36:25,119 --> 01:36:26,119
somewhat round and that's to make sure
2509
01:36:27,040 --> 01:36:28,040
that you plug it in the right way
2510
01:36:28,239 --> 01:36:29,239
obviously if you plug your power in the
2511
01:36:29,840 --> 01:36:30,840
wrong way it's going to blow the system
2512
01:36:31,679 --> 01:36:32,679
alright so
2513
01:36:33,440 --> 01:36:34,440
we've just covered the power connector
2514
01:36:35,040 --> 01:36:36,040
that p1 or it used to be a p8p9 power
2515
01:36:37,920 --> 01:36:38,920
connector and we will cover that more in
2516
01:36:39,600 --> 01:36:40,600
depth when we get to power supplies so
2517
01:36:41,520 --> 01:36:42,520
really quickly we talked about the main
2518
01:36:43,280 --> 01:36:44,280
form factors including atx which is our
2519
01:36:46,800 --> 01:36:47,800
most popular this is it this is the most
2520
01:36:49,280 --> 01:36:50,280
popular form factor you're going to see
2521
01:36:51,600 --> 01:36:52,600
micro atx which is backwards compatible
2522
01:36:54,000 --> 01:36:55,000
with the atx but it's just smaller
2523
01:36:56,159 --> 01:36:57,159
that's the only difference here is this
2524
01:36:57,679 --> 01:36:58,679
one is a good deal smaller okay we also
2525
01:37:00,800 --> 01:37:01,800
looked at the itx which is also
2526
01:37:03,280 --> 01:37:04,280
backwards compatible with these btx
2527
01:37:06,080 --> 01:37:07,080
which is mostly for
2528
01:37:08,080 --> 01:37:09,080
uh servers
2529
01:37:09,920 --> 01:37:10,920
and then we looked at the power
2530
01:37:11,199 --> 01:37:12,199
connector and what we talked about was
2531
01:37:12,960 --> 01:37:13,960
it used to be differentiated into a p8
2532
01:37:16,320 --> 01:37:17,320
or p9 power connector but now it's
2533
01:37:18,719 --> 01:37:19,719
usually just one big p1 power connector
2534
01:37:21,440 --> 01:37:22,440
so now that we've talked about uh the
2535
01:37:23,280 --> 01:37:24,280
physical designation of these
2536
01:37:24,800 --> 01:37:25,800
motherboards the internal i want to go
2537
01:37:27,119 --> 01:37:28,119
into some software that's built onto the
2538
01:37:29,600 --> 01:37:30,600
motherboard called the bios and this is
2539
01:37:31,760 --> 01:37:32,760
really important when we get into
2540
01:37:33,600 --> 01:37:34,600
starting up the computer
2541
01:37:38,250 --> 01:37:39,250
[Music]
2542
01:37:58,639 --> 01:37:59,639
motherboards
2543
01:38:00,159 --> 01:38:01,159
the bios
2544
01:38:02,159 --> 01:38:03,159
we've talked about motherboards from a
2545
01:38:03,679 --> 01:38:04,679
hardware context including the buses and
2546
01:38:07,040 --> 01:38:08,040
chipsets that make them what they are
2547
01:38:09,040 --> 01:38:10,040
the form factors that make them fit into
2548
01:38:11,280 --> 01:38:12,280
certain chassis and identify the
2549
01:38:13,040 --> 01:38:14,040
physical characteristics we've also
2550
01:38:15,280 --> 01:38:16,280
talked about these expansion ports on
2551
01:38:18,000 --> 01:38:19,000
the side for input output ports and also
2552
01:38:20,400 --> 01:38:21,400
these expansion ports internally and
2553
01:38:22,560 --> 01:38:23,560
storage technology but now what i want
2554
01:38:24,719 --> 01:38:25,719
to talk about is this thing called the
2555
01:38:26,639 --> 01:38:27,639
bios which is software that tells the
2556
01:38:30,080 --> 01:38:31,080
computer what to do the minute power is
2557
01:38:33,600 --> 01:38:34,600
the minute power reaches the motherboard
2558
01:38:35,280 --> 01:38:36,280
for the first time so we're going to
2559
01:38:37,040 --> 01:38:38,040
talk about this thing called the bios
2560
01:38:39,840 --> 01:38:40,840
and we're also going to talk about
2561
01:38:42,239 --> 01:38:43,239
the cmos which holds the information for
2562
01:38:44,800 --> 01:38:45,800
the bios the actual chip the cmos
2563
01:38:47,199 --> 01:38:48,199
battery and we'll explain the difference
2564
01:38:48,800 --> 01:38:49,800
there in a minute post or the power on
2565
01:38:51,360 --> 01:38:52,360
self-test that tests the hardware
2566
01:38:53,600 --> 01:38:54,600
components through the bios then we'll
2567
01:38:55,840 --> 01:38:56,840
talk about upgrading or flashing the
2568
01:38:58,000 --> 01:38:59,000
bios
2569
01:38:59,040 --> 01:39:00,040
and
2570
01:39:00,000 --> 01:39:01,000
following that we'll talk about
2571
01:39:01,280 --> 01:39:02,280
configuring the bios including the time
2572
01:39:04,159 --> 01:39:05,159
and date configurations
2573
01:39:06,800 --> 01:39:07,800
boot device priority which devices get
2574
01:39:09,520 --> 01:39:10,520
priority when we're booting the computer
2575
01:39:11,199 --> 01:39:12,199
up how we can set a password in the bios
2576
01:39:14,880 --> 01:39:15,880
the power management features that need
2577
01:39:16,880 --> 01:39:17,880
to be set in the bios for them to work
2578
01:39:18,719 --> 01:39:19,719
in an operating system
2579
01:39:20,400 --> 01:39:21,400
virtualization and how that's supported
2580
01:39:22,239 --> 01:39:23,239
by the bios
2581
01:39:23,760 --> 01:39:24,760
wake on lan which is a specific feature
2582
01:39:26,239 --> 01:39:27,239
that uh
2583
01:39:27,520 --> 01:39:28,520
allows you to wake up a computer over
2584
01:39:29,199 --> 01:39:30,199
the network and then we'll talk about
2585
01:39:30,960 --> 01:39:31,960
the bios and some monitoring that it
2586
01:39:32,800 --> 01:39:33,800
does and this is all uh specific to
2587
01:39:35,119 --> 01:39:36,119
things you need to know for the a plus
2588
01:39:36,560 --> 01:39:37,560
exam it gets a lot more in depth if we
2589
01:39:38,719 --> 01:39:39,719
were actually to take an entire class
2590
01:39:40,960 --> 01:39:41,960
say on the bios
2591
01:39:42,639 --> 01:39:43,639
so let's start with the bios in general
2592
01:39:45,360 --> 01:39:46,360
the bios stands for basic input output
2593
01:39:48,800 --> 01:39:49,800
system
2594
01:39:49,840 --> 01:39:50,840
and it is the instinct of the computer
2595
01:39:53,440 --> 01:39:54,440
it's what makes the the baby chicken
2596
01:39:56,400 --> 01:39:57,400
peck through the egg it tells the
2597
01:39:58,080 --> 01:39:59,080
computer what to do the minute power
2598
01:40:00,159 --> 01:40:01,159
reaches the system it is the first thing
2599
01:40:02,960 --> 01:40:03,960
that runs when you boot the pc
2600
01:40:05,440 --> 01:40:06,440
and it identifies
2601
01:40:07,280 --> 01:40:08,280
tests and initializes system components
2602
01:40:09,840 --> 01:40:10,840
so then once you get into your operating
2603
01:40:11,679 --> 01:40:12,679
system the operating system can access
2604
01:40:14,000 --> 01:40:15,000
these components it basically acts as
2605
01:40:16,320 --> 01:40:17,320
sort of a conduit between the software
2606
01:40:19,040 --> 01:40:20,040
you're going to use and the hardware
2607
01:40:20,800 --> 01:40:21,800
that's on the motherboard
2608
01:40:22,639 --> 01:40:23,639
some of the hardware that it's going to
2609
01:40:24,000 --> 01:40:25,000
test and initialize is the ram or the
2610
01:40:26,560 --> 01:40:27,560
memory the random access memory that's
2611
01:40:28,639 --> 01:40:29,639
our short-term memory if you recall our
2612
01:40:30,880 --> 01:40:31,880
our analogy the storage that's our
2613
01:40:33,360 --> 01:40:34,360
long-term memory which could include
2614
01:40:35,199 --> 01:40:36,199
internal or external surge
2615
01:40:37,520 --> 01:40:38,520
storage such as usb drives or hard
2616
01:40:39,840 --> 01:40:40,840
drives
2617
01:40:41,199 --> 01:40:42,199
optical drives like cd and dvd drives
2618
01:40:44,880 --> 01:40:45,880
and then the cpu the central processing
2619
01:40:47,199 --> 01:40:48,199
unit or the processor which is what
2620
01:40:48,800 --> 01:40:49,800
we're going to talk about in the next
2621
01:40:50,400 --> 01:40:51,400
video section
2622
01:40:53,119 --> 01:40:54,119
uh here's a picture of the bios
2623
01:40:56,400 --> 01:40:57,400
if you were going to if you were to go
2624
01:40:58,159 --> 01:40:59,159
into it and you see here some of the
2625
01:40:59,920 --> 01:41:00,920
things that it is
2626
01:41:02,880 --> 01:41:03,880
looking for so it tells us uh the the
2627
01:41:05,360 --> 01:41:06,360
memory that's in the system it also
2628
01:41:07,440 --> 01:41:08,440
looks at the cpu type and speed here's
2629
01:41:10,320 --> 01:41:11,320
the version of the bios in case we
2630
01:41:11,920 --> 01:41:12,920
needed to upgrade it
2631
01:41:13,840 --> 01:41:14,840
it tells us if there's a hard drive a
2632
01:41:15,920 --> 01:41:16,920
hard drive cd-rom drive installed
2633
01:41:18,480 --> 01:41:19,480
this computer has a disk floppy disk and
2634
01:41:21,440 --> 01:41:22,440
so it tells us about that too and
2635
01:41:23,040 --> 01:41:24,040
finally you can see here the date and
2636
01:41:24,480 --> 01:41:25,480
time so you can see all this information
2637
01:41:26,719 --> 01:41:27,719
is in the bios and right up here i just
2638
01:41:28,320 --> 01:41:29,320
want to point out this says phoenix bios
2639
01:41:30,080 --> 01:41:31,080
that is the manufacturer of this bios
2640
01:41:32,080 --> 01:41:33,080
there are many many different types of
2641
01:41:33,760 --> 01:41:34,760
manufacturers and although the specifics
2642
01:41:36,880 --> 01:41:37,880
of how the bios is going to look changes
2643
01:41:38,639 --> 01:41:39,639
from computer to computer the basics are
2644
01:41:41,040 --> 01:41:42,040
the same
2645
01:41:43,119 --> 01:41:44,119
here's another version of the bios
2646
01:41:44,960 --> 01:41:45,960
another phoenix version actually and you
2647
01:41:47,119 --> 01:41:48,119
can see here uh some boot order stuff
2648
01:41:50,239 --> 01:41:51,239
that we will talk about a little bit
2649
01:41:51,600 --> 01:41:52,600
later
2650
01:41:54,159 --> 01:41:55,159
so the bios is the software it's that
2651
01:41:56,880 --> 01:41:57,880
basic input output system the cmos is
2652
01:41:59,760 --> 01:42:00,760
the chip that holds the bios it stands
2653
01:42:02,560 --> 01:42:03,560
for complementary metal oxide
2654
01:42:04,880 --> 01:42:05,880
semiconductor complementary because it's
2655
01:42:07,040 --> 01:42:08,040
complementary to the motherboard and to
2656
01:42:08,719 --> 01:42:09,719
the bios
2657
01:42:09,840 --> 01:42:10,840
and it stores the contents of what the
2658
01:42:11,840 --> 01:42:12,840
bios finds so if the bio says hey i have
2659
01:42:14,719 --> 01:42:15,719
50 you know 16 gigabytes of ram and a
2660
01:42:18,239 --> 01:42:19,239
1.8 gigahertz processor that's going to
2661
01:42:21,199 --> 01:42:22,199
pass that information on to the cmos to
2662
01:42:23,199 --> 01:42:24,199
hold on to
2663
01:42:25,360 --> 01:42:26,360
so for instance you get this type and
2664
01:42:27,600 --> 01:42:28,600
speed of the cpu drive capacities date
2665
01:42:30,960 --> 01:42:31,960
and time are some of the things that it
2666
01:42:32,880 --> 01:42:33,880
stores and one thing that's important to
2667
01:42:35,360 --> 01:42:36,360
notice is that it is volatile and what
2668
01:42:37,600 --> 01:42:38,600
this word means is that when the power
2669
01:42:39,679 --> 01:42:40,679
is off it loses its contents so this is
2670
01:42:42,719 --> 01:42:43,719
different from non-volatile memory which
2671
01:42:45,679 --> 01:42:46,679
will maintain the contents of the memory
2672
01:42:48,239 --> 01:42:49,239
even when the power is on so because
2673
01:42:50,560 --> 01:42:51,560
this is volatile all this information
2674
01:42:53,360 --> 01:42:54,360
every time the computer gets turned off
2675
01:42:55,520 --> 01:42:56,520
would disappear but some of this
2676
01:42:57,360 --> 01:42:58,360
information like date and time for
2677
01:42:59,199 --> 01:43:00,199
instance we want to maintain even when
2678
01:43:01,520 --> 01:43:02,520
the computer is turned off that's why we
2679
01:43:03,840 --> 01:43:04,840
have to use a cmos battery it's a
2680
01:43:06,320 --> 01:43:07,320
lithium-ion battery right here on the
2681
01:43:08,320 --> 01:43:09,320
computer and it looks like a watch
2682
01:43:09,600 --> 01:43:10,600
battery now i've zoomed in a lot so you
2683
01:43:11,840 --> 01:43:12,840
can see this
2684
01:43:13,199 --> 01:43:14,199
but this battery is
2685
01:43:15,600 --> 01:43:16,600
necessary for maintaining uh all this
2686
01:43:19,199 --> 01:43:20,199
data that the bios finds and allowing it
2687
01:43:22,239 --> 01:43:23,239
to stay on the cmos even when we turn
2688
01:43:24,719 --> 01:43:25,719
off the computer we'll come back to the
2689
01:43:26,639 --> 01:43:27,639
importance of this battery a little bit
2690
01:43:28,080 --> 01:43:29,080
later
2691
01:43:30,080 --> 01:43:31,080
so the post is related to the bios in
2692
01:43:32,800 --> 01:43:33,800
that it is the power on self test so it
2693
01:43:35,440 --> 01:43:36,440
is the testing function of the bios it
2694
01:43:38,159 --> 01:43:39,159
is the first step in the boot process of
2695
01:43:41,040 --> 01:43:42,040
the bios so when
2696
01:43:43,840 --> 01:43:44,840
the bios initializes the first thing it
2697
01:43:45,679 --> 01:43:46,679
does is run this power on self test
2698
01:43:48,000 --> 01:43:49,000
which tests all of the components and
2699
01:43:50,560 --> 01:43:51,560
then it passes errors onto the bios and
2700
01:43:53,920 --> 01:43:54,920
then onto the user and it does this
2701
01:43:56,480 --> 01:43:57,480
through either using code numbers or
2702
01:43:58,800 --> 01:43:59,800
audio beeps now i've capitalized audio
2703
01:44:01,280 --> 01:44:02,280
beeps here because this is really
2704
01:44:02,880 --> 01:44:03,880
important
2705
01:44:03,920 --> 01:44:04,920
let's say that the display goes out your
2706
01:44:06,880 --> 01:44:07,880
monitor is not working because of some
2707
01:44:09,119 --> 01:44:10,119
error that the post found it now cannot
2708
01:44:11,920 --> 01:44:12,920
notify you via a code number on the
2709
01:44:14,400 --> 01:44:15,400
screen instead it's going to give you
2710
01:44:16,800 --> 01:44:17,800
audio beeps that you can then
2711
01:44:21,119 --> 01:44:22,119
find a decoder for and figure out what
2712
01:44:22,719 --> 01:44:23,719
the problem is now one thing that's
2713
01:44:24,239 --> 01:44:25,239
important to know about these audio
2714
01:44:25,679 --> 01:44:26,679
beeps is that they differ from vendor to
2715
01:44:27,360 --> 01:44:28,360
vendor there's no sort of general
2716
01:44:29,440 --> 01:44:30,440
speaking three beeps equals that or two
2717
01:44:31,520 --> 01:44:32,520
short beeps equals that this is sort of
2718
01:44:33,440 --> 01:44:34,440
similar to like a
2719
01:44:35,600 --> 01:44:36,600
a a morse code kind of but but there's
2720
01:44:38,960 --> 01:44:39,960
no
2721
01:44:39,760 --> 01:44:40,760
um universal right so i use that as a
2722
01:44:42,159 --> 01:44:43,159
metaphor to describe how it's going to
2723
01:44:43,840 --> 01:44:44,840
talk it has short beeps and long beeps
2724
01:44:45,840 --> 01:44:46,840
but it is not a morse code in the same
2725
01:44:47,760 --> 01:44:48,760
way that it's going to spell out
2726
01:44:49,199 --> 01:44:50,199
something all right but again the way
2727
01:44:51,520 --> 01:44:52,520
the post notifies you is by a beep and
2728
01:44:53,920 --> 01:44:54,920
sometimes you might have heard that one
2729
01:44:55,840 --> 01:44:56,840
big beep uh when you start your computer
2730
01:44:58,480 --> 01:44:59,480
that's just telling you everything's
2731
01:44:59,920 --> 01:45:00,920
okay if you heard multiple beeps and
2732
01:45:02,000 --> 01:45:03,000
nothing showed on the screen you'd know
2733
01:45:03,600 --> 01:45:04,600
something was wrong and you could go to
2734
01:45:05,520 --> 01:45:06,520
your vendor manufacturer
2735
01:45:07,760 --> 01:45:08,760
guide and you can check out what the
2736
01:45:09,119 --> 01:45:10,119
beat means
2737
01:45:11,199 --> 01:45:12,199
so here's an example of a post chip on
2738
01:45:12,960 --> 01:45:13,960
an old system and you can see here
2739
01:45:14,639 --> 01:45:15,639
there's an l an led that'll tell you
2740
01:45:17,280 --> 01:45:18,280
sort of a number that you could look up
2741
01:45:19,280 --> 01:45:20,280
there's also light codes and other stuff
2742
01:45:21,760 --> 01:45:22,760
and there's actually
2743
01:45:23,520 --> 01:45:24,520
probably an audio sort of built into one
2744
01:45:26,239 --> 01:45:27,239
of these there's probably a little mini
2745
01:45:27,600 --> 01:45:28,600
speaker that would beep for you but
2746
01:45:29,840 --> 01:45:30,840
nowadays you we don't have a separate
2747
01:45:31,600 --> 01:45:32,600
chip for the post it's all sort of built
2748
01:45:33,440 --> 01:45:34,440
into the bios and you can see here what
2749
01:45:35,600 --> 01:45:36,600
it's actually doing is going through and
2750
01:45:37,360 --> 01:45:38,360
double checking all the information it's
2751
01:45:39,119 --> 01:45:40,119
finding
2752
01:45:40,480 --> 01:45:41,480
and then what would happen is you
2753
01:45:41,600 --> 01:45:42,600
generally get then like a big old beep
2754
01:45:44,080 --> 01:45:45,080
and that would tell you everything's
2755
01:45:45,520 --> 01:45:46,520
okay and you'd be ready to go and that's
2756
01:45:47,600 --> 01:45:48,600
the power on self-test
2757
01:45:50,880 --> 01:45:51,880
so we just talked about the bios the
2758
01:45:52,560 --> 01:45:53,560
basic input output system the very first
2759
01:45:54,800 --> 01:45:55,800
thing that runs when i boot up the
2760
01:45:56,400 --> 01:45:57,400
computer and what it does is it is
2761
01:45:58,400 --> 01:45:59,400
stored on the cmos chip the cmos chip is
2762
01:46:01,440 --> 01:46:02,440
powered by a battery because it is i'm
2763
01:46:03,440 --> 01:46:04,440
going to write that word out again
2764
01:46:05,040 --> 01:46:06,040
volatile
2765
01:46:07,679 --> 01:46:08,679
which is an important word
2766
01:46:09,920 --> 01:46:10,920
the post the power on self test is that
2767
01:46:12,560 --> 01:46:13,560
test that runs very first thing in the
2768
01:46:14,560 --> 01:46:15,560
bios and it sends information down to
2769
01:46:16,960 --> 01:46:17,960
the bios which then can send information
2770
01:46:18,719 --> 01:46:19,719
to the user in case something is wrong
2771
01:46:20,960 --> 01:46:21,960
now sometimes just like any piece of
2772
01:46:22,639 --> 01:46:23,639
software the bios is going to go out of
2773
01:46:24,560 --> 01:46:25,560
date and then we would need to upgrade
2774
01:46:26,800 --> 01:46:27,800
the bios
2775
01:46:28,000 --> 01:46:29,000
so
2776
01:46:29,040 --> 01:46:30,040
flashing the bios is erasing and
2777
01:46:32,080 --> 01:46:33,080
rewriting the bios firmware
2778
01:46:35,440 --> 01:46:36,440
now firmware is the persistent memory
2779
01:46:38,560 --> 01:46:39,560
and code stored in it
2780
01:46:40,480 --> 01:46:41,480
meaning that it's persistent it doesn't
2781
01:46:42,960 --> 01:46:43,960
change so that's why when you buy a
2782
01:46:45,760 --> 01:46:46,760
motherboard it has this bios firmware
2783
01:46:49,600 --> 01:46:50,600
built onto it it's not software it's not
2784
01:46:52,320 --> 01:46:53,320
soft right it's not hardware because
2785
01:46:54,480 --> 01:46:55,480
it's not um
2786
01:46:56,800 --> 01:46:57,800
software being sort of the the software
2787
01:46:59,440 --> 01:47:00,440
it's soft it doesn't really have a
2788
01:47:01,280 --> 01:47:02,280
physical shape hardware being something
2789
01:47:03,360 --> 01:47:04,360
that is hard that's physical firmware is
2790
01:47:05,679 --> 01:47:06,679
this sort of in between it's
2791
01:47:08,480 --> 01:47:09,480
memory that volatile memory that is
2792
01:47:10,960 --> 01:47:11,960
persistent and the code is always stored
2793
01:47:13,040 --> 01:47:14,040
in it so the firmware rather i should
2794
01:47:15,199 --> 01:47:16,199
say is non-volatile
2795
01:47:17,920 --> 01:47:18,920
right because every time i turn off the
2796
01:47:19,840 --> 01:47:20,840
system i still want the firmware to
2797
01:47:22,320 --> 01:47:23,320
remain i still want the first codes to
2798
01:47:24,080 --> 01:47:25,080
tell the computer search for something
2799
01:47:26,159 --> 01:47:27,159
right it then passes that temporary
2800
01:47:28,000 --> 01:47:29,000
information on it finds to the volatile
2801
01:47:30,000 --> 01:47:31,000
memory of the cmos but the firmware is
2802
01:47:32,880 --> 01:47:33,880
it doesn't change it's persistent and as
2803
01:47:35,119 --> 01:47:36,119
a result we need to flash the new
2804
01:47:38,080 --> 01:47:39,080
firmware onto the circuit meaning when i
2805
01:47:40,800 --> 01:47:41,800
upgraded i'm not just installing or
2806
01:47:42,560 --> 01:47:43,560
overwriting something i'm literally
2807
01:47:44,320 --> 01:47:45,320
erasing the instinct the computer has
2808
01:47:47,119 --> 01:47:48,119
when it starts
2809
01:47:48,480 --> 01:47:49,480
and replacing it with a brand new
2810
01:47:51,119 --> 01:47:52,119
instinct
2811
01:47:52,239 --> 01:47:53,239
and so if something happens while i'm
2812
01:47:54,960 --> 01:47:55,960
flashing and that word flash it sort of
2813
01:47:57,600 --> 01:47:58,600
has that idea that there is no moving
2814
01:48:00,000 --> 01:48:01,000
parts right it's all electronic which is
2815
01:48:02,400 --> 01:48:03,400
why it has that flash and you might
2816
01:48:03,760 --> 01:48:04,760
recognize the word from say a flash
2817
01:48:05,520 --> 01:48:06,520
drive
2818
01:48:06,480 --> 01:48:07,480
which also has no moving parts but when
2819
01:48:08,639 --> 01:48:09,639
you flash new data onto persistent
2820
01:48:11,679 --> 01:48:12,679
memory you're erasing the old instinct
2821
01:48:13,920 --> 01:48:14,920
replacing with the new one if something
2822
01:48:16,000 --> 01:48:17,000
happens during the process then
2823
01:48:19,360 --> 01:48:20,360
like you lose power then you've
2824
01:48:20,880 --> 01:48:21,880
basically done what we call
2825
01:48:24,880 --> 01:48:25,880
bricking the system meaning you've just
2826
01:48:26,880 --> 01:48:27,880
turned your very expensive computer into
2827
01:48:28,560 --> 01:48:29,560
a big old brick that is now no good for
2828
01:48:31,679 --> 01:48:32,679
anything uh anyone who's been in the
2829
01:48:33,760 --> 01:48:34,760
industry for a while has at some point
2830
01:48:35,840 --> 01:48:36,840
lost power while flashing and you have
2831
01:48:38,159 --> 01:48:39,159
bricked a very expensive piece of
2832
01:48:39,920 --> 01:48:40,920
equipment so this basically renders your
2833
01:48:42,080 --> 01:48:43,080
equipment unusable so it's very
2834
01:48:44,480 --> 01:48:45,480
important that you only flash the bios
2835
01:48:47,040 --> 01:48:48,040
if absolutely necessary for instance if
2836
01:48:50,239 --> 01:48:51,239
you have a new feature that you need on
2837
01:48:52,320 --> 01:48:53,320
your motherboard
2838
01:48:53,600 --> 01:48:54,600
that can only be enabled through the
2839
01:48:55,679 --> 01:48:56,679
firmware software upgrade
2840
01:48:58,719 --> 01:48:59,719
so here's an example of a screen that
2841
01:49:00,639 --> 01:49:01,639
while a
2842
01:49:01,679 --> 01:49:02,679
firmware update is going on while the
2843
01:49:03,280 --> 01:49:04,280
flash is going on and it asks you do you
2844
01:49:05,440 --> 01:49:06,440
want to update the adapter firmware you
2845
01:49:07,440 --> 01:49:08,440
say yes it then identifies it
2846
01:49:10,320 --> 01:49:11,320
erases
2847
01:49:11,679 --> 01:49:12,679
the original firmware and then updates
2848
01:49:13,840 --> 01:49:14,840
the new one so where you get this is the
2849
01:49:16,239 --> 01:49:17,239
internet you go on the internet and you
2850
01:49:18,000 --> 01:49:19,000
search for the new firmware
2851
01:49:20,560 --> 01:49:21,560
you then
2852
01:49:21,840 --> 01:49:22,840
download it
2853
01:49:23,360 --> 01:49:24,360
onto a bootable device
2854
01:49:25,760 --> 01:49:26,760
bootable device meaning that the
2855
01:49:27,520 --> 01:49:28,520
computer can boot off of it so what
2856
01:49:29,679 --> 01:49:30,679
would happen is you turn on the computer
2857
01:49:31,520 --> 01:49:32,520
the computer runs that bio self-test it
2858
01:49:33,760 --> 01:49:34,760
then finds say a usb drive that is
2859
01:49:36,239 --> 01:49:37,239
bootable
2860
01:49:38,080 --> 01:49:39,080
it recognizes the new software on it
2861
01:49:40,000 --> 01:49:41,000
that's going to upgrade and then it goes
2862
01:49:41,760 --> 01:49:42,760
through this upgrade right here
2863
01:49:44,480 --> 01:49:45,480
once you've upgraded it you restart
2864
01:49:47,920 --> 01:49:48,920
and you're good to go
2865
01:49:50,800 --> 01:49:51,800
here's another version of the
2866
01:49:53,040 --> 01:49:54,040
bios flash bios rom utility so rom
2867
01:49:57,040 --> 01:49:58,040
being that uh that non-volatile memory
2868
01:49:59,520 --> 01:50:00,520
that firmware that we're gonna upgrade
2869
01:50:01,040 --> 01:50:02,040
it's another word for it we'll talk
2870
01:50:02,080 --> 01:50:03,080
about that when we get into memory
2871
01:50:04,239 --> 01:50:05,239
uh and it's just this is just sort of
2872
01:50:06,239 --> 01:50:07,239
designating where the firmware is gonna
2873
01:50:08,159 --> 01:50:09,159
go
2874
01:50:10,239 --> 01:50:11,239
and finally here's another one and you
2875
01:50:11,679 --> 01:50:12,679
can see it
2876
01:50:12,800 --> 01:50:13,800
this is actually running off of a floppy
2877
01:50:14,480 --> 01:50:15,480
disk so this is an older firmware
2878
01:50:16,320 --> 01:50:17,320
upgrade you can sort of see it upgrading
2879
01:50:18,080 --> 01:50:19,080
with the blue and the white as we're
2880
01:50:20,000 --> 01:50:21,000
going
2881
01:50:23,520 --> 01:50:24,520
so now we've talked about upgrading or
2882
01:50:25,520 --> 01:50:26,520
flashing the bios and that's by the way
2883
01:50:27,440 --> 01:50:28,440
flashing a bios it's not just going to
2884
01:50:28,960 --> 01:50:29,960
happen on a motherboard but on any
2885
01:50:30,800 --> 01:50:31,800
device that has uh power going to it for
2886
01:50:33,599 --> 01:50:34,599
the first time such as a printer
2887
01:50:35,679 --> 01:50:36,679
um
2888
01:50:36,560 --> 01:50:37,560
your phone has bios on it because it is
2889
01:50:38,639 --> 01:50:39,639
a mini computer uh routers have bios on
2890
01:50:41,760 --> 01:50:42,760
them that you firmware on them that need
2891
01:50:43,520 --> 01:50:44,520
to sort of run
2892
01:50:45,040 --> 01:50:46,040
so uh now let's talk about some of the
2893
01:50:46,639 --> 01:50:47,639
configurations we set in the bios
2894
01:50:50,080 --> 01:50:51,080
so when we get uh start the computer you
2895
01:50:52,320 --> 01:50:53,320
generally see something like this which
2896
01:50:54,560 --> 01:50:55,560
will tell you you can press a certain
2897
01:50:56,080 --> 01:50:57,080
button sometimes it's delete or f2 and
2898
01:50:58,800 --> 01:50:59,800
that'll enter the setup and the setup is
2899
01:51:00,639 --> 01:51:01,639
sort of the area where you can configure
2900
01:51:02,480 --> 01:51:03,480
the bios
2901
01:51:04,320 --> 01:51:05,320
now one of the settings that you can set
2902
01:51:05,840 --> 01:51:06,840
is the time and date now generally this
2903
01:51:08,239 --> 01:51:09,239
the first time we set this we set it and
2904
01:51:10,080 --> 01:51:11,080
then we like it to sort of stay the way
2905
01:51:12,000 --> 01:51:13,000
it is but don't forget that we're using
2906
01:51:14,960 --> 01:51:15,960
non-volatile uh non sorry
2907
01:51:18,239 --> 01:51:19,239
but don't forget we're using volatile
2908
01:51:20,159 --> 01:51:21,159
memory
2909
01:51:21,199 --> 01:51:22,199
meaning that when the power goes off so
2910
01:51:23,679 --> 01:51:24,679
does the date and time so this is kept
2911
01:51:26,400 --> 01:51:27,400
current by the battery
2912
01:51:28,159 --> 01:51:29,159
so one thing you'll see on the test
2913
01:51:30,400 --> 01:51:31,400
if the battery dies the date and time
2914
01:51:34,159 --> 01:51:35,159
will constantly reset which makes sense
2915
01:51:36,239 --> 01:51:37,239
right because now there's no power to
2916
01:51:38,320 --> 01:51:39,320
maintain that cmos chip so this is
2917
01:51:40,719 --> 01:51:41,719
important if the battery dies
2918
01:51:43,280 --> 01:51:44,280
the date and time will reset so if you
2919
01:51:44,880 --> 01:51:45,880
get a question asking you why is the
2920
01:51:46,639 --> 01:51:47,639
battery why is the date and time
2921
01:51:48,320 --> 01:51:49,320
constantly resetting it's probably
2922
01:51:50,080 --> 01:51:51,080
because the battery is dead
2923
01:51:53,040 --> 01:51:54,040
we also can set the boot device priority
2924
01:51:55,440 --> 01:51:56,440
and this tells the bios which device to
2925
01:51:57,520 --> 01:51:58,520
boot from first so for instance we were
2926
01:51:59,520 --> 01:52:00,520
just talking about flashing the bios and
2927
01:52:01,599 --> 01:52:02,599
we mentioned that you might want to boot
2928
01:52:03,840 --> 01:52:04,840
off of a usb drive well you tell the
2929
01:52:06,400 --> 01:52:07,400
bios what devices to look for in what
2930
01:52:08,960 --> 01:52:09,960
order
2931
01:52:09,920 --> 01:52:10,920
so for instance here is an example of
2932
01:52:12,400 --> 01:52:13,400
some boot device settings and you can
2933
01:52:14,639 --> 01:52:15,639
see right here it's giving us an order
2934
01:52:16,800 --> 01:52:17,800
for the boot device so the first thing
2935
01:52:18,320 --> 01:52:19,320
it's going to do is it's going to look
2936
01:52:19,280 --> 01:52:20,280
at the floppy drive in this case this
2937
01:52:21,199 --> 01:52:22,199
computer has a floppy most computers
2938
01:52:23,280 --> 01:52:24,280
don't know it is which is why they're no
2939
01:52:24,639 --> 01:52:25,639
longer covered on the a plus exam
2940
01:52:27,280 --> 01:52:28,280
but it used to be you could boot off a
2941
01:52:28,880 --> 01:52:29,880
floppy drive and that's how you would
2942
01:52:30,400 --> 01:52:31,400
get into the system if you needed to do
2943
01:52:31,599 --> 01:52:32,599
diagnostics if it didn't recognize a
2944
01:52:33,760 --> 01:52:34,760
floppy disk then you'd probably go over
2945
01:52:35,440 --> 01:52:36,440
to a hard drive now in this case look at
2946
01:52:38,000 --> 01:52:39,000
the cd drive as the third item it's
2947
01:52:39,760 --> 01:52:40,760
going to boot from so if you're trying
2948
01:52:41,520 --> 01:52:42,520
to boot off of a cd or dvd for instance
2949
01:52:44,639 --> 01:52:45,639
let's say to upgrade windows and you put
2950
01:52:46,960 --> 01:52:47,960
that cd drive in or you put that cd in
2951
01:52:49,119 --> 01:52:50,119
your cd drive and you boot up the
2952
01:52:50,560 --> 01:52:51,560
computer it's still going to go straight
2953
01:52:52,400 --> 01:52:53,400
to
2954
01:52:53,280 --> 01:52:54,280
your windows because it's looking at the
2955
01:52:54,639 --> 01:52:55,639
hard drive before the cd drive so what
2956
01:52:56,960 --> 01:52:57,960
you'd want to do is actually move this
2957
01:52:58,560 --> 01:52:59,560
device up here to second
2958
01:53:03,119 --> 01:53:04,119
we can also set a password in the bios
2959
01:53:05,280 --> 01:53:06,280
which is something we want to be very
2960
01:53:06,480 --> 01:53:07,480
careful about this isn't like setting a
2961
01:53:09,040 --> 01:53:10,040
password in your operating system this
2962
01:53:11,840 --> 01:53:12,840
is setting a password in the bios the
2963
01:53:14,000 --> 01:53:15,000
main software that makes the motherboard
2964
01:53:16,480 --> 01:53:17,480
start so if you forget your password
2965
01:53:19,599 --> 01:53:20,599
you're sort of in trouble unless of
2966
01:53:21,679 --> 01:53:22,679
course your motherboard happens to have
2967
01:53:23,440 --> 01:53:24,440
that cmos battery on it because that
2968
01:53:25,679 --> 01:53:26,679
means that the cmos
2969
01:53:27,840 --> 01:53:28,840
is maintaining that password
2970
01:53:30,080 --> 01:53:31,080
via the power in that battery so one way
2971
01:53:33,040 --> 01:53:34,040
to reset the password is to take out
2972
01:53:35,920 --> 01:53:36,920
this battery and restart the computer
2973
01:53:38,560 --> 01:53:39,560
another way you can do it is actually
2974
01:53:40,239 --> 01:53:41,239
right here this thing is called a jumper
2975
01:53:43,119 --> 01:53:44,119
let me write that over here and it's a
2976
01:53:44,800 --> 01:53:45,800
jumper because that little blue thing
2977
01:53:46,960 --> 01:53:47,960
has some metal in it and you see this
2978
01:53:49,119 --> 01:53:50,119
there's one little metal stick right
2979
01:53:50,800 --> 01:53:51,800
here and what happens is the metal
2980
01:53:53,119 --> 01:53:54,119
inside of this stick connects two of
2981
01:53:55,840 --> 01:53:56,840
these
2982
01:53:57,440 --> 01:53:58,440
pins together and it creates a circuit
2983
01:54:00,000 --> 01:54:01,000
so when i take this jumper off it
2984
01:54:02,080 --> 01:54:03,080
actually resets the circuit and by doing
2985
01:54:05,280 --> 01:54:06,280
that i can also reset the password so
2986
01:54:07,520 --> 01:54:08,520
the two ways we can reset the password
2987
01:54:09,280 --> 01:54:10,280
or either by
2988
01:54:10,480 --> 01:54:11,480
the jumper or by replacing
2989
01:54:14,719 --> 01:54:15,719
the battery
2990
01:54:18,159 --> 01:54:19,159
now we're going to talk more about power
2991
01:54:19,840 --> 01:54:20,840
management later when we get into the
2992
01:54:21,119 --> 01:54:22,119
operating system but it's important to
2993
01:54:22,719 --> 01:54:23,719
know that some of the power management
2994
01:54:24,159 --> 01:54:25,159
features we'll talk about require bio
2995
01:54:26,560 --> 01:54:27,560
support so your computer can't just
2996
01:54:28,719 --> 01:54:29,719
hibernate or sleep if the bios does not
2997
01:54:31,599 --> 01:54:32,599
support it so it's important to realize
2998
01:54:33,920 --> 01:54:34,920
that if you want your computer won't
2999
01:54:35,760 --> 01:54:36,760
hibernate for instance it might be
3000
01:54:37,119 --> 01:54:38,119
because your bios needs to be flashed to
3001
01:54:38,880 --> 01:54:39,880
the newest version or your motherboard
3002
01:54:40,800 --> 01:54:41,800
just doesn't support it in general
3003
01:54:43,840 --> 01:54:44,840
this is the same with virtualization now
3004
01:54:46,199 --> 01:54:47,199
virtualization must also be supported by
3005
01:54:48,719 --> 01:54:49,719
the bios now if you don't know what
3006
01:54:50,080 --> 01:54:51,080
virtualization is it's a word we're
3007
01:54:51,440 --> 01:54:52,440
going to see pop up again and again on
3008
01:54:53,119 --> 01:54:54,119
this a plus test because it is the new
3009
01:54:56,000 --> 01:54:57,000
um
3010
01:54:56,880 --> 01:54:57,880
it is sort of the new major thing that
3011
01:54:58,880 --> 01:54:59,880
we're seeing in all
3012
01:55:00,159 --> 01:55:01,159
in computers nowadays and what it
3013
01:55:02,080 --> 01:55:03,080
basically means is i have one hardware
3014
01:55:04,480 --> 01:55:05,480
computer i'm just going to draw a box
3015
01:55:06,080 --> 01:55:07,080
here to represent that
3016
01:55:07,599 --> 01:55:08,599
and on it i can have several virtual
3017
01:55:10,239 --> 01:55:11,239
computers
3018
01:55:12,159 --> 01:55:13,159
so for instance i have one big computer
3019
01:55:17,199 --> 01:55:18,199
but i have three computers virtually on
3020
01:55:20,000 --> 01:55:21,000
that so let's say i have an xp computer
3021
01:55:21,920 --> 01:55:22,920
and maybe i have a linux box and then i
3022
01:55:24,400 --> 01:55:25,400
have a windows 7 computer and all of
3023
01:55:26,880 --> 01:55:27,880
these are not physical these are
3024
01:55:29,199 --> 01:55:30,199
virtual computers running on one big
3025
01:55:32,000 --> 01:55:33,000
physical
3026
01:55:33,119 --> 01:55:34,119
computer and you can see
3027
01:55:35,040 --> 01:55:36,040
my drawing skills are not so great but
3028
01:55:37,920 --> 01:55:38,920
just pretend that is a computer all
3029
01:55:40,159 --> 01:55:41,159
right but again it this needs to be
3030
01:55:42,239 --> 01:55:43,239
supported by the bios
3031
01:55:45,760 --> 01:55:46,760
wake on lan is a feature which allows
3032
01:55:47,440 --> 01:55:48,440
the computer to be woken up through a
3033
01:55:50,239 --> 01:55:51,239
network message and lan this comes from
3034
01:55:53,520 --> 01:55:54,520
local area network which is something we
3035
01:55:55,920 --> 01:55:56,920
will talk about when we get into
3036
01:55:57,520 --> 01:55:58,520
networking more
3037
01:55:59,520 --> 01:56:00,520
but this is a feature that allows
3038
01:56:01,679 --> 01:56:02,679
through the network you to wake up the
3039
01:56:03,280 --> 01:56:04,280
computer and this might be done in case
3040
01:56:05,520 --> 01:56:06,520
of a you have a server
3041
01:56:07,520 --> 01:56:08,520
that you want to wake up remotely and so
3042
01:56:10,159 --> 01:56:11,159
this is just an important feature that
3043
01:56:12,000 --> 01:56:13,000
is
3044
01:56:12,800 --> 01:56:13,800
on the bios and you need to enable it if
3045
01:56:14,960 --> 01:56:15,960
you want to use it
3046
01:56:17,360 --> 01:56:18,360
the bios also monitors several different
3047
01:56:19,199 --> 01:56:20,199
things including
3048
01:56:22,000 --> 01:56:23,000
temperature which is important because
3049
01:56:23,599 --> 01:56:24,599
we're going to deal with heat a lot and
3050
01:56:25,280 --> 01:56:26,280
the bios needs to know how hot the
3051
01:56:26,960 --> 01:56:27,960
computer is getting so that it can turn
3052
01:56:29,199 --> 01:56:30,199
itself off before damaging itself just
3053
01:56:31,360 --> 01:56:32,360
in case
3054
01:56:32,800 --> 01:56:33,800
it's also going to look at fan speed
3055
01:56:34,239 --> 01:56:35,239
again related to temperature if the fan
3056
01:56:36,239 --> 01:56:37,239
speeds are going too fast or too slow
3057
01:56:38,159 --> 01:56:39,159
there's probably a problem and so it
3058
01:56:39,920 --> 01:56:40,920
needs to recognize that there's also
3059
01:56:42,400 --> 01:56:43,400
intrusion detection now this is an
3060
01:56:44,320 --> 01:56:45,320
important one i've seen it pop up in the
3061
01:56:45,599 --> 01:56:46,599
test time and time again intrusion
3062
01:56:47,360 --> 01:56:48,360
detection is actually an old bios
3063
01:56:49,199 --> 01:56:50,199
feature i don't see it very much anymore
3064
01:56:52,159 --> 01:56:53,159
but
3065
01:56:52,960 --> 01:56:53,960
it doesn't it does not relate to viruses
3066
01:56:56,400 --> 01:56:57,400
and it doesn't relate to hacking okay so
3067
01:56:58,480 --> 01:56:59,480
this is uh
3068
01:56:59,920 --> 01:57:00,920
this is not what that has to do with at
3069
01:57:01,840 --> 01:57:02,840
all what it has to do with actually is
3070
01:57:03,520 --> 01:57:04,520
someone physically opening the computer
3071
01:57:05,760 --> 01:57:06,760
which is something that we're probably
3072
01:57:07,520 --> 01:57:08,520
more worried about 15 years ago than we
3073
01:57:09,520 --> 01:57:10,520
are now and it's a holdover so what
3074
01:57:11,679 --> 01:57:12,679
would happen is if you had opened the
3075
01:57:13,119 --> 01:57:14,119
computer or someone had opened the
3076
01:57:14,239 --> 01:57:15,239
computer the next time you booted up the
3077
01:57:16,320 --> 01:57:17,320
bios or the post would tell you um
3078
01:57:19,679 --> 01:57:20,679
intrusion detection someone has a you
3079
01:57:21,520 --> 01:57:22,520
know
3080
01:57:22,239 --> 01:57:23,239
intruder detected which basically just
3081
01:57:23,760 --> 01:57:24,760
meant someone had opened the computer at
3082
01:57:25,440 --> 01:57:26,440
some point
3083
01:57:27,040 --> 01:57:28,040
finally it's also going to monitor
3084
01:57:28,719 --> 01:57:29,719
voltage which again is related to the
3085
01:57:31,119 --> 01:57:32,119
fan speeds and the temperature and we'll
3086
01:57:32,400 --> 01:57:33,400
talk more about voltage when we get into
3087
01:57:34,560 --> 01:57:35,560
power supplies
3088
01:57:37,599 --> 01:57:38,599
it's also going to look at the clock and
3089
01:57:39,760 --> 01:57:40,760
this is not just the clock as far as
3090
01:57:41,920 --> 01:57:42,920
time but also speeds
3091
01:57:43,920 --> 01:57:44,920
and um
3092
01:57:45,360 --> 01:57:46,360
it's also looking at bus speed which is
3093
01:57:48,000 --> 01:57:49,000
the speed that the cpu
3094
01:57:50,080 --> 01:57:51,080
how fast the cpu can get and we will
3095
01:57:51,679 --> 01:57:52,679
talk
3096
01:57:52,400 --> 01:57:53,400
more about cpu bus speeds when we get
3097
01:57:54,480 --> 01:57:55,480
into the next uh video section on cpus
3098
01:57:57,440 --> 01:57:58,440
or the processor
3099
01:57:59,119 --> 01:58:00,119
all right
3100
01:58:00,960 --> 01:58:01,960
so now we've talked about configuring
3101
01:58:02,880 --> 01:58:03,880
the bios and all the different settings
3102
01:58:05,520 --> 01:58:06,520
that that has to do with
3103
01:58:07,199 --> 01:58:08,199
so i want to quickly just go over
3104
01:58:08,800 --> 01:58:09,800
everything we've talked about in this
3105
01:58:10,159 --> 01:58:11,159
video
3106
01:58:11,119 --> 01:58:12,119
so we have a
3107
01:58:12,400 --> 01:58:13,400
we can leave you with sort of one last
3108
01:58:13,920 --> 01:58:14,920
repetition okay we talked about the bios
3109
01:58:16,639 --> 01:58:17,639
this is the first thing that starts this
3110
01:58:19,119 --> 01:58:20,119
is sort of what i call the uh nature of
3111
01:58:21,920 --> 01:58:22,920
the computer right if we're talking
3112
01:58:23,199 --> 01:58:24,199
about nature versus nurture for a human
3113
01:58:25,360 --> 01:58:26,360
being nurture would be sort of what your
3114
01:58:27,599 --> 01:58:28,599
parents teach you nature is what you're
3115
01:58:29,599 --> 01:58:30,599
born with and this is what the computer
3116
01:58:31,360 --> 01:58:32,360
is born with it is what it needs in
3117
01:58:33,199 --> 01:58:34,199
order to start up
3118
01:58:34,719 --> 01:58:35,719
the cmos is the chip
3119
01:58:37,040 --> 01:58:38,040
that contains the bios it is volatile
3120
01:58:40,159 --> 01:58:41,159
let's write that word out here again
3121
01:58:41,679 --> 01:58:42,679
because that's an important one meaning
3122
01:58:43,920 --> 01:58:44,920
that uh
3123
01:58:45,679 --> 01:58:46,679
the memory will reset itself whenever
3124
01:58:49,040 --> 01:58:50,040
power is gone and therefore we need to
3125
01:58:51,199 --> 01:58:52,199
have a battery
3126
01:58:52,719 --> 01:58:53,719
to provide power so that certain
3127
01:58:54,800 --> 01:58:55,800
information such as the date and time
3128
01:58:56,480 --> 01:58:57,480
and the password don't get lost
3129
01:58:58,719 --> 01:58:59,719
we also talked about the post the power
3130
01:59:00,400 --> 01:59:01,400
on self test which is the first thing
3131
01:59:02,560 --> 01:59:03,560
that runs when the bios starts up and it
3132
01:59:05,440 --> 01:59:06,440
is a let's put that that test and it
3133
01:59:07,840 --> 01:59:08,840
generally is going to notify you
3134
01:59:09,920 --> 01:59:10,920
via beeps
3135
01:59:12,000 --> 01:59:13,000
finally we talked about
3136
01:59:13,599 --> 01:59:14,599
flashing the bios and flashing the bios
3137
01:59:16,080 --> 01:59:17,080
that's like updating it except it's a
3138
01:59:18,400 --> 01:59:19,400
much more
3139
01:59:19,520 --> 01:59:20,520
uh
3140
01:59:22,239 --> 01:59:23,239
root sort of way of updating the bios
3141
01:59:25,040 --> 01:59:26,040
and if something happens in the middle
3142
01:59:26,719 --> 01:59:27,719
of flashing you've just done what's
3143
01:59:28,960 --> 01:59:29,960
called bricking your system
3144
01:59:31,760 --> 01:59:32,760
turn into a large brick
3145
01:59:34,000 --> 01:59:35,000
we also talked about configuring the
3146
01:59:35,440 --> 01:59:36,440
bios and remember usually there's a a
3147
01:59:37,760 --> 01:59:38,760
setting that says like you know you
3148
01:59:39,679 --> 01:59:40,679
enter d e l you know hit your delete
3149
01:59:41,679 --> 01:59:42,679
button or f2 to enter setup
3150
01:59:44,719 --> 01:59:45,719
we talked about time and date and how if
3151
01:59:47,520 --> 01:59:48,520
your
3152
01:59:48,320 --> 01:59:49,320
battery is going right if the battery
3153
01:59:51,119 --> 01:59:52,119
begins to go this is not going to stay
3154
01:59:53,360 --> 01:59:54,360
up to date
3155
01:59:54,560 --> 01:59:55,560
we also got boot device priority which
3156
01:59:56,719 --> 01:59:57,719
is determining if you want to let your
3157
01:59:58,000 --> 01:59:59,000
cd drive or your usb
3158
02:00:00,320 --> 02:00:01,320
or your hard drive boot first
3159
02:00:03,440 --> 02:00:04,440
we talked about the password and how
3160
02:00:05,440 --> 02:00:06,440
again you can reset that using the
3161
02:00:07,440 --> 02:00:08,440
battery you can also reset it
3162
02:00:10,320 --> 02:00:11,320
using jumpers
3163
02:00:12,639 --> 02:00:13,639
power management and virtualization the
3164
02:00:14,880 --> 02:00:15,880
important thing to know here is they
3165
02:00:16,719 --> 02:00:17,719
must be set in the bios they must be
3166
02:00:18,880 --> 02:00:19,880
enabled in the vios
3167
02:00:20,719 --> 02:00:21,719
for them to be enabled on the operating
3168
02:00:22,480 --> 02:00:23,480
system
3169
02:00:23,760 --> 02:00:24,760
we also talked about wake on lan lan
3170
02:00:26,560 --> 02:00:27,560
being a network and so this allows you
3171
02:00:28,480 --> 02:00:29,480
to wake up the computer over the network
3172
02:00:30,880 --> 02:00:31,880
remotely
3173
02:00:32,320 --> 02:00:33,320
and finally we talked about the fact
3174
02:00:33,840 --> 02:00:34,840
that the bios monitors certain things
3175
02:00:36,400 --> 02:00:37,400
such as the cpu speed
3176
02:00:38,560 --> 02:00:39,560
bus speed and heat
3177
02:00:41,119 --> 02:00:42,119
all right so now that we've talked about
3178
02:00:42,880 --> 02:00:43,880
all of this stuff having to do with the
3179
02:00:44,159 --> 02:00:45,159
bios and the motherboard uh i want to go
3180
02:00:46,960 --> 02:00:47,960
into the next component it's component
3181
02:00:48,960 --> 02:00:49,960
that goes onto the motherboard so we'll
3182
02:00:50,480 --> 02:00:51,480
see a little overlap here but
3183
02:00:51,920 --> 02:00:52,920
specifically i want to talk about the
3184
02:00:53,360 --> 02:00:54,360
cpu the central processing unit the
3185
02:00:56,080 --> 02:00:57,080
brain of the computer
3186
02:01:01,820 --> 02:01:02,820
[Music]
3187
02:01:22,159 --> 02:01:23,159
cpu
3188
02:01:23,520 --> 02:01:24,520
technology and characteristics
3189
02:01:26,639 --> 02:01:27,639
now that we've discussed the spinal cord
3190
02:01:29,040 --> 02:01:30,040
of the computer the motherboard or the
3191
02:01:31,360 --> 02:01:32,360
system board i want to talk about the
3192
02:01:33,679 --> 02:01:34,679
brain of the computer the cpu and i want
3193
02:01:36,800 --> 02:01:37,800
to begin by talking about the technology
3194
02:01:39,280 --> 02:01:40,280
of a cpu and some of the characteristics
3195
02:01:41,599 --> 02:01:42,599
that make up different cpus you're going
3196
02:01:43,520 --> 02:01:44,520
to see on the exam
3197
02:01:45,280 --> 02:01:46,280
so first we're going to talk about the
3198
02:01:47,119 --> 02:01:48,119
technology of a cpu by giving you an
3199
02:01:49,440 --> 02:01:50,440
overview of what the cpu is
3200
02:01:51,840 --> 02:01:52,840
talk about some of the brands that are
3201
02:01:53,520 --> 02:01:54,520
out there
3202
02:01:54,800 --> 02:01:55,800
uh the clock rate and the clock speed
3203
02:01:57,199 --> 02:01:58,199
which are somewhat different
3204
02:01:59,360 --> 02:02:00,360
we're also going to talk about the
3205
02:02:00,560 --> 02:02:01,560
difference between an external and an
3206
02:02:02,320 --> 02:02:03,320
internal clock speed and how those
3207
02:02:04,400 --> 02:02:05,400
affect the cpu and how you can do what's
3208
02:02:07,119 --> 02:02:08,119
called overclocking to make your cpu
3209
02:02:09,920 --> 02:02:10,920
your processor run faster than
3210
02:02:13,360 --> 02:02:14,360
it's actually built for
3211
02:02:15,199 --> 02:02:16,199
we're also going to talk about some of
3212
02:02:16,480 --> 02:02:17,480
the characteristics of different cpus
3213
02:02:19,199 --> 02:02:20,199
including the cash
3214
02:02:21,040 --> 02:02:22,040
that's not money as in money cash but
3215
02:02:23,440 --> 02:02:24,440
cash uh size and type
3216
02:02:26,880 --> 02:02:27,880
we're also going to talk about a
3217
02:02:28,400 --> 02:02:29,400
technology called or rather a
3218
02:02:30,080 --> 02:02:31,080
characteristic called hyper threading
3219
02:02:33,119 --> 02:02:34,119
multi-core cpus
3220
02:02:35,760 --> 02:02:36,760
the architecture of cpus whether the 32
3221
02:02:38,320 --> 02:02:39,320
or 64-bit which is something you might
3222
02:02:40,239 --> 02:02:41,239
have seen on some software packages and
3223
02:02:42,880 --> 02:02:43,880
finally we'll talk about virtualization
3224
02:02:45,280 --> 02:02:46,280
and something called the integrated gpu
3225
02:02:48,400 --> 02:02:49,400
which is similar to cpus
3226
02:02:51,119 --> 02:02:52,119
except specifically for graphics
3227
02:02:54,400 --> 02:02:55,400
so first what is a cpu well the cpu is
3228
02:02:58,000 --> 02:02:59,000
the central processing unit
3229
02:03:00,800 --> 02:03:01,800
it's the brain of the computer and as a
3230
02:03:03,440 --> 02:03:04,440
result it's the most expensive and the
3231
02:03:05,679 --> 02:03:06,679
most important component
3232
02:03:07,840 --> 02:03:08,840
that's because it executes all the
3233
02:03:10,400 --> 02:03:11,400
instructions that come from just about
3234
02:03:12,880 --> 02:03:13,880
any other part of the computer
3235
02:03:14,400 --> 02:03:15,400
so it basically allows the computer to
3236
02:03:16,480 --> 02:03:17,480
run without it the computer cannot work
3237
02:03:19,440 --> 02:03:20,440
because it cannot think
3238
02:03:22,400 --> 02:03:23,400
it must be compatible with the
3239
02:03:24,560 --> 02:03:25,560
motherboard now this is really important
3240
02:03:26,639 --> 02:03:27,639
you can't just go buy a cpu and then buy
3241
02:03:30,400 --> 02:03:31,400
a motherboard and expect the work there
3242
02:03:32,080 --> 02:03:33,080
are a couple different
3243
02:03:33,679 --> 02:03:34,679
things we have to check for and we'll
3244
02:03:35,599 --> 02:03:36,599
talk about what are called uh sockets
3245
02:03:37,920 --> 02:03:38,920
later on which is the physical
3246
02:03:39,840 --> 02:03:40,840
connection of the cpu to the motherboard
3247
02:03:42,880 --> 02:03:43,880
but the chipset also needs to be
3248
02:03:44,480 --> 02:03:45,480
compatible with the central processing
3249
02:03:46,560 --> 02:03:47,560
unit the cpu its speed etc etc
3250
02:03:50,239 --> 02:03:51,239
so uh it's important that when you
3251
02:03:52,000 --> 02:03:53,000
purchase a cpu you make sure that you
3252
02:03:54,239 --> 02:03:55,239
purchase a compatible motherboard which
3253
02:03:56,560 --> 02:03:57,560
would generally be listed someplace on
3254
02:03:58,320 --> 02:03:59,320
the packaging
3255
02:04:00,800 --> 02:04:01,800
now there are several different brands
3256
02:04:02,560 --> 02:04:03,560
of cpus out there and here you can see a
3257
02:04:05,920 --> 02:04:06,920
a picture of a couple different ones the
3258
02:04:07,679 --> 02:04:08,679
two biggest brands that you're going to
3259
02:04:09,280 --> 02:04:10,280
see out on the market and this is the
3260
02:04:10,719 --> 02:04:11,719
same with the chipsets are amd
3261
02:04:13,679 --> 02:04:14,679
and intel now again you might see other
3262
02:04:16,639 --> 02:04:17,639
companies building the internals of this
3263
02:04:19,040 --> 02:04:20,040
or sometimes the externals
3264
02:04:21,040 --> 02:04:22,040
however intel and amd are the two major
3265
02:04:24,320 --> 02:04:25,320
brands out there and they each make a
3266
02:04:26,880 --> 02:04:27,880
different uh flavors of um
3267
02:04:30,560 --> 02:04:31,560
and they each make different types of
3268
02:04:32,079 --> 02:04:33,079
cpus depending on the needs not just
3269
02:04:34,079 --> 02:04:35,079
speed but also the in internal and
3270
02:04:37,040 --> 02:04:38,040
what's really interesting actually is
3271
02:04:38,719 --> 02:04:39,719
this the cpu itself is actually really
3272
02:04:41,040 --> 02:04:42,040
small it's housed inside of this uh case
3273
02:04:44,079 --> 02:04:45,079
and it's probably about this big if not
3274
02:04:45,840 --> 02:04:46,840
smaller and it's a piece of glass
3275
02:04:47,920 --> 02:04:48,920
that has a whole bunch of circuits
3276
02:04:49,520 --> 02:04:50,520
etched onto it that allow it to work at
3277
02:04:51,440 --> 02:04:52,440
a certain speed
3278
02:04:53,040 --> 02:04:54,040
and it's actually a very complex thing
3279
02:04:55,360 --> 02:04:56,360
and
3280
02:04:57,840 --> 02:04:58,840
gets to a whole other side of sort of
3281
02:05:00,320 --> 02:05:01,320
technology and cpus but
3282
02:05:02,480 --> 02:05:03,480
for our knowledge for us in this uh for
3283
02:05:04,960 --> 02:05:05,960
the a plus exam all you really have to
3284
02:05:06,560 --> 02:05:07,560
know is intel and amd and that they are
3285
02:05:09,360 --> 02:05:10,360
the two manufacturers that make most of
3286
02:05:12,159 --> 02:05:13,159
the
3287
02:05:13,920 --> 02:05:14,920
cpus you're going to be dealing with
3288
02:05:16,960 --> 02:05:17,960
so let's talk about clock rate now when
3289
02:05:18,719 --> 02:05:19,719
you go to purchase
3290
02:05:20,400 --> 02:05:21,400
a cpu it's going to be identified by
3291
02:05:23,280 --> 02:05:24,280
something called a clock rate or clock
3292
02:05:24,719 --> 02:05:25,719
speed
3293
02:05:25,840 --> 02:05:26,840
the clock rate identifies the frequency
3294
02:05:28,480 --> 02:05:29,480
or the speed of the cpu and what it's
3295
02:05:31,280 --> 02:05:32,280
capable of achieving
3296
02:05:33,040 --> 02:05:34,040
so this is measured in hertz which is
3297
02:05:35,760 --> 02:05:36,760
cycles per second uh if you if you're
3298
02:05:38,719 --> 02:05:39,719
sort of an electronics geek uh this has
3299
02:05:41,040 --> 02:05:42,040
to do with sort of sine waves so i'm
3300
02:05:43,520 --> 02:05:44,520
just trying to draw a wave here right
3301
02:05:45,280 --> 02:05:46,280
and we have
3302
02:05:47,280 --> 02:05:48,280
sort of this access and you might have
3303
02:05:48,639 --> 02:05:49,639
seen this and basically a hertz measures
3304
02:05:51,119 --> 02:05:52,119
the amount of time that it takes to get
3305
02:05:52,960 --> 02:05:53,960
from one point to the next point
3306
02:05:55,360 --> 02:05:56,360
um
3307
02:05:56,560 --> 02:05:57,560
and most cpus today use gigahertz as
3308
02:05:59,920 --> 02:06:00,920
they're measuring and just to give you a
3309
02:06:02,000 --> 02:06:03,000
qualification of what that is that's
3310
02:06:03,440 --> 02:06:04,440
about 10 to the ninth hertz or one
3311
02:06:06,239 --> 02:06:07,239
trillion hertz so a gigahertz you think
3312
02:06:09,119 --> 02:06:10,119
about that compared to
3313
02:06:10,880 --> 02:06:11,880
megahertz or to just playing on hertz
3314
02:06:13,040 --> 02:06:14,040
which we used to see in
3315
02:06:15,119 --> 02:06:16,119
computers it's quite a deal faster and
3316
02:06:17,760 --> 02:06:18,760
again that has to do with how fast how
3317
02:06:19,920 --> 02:06:20,920
many of these cycles it can go through
3318
02:06:22,239 --> 02:06:23,239
in a second from here to here i don't
3319
02:06:24,880 --> 02:06:25,880
have to know that for the a plus exam
3320
02:06:26,480 --> 02:06:27,480
but i just draw that out there so that
3321
02:06:28,000 --> 02:06:29,000
you have an understanding
3322
02:06:30,000 --> 02:06:31,000
of how that works
3323
02:06:32,400 --> 02:06:33,400
now clock speed is slightly different
3324
02:06:34,320 --> 02:06:35,320
from clock rate and they're actually two
3325
02:06:35,760 --> 02:06:36,760
different types of clock speeds we're
3326
02:06:37,199 --> 02:06:38,199
going to talk about so while the clock
3327
02:06:39,119 --> 02:06:40,119
rate measures the potential speed of the
3328
02:06:41,920 --> 02:06:42,920
cpu how much it is potentially able to
3329
02:06:44,719 --> 02:06:45,719
go the clock speed indicates its actual
3330
02:06:48,159 --> 02:06:49,159
speed how much it's running on the
3331
02:06:50,159 --> 02:06:51,159
computer how fast it's running so this
3332
02:06:52,320 --> 02:06:53,320
is just like a car that can run for
3333
02:06:54,000 --> 02:06:55,000
instance 120 miles or kilometer
3334
02:06:56,159 --> 02:06:57,159
kilometers per hour but you rarely are
3335
02:06:58,560 --> 02:06:59,560
going to drive that cpu to the maximum
3336
02:07:00,880 --> 02:07:01,880
and sometimes if you tried really
3337
02:07:02,880 --> 02:07:03,880
pushing it you could probably push the
3338
02:07:05,440 --> 02:07:06,440
cpu or the car rather to go faster than
3339
02:07:08,159 --> 02:07:09,159
120 miles per hour
3340
02:07:10,960 --> 02:07:11,960
so there are two types of clock speeds
3341
02:07:12,800 --> 02:07:13,800
we're going to look at
3342
02:07:14,079 --> 02:07:15,079
the first is the external clock speed
3343
02:07:16,800 --> 02:07:17,800
and i have a picture of a motherboard
3344
02:07:18,400 --> 02:07:19,400
here because the external clock speed is
3345
02:07:20,719 --> 02:07:21,719
determined by the motherboard in other
3346
02:07:22,800 --> 02:07:23,800
words if i plug a cpu that's really fast
3347
02:07:25,360 --> 02:07:26,360
into a motherboard that's really slow
3348
02:07:27,199 --> 02:07:28,199
i'm limited by that motherboard so the
3349
02:07:30,000 --> 02:07:31,000
base clock of the motherboard is also
3350
02:07:32,079 --> 02:07:33,079
known as the bus speed so we've talked
3351
02:07:34,320 --> 02:07:35,320
about buses and we talked about that
3352
02:07:36,320 --> 02:07:37,320
that is how
3353
02:07:37,920 --> 02:07:38,920
data is sent from one place to another
3354
02:07:40,159 --> 02:07:41,159
on a motherboard it's like a circuit and
3355
02:07:42,480 --> 02:07:43,480
the bus speed determines how fast that
3356
02:07:44,880 --> 02:07:45,880
is that can go
3357
02:07:46,480 --> 02:07:47,480
and uh this is also known as the
3358
02:07:48,719 --> 02:07:49,719
external clock speed so they're just two
3359
02:07:51,280 --> 02:07:52,280
different names if you see them they're
3360
02:07:53,119 --> 02:07:54,119
pretty much interchangeable
3361
02:07:54,960 --> 02:07:55,960
and this generally is the frequency of
3362
02:07:57,040 --> 02:07:58,040
the fsb and if you remember what the fsb
3363
02:07:59,360 --> 02:08:00,360
is that's the front
3364
02:08:01,840 --> 02:08:02,840
side bus
3365
02:08:03,840 --> 02:08:04,840
which is the connection between
3366
02:08:07,520 --> 02:08:08,520
the north bridge if you recall the
3367
02:08:09,360 --> 02:08:10,360
difference in a north bridge and a south
3368
02:08:10,960 --> 02:08:11,960
bridge
3369
02:08:12,320 --> 02:08:13,320
so that's the connection between the
3370
02:08:13,920 --> 02:08:14,920
north bridge and the cpu
3371
02:08:17,040 --> 02:08:18,040
so this
3372
02:08:18,480 --> 02:08:19,480
right here if we were to use this line
3373
02:08:20,639 --> 02:08:21,639
as sort of that connection this would be
3374
02:08:24,560 --> 02:08:25,560
the bus speed and what's interesting the
3375
02:08:26,800 --> 02:08:27,800
reason i chose this image right here is
3376
02:08:29,199 --> 02:08:30,199
because if you look right here you see
3377
02:08:31,040 --> 02:08:32,040
some jumpers and if you recall we talked
3378
02:08:32,719 --> 02:08:33,719
about jumpers previously
3379
02:08:34,719 --> 02:08:35,719
these jumpers this is how we used to do
3380
02:08:37,280 --> 02:08:38,280
it you had to set physical jumpers on
3381
02:08:39,760 --> 02:08:40,760
the motherboard to tell it
3382
02:08:42,239 --> 02:08:43,239
how fast the cpu should run
3383
02:08:45,760 --> 02:08:46,760
so
3384
02:08:46,480 --> 02:08:47,480
uh
3385
02:08:47,440 --> 02:08:48,440
it couldn't just recognize it manually
3386
02:08:49,440 --> 02:08:50,440
you had to tell the motherboard this cpu
3387
02:08:51,760 --> 02:08:52,760
was running at 686
3388
02:08:54,320 --> 02:08:55,320
you know 600 megahertz
3389
02:08:56,239 --> 02:08:57,239
um and so we needed to set that in the
3390
02:08:58,560 --> 02:08:59,560
motherboard so the motherboard knew how
3391
02:09:00,079 --> 02:09:01,079
fast to push the cpu and we'll come back
3392
02:09:03,199 --> 02:09:04,199
to this point in just a bit
3393
02:09:05,679 --> 02:09:06,679
there's also the internal clock speed
3394
02:09:07,760 --> 02:09:08,760
and that's the one that you see
3395
02:09:09,119 --> 02:09:10,119
generally when they're packaging the uh
3396
02:09:12,719 --> 02:09:13,719
the cpu when you go out and buy one this
3397
02:09:14,159 --> 02:09:15,159
is the internal frequency or speed of
3398
02:09:16,400 --> 02:09:17,400
the cpu so for instance if this was a
3399
02:09:20,079 --> 02:09:21,079
1.2 gigahertz
3400
02:09:22,560 --> 02:09:23,560
processor that would be the internal
3401
02:09:24,639 --> 02:09:25,639
clock speed of the cpu and then you
3402
02:09:27,119 --> 02:09:28,119
would have to check to make sure the bus
3403
02:09:28,960 --> 02:09:29,960
speed
3404
02:09:29,920 --> 02:09:30,920
on the motherboard was equivalent or
3405
02:09:32,560 --> 02:09:33,560
could handle that amount of speed
3406
02:09:38,159 --> 02:09:39,159
now there's something called
3407
02:09:39,440 --> 02:09:40,440
overclocking and remember i said that
3408
02:09:41,520 --> 02:09:42,520
the motherboard sometimes has to be told
3409
02:09:44,000 --> 02:09:45,000
how fast the cpu is going so in this
3410
02:09:46,480 --> 02:09:47,480
case uh and what people will do is
3411
02:09:48,639 --> 02:09:49,639
they'll tell
3412
02:09:50,079 --> 02:09:51,079
this is user defined and this is
3413
02:09:52,079 --> 02:09:53,079
actually a little bit newer so what's
3414
02:09:53,840 --> 02:09:54,840
happening here is um instead of setting
3415
02:09:55,840 --> 02:09:56,840
the cpu operating speed via jumpers on
3416
02:09:58,400 --> 02:09:59,400
the motherboard it's setting it via this
3417
02:10:00,400 --> 02:10:01,400
uh probably a bio sort of interface
3418
02:10:03,360 --> 02:10:04,360
and
3419
02:10:04,239 --> 02:10:05,239
what you could do is tell the
3420
02:10:06,000 --> 02:10:07,000
motherboard that the cpu was actually
3421
02:10:09,280 --> 02:10:10,280
faster than it was and this would push
3422
02:10:11,520 --> 02:10:12,520
the cpu to go faster than it was made to
3423
02:10:14,079 --> 02:10:15,079
go now the reason you might want to do
3424
02:10:15,760 --> 02:10:16,760
this is if you're
3425
02:10:18,560 --> 02:10:19,560
you're running really high-end graphics
3426
02:10:20,560 --> 02:10:21,560
and you needed that extra oomph but you
3427
02:10:23,280 --> 02:10:24,280
didn't want to be limited and you didn't
3428
02:10:24,719 --> 02:10:25,719
want to be limited by the technology
3429
02:10:26,159 --> 02:10:27,159
that was currently out so you would tell
3430
02:10:27,760 --> 02:10:28,760
the motherboard to overclock the cpu it
3431
02:10:31,119 --> 02:10:32,119
was very dangerous because it pushed the
3432
02:10:33,520 --> 02:10:34,520
cpu past the limits it was supposed to
3433
02:10:35,440 --> 02:10:36,440
go however it didn't keep a lot of
3434
02:10:37,360 --> 02:10:38,360
people from doing it and when we get to
3435
02:10:39,360 --> 02:10:40,360
heating and cooling a little bit later
3436
02:10:41,599 --> 02:10:42,599
we'll talk about uh how people have
3437
02:10:43,840 --> 02:10:44,840
managed to
3438
02:10:45,760 --> 02:10:46,760
sort of combat the heat and the side
3439
02:10:48,480 --> 02:10:49,480
effects of overclocking their system but
3440
02:10:50,560 --> 02:10:51,560
it's important to know that overclocking
3441
02:10:52,239 --> 02:10:53,239
means
3442
02:10:53,199 --> 02:10:54,199
telling the motherboard to run the cpu
3443
02:10:55,840 --> 02:10:56,840
faster
3444
02:10:58,400 --> 02:10:59,400
all right so we just talked about
3445
02:11:00,800 --> 02:11:01,800
some of the technology including what
3446
02:11:02,400 --> 02:11:03,400
the cpu is the central processing unit
3447
02:11:05,119 --> 02:11:06,119
the brain the two brands
3448
02:11:08,000 --> 02:11:09,000
of uh most processors which are amd and
3449
02:11:12,000 --> 02:11:13,000
intel we talked about the clock rate
3450
02:11:14,239 --> 02:11:15,239
which is generally the potential speed
3451
02:11:16,719 --> 02:11:17,719
of
3452
02:11:17,599 --> 02:11:18,599
uh or
3453
02:11:19,119 --> 02:11:20,119
pardon which is the potential speed or
3454
02:11:21,599 --> 02:11:22,599
frequency
3455
02:11:22,800 --> 02:11:23,800
of uh the processor and then we talked
3456
02:11:24,800 --> 02:11:25,800
about the clock speeds both the external
3457
02:11:26,960 --> 02:11:27,960
and the internal speed the external
3458
02:11:29,280 --> 02:11:30,280
being the motherboard or the bus speed
3459
02:11:31,280 --> 02:11:32,280
the internal being the um
3460
02:11:35,040 --> 02:11:36,040
internal the internal being this the
3461
02:11:37,280 --> 02:11:38,280
processor's marketed speed and then we
3462
02:11:39,360 --> 02:11:40,360
talked about overclocking which is
3463
02:11:40,960 --> 02:11:41,960
telling the motherboard to move the cpu
3464
02:11:43,760 --> 02:11:44,760
faster than for what it was made so now
3465
02:11:46,000 --> 02:11:47,000
let's talk about some of the
3466
02:11:47,079 --> 02:11:48,079
characteristics of different cpus that
3467
02:11:49,520 --> 02:11:50,520
we're going to see the first one i want
3468
02:11:51,119 --> 02:11:52,119
to talk about is cache size so uh here's
3469
02:11:54,800 --> 02:11:55,800
an image just to describe uh what i'm
3470
02:11:56,639 --> 02:11:57,639
about to tell you and basically we have
3471
02:11:58,639 --> 02:11:59,639
three different types of caches and what
3472
02:12:00,480 --> 02:12:01,480
cache is is sort of a temporary holding
3473
02:12:03,920 --> 02:12:04,920
space
3474
02:12:05,040 --> 02:12:06,040
for data if you imagine the cpu is
3475
02:12:08,320 --> 02:12:09,320
running very fast and the rest of the
3476
02:12:10,159 --> 02:12:11,159
computer either because the bus speed of
3477
02:12:12,159 --> 02:12:13,159
the motherboard isn't quite as fast or
3478
02:12:14,560 --> 02:12:15,560
because the um speed of the uh ram the
3479
02:12:18,639 --> 02:12:19,639
memory isn't as fast
3480
02:12:20,480 --> 02:12:21,480
it needs sort of a buffer zone just like
3481
02:12:22,639 --> 02:12:23,639
when you're downloading netflix movies
3482
02:12:24,400 --> 02:12:25,400
and you're streaming them it downloads a
3483
02:12:26,159 --> 02:12:27,159
little bit more so that way in case of a
3484
02:12:28,000 --> 02:12:29,000
network flub you don't see any
3485
02:12:30,880 --> 02:12:31,880
sort of uh pausing so we have different
3486
02:12:34,159 --> 02:12:35,159
sorts of caches that allow for a buffer
3487
02:12:37,280 --> 02:12:38,280
so the cpu can get information uh as
3488
02:12:40,320 --> 02:12:41,320
quick as possible and then pop it back
3489
02:12:42,159 --> 02:12:43,159
out as quick as quick as possible and if
3490
02:12:44,159 --> 02:12:45,159
it's running faster or slower than the
3491
02:12:46,639 --> 02:12:47,639
rest of the system the
3492
02:12:48,800 --> 02:12:49,800
cache allows you to make up for that now
3493
02:12:50,880 --> 02:12:51,880
there are three different types of
3494
02:12:52,159 --> 02:12:53,159
caches and you just generally need to
3495
02:12:54,079 --> 02:12:55,079
know that the l1 cache is the fastest
3496
02:12:57,520 --> 02:12:58,520
and that's because it is built on to the
3497
02:12:59,840 --> 02:13:00,840
cpu so you see here's the cpu core
3498
02:13:02,960 --> 02:13:03,960
right which is inside that little glass
3499
02:13:05,040 --> 02:13:06,040
thing i was talking about and we have
3500
02:13:06,960 --> 02:13:07,960
two different caches l1 caches that
3501
02:13:09,040 --> 02:13:10,040
they're listing here
3502
02:13:10,400 --> 02:13:11,400
i is for instruction and d is for data
3503
02:13:13,599 --> 02:13:14,599
but you don't need to know that for the
3504
02:13:15,360 --> 02:13:16,360
a plus exam just know there's an l1
3505
02:13:17,520 --> 02:13:18,520
cache
3506
02:13:18,480 --> 02:13:19,480
and it is built onto the cpu as a result
3507
02:13:21,440 --> 02:13:22,440
it is the fastest cache however it is
3508
02:13:24,800 --> 02:13:25,800
also the smallest because uh
3509
02:13:27,840 --> 02:13:28,840
we can't allow so much information to
3510
02:13:29,760 --> 02:13:30,760
get access to the cpu and it's also the
3511
02:13:31,360 --> 02:13:32,360
most expensive
3512
02:13:32,880 --> 02:13:33,880
we then have the l2 cache which used to
3513
02:13:35,440 --> 02:13:36,440
be built onto the motherboard now it's
3514
02:13:37,119 --> 02:13:38,119
usually built onto the cpu but it's
3515
02:13:39,440 --> 02:13:40,440
accessed after the l1 cache so it comes
3516
02:13:42,639 --> 02:13:43,639
after that l1 cache and it's not as fast
3517
02:13:45,119 --> 02:13:46,119
but it is superior to the l3 it is
3518
02:13:47,679 --> 02:13:48,679
faster and it acts as a interim so we go
3519
02:13:50,880 --> 02:13:51,880
from l1 to l2 and then we can go from l2
3520
02:13:54,560 --> 02:13:55,560
to l3 so this is the second fastest
3521
02:14:01,520 --> 02:14:02,520
and then we have the l3 which is the
3522
02:14:03,199 --> 02:14:04,199
largest capacity but also the slowest
3523
02:14:06,239 --> 02:14:07,239
okay and what it generally does the l3
3524
02:14:08,960 --> 02:14:09,960
is generally the one that's going to
3525
02:14:10,560 --> 02:14:11,560
talk to the ram chips
3526
02:14:12,400 --> 02:14:13,400
that's the memory
3527
02:14:14,079 --> 02:14:15,079
and we'll talk more about that when we
3528
02:14:15,760 --> 02:14:16,760
get into memory in our sort of next
3529
02:14:17,440 --> 02:14:18,440
series of videos
3530
02:14:19,440 --> 02:14:20,440
the real important thing to know here
3531
02:14:20,880 --> 02:14:21,880
and i'm going to pull up another graphic
3532
02:14:22,239 --> 02:14:23,239
here is that you have the core of your
3533
02:14:24,960 --> 02:14:25,960
processor
3534
02:14:26,400 --> 02:14:27,400
right as we go down we get more latency
3535
02:14:30,000 --> 02:14:31,000
meaning this is the slowest
3536
02:14:32,639 --> 02:14:33,639
speed and this is the fastest speed
3537
02:14:37,360 --> 02:14:38,360
conversely the capacity goes the
3538
02:14:39,280 --> 02:14:40,280
opposite way so the faster the smaller
3539
02:14:42,079 --> 02:14:43,079
amount of space we have so
3540
02:14:44,800 --> 02:14:45,800
just know the l1 cache is the closest to
3541
02:14:47,440 --> 02:14:48,440
the core then l2 which is generally also
3542
02:14:50,639 --> 02:14:51,639
built onto the cpu and then you have l3
3543
02:14:53,840 --> 02:14:54,840
which is generally built onto the
3544
02:14:55,679 --> 02:14:56,679
motherboard um sometimes onto the cpu
3545
02:14:58,239 --> 02:14:59,239
depending on the on the make but the l3
3546
02:15:01,199 --> 02:15:02,199
deals directly with the memory okay so
3547
02:15:03,199 --> 02:15:04,199
it's important to know that l3 and
3548
02:15:04,800 --> 02:15:05,800
memory go together and that l1 is built
3549
02:15:07,440 --> 02:15:08,440
right onto the core and although it's
3550
02:15:09,199 --> 02:15:10,199
the fastest
3551
02:15:11,040 --> 02:15:12,040
it's also the smallest and that's why we
3552
02:15:13,760 --> 02:15:14,760
have several different versions of l1
3553
02:15:15,679 --> 02:15:16,679
through l3 cache and when programmers
3554
02:15:18,320 --> 02:15:19,320
write
3555
02:15:19,440 --> 02:15:20,440
programs to use the cpu they can write
3556
02:15:21,520 --> 02:15:22,520
things to use these different caches in
3557
02:15:23,360 --> 02:15:24,360
different ways in order to make their
3558
02:15:25,920 --> 02:15:26,920
programs run the most efficiently
3559
02:15:30,079 --> 02:15:31,079
so hyper threading allows a single cpu
3560
02:15:33,440 --> 02:15:34,440
to accept and process two independent
3561
02:15:36,320 --> 02:15:37,320
sets of instructions so if you look at
3562
02:15:38,320 --> 02:15:39,320
this word hyper thread imagine
3563
02:15:41,280 --> 02:15:42,280
that the cpu had multiple threads in it
3564
02:15:44,639 --> 02:15:45,639
and what it could do is even though
3565
02:15:46,320 --> 02:15:47,320
there's one core here so there's only
3566
02:15:48,719 --> 02:15:49,719
one cpu core there's only one processing
3567
02:15:51,199 --> 02:15:52,199
unit in there it could accept
3568
02:15:54,000 --> 02:15:55,000
two sets
3569
02:15:55,440 --> 02:15:56,440
of instructions in and out at the same
3570
02:15:57,760 --> 02:15:58,760
time so this allows it to sort of
3571
02:16:00,159 --> 02:16:01,159
virtually um simulate having two
3572
02:16:03,520 --> 02:16:04,520
different cpu cores
3573
02:16:05,520 --> 02:16:06,520
now this is different from multi-core
3574
02:16:08,000 --> 02:16:09,000
processors which literally have two or
3575
02:16:11,280 --> 02:16:12,280
more actually processing cores and we
3576
02:16:14,159 --> 02:16:15,159
see this more and more with um dual core
3577
02:16:16,639 --> 02:16:17,639
and even quad core
3578
02:16:19,119 --> 02:16:20,119
processors which inside the processor
3579
02:16:22,079 --> 02:16:23,079
has multiple cores
3580
02:16:25,040 --> 02:16:26,040
so that the cpu can process instructions
3581
02:16:28,079 --> 02:16:29,079
for multiple sources at once and this
3582
02:16:29,599 --> 02:16:30,599
makes it act faster and then if we added
3583
02:16:31,760 --> 02:16:32,760
hyper threading to this
3584
02:16:38,479 --> 02:16:39,479
that would then double the speed of
3585
02:16:40,960 --> 02:16:41,960
force so then it would make it
3586
02:16:42,399 --> 02:16:43,399
essentially able to process eight sets
3587
02:16:45,840 --> 02:16:46,840
of instructions at one point
3588
02:16:49,599 --> 02:16:50,599
so the hyper threading is taken to the
3589
02:16:52,240 --> 02:16:53,240
next level in this multi-core technology
3590
02:16:54,479 --> 02:16:55,479
that's just important to know there is a
3591
02:16:56,000 --> 02:16:57,000
link here somewhat in that
3592
02:16:58,240 --> 02:16:59,240
hyper threading does it virtually
3593
02:17:00,479 --> 02:17:01,479
multi-core actually does it
3594
02:17:04,960 --> 02:17:05,960
you've also probably seen this 32-bit
3595
02:17:06,880 --> 02:17:07,880
versus 64-bit architecture what you need
3596
02:17:09,519 --> 02:17:10,519
to realize about this is that
3597
02:17:12,160 --> 02:17:13,160
64-bit architecture allows the cpu
3598
02:17:16,080 --> 02:17:17,080
to have a wider bit uh have twice as
3599
02:17:19,280 --> 02:17:20,280
many bits right and because it has twice
3600
02:17:22,080 --> 02:17:23,080
as many bits it can process higher data
3601
02:17:24,479 --> 02:17:25,479
types 32-bit architecture is limited to
3602
02:17:27,599 --> 02:17:28,599
four gigabytes of data address space
3603
02:17:31,200 --> 02:17:32,200
and so you can imagine if i have a lot
3604
02:17:33,120 --> 02:17:34,120
of data going on let's say i have more
3605
02:17:34,800 --> 02:17:35,800
than four gigabytes of ram which is
3606
02:17:36,559 --> 02:17:37,559
memory
3607
02:17:37,679 --> 02:17:38,679
right and i'm using 32-bit architecture
3608
02:17:40,399 --> 02:17:41,399
well i can't use anything more than this
3609
02:17:42,559 --> 02:17:43,559
four gigabytes and now with computers
3610
02:17:44,240 --> 02:17:45,240
with eight gigabytes i want to be able
3611
02:17:45,840 --> 02:17:46,840
to take advantage of that and a 32-bit
3612
02:17:48,160 --> 02:17:49,160
architecture cpu is just not it doesn't
3613
02:17:50,399 --> 02:17:51,399
have enough space it's not wide enough
3614
02:17:52,639 --> 02:17:53,639
to allow that amount of processing uh 64
3615
02:17:56,080 --> 02:17:57,080
bits allows for
3616
02:17:58,719 --> 02:17:59,719
so much i think it's over a million
3617
02:18:00,960 --> 02:18:01,960
gigabytes uh i think it's pata bytes uh
3618
02:18:04,639 --> 02:18:05,639
a couple petabytes is sort of how much
3619
02:18:06,719 --> 02:18:07,719
data address space which is it's
3620
02:18:08,559 --> 02:18:09,559
theoretical we haven't reached that yet
3621
02:18:10,559 --> 02:18:11,559
and who knows if sure at some point we
3622
02:18:12,080 --> 02:18:13,080
will but that's like a petabyte is i
3623
02:18:14,559 --> 02:18:15,559
think a million gigabytes so you can
3624
02:18:16,080 --> 02:18:17,080
imagine how much more space the 64-bit
3625
02:18:18,639 --> 02:18:19,639
wide cpus allow
3626
02:18:21,120 --> 02:18:22,120
and the software must support cp um
3627
02:18:25,200 --> 02:18:26,200
64-bit as well which is why you probably
3628
02:18:27,679 --> 02:18:28,679
see 64-bit versions of operating systems
3629
02:18:31,040 --> 02:18:32,040
and 64-bit versions of software which
3630
02:18:34,000 --> 02:18:35,000
can take advantage of this cpu
3631
02:18:36,719 --> 02:18:37,719
architecture
3632
02:18:39,439 --> 02:18:40,439
it's also referred to in some contexts
3633
02:18:41,840 --> 02:18:42,840
as
3634
02:18:42,519 --> 02:18:43,519
x86 or x64 now the 64 makes sense right
3635
02:18:46,800 --> 02:18:47,800
because of this 64-bit
3636
02:18:48,800 --> 02:18:49,800
x86 that goes back to older cpus and i
3637
02:18:51,599 --> 02:18:52,599
don't know if you remember there were
3638
02:18:52,880 --> 02:18:53,880
286 processors and 386 processors and
3639
02:18:56,399 --> 02:18:57,399
then there were 486 processors and that
3640
02:18:58,960 --> 02:18:59,960
goes back to that which these are all uh
3641
02:19:02,479 --> 02:19:03,479
incrementally 32-bit
3642
02:19:05,200 --> 02:19:06,200
um cpu architectures and basically it's
3643
02:19:08,719 --> 02:19:09,719
every
3644
02:19:10,000 --> 02:19:11,000
processor between the
3645
02:19:12,719 --> 02:19:13,719
these 486 386 processors and now to the
3646
02:19:15,760 --> 02:19:16,760
64 bits
3647
02:19:17,840 --> 02:19:18,840
we're using the same architecture until
3648
02:19:19,679 --> 02:19:20,679
we got to 64-bit architecture which now
3649
02:19:22,319 --> 02:19:23,319
can take advantage of so much more space
3650
02:19:24,479 --> 02:19:25,479
it's where we're going and
3651
02:19:26,800 --> 02:19:27,800
i don't even know if they're making
3652
02:19:28,240 --> 02:19:29,240
32-bit
3653
02:19:29,760 --> 02:19:30,760
uh cpus anymore perhaps on a budget but
3654
02:19:32,399 --> 02:19:33,399
i i would never purchase one just
3655
02:19:34,240 --> 02:19:35,240
because it's going to be antiquated in a
3656
02:19:35,920 --> 02:19:36,920
few years
3657
02:19:38,319 --> 02:19:39,319
so just like with the bios we were
3658
02:19:39,920 --> 02:19:40,920
talking about virtualization that needs
3659
02:19:42,000 --> 02:19:43,000
to be enabled on the bios the
3660
02:19:45,519 --> 02:19:46,519
cpu has to allow and be created to allow
3661
02:19:49,680 --> 02:19:50,680
virtualization which again just to
3662
02:19:52,399 --> 02:19:53,399
qualify this virtualization means i have
3663
02:19:55,040 --> 02:19:56,040
one system so here's my computer okay
3664
02:19:59,520 --> 02:20:00,520
and rather than being limited to running
3665
02:20:01,600 --> 02:20:02,600
only one operating system on here i
3666
02:20:03,920 --> 02:20:04,920
could actually virtualize several
3667
02:20:06,000 --> 02:20:07,000
different machines onto this machine
3668
02:20:08,960 --> 02:20:09,960
so i would go through a bios i would go
3669
02:20:10,960 --> 02:20:11,960
through a boot up etc etc and i could
3670
02:20:12,720 --> 02:20:13,720
have several different machines running
3671
02:20:14,640 --> 02:20:15,640
on this machine this is how cloud
3672
02:20:16,640 --> 02:20:17,640
computing is basically working and if
3673
02:20:18,080 --> 02:20:19,080
you've heard of like the uh
3674
02:20:20,479 --> 02:20:21,479
amazon cloud space
3675
02:20:22,319 --> 02:20:23,319
ec2
3676
02:20:23,600 --> 02:20:24,600
or if you've heard of rackspace for
3677
02:20:25,680 --> 02:20:26,680
instance
3678
02:20:28,479 --> 02:20:29,479
uh this is what allows it to work you
3679
02:20:30,160 --> 02:20:31,160
can go to one of these services and say
3680
02:20:31,760 --> 02:20:32,760
i want a you know windows 7 or windows 8
3681
02:20:35,439 --> 02:20:36,439
server computer
3682
02:20:37,040 --> 02:20:38,040
uh sorry windows 2008 server and i
3683
02:20:39,920 --> 02:20:40,920
wanted to have these specifications and
3684
02:20:42,000 --> 02:20:43,000
it virtually creates that computer on
3685
02:20:44,240 --> 02:20:45,240
their end so you don't have to have the
3686
02:20:46,160 --> 02:20:47,160
physical computer on your end and this
3687
02:20:48,479 --> 02:20:49,479
needs to be enabled in the cpu this
3688
02:20:50,479 --> 02:20:51,479
needs to be something the cpu is capable
3689
02:20:52,000 --> 02:20:53,000
of because again it's the cpu is having
3690
02:20:54,640 --> 02:20:55,640
to do a lot more work
3691
02:20:56,960 --> 02:20:57,960
this centralizes hardware as you can
3692
02:20:59,200 --> 02:21:00,200
imagine and improves resource usage
3693
02:21:01,359 --> 02:21:02,359
because if you think about it a cpu
3694
02:21:03,439 --> 02:21:04,439
might be working really hard at one
3695
02:21:04,880 --> 02:21:05,880
point but at night it's not working at
3696
02:21:06,479 --> 02:21:07,479
all so what if i could take that cpu and
3697
02:21:09,520 --> 02:21:10,520
allow it to work on multiple systems at
3698
02:21:11,520 --> 02:21:12,520
once now if someone in china for
3699
02:21:13,680 --> 02:21:14,680
instance wants to use the computer at
3700
02:21:15,280 --> 02:21:16,280
one point for their own system and i'm
3701
02:21:17,280 --> 02:21:18,280
sleeping in america
3702
02:21:20,399 --> 02:21:21,399
it allows for a better usage of those
3703
02:21:22,319 --> 02:21:23,319
resources which is the real benefit of
3704
02:21:24,080 --> 02:21:25,080
virtualization and we'll cover
3705
02:21:25,680 --> 02:21:26,680
virtualization more and more as this
3706
02:21:27,760 --> 02:21:28,760
a-plus course progresses
3707
02:21:30,640 --> 02:21:31,640
finally this is the future of computing
3708
02:21:32,479 --> 02:21:33,479
virtualization and it's very important
3709
02:21:35,040 --> 02:21:36,040
that if you are going to be in
3710
02:21:36,880 --> 02:21:37,880
technology if you're going to be a
3711
02:21:38,000 --> 02:21:39,000
technician that you really understand
3712
02:21:39,680 --> 02:21:40,680
virtualization and that you embrace it
3713
02:21:42,319 --> 02:21:43,319
and learn a lot about it
3714
02:21:44,960 --> 02:21:45,960
finally i want to talk about this it's
3715
02:21:46,399 --> 02:21:47,399
called a gpu so whereas a cpu central
3716
02:21:49,120 --> 02:21:50,120
processing unit the gpu
3717
02:21:52,640 --> 02:21:53,640
is a graphics processing unit and
3718
02:21:54,800 --> 02:21:55,800
basically what's happened
3719
02:21:56,800 --> 02:21:57,800
is
3720
02:21:59,280 --> 02:22:00,280
graphics have become so intense and so
3721
02:22:01,680 --> 02:22:02,680
and requires so much more processing
3722
02:22:03,120 --> 02:22:04,120
speed that they were taking a lot of
3723
02:22:05,359 --> 02:22:06,359
power away from the cpu the central
3724
02:22:07,280 --> 02:22:08,280
processing unit and so a lot of uh
3725
02:22:10,040 --> 02:22:11,040
manufacturers began to create their own
3726
02:22:12,880 --> 02:22:13,880
processor on the graphics card
3727
02:22:15,280 --> 02:22:16,280
and now they've actually just started
3728
02:22:17,120 --> 02:22:18,120
integrating this onto the motherboard
3729
02:22:19,120 --> 02:22:20,120
because a lot of motherboards have
3730
02:22:20,399 --> 02:22:21,399
display graphic adapters built onto them
3731
02:22:22,880 --> 02:22:23,880
so it just recognized the gpu graphics
3732
02:22:26,240 --> 02:22:27,240
processor unit is specifically a
3733
02:22:28,240 --> 02:22:29,240
processor for graphics
3734
02:22:32,720 --> 02:22:33,720
all right so we just talked about the
3735
02:22:34,240 --> 02:22:35,240
characteristics
3736
02:22:36,000 --> 02:22:37,000
of a cpu and now just like always i want
3737
02:22:38,319 --> 02:22:39,319
to
3738
02:22:38,960 --> 02:22:39,960
go back over everything we've just
3739
02:22:40,399 --> 02:22:41,399
talked about so that we have a good
3740
02:22:42,000 --> 02:22:43,000
understanding and of of a cpu and the
3741
02:22:45,680 --> 02:22:46,680
technology and characteristics behind it
3742
02:22:47,680 --> 02:22:48,680
so first of all we talked about the cpu
3743
02:22:50,000 --> 02:22:51,000
which is the brain
3744
02:22:52,319 --> 02:22:53,319
of the computer it stands for central
3745
02:22:54,720 --> 02:22:55,720
processing unit right which is important
3746
02:22:57,040 --> 02:22:58,040
distinction when we from when we get
3747
02:22:58,560 --> 02:22:59,560
over here we talked about the two major
3748
02:23:00,720 --> 02:23:01,720
brands
3749
02:23:02,000 --> 02:23:03,000
which are amd
3750
02:23:04,560 --> 02:23:05,560
and intel
3751
02:23:06,800 --> 02:23:07,800
we talked about clock rate which is the
3752
02:23:08,880 --> 02:23:09,880
potential speed
3753
02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:12,040
and then we talked about clock speed and
3754
02:23:13,439 --> 02:23:14,439
there are two different types right the
3755
02:23:15,600 --> 02:23:16,600
external clock speed which is really uh
3756
02:23:18,240 --> 02:23:19,240
the motherboard bus speed
3757
02:23:21,520 --> 02:23:22,520
so that's the motherboard speed how fast
3758
02:23:23,680 --> 02:23:24,680
the motherboard is able to run and then
3759
02:23:25,840 --> 02:23:26,840
the internal clock speed which is the
3760
02:23:27,840 --> 02:23:28,840
one that's usually marketed
3761
02:23:29,760 --> 02:23:30,760
onto the cpu
3762
02:23:34,399 --> 02:23:35,399
we also talked about overclocking which
3763
02:23:36,800 --> 02:23:37,800
means telling the motherboard
3764
02:23:39,439 --> 02:23:40,439
to go faster than the cpu actually can
3765
02:23:42,000 --> 02:23:43,000
go and it pushes that cpu to the limits
3766
02:23:44,560 --> 02:23:45,560
we also talked about cache size and cast
3767
02:23:47,680 --> 02:23:48,680
cache size and type and there are three
3768
02:23:50,160 --> 02:23:51,160
different types right there's l1
3769
02:23:52,560 --> 02:23:53,560
l2 and l3 obviously the more space we
3770
02:23:56,720 --> 02:23:57,720
have on any of these the faster the
3771
02:23:58,080 --> 02:23:59,080
systems can be able to run because it
3772
02:23:59,439 --> 02:24:00,439
has a faster buffer zone l1 is the
3773
02:24:02,319 --> 02:24:03,319
fastest right but also it's the smallest
3774
02:24:05,600 --> 02:24:06,600
l3 is the slowest but it's also
3775
02:24:09,840 --> 02:24:10,840
the largest
3776
02:24:11,040 --> 02:24:12,040
so just remember that diagram we looked
3777
02:24:13,439 --> 02:24:14,439
at okay
3778
02:24:14,720 --> 02:24:15,720
hyper threading allows a single core to
3779
02:24:17,680 --> 02:24:18,680
take multiple
3780
02:24:19,439 --> 02:24:20,439
instructions at once so it can take
3781
02:24:21,760 --> 02:24:22,760
multiple instructions and it can deal
3782
02:24:24,160 --> 02:24:25,160
with them kind of making it a dual core
3783
02:24:26,880 --> 02:24:27,880
processor
3784
02:24:32,560 --> 02:24:33,560
and then the multi-core processor means
3785
02:24:34,560 --> 02:24:35,560
one processor with several different
3786
02:24:36,960 --> 02:24:37,960
cores in it
3787
02:24:38,160 --> 02:24:39,160
so
3788
02:24:39,120 --> 02:24:40,120
in effect it becomes
3789
02:24:40,800 --> 02:24:41,800
several different processors by the way
3790
02:24:42,640 --> 02:24:43,640
there are some servers that will have
3791
02:24:43,920 --> 02:24:44,920
multiple processors as well so you could
3792
02:24:46,319 --> 02:24:47,319
have a motherboard with two processors
3793
02:24:48,399 --> 02:24:49,399
on it each with multiple cores and you
3794
02:24:50,080 --> 02:24:51,080
can just imagine it just keeps getting
3795
02:24:51,600 --> 02:24:52,600
bigger and bigger
3796
02:24:53,040 --> 02:24:54,040
we also talked about the different
3797
02:24:54,720 --> 02:24:55,720
architectures of 32 versus 64-bit
3798
02:24:57,040 --> 02:24:58,040
architecture the important thing you
3799
02:24:58,720 --> 02:24:59,720
want to remember here is that 32
3800
02:25:02,399 --> 02:25:03,399
bit architecture has a 4 gigabyte
3801
02:25:05,120 --> 02:25:06,120
limit so if we're going to have more
3802
02:25:07,040 --> 02:25:08,040
than 4 gigabytes of ram or instructions
3803
02:25:08,880 --> 02:25:09,880
that are able to come in we want to make
3804
02:25:10,319 --> 02:25:11,319
sure we're going with a 64-bit which so
3805
02:25:13,120 --> 02:25:14,120
far we haven't met its limit yet in sort
3806
02:25:15,520 --> 02:25:16,520
of the technology we have
3807
02:25:17,439 --> 02:25:18,439
we also talked about virtualization
3808
02:25:19,439 --> 02:25:20,439
which allows you to have multiple
3809
02:25:20,880 --> 02:25:21,880
computers virtually on one physical
3810
02:25:23,680 --> 02:25:24,680
computer and finally we talked about the
3811
02:25:25,840 --> 02:25:26,840
gpu which is the graphics processor unit
3812
02:25:30,720 --> 02:25:31,720
so now that we've talked about the
3813
02:25:32,000 --> 02:25:33,000
technology and the characteristics of a
3814
02:25:33,760 --> 02:25:34,760
cpu i want to quickly go over the
3815
02:25:35,760 --> 02:25:36,760
different socket types the ways that the
3816
02:25:38,479 --> 02:25:39,479
cpu will actually physically connect to
3817
02:25:41,120 --> 02:25:42,120
the motherboard
3818
02:25:47,180 --> 02:25:48,180
[Music]
3819
02:26:07,920 --> 02:26:08,920
cpu
3820
02:26:09,200 --> 02:26:10,200
socket types
3821
02:26:11,600 --> 02:26:12,600
now that we've discussed the internal
3822
02:26:13,680 --> 02:26:14,680
architecture and technology inside of
3823
02:26:16,399 --> 02:26:17,399
each cpu i want to talk about this thing
3824
02:26:19,200 --> 02:26:20,200
right out here which is called a socket
3825
02:26:22,080 --> 02:26:23,080
and that's how the cpu will physically
3826
02:26:25,040 --> 02:26:26,040
interface with the motherboard because
3827
02:26:27,040 --> 02:26:28,040
after all unless we can plug the cpu
3828
02:26:29,840 --> 02:26:30,840
into the motherboard it really doesn't
3829
02:26:31,040 --> 02:26:32,040
do us any good
3830
02:26:32,479 --> 02:26:33,479
so we're going to talk about uh these
3831
02:26:34,160 --> 02:26:35,160
sockets as sort of an overview and
3832
02:26:36,720 --> 02:26:37,720
specifically i want to talk about what's
3833
02:26:38,560 --> 02:26:39,560
called a zip socket which works with
3834
02:26:40,960 --> 02:26:41,960
something called pga and then we're
3835
02:26:42,880 --> 02:26:43,880
going to talk about an lga socket and
3836
02:26:45,120 --> 02:26:46,120
what's interesting about these is these
3837
02:26:46,880 --> 02:26:47,880
are mostly speaking uh separated by a
3838
02:26:50,479 --> 02:26:51,479
manufacturer as well uh zif being mostly
3839
02:26:53,680 --> 02:26:54,680
used by amd today and lga mostly being
3840
02:26:57,680 --> 02:26:58,680
used by intel although this is changing
3841
02:26:59,920 --> 02:27:00,920
and has changed
3842
02:27:02,319 --> 02:27:03,319
and then we're going to talk about some
3843
02:27:03,680 --> 02:27:04,680
intel sockets and there's a bunch of
3844
02:27:05,520 --> 02:27:06,520
numbers popping up here
3845
02:27:07,439 --> 02:27:08,439
uh and these are the ones that a plus
3846
02:27:09,520 --> 02:27:10,520
would like you to be able to recognize
3847
02:27:12,080 --> 02:27:13,080
now one thing i want to say about these
3848
02:27:13,520 --> 02:27:14,520
intel sockets and there are also some
3849
02:27:15,200 --> 02:27:16,200
amd sockets as well and i'm going to
3850
02:27:17,600 --> 02:27:18,600
throw up here and one thing i want to
3851
02:27:19,280 --> 02:27:20,280
point out about all of these sockets
3852
02:27:20,960 --> 02:27:21,960
okay is that you do not need to be able
3853
02:27:22,720 --> 02:27:23,720
to recognize these sockets based on
3854
02:27:25,600 --> 02:27:26,600
sight alone
3855
02:27:27,120 --> 02:27:28,120
so don't worry about having to memorize
3856
02:27:29,040 --> 02:27:30,040
all this crazy
3857
02:27:30,640 --> 02:27:31,640
stuff uh cram it in what you do need to
3858
02:27:33,200 --> 02:27:34,200
be able to do is recognize which sockets
3859
02:27:35,200 --> 02:27:36,200
go with which manufacturers and there's
3860
02:27:37,439 --> 02:27:38,439
a couple key points that i will point
3861
02:27:39,520 --> 02:27:40,520
out to you that differentiate these to
3862
02:27:41,359 --> 02:27:42,359
help you remember them okay
3863
02:27:43,760 --> 02:27:44,760
first let's talk about a zip socket so a
3864
02:27:46,720 --> 02:27:47,720
zip socket stands for zero insertion
3865
02:27:49,359 --> 02:27:50,359
force and as the name implies
3866
02:27:52,240 --> 02:27:53,240
it was made to overcome an issue which
3867
02:27:55,840 --> 02:27:56,840
was being caused by applying too much
3868
02:27:57,840 --> 02:27:58,840
force to the cpu during installation as
3869
02:28:00,080 --> 02:28:01,080
you can imagine these pieces of
3870
02:28:01,200 --> 02:28:02,200
electronics are
3871
02:28:03,120 --> 02:28:04,120
very fragile and if you press it too
3872
02:28:05,760 --> 02:28:06,760
hard that can damage not only the cpu
3873
02:28:08,240 --> 02:28:09,240
but it can also damage the motherboard
3874
02:28:10,240 --> 02:28:11,240
so the zip socket uses a lever to push
3875
02:28:13,600 --> 02:28:14,600
the spring contacts apart so you can put
3876
02:28:16,479 --> 02:28:17,479
in the pins and then by moving the lever
3877
02:28:18,479 --> 02:28:19,479
back it allows those pins to pop right
3878
02:28:20,960 --> 02:28:21,960
into place with the contacts let me show
3879
02:28:23,600 --> 02:28:24,600
you what i mean
3880
02:28:24,880 --> 02:28:25,880
here's a zip socket and you can see here
3881
02:28:28,240 --> 02:28:29,240
the
3882
02:28:29,040 --> 02:28:30,040
lever
3883
02:28:30,479 --> 02:28:31,479
and what happens is when this lever is
3884
02:28:32,240 --> 02:28:33,240
down like it is right now and i don't
3885
02:28:34,399 --> 02:28:35,399
know if you can make it out but right
3886
02:28:35,680 --> 02:28:36,680
here there's a little lock with arrows
3887
02:28:38,000 --> 02:28:39,000
that point down and up so when it's
3888
02:28:39,840 --> 02:28:40,840
locked which it currently is uh the pins
3889
02:28:42,479 --> 02:28:43,479
are in place with
3890
02:28:44,240 --> 02:28:45,240
the contacts however when you lift it up
3891
02:28:47,439 --> 02:28:48,439
and move it over you can put the
3892
02:28:49,280 --> 02:28:50,280
contacts in i'm sorry you can put the
3893
02:28:51,760 --> 02:28:52,760
cpu in
3894
02:28:53,520 --> 02:28:54,520
with the pins and i'll show you what
3895
02:28:55,200 --> 02:28:56,200
that looks like in a second and then
3896
02:28:56,800 --> 02:28:57,800
moving the lever down drops those pins
3897
02:28:59,520 --> 02:29:00,520
into place
3898
02:29:01,359 --> 02:29:02,359
so this works with something called a
3899
02:29:02,960 --> 02:29:03,960
pin grid array and as you noticed on
3900
02:29:05,439 --> 02:29:06,439
that previous slide there were a lot of
3901
02:29:07,359 --> 02:29:08,359
little holes and this is called a pin
3902
02:29:09,040 --> 02:29:10,040
grid array
3903
02:29:10,399 --> 02:29:11,399
and the pin grid array
3904
02:29:12,640 --> 02:29:13,640
in
3905
02:29:14,240 --> 02:29:15,240
allows the pins or has the pins arranged
3906
02:29:16,319 --> 02:29:17,319
in a somewhat square shape and i'll show
3907
02:29:18,160 --> 02:29:19,160
you some of the deviations from that in
3908
02:29:19,600 --> 02:29:20,600
just a minute
3909
02:29:20,880 --> 02:29:21,880
and it's in a regular array so they're
3910
02:29:22,800 --> 02:29:23,800
in regular uh form and that way you can
3911
02:29:26,240 --> 02:29:27,240
pop them right in
3912
02:29:28,240 --> 02:29:29,240
to the socket and this allows for more
3913
02:29:30,640 --> 02:29:31,640
pins per circuit which is important
3914
02:29:32,399 --> 02:29:33,399
because the more contacts the pins can
3915
02:29:34,319 --> 02:29:35,319
make
3916
02:29:35,120 --> 02:29:36,120
the faster the cpu can communicate with
3917
02:29:37,200 --> 02:29:38,200
the motherboard so here's a pin grid
3918
02:29:39,359 --> 02:29:40,359
array on the bottom of a circuit and you
3919
02:29:41,840 --> 02:29:42,840
can see here
3920
02:29:43,600 --> 02:29:44,600
right that there are arrays of pins
3921
02:29:47,439 --> 02:29:48,439
in certain
3922
02:29:49,120 --> 02:29:50,120
configurations
3923
02:29:50,960 --> 02:29:51,960
and you can see a couple little uh
3924
02:29:55,680 --> 02:29:56,680
areas where there are no pins
3925
02:29:59,680 --> 02:30:00,680
usually i like to look at the corners
3926
02:30:01,200 --> 02:30:02,200
usually is one corner that's different
3927
02:30:02,800 --> 02:30:03,800
from the others and what this makes sure
3928
02:30:04,479 --> 02:30:05,479
is that you're putting the pins you're
3929
02:30:06,160 --> 02:30:07,160
putting the circuit in
3930
02:30:07,680 --> 02:30:08,680
in the right way so that way you know
3931
02:30:10,479 --> 02:30:11,479
that you're not
3932
02:30:11,760 --> 02:30:12,760
moving it over and you're not sort of
3933
02:30:14,560 --> 02:30:15,560
um you're not going to damage the cpu
3934
02:30:16,720 --> 02:30:17,720
you're not going to put it you know try
3935
02:30:17,920 --> 02:30:18,920
forcing it in you know exactly which way
3936
02:30:20,240 --> 02:30:21,240
it's supposed to be oriented when you
3937
02:30:21,840 --> 02:30:22,840
put it into that zero insertion force
3938
02:30:23,840 --> 02:30:24,840
socket so you move that zero insertion
3939
02:30:26,880 --> 02:30:27,880
that zip socket over using the lever you
3940
02:30:29,840 --> 02:30:30,840
just place this in gravity does its work
3941
02:30:32,800 --> 02:30:33,800
move the lever back it shifts all of
3942
02:30:35,280 --> 02:30:36,280
those pins over slightly until they come
3943
02:30:37,359 --> 02:30:38,359
into contact with the contacts on the
3944
02:30:40,160 --> 02:30:41,160
motherboard
3945
02:30:41,600 --> 02:30:42,600
now this is different from an lga socket
3946
02:30:44,160 --> 02:30:45,160
the lga socket which stands for land
3947
02:30:46,720 --> 02:30:47,720
grid array
3948
02:30:48,000 --> 02:30:49,000
has the pins on the socket rather than
3949
02:30:50,560 --> 02:30:51,560
on the circuit which is the cpu
3950
02:30:53,040 --> 02:30:54,040
in this way
3951
02:30:54,479 --> 02:30:55,479
the square grid array is on the
3952
02:30:56,080 --> 02:30:57,080
underside of the circuit but this grid
3953
02:30:58,319 --> 02:30:59,319
array
3954
02:30:59,520 --> 02:31:00,520
does not have pins all right instead it
3955
02:31:03,120 --> 02:31:04,120
just has contacts so it's sort of the
3956
02:31:04,880 --> 02:31:05,880
reverse of the zip socket i think this
3957
02:31:06,960 --> 02:31:07,960
will be easier if i show you a picture
3958
02:31:09,200 --> 02:31:10,200
so here's an lga socket we'll look at
3959
02:31:11,040 --> 02:31:12,040
this later and what you see here is the
3960
02:31:12,880 --> 02:31:13,880
pins are on the socket itself
3961
02:31:18,000 --> 02:31:19,000
so instead of me taking pins and putting
3962
02:31:19,760 --> 02:31:20,760
them onto contacts i'm now taking
3963
02:31:21,680 --> 02:31:22,680
contacts and putting them onto pins and
3964
02:31:24,240 --> 02:31:25,240
if we look at the circuit
3965
02:31:26,479 --> 02:31:27,479
you can see there are no pins on it
3966
02:31:28,160 --> 02:31:29,160
right it's just contacts and what would
3967
02:31:30,479 --> 02:31:31,479
happen is by putting this
3968
02:31:33,840 --> 02:31:34,840
and i'm going to go back for a second on
3969
02:31:35,920 --> 02:31:36,920
this you now have
3970
02:31:38,479 --> 02:31:39,479
the contacts just like you would have
3971
02:31:40,319 --> 02:31:41,319
made them with the zip socket but it's
3972
02:31:42,319 --> 02:31:43,319
reverse and the benefit of course is
3973
02:31:44,479 --> 02:31:45,479
because this doesn't have any pins that
3974
02:31:46,319 --> 02:31:47,319
can be bent it's easier to transport the
3975
02:31:49,120 --> 02:31:50,120
the cpu without damaging it
3976
02:31:53,520 --> 02:31:54,520
so now we've talked about sockets in
3977
02:31:55,439 --> 02:31:56,439
general including a zip socket which is
3978
02:31:57,840 --> 02:31:58,840
a zero insertion four socket this works
3979
02:32:00,800 --> 02:32:01,800
using a pga a pin grid array and we also
3980
02:32:04,720 --> 02:32:05,720
talked about an lga socket land grid
3981
02:32:07,200 --> 02:32:08,200
array in which the contacts land on the
3982
02:32:10,479 --> 02:32:11,479
pins
3983
02:32:11,680 --> 02:32:12,680
so now let's look at intel socket types
3984
02:32:14,640 --> 02:32:15,640
and amd socket types
3985
02:32:17,040 --> 02:32:18,040
i've made a table here that sort of
3986
02:32:18,800 --> 02:32:19,800
demonstrates which sockets go along with
3987
02:32:22,000 --> 02:32:23,000
which
3988
02:32:22,840 --> 02:32:23,840
cpus and
3989
02:32:24,640 --> 02:32:25,640
you can actually split this table right
3990
02:32:26,479 --> 02:32:27,479
down the middle
3991
02:32:29,040 --> 02:32:30,040
and again what i want to point out is
3992
02:32:30,640 --> 02:32:31,640
you do not need to necessarily cram all
3993
02:32:32,720 --> 02:32:33,720
this information into your head it would
3994
02:32:34,560 --> 02:32:35,560
be difficult too because you see a lot
3995
02:32:36,160 --> 02:32:37,160
of crossovers a lot of xeon processors
3996
02:32:38,399 --> 02:32:39,399
that use similar sockets and one of the
3997
02:32:40,800 --> 02:32:41,800
main reasons we have so many sockets by
3998
02:32:42,640 --> 02:32:43,640
the way is because
3999
02:32:44,319 --> 02:32:45,319
i need to make sure when i go to the
4000
02:32:45,520 --> 02:32:46,520
store to buy a motherboard that goes
4001
02:32:47,120 --> 02:32:48,120
along with my cpu
4002
02:32:49,200 --> 02:32:50,200
that i'm using that i have a cpu and a
4003
02:32:51,920 --> 02:32:52,920
motherboard that are compatible with
4004
02:32:53,200 --> 02:32:54,200
each other so this was an easy physical
4005
02:32:54,880 --> 02:32:55,880
way to make that happen
4006
02:32:56,960 --> 02:32:57,960
but again you don't need to memorize
4007
02:32:59,120 --> 02:33:00,120
necessarily all of this stuff what you
4008
02:33:01,120 --> 02:33:02,120
do need to be able to do is recognize
4009
02:33:02,880 --> 02:33:03,880
which sockets go along with intel which
4010
02:33:05,280 --> 02:33:06,280
sockets go along with amd and then
4011
02:33:07,359 --> 02:33:08,359
you're probably going to be able to want
4012
02:33:08,560 --> 02:33:09,560
to recognize some of these names which i
4013
02:33:10,319 --> 02:33:11,319
will go over
4014
02:33:11,680 --> 02:33:12,680
so let's talk about the intel sockets so
4015
02:33:14,000 --> 02:33:15,000
one thing you're going to notice about
4016
02:33:15,200 --> 02:33:16,200
intel you can look at this socket right
4017
02:33:17,520 --> 02:33:18,520
here and there are not going to be any
4018
02:33:18,800 --> 02:33:19,800
pictures of sockets on the a plus exam
4019
02:33:20,880 --> 02:33:21,880
and asking you to recognize them but
4020
02:33:24,399 --> 02:33:25,399
you do want to know that these are lga
4021
02:33:26,240 --> 02:33:27,240
sockets so intel nowadays uses mostly
4022
02:33:28,560 --> 02:33:29,560
lga sockets as is indicative by this
4023
02:33:32,000 --> 02:33:33,000
indicated by this picture
4024
02:33:35,520 --> 02:33:36,520
i want to point out these names core 2
4025
02:33:37,359 --> 02:33:38,359
duo and core 2 quad that's telling you
4026
02:33:39,600 --> 02:33:40,600
remember in the last
4027
02:33:41,200 --> 02:33:42,200
section we were talking about multi-core
4028
02:33:44,720 --> 02:33:45,720
processors meaning that the processor
4029
02:33:46,960 --> 02:33:47,960
itself had multiple cores so it
4030
02:33:49,439 --> 02:33:50,439
basically had multiple processors within
4031
02:33:51,600 --> 02:33:52,600
the pro the one processor that's what
4032
02:33:53,840 --> 02:33:54,840
that means so the duo has two and the
4033
02:33:55,920 --> 02:33:56,920
quad has four
4034
02:33:57,359 --> 02:33:58,359
xeon is the brand name that's generally
4035
02:33:59,760 --> 02:34:00,760
associated with servers so the intel
4036
02:34:01,920 --> 02:34:02,920
xeon line of processors are usually
4037
02:34:04,880 --> 02:34:05,880
server processors and that's important
4038
02:34:06,800 --> 02:34:07,800
to know i'll talk about the
4039
02:34:08,800 --> 02:34:09,800
similar one when we get to amd for for
4040
02:34:11,280 --> 02:34:12,280
their line
4041
02:34:12,399 --> 02:34:13,399
pentium is sort of the name that intel
4042
02:34:14,160 --> 02:34:15,160
has given to their line of processors
4043
02:34:15,680 --> 02:34:16,680
for years and years and years and
4044
02:34:17,439 --> 02:34:18,439
celeron processors were mostly
4045
02:34:20,319 --> 02:34:21,319
for mobile devices such as laptops
4046
02:34:24,960 --> 02:34:25,960
now here we can see the lga 1155 you'll
4047
02:34:28,080 --> 02:34:29,080
notice a couple things one is that now
4048
02:34:29,760 --> 02:34:30,760
you have some keying
4049
02:34:31,920 --> 02:34:32,920
around here meaning that you can only
4050
02:34:33,439 --> 02:34:34,439
put this in one way
4051
02:34:36,399 --> 02:34:37,399
uh the corners interestingly are all
4052
02:34:38,800 --> 02:34:39,800
pretty much similar
4053
02:34:40,800 --> 02:34:41,800
although
4054
02:34:41,920 --> 02:34:42,920
you do see some insets here
4055
02:34:45,680 --> 02:34:46,680
slightly different on this side which is
4056
02:34:47,760 --> 02:34:48,760
going to make it and here's one that's
4057
02:34:49,600 --> 02:34:50,600
not repeated on this side so you're only
4058
02:34:51,359 --> 02:34:52,359
going to put this in one way
4059
02:34:54,080 --> 02:34:55,080
you see the server again uh
4060
02:34:56,560 --> 02:34:57,560
xeon processors here the core i7 i5 i3
4061
02:35:00,479 --> 02:35:01,479
these are just different um
4062
02:35:02,880 --> 02:35:03,880
technology types that go along with
4063
02:35:04,160 --> 02:35:05,160
intel again not important you recognize
4064
02:35:07,200 --> 02:35:08,200
uh which ones go with which it's just
4065
02:35:09,520 --> 02:35:10,520
important that you do know that these
4066
02:35:10,960 --> 02:35:11,960
are all intel
4067
02:35:15,040 --> 02:35:16,040
the 1156 looks very similar to the 1155
4068
02:35:18,640 --> 02:35:19,640
and uh the 1366 again using has some of
4069
02:35:22,720 --> 02:35:23,720
the same exact processors it's a little
4070
02:35:25,520 --> 02:35:26,520
more square
4071
02:35:27,359 --> 02:35:28,359
this picture shows you the color
4072
02:35:29,120 --> 02:35:30,120
differentiation here a lot better
4073
02:35:32,240 --> 02:35:33,240
just so you know which way you're
4074
02:35:33,439 --> 02:35:34,439
putting in again you can see some keying
4075
02:35:36,080 --> 02:35:37,080
here's a piece of plastic on that side
4076
02:35:37,840 --> 02:35:38,840
it's not repeated on this side
4077
02:35:41,120 --> 02:35:42,120
and i just want to point out too this
4078
02:35:42,960 --> 02:35:43,960
big metal structure
4079
02:35:45,200 --> 02:35:46,200
that keeps the cpu in place because it
4080
02:35:48,080 --> 02:35:49,080
doesn't have pins that go into holes
4081
02:35:49,680 --> 02:35:50,680
that would sort of keep it from moving
4082
02:35:50,880 --> 02:35:51,880
around because they're just contacts
4083
02:35:52,720 --> 02:35:53,720
that sort of lay on there we needed a
4084
02:35:55,280 --> 02:35:56,280
way to make sure that that cpu wasn't
4085
02:35:57,439 --> 02:35:58,439
going to jostle around
4086
02:36:00,319 --> 02:36:01,319
all right so we've now talked about the
4087
02:36:02,000 --> 02:36:03,000
different intel socket types and what i
4088
02:36:04,560 --> 02:36:05,560
want to do now is move over to the amd
4089
02:36:06,880 --> 02:36:07,880
socket types
4090
02:36:09,760 --> 02:36:10,760
so one thing you'll notice about amd
4091
02:36:11,200 --> 02:36:12,200
socket types is for the most part
4092
02:36:13,280 --> 02:36:14,280
they're going to use
4093
02:36:15,120 --> 02:36:16,120
zips zero insertion force you can
4094
02:36:17,200 --> 02:36:18,200
actually see the name of the socket
4095
02:36:18,479 --> 02:36:19,479
right here and i was talking about that
4096
02:36:20,479 --> 02:36:21,479
lock right there earlier there it is so
4097
02:36:22,960 --> 02:36:23,960
you can see there's an arrow pointing
4098
02:36:24,319 --> 02:36:25,319
down and that says it's locked and the
4099
02:36:26,319 --> 02:36:27,319
arrow pointing up means when that lever
4100
02:36:27,760 --> 02:36:28,760
is up it is unlocked
4101
02:36:29,439 --> 02:36:30,439
the opteron
4102
02:36:31,200 --> 02:36:32,200
that is the server
4103
02:36:32,800 --> 02:36:33,800
brand
4104
02:36:34,160 --> 02:36:35,160
like the xeon for amd
4105
02:36:37,359 --> 02:36:38,359
all right so that's important to know
4106
02:36:39,200 --> 02:36:40,200
the 64 behind this athlon and by the way
4107
02:36:41,840 --> 02:36:42,840
athlon is sort of uh pentium right so am
4108
02:36:45,760 --> 02:36:46,760
intel pentium am deathlon that's just
4109
02:36:48,080 --> 02:36:49,080
sort of the line of processors the 64
4110
02:36:51,439 --> 02:36:52,439
says it is 64-bit
4111
02:36:53,760 --> 02:36:54,760
as opposed to a 32-bit
4112
02:36:57,680 --> 02:36:58,680
you can see an am2 here one thing i want
4113
02:37:00,160 --> 02:37:01,160
to point out is this whole housing all
4114
02:37:02,160 --> 02:37:03,160
around here this actually has to do with
4115
02:37:03,920 --> 02:37:04,920
attaching a heat sink and fan which
4116
02:37:05,520 --> 02:37:06,520
we'll look at in the next video again
4117
02:37:07,600 --> 02:37:08,600
here's your lever the lever is up right
4118
02:37:09,520 --> 02:37:10,520
now instead of down you can see some
4119
02:37:11,760 --> 02:37:12,760
keying
4120
02:37:13,520 --> 02:37:14,520
little plastic bits to make sure you're
4121
02:37:14,960 --> 02:37:15,960
going to put this in the right way and
4122
02:37:17,040 --> 02:37:18,040
actually here's a nice a really nice key
4123
02:37:19,439 --> 02:37:20,439
right here all right all of these on the
4124
02:37:21,760 --> 02:37:22,760
corners
4125
02:37:22,800 --> 02:37:23,800
you can see those all look similar this
4126
02:37:24,640 --> 02:37:25,640
one is keyed in only one way
4127
02:37:30,720 --> 02:37:31,720
the am2 plus
4128
02:37:33,200 --> 02:37:34,200
yet start adding the phenom line which
4129
02:37:35,520 --> 02:37:36,520
is just instead of athlon we have phenom
4130
02:37:39,760 --> 02:37:40,760
and we get a whole bunch more when we
4131
02:37:41,120 --> 02:37:42,120
get to the am3 and the am3 plus but one
4132
02:37:44,640 --> 02:37:45,640
thing i want to point out here you can
4133
02:37:45,920 --> 02:37:46,920
just see how similar these socket types
4134
02:37:48,560 --> 02:37:49,560
are this is a great image that
4135
02:37:49,760 --> 02:37:50,760
demonstrates how similar they are the
4136
02:37:51,520 --> 02:37:52,520
only real difference between the am3 and
4137
02:37:53,200 --> 02:37:54,200
the m2 are are two pins this one
4138
02:37:56,880 --> 02:37:57,880
and this one which are actually made
4139
02:37:58,080 --> 02:37:59,080
dark for you in this image and so i just
4140
02:38:00,960 --> 02:38:01,960
want to point out how very similar these
4141
02:38:02,640 --> 02:38:03,640
are again they're just changing these
4142
02:38:04,399 --> 02:38:05,399
because if they didn't then it would
4143
02:38:07,040 --> 02:38:08,040
by changing them allows them to
4144
02:38:09,680 --> 02:38:10,680
correspond and communicate with
4145
02:38:12,800 --> 02:38:13,800
motherboard manufacturers a lot easier
4146
02:38:14,800 --> 02:38:15,800
and therefore make it easier on the user
4147
02:38:18,160 --> 02:38:19,160
here's an am3 plus again still a zero
4148
02:38:20,560 --> 02:38:21,560
insertion force you remember those keys
4149
02:38:22,640 --> 02:38:23,640
i pointed out they're located here
4150
02:38:25,840 --> 02:38:26,840
here's a little uh there's a small one
4151
02:38:27,439 --> 02:38:28,439
right there
4152
02:38:32,800 --> 02:38:33,800
another one the fm1
4153
02:38:35,040 --> 02:38:36,040
uh
4154
02:38:35,840 --> 02:38:36,840
nice
4155
02:38:37,200 --> 02:38:38,200
some different type of keying in here
4156
02:38:39,120 --> 02:38:40,120
again you're not going to need to
4157
02:38:40,640 --> 02:38:41,640
recognize a picture of this but you can
4158
02:38:42,800 --> 02:38:43,800
see that we're getting
4159
02:38:44,479 --> 02:38:45,479
closer and closer to you know
4160
02:38:47,120 --> 02:38:48,120
newer and newer brands if you were to
4161
02:38:48,720 --> 02:38:49,720
sort sort of say
4162
02:38:50,319 --> 02:38:51,319
go out and search these
4163
02:38:53,439 --> 02:38:54,439
and finally the f the amdf is important
4164
02:38:55,920 --> 02:38:56,920
to know because as you can notice it's
4165
02:38:57,840 --> 02:38:58,840
an lga right so we've stepped away from
4166
02:39:00,080 --> 02:39:01,080
the zip and this gives you a nice
4167
02:39:02,000 --> 02:39:03,000
picture of that metal casing i was
4168
02:39:04,240 --> 02:39:05,240
talking about that goes over this whole
4169
02:39:06,319 --> 02:39:07,319
thing
4170
02:39:07,200 --> 02:39:08,200
right that's going to keep the cpu in
4171
02:39:09,359 --> 02:39:10,359
place
4172
02:39:11,920 --> 02:39:12,920
so again here's that table that lets you
4173
02:39:14,240 --> 02:39:15,240
recognize i want to point out again the
4174
02:39:15,760 --> 02:39:16,760
opteron and the xeon those are sort of
4175
02:39:17,520 --> 02:39:18,520
your servers right
4176
02:39:20,000 --> 02:39:21,000
the 64 is going to say a 64-bit you have
4177
02:39:23,200 --> 02:39:24,200
all these different sockets the f is the
4178
02:39:25,120 --> 02:39:26,120
only one of these that is an lga all of
4179
02:39:27,760 --> 02:39:28,760
the others are zips in the amd as the
4180
02:39:30,000 --> 02:39:31,000
name implies for intel all of these are
4181
02:39:32,240 --> 02:39:33,240
lgas
4182
02:39:35,120 --> 02:39:36,120
so now we've talked about the amd socket
4183
02:39:37,359 --> 02:39:38,359
types uh and again these are the ones
4184
02:39:40,240 --> 02:39:41,240
that a plus wants you to be able to
4185
02:39:41,680 --> 02:39:42,680
recognize for the exam which is why i
4186
02:39:43,760 --> 02:39:44,760
bring them up uh
4187
02:39:45,920 --> 02:39:46,920
if you think about your exam and all the
4188
02:39:47,840 --> 02:39:48,840
information it covers spending hours and
4189
02:39:49,920 --> 02:39:50,920
hours trying to cram this information
4190
02:39:51,600 --> 02:39:52,600
into your head is not going to be
4191
02:39:52,960 --> 02:39:53,960
worthwhile but i wanted to give you some
4192
02:39:54,720 --> 02:39:55,720
context so you understood and i do just
4193
02:39:57,040 --> 02:39:58,040
quickly want to go over these this
4194
02:39:58,720 --> 02:39:59,720
overview right here remember that zip is
4195
02:40:01,439 --> 02:40:02,439
zero insertion force
4196
02:40:03,680 --> 02:40:04,680
okay and that works
4197
02:40:05,359 --> 02:40:06,359
with a a pga which stands for pin grid
4198
02:40:09,680 --> 02:40:10,680
array
4199
02:40:11,200 --> 02:40:12,200
so the pins go in to the zero insertion
4200
02:40:14,000 --> 02:40:15,000
for a socket using a lever you move it
4201
02:40:16,479 --> 02:40:17,479
back and forth so that'll put it the
4202
02:40:18,479 --> 02:40:19,479
pins in contact with the metal contacts
4203
02:40:20,399 --> 02:40:21,399
on the motherboard and then you have an
4204
02:40:22,479 --> 02:40:23,479
lga which is land grid array and you can
4205
02:40:25,359 --> 02:40:26,359
remember that because it lands
4206
02:40:28,399 --> 02:40:29,399
the contacts land on the pins
4207
02:40:31,200 --> 02:40:32,200
mostly speaking zips are going to be
4208
02:40:33,120 --> 02:40:34,120
used with amd
4209
02:40:35,920 --> 02:40:36,920
and land grid are going to be used with
4210
02:40:38,160 --> 02:40:39,160
intel
4211
02:40:39,680 --> 02:40:40,680
so now that we've covered all these
4212
02:40:41,120 --> 02:40:42,120
different intel and amd socket types and
4213
02:40:43,600 --> 02:40:44,600
the physical uh way in which these are
4214
02:40:46,000 --> 02:40:47,000
going to communicate with the
4215
02:40:47,040 --> 02:40:48,040
motherboard let's talk about something
4216
02:40:49,200 --> 02:40:50,200
that's really important when it comes to
4217
02:40:51,600 --> 02:40:52,600
computers in general electronics in
4218
02:40:53,279 --> 02:40:54,279
general but especially the cpu because
4219
02:40:55,359 --> 02:40:56,359
of how important it is and how fast it
4220
02:40:57,120 --> 02:40:58,120
runs which is heat and how we cool
4221
02:41:00,720 --> 02:41:01,720
systems so that they do not overheat
4222
02:41:08,220 --> 02:41:09,220
[Music]
4223
02:41:28,840 --> 02:41:29,840
cpu
4224
02:41:30,399 --> 02:41:31,399
cooling
4225
02:41:33,439 --> 02:41:34,439
as you've probably seen on this slide
4226
02:41:35,279 --> 02:41:36,279
that i keep bringing up every time we
4227
02:41:36,640 --> 02:41:37,640
talk about cpus
4228
02:41:38,319 --> 02:41:39,319
the cpu itself and the sockets are only
4229
02:41:41,680 --> 02:41:42,680
half the story the other story are these
4230
02:41:44,240 --> 02:41:45,240
things fans and heatsinks and other
4231
02:41:46,960 --> 02:41:47,960
things that keep the cpu cool this is a
4232
02:41:49,920 --> 02:41:50,920
major component of the a plus exam and
4233
02:41:51,840 --> 02:41:52,840
something that we should spend a little
4234
02:41:53,040 --> 02:41:54,040
bit of time going
4235
02:41:56,840 --> 02:41:57,840
over so we're going to talk about
4236
02:41:59,439 --> 02:42:00,439
cooling in general why it's necessary
4237
02:42:02,240 --> 02:42:03,240
and then we're going to talk about
4238
02:42:03,920 --> 02:42:04,920
the three main components when it comes
4239
02:42:06,000 --> 02:42:07,000
to cooling your cpu and the ones that
4240
02:42:08,479 --> 02:42:09,479
are will definitely definitely pop up on
4241
02:42:10,880 --> 02:42:11,880
the a plus exam which is the heat sink
4242
02:42:13,600 --> 02:42:14,600
fans
4243
02:42:14,960 --> 02:42:15,960
and then the thermal compound
4244
02:42:18,240 --> 02:42:19,240
i also want to talk about something
4245
02:42:19,520 --> 02:42:20,520
called liquid-based cooling which is
4246
02:42:21,840 --> 02:42:22,840
specifically for when
4247
02:42:23,920 --> 02:42:24,920
people overclock their systems and
4248
02:42:26,960 --> 02:42:27,960
really need to cool down their systems
4249
02:42:29,439 --> 02:42:30,439
because they're running so fast and so
4250
02:42:31,600 --> 02:42:32,600
hot
4251
02:42:32,800 --> 02:42:33,800
all right so first of all why do we need
4252
02:42:34,800 --> 02:42:35,800
cooling what's the big deal well
4253
02:42:37,279 --> 02:42:38,279
as you probably know
4254
02:42:38,840 --> 02:42:39,840
electricity causes heat due to the
4255
02:42:41,040 --> 02:42:42,040
friction of the little electrons that
4256
02:42:43,760 --> 02:42:44,760
are going over the wire because they're
4257
02:42:45,200 --> 02:42:46,200
going over this metal wire right because
4258
02:42:47,040 --> 02:42:48,040
they're not in a vacuum they're causing
4259
02:42:49,279 --> 02:42:50,279
heat which is why when you have
4260
02:42:51,359 --> 02:42:52,359
electricity going through a cord for a
4261
02:42:53,200 --> 02:42:54,200
long period of time or you run your
4262
02:42:54,640 --> 02:42:55,640
computer for a long time it starts to
4263
02:42:55,920 --> 02:42:56,920
get a little hot well that's basically
4264
02:42:58,240 --> 02:42:59,240
because of electricity that's the way
4265
02:42:59,760 --> 02:43:00,760
that physics works and so because this
4266
02:43:02,880 --> 02:43:03,880
heat damages usually by melting metal
4267
02:43:05,920 --> 02:43:06,920
and electronics if it gets too hot the
4268
02:43:08,399 --> 02:43:09,399
computer needs to keep the
4269
02:43:10,720 --> 02:43:11,720
needs to keep itself at a certain
4270
02:43:12,319 --> 02:43:13,319
temperature and the cpu because it's so
4271
02:43:15,520 --> 02:43:16,520
small and because the so many there's so
4272
02:43:17,920 --> 02:43:18,920
much electronics going on in such a
4273
02:43:19,359 --> 02:43:20,359
small space
4274
02:43:20,640 --> 02:43:21,640
needs to keep extremely cool and is
4275
02:43:22,800 --> 02:43:23,800
always creating a lot a lot of heat so
4276
02:43:25,200 --> 02:43:26,200
they've had to develop ways to dissipate
4277
02:43:27,439 --> 02:43:28,439
this heat and get rid of it
4278
02:43:30,160 --> 02:43:31,160
so what we're going to talk about are
4279
02:43:32,240 --> 02:43:33,240
these two main ways heatsinks and fans
4280
02:43:34,640 --> 02:43:35,640
that we cool cpus and this has been in
4281
02:43:36,720 --> 02:43:37,720
cpus for just for
4282
02:43:38,800 --> 02:43:39,800
you know years and years and years and
4283
02:43:40,240 --> 02:43:41,240
if you ever build a cpu or you open uh
4284
02:43:42,800 --> 02:43:43,800
rather if you ever build a computer or
4285
02:43:44,479 --> 02:43:45,479
you open up a computer you're definitely
4286
02:43:46,319 --> 02:43:47,319
going to see these two things and i
4287
02:43:47,920 --> 02:43:48,920
guarantee you several questions on the
4288
02:43:49,680 --> 02:43:50,680
test will come from this subject
4289
02:43:52,399 --> 02:43:53,399
all right so the first thing we have are
4290
02:43:53,840 --> 02:43:54,840
heat sinks and as you can tell a heat
4291
02:43:56,080 --> 02:43:57,080
sink really isn't uh it doesn't look a
4292
02:43:58,800 --> 02:43:59,800
sink like in your kitchen
4293
02:44:01,120 --> 02:44:02,120
rather what it is is a series of metal
4294
02:44:04,399 --> 02:44:05,399
that directly touch the cpu and as you
4295
02:44:08,240 --> 02:44:09,240
know when metal touches metal it
4296
02:44:11,120 --> 02:44:12,120
conducts so what happens is the heat
4297
02:44:14,000 --> 02:44:15,000
literally is transferred from the bottom
4298
02:44:16,479 --> 02:44:17,479
here
4299
02:44:18,960 --> 02:44:19,960
up
4300
02:44:20,080 --> 02:44:21,080
through this metal
4301
02:44:22,720 --> 02:44:23,720
and then can dissipate out
4302
02:44:25,600 --> 02:44:26,600
up here
4303
02:44:27,200 --> 02:44:28,200
and so what happens is the heatsink
4304
02:44:29,600 --> 02:44:30,600
literally is a sink if you think about
4305
02:44:31,600 --> 02:44:32,600
it that way like a kitchen sink that
4306
02:44:33,120 --> 02:44:34,120
collects water it's a sink for heat and
4307
02:44:35,920 --> 02:44:36,920
because there's so much metal and
4308
02:44:37,760 --> 02:44:38,760
because it has little uh um you know
4309
02:44:40,319 --> 02:44:41,319
pathways in between it the air can get
4310
02:44:42,479 --> 02:44:43,479
in and why and and
4311
02:44:46,479 --> 02:44:47,479
sort of wipe away that heat so it cools
4312
02:44:49,359 --> 02:44:50,359
uh it releases the heat gets it away
4313
02:44:51,520 --> 02:44:52,520
from the cpu and then it can get out uh
4314
02:44:54,319 --> 02:44:55,319
into the chassis which then can blow
4315
02:44:56,479 --> 02:44:57,479
that heat away
4316
02:44:58,399 --> 02:44:59,399
here's another version of a heatsink and
4317
02:45:00,160 --> 02:45:01,160
you can see it's slightly different but
4318
02:45:01,680 --> 02:45:02,680
mainly what's great about this picture
4319
02:45:03,439 --> 02:45:04,439
is you can see down here how this entire
4320
02:45:05,920 --> 02:45:06,920
bottom area is one big metal surface and
4321
02:45:08,880 --> 02:45:09,880
then what happens is it goes up each one
4322
02:45:11,200 --> 02:45:12,200
of these individual sort of pieces of
4323
02:45:13,520 --> 02:45:14,520
metal and then
4324
02:45:15,359 --> 02:45:16,359
air which is sort of like blowing over
4325
02:45:18,319 --> 02:45:19,319
at the top
4326
02:45:21,520 --> 02:45:22,520
wipes away
4327
02:45:22,800 --> 02:45:23,800
all of the heat
4328
02:45:24,479 --> 02:45:25,479
now here's another version of a heat
4329
02:45:26,000 --> 02:45:27,000
sink and what's interesting about this
4330
02:45:27,279 --> 02:45:28,279
one is uh you can see
4331
02:45:29,840 --> 02:45:30,840
heat traveling up from down here up onto
4332
02:45:32,640 --> 02:45:33,640
these things and actually what you have
4333
02:45:34,720 --> 02:45:35,720
is you have a fan in the center and
4334
02:45:37,279 --> 02:45:38,279
that's the next thing we're going to
4335
02:45:38,319 --> 02:45:39,319
talk about which is a fan
4336
02:45:40,840 --> 02:45:41,840
uh then
4337
02:45:42,720 --> 02:45:43,720
creates airflow that blows all that heat
4338
02:45:45,520 --> 02:45:46,520
away all right so let's talk about fans
4339
02:45:48,160 --> 02:45:49,160
because uh one thing uh that we're
4340
02:45:50,800 --> 02:45:51,800
talking about with heatsinks this is an
4341
02:45:52,399 --> 02:45:53,399
important distinction is a heatsink is
4342
02:45:54,479 --> 02:45:55,479
what's called passive cooling meaning
4343
02:45:56,880 --> 02:45:57,880
there's there's no sort of moving parts
4344
02:45:59,359 --> 02:46:00,359
there's nothing that's going on within
4345
02:46:01,520 --> 02:46:02,520
it it's not sort of um
4346
02:46:03,600 --> 02:46:04,600
it doesn't create any more electricity
4347
02:46:05,600 --> 02:46:06,600
no electricity is needed it is passive
4348
02:46:08,080 --> 02:46:09,080
right nothing is happening fans on the
4349
02:46:10,640 --> 02:46:11,640
other hand are what are called active
4350
02:46:12,720 --> 02:46:13,720
cooling
4351
02:46:13,680 --> 02:46:14,680
so active cooling means that it is
4352
02:46:15,520 --> 02:46:16,520
creating an airflow that actively moves
4353
02:46:18,319 --> 02:46:19,319
the heat away and we use passive with
4354
02:46:21,040 --> 02:46:22,040
active in order to have the best
4355
02:46:23,279 --> 02:46:24,279
heat dissipation possible
4356
02:46:25,439 --> 02:46:26,439
so here are a bunch of different fans
4357
02:46:27,200 --> 02:46:28,200
and what you'll see
4358
02:46:28,640 --> 02:46:29,640
right here and you'll see this on any
4359
02:46:30,640 --> 02:46:31,640
motherboard is a little connector with
4360
02:46:32,399 --> 02:46:33,399
four small little pins in it and now
4361
02:46:34,720 --> 02:46:35,720
that plugs into
4362
02:46:36,720 --> 02:46:37,720
the motherboard it powers the fan and
4363
02:46:39,680 --> 02:46:40,680
then the fan can blow
4364
02:46:41,760 --> 02:46:42,760
if we go back to this slide the fan can
4365
02:46:44,479 --> 02:46:45,479
blow away
4366
02:46:45,840 --> 02:46:46,840
all of that air if we're talking about
4367
02:46:47,760 --> 02:46:48,760
i'm just going to go back to one of
4368
02:46:48,880 --> 02:46:49,880
these previous heat sinks
4369
02:46:50,720 --> 02:46:51,720
what you would generally have is the cpu
4370
02:46:53,040 --> 02:46:54,040
down here in the bottom
4371
02:46:54,720 --> 02:46:55,720
right then you have the heatsink which
4372
02:46:56,720 --> 02:46:57,720
dissipates the air up the heat rather up
4373
02:46:59,359 --> 02:47:00,359
to here and then you generally have a
4374
02:47:01,680 --> 02:47:02,680
fan that sits on top
4375
02:47:04,319 --> 02:47:05,319
and here's my
4376
02:47:07,040 --> 02:47:08,040
here's my little fan all right
4377
02:47:09,840 --> 02:47:10,840
and it blows all of this air
4378
02:47:13,520 --> 02:47:14,520
that then allows the heat to dissipate
4379
02:47:15,600 --> 02:47:16,600
out
4380
02:47:16,560 --> 02:47:17,560
so
4381
02:47:17,680 --> 02:47:18,680
what's happening again is we have some
4382
02:47:19,760 --> 02:47:20,760
passive cooling going on here that
4383
02:47:21,920 --> 02:47:22,920
passively takes the heat moves it up and
4384
02:47:24,240 --> 02:47:25,240
then you have active cooling on the top
4385
02:47:27,520 --> 02:47:28,520
that's actively blowing that heat away
4386
02:47:31,359 --> 02:47:32,359
now
4387
02:47:32,640 --> 02:47:33,640
if you remember what i just said we have
4388
02:47:34,960 --> 02:47:35,960
and i'm going to look at this from a
4389
02:47:36,319 --> 02:47:37,319
cross section if this is my cpu down
4390
02:47:38,560 --> 02:47:39,560
here
4391
02:47:39,359 --> 02:47:40,359
okay and then i have my heat sink on top
4392
02:47:45,840 --> 02:47:46,840
i want to make sure that none of the
4393
02:47:47,520 --> 02:47:48,520
heat that's developed by the cpu gets
4394
02:47:51,040 --> 02:47:52,040
lost when it goes to that heat sink
4395
02:47:53,120 --> 02:47:54,120
basically i want to make sure all of the
4396
02:47:54,880 --> 02:47:55,880
heat from that cpu goes up into the
4397
02:47:57,279 --> 02:47:58,279
heatsink and then the fan can sort of
4398
02:48:00,160 --> 02:48:01,160
blow it away okay in order to do that we
4399
02:48:03,279 --> 02:48:04,279
use something called a thermal compound
4400
02:48:05,680 --> 02:48:06,680
and this thermal compound creates a
4401
02:48:08,560 --> 02:48:09,560
tight bond between the cpu
4402
02:48:15,600 --> 02:48:16,600
and the heatsink
4403
02:48:17,920 --> 02:48:18,920
and uh if we look at this just going to
4404
02:48:19,920 --> 02:48:20,920
the next slide you can see here's the
4405
02:48:22,160 --> 02:48:23,160
cpu
4406
02:48:23,359 --> 02:48:24,359
okay and here's a heat sink and you see
4407
02:48:26,240 --> 02:48:27,240
this big piece of metal you can sort of
4408
02:48:27,920 --> 02:48:28,920
see the little pieces of metal right
4409
02:48:29,279 --> 02:48:30,279
over there that's going to go off right
4410
02:48:30,880 --> 02:48:31,880
and what this person is doing is
4411
02:48:32,080 --> 02:48:33,080
applying the thermal compound directly
4412
02:48:35,120 --> 02:48:36,120
onto the part of the cpu
4413
02:48:38,240 --> 02:48:39,240
and that's that center part by the way
4414
02:48:39,840 --> 02:48:40,840
the center part is really
4415
02:48:42,720 --> 02:48:43,720
that's where the the
4416
02:48:46,560 --> 02:48:47,560
that's where the heat that's where the
4417
02:48:47,840 --> 02:48:48,840
chip is okay and so he's applying that
4418
02:48:49,520 --> 02:48:50,520
there and then he puts the heatsink on
4419
02:48:52,960 --> 02:48:53,960
directly right onto that and it not only
4420
02:48:54,720 --> 02:48:55,720
sort of creates a glue but it also makes
4421
02:48:57,120 --> 02:48:58,120
a nice thin film that's going to make
4422
02:49:00,000 --> 02:49:01,000
sure all of the heat from the cpu
4423
02:49:01,920 --> 02:49:02,920
dissipates up into the heatsink
4424
02:49:07,200 --> 02:49:08,200
now when we really have a very very very
4425
02:49:10,640 --> 02:49:11,640
hot system which generally occurs
4426
02:49:12,720 --> 02:49:13,720
because of overclocking meaning that
4427
02:49:15,120 --> 02:49:16,120
we're telling the motherboard to run the
4428
02:49:16,800 --> 02:49:17,800
cpu at a faster rate than which the
4429
02:49:18,880 --> 02:49:19,880
motherboard is rated and the reason you
4430
02:49:20,640 --> 02:49:21,640
want to do this is if you're a big gamer
4431
02:49:22,560 --> 02:49:23,560
or you're running
4432
02:49:23,920 --> 02:49:24,920
applications that really need fast fast
4433
02:49:26,000 --> 02:49:27,000
speed well you can imagine that because
4434
02:49:28,000 --> 02:49:29,000
i'm running it so fast
4435
02:49:30,080 --> 02:49:31,080
the cpu is actually going to be even
4436
02:49:32,640 --> 02:49:33,640
hotter and because the heatsink and the
4437
02:49:35,520 --> 02:49:36,520
fan are not developed to
4438
02:49:37,840 --> 02:49:38,840
support the cpu going that hot what a
4439
02:49:40,080 --> 02:49:41,080
lot of people do is create what's called
4440
02:49:41,600 --> 02:49:42,600
liquid cooling and here you can see a
4441
02:49:43,760 --> 02:49:44,760
liquid cooling system i know it looks
4442
02:49:45,840 --> 02:49:46,840
funny but uh these are literally
4443
02:49:49,760 --> 02:49:50,760
uh this is carrying liquid that is
4444
02:49:52,479 --> 02:49:53,479
being cooled by this i generator right
4445
02:49:55,040 --> 02:49:56,040
here going in on top of the cpu and you
4446
02:49:58,399 --> 02:49:59,399
can sort of see the cpu socket right
4447
02:50:00,479 --> 02:50:01,479
there right it's taking all that heat
4448
02:50:02,640 --> 02:50:03,640
and it's cooling it so it's creating
4449
02:50:04,160 --> 02:50:05,160
like a like an air conditioning system
4450
02:50:06,000 --> 02:50:07,000
in some ways which uses liquid to cool
4451
02:50:08,640 --> 02:50:09,640
down the system now you can imagine this
4452
02:50:10,399 --> 02:50:11,399
is very dangerous unless it uh unless
4453
02:50:13,120 --> 02:50:14,120
you install it correctly because water
4454
02:50:14,720 --> 02:50:15,720
and electronics generally don't go well
4455
02:50:16,399 --> 02:50:17,399
together but they're used generally
4456
02:50:18,000 --> 02:50:19,000
using you know like liquid nitrogen and
4457
02:50:19,680 --> 02:50:20,680
stuff and you can see a guy here
4458
02:50:21,680 --> 02:50:22,680
who's created his own liquid system
4459
02:50:24,399 --> 02:50:25,399
you can see this just looks like a plain
4460
02:50:25,680 --> 02:50:26,680
old motherboard if you look right here
4461
02:50:27,200 --> 02:50:28,200
you see your audio cluster and your rj45
4462
02:50:31,120 --> 02:50:32,120
slots and your usb slots right and
4463
02:50:33,680 --> 02:50:34,680
here's even the ps2 and here's a dvi and
4464
02:50:37,120 --> 02:50:38,120
what this person is doing is pouring
4465
02:50:38,880 --> 02:50:39,880
liquid nitrogen you can see the fan
4466
02:50:41,840 --> 02:50:42,840
right liquid nitrogen into a container
4467
02:50:45,200 --> 02:50:46,200
that is going to keep the cpu cool and
4468
02:50:47,840 --> 02:50:48,840
you can see the cpu cool right there i'm
4469
02:50:49,279 --> 02:50:50,279
just going to erase everything because
4470
02:50:50,399 --> 02:50:51,399
you can see this looks like if you look
4471
02:50:52,560 --> 02:50:53,560
from that bar this actually looks like a
4472
02:50:56,080 --> 02:50:57,080
lga socket
4473
02:50:58,080 --> 02:50:59,080
okay and this is going to keep this cool
4474
02:51:00,800 --> 02:51:01,800
so that he can push the cpu past its
4475
02:51:04,160 --> 02:51:05,160
limits past of what it was made for uh
4476
02:51:06,479 --> 02:51:07,479
and
4477
02:51:07,359 --> 02:51:08,359
it's sort of like uh in some ways uh if
4478
02:51:10,880 --> 02:51:11,880
you remember for an exam instead of
4479
02:51:12,640 --> 02:51:13,640
learning the information you figured all
4480
02:51:14,000 --> 02:51:15,000
sorts of creative ways to cheat so
4481
02:51:15,920 --> 02:51:16,920
they're instead of buying a cpu that is
4482
02:51:18,479 --> 02:51:19,479
actually capable of going that fast or
4483
02:51:20,640 --> 02:51:21,640
in some cases the cpu just isn't
4484
02:51:23,040 --> 02:51:24,040
uh the technology isn't up to the speed
4485
02:51:25,600 --> 02:51:26,600
they need they're going to create a
4486
02:51:26,880 --> 02:51:27,880
workaround to cool it so that they can
4487
02:51:29,040 --> 02:51:30,040
overclock the cpu
4488
02:51:32,720 --> 02:51:33,720
so just as a uh
4489
02:51:34,720 --> 02:51:35,720
overview we just talked about cooling
4490
02:51:37,040 --> 02:51:38,040
we talked about why it was so important
4491
02:51:39,439 --> 02:51:40,439
which is because uh there's heat right
4492
02:51:42,560 --> 02:51:43,560
and heat is created by electricity
4493
02:51:46,800 --> 02:51:47,800
it's inherent
4494
02:51:48,560 --> 02:51:49,560
now
4495
02:51:49,600 --> 02:51:50,600
if you're using fiber optics like glass
4496
02:51:52,000 --> 02:51:53,000
for instance or plastic to transmit
4497
02:51:54,479 --> 02:51:55,479
stuff you're gonna actually have less
4498
02:51:55,760 --> 02:51:56,760
heat in that case because there's less
4499
02:51:57,120 --> 02:51:58,120
friction but as long as we're using
4500
02:51:58,399 --> 02:51:59,399
metal and even in using glass and
4501
02:52:00,720 --> 02:52:01,720
plastic there's still going to be
4502
02:52:01,760 --> 02:52:02,760
friction
4503
02:52:04,399 --> 02:52:05,399
this is still going to cause heat and so
4504
02:52:06,560 --> 02:52:07,560
we have is we have two types of cooling
4505
02:52:08,720 --> 02:52:09,720
right we have the heat sink which if you
4506
02:52:11,439 --> 02:52:12,439
recall is passive cooling again there's
4507
02:52:13,840 --> 02:52:14,840
nothing active going on there's no
4508
02:52:15,359 --> 02:52:16,359
moving parts it's basically just a large
4509
02:52:17,680 --> 02:52:18,680
piece of metal
4510
02:52:18,880 --> 02:52:19,880
i'm just going to draw my sort of
4511
02:52:20,479 --> 02:52:21,479
version of a heat sink right here yeah
4512
02:52:23,200 --> 02:52:24,200
big piece of metal that captures that
4513
02:52:24,800 --> 02:52:25,800
heat and sends it up to other little
4514
02:52:26,640 --> 02:52:27,640
metal and then the fan
4515
02:52:30,800 --> 02:52:31,800
is the octave cooling so we have the fan
4516
02:52:33,359 --> 02:52:34,359
on top there
4517
02:52:37,120 --> 02:52:38,120
that blows all that air over this and
4518
02:52:40,000 --> 02:52:41,000
that allows the heat to dissipate out to
4519
02:52:41,760 --> 02:52:42,760
the sides so the heat comes up the fan
4520
02:52:44,479 --> 02:52:45,479
blows it off to the sides and then
4521
02:52:46,399 --> 02:52:47,399
because it's in the chassis the chassis
4522
02:52:48,399 --> 02:52:49,399
like a power supply has a fan as well
4523
02:52:50,160 --> 02:52:51,160
which is blowing that out of the entire
4524
02:52:51,680 --> 02:52:52,680
chassis all right it's important to know
4525
02:52:54,800 --> 02:52:55,800
this is something that will come up on
4526
02:52:55,840 --> 02:52:56,840
the 10 the thermal compound
4527
02:52:58,399 --> 02:52:59,399
goes between
4528
02:53:00,720 --> 02:53:01,720
the cpu
4529
02:53:04,560 --> 02:53:05,560
and the heat sink okay it does not go
4530
02:53:07,359 --> 02:53:08,359
between the heat sink and the fan again
4531
02:53:09,200 --> 02:53:10,200
the fan is creating an air sort of uh
4532
02:53:12,000 --> 02:53:13,000
it's creating air that's blowing the
4533
02:53:13,600 --> 02:53:14,600
heat away we actually want a little
4534
02:53:15,359 --> 02:53:16,359
space there
4535
02:53:16,720 --> 02:53:17,720
with the cpu and the heat sink having
4536
02:53:19,279 --> 02:53:20,279
that thermal compound between them
4537
02:53:20,880 --> 02:53:21,880
creates a nice
4538
02:53:22,399 --> 02:53:23,399
film that is going to make sure all of
4539
02:53:24,319 --> 02:53:25,319
the heat
4540
02:53:25,359 --> 02:53:26,359
travels from the cpu up through the
4541
02:53:27,279 --> 02:53:28,279
heatsink as opposed to if i just draw
4542
02:53:30,160 --> 02:53:31,160
really quickly if this is let's say our
4543
02:53:32,000 --> 02:53:33,000
cpu
4544
02:53:33,279 --> 02:53:34,279
and this is the heatsink right
4545
02:53:36,080 --> 02:53:37,080
and let's say i have a nice sort of area
4546
02:53:39,040 --> 02:53:40,040
here it's nice and glued but then i have
4547
02:53:40,319 --> 02:53:41,319
a little bit of air right in there and
4548
02:53:42,000 --> 02:53:43,000
then i have more here now what's gonna
4549
02:53:43,600 --> 02:53:44,600
happen is there's gonna be like a little
4550
02:53:45,040 --> 02:53:46,040
air pocket in there of heat and that
4551
02:53:47,359 --> 02:53:48,359
eventually is gonna damage the cpu so we
4552
02:53:50,080 --> 02:53:51,080
have to make sure we have a thermal
4553
02:53:51,120 --> 02:53:52,120
compound that goes in between the cpu
4554
02:53:53,760 --> 02:53:54,760
and the heatsink that allows for the
4555
02:53:55,520 --> 02:53:56,520
perfect amount of heat dissipation
4556
02:53:58,880 --> 02:53:59,880
and then of course the liquid based
4557
02:54:01,600 --> 02:54:02,600
which is
4558
02:54:03,279 --> 02:54:04,279
specifically
4559
02:54:06,160 --> 02:54:07,160
for overclocking your cpu is generally
4560
02:54:08,399 --> 02:54:09,399
what it's uh having to do with and it's
4561
02:54:11,120 --> 02:54:12,120
you're not gonna probably see this on a
4562
02:54:12,560 --> 02:54:13,560
lot of systems you might not even
4563
02:54:13,920 --> 02:54:14,920
encounter one ever but it's really for
4564
02:54:15,840 --> 02:54:16,840
gamers people who are really pushing
4565
02:54:17,439 --> 02:54:18,439
their computer to the limits and for
4566
02:54:19,520 --> 02:54:20,520
geeks who sort of want to do it all
4567
02:54:20,960 --> 02:54:21,960
right so those are the things we just
4568
02:54:22,319 --> 02:54:23,319
talked about and that sort of concludes
4569
02:54:24,319 --> 02:54:25,319
the cpu so now that we've talked about
4570
02:54:26,479 --> 02:54:27,479
the motherboard right the spinal cord
4571
02:54:29,040 --> 02:54:30,040
and now we've talked about the brain the
4572
02:54:30,640 --> 02:54:31,640
cpu i want to get into the two different
4573
02:54:33,120 --> 02:54:34,120
types of memory uh
4574
02:54:35,840 --> 02:54:36,840
the short term and the long term memory
4575
02:54:37,439 --> 02:54:38,439
right and we're going to talk about
4576
02:54:39,120 --> 02:54:40,120
random access memory first which is the
4577
02:54:42,000 --> 02:54:43,000
your desktop your short term memory it's
4578
02:54:43,840 --> 02:54:44,840
what allows you to work on stuff it's
4579
02:54:46,080 --> 02:54:47,080
the cpu passes information on to that
4580
02:54:48,800 --> 02:54:49,800
and then we're going to talk about
4581
02:54:49,920 --> 02:54:50,920
storage which is sort of your long-term
4582
02:54:51,600 --> 02:54:52,600
memory your hard drives etc
4583
02:54:58,380 --> 02:54:59,380
[Music]
4584
02:55:20,800 --> 02:55:21,800
ram
4585
02:55:22,000 --> 02:55:23,000
memory basics
4586
02:55:24,640 --> 02:55:25,640
now that we've discussed the spinal cord
4587
02:55:26,880 --> 02:55:27,880
of the computer the motherboard and the
4588
02:55:29,120 --> 02:55:30,120
brain of the computer cpu we need to
4589
02:55:32,080 --> 02:55:33,080
talk about the short term memory the
4590
02:55:33,840 --> 02:55:34,840
workspace of the computer that's where
4591
02:55:35,920 --> 02:55:36,920
memory comes in
4592
02:55:37,439 --> 02:55:38,439
what we talk about when we mean memory
4593
02:55:39,200 --> 02:55:40,200
in a computer and one of the main forms
4594
02:55:41,040 --> 02:55:42,040
of memory and discuss is something
4595
02:55:42,720 --> 02:55:43,720
called ram which is represented by these
4596
02:55:45,600 --> 02:55:46,600
things right here
4597
02:55:47,279 --> 02:55:48,279
now before we get into the specifics of
4598
02:55:49,200 --> 02:55:50,200
ram i actually want to talk about
4599
02:55:51,840 --> 02:55:52,840
ram in general so i want to talk about
4600
02:55:53,760 --> 02:55:54,760
what is memory uh what is
4601
02:55:56,720 --> 02:55:57,720
ram stands for random access memory so
4602
02:55:58,800 --> 02:55:59,800
what is memory and then i want to talk
4603
02:56:00,880 --> 02:56:01,880
very briefly about the memory controller
4604
02:56:03,200 --> 02:56:04,200
which is going to come up again and
4605
02:56:04,640 --> 02:56:05,640
again and it sort of is important to
4606
02:56:07,279 --> 02:56:08,279
identify now because we're going to talk
4607
02:56:09,120 --> 02:56:10,120
more about how it affects the way ram
4608
02:56:11,600 --> 02:56:12,600
and the cpu interact
4609
02:56:13,760 --> 02:56:14,760
and then i want to talk very briefly
4610
02:56:15,680 --> 02:56:16,680
about the general types of memory that
4611
02:56:18,000 --> 02:56:19,000
we see
4612
02:56:19,040 --> 02:56:20,040
which are rom
4613
02:56:20,800 --> 02:56:21,800
and ram and i know that that's uh
4614
02:56:23,840 --> 02:56:24,840
that's a slight distinction there but we
4615
02:56:26,000 --> 02:56:27,000
will talk about what those two things
4616
02:56:27,600 --> 02:56:28,600
mean
4617
02:56:28,800 --> 02:56:29,800
and then i want to talk about the two
4618
02:56:30,240 --> 02:56:31,240
major types of ram we've seen which are
4619
02:56:32,560 --> 02:56:33,560
sram
4620
02:56:33,680 --> 02:56:34,680
and dram
4621
02:56:35,520 --> 02:56:36,520
and we'll discuss the difference between
4622
02:56:37,200 --> 02:56:38,200
those and which one is really the type
4623
02:56:39,200 --> 02:56:40,200
of ram that we're going to be discussing
4624
02:56:40,960 --> 02:56:41,960
when we get into further on in this
4625
02:56:42,399 --> 02:56:43,399
course
4626
02:56:43,840 --> 02:56:44,840
all right
4627
02:56:46,479 --> 02:56:47,479
so let's first talk about what is memory
4628
02:56:49,600 --> 02:56:50,600
memory is as i've mentioned the short
4629
02:56:51,760 --> 02:56:52,760
term memory in human terms of the
4630
02:56:54,399 --> 02:56:55,399
computer in other words it's the
4631
02:56:56,240 --> 02:56:57,240
computer's desk or the computer's
4632
02:56:58,399 --> 02:56:59,399
workspace so what i mean by that is
4633
02:57:00,880 --> 02:57:01,880
let's say you're working on
4634
02:57:02,720 --> 02:57:03,720
a word document or the computer's
4635
02:57:04,479 --> 02:57:05,479
accessing a web page
4636
02:57:06,399 --> 02:57:07,399
it doesn't want to save that web page to
4637
02:57:08,479 --> 02:57:09,479
its hard drive it needs some place to
4638
02:57:10,720 --> 02:57:11,720
sort of allow that web page to load and
4639
02:57:13,439 --> 02:57:14,439
work it needs some place to allow you to
4640
02:57:15,279 --> 02:57:16,279
type in your document before it commits
4641
02:57:17,439 --> 02:57:18,439
it to its hard drive memory that's what
4642
02:57:19,920 --> 02:57:20,920
the ram is there for that's what memory
4643
02:57:22,640 --> 02:57:23,640
is
4644
02:57:23,840 --> 02:57:24,840
there are different types of memory and
4645
02:57:25,760 --> 02:57:26,760
just like with different humans who take
4646
02:57:27,600 --> 02:57:28,600
longer or shorter times to access their
4647
02:57:29,760 --> 02:57:30,760
memories it can take longer or shorter
4648
02:57:32,319 --> 02:57:33,319
time to access different types of memory
4649
02:57:34,479 --> 02:57:35,479
and that's really what distinguishes the
4650
02:57:36,080 --> 02:57:37,080
different types of memory is how fast
4651
02:57:38,240 --> 02:57:39,240
and how how fast we can access it and
4652
02:57:40,319 --> 02:57:41,319
how much of it we have
4653
02:57:42,880 --> 02:57:43,880
there's also an important distinction we
4654
02:57:44,479 --> 02:57:45,479
need to make between volatile and
4655
02:57:46,640 --> 02:57:47,640
non-volatile memory now we've brought
4656
02:57:48,560 --> 02:57:49,560
these two terms up before when we were
4657
02:57:50,160 --> 02:57:51,160
talking specifically about the bios if
4658
02:57:52,640 --> 02:57:53,640
you recall right we said that the bios
4659
02:57:55,359 --> 02:57:56,359
was actually stored on something that
4660
02:57:57,200 --> 02:57:58,200
was non-volatile but it put the
4661
02:57:59,439 --> 02:58:00,439
information like the date and time into
4662
02:58:01,439 --> 02:58:02,439
something that was volatile and that's
4663
02:58:03,120 --> 02:58:04,120
why we needed a battery
4664
02:58:06,000 --> 02:58:07,000
so what it really means again is
4665
02:58:09,120 --> 02:58:10,120
volatile
4666
02:58:10,960 --> 02:58:11,960
memory is volatile
4667
02:58:13,439 --> 02:58:14,439
to power meaning that when power is
4668
02:58:16,319 --> 02:58:17,319
removed from the system the memory loses
4669
02:58:19,200 --> 02:58:20,200
its information
4670
02:58:21,600 --> 02:58:22,600
as opposed to non-volatile memory which
4671
02:58:24,000 --> 02:58:25,000
is the opposite which when the power
4672
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:27,000
goes off
4673
02:58:28,080 --> 02:58:29,080
still retains the information that's on
4674
02:58:30,800 --> 02:58:31,800
it this is an important distinction make
4675
02:58:32,720 --> 02:58:33,720
and it's going to come back over and
4676
02:58:34,080 --> 02:58:35,080
over again so you want to commit to
4677
02:58:36,000 --> 02:58:37,000
memory non-volatile when the power goes
4678
02:58:38,560 --> 02:58:39,560
off the information stays
4679
02:58:40,880 --> 02:58:41,880
volatile the power goes off the
4680
02:58:42,800 --> 02:58:43,800
information also goes away
4681
02:58:46,399 --> 02:58:47,399
the memory controller is the go between
4682
02:58:49,439 --> 02:58:50,439
for the memory and the cpu
4683
02:58:51,600 --> 02:58:52,600
meaning it's how the cpu talks to the
4684
02:58:54,160 --> 02:58:55,160
memory
4685
02:58:55,920 --> 02:58:56,920
it stores information to and retrieves
4686
02:58:58,880 --> 02:58:59,880
information from the memory and the
4687
02:59:01,359 --> 02:59:02,359
reason this is important is the memory
4688
02:59:03,120 --> 02:59:04,120
controller has a lot to do with sort of
4689
02:59:05,520 --> 02:59:06,520
the lag that's going to occur right uh
4690
02:59:09,120 --> 02:59:10,120
the amount of time it takes to get from
4691
02:59:12,319 --> 02:59:13,319
or the cpu to
4692
02:59:14,640 --> 02:59:15,640
the memory and from the hard drive to
4693
02:59:17,200 --> 02:59:18,200
the memory etc etc
4694
02:59:19,359 --> 02:59:20,359
this used to be within the northbridge
4695
02:59:20,960 --> 02:59:21,960
if you recall the north bridge is what
4696
02:59:23,040 --> 02:59:24,040
allows the motherboard components to
4697
02:59:24,960 --> 02:59:25,960
talk to the cpu
4698
02:59:26,720 --> 02:59:27,720
and it used to be therefore built onto
4699
02:59:28,560 --> 02:59:29,560
the chipset onto the motherboard
4700
02:59:30,800 --> 02:59:31,800
nowadays however it's what's called on
4701
02:59:33,520 --> 02:59:34,520
die which means that it's usually built
4702
02:59:36,240 --> 02:59:37,240
onto the cpu itself
4703
02:59:38,319 --> 02:59:39,319
that's because it improves the speed
4704
02:59:40,640 --> 02:59:41,640
that the cpu can access the information
4705
02:59:42,960 --> 02:59:43,960
and it also allows cpu manufacturers to
4706
02:59:45,520 --> 02:59:46,520
customize it to how the cpu works
4707
02:59:49,680 --> 02:59:50,680
so now we've discussed what memory is in
4708
02:59:52,240 --> 02:59:53,240
general the workspace of the computer
4709
02:59:54,640 --> 02:59:55,640
and the memory controller which allows
4710
02:59:57,680 --> 02:59:58,680
the cpu to talk with
4711
03:00:00,640 --> 03:00:01,640
the memory sometimes used uh
4712
03:00:03,359 --> 03:00:04,359
through the motherboard
4713
03:00:05,279 --> 03:00:06,279
and located either on the motherboard or
4714
03:00:07,920 --> 03:00:08,920
nowadays mostly on the cpu
4715
03:00:10,399 --> 03:00:11,399
so now let's talk generally about the
4716
03:00:12,240 --> 03:00:13,240
two major types of memory that we see
4717
03:00:15,920 --> 03:00:16,920
and then i want to talk about the two
4718
03:00:17,600 --> 03:00:18,600
subsets of ram memory
4719
03:00:20,800 --> 03:00:21,800
so first let's talk about rom
4720
03:00:22,800 --> 03:00:23,800
rom stands for read only memory as the
4721
03:00:26,479 --> 03:00:27,479
name implies you can only read from it
4722
03:00:28,720 --> 03:00:29,720
you can't write to it as you'll see you
4723
03:00:31,200 --> 03:00:32,200
see a word here that probably looks
4724
03:00:32,560 --> 03:00:33,560
familiar bios
4725
03:00:35,279 --> 03:00:36,279
and the bios
4726
03:00:36,960 --> 03:00:37,960
is something that has to always be there
4727
03:00:40,399 --> 03:00:41,399
right the computer always has to be able
4728
03:00:42,000 --> 03:00:43,000
to read from it because the minute power
4729
03:00:44,240 --> 03:00:45,240
goes to that motherboard it needs to
4730
03:00:46,000 --> 03:00:47,000
know what to do
4731
03:00:47,920 --> 03:00:48,920
this means that it is non-volatile
4732
03:00:50,160 --> 03:00:51,160
memory meaning the power goes off the
4733
03:00:53,040 --> 03:00:54,040
information on this biostrip on this rom
4734
03:00:55,359 --> 03:00:56,359
chip remains
4735
03:00:57,040 --> 03:00:58,040
as a result it generally stores the bios
4736
03:00:59,920 --> 03:01:00,920
and it's soldered or hardwired onto the
4737
03:01:03,520 --> 03:01:04,520
compute onto the computer motherboard
4738
03:01:06,399 --> 03:01:07,399
you can understand why this is necessary
4739
03:01:08,720 --> 03:01:09,720
it used to be if you wanted to update
4740
03:01:10,479 --> 03:01:11,479
the bios you had to replace the
4741
03:01:11,840 --> 03:01:12,840
motherboard now thankfully you can flash
4742
03:01:15,279 --> 03:01:16,279
upgrade the rom
4743
03:01:16,800 --> 03:01:17,800
the read-only memory and update the bios
4744
03:01:19,120 --> 03:01:20,120
software on it
4745
03:01:20,399 --> 03:01:21,399
of course
4746
03:01:21,600 --> 03:01:22,600
if as we've mentioned you lose power or
4747
03:01:23,680 --> 03:01:24,680
something goes wrong during this flash
4748
03:01:25,680 --> 03:01:26,680
your computer has now been bricked
4749
03:01:28,880 --> 03:01:29,880
this is different from ram and ram which
4750
03:01:31,600 --> 03:01:32,600
stands for random access memory
4751
03:01:34,399 --> 03:01:35,399
is really what most people are talking
4752
03:01:36,399 --> 03:01:37,399
about when they talk about memory and
4753
03:01:38,319 --> 03:01:39,319
these are some ram chips here including
4754
03:01:40,880 --> 03:01:41,880
an old ram chip there
4755
03:01:43,760 --> 03:01:44,760
ram is volatile memory
4756
03:01:46,640 --> 03:01:47,640
meaning that when the power goes off the
4757
03:01:49,279 --> 03:01:50,279
information stored on these chips also
4758
03:01:51,760 --> 03:01:52,760
goes away
4759
03:01:53,600 --> 03:01:54,600
this is the main memory used as a
4760
03:01:56,319 --> 03:01:57,319
workspace for the cpu
4761
03:01:59,040 --> 03:02:00,040
when people talk about as i've mentioned
4762
03:02:01,520 --> 03:02:02,520
memory in the computer what they really
4763
03:02:03,520 --> 03:02:04,520
mean is this
4764
03:02:04,880 --> 03:02:05,880
this is absolutely necessary for your
4765
03:02:07,680 --> 03:02:08,680
computer to run as fast as it can in
4766
03:02:10,800 --> 03:02:11,800
some cases upgrading the ram will
4767
03:02:13,520 --> 03:02:14,520
actually do more than upgrading your cpu
4768
03:02:16,240 --> 03:02:17,240
think about it if you're a pretty
4769
03:02:17,840 --> 03:02:18,840
intelligent smart person but you have a
4770
03:02:20,160 --> 03:02:21,160
small workspace
4771
03:02:21,920 --> 03:02:22,920
then it's going to take you a longer
4772
03:02:23,600 --> 03:02:24,600
time to get work done but if you have a
4773
03:02:25,600 --> 03:02:26,600
larger workspace the more workspace you
4774
03:02:28,080 --> 03:02:29,080
have the faster you can actually work
4775
03:02:30,080 --> 03:02:31,080
stuff even though your iq hasn't changed
4776
03:02:34,560 --> 03:02:35,560
the cpu can access any memory on the ram
4777
03:02:37,600 --> 03:02:38,600
chip at any time
4778
03:02:39,760 --> 03:02:40,760
and this is really the power in the cpu
4779
03:02:42,720 --> 03:02:43,720
and ram discussion
4780
03:02:46,319 --> 03:02:47,319
now there are two different types of ram
4781
03:02:48,880 --> 03:02:49,880
the first is called
4782
03:02:50,640 --> 03:02:51,640
sram which stands for static ram as the
4783
03:02:53,600 --> 03:02:54,600
name
4784
03:02:54,479 --> 03:02:55,479
static implies
4785
03:02:56,399 --> 03:02:57,399
the data is stored as a static image
4786
03:02:59,120 --> 03:03:00,120
until it's written over or powered down
4787
03:03:01,680 --> 03:03:02,680
so the images so the data is sort of put
4788
03:03:04,560 --> 03:03:05,560
onto this chip as an image let's say it
4789
03:03:07,600 --> 03:03:08,600
puts uh here here's a person a really
4790
03:03:10,560 --> 03:03:11,560
terrible person right
4791
03:03:12,479 --> 03:03:13,479
and that will stay there
4792
03:03:15,040 --> 03:03:16,040
until it's overwritten
4793
03:03:17,359 --> 03:03:18,359
let's say with
4794
03:03:19,359 --> 03:03:20,359
uh here's a girl okay so now we have
4795
03:03:21,760 --> 03:03:22,760
that guy that's been replaced with a
4796
03:03:23,120 --> 03:03:24,120
girl image
4797
03:03:24,399 --> 03:03:25,399
however that image is going to remain
4798
03:03:26,160 --> 03:03:27,160
there for as long as
4799
03:03:28,080 --> 03:03:29,080
i need it to until we erase it
4800
03:03:30,880 --> 03:03:31,880
which would happen when it's powered
4801
03:03:32,399 --> 03:03:33,399
down or overwritten
4802
03:03:34,479 --> 03:03:35,479
as a result it's very fast because that
4803
03:03:36,960 --> 03:03:37,960
image is always there and nothing has to
4804
03:03:38,640 --> 03:03:39,640
be done with it it's also very expensive
4805
03:03:41,920 --> 03:03:42,920
and as a result it's hard to make it
4806
03:03:44,080 --> 03:03:45,080
very large in capacity and because of
4807
03:03:46,880 --> 03:03:47,880
that it's limited and it's not a great
4808
03:03:49,040 --> 03:03:50,040
workspace it's like a really good
4809
03:03:52,319 --> 03:03:53,319
solid workspace but unfortunately it's
4810
03:03:54,720 --> 03:03:55,720
not very large and therefore it's
4811
03:03:56,319 --> 03:03:57,319
limited so it's good for certain things
4812
03:03:58,479 --> 03:03:59,479
such as acting as a buffer or a cache
4813
03:04:01,040 --> 03:04:02,040
for things like the motherboard the hard
4814
03:04:03,200 --> 03:04:04,200
drive lcd screens will use it as a cache
4815
03:04:06,160 --> 03:04:07,160
or your lcd tv probably has some
4816
03:04:08,800 --> 03:04:09,800
sram chips on it in order to help that
4817
03:04:11,359 --> 03:04:12,359
image buffer and the cpu is going to
4818
03:04:13,520 --> 03:04:14,520
have built on
4819
03:04:15,760 --> 03:04:16,760
sram chips in order to help it get a
4820
03:04:17,760 --> 03:04:18,760
little uh it process things
4821
03:04:20,399 --> 03:04:21,399
seemingly faster for the computer
4822
03:04:22,560 --> 03:04:23,560
now this is different
4823
03:04:24,319 --> 03:04:25,319
from dram which stands for dynamic ram
4824
03:04:28,399 --> 03:04:29,399
the difference is that instead of using
4825
03:04:30,000 --> 03:04:31,000
a static image
4826
03:04:32,080 --> 03:04:33,080
the data needs to be refreshed
4827
03:04:34,080 --> 03:04:35,080
constantly this is because each bit is
4828
03:04:36,800 --> 03:04:37,800
stored on separate capacitors and
4829
03:04:38,720 --> 03:04:39,720
capacitors you might uh recognize are
4830
03:04:41,040 --> 03:04:42,040
sort of those cylindrical it's a
4831
03:04:42,960 --> 03:04:43,960
horrible cylinder
4832
03:04:44,479 --> 03:04:45,479
but sort of those cylindrical things
4833
03:04:46,720 --> 03:04:47,720
that you see on the motherboard right
4834
03:04:48,880 --> 03:04:49,880
now they are very very small you can i
4835
03:04:50,960 --> 03:04:51,960
mean
4836
03:04:51,760 --> 03:04:52,760
smaller than even i'm i'm making them
4837
03:04:53,359 --> 03:04:54,359
out to be and they exist inside
4838
03:04:55,840 --> 03:04:56,840
of these chips and each bit is stored on
4839
03:04:58,399 --> 03:04:59,399
a separate capacitor and as a result
4840
03:05:00,080 --> 03:05:01,080
these capacitors which is like a battery
4841
03:05:01,600 --> 03:05:02,600
will quickly lose its charge and so it
4842
03:05:03,279 --> 03:05:04,279
needs to constantly be refreshed as a
4843
03:05:05,600 --> 03:05:06,600
result
4844
03:05:06,800 --> 03:05:07,800
it's a little bit slower but it's much
4845
03:05:09,359 --> 03:05:10,359
simpler in its design and therefore it
4846
03:05:11,840 --> 03:05:12,840
can reach a higher capacity it can get
4847
03:05:14,000 --> 03:05:15,000
larger as a result this is what most
4848
03:05:17,040 --> 03:05:18,040
people mean when they reference ram okay
4849
03:05:20,160 --> 03:05:21,160
this is what they're talking about when
4850
03:05:21,520 --> 03:05:22,520
they talk about ram or memory
4851
03:05:24,080 --> 03:05:25,080
when you see it on the test this is what
4852
03:05:25,520 --> 03:05:26,520
we're talking about we're talking about
4853
03:05:26,720 --> 03:05:27,720
dram
4854
03:05:30,080 --> 03:05:31,080
dram is also packaged in sticks that are
4855
03:05:33,359 --> 03:05:34,359
installed on motherboard slots by the
4856
03:05:34,880 --> 03:05:35,880
way here is a large capacitor just so
4857
03:05:37,200 --> 03:05:38,200
you can see what those look like and
4858
03:05:38,880 --> 03:05:39,880
here are slots that you can see sticks
4859
03:05:41,120 --> 03:05:42,120
of ram would go into
4860
03:05:44,479 --> 03:05:45,479
one thing that's really important is
4861
03:05:46,240 --> 03:05:47,240
that
4862
03:05:47,279 --> 03:05:48,279
you must realize ram just like the cpu
4863
03:05:49,840 --> 03:05:50,840
has to be compatible with the
4864
03:05:51,279 --> 03:05:52,279
motherboard you're installing it on i
4865
03:05:53,279 --> 03:05:54,279
can't just go buy any piece of ram and
4866
03:05:55,040 --> 03:05:56,040
put it on any motherboard
4867
03:06:00,080 --> 03:06:01,080
so now we've talked about the types of
4868
03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:03,000
memory including rom
4869
03:06:03,840 --> 03:06:04,840
and ram and then we talked about the
4870
03:06:05,359 --> 03:06:06,359
types of ram which are sram and dram so
4871
03:06:09,200 --> 03:06:10,200
just as a recap
4872
03:06:11,120 --> 03:06:12,120
memory is the workspace or the short
4873
03:06:13,840 --> 03:06:14,840
term memory of the computer
4874
03:06:17,200 --> 03:06:18,200
the memory controller is
4875
03:06:20,240 --> 03:06:21,240
the so to speak
4876
03:06:22,399 --> 03:06:23,399
go-between
4877
03:06:25,120 --> 03:06:26,120
between
4878
03:06:26,160 --> 03:06:27,160
memory
4879
03:06:31,040 --> 03:06:32,040
and the cpu
4880
03:06:33,359 --> 03:06:34,359
we then talked about two different types
4881
03:06:35,359 --> 03:06:36,359
of ram uh memory the first being read
4882
03:06:38,560 --> 03:06:39,560
only memory
4883
03:06:40,560 --> 03:06:41,560
which is again
4884
03:06:42,720 --> 03:06:43,720
non-volatile
4885
03:06:44,319 --> 03:06:45,319
which means that a power goes away
4886
03:06:45,840 --> 03:06:46,840
that's okay
4887
03:06:47,200 --> 03:06:48,200
and then we have
4888
03:06:48,560 --> 03:06:49,560
ram which is
4889
03:06:50,080 --> 03:06:51,080
random access memory
4890
03:06:53,680 --> 03:06:54,680
which means
4891
03:06:55,120 --> 03:06:56,120
you can write and read from it but it is
4892
03:06:57,760 --> 03:06:58,760
also volatile memory we then talked
4893
03:07:00,399 --> 03:07:01,399
about the two different types of ram
4894
03:07:02,319 --> 03:07:03,319
that's static ram
4895
03:07:04,080 --> 03:07:05,080
which means that the
4896
03:07:06,080 --> 03:07:07,080
information is stored as an image on the
4897
03:07:08,160 --> 03:07:09,160
chip but it does not need to be
4898
03:07:10,640 --> 03:07:11,640
processed fast however
4899
03:07:13,040 --> 03:07:14,040
dram
4900
03:07:14,319 --> 03:07:15,319
which stands for dynamic ram
4901
03:07:17,520 --> 03:07:18,520
constantly needs to be refreshed but as
4902
03:07:19,760 --> 03:07:20,760
a result of its architecture it can be
4903
03:07:22,000 --> 03:07:23,000
built bigger and that's why this is
4904
03:07:24,399 --> 03:07:25,399
really what people are going to be
4905
03:07:25,760 --> 03:07:26,760
talking about
4906
03:07:27,359 --> 03:07:28,359
when we talk about ram and for the rest
4907
03:07:29,520 --> 03:07:30,520
of this
4908
03:07:31,200 --> 03:07:32,200
lesson and for most of the rest of the a
4909
03:07:33,680 --> 03:07:34,680
plus uh course that you're going through
4910
03:07:35,920 --> 03:07:36,920
right now when we talk about ram we're
4911
03:07:38,160 --> 03:07:39,160
talking about
4912
03:07:39,680 --> 03:07:40,680
dram
4913
03:07:40,800 --> 03:07:41,800
so having introduced all of these
4914
03:07:43,439 --> 03:07:44,439
concepts and again these are not
4915
03:07:44,960 --> 03:07:45,960
necessarily things they're going to test
4916
03:07:46,479 --> 03:07:47,479
you on in the test don't worry about
4917
03:07:47,760 --> 03:07:48,760
memorizing all of this stuff what you
4918
03:07:50,000 --> 03:07:51,000
really just want to understand here
4919
03:07:52,560 --> 03:07:53,560
is the difference between volatile and
4920
03:07:54,479 --> 03:07:55,479
non-volatile memory
4921
03:07:56,640 --> 03:07:57,640
and the difference between a rom chip
4922
03:07:58,399 --> 03:07:59,399
therefore in a ram chip and that when we
4923
03:08:00,880 --> 03:08:01,880
really talk about stuff what we're
4924
03:08:02,160 --> 03:08:03,160
talking about is dram
4925
03:08:04,399 --> 03:08:05,399
so now let's talk about the different
4926
03:08:05,680 --> 03:08:06,680
types of dram that we're going to see on
4927
03:08:07,600 --> 03:08:08,600
a computer
4928
03:08:12,800 --> 03:08:13,800
[Music]
4929
03:08:35,279 --> 03:08:36,279
ram
4930
03:08:36,640 --> 03:08:37,640
types of dram
4931
03:08:40,160 --> 03:08:41,160
now that we've discussed ram in general
4932
03:08:42,560 --> 03:08:43,560
memory in general and we talked about
4933
03:08:44,640 --> 03:08:45,640
the difference between rom and ram and
4934
03:08:47,439 --> 03:08:48,439
then we talked about static versus
4935
03:08:49,680 --> 03:08:50,680
dynamic ram i now want to talk about the
4936
03:08:52,319 --> 03:08:53,319
different types of dram or dram that
4937
03:08:54,800 --> 03:08:55,800
you're going to see
4938
03:08:56,640 --> 03:08:57,640
on the test and i'm going to throw a lot
4939
03:08:58,479 --> 03:08:59,479
of information at you i'll try to keep
4940
03:09:00,399 --> 03:09:01,399
it as simple as possible
4941
03:09:02,560 --> 03:09:03,560
but this is really the core of what the
4942
03:09:04,560 --> 03:09:05,560
a plus exam is talking about when it
4943
03:09:06,319 --> 03:09:07,319
talks about ram so first of all i want
4944
03:09:08,560 --> 03:09:09,560
to talk about sims
4945
03:09:11,279 --> 03:09:12,279
and dimms which have to do with how the
4946
03:09:14,319 --> 03:09:15,319
memory
4947
03:09:16,399 --> 03:09:17,399
which have to do with somewhat the
4948
03:09:17,840 --> 03:09:18,840
history of memory as well as how these
4949
03:09:20,319 --> 03:09:21,319
drams were created
4950
03:09:22,479 --> 03:09:23,479
then we're going to talk about several
4951
03:09:23,840 --> 03:09:24,840
different types of dims which are the
4952
03:09:25,840 --> 03:09:26,840
main type of memory used including s
4953
03:09:28,479 --> 03:09:29,479
dram which is different from sram this
4954
03:09:30,880 --> 03:09:31,880
is an important distinction look at this
4955
03:09:32,560 --> 03:09:33,560
d here okay this is s dram not sram not
4956
03:09:36,640 --> 03:09:37,640
sram and then we're also going to talk
4957
03:09:38,720 --> 03:09:39,720
about ddr dimms
4958
03:09:41,760 --> 03:09:42,760
we'll talk about the subsequent ddr 2 3
4959
03:09:44,640 --> 03:09:45,640
and 4 dimms and what's important about
4960
03:09:46,640 --> 03:09:47,640
them for you to know on the a plus exam
4961
03:09:49,359 --> 03:09:50,359
we'll also mention so dims which are
4962
03:09:52,319 --> 03:09:53,319
slightly smaller dimms
4963
03:09:54,640 --> 03:09:55,640
and then we'll talk about rdram which
4964
03:09:57,040 --> 03:09:58,040
was a short-lived
4965
03:09:58,560 --> 03:09:59,560
uh
4966
03:10:00,080 --> 03:10:01,080
dim type that you won't see really
4967
03:10:02,479 --> 03:10:03,479
anywhere but it is required it is on the
4968
03:10:04,640 --> 03:10:05,640
objectives for the a plus exam so i do
4969
03:10:06,160 --> 03:10:07,160
want to cover it okay
4970
03:10:09,520 --> 03:10:10,520
so first let's talk about sims this is
4971
03:10:11,600 --> 03:10:12,600
an antiquated old version of uh
4972
03:10:14,960 --> 03:10:15,960
of dram that you're not going to see
4973
03:10:16,319 --> 03:10:17,319
much anymore but it's it stands for
4974
03:10:19,120 --> 03:10:20,120
single inline memory module and what
4975
03:10:21,840 --> 03:10:22,840
this single has to do with are these
4976
03:10:23,840 --> 03:10:24,840
contacts right here
4977
03:10:28,160 --> 03:10:29,160
this was the most popular form of trend
4978
03:10:30,720 --> 03:10:31,720
through the mid 90s so if you took your
4979
03:10:33,680 --> 03:10:34,680
a plus exam a longer time ago like i did
4980
03:10:37,040 --> 03:10:38,040
you had to learn this a lot more and uh
4981
03:10:40,160 --> 03:10:41,160
what this had to do with was that the
4982
03:10:41,760 --> 03:10:42,760
contacts on either side of the stick are
4983
03:10:44,399 --> 03:10:45,399
redundant
4984
03:10:45,600 --> 03:10:46,600
meaning
4985
03:10:46,560 --> 03:10:47,560
that you see metal on this side and you
4986
03:10:49,439 --> 03:10:50,439
can imagine there's also metal on the
4987
03:10:51,040 --> 03:10:52,040
other side well the contacts on both
4988
03:10:53,520 --> 03:10:54,520
sides are the same they don't lead
4989
03:10:56,000 --> 03:10:57,000
anywhere different
4990
03:10:57,600 --> 03:10:58,600
as a result this is a generally a 32-bit
4991
03:11:01,760 --> 03:11:02,760
data path okay so we have 32 bits of
4992
03:11:05,120 --> 03:11:06,120
data that can travel on this and what
4993
03:11:07,359 --> 03:11:08,359
was happening
4994
03:11:08,479 --> 03:11:09,479
was basically a motherboard started to
4995
03:11:10,880 --> 03:11:11,880
have a 64-bit bus width and so what you
4996
03:11:13,760 --> 03:11:14,760
had to do is you had to install two of
4997
03:11:16,560 --> 03:11:17,560
these at once in order to take advantage
4998
03:11:19,600 --> 03:11:20,600
of the full 64 bits now we're actually
4999
03:11:22,000 --> 03:11:23,000
going to sort of come back to this
5000
03:11:23,279 --> 03:11:24,279
concept a little later but you can
5001
03:11:25,279 --> 03:11:26,279
imagine that we weren't using the full
5002
03:11:27,120 --> 03:11:28,120
potential of ram on the memory and so
5003
03:11:30,319 --> 03:11:31,319
they came up with something called dimms
5004
03:11:32,720 --> 03:11:33,720
so dims which stand for dual in-line
5005
03:11:35,200 --> 03:11:36,200
memory
5006
03:11:36,720 --> 03:11:37,720
are the most
5007
03:11:38,880 --> 03:11:39,880
popular form of memory currently on the
5008
03:11:40,720 --> 03:11:41,720
market and that's because they
5009
03:11:41,840 --> 03:11:42,840
differentiate from sims single inline in
5010
03:11:44,800 --> 03:11:45,800
that on either side
5011
03:11:46,800 --> 03:11:47,800
these contacts
5012
03:11:48,880 --> 03:11:49,880
are actually different
5013
03:11:50,800 --> 03:11:51,800
so
5014
03:11:51,680 --> 03:11:52,680
if the previous version
5015
03:11:53,600 --> 03:11:54,600
could do 32 bits of data
5016
03:11:56,239 --> 03:11:57,239
and now we've doubled the amount of
5017
03:11:57,760 --> 03:11:58,760
contacts
5018
03:12:00,960 --> 03:12:01,960
this chip is capable
5019
03:12:03,279 --> 03:12:04,279
generally
5020
03:12:04,560 --> 03:12:05,560
of up to 64 bits of data so you can
5021
03:12:07,600 --> 03:12:08,600
understand we've just doubled our amount
5022
03:12:09,200 --> 03:12:10,200
of data we also no longer have to enter
5023
03:12:11,600 --> 03:12:12,600
these two at a time in order to make
5024
03:12:13,279 --> 03:12:14,279
them work we had to do that on old
5025
03:12:14,880 --> 03:12:15,880
systems now i can put one of these chips
5026
03:12:17,359 --> 03:12:18,359
in and it'll work just fine because it's
5027
03:12:19,359 --> 03:12:20,359
taking advantage of the full 64-bit path
5028
03:12:22,239 --> 03:12:23,239
on that motherboard
5029
03:12:25,040 --> 03:12:26,040
so now that we've discussed sims and
5030
03:12:27,920 --> 03:12:28,920
dims and the difference and i just want
5031
03:12:30,000 --> 03:12:31,000
to point out these are all dram okay
5032
03:12:33,359 --> 03:12:34,359
this is all dynamic ram all of this
5033
03:12:36,080 --> 03:12:37,080
stuff that we're talking about here
5034
03:12:38,960 --> 03:12:39,960
so we're not dealing with sram remember
5035
03:12:40,960 --> 03:12:41,960
sram that static ram that was not in the
5036
03:12:43,920 --> 03:12:44,920
the that
5037
03:12:45,120 --> 03:12:46,120
was sort of a chip soldered on
5038
03:12:47,600 --> 03:12:48,600
these are all those sticks of ram dram
5039
03:12:50,399 --> 03:12:51,399
and what we just talked about is the
5040
03:12:51,439 --> 03:12:52,439
difference in sim and dim single and
5041
03:12:54,000 --> 03:12:55,000
dual and now what we're going to talk
5042
03:12:55,680 --> 03:12:56,680
about are different types of dual inline
5043
03:12:57,600 --> 03:12:58,600
memory modules which are the most
5044
03:12:59,520 --> 03:13:00,520
popular form on the market today so
5045
03:13:01,840 --> 03:13:02,840
first of all let's talk about sdram this
5046
03:13:04,239 --> 03:13:05,239
is different from sram sram which was
5047
03:13:06,560 --> 03:13:07,560
static ram this is synchronous dram
5048
03:13:10,000 --> 03:13:11,000
and what synchronous dram means is that
5049
03:13:12,239 --> 03:13:13,239
it's synchronized to the system bus or
5050
03:13:15,359 --> 03:13:16,359
the motherboard clock
5051
03:13:17,200 --> 03:13:18,200
so what was important about this is if
5052
03:13:19,439 --> 03:13:20,439
we imagine an old form
5053
03:13:21,920 --> 03:13:22,920
an old dim
5054
03:13:23,680 --> 03:13:24,680
okay
5055
03:13:26,560 --> 03:13:27,560
uh just a plain old dim old form just
5056
03:13:29,279 --> 03:13:30,279
plain old dram
5057
03:13:32,239 --> 03:13:33,239
what was going on
5058
03:13:34,000 --> 03:13:35,000
was that the
5059
03:13:36,479 --> 03:13:37,479
memory had its own bus speed its own
5060
03:13:38,720 --> 03:13:39,720
clock speed
5061
03:13:40,800 --> 03:13:41,800
and that was different
5062
03:13:42,479 --> 03:13:43,479
from the speed of the motherboard so
5063
03:13:44,960 --> 03:13:45,960
what would happen is as you can imagine
5064
03:13:46,560 --> 03:13:47,560
if i have two clocks that aren't
5065
03:13:48,800 --> 03:13:49,800
synchronized with each other then
5066
03:13:50,479 --> 03:13:51,479
they're not able to communicate very as
5067
03:13:52,800 --> 03:13:53,800
fast as they would like what we really
5068
03:13:54,880 --> 03:13:55,880
want is for these two things to be in
5069
03:13:57,120 --> 03:13:58,120
sync
5070
03:13:58,000 --> 03:13:59,000
and so what it does is it waits for this
5071
03:14:00,160 --> 03:14:01,160
clock signal before processing its
5072
03:14:02,800 --> 03:14:03,800
incoming commands
5073
03:14:04,479 --> 03:14:05,479
so when it waits for that clock signal
5074
03:14:06,239 --> 03:14:07,239
then it processes the command and as a
5075
03:14:08,239 --> 03:14:09,239
result it can work a lot faster
5076
03:14:11,200 --> 03:14:12,200
this allows the chips to accept new
5077
03:14:14,080 --> 03:14:15,080
commands while processing others this is
5078
03:14:16,319 --> 03:14:17,319
something that's called
5079
03:14:17,760 --> 03:14:18,760
pipelining
5080
03:14:19,680 --> 03:14:20,680
so
5081
03:14:20,479 --> 03:14:21,479
while it's working let's say on this
5082
03:14:22,319 --> 03:14:23,319
side of the chip on some set of
5083
03:14:24,000 --> 03:14:25,000
instructions
5084
03:14:25,600 --> 03:14:26,600
it can also be receiving information on
5085
03:14:28,080 --> 03:14:29,080
this side
5086
03:14:29,279 --> 03:14:30,279
because it is synchronized
5087
03:14:33,840 --> 03:14:34,840
with the clock on the motherboard now if
5088
03:14:36,239 --> 03:14:37,239
this is a little confusing to you that's
5089
03:14:38,239 --> 03:14:39,239
okay what you want to know is
5090
03:14:40,720 --> 03:14:41,720
again i'm just sort of
5091
03:14:42,160 --> 03:14:43,160
we're
5092
03:14:43,520 --> 03:14:44,520
canvassing out here
5093
03:14:45,760 --> 03:14:46,760
let me just go back for a second and
5094
03:14:47,439 --> 03:14:48,439
clarify because i think uh
5095
03:14:49,680 --> 03:14:50,680
i just want to make sure that we're
5096
03:14:50,800 --> 03:14:51,800
clear we talked about
5097
03:14:53,920 --> 03:14:54,920
first of all that we have dram which is
5098
03:14:56,720 --> 03:14:57,720
dynamic ram that's different from sram
5099
03:15:00,560 --> 03:15:01,560
okay
5100
03:15:02,319 --> 03:15:03,319
so we're talking about this dynamic ram
5101
03:15:05,520 --> 03:15:06,520
as opposed to static ram
5102
03:15:08,319 --> 03:15:09,319
then
5103
03:15:10,160 --> 03:15:11,160
now that this is out of the way
5104
03:15:12,000 --> 03:15:13,000
we talked about the difference between a
5105
03:15:14,000 --> 03:15:15,000
sim
5106
03:15:15,600 --> 03:15:16,600
single inline
5107
03:15:17,279 --> 03:15:18,279
and a dim
5108
03:15:19,520 --> 03:15:20,520
a duel in line so now we're still
5109
03:15:21,840 --> 03:15:22,840
talking about dims and we're still
5110
03:15:24,000 --> 03:15:25,000
talking about dram i know there's a lot
5111
03:15:25,680 --> 03:15:26,680
of ds going on okay and this d stands
5112
03:15:29,040 --> 03:15:30,040
for
5113
03:15:30,239 --> 03:15:31,239
dual
5114
03:15:31,279 --> 03:15:32,279
which has to do with this stuff
5115
03:15:34,640 --> 03:15:35,640
now we're on the inside and what we're
5116
03:15:37,040 --> 03:15:38,040
looking at here
5117
03:15:38,399 --> 03:15:39,399
is this synchronous dram
5118
03:15:40,560 --> 03:15:41,560
meaning
5119
03:15:41,680 --> 03:15:42,680
that
5120
03:15:42,800 --> 03:15:43,800
this chip synchronizes with the system
5121
03:15:46,479 --> 03:15:47,479
bus or the motherboard clock and that
5122
03:15:48,800 --> 03:15:49,800
allows the chip
5123
03:15:50,640 --> 03:15:51,640
to accept commands
5124
03:15:53,040 --> 03:15:54,040
while it's processing others and this
5125
03:15:55,439 --> 03:15:56,439
whole thing is called pipelining so
5126
03:15:58,160 --> 03:15:59,160
that's where we're at with sdram
5127
03:16:00,479 --> 03:16:01,479
however they still found
5128
03:16:02,399 --> 03:16:03,399
that they needed it to be faster we
5129
03:16:04,319 --> 03:16:05,319
wanted ram to be as fast as possible
5130
03:16:06,479 --> 03:16:07,479
because the quicker the cpu could talk
5131
03:16:09,520 --> 03:16:10,520
with this ram this quicker it can access
5132
03:16:11,840 --> 03:16:12,840
information on its desk
5133
03:16:13,840 --> 03:16:14,840
the more work and the faster it could
5134
03:16:15,520 --> 03:16:16,520
work
5135
03:16:18,800 --> 03:16:19,800
and i just want to point out that most
5136
03:16:21,200 --> 03:16:22,200
of the time sdram
5137
03:16:23,120 --> 03:16:24,120
when it was introduced was 168 pins down
5138
03:16:26,239 --> 03:16:27,239
here this is a number you're going to
5139
03:16:28,000 --> 03:16:29,000
want to remember okay
5140
03:16:29,720 --> 03:16:30,720
168 pins goes with sdram plain old sdram
5141
03:16:34,720 --> 03:16:35,720
168 pins
5142
03:16:36,720 --> 03:16:37,720
so in order to get things faster
5143
03:16:38,720 --> 03:16:39,720
a technology came wrong called ddr this
5144
03:16:41,680 --> 03:16:42,680
stands for double data rate
5145
03:16:44,880 --> 03:16:45,880
and as you can imagine
5146
03:16:46,880 --> 03:16:47,880
that effectively
5147
03:16:48,720 --> 03:16:49,720
doubles
5148
03:16:50,399 --> 03:16:51,399
our sdram
5149
03:16:52,319 --> 03:16:53,319
okay
5150
03:16:55,359 --> 03:16:56,359
so this really is if we really want to
5151
03:16:57,520 --> 03:16:58,520
get down to it this is
5152
03:16:59,600 --> 03:17:00,600
ddr
5153
03:17:00,800 --> 03:17:01,800
sd ram
5154
03:17:02,160 --> 03:17:03,160
which is in a dim
5155
03:17:04,880 --> 03:17:05,880
configuration this is a dim
5156
03:17:07,439 --> 03:17:08,439
okay it's a dim stick
5157
03:17:09,359 --> 03:17:10,359
so this dim
5158
03:17:11,359 --> 03:17:12,359
holds on it ddr sd ram
5159
03:17:15,680 --> 03:17:16,680
and
5160
03:17:16,560 --> 03:17:17,560
this is the most commonly
5161
03:17:19,120 --> 03:17:20,120
found sort of ram today now we're going
5162
03:17:21,279 --> 03:17:22,279
to get to ddr2 and ddr3
5163
03:17:24,160 --> 03:17:25,160
and and
5164
03:17:25,760 --> 03:17:26,760
those have superseded ddr but what i
5165
03:17:27,840 --> 03:17:28,840
mean is the technology behind this this
5166
03:17:30,160 --> 03:17:31,160
ddr stuff that's mostly what we're going
5167
03:17:32,239 --> 03:17:33,239
to see and these are the numbers that
5168
03:17:33,840 --> 03:17:34,840
you want to be able to recognize for the
5169
03:17:35,520 --> 03:17:36,520
computer and uh for the test and i will
5170
03:17:37,520 --> 03:17:38,520
show you uh some shortcuts for that okay
5171
03:17:40,560 --> 03:17:41,560
so what happens is you remember that
5172
03:17:42,080 --> 03:17:43,080
it's synchronizing with that clock cycle
5173
03:17:44,560 --> 03:17:45,560
ddr ram double date data rate ram
5174
03:17:48,960 --> 03:17:49,960
allows
5175
03:17:51,439 --> 03:17:52,439
the chip
5176
03:17:52,720 --> 03:17:53,720
to transfer data on the rising and the
5177
03:17:55,439 --> 03:17:56,439
falling clock cycle
5178
03:17:57,200 --> 03:17:58,200
so effectively if you think about a
5179
03:17:58,720 --> 03:17:59,720
clock let's do this
5180
03:18:02,960 --> 03:18:03,960
okay well it used to be
5181
03:18:07,680 --> 03:18:08,680
was this so this was plain old
5182
03:18:10,960 --> 03:18:11,960
sdram
5183
03:18:13,840 --> 03:18:14,840
all right you can get one process in and
5184
03:18:16,800 --> 03:18:17,800
then you can get another one in when you
5185
03:18:18,160 --> 03:18:19,160
get back to the top of the circle now
5186
03:18:20,160 --> 03:18:21,160
however we've inserted another place
5187
03:18:22,479 --> 03:18:23,479
that it can transfer data and so i've
5188
03:18:25,359 --> 03:18:26,359
effectively doubled the clock cycle i've
5189
03:18:28,000 --> 03:18:29,000
doubled the speed
5190
03:18:31,760 --> 03:18:32,760
now this as opposed to the past 168 pins
5191
03:18:35,279 --> 03:18:36,279
this is 184 pins in general you're going
5192
03:18:38,160 --> 03:18:39,160
to want to remember this
5193
03:18:39,680 --> 03:18:40,680
okay
5194
03:18:40,560 --> 03:18:41,560
plain old sd
5195
03:18:44,000 --> 03:18:45,000
168.
5196
03:18:48,080 --> 03:18:49,080
now we have 184 pins these are numbers
5197
03:18:51,439 --> 03:18:52,439
you're going to remember want to
5198
03:18:52,560 --> 03:18:53,560
remember so that's why i'm pointing them
5199
03:18:53,920 --> 03:18:54,920
out
5200
03:18:55,040 --> 03:18:56,040
ddr sd ram
5201
03:18:58,239 --> 03:18:59,239
is 184 pins
5202
03:19:00,880 --> 03:19:01,880
plain old sdram without the ddr in front
5203
03:19:03,279 --> 03:19:04,279
of it it's 168 pins
5204
03:19:08,640 --> 03:19:09,640
so here's a table that describes some of
5205
03:19:10,960 --> 03:19:11,960
the basic information having to do with
5206
03:19:12,880 --> 03:19:13,880
ddr memory and this is the stuff you're
5207
03:19:14,880 --> 03:19:15,880
going to need to know for the exam but
5208
03:19:16,960 --> 03:19:17,960
i'm going to make this really simple for
5209
03:19:18,560 --> 03:19:19,560
you first thing i want you to see is
5210
03:19:20,479 --> 03:19:21,479
over here you see what's called the ddr
5211
03:19:22,640 --> 03:19:23,640
standard this is usually how the ddr is
5212
03:19:26,160 --> 03:19:27,160
going to be
5213
03:19:27,200 --> 03:19:28,200
marketed
5214
03:19:28,239 --> 03:19:29,239
now one thing you'll notice
5215
03:19:29,920 --> 03:19:30,920
is this transfer rate
5216
03:19:32,720 --> 03:19:33,720
over here
5217
03:19:34,479 --> 03:19:35,479
also has to do with the module name
5218
03:19:36,720 --> 03:19:37,720
meaning that sometimes what they'll do
5219
03:19:37,920 --> 03:19:38,920
is they'll say this is a
5220
03:19:40,120 --> 03:19:41,120
ddr200 standard but the module itself is
5221
03:19:44,800 --> 03:19:45,800
let's say ddr
5222
03:19:47,680 --> 03:19:48,680
sdram
5223
03:19:50,319 --> 03:19:51,319
that runs at pc one 1600 and what i want
5224
03:19:53,840 --> 03:19:54,840
to do is i want to show you a quick
5225
03:19:55,279 --> 03:19:56,279
shortcut so you can always calculate
5226
03:19:57,760 --> 03:19:58,760
this something you're going to need to
5227
03:19:58,960 --> 03:19:59,960
know for the exam but before i do that i
5228
03:20:01,200 --> 03:20:02,200
want to show you how i get to it so
5229
03:20:03,520 --> 03:20:04,520
remember i said that ddr effectively
5230
03:20:07,680 --> 03:20:08,680
so remember i said that ddr effectively
5231
03:20:10,960 --> 03:20:11,960
doubles the clock rate speed and if you
5232
03:20:13,279 --> 03:20:14,279
look at
5233
03:20:14,560 --> 03:20:15,560
this number right here
5234
03:20:16,239 --> 03:20:17,239
you'll see that that pretty much works
5235
03:20:18,399 --> 03:20:19,399
right so i have 100 and my ddr standard
5236
03:20:21,840 --> 03:20:22,840
is 200 and if i look over here at the
5237
03:20:23,920 --> 03:20:24,920
transfers per second which is sort of
5238
03:20:26,239 --> 03:20:27,239
what this clock speed is measuring i see
5239
03:20:28,479 --> 03:20:29,479
200 million which is exactly
5240
03:20:30,880 --> 03:20:31,880
double
5241
03:20:31,920 --> 03:20:32,920
the 100 megahertz so this all seems to
5242
03:20:34,479 --> 03:20:35,479
make sense
5243
03:20:35,760 --> 03:20:36,760
now how do we get to this number
5244
03:20:38,640 --> 03:20:39,640
right here
5245
03:20:40,560 --> 03:20:41,560
well
5246
03:20:41,760 --> 03:20:42,760
here's what i need to do
5247
03:20:43,359 --> 03:20:44,359
first i take my clock speed
5248
03:20:45,600 --> 03:20:46,600
which is 100
5249
03:20:47,840 --> 03:20:48,840
and i multiply that by two because ddrs
5250
03:20:51,520 --> 03:20:52,520
times two so now i have
5251
03:20:56,000 --> 03:20:57,000
200
5252
03:20:57,200 --> 03:20:58,200
great this all makes sense to us but now
5253
03:20:59,680 --> 03:21:00,680
how do i make the leap from this
5254
03:21:01,920 --> 03:21:02,920
to this
5255
03:21:03,040 --> 03:21:04,040
well let's remember that we're dealing
5256
03:21:05,200 --> 03:21:06,200
with
5257
03:21:06,239 --> 03:21:07,239
64 bits of bus
5258
03:21:08,720 --> 03:21:09,720
right so remember that channel that we
5259
03:21:10,160 --> 03:21:11,160
talked about the bus
5260
03:21:11,680 --> 03:21:12,680
that this is traveling over the thing
5261
03:21:13,680 --> 03:21:14,680
that dims allowed us to take advantage
5262
03:21:15,680 --> 03:21:16,680
of this full 64-bit architecture well
5263
03:21:19,200 --> 03:21:20,200
how many bits are in a byte if you
5264
03:21:21,359 --> 03:21:22,359
recall
5265
03:21:24,239 --> 03:21:25,239
eight bits
5266
03:21:26,479 --> 03:21:27,479
equal
5267
03:21:30,239 --> 03:21:31,239
one byte
5268
03:21:31,600 --> 03:21:32,600
right
5269
03:21:32,479 --> 03:21:33,479
so if i have a 64-bit architecture
5270
03:21:35,439 --> 03:21:36,439
it and i have eight bits i can divide
5271
03:21:38,960 --> 03:21:39,960
8 into 64.
5272
03:21:41,040 --> 03:21:42,040
so i'm just going to go up here to do
5273
03:21:42,239 --> 03:21:43,239
that
5274
03:21:43,040 --> 03:21:44,040
and if you recall long form
5275
03:21:46,399 --> 03:21:47,399
division 8 goes into 64 exactly
5276
03:21:50,560 --> 03:21:51,560
8 times
5277
03:21:52,960 --> 03:21:53,960
so
5278
03:21:54,239 --> 03:21:55,239
if i have this 200
5279
03:21:56,960 --> 03:21:57,960
and i know it's transferring 200
5280
03:21:58,399 --> 03:21:59,399
transfers per second that's the clock
5281
03:22:00,399 --> 03:22:01,399
speed
5282
03:22:01,279 --> 03:22:02,279
i can then multiply it
5283
03:22:04,640 --> 03:22:05,640
by eight
5284
03:22:06,239 --> 03:22:07,239
which is the amount of
5285
03:22:08,319 --> 03:22:09,319
of
5286
03:22:09,920 --> 03:22:10,920
which is the width of the
5287
03:22:13,120 --> 03:22:14,120
bus
5288
03:22:14,319 --> 03:22:15,319
eight
5289
03:22:15,200 --> 03:22:16,200
bytes as opposed to 64 bits
5290
03:22:17,520 --> 03:22:18,520
and now i
5291
03:22:18,840 --> 03:22:19,840
get one thousand
5292
03:22:21,600 --> 03:22:22,600
six hundred
5293
03:22:23,040 --> 03:22:24,040
mega bytes
5294
03:22:25,040 --> 03:22:26,040
per second
5295
03:22:26,560 --> 03:22:27,560
and a really quick way to do this is
5296
03:22:28,560 --> 03:22:29,560
whenever you see this standard
5297
03:22:30,640 --> 03:22:31,640
just multiply by eight
5298
03:22:32,800 --> 03:22:33,800
just remember that you'll always be fine
5299
03:22:34,640 --> 03:22:35,640
you don't have to remember any of this
5300
03:22:35,920 --> 03:22:36,920
stuff okay so let's erase all this let's
5301
03:22:38,800 --> 03:22:39,800
take that with this ddr400 so you see
5302
03:22:40,800 --> 03:22:41,800
ddr400 on the test and it says what is
5303
03:22:43,200 --> 03:22:44,200
the transfer rate of ddr400 well you
5304
03:22:45,760 --> 03:22:46,760
know that ddr400 is double the 200
5305
03:22:48,720 --> 03:22:49,720
megahertz clock speed but that's not
5306
03:22:50,479 --> 03:22:51,479
even important to answer this question
5307
03:22:52,399 --> 03:22:53,399
what you do know is you have to take
5308
03:22:53,920 --> 03:22:54,920
that 400
5309
03:22:55,359 --> 03:22:56,359
multiply
5310
03:22:56,640 --> 03:22:57,640
by 8 and that gives you
5311
03:23:00,840 --> 03:23:01,840
3200 megabytes per second
5312
03:23:10,000 --> 03:23:11,000
ddr2
5313
03:23:16,640 --> 03:23:17,640
supersedes the original ddr
5314
03:23:18,319 --> 03:23:19,319
specification by again by doubling the
5315
03:23:21,279 --> 03:23:22,279
already doubled transfer rate
5316
03:23:23,760 --> 03:23:24,760
and this is by doing faster signaling
5317
03:23:25,680 --> 03:23:26,680
which gets a little complex and i'm not
5318
03:23:27,200 --> 03:23:28,200
going to get into here but basically
5319
03:23:28,880 --> 03:23:29,880
what it does is it doubles the uh the
5320
03:23:30,800 --> 03:23:31,800
speed by having its own clock rate don't
5321
03:23:33,920 --> 03:23:34,920
worry about that
5322
03:23:35,600 --> 03:23:36,600
but what you do want to worry about is
5323
03:23:37,279 --> 03:23:38,279
that it uses less power and it doubles
5324
03:23:39,200 --> 03:23:40,200
the speed from a previous ddr
5325
03:23:41,520 --> 03:23:42,520
and it also has a 240 pin standard as
5326
03:23:44,960 --> 03:23:45,960
opposed to 182
5327
03:23:47,200 --> 03:23:48,200
all right so let's take a look at this
5328
03:23:49,279 --> 03:23:50,279
table
5329
03:23:50,319 --> 03:23:51,319
if we have a ddr2 400
5330
03:23:53,120 --> 03:23:54,120
right again the same application applies
5331
03:23:56,720 --> 03:23:57,720
it has a 200 megahertz clock speed it
5332
03:23:59,439 --> 03:24:00,439
doubles that to 400
5333
03:24:02,960 --> 03:24:03,960
you multiply 4 times
5334
03:24:05,279 --> 03:24:06,279
8 and that will give you 32 so you can
5335
03:24:07,760 --> 03:24:08,760
always come up
5336
03:24:10,160 --> 03:24:11,160
with this number by multiplying this
5337
03:24:14,000 --> 03:24:15,000
times eight okay this that's the
5338
03:24:16,560 --> 03:24:17,560
shortcut you need to remember there's a
5339
03:24:18,239 --> 03:24:19,239
lot of information here it can get a
5340
03:24:19,920 --> 03:24:20,920
little complex but what you want to
5341
03:24:21,600 --> 03:24:22,600
understand is this number
5342
03:24:24,080 --> 03:24:25,080
the ddr2 533 is half the clock speed
5343
03:24:28,239 --> 03:24:29,239
and then if you multiply this by eight
5344
03:24:30,800 --> 03:24:31,800
you will always get the transfer rate
5345
03:24:34,080 --> 03:24:35,080
now ddr2 has been supplanted by ddr3 and
5346
03:24:36,560 --> 03:24:37,560
i love this graphic because one thing it
5347
03:24:38,560 --> 03:24:39,560
shows
5348
03:24:39,520 --> 03:24:40,520
first of all here's the 184 pin here's
5349
03:24:41,279 --> 03:24:42,279
the 240 pin ddr3 still has a 240 pin but
5350
03:24:45,200 --> 03:24:46,200
what it does show is how each of these
5351
03:24:47,680 --> 03:24:48,680
has different keying
5352
03:24:50,000 --> 03:24:51,000
and the reason that's important is that
5353
03:24:52,479 --> 03:24:53,479
they're not backwards compatible
5354
03:24:54,880 --> 03:24:55,880
so this superseded ddr uh that should
5355
03:24:58,000 --> 03:24:59,000
say ddr2
5356
03:25:01,040 --> 03:25:02,040
it provides a higher performance and
5357
03:25:02,800 --> 03:25:03,800
lower power consumption
5358
03:25:04,720 --> 03:25:05,720
right and
5359
03:25:06,160 --> 03:25:07,160
it
5360
03:25:07,359 --> 03:25:08,359
is a 240 pin just like i mentioned the
5361
03:25:09,920 --> 03:25:10,920
same as before
5362
03:25:11,279 --> 03:25:12,279
and it's not backwards compatible so
5363
03:25:13,359 --> 03:25:14,359
those are the important things to
5364
03:25:14,399 --> 03:25:15,399
remember and if we go to a table again
5365
03:25:17,359 --> 03:25:18,359
our same thing is going to apply take
5366
03:25:19,439 --> 03:25:20,439
this number 800 you multiply that by 8
5367
03:25:22,560 --> 03:25:23,560
you get 6400 as the transfer rate this
5368
03:25:25,359 --> 03:25:26,359
is the these this is the important thing
5369
03:25:26,960 --> 03:25:27,960
i'm pointing out the important thing you
5370
03:25:28,080 --> 03:25:29,080
need to know for the test because really
5371
03:25:30,080 --> 03:25:31,080
you go into a store you're going to look
5372
03:25:32,160 --> 03:25:33,160
on the back of your motherboard it's
5373
03:25:33,120 --> 03:25:34,120
going to tell you what type you want to
5374
03:25:34,479 --> 03:25:35,479
get the higher this number the faster
5375
03:25:36,640 --> 03:25:37,640
this number you can always multiply this
5376
03:25:38,800 --> 03:25:39,800
number by eight in order to get this
5377
03:25:45,200 --> 03:25:46,200
okay so now we've talked about sdram
5378
03:25:48,800 --> 03:25:49,800
which
5379
03:25:49,760 --> 03:25:50,760
effectively
5380
03:25:51,200 --> 03:25:52,200
sped up
5381
03:25:52,800 --> 03:25:53,800
dims by synchronizing
5382
03:25:58,399 --> 03:25:59,399
their clocks with the motherboard and
5383
03:26:00,720 --> 03:26:01,720
then ddr
5384
03:26:02,319 --> 03:26:03,319
which
5385
03:26:03,520 --> 03:26:04,520
doubled the speed and then you had ddr2
5386
03:26:06,160 --> 03:26:07,160
and three i didn't mention ddr4 there is
5387
03:26:08,880 --> 03:26:09,880
a new ddr4 out there you're not going to
5388
03:26:11,279 --> 03:26:12,279
be tested on it for the exam but it's
5389
03:26:12,880 --> 03:26:13,880
important to know that it is out there
5390
03:26:14,800 --> 03:26:15,800
uh which is the only reason i mention it
5391
03:26:16,399 --> 03:26:17,399
there and those kind of each doubled the
5392
03:26:18,720 --> 03:26:19,720
previous version
5393
03:26:21,040 --> 03:26:22,040
and so now let's talk really quickly
5394
03:26:22,560 --> 03:26:23,560
about sodiums and rdram
5395
03:26:26,319 --> 03:26:27,319
a sodium
5396
03:26:27,520 --> 03:26:28,520
is smaller
5397
03:26:29,120 --> 03:26:30,120
than a regular dime
5398
03:26:32,479 --> 03:26:33,479
and it's name implies that it's a small
5399
03:26:35,279 --> 03:26:36,279
outline dim
5400
03:26:36,720 --> 03:26:37,720
it's half the size of thereabouts of a
5401
03:26:39,279 --> 03:26:40,279
regular dim and it's for systems with
5402
03:26:41,600 --> 03:26:42,600
space restrictions such as laptops and
5403
03:26:43,760 --> 03:26:44,760
what's interesting and i don't have a
5404
03:26:44,960 --> 03:26:45,960
picture of this but the way that it's
5405
03:26:46,800 --> 03:26:47,800
inserted is actually diagonally so if we
5406
03:26:49,840 --> 03:26:50,840
looked at it from the side it would be
5407
03:26:51,439 --> 03:26:52,439
inserted
5408
03:26:53,359 --> 03:26:54,359
sort of like this if this was the uh the
5409
03:26:55,840 --> 03:26:56,840
contact down here as opposed to a
5410
03:26:58,080 --> 03:26:59,080
regular dim which is inserted like that
5411
03:27:02,319 --> 03:27:03,319
it also comes in the same you know
5412
03:27:04,640 --> 03:27:05,640
sodium this is the outline this is sort
5413
03:27:06,479 --> 03:27:07,479
of uh
5414
03:27:08,479 --> 03:27:09,479
how it its physical is and so you can
5415
03:27:11,359 --> 03:27:12,359
get ddr2 and three
5416
03:27:13,680 --> 03:27:14,680
although the pin count is different okay
5417
03:27:15,520 --> 03:27:16,520
so i just wanna point out this does have
5418
03:27:17,120 --> 03:27:18,120
a different pin count uh something you
5419
03:27:19,120 --> 03:27:20,120
need to know don't memorize that pin
5420
03:27:20,720 --> 03:27:21,720
count but you do wanna know a sodium is
5421
03:27:23,120 --> 03:27:24,120
specifically for laptops that's the
5422
03:27:25,279 --> 03:27:26,279
thing you're really gonna wanna know
5423
03:27:28,319 --> 03:27:29,319
finally rdram i need to mention it
5424
03:27:30,399 --> 03:27:31,399
because it is on the a plus exam this
5425
03:27:33,040 --> 03:27:34,040
stands for rambus dram now really what
5426
03:27:36,560 --> 03:27:37,560
was happening is this was
5427
03:27:39,040 --> 03:27:40,040
meant to replace sdram remember we had
5428
03:27:41,760 --> 03:27:42,760
that
5429
03:27:42,640 --> 03:27:43,640
uh those dimms and the sdram the
5430
03:27:45,520 --> 03:27:46,520
synchronous dram and it wasn't going
5431
03:27:47,359 --> 03:27:48,359
fast enough and so eventually someone
5432
03:27:49,279 --> 03:27:50,279
created ddr but if you remember sort of
5433
03:27:51,359 --> 03:27:52,359
the beta vhs debacle back in the 80s or
5434
03:27:54,640 --> 03:27:55,640
hd and blu-ray recently
5435
03:27:57,040 --> 03:27:58,040
rambus came out had this great
5436
03:27:58,479 --> 03:27:59,479
technology intel sort of picked it up
5437
03:28:00,880 --> 03:28:01,880
but then there was a a big standards war
5438
03:28:03,279 --> 03:28:04,279
and they lost to ddr so uh you will see
5439
03:28:06,720 --> 03:28:07,720
rambus dram which i imagine is the
5440
03:28:08,720 --> 03:28:09,720
reason it's on the exam on some older
5441
03:28:11,200 --> 03:28:12,200
systems from early 2000s but for the
5442
03:28:13,520 --> 03:28:14,520
most part it's really not around anymore
5443
03:28:16,239 --> 03:28:17,239
as a result it was used on several game
5444
03:28:18,399 --> 03:28:19,399
systems and some motherboards i think it
5445
03:28:20,239 --> 03:28:21,239
was on the ps3
5446
03:28:22,239 --> 03:28:23,239
obviously here it's on like a nintendo
5447
03:28:24,319 --> 03:28:25,319
system probably an n64 but you're really
5448
03:28:27,120 --> 03:28:28,120
not going to see it much i just
5449
03:28:28,239 --> 03:28:29,239
mentioned it so if you do see it in the
5450
03:28:29,600 --> 03:28:30,600
exam you recognize it it's it's sort of
5451
03:28:32,080 --> 03:28:33,080
a different thing okay
5452
03:28:34,000 --> 03:28:35,000
all right so now we just talked about
5453
03:28:35,680 --> 03:28:36,680
sodiums and rdram all right so let's go
5454
03:28:38,160 --> 03:28:39,160
back i just want to go over all these
5455
03:28:39,680 --> 03:28:40,680
again
5456
03:28:40,560 --> 03:28:41,560
first we had
5457
03:28:41,920 --> 03:28:42,920
sims first of all these are all
5458
03:28:44,319 --> 03:28:45,319
forms of dram
5459
03:28:47,520 --> 03:28:48,520
okay
5460
03:28:48,319 --> 03:28:49,319
dram being
5461
03:28:51,600 --> 03:28:52,600
that dynamic ram
5462
03:28:55,120 --> 03:28:56,120
as opposed to static ram
5463
03:28:59,040 --> 03:29:00,040
so these are all forms of dram
5464
03:29:02,800 --> 03:29:03,800
this sim
5465
03:29:04,960 --> 03:29:05,960
is a single
5466
03:29:06,880 --> 03:29:07,880
inline memory module as opposed to a dim
5467
03:29:10,560 --> 03:29:11,560
which is a dual
5468
03:29:12,720 --> 03:29:13,720
inline memory module meaning that the
5469
03:29:15,200 --> 03:29:16,200
contacts on both sides of this were not
5470
03:29:17,680 --> 03:29:18,680
redundant so this allowed for 64
5471
03:29:20,560 --> 03:29:21,560
bits of data
5472
03:29:22,800 --> 03:29:23,800
again sims only provided 32 and so they
5473
03:29:26,000 --> 03:29:27,000
had to be inserted in pairs
5474
03:29:29,040 --> 03:29:30,040
sdram
5475
03:29:30,479 --> 03:29:31,479
built upon dimms
5476
03:29:32,239 --> 03:29:33,239
it's a type of dim all right an sd ram
5477
03:29:35,840 --> 03:29:36,840
synchronized the clock with the
5478
03:29:38,160 --> 03:29:39,160
motherboard
5479
03:29:39,840 --> 03:29:40,840
and therefore it allowed for higher
5480
03:29:41,680 --> 03:29:42,680
speeds and more processing because it
5481
03:29:45,200 --> 03:29:46,200
could process information while
5482
03:29:47,040 --> 03:29:48,040
receiving information
5483
03:29:48,880 --> 03:29:49,880
so i'm just going to draw that like this
5484
03:29:52,960 --> 03:29:53,960
ddr
5485
03:29:54,800 --> 03:29:55,800
took this a step further and allowed as
5486
03:29:57,520 --> 03:29:58,520
opposed to if we have one cycle instead
5487
03:30:00,160 --> 03:30:01,160
of allowing information only come at
5488
03:30:01,600 --> 03:30:02,600
that one point it allowed the
5489
03:30:03,439 --> 03:30:04,439
information to go at the falling and
5490
03:30:05,680 --> 03:30:06,680
rising of the cycle so it doubled the
5491
03:30:08,160 --> 03:30:09,160
speed
5492
03:30:09,200 --> 03:30:10,200
through some infrastructure
5493
03:30:11,279 --> 03:30:12,279
changes we had then ddr2 and ddr3 and
5494
03:30:14,880 --> 03:30:15,880
remember the way you're always going to
5495
03:30:17,200 --> 03:30:18,200
recognize and be able to calculate this
5496
03:30:20,399 --> 03:30:21,399
is let's say you have a ddr 400
5497
03:30:24,160 --> 03:30:25,160
you see this on the exam and it asks you
5498
03:30:25,840 --> 03:30:26,840
what's the transfer rate you take that 4
5499
03:30:29,120 --> 03:30:30,120
you'll multiply it by 8
5500
03:30:32,800 --> 03:30:33,800
and that'll give you
5501
03:30:34,239 --> 03:30:35,239
in this case
5502
03:30:38,239 --> 03:30:39,239
megabytes 3200 megabytes per second
5503
03:30:41,040 --> 03:30:42,040
always multiply by 8 that'll give you
5504
03:30:42,800 --> 03:30:43,800
the transfer rate that's the key this is
5505
03:30:45,359 --> 03:30:46,359
what you want to remember for the test
5506
03:30:46,880 --> 03:30:47,880
no matter what you're not going to
5507
03:30:48,239 --> 03:30:49,239
remember anything else we've just talked
5508
03:30:49,520 --> 03:30:50,520
about remember this calculation
5509
03:30:51,840 --> 03:30:52,840
we then talked about sodiums which were
5510
03:30:54,239 --> 03:30:55,239
that small outline dim right so this is
5511
03:30:57,279 --> 03:30:58,279
a a variation on the dim it's on the
5512
03:31:00,239 --> 03:31:01,239
physical outline of it
5513
03:31:01,920 --> 03:31:02,920
this was mainly for laptops
5514
03:31:05,359 --> 03:31:06,359
and then we talked about rdram
5515
03:31:08,239 --> 03:31:09,239
which is that rambus
5516
03:31:10,080 --> 03:31:11,080
dram which was supposedly supposed to be
5517
03:31:13,120 --> 03:31:14,120
a competitor with ddr but it lost the
5518
03:31:16,239 --> 03:31:17,239
standards war and so it
5519
03:31:18,239 --> 03:31:19,239
went away
5520
03:31:19,760 --> 03:31:20,760
all right
5521
03:31:20,720 --> 03:31:21,720
so now we've just had a very complicated
5522
03:31:22,640 --> 03:31:23,640
and thick lesson into the different
5523
03:31:25,600 --> 03:31:26,600
types of dram
5524
03:31:27,359 --> 03:31:28,359
and specifically
5525
03:31:29,439 --> 03:31:30,439
types of dims that we're going to see on
5526
03:31:31,279 --> 03:31:32,279
the test so now that we've talked about
5527
03:31:33,600 --> 03:31:34,600
that
5528
03:31:40,640 --> 03:31:41,640
i want to talk about some of the further
5529
03:31:43,239 --> 03:31:44,239
technologies that are built onto chips
5530
03:31:46,399 --> 03:31:47,399
in order to make them run more
5531
03:31:48,080 --> 03:31:49,080
effectively
5532
03:31:53,950 --> 03:31:54,950
[Music]
5533
03:32:14,239 --> 03:32:15,239
ram
5534
03:32:15,439 --> 03:32:16,439
ram technologies
5535
03:32:18,160 --> 03:32:19,160
now that we've discussed a lot of
5536
03:32:19,680 --> 03:32:20,680
different things about ram including the
5537
03:32:21,840 --> 03:32:22,840
difference between rom read only memory
5538
03:32:25,200 --> 03:32:26,200
and ram
5539
03:32:26,319 --> 03:32:27,319
random access memory
5540
03:32:28,080 --> 03:32:29,080
we also talked about the difference
5541
03:32:29,600 --> 03:32:30,600
between
5542
03:32:30,640 --> 03:32:31,640
sram
5543
03:32:32,479 --> 03:32:33,479
which was static ram
5544
03:32:34,479 --> 03:32:35,479
and dram which was dynamic ram
5545
03:32:38,800 --> 03:32:39,800
then we talked about the types of dram
5546
03:32:41,680 --> 03:32:42,680
including sims
5547
03:32:43,520 --> 03:32:44,520
single inline memory modules and then
5548
03:32:46,479 --> 03:32:47,479
dimms dual inline memory modules which
5549
03:32:49,520 --> 03:32:50,520
was the major type we're talking about
5550
03:32:52,399 --> 03:32:53,399
and then we talked about a variation on
5551
03:32:54,239 --> 03:32:55,239
dimms
5552
03:32:55,200 --> 03:32:56,200
sdram
5553
03:32:57,520 --> 03:32:58,520
which stood for synchronous
5554
03:33:00,160 --> 03:33:01,160
dram
5555
03:33:02,720 --> 03:33:03,720
which allowed the dram to synchronize
5556
03:33:05,120 --> 03:33:06,120
with the motherboard clock and at and
5557
03:33:06,880 --> 03:33:07,880
work faster and then we talked a
5558
03:33:08,640 --> 03:33:09,640
variation on that the ddr which doubled
5559
03:33:11,600 --> 03:33:12,600
the rate
5560
03:33:12,560 --> 03:33:13,560
and all the different variations on that
5561
03:33:15,120 --> 03:33:16,120
so now i want to talk about some
5562
03:33:16,560 --> 03:33:17,560
technologies that have been built onto
5563
03:33:18,640 --> 03:33:19,640
these and some of the problems that
5564
03:33:20,560 --> 03:33:21,560
those are overcoming so one thing i'm
5565
03:33:22,479 --> 03:33:23,479
going to talk about first of all is
5566
03:33:23,680 --> 03:33:24,680
something called memory latency which is
5567
03:33:25,840 --> 03:33:26,840
a result of the memory controller
5568
03:33:28,479 --> 03:33:29,479
i then want to talk about multi-channel
5569
03:33:30,560 --> 03:33:31,560
architecture which effectively speeds up
5570
03:33:33,840 --> 03:33:34,840
the accessing of the ram by architecture
5571
03:33:37,040 --> 03:33:38,040
on the motherboard and we have single
5572
03:33:38,960 --> 03:33:39,960
channel
5573
03:33:39,840 --> 03:33:40,840
dual channel and triple channel
5574
03:33:41,840 --> 03:33:42,840
architecture and you have to know the
5575
03:33:43,279 --> 03:33:44,279
difference about these for the a plus
5576
03:33:45,439 --> 03:33:46,439
exam and then there's also quadruple
5577
03:33:47,520 --> 03:33:48,520
channel which makes sense uh once we
5578
03:33:49,680 --> 03:33:50,680
start discussing these it'll all sort of
5579
03:33:51,600 --> 03:33:52,600
blend together but uh you don't need to
5580
03:33:54,000 --> 03:33:55,000
know quadruple channel for the a plus
5581
03:33:55,520 --> 03:33:56,520
exam i'm just mentioning it because it's
5582
03:33:56,960 --> 03:33:57,960
out there
5583
03:33:58,319 --> 03:33:59,319
then we're gonna talk about them in
5584
03:33:59,760 --> 03:34:00,760
single and double-sided ram
5585
03:34:03,040 --> 03:34:04,040
parity versus non-parity ram ecc versus
5586
03:34:06,479 --> 03:34:07,479
non-ecc ram and then something called
5587
03:34:08,960 --> 03:34:09,960
registered memory and all of these have
5588
03:34:11,040 --> 03:34:12,040
to do with the integrity of the memory
5589
03:34:13,920 --> 03:34:14,920
to make sure what's reaching the memory
5590
03:34:15,680 --> 03:34:16,680
is in fact what the computer wants it to
5591
03:34:17,200 --> 03:34:18,200
reach in order to reduce errors
5592
03:34:19,920 --> 03:34:20,920
all right
5593
03:34:20,880 --> 03:34:21,880
so first let's talk about memory latency
5594
03:34:22,960 --> 03:34:23,960
this is also known as column address
5595
03:34:25,359 --> 03:34:26,359
strobe latency just in case you ever see
5596
03:34:27,520 --> 03:34:28,520
that
5597
03:34:28,640 --> 03:34:29,640
this is the delay between the memory
5598
03:34:30,640 --> 03:34:31,640
controller that requests data and the
5599
03:34:32,720 --> 03:34:33,720
data's availability so if you imagine i
5600
03:34:34,960 --> 03:34:35,960
have a memory controller and it says hey
5601
03:34:37,439 --> 03:34:38,439
memory send me over some information
5602
03:34:39,680 --> 03:34:40,680
there's going to be a delay in the
5603
03:34:40,960 --> 03:34:41,960
amount of time that takes
5604
03:34:42,399 --> 03:34:43,399
just like if we played a game of
5605
03:34:43,600 --> 03:34:44,600
telephone and you whispered in someone's
5606
03:34:45,680 --> 03:34:46,680
ear and they whispered in someone else's
5607
03:34:47,600 --> 03:34:48,600
we would it's going to take a long time
5608
03:34:49,760 --> 03:34:50,760
and what we want to do is speed up
5609
03:34:51,920 --> 03:34:52,920
the amount of time it takes by reducing
5610
03:34:54,080 --> 03:34:55,080
the amount of latency so what we want is
5611
03:34:56,319 --> 03:34:57,319
the lower latency the better right the
5612
03:34:58,239 --> 03:34:59,239
lower amount of obstacles the
5613
03:35:00,399 --> 03:35:01,399
information has to travel the better
5614
03:35:04,160 --> 03:35:05,160
and this is generally measured in
5615
03:35:05,840 --> 03:35:06,840
nanoseconds we talked about latency
5616
03:35:07,359 --> 03:35:08,359
we're generally talking about
5617
03:35:08,160 --> 03:35:09,160
nanoseconds but with ram we're really
5618
03:35:10,160 --> 03:35:11,160
going to be talking about this in terms
5619
03:35:11,359 --> 03:35:12,359
of clock cycles if you remember we
5620
03:35:13,439 --> 03:35:14,439
talked about
5621
03:35:15,040 --> 03:35:16,040
a clock cycle occurring right in regular
5622
03:35:18,720 --> 03:35:19,720
sd ram
5623
03:35:22,399 --> 03:35:23,399
and by synchronizing this clock cycle of
5624
03:35:24,479 --> 03:35:25,479
the memory with this the clock cycle on
5625
03:35:26,479 --> 03:35:27,479
the motherboard it was allowing it to
5626
03:35:28,720 --> 03:35:29,720
input and output processes a lot better
5627
03:35:31,200 --> 03:35:32,200
and then we introduced ddr
5628
03:35:33,760 --> 03:35:34,760
which allowed it to
5629
03:35:35,920 --> 03:35:36,920
double
5630
03:35:36,960 --> 03:35:37,960
the amount of information that was
5631
03:35:38,160 --> 03:35:39,160
coming in by doing by
5632
03:35:40,479 --> 03:35:41,479
dealing with information both when the
5633
03:35:42,239 --> 03:35:43,239
clock cycle fell and when it rose
5634
03:35:46,960 --> 03:35:47,960
so multi-channel architecture deals with
5635
03:35:50,560 --> 03:35:51,560
how many channels of communication there
5636
03:35:52,640 --> 03:35:53,640
are between the dram and the memory
5637
03:35:54,800 --> 03:35:55,800
controller
5638
03:35:56,000 --> 03:35:57,000
if you recall
5639
03:35:57,359 --> 03:35:58,359
uh if we have a cpu let's say
5640
03:36:00,960 --> 03:36:01,960
right and there's a memory controller
5641
03:36:02,560 --> 03:36:03,560
it's usually built onto the cpu but
5642
03:36:04,319 --> 03:36:05,319
let's assume that it's not and it needs
5643
03:36:06,319 --> 03:36:07,319
to talk with all the ram and let's say
5644
03:36:08,080 --> 03:36:09,080
we have three ram chips
5645
03:36:12,160 --> 03:36:13,160
they're all in this bank
5646
03:36:14,560 --> 03:36:15,560
i want to give
5647
03:36:17,200 --> 03:36:18,200
the cpu
5648
03:36:18,640 --> 03:36:19,640
the most information at any one point to
5649
03:36:20,560 --> 03:36:21,560
reduce latency but the problem is i only
5650
03:36:22,640 --> 03:36:23,640
have one channel i only have one highway
5651
03:36:24,560 --> 03:36:25,560
one bus for it to go over and so it's
5652
03:36:26,800 --> 03:36:27,800
limit on the amount of information that
5653
03:36:28,319 --> 03:36:29,319
can go over and so what if i
5654
03:36:31,359 --> 03:36:32,359
take this information let's say i have
5655
03:36:33,439 --> 03:36:34,439
four chips here
5656
03:36:37,760 --> 03:36:38,760
and i double the amount of channels
5657
03:36:42,000 --> 03:36:43,000
now i can have twice as much information
5658
03:36:44,800 --> 03:36:45,800
flowing through now i've driven the i
5659
03:36:46,840 --> 03:36:47,840
i've just drawn this but and this is
5660
03:36:49,279 --> 03:36:50,279
sort of a theoretical way of looking at
5661
03:36:50,960 --> 03:36:51,960
it it's not actually the way it
5662
03:36:52,160 --> 03:36:53,160
physically works okay so uh
5663
03:36:55,600 --> 03:36:56,600
when i get some pictures i think that's
5664
03:36:57,120 --> 03:36:58,120
going to clarify this but
5665
03:36:59,760 --> 03:37:00,760
what we're going to do in order to make
5666
03:37:00,960 --> 03:37:01,960
multi-channel architecture work is i'm
5667
03:37:02,800 --> 03:37:03,800
going to have
5668
03:37:03,920 --> 03:37:04,920
let's say a channel 0 and a channel 1
5669
03:37:06,960 --> 03:37:07,960
and i can put two sticks on each of
5670
03:37:09,520 --> 03:37:10,520
these channels
5671
03:37:11,680 --> 03:37:12,680
so when i put those two sticks on i want
5672
03:37:13,520 --> 03:37:14,520
to make sure
5673
03:37:14,880 --> 03:37:15,880
that they're on matching so they're
5674
03:37:16,720 --> 03:37:17,720
they're matching with one another but i
5675
03:37:18,319 --> 03:37:19,319
also want to make sure that they're
5676
03:37:19,279 --> 03:37:20,279
similar and we'll talk more about that
5677
03:37:21,040 --> 03:37:22,040
in a second so that's what this is
5678
03:37:22,239 --> 03:37:23,239
referring to is the sticks are installed
5679
03:37:23,760 --> 03:37:24,760
in matching banks on the motherboard
5680
03:37:25,439 --> 03:37:26,439
that are actually color coded and that's
5681
03:37:27,359 --> 03:37:28,359
how the multi-channel is allowed to work
5682
03:37:31,359 --> 03:37:32,359
and just as i said we want them to be
5683
03:37:32,800 --> 03:37:33,800
similar in speed and capacity so let me
5684
03:37:34,880 --> 03:37:35,880
show you some pictures i think that'll
5685
03:37:36,160 --> 03:37:37,160
clarify this
5686
03:37:37,680 --> 03:37:38,680
all right here's single channel
5687
03:37:39,120 --> 03:37:40,120
architecture
5688
03:37:40,479 --> 03:37:41,479
all of these pieces all the dram goes in
5689
03:37:42,560 --> 03:37:43,560
here
5690
03:37:43,439 --> 03:37:44,439
and there's one i'm just going to draw a
5691
03:37:45,120 --> 03:37:46,120
fake
5692
03:37:46,239 --> 03:37:47,239
channel
5693
03:37:47,359 --> 03:37:48,359
that allows the memory controller to
5694
03:37:49,840 --> 03:37:50,840
talk to all these pieces of ram
5695
03:37:52,000 --> 03:37:53,000
and at any one point it can only all the
5696
03:37:54,160 --> 03:37:55,160
ram all the information has to travel
5697
03:37:56,239 --> 03:37:57,239
through this highway no matter where
5698
03:37:58,000 --> 03:37:59,000
it's coming from
5699
03:37:59,200 --> 03:38:00,200
and that highway is about 64-bit bus
5700
03:38:01,680 --> 03:38:02,680
it's about 64 bits wide so it's you know
5701
03:38:04,720 --> 03:38:05,720
fairly limited
5702
03:38:06,800 --> 03:38:07,800
now instead if i have two channels and
5703
03:38:09,279 --> 03:38:10,279
here we can see matching channels so um
5704
03:38:11,520 --> 03:38:12,520
the reds
5705
03:38:12,720 --> 03:38:13,720
are on a channel together
5706
03:38:14,560 --> 03:38:15,560
and the blacks are on a channel together
5707
03:38:17,279 --> 03:38:18,279
and now i've effectively if i put a chip
5708
03:38:19,520 --> 03:38:20,520
in here
5709
03:38:20,640 --> 03:38:21,640
and a chip in here
5710
03:38:22,640 --> 03:38:23,640
and they're both talking to the cpu i've
5711
03:38:24,960 --> 03:38:25,960
effectively doubled the amount of
5712
03:38:26,720 --> 03:38:27,720
channels i have so now they're talking
5713
03:38:28,640 --> 03:38:29,640
on 128 bits
5714
03:38:30,720 --> 03:38:31,720
and the important thing there
5715
03:38:32,960 --> 03:38:33,960
is just like i've said now this
5716
03:38:36,000 --> 03:38:37,000
this memory the red memory
5717
03:38:38,080 --> 03:38:39,080
can talk at the same time as the black
5718
03:38:40,319 --> 03:38:41,319
memory and they're using completely
5719
03:38:41,680 --> 03:38:42,680
different channels
5720
03:38:43,199 --> 03:38:44,199
now
5721
03:38:44,000 --> 03:38:45,000
what we were talking about with having
5722
03:38:45,199 --> 03:38:46,199
the match
5723
03:38:46,399 --> 03:38:47,399
is that this red channel and this red
5724
03:38:49,279 --> 03:38:50,279
channel if i put two pieces of memory on
5725
03:38:52,080 --> 03:38:53,080
them
5726
03:38:52,880 --> 03:38:53,880
i want them to be matching memory
5727
03:38:54,800 --> 03:38:55,800
because
5728
03:38:55,920 --> 03:38:56,920
uh if i'm just going to draw on this
5729
03:38:57,439 --> 03:38:58,439
black channel might be a little faster
5730
03:38:58,640 --> 03:38:59,640
if this memory is 500 megahertz speed
5731
03:39:01,279 --> 03:39:02,279
and this memory is 500 megahertz speed
5732
03:39:04,319 --> 03:39:05,319
then they're both going to travel at 200
5733
03:39:05,840 --> 03:39:06,840
mega sorry i've been saying 500 they're
5734
03:39:07,760 --> 03:39:08,760
both going to travel at 200 megahertz
5735
03:39:09,520 --> 03:39:10,520
speed however
5736
03:39:12,720 --> 03:39:13,720
if this is 100 and let's say this is 500
5737
03:39:15,120 --> 03:39:16,120
which isn't a speed but let's just say
5738
03:39:16,560 --> 03:39:17,560
it is and this is 500 megahertz
5739
03:39:19,840 --> 03:39:20,840
now because they're both sharing the
5740
03:39:21,920 --> 03:39:22,920
same channel
5741
03:39:23,279 --> 03:39:24,279
they're only going to travel
5742
03:39:24,800 --> 03:39:25,800
at 100 speed so it's important that we
5743
03:39:27,359 --> 03:39:28,359
make sure that these two pieces of
5744
03:39:29,600 --> 03:39:30,600
memory are exactly the same and it's not
5745
03:39:32,000 --> 03:39:33,000
that they won't work it's just that they
5746
03:39:33,279 --> 03:39:34,279
won't work as efficiently so again in
5747
03:39:35,199 --> 03:39:36,199
the matching banks we have a red and a
5748
03:39:37,040 --> 03:39:38,040
red and a black and a black we want to
5749
03:39:38,960 --> 03:39:39,960
make sure that these are matching
5750
03:39:42,080 --> 03:39:43,080
sticks
5751
03:39:43,840 --> 03:39:44,840
if we have
5752
03:39:44,880 --> 03:39:45,880
triple channel so let's say i have one
5753
03:39:47,840 --> 03:39:48,840
two
5754
03:39:48,720 --> 03:39:49,720
three banks and they each have their own
5755
03:39:50,640 --> 03:39:51,640
channel that's each 64 bits
5756
03:39:54,720 --> 03:39:55,720
i've effectively increased my
5757
03:39:56,880 --> 03:39:57,880
bus to a 192 bit bus likewise if i have
5758
03:40:00,560 --> 03:40:01,560
a quadruple channel
5759
03:40:02,239 --> 03:40:03,239
i now have a 256 bit bus
5760
03:40:05,359 --> 03:40:06,359
you can see the benefit here and how
5761
03:40:06,880 --> 03:40:07,880
much faster the cpu is going to be able
5762
03:40:08,880 --> 03:40:09,880
to access information
5763
03:40:11,279 --> 03:40:12,279
all right so we talked about memory
5764
03:40:13,040 --> 03:40:14,040
latency which is the amount of time it
5765
03:40:15,520 --> 03:40:16,520
takes from the memory controller
5766
03:40:20,399 --> 03:40:21,399
to the cpu and the ram
5767
03:40:23,840 --> 03:40:24,840
right and there's a certain amount of
5768
03:40:25,439 --> 03:40:26,439
latency that occurs and we count that in
5769
03:40:27,359 --> 03:40:28,359
clock cycles and then we talked about
5770
03:40:29,199 --> 03:40:30,199
multi-channel architecture a 64-bit
5771
03:40:33,840 --> 03:40:34,840
limit on the single arc channel
5772
03:40:35,680 --> 03:40:36,680
architecture and then we have the dual
5773
03:40:37,760 --> 03:40:38,760
architecture which effectively raises
5774
03:40:39,760 --> 03:40:40,760
this to 128
5775
03:40:42,160 --> 03:40:43,160
the triple which effectively raises it
5776
03:40:43,920 --> 03:40:44,920
to
5777
03:40:45,840 --> 03:40:46,840
and the quadruple
5778
03:40:47,760 --> 03:40:48,760
which raise it to
5779
03:40:49,439 --> 03:40:50,439
256.
5780
03:40:53,840 --> 03:40:54,840
so now that we've discussed the single
5781
03:40:57,600 --> 03:40:58,600
through the quadruple channel
5782
03:40:59,120 --> 03:41:00,120
architecture i want to talk about
5783
03:41:00,560 --> 03:41:01,560
something else that has to do with
5784
03:41:01,680 --> 03:41:02,680
numbers so i want you to make sure we're
5785
03:41:03,199 --> 03:41:04,199
keeping this separate which is the
5786
03:41:04,640 --> 03:41:05,640
single-sided versus double-sided memory
5787
03:41:09,600 --> 03:41:10,600
so here's the way it works you see all
5788
03:41:11,680 --> 03:41:12,680
these
5789
03:41:12,840 --> 03:41:13,840
chips on the on the on the stick
5790
03:41:16,800 --> 03:41:17,800
and they're all on one side now there
5791
03:41:18,880 --> 03:41:19,880
might be some on the other side as well
5792
03:41:21,439 --> 03:41:22,439
and basically a single versus double
5793
03:41:23,439 --> 03:41:24,439
bank of chips on the stick that's what
5794
03:41:25,520 --> 03:41:26,520
we're talking about when we talk about
5795
03:41:26,800 --> 03:41:27,800
single versus double sided memory
5796
03:41:29,680 --> 03:41:30,680
the computer can only access one bank of
5797
03:41:32,239 --> 03:41:33,239
data at a time either on this side
5798
03:41:35,040 --> 03:41:36,040
or on the flip side so let's call this
5799
03:41:36,800 --> 03:41:37,800
the a side and the b side it can only
5800
03:41:39,520 --> 03:41:40,520
access the a or the b at one time and so
5801
03:41:42,319 --> 03:41:43,319
of course i want more data on one side
5802
03:41:45,760 --> 03:41:46,760
because that's going to make it faster
5803
03:41:48,720 --> 03:41:49,720
right
5804
03:41:49,600 --> 03:41:50,600
but single-sided chips if it's all on
5805
03:41:52,080 --> 03:41:53,080
one side means that each one of these
5806
03:41:53,600 --> 03:41:54,600
chips is holding more information the
5807
03:41:56,080 --> 03:41:57,080
more information that's on this chip the
5808
03:41:57,600 --> 03:41:58,600
more expensive it is so a more expensive
5809
03:42:00,239 --> 03:42:01,239
chip is going to be single-sided and
5810
03:42:01,920 --> 03:42:02,920
this is a case in which single is good
5811
03:42:03,920 --> 03:42:04,920
as opposed to double speed right
5812
03:42:06,960 --> 03:42:07,960
but double-sided is going to be cheaper
5813
03:42:09,279 --> 03:42:10,279
so that's the difference between single
5814
03:42:10,800 --> 03:42:11,800
and double-sided ships and i just want
5815
03:42:12,399 --> 03:42:13,399
to mention that it's very important and
5816
03:42:14,239 --> 03:42:15,239
it will come up in the test and that is
5817
03:42:15,920 --> 03:42:16,920
different from single or double
5818
03:42:17,520 --> 03:42:18,520
architecture uh channel architecture
5819
03:42:21,600 --> 03:42:22,600
now let's talk about some integrity
5820
03:42:23,040 --> 03:42:24,040
things parity versus non-parity
5821
03:42:27,600 --> 03:42:28,600
this is specifically for error detection
5822
03:42:30,000 --> 03:42:31,000
and we'll get into hashing and how it
5823
03:42:32,160 --> 03:42:33,160
does this later on when we talk about
5824
03:42:33,920 --> 03:42:34,920
security in the security plus exam if
5825
03:42:36,239 --> 03:42:37,239
you're going to stick around for that
5826
03:42:37,520 --> 03:42:38,520
long but basically what happens if you
5827
03:42:40,479 --> 03:42:41,479
think about it for every byte of data
5828
03:42:42,239 --> 03:42:43,239
which is eight bits
5829
03:42:45,199 --> 03:42:46,199
we're going to store one extra parity
5830
03:42:47,760 --> 03:42:48,760
bit
5831
03:42:51,040 --> 03:42:52,040
making for a total of nine bits
5832
03:42:54,160 --> 03:42:55,160
this extra bit
5833
03:42:55,920 --> 03:42:56,920
allows
5834
03:42:58,319 --> 03:42:59,319
the memory and the computer to check
5835
03:43:00,319 --> 03:43:01,319
that the data going onto the memory is
5836
03:43:02,160 --> 03:43:03,160
in fact good it doesn't have any errors
5837
03:43:04,160 --> 03:43:05,160
in it
5838
03:43:07,520 --> 03:43:08,520
so nine bits are stored instead of eight
5839
03:43:09,840 --> 03:43:10,840
bits so you can imagine this is gonna
5840
03:43:11,359 --> 03:43:12,359
take up more time and more speed but
5841
03:43:14,080 --> 03:43:15,080
it's gonna
5842
03:43:15,040 --> 03:43:16,040
it's gonna increase the integrity so
5843
03:43:17,520 --> 03:43:18,520
it's slightly more expensive and it's
5844
03:43:18,960 --> 03:43:19,960
slightly slower but it's necessary when
5845
03:43:21,120 --> 03:43:22,120
in data integrity is is uh important
5846
03:43:24,399 --> 03:43:25,399
meaning that i don't want the computer
5847
03:43:25,760 --> 03:43:26,760
to crash
5848
03:43:26,960 --> 03:43:27,960
because it suddenly got a bit bad piece
5849
03:43:28,880 --> 03:43:29,880
of data which can happen because there's
5850
03:43:30,479 --> 03:43:31,479
their computer stuff happens and this is
5851
03:43:32,319 --> 03:43:33,319
something we deal with over and over
5852
03:43:33,920 --> 03:43:34,920
again in computers is making sure the
5853
03:43:35,920 --> 03:43:36,920
data is it has integrity meaning the
5854
03:43:38,080 --> 03:43:39,080
data that the cpu asked for and the data
5855
03:43:40,720 --> 03:43:41,720
that the motherboard or that rather the
5856
03:43:42,560 --> 03:43:43,560
ram sent is the mother that was re is
5857
03:43:45,439 --> 03:43:46,439
the data that was received
5858
03:43:48,399 --> 03:43:49,399
now this is slightly different although
5859
03:43:50,160 --> 03:43:51,160
it's the same principle from ecc and
5860
03:43:52,160 --> 03:43:53,160
non-ecc ecc is error correction code so
5861
03:43:56,399 --> 03:43:57,399
parity
5862
03:43:57,600 --> 03:43:58,600
allows the computer to recognize
5863
03:44:00,319 --> 03:44:01,319
if there is a an error
5864
03:44:03,120 --> 03:44:04,120
so it looks at that bit and it can look
5865
03:44:04,960 --> 03:44:05,960
at the other data and can say oh there's
5866
03:44:06,239 --> 03:44:07,239
an error and it can shut down the
5867
03:44:08,479 --> 03:44:09,479
process before it causes an a huge error
5868
03:44:10,960 --> 03:44:11,960
on the computer which you can imagine is
5869
03:44:12,720 --> 03:44:13,720
really important if i'm talking about a
5870
03:44:14,239 --> 03:44:15,239
server or something that's serving
5871
03:44:15,920 --> 03:44:16,920
thousands of people like a google server
5872
03:44:17,840 --> 03:44:18,840
or yahoo server or something
5873
03:44:20,479 --> 03:44:21,479
ecc allows you to detect
5874
03:44:23,199 --> 03:44:24,199
and correct the data and the reason it
5875
03:44:25,279 --> 03:44:26,279
can do this is it stores more bits seven
5876
03:44:27,840 --> 03:44:28,840
bits with ever 32 bits of data so
5877
03:44:30,160 --> 03:44:31,160
whereas with every 32 bits of data um
5878
03:44:33,279 --> 03:44:34,279
parity would have stored four it's gonna
5879
03:44:35,279 --> 03:44:36,279
store seven and it can do that and then
5880
03:44:37,920 --> 03:44:38,920
it has enough to information and this is
5881
03:44:40,239 --> 03:44:41,239
a little more complicated to how it does
5882
03:44:42,479 --> 03:44:43,479
this but the important thing is that it
5883
03:44:43,920 --> 03:44:44,920
can correct as well as detect the data
5884
03:44:47,120 --> 03:44:48,120
what you really want to know about
5885
03:44:48,560 --> 03:44:49,560
parity and ecc is they're both involved
5886
03:44:52,319 --> 03:44:53,319
in maintaining
5887
03:44:54,800 --> 03:44:55,800
data integrity
5888
03:44:56,560 --> 03:44:57,560
okay meaning that it's gonna keep the
5889
03:44:58,880 --> 03:44:59,880
computer from shutting down
5890
03:45:01,600 --> 03:45:02,600
however again it's more expensive
5891
03:45:04,800 --> 03:45:05,800
and it's much it's a little bit i'm not
5892
03:45:06,640 --> 03:45:07,640
gonna say much but it is slower in terms
5893
03:45:09,120 --> 03:45:10,120
of a computer however it's much better
5894
03:45:11,359 --> 03:45:12,359
at detecting and correcting errors and
5895
03:45:13,359 --> 03:45:14,359
when data integrity is important meaning
5896
03:45:15,840 --> 03:45:16,840
i want to make sure that the information
5897
03:45:18,080 --> 03:45:19,080
traveling between the cpu and the ram
5898
03:45:20,960 --> 03:45:21,960
chip are are the same and sometimes
5899
03:45:23,359 --> 03:45:24,359
errors happen in electronics then i'm
5900
03:45:25,760 --> 03:45:26,760
going to want to have this probably in a
5901
03:45:27,760 --> 03:45:28,760
server or something where i don't want
5902
03:45:29,760 --> 03:45:30,760
the server to shut down i need to make
5903
03:45:31,279 --> 03:45:32,279
sure data is secure and in in and the
5904
03:45:34,000 --> 03:45:35,000
integrity is pure
5905
03:45:37,040 --> 03:45:38,040
registered memory is slightly different
5906
03:45:39,279 --> 03:45:40,279
so whereas parody and ecc these are
5907
03:45:41,279 --> 03:45:42,279
things that you're going to see on the
5908
03:45:42,399 --> 03:45:43,399
chip you can buy parity ram or e-ram or
5909
03:45:45,359 --> 03:45:46,359
ecc ram if you ever see that e on a ram
5910
03:45:48,319 --> 03:45:49,319
that stands for ecc okay
5911
03:45:50,560 --> 03:45:51,560
registered memory also is also referred
5912
03:45:53,359 --> 03:45:54,359
to as buffered memory
5913
03:45:55,600 --> 03:45:56,600
and what this does is all information
5914
03:45:58,239 --> 03:45:59,239
written to and read from the ram is
5915
03:46:00,319 --> 03:46:01,319
actually buffered
5916
03:46:02,239 --> 03:46:03,239
uh between the ram and the memory
5917
03:46:03,840 --> 03:46:04,840
controller so if i have the ram here
5918
03:46:07,040 --> 03:46:08,040
and the memory controller let's put the
5919
03:46:08,800 --> 03:46:09,800
memory controller here and let's put the
5920
03:46:10,880 --> 03:46:11,880
ram
5921
03:46:12,160 --> 03:46:13,160
here what it's doing is it's actually
5922
03:46:15,359 --> 03:46:16,359
registering and buffering the data here
5923
03:46:17,840 --> 03:46:18,840
so in fact it's one clock cycle slower
5924
03:46:20,800 --> 03:46:21,800
right it's a lot slower but what it's
5925
03:46:22,800 --> 03:46:23,800
doing is it can take it in here make
5926
03:46:24,800 --> 03:46:25,800
sure the information is correct before
5927
03:46:26,479 --> 03:46:27,479
it sends it on and that's going to
5928
03:46:28,080 --> 03:46:29,080
reduce the amount of errors
5929
03:46:30,160 --> 03:46:31,160
so this improves the integrity of the
5930
03:46:31,920 --> 03:46:32,920
signal and therefore it adds stability
5931
03:46:34,319 --> 03:46:35,319
just like all the other stuff and so in
5932
03:46:36,160 --> 03:46:37,160
a server and something really important
5933
03:46:37,840 --> 03:46:38,840
i don't need to shut down this is
5934
03:46:39,600 --> 03:46:40,600
probably something we're going to deal
5935
03:46:40,640 --> 03:46:41,640
with
5936
03:46:42,800 --> 03:46:43,800
again as i mentioned it's more expensive
5937
03:46:44,960 --> 03:46:45,960
and it can cause latency meaning it can
5938
03:46:47,199 --> 03:46:48,199
slow things down but we give some of
5939
03:46:49,920 --> 03:46:50,920
that stuff up
5940
03:46:51,840 --> 03:46:52,840
for pure signal and a more stable system
5941
03:46:56,319 --> 03:46:57,319
all right so we've talked about now
5942
03:46:58,080 --> 03:46:59,080
single-sided versus double-sided parity
5943
03:47:00,560 --> 03:47:01,560
versus non-parity ecc versus non-ecc and
5944
03:47:03,840 --> 03:47:04,840
then registered
5945
03:47:05,120 --> 03:47:06,120
let's go over all these topics because
5946
03:47:06,880 --> 03:47:07,880
we had a lot here first of all we talked
5947
03:47:08,800 --> 03:47:09,800
about memory latency and that is a a lag
5948
03:47:12,720 --> 03:47:13,720
if you will
5949
03:47:13,920 --> 03:47:14,920
and the time it takes for the data to
5950
03:47:15,680 --> 03:47:16,680
travel
5951
03:47:16,720 --> 03:47:17,720
between the ram
5952
03:47:19,120 --> 03:47:20,120
and the memory controller
5953
03:47:20,960 --> 03:47:21,960
because when this says hey send over
5954
03:47:22,800 --> 03:47:23,800
some stuff
5955
03:47:24,000 --> 03:47:25,000
it's going to take a while for this
5956
03:47:25,520 --> 03:47:26,520
information to come up and then send
5957
03:47:27,279 --> 03:47:28,279
over and again we're measuring that in
5958
03:47:28,880 --> 03:47:29,880
clock cycles
5959
03:47:30,800 --> 03:47:31,800
so it might take a clock cycle less and
5960
03:47:33,279 --> 03:47:34,279
in computers that can be a long time
5961
03:47:35,359 --> 03:47:36,359
we also talked about multi-channel
5962
03:47:37,520 --> 03:47:38,520
architecture so a single channel gives
5963
03:47:39,840 --> 03:47:40,840
us that 64-bit channel
5964
03:47:42,560 --> 03:47:43,560
a dual channel
5965
03:47:45,120 --> 03:47:46,120
means i have two channels that are
5966
03:47:46,479 --> 03:47:47,479
talking to each other
5967
03:47:48,160 --> 03:47:49,160
right but which increases the channels
5968
03:47:50,399 --> 03:47:51,399
220 bit
5969
03:47:52,640 --> 03:47:53,640
triple channel gives me 192 bits
5970
03:47:56,160 --> 03:47:57,160
quadruple
5971
03:47:57,520 --> 03:47:58,520
doubles that up to 256
5972
03:48:01,359 --> 03:48:02,359
then we talked about single-sided versus
5973
03:48:03,040 --> 03:48:04,040
double-sided in this case i want
5974
03:48:05,040 --> 03:48:06,040
single-sided architecture
5975
03:48:06,880 --> 03:48:07,880
because single-sided means that i'm
5976
03:48:09,279 --> 03:48:10,279
going to have um
5977
03:48:11,840 --> 03:48:12,840
a faster
5978
03:48:13,120 --> 03:48:14,120
and
5979
03:48:14,800 --> 03:48:15,800
faster access to ram because
5980
03:48:18,160 --> 03:48:19,160
the cpu can only access data on one side
5981
03:48:20,640 --> 03:48:21,640
of the chip at a time
5982
03:48:23,040 --> 03:48:24,040
we also talked about parity versus
5983
03:48:24,800 --> 03:48:25,800
non-parity which
5984
03:48:26,319 --> 03:48:27,319
detects
5985
03:48:27,520 --> 03:48:28,520
errors
5986
03:48:30,399 --> 03:48:31,399
ecc which not only detects but also
5987
03:48:33,199 --> 03:48:34,199
corrects errors
5988
03:48:35,520 --> 03:48:36,520
and then registered memory which offers
5989
03:48:38,160 --> 03:48:39,160
a buffer for the memory so we can make
5990
03:48:40,720 --> 03:48:41,720
sure that when the memory gets to the
5991
03:48:42,640 --> 03:48:43,640
memory controller it is pure and it is
5992
03:48:44,880 --> 03:48:45,880
what we wanted
5993
03:48:46,160 --> 03:48:47,160
so now that we've talked about memory in
5994
03:48:48,640 --> 03:48:49,640
general i want to go ahead and talk
5995
03:48:50,880 --> 03:48:51,880
about um
5996
03:48:52,560 --> 03:48:53,560
different storage devices that are used
5997
03:48:55,920 --> 03:48:56,920
not only that for the short-term memory
5998
03:48:57,439 --> 03:48:58,439
but when we need to store this memory or
5999
03:48:59,600 --> 03:49:00,600
this information into a longer term
6000
03:49:02,319 --> 03:49:03,319
place on the computer
6001
03:49:08,120 --> 03:49:09,120
[Music]
6002
03:49:23,920 --> 03:49:24,920
welcome to module 4 lesson 4 installing
6003
03:49:26,239 --> 03:49:27,239
and configuring pc expansion cards
6004
03:49:29,600 --> 03:49:30,600
which is a new topic for the updated
6005
03:49:32,640 --> 03:49:33,640
syllabus
6006
03:49:34,399 --> 03:49:35,399
you'll be doing a lot of this as a
6007
03:49:36,560 --> 03:49:37,560
pc engineering you may well already have
6008
03:49:38,640 --> 03:49:39,640
done it if you have a home computer and
6009
03:49:40,560 --> 03:49:41,560
needed to
6010
03:49:42,000 --> 03:49:43,000
add something or upgrade something a lot
6011
03:49:44,800 --> 03:49:45,800
of people really enjoy modifying their
6012
03:49:47,040 --> 03:49:48,040
computers
6013
03:49:48,479 --> 03:49:49,479
i've certainly had to install
6014
03:49:50,840 --> 03:49:51,840
updated video cards because i do a
6015
03:49:54,319 --> 03:49:55,319
little bit of
6016
03:49:55,359 --> 03:49:56,359
filming videos even though it's only
6017
03:49:57,920 --> 03:49:58,920
filming powerpoint and desktop i've had
6018
03:49:59,680 --> 03:50:00,680
to improve what came with the pc
6019
03:50:02,319 --> 03:50:03,319
improving sound cards and adding new
6020
03:50:05,279 --> 03:50:06,279
network cards when old ones break or
6021
03:50:07,520 --> 03:50:08,520
ports break
6022
03:50:09,439 --> 03:50:10,439
as you know a lot of motherboards have
6023
03:50:11,600 --> 03:50:12,600
uh port soldered on especially the
6024
03:50:13,520 --> 03:50:14,520
cheaper motherboards so it could have a
6025
03:50:15,040 --> 03:50:16,040
sound card
6026
03:50:16,479 --> 03:50:17,479
soldered on
6027
03:50:17,760 --> 03:50:18,760
and um or sound ports and also
6028
03:50:21,520 --> 03:50:22,520
ethernet ports and if these break for
6029
03:50:23,840 --> 03:50:24,840
whatever reason you can't replace them
6030
03:50:25,439 --> 03:50:26,439
because they're soldered so you have to
6031
03:50:27,199 --> 03:50:28,199
slot in cards
6032
03:50:28,800 --> 03:50:29,800
depending on which slots you have
6033
03:50:30,239 --> 03:50:31,239
available
6034
03:50:31,760 --> 03:50:32,760
so we'll look at installing and
6035
03:50:32,800 --> 03:50:33,800
configuring pc expansion cards
6036
03:50:35,680 --> 03:50:36,680
sound video network usb firewire
6037
03:50:39,120 --> 03:50:40,120
thunderbolt storage
6038
03:50:41,600 --> 03:50:42,600
modem i'm not sure why they've put that
6039
03:50:44,080 --> 03:50:45,080
in the syllabus modem cards but it's
6040
03:50:46,479 --> 03:50:47,479
there
6041
03:50:47,520 --> 03:50:48,520
wireless cellular cards tv tuners riser
6042
03:50:50,720 --> 03:50:51,720
carts
6043
03:50:52,239 --> 03:50:53,239
so as you know we've covered
6044
03:50:53,840 --> 03:50:54,840
motherboards already or if we if we
6045
03:50:56,000 --> 03:50:57,000
haven't it's going to be one of the
6046
03:50:57,680 --> 03:50:58,680
lectures there
6047
03:50:59,120 --> 03:51:00,120
and you'll normally have spare slots
6048
03:51:02,640 --> 03:51:03,640
unless it's some sort of micro pc
6049
03:51:05,359 --> 03:51:06,359
you'll have a few spare slots of
6050
03:51:07,439 --> 03:51:08,439
different air types now you
6051
03:51:09,520 --> 03:51:10,520
before you go buying any cards you need
6052
03:51:11,520 --> 03:51:12,520
to ensure
6053
03:51:12,720 --> 03:51:13,720
that um
6054
03:51:14,000 --> 03:51:15,000
two things are correct
6055
03:51:16,399 --> 03:51:17,399
you've got a spare slot
6056
03:51:19,279 --> 03:51:20,279
somewhere on your motherboard and the
6057
03:51:21,840 --> 03:51:22,840
second thing is it's compatible with the
6058
03:51:23,840 --> 03:51:24,840
card
6059
03:51:25,040 --> 03:51:26,040
that you're planning to buy
6060
03:51:27,279 --> 03:51:28,279
so check
6061
03:51:28,720 --> 03:51:29,720
your um motherboard documentation i had
6062
03:51:31,920 --> 03:51:32,920
to
6063
03:51:32,880 --> 03:51:33,880
recently install a new uh hard drive an
6064
03:51:35,359 --> 03:51:36,359
ssd
6065
03:51:36,479 --> 03:51:37,479
so i just had to make sure that the
6066
03:51:38,479 --> 03:51:39,479
connectors were correct
6067
03:51:40,880 --> 03:51:41,880
on my motherboard that it was compatible
6068
03:51:43,520 --> 03:51:44,520
and
6069
03:51:44,560 --> 03:51:45,560
and i had the i had the spare connectors
6070
03:51:46,560 --> 03:51:47,560
i had the spare capacity to add it
6071
03:51:50,720 --> 03:51:51,720
so the expansion card is a printed
6072
03:51:52,960 --> 03:51:53,960
circuit board fits into the expansion
6073
03:51:54,880 --> 03:51:55,880
slot of your computer
6074
03:51:56,960 --> 03:51:57,960
it enhances the functionality you know
6075
03:51:58,880 --> 03:51:59,880
that does something that the computer
6076
03:52:00,640 --> 03:52:01,640
already does better
6077
03:52:02,399 --> 03:52:03,399
or it lets you do something that you
6078
03:52:03,920 --> 03:52:04,920
couldn't previously do like plug in a tv
6079
03:52:08,239 --> 03:52:09,239
obviously
6080
03:52:09,279 --> 03:52:10,279
you have to power off your computer
6081
03:52:11,680 --> 03:52:12,680
before you insert the expansion card
6082
03:52:14,560 --> 03:52:15,560
add your anti-static wristband
6083
03:52:18,160 --> 03:52:19,160
uh and check the documentation obviously
6084
03:52:21,120 --> 03:52:22,120
yeah the gold plated connectors of the
6085
03:52:22,640 --> 03:52:23,640
expansion card are slid in
6086
03:52:24,960 --> 03:52:25,960
now normally you just have to wiggle it
6087
03:52:26,880 --> 03:52:27,880
slightly backwards and forwards in order
6088
03:52:29,600 --> 03:52:30,600
for it to
6089
03:52:30,800 --> 03:52:31,800
fit
6090
03:52:32,080 --> 03:52:33,080
occasionally it just slots straight in
6091
03:52:33,600 --> 03:52:34,600
but at the time you just have to give it
6092
03:52:35,040 --> 03:52:36,040
a little wiggle backward and forwards
6093
03:52:37,920 --> 03:52:38,920
and sometimes as you can see on the left
6094
03:52:39,760 --> 03:52:40,760
there there's a blanking plate
6095
03:52:42,319 --> 03:52:43,319
that is there to keep dust out and keep
6096
03:52:44,640 --> 03:52:45,640
the airflow working well
6097
03:52:46,720 --> 03:52:47,720
and optimally inside your pc
6098
03:52:49,520 --> 03:52:50,520
so you may just have to work that loose
6099
03:52:51,600 --> 03:52:52,600
sometimes has a little screw in there
6100
03:52:54,080 --> 03:52:55,080
undo the screw just wiggle it loose and
6101
03:52:56,000 --> 03:52:57,000
it'll come free
6102
03:52:57,439 --> 03:52:58,439
and that will allow you to insert your
6103
03:52:58,960 --> 03:52:59,960
expansion card
6104
03:53:00,560 --> 03:53:01,560
and on the end of the expansion card is
6105
03:53:02,399 --> 03:53:03,399
a little screw hole so you can screw it
6106
03:53:04,399 --> 03:53:05,399
to the back of your chassis
6107
03:53:09,199 --> 03:53:10,199
uh don't try and force it i've said make
6108
03:53:11,199 --> 03:53:12,199
sure it's compatible but just don't try
6109
03:53:13,040 --> 03:53:14,040
and force it in
6110
03:53:15,040 --> 03:53:16,040
uh again check the um pins line up
6111
03:53:17,439 --> 03:53:18,439
normally there's a groove
6112
03:53:19,279 --> 03:53:20,279
carved into the circuit board to stop
6113
03:53:22,319 --> 03:53:23,319
you trying to
6114
03:53:24,399 --> 03:53:25,399
plug in the wrong type of card to the
6115
03:53:26,319 --> 03:53:27,319
wrong slot
6116
03:53:29,439 --> 03:53:30,439
okay establishes contact obviously you
6117
03:53:31,520 --> 03:53:32,520
won't know it's um
6118
03:53:33,680 --> 03:53:34,680
working until you reboot the pc
6119
03:53:36,640 --> 03:53:37,640
software expansion cards usually come
6120
03:53:38,880 --> 03:53:39,880
with some sort of um
6121
03:53:40,640 --> 03:53:41,640
cd
6122
03:53:41,840 --> 03:53:42,840
software
6123
03:53:43,600 --> 03:53:44,600
or at the very least they download the
6124
03:53:45,439 --> 03:53:46,439
software
6125
03:53:48,160 --> 03:53:49,160
so we'll go to various sound cards and
6126
03:53:49,920 --> 03:53:50,920
i'll come back to installation in a bit
6127
03:53:52,960 --> 03:53:53,960
sound card also known as audio card it's
6128
03:53:55,680 --> 03:53:56,680
an expansion card that provides audio
6129
03:53:57,520 --> 03:53:58,520
capability
6130
03:53:58,880 --> 03:53:59,880
or um improved audio if your
6131
03:54:02,560 --> 03:54:03,560
current card or ports aren't up to the
6132
03:54:05,840 --> 03:54:06,840
job
6133
03:54:07,439 --> 03:54:08,439
the main ports you'll use are the
6134
03:54:10,479 --> 03:54:11,479
line-in
6135
03:54:11,920 --> 03:54:12,920
which is the pink one which you'll use
6136
03:54:13,920 --> 03:54:14,920
for a microphone if you wanted to do
6137
03:54:15,680 --> 03:54:16,680
some recording
6138
03:54:17,120 --> 03:54:18,120
and then the green one is for a line out
6139
03:54:20,880 --> 03:54:21,880
which will go to your headphone or your
6140
03:54:22,880 --> 03:54:23,880
speaker system
6141
03:54:24,800 --> 03:54:25,800
now depending on how much money you have
6142
03:54:26,479 --> 03:54:27,479
and what you need you'll get other ports
6143
03:54:28,080 --> 03:54:29,080
like optical ports joystick ports
6144
03:54:31,439 --> 03:54:32,439
and just depends so just check what you
6145
03:54:33,680 --> 03:54:34,680
need and check the documentation
6146
03:54:38,319 --> 03:54:39,319
a video card is expansion card that
6147
03:54:40,479 --> 03:54:41,479
creates a feed of viewable images you
6148
03:54:43,199 --> 03:54:44,199
normally replace this if your current
6149
03:54:45,120 --> 03:54:46,120
sound card is um
6150
03:54:47,120 --> 03:54:48,120
just not powerful enough or if it's
6151
03:54:49,600 --> 03:54:50,600
faulty and it's soldered onto the
6152
03:54:51,279 --> 03:54:52,279
motherboard you would upgrade
6153
03:54:53,920 --> 03:54:54,920
you can see this one looks like it's got
6154
03:54:55,359 --> 03:54:56,359
a vga and dva slot
6155
03:54:57,680 --> 03:54:58,680
again make sure you're buying the right
6156
03:54:59,199 --> 03:55:00,199
thing because um
6157
03:55:01,120 --> 03:55:02,120
your monitor needs to be compatible with
6158
03:55:03,279 --> 03:55:04,279
your card in as much as you need to have
6159
03:55:05,359 --> 03:55:06,359
the right cable to connect one end to
6160
03:55:07,680 --> 03:55:08,680
the other end so do double and triple
6161
03:55:10,160 --> 03:55:11,160
check
6162
03:55:12,000 --> 03:55:13,000
popular expansion slot for video is pcie
6163
03:55:17,040 --> 03:55:18,040
video card normally has components on
6164
03:55:19,199 --> 03:55:20,199
such as a graphics processing unit it
6165
03:55:21,439 --> 03:55:22,439
has its own heatsink
6166
03:55:23,279 --> 03:55:24,279
video memory
6167
03:55:24,880 --> 03:55:25,880
and this is why they're often upgraded
6168
03:55:26,720 --> 03:55:27,720
because these cards can come with i
6169
03:55:28,560 --> 03:55:29,560
think the latest one i was looking at
6170
03:55:30,000 --> 03:55:31,000
had two gigabyte
6171
03:55:32,000 --> 03:55:33,000
of on-board memory plus two fans it ran
6172
03:55:35,279 --> 03:55:36,279
in silent mode it didn't make any noise
6173
03:55:37,359 --> 03:55:38,359
whatsoever so these things are just
6174
03:55:39,359 --> 03:55:40,359
becoming mind-bogglingly powerful
6175
03:55:42,399 --> 03:55:43,399
obviously more popular with gamers and
6176
03:55:44,160 --> 03:55:45,160
professional graphics people who make
6177
03:55:46,880 --> 03:55:47,880
videos
6178
03:55:48,399 --> 03:55:49,399
you'll have ports such as vgi vga svdo
6179
03:55:51,680 --> 03:55:52,680
and dvi
6180
03:55:54,080 --> 03:55:55,080
now here's
6181
03:55:55,600 --> 03:55:56,600
some software that comes with my video
6182
03:55:57,840 --> 03:55:58,840
card nvidia
6183
03:56:01,600 --> 03:56:02,600
i'm not sure if
6184
03:56:03,040 --> 03:56:04,040
you call it nvidia or something like
6185
03:56:05,920 --> 03:56:06,920
that i'm never asked but it comes with
6186
03:56:08,479 --> 03:56:09,479
its own software that lets you do a lot
6187
03:56:10,319 --> 03:56:11,319
of stuff tweaking it
6188
03:56:12,080 --> 03:56:13,080
boosting the performance depending on
6189
03:56:14,000 --> 03:56:15,000
your
6190
03:56:15,279 --> 03:56:16,279
and capability of your pc you can change
6191
03:56:18,239 --> 03:56:19,239
the resolution on your monitor a whole
6192
03:56:20,720 --> 03:56:21,720
bunch of things so
6193
03:56:22,560 --> 03:56:23,560
and normally you'd have this software
6194
03:56:23,840 --> 03:56:24,840
that also runs
6195
03:56:25,520 --> 03:56:26,520
along with your video card so you don't
6196
03:56:27,920 --> 03:56:28,920
um just leave it to the default settings
6197
03:56:30,880 --> 03:56:31,880
on windows 7 or whatever you're running
6198
03:56:33,439 --> 03:56:34,439
you get the full use out of it
6199
03:56:35,840 --> 03:56:36,840
network cards obviously lets you um have
6200
03:56:38,560 --> 03:56:39,560
networking capability for your
6201
03:56:41,439 --> 03:56:42,439
pc
6202
03:56:42,560 --> 03:56:43,560
not much to say about that really
6203
03:56:45,279 --> 03:56:46,279
normally come with an ethernet port
6204
03:56:48,399 --> 03:56:49,399
because that's the standard we use
6205
03:56:49,760 --> 03:56:50,760
generally
6206
03:56:51,279 --> 03:56:52,279
usb cards uh provides usb ports on the
6207
03:56:54,640 --> 03:56:55,640
computer normally you'll have a few
6208
03:56:56,800 --> 03:56:57,800
anyway but obviously if you've got a
6209
03:56:58,720 --> 03:56:59,720
small computer it will have a limited
6210
03:57:01,040 --> 03:57:02,040
amount or it may not have usb 3 for
6211
03:57:04,000 --> 03:57:05,000
example
6212
03:57:06,239 --> 03:57:07,239
firewire
6213
03:57:07,680 --> 03:57:08,680
and not sure how
6214
03:57:09,279 --> 03:57:10,279
much firewire is used anymore actually
6215
03:57:11,840 --> 03:57:12,840
typically used to connect camcorders
6216
03:57:14,080 --> 03:57:15,080
external hard drives that benefit from
6217
03:57:17,279 --> 03:57:18,279
high transfer rates
6218
03:57:20,399 --> 03:57:21,399
thunderbolt cards
6219
03:57:23,359 --> 03:57:24,359
thunderbolt and
6220
03:57:24,720 --> 03:57:25,720
provides thunderbolt ports to a computer
6221
03:57:27,760 --> 03:57:28,760
it's a new i o technology that provides
6222
03:57:30,000 --> 03:57:31,000
10 gigabytes per second of throughput
6223
03:57:32,640 --> 03:57:33,640
both directions i think they only work
6224
03:57:35,120 --> 03:57:36,120
on macs
6225
03:57:39,040 --> 03:57:40,040
thunderbolt card carries both the
6226
03:57:40,479 --> 03:57:41,479
display
6227
03:57:41,520 --> 03:57:42,520
video and pci express data
6228
03:57:44,080 --> 03:57:45,080
via the single serial interface
6229
03:57:47,199 --> 03:57:48,199
it allows this card um
6230
03:57:49,840 --> 03:57:50,840
allows you to daisy chain up to six
6231
03:57:52,640 --> 03:57:53,640
high-speed devices such as hard disks
6232
03:57:57,359 --> 03:57:58,359
audio devices high definition monitors
6233
03:58:00,319 --> 03:58:01,319
etc check the um documentation obviously
6234
03:58:04,080 --> 03:58:05,080
to see if it's going to do what you want
6235
03:58:06,000 --> 03:58:07,000
it to do
6236
03:58:08,239 --> 03:58:09,239
storage cards normally provide internal
6237
03:58:10,960 --> 03:58:11,960
storage expansion
6238
03:58:12,640 --> 03:58:13,640
provide multiple internal hard disk
6239
03:58:14,399 --> 03:58:15,399
drives useful for servers that have raid
6240
03:58:17,359 --> 03:58:18,359
and want to raid more hard disk drives
6241
03:58:21,279 --> 03:58:22,279
modems of
6242
03:58:23,439 --> 03:58:24,439
rarely going to be used nowadays
6243
03:58:26,319 --> 03:58:27,319
no i don't recall the last time
6244
03:58:28,880 --> 03:58:29,880
i used a modem but it's in the syllabus
6245
03:58:31,840 --> 03:58:32,840
it provides an expansion card that
6246
03:58:33,359 --> 03:58:34,359
provides modern capability
6247
03:58:36,399 --> 03:58:37,399
for
6248
03:58:37,520 --> 03:58:38,520
users that want to connect to the
6249
03:58:39,120 --> 03:58:40,120
internet using their phone line
6250
03:58:41,840 --> 03:58:42,840
and
6251
03:58:43,520 --> 03:58:44,520
not use much anymore because obviously
6252
03:58:45,359 --> 03:58:46,359
you're all using
6253
03:58:47,920 --> 03:58:48,920
a cable
6254
03:58:49,279 --> 03:58:50,279
or a broadband
6255
03:58:51,840 --> 03:58:52,840
a wireless or cellular card provides
6256
03:58:54,800 --> 03:58:55,800
modem capability to your computer using
6257
03:58:56,960 --> 03:58:57,960
the telephone system
6258
03:58:58,800 --> 03:58:59,800
ymax gprs
6259
03:59:03,439 --> 03:59:04,439
it's available in modern laptops useful
6260
03:59:05,199 --> 03:59:06,199
when you want to access the internet
6261
03:59:06,800 --> 03:59:07,800
from your wireless service provider
6262
03:59:09,920 --> 03:59:10,920
tv tuner cards lets you watch tv on your
6263
03:59:13,359 --> 03:59:14,359
monitor if you have a monitor that can
6264
03:59:15,279 --> 03:59:16,279
support it
6265
03:59:17,199 --> 03:59:18,199
most tuner cards also
6266
03:59:19,439 --> 03:59:20,439
function as video
6267
03:59:20,960 --> 03:59:21,960
capture cards let you record tv programs
6268
03:59:23,920 --> 03:59:24,920
to your hard disk
6269
03:59:26,880 --> 03:59:27,880
as one of the last ones i think is a
6270
03:59:28,800 --> 03:59:29,800
riser card
6271
03:59:31,680 --> 03:59:32,680
this provides an expansion slot within
6272
03:59:34,160 --> 03:59:35,160
the expansion slot
6273
03:59:36,399 --> 03:59:37,399
so what you would do
6274
03:59:37,840 --> 03:59:38,840
would be add this um generally speaking
6275
03:59:40,080 --> 03:59:41,080
to a server
6276
03:59:41,760 --> 03:59:42,760
and say you had one pci slot you would
6277
03:59:44,160 --> 03:59:45,160
add this to your pci and that gives you
6278
03:59:46,479 --> 03:59:47,479
three more
6279
03:59:47,840 --> 03:59:48,840
well it gives you three pci cards
6280
03:59:50,080 --> 03:59:51,080
obviously the one you plug it into is
6281
03:59:51,520 --> 03:59:52,520
then used
6282
03:59:53,439 --> 03:59:54,439
and placed parallel to the motherboard
6283
03:59:55,439 --> 03:59:56,439
so it saves space because of the height
6284
03:59:57,199 --> 03:59:58,199
limitations on rock mounted
6285
03:59:59,920 --> 04:00:00,920
servers
6286
04:00:01,439 --> 04:00:02,439
just a few tips before installation
6287
04:00:03,600 --> 04:00:04,600
check compound compatibility
6288
04:00:05,920 --> 04:00:06,920
so many people buy stuff that just
6289
04:00:07,840 --> 04:00:08,840
doesn't work on their
6290
04:00:09,760 --> 04:00:10,760
particular hardware or doesn't work with
6291
04:00:11,680 --> 04:00:12,680
their operating system because it's too
6292
04:00:14,000 --> 04:00:15,000
old or too new
6293
04:00:16,239 --> 04:00:17,239
check all the documentation
6294
04:00:18,399 --> 04:00:19,399
normally the
6295
04:00:20,479 --> 04:00:21,479
hardware provider has a website
6296
04:00:22,720 --> 04:00:23,720
and they'll have a a particular page per
6297
04:00:25,439 --> 04:00:26,439
device
6298
04:00:27,120 --> 04:00:28,120
and per model and it will have any
6299
04:00:29,600 --> 04:00:30,600
latest updates any issues or any advice
6300
04:00:33,840 --> 04:00:34,840
check for any bugs or known issues i
6301
04:00:36,000 --> 04:00:37,000
know um
6302
04:00:37,439 --> 04:00:38,439
when i bought my recent ssd drive
6303
04:00:40,560 --> 04:00:41,560
it comes with management software
6304
04:00:43,359 --> 04:00:44,359
but um a recent firmware update update
6305
04:00:47,359 --> 04:00:48,359
for the
6306
04:00:48,319 --> 04:00:49,319
hard drive actually wiped it
6307
04:00:50,399 --> 04:00:51,399
which would be a nightmare for any
6308
04:00:52,319 --> 04:00:53,319
person who who
6309
04:00:53,840 --> 04:00:54,840
experienced that issue
6310
04:00:56,160 --> 04:00:57,160
so that's been fixed now but it's
6311
04:00:58,800 --> 04:00:59,800
something if um people hadn't read it or
6312
04:01:01,040 --> 04:01:02,040
didn't know about it and hadn't checked
6313
04:01:02,479 --> 04:01:03,479
the website that they were going to be
6314
04:01:03,680 --> 04:01:04,680
hit by that issue
6315
04:01:06,080 --> 04:01:07,080
back up your files in case you fry
6316
04:01:08,000 --> 04:01:09,000
something and lose all of your data back
6317
04:01:10,399 --> 04:01:11,399
it up to an external usb drive or
6318
04:01:12,239 --> 04:01:13,239
whatever
6319
04:01:13,520 --> 04:01:14,520
the
6320
04:01:14,319 --> 04:01:15,319
manufacturer will provide a
6321
04:01:16,960 --> 04:01:17,960
quick start guide usually
6322
04:01:19,040 --> 04:01:20,040
and it will tell you whether or not you
6323
04:01:20,560 --> 04:01:21,560
need to install the hardware first and
6324
04:01:23,120 --> 04:01:24,120
then the cd
6325
04:01:24,720 --> 04:01:25,720
or you need to insert the cd first and
6326
04:01:26,880 --> 04:01:27,880
add any drivers and other support files
6327
04:01:31,040 --> 04:01:32,040
obviously don't uh insert a card onto
6328
04:01:34,000 --> 04:01:35,000
the motherboard without uh powering it
6329
04:01:36,319 --> 04:01:37,319
down first because you'll probably fry
6330
04:01:38,080 --> 04:01:39,080
it
6331
04:01:39,520 --> 04:01:40,520
and i mentioned earlier you might just
6332
04:01:41,359 --> 04:01:42,359
need to use a gen a gentle right hair
6333
04:01:43,359 --> 04:01:44,359
backwards or forwards rocking motion
6334
04:01:46,080 --> 04:01:47,080
boot the pc and follow installation pro
6335
04:01:48,880 --> 04:01:49,880
and procedures normally
6336
04:01:50,880 --> 04:01:51,880
it's pretty easy nowadays when i was
6337
04:01:53,040 --> 04:01:54,040
working on windows 95 and 98
6338
04:01:55,920 --> 04:01:56,920
it could be horrible horrible experience
6339
04:02:00,080 --> 04:02:01,080
the card in device manager and see if
6340
04:02:02,640 --> 04:02:03,640
it's working
6341
04:02:04,000 --> 04:02:05,000
test it with whatever if you've put a
6342
04:02:06,399 --> 04:02:07,399
new sound card in make sure the sound's
6343
04:02:08,319 --> 04:02:09,319
all working
6344
04:02:09,840 --> 04:02:10,840
do any tweaks you need to do with the
6345
04:02:11,920 --> 04:02:12,920
manufacturers management software if it
6346
04:02:14,160 --> 04:02:15,160
comes with it especially with the video
6347
04:02:16,399 --> 04:02:17,399
cards
6348
04:02:17,760 --> 04:02:18,760
alright so we've covered a lot expansion
6349
04:02:20,000 --> 04:02:21,000
cards
6350
04:02:21,359 --> 04:02:22,359
sound video network
6351
04:02:23,760 --> 04:02:24,760
usb firewire thunderbolt
6352
04:02:26,880 --> 04:02:27,880
modem cellulose
6353
04:02:28,560 --> 04:02:29,560
tv and riser cards and i've also given
6354
04:02:31,279 --> 04:02:32,279
you a few tips on installing these cards
6355
04:02:33,680 --> 04:02:34,680
and getting it all set up
6356
04:02:35,359 --> 04:02:36,359
that's all for now thanks for watching
6357
04:02:41,220 --> 04:02:42,220
[Music]
6358
04:03:01,680 --> 04:03:02,680
storage devices storage overview
6359
04:03:05,279 --> 04:03:06,279
we've talked a lot about all the
6360
04:03:06,640 --> 04:03:07,640
computer components that make the
6361
04:03:08,479 --> 04:03:09,479
computer run and that allow it to
6362
04:03:10,720 --> 04:03:11,720
process data but where does it get that
6363
04:03:12,880 --> 04:03:13,880
data from
6364
04:03:14,319 --> 04:03:15,319
well this is where storage devices come
6365
04:03:16,880 --> 04:03:17,880
in
6366
04:03:17,680 --> 04:03:18,680
so in this section we're going to talk
6367
04:03:19,520 --> 04:03:20,520
about all the different storage devices
6368
04:03:21,120 --> 04:03:22,120
that are covered on the exam and in this
6369
04:03:23,199 --> 04:03:24,199
particular video i want to give a brief
6370
04:03:25,359 --> 04:03:26,359
overview of these storage devices before
6371
04:03:27,680 --> 04:03:28,680
we talk about them in more depth
6372
04:03:30,239 --> 04:03:31,239
so we're going to start this discussion
6373
04:03:32,000 --> 04:03:33,000
uh with a brief
6374
04:03:34,000 --> 04:03:35,000
introduction to what is storage and then
6375
04:03:36,239 --> 04:03:37,239
we're going to talk about the three main
6376
04:03:37,760 --> 04:03:38,760
types of storage magnetic storage
6377
04:03:41,439 --> 04:03:42,439
optical storage
6378
04:03:43,600 --> 04:03:44,600
and solid state storage now it's very
6379
04:03:46,080 --> 04:03:47,080
possible that there will be more storage
6380
04:03:48,479 --> 04:03:49,479
options in the future and you might even
6381
04:03:50,560 --> 04:03:51,560
encounter some that don't quite fit into
6382
04:03:52,399 --> 04:03:53,399
these but this is going to cover about
6383
04:03:54,080 --> 04:03:55,080
95 percent of the storage out there and
6384
04:03:57,279 --> 04:03:58,279
is going to cover everything that's
6385
04:03:58,720 --> 04:03:59,720
necessary for the a plus exam
6386
04:04:01,040 --> 04:04:02,040
all right so first let's talk about what
6387
04:04:03,040 --> 04:04:04,040
is storage
6388
04:04:04,560 --> 04:04:05,560
storage which is sometimes referred to
6389
04:04:06,560 --> 04:04:07,560
as secondary storage as opposed to
6390
04:04:09,120 --> 04:04:10,120
primary storage which is where our dram
6391
04:04:12,399 --> 04:04:13,399
would fall under is a place to frankly
6392
04:04:15,439 --> 04:04:16,439
store data this is where all the data
6393
04:04:18,239 --> 04:04:19,239
all the stuff you're working on gets
6394
04:04:19,600 --> 04:04:20,600
stored
6395
04:04:20,560 --> 04:04:21,560
for later use
6396
04:04:22,239 --> 04:04:23,239
so if ram is your desk then this device
6397
04:04:26,080 --> 04:04:27,080
this storage device is your filing
6398
04:04:28,080 --> 04:04:29,080
cabinet your desk allows you to work on
6399
04:04:30,160 --> 04:04:31,160
stuff in the moment but the filing
6400
04:04:31,920 --> 04:04:32,920
cabinet is where it goes so that you can
6401
04:04:34,080 --> 04:04:35,080
pull it out and work on it later
6402
04:04:36,319 --> 04:04:37,319
in our analogy from the very beginning
6403
04:04:39,040 --> 04:04:40,040
the short-term memory of your brain
6404
04:04:41,120 --> 04:04:42,120
would be your ram whereas the long-term
6405
04:04:43,760 --> 04:04:44,760
memory would be your storage
6406
04:04:47,760 --> 04:04:48,760
so just to give you an idea of speed
6407
04:04:49,680 --> 04:04:50,680
wise the reason that we have two
6408
04:04:51,520 --> 04:04:52,520
distinct different devices is because
6409
04:04:53,520 --> 04:04:54,520
this type of storage is at least about 1
6410
04:04:56,960 --> 04:04:57,960
million times slower than ram now that
6411
04:04:59,600 --> 04:05:00,600
number could change depending on the
6412
04:05:01,120 --> 04:05:02,120
type of storage we're using
6413
04:05:02,800 --> 04:05:03,800
but
6414
04:05:03,840 --> 04:05:04,840
this tells you how quickly we can access
6415
04:05:06,160 --> 04:05:07,160
stuff now of course we're talking
6416
04:05:07,920 --> 04:05:08,920
nanoseconds here in milliseconds so this
6417
04:05:10,160 --> 04:05:11,160
is not time that you can actually notice
6418
04:05:12,319 --> 04:05:13,319
however it is much slower than ram and
6419
04:05:14,399 --> 04:05:15,399
so the cpu can't access it directly
6420
04:05:16,800 --> 04:05:17,800
that's why we have ram as sort of that
6421
04:05:18,239 --> 04:05:19,239
interim buffer all right but uh the ram
6422
04:05:21,199 --> 04:05:22,199
of course is expensive and is volatile
6423
04:05:24,000 --> 04:05:25,000
and so one of the main things about this
6424
04:05:26,399 --> 04:05:27,399
storage is that it's non-volatile
6425
04:05:28,399 --> 04:05:29,399
meaning when the power goes out
6426
04:05:30,960 --> 04:05:31,960
the data remains on these devices but as
6427
04:05:33,760 --> 04:05:34,760
a result they're a bit slower and so
6428
04:05:36,319 --> 04:05:37,319
that's why we have this storage device
6429
04:05:39,680 --> 04:05:40,680
so as i just said and this is a concept
6430
04:05:41,920 --> 04:05:42,920
we need to discuss over and over again
6431
04:05:44,399 --> 04:05:45,399
non-volatile means when powered off it
6432
04:05:47,040 --> 04:05:48,040
retains data and again ram which is
6433
04:05:49,520 --> 04:05:50,520
volatile means that when
6434
04:05:52,160 --> 04:05:53,160
sorry volatile which ram is means that
6435
04:05:54,880 --> 04:05:55,880
when the power goes off the what's on
6436
04:05:57,920 --> 04:05:58,920
that is removed
6437
04:06:01,680 --> 04:06:02,680
and there are mainly three types of
6438
04:06:03,439 --> 04:06:04,439
media we're going to be discussing as
6439
04:06:05,120 --> 04:06:06,120
i've already mentioned
6440
04:06:06,479 --> 04:06:07,479
those are magnetic
6441
04:06:07,920 --> 04:06:08,920
optical and solid state
6442
04:06:10,160 --> 04:06:11,160
and we're just going to give an overview
6443
04:06:11,600 --> 04:06:12,600
of those in this presentation
6444
04:06:13,760 --> 04:06:14,760
so first let's talk about magnetic
6445
04:06:15,439 --> 04:06:16,439
storage as the name implies data is
6446
04:06:18,399 --> 04:06:19,399
stored on a magnetized medium generally
6447
04:06:21,840 --> 04:06:22,840
on some sort of platter which actually
6448
04:06:24,160 --> 04:06:25,160
looks like a cd and it's magnetic and
6449
04:06:27,040 --> 04:06:28,040
the data is stored on that using
6450
04:06:28,800 --> 04:06:29,800
different types of magnets and there's a
6451
04:06:30,479 --> 04:06:31,479
head
6452
04:06:31,359 --> 04:06:32,359
or an arm with sort of heads that go up
6453
04:06:33,520 --> 04:06:34,520
and read all this stuff
6454
04:06:35,600 --> 04:06:36,600
so
6455
04:06:36,479 --> 04:06:37,479
what happens is there are different ones
6456
04:06:38,319 --> 04:06:39,319
and zeros and don't forget computers
6457
04:06:40,080 --> 04:06:41,080
read everything in ones and zeros it is
6458
04:06:41,920 --> 04:06:42,920
the most basic form of communication on
6459
04:06:44,479 --> 04:06:45,479
or off and so there are little bits of
6460
04:06:47,279 --> 04:06:48,279
ones and zeros on these platters that
6461
04:06:50,000 --> 04:06:51,000
allow it to store data
6462
04:06:52,399 --> 04:06:53,399
then there's a read write head which i
6463
04:06:54,080 --> 04:06:55,080
have drawn a line here to represent
6464
04:06:56,000 --> 04:06:57,000
which can go on and read those ones and
6465
04:06:58,080 --> 04:06:59,080
zeros
6466
04:06:59,040 --> 04:07:00,040
and that allows you to
6467
04:07:01,359 --> 04:07:02,359
not only write data but also read it
6468
04:07:03,040 --> 04:07:04,040
back from this magnetized medium the
6469
04:07:05,120 --> 04:07:06,120
best thing with the magnetized medium of
6470
04:07:06,720 --> 04:07:07,720
course is if you have a strong enough or
6471
04:07:09,120 --> 04:07:10,120
a weak enough magnet you can reset those
6472
04:07:10,720 --> 04:07:11,720
ones and zeros erase data and then put
6473
04:07:13,120 --> 04:07:14,120
more data on
6474
04:07:14,640 --> 04:07:15,640
so there are three types of magnetic
6475
04:07:17,359 --> 04:07:18,359
storage that we're going to be
6476
04:07:18,319 --> 04:07:19,319
discussing in the next uh couple videos
6477
04:07:21,920 --> 04:07:22,920
and they are hard drives which are
6478
04:07:23,359 --> 04:07:24,359
represented by this item right here
6479
04:07:27,199 --> 04:07:28,199
floppy disk drives which we saw on the
6480
04:07:29,760 --> 04:07:30,760
previous
6481
04:07:31,279 --> 04:07:32,279
slide a floppy disk and then tape drives
6482
04:07:34,399 --> 04:07:35,399
which like the name might remind you if
6483
04:07:36,560 --> 04:07:37,560
you remember of like cassette or vhs
6484
04:07:38,880 --> 04:07:39,880
tapes same thing magnetic medium now
6485
04:07:41,840 --> 04:07:42,840
also one thing i want to point out while
6486
04:07:43,120 --> 04:07:44,120
we're on this slide is this k and disk
6487
04:07:46,080 --> 04:07:47,080
so that's quite different from
6488
04:07:48,560 --> 04:07:49,560
this word which is spelled with a c
6489
04:07:51,920 --> 04:07:52,920
the difference is if you see a k
6490
04:07:55,359 --> 04:07:56,359
that means magnetic all right the c is
6491
04:07:58,479 --> 04:07:59,479
going to be
6492
04:07:59,920 --> 04:08:00,920
optical which is the next type of
6493
04:08:01,680 --> 04:08:02,680
storage optical storage doesn't work
6494
04:08:03,760 --> 04:08:04,760
with
6495
04:08:04,399 --> 04:08:05,399
magnets at all instead the data is
6496
04:08:06,960 --> 04:08:07,960
stored on optical medium
6497
04:08:09,359 --> 04:08:10,359
using
6498
04:08:10,399 --> 04:08:11,399
light
6499
04:08:11,520 --> 04:08:12,520
so that means
6500
04:08:13,279 --> 04:08:14,279
lasers alright so if you ever see when
6501
04:08:15,520 --> 04:08:16,520
you open up a cd drive it says don't
6502
04:08:16,960 --> 04:08:17,960
look directly at the laser that's what
6503
04:08:18,640 --> 04:08:19,640
it's talking about rather than having
6504
04:08:21,199 --> 04:08:22,199
some sort of mechanical device that's
6505
04:08:23,359 --> 04:08:24,359
going to read
6506
04:08:24,640 --> 04:08:25,640
this
6507
04:08:27,520 --> 04:08:28,520
magnetic medium we have optical
6508
04:08:31,120 --> 04:08:32,120
lasers that read the stuff that is
6509
04:08:32,880 --> 04:08:33,880
written on here much smaller than in the
6510
04:08:35,359 --> 04:08:36,359
magnetic medium and therefore it can be
6511
04:08:37,359 --> 04:08:38,359
finely read by lights which are more
6512
04:08:40,239 --> 04:08:41,239
precise and also faster
6513
04:08:42,640 --> 04:08:43,640
there are three common types of optical
6514
04:08:45,120 --> 04:08:46,120
storage that we're going to be
6515
04:08:46,159 --> 04:08:47,159
discussing
6516
04:08:47,359 --> 04:08:48,359
those are compact discs which you
6517
04:08:49,520 --> 04:08:50,520
probably remember cds which most of you
6518
04:08:51,920 --> 04:08:52,920
probably remember this from audio
6519
04:08:54,319 --> 04:08:55,319
digital versatile disks or dvds which
6520
04:08:57,279 --> 04:08:58,279
i'm sure some of you have lying around
6521
04:08:59,199 --> 04:09:00,199
and by the way if you ever see this word
6522
04:09:01,520 --> 04:09:02,520
differently it might be video disk
6523
04:09:03,520 --> 04:09:04,520
digital video disk that's to
6524
04:09:05,680 --> 04:09:06,680
differentiate whether or not this is
6525
04:09:08,000 --> 04:09:09,000
holding uh video or data
6526
04:09:11,680 --> 04:09:12,680
and finally blu-ray discs which are sort
6527
04:09:14,000 --> 04:09:15,000
of the newest high definition format for
6528
04:09:16,800 --> 04:09:17,800
video and of course because of that can
6529
04:09:19,120 --> 04:09:20,120
hold a lot more data
6530
04:09:21,040 --> 04:09:22,040
for computers
6531
04:09:23,600 --> 04:09:24,600
finally we're looking at something
6532
04:09:25,439 --> 04:09:26,439
called solid-state storage so we talked
6533
04:09:27,520 --> 04:09:28,520
about magnetic mediums
6534
04:09:29,840 --> 04:09:30,840
meaning that it uses magnets and arms
6535
04:09:32,239 --> 04:09:33,239
and read write platters to read and
6536
04:09:33,600 --> 04:09:34,600
we'll talk more about that a little bit
6537
04:09:35,279 --> 04:09:36,279
and then we talked about optical medium
6538
04:09:37,279 --> 04:09:38,279
which was lights used lasers to read and
6539
04:09:39,760 --> 04:09:40,760
write and now we're talking about solid
6540
04:09:41,760 --> 04:09:42,760
stage storage uh solid stage storage
6541
04:09:44,399 --> 04:09:45,399
which as the name implies is data stored
6542
04:09:46,880 --> 04:09:47,880
using integrated circuits so the
6543
04:09:49,040 --> 04:09:50,040
difference here is rather than using
6544
04:09:50,880 --> 04:09:51,880
light or magnets there are no moving
6545
04:09:54,080 --> 04:09:55,080
parts everything is using integrated
6546
04:09:56,720 --> 04:09:57,720
chips electronics so this is sort of
6547
04:09:59,199 --> 04:10:00,199
similar to ram or dram
6548
04:10:02,800 --> 04:10:03,800
in fact as a result just like dram it is
6549
04:10:06,000 --> 04:10:07,000
faster less uses less power and
6550
04:10:09,120 --> 04:10:10,120
therefore has fewer chances of failure
6551
04:10:11,439 --> 04:10:12,439
it makes sense if there are less moving
6552
04:10:13,279 --> 04:10:14,279
parts there's going to be less things
6553
04:10:14,640 --> 04:10:15,640
that can break
6554
04:10:15,920 --> 04:10:16,920
also if i take it to some place like the
6555
04:10:18,080 --> 04:10:19,080
beach and sand gets in it i'm not as
6556
04:10:20,720 --> 04:10:21,720
concerned because there's nothing moving
6557
04:10:22,880 --> 04:10:23,880
for that sand to disrupt
6558
04:10:25,040 --> 04:10:26,040
there are four types of solid-state
6559
04:10:27,120 --> 04:10:28,120
storage that we're going to cover in
6560
04:10:28,319 --> 04:10:29,319
these videos the first is what's called
6561
04:10:31,040 --> 04:10:32,040
solid-state drives ssd which might look
6562
04:10:34,800 --> 04:10:35,800
a little familiar to
6563
04:10:36,880 --> 04:10:37,880
what you just saw with hdd hard disk
6564
04:10:40,000 --> 04:10:41,000
drives right and we are going to see how
6565
04:10:43,279 --> 04:10:44,279
those are different and these are sort
6566
04:10:44,720 --> 04:10:45,720
of taking over for hard disk drives
6567
04:10:47,760 --> 04:10:48,760
we're also going to talk about usb flash
6568
04:10:49,359 --> 04:10:50,359
drives which i'm sure many of you are
6569
04:10:50,880 --> 04:10:51,880
aware of and which are pictured right
6570
04:10:52,479 --> 04:10:53,479
here
6571
04:10:53,920 --> 04:10:54,920
and then we're going to look at sd cards
6572
04:10:56,640 --> 04:10:57,640
and compact flash uh memory
6573
04:11:00,239 --> 04:11:01,239
both of these are smaller form formats
6574
04:11:03,199 --> 04:11:04,199
that work electronically pretty much the
6575
04:11:05,199 --> 04:11:06,199
same as these somewhat bigger
6576
04:11:08,080 --> 04:11:09,080
formats however
6577
04:11:09,760 --> 04:11:10,760
they're made mostly for palm pilots
6578
04:11:13,120 --> 04:11:14,120
for palm computers smartphones tablets
6579
04:11:16,960 --> 04:11:17,960
and of course cameras
6580
04:11:20,720 --> 04:11:21,720
all right
6581
04:11:21,680 --> 04:11:22,680
so now we've talked about what is
6582
04:11:23,439 --> 04:11:24,439
storage the magnetic storage media
6583
04:11:26,080 --> 04:11:27,080
optical storage media and solid state
6584
04:11:28,479 --> 04:11:29,479
storage media again storage
6585
04:11:31,520 --> 04:11:32,520
is your filing cabinet or your long-term
6586
04:11:34,399 --> 04:11:35,399
memory
6587
04:11:35,680 --> 04:11:36,680
so
6588
04:11:36,479 --> 04:11:37,479
even though ram is your short-term
6589
04:11:38,479 --> 04:11:39,479
memory and is much faster
6590
04:11:41,040 --> 04:11:42,040
we need this longer term storage in
6591
04:11:43,840 --> 04:11:44,840
order to hold the data
6592
04:11:45,600 --> 04:11:46,600
we also have three different types the
6593
04:11:48,000 --> 04:11:49,000
first is magnetic storage media which
6594
04:11:50,640 --> 04:11:51,640
uses magnets and magnetic read write
6595
04:11:53,760 --> 04:11:54,760
heads
6596
04:11:54,800 --> 04:11:55,800
to read everything
6597
04:11:57,279 --> 04:11:58,279
this is going to be
6598
04:11:59,439 --> 04:12:00,439
hard drives or hard disk drives
6599
04:12:04,080 --> 04:12:05,080
floppy disk drives
6600
04:12:07,760 --> 04:12:08,760
and tape
6601
04:12:10,720 --> 04:12:11,720
then we're going to talk about optical
6602
04:12:12,319 --> 04:12:13,319
storage media
6603
04:12:13,920 --> 04:12:14,920
which again or cds
6604
04:12:17,279 --> 04:12:18,279
dvds and blu-ray
6605
04:12:22,399 --> 04:12:23,399
and just to remember this is lasers
6606
04:12:25,439 --> 04:12:26,439
optics lights okay and when we get to uh
6607
04:12:28,479 --> 04:12:29,479
networking as well we're going to see
6608
04:12:29,680 --> 04:12:30,680
how light's playing a role in replacing
6609
04:12:31,520 --> 04:12:32,520
some of the antiquated technology there
6610
04:12:33,359 --> 04:12:34,359
and allowing for stuff to get a lot
6611
04:12:35,040 --> 04:12:36,040
faster
6612
04:12:36,239 --> 04:12:37,239
finally we're going to talk about
6613
04:12:37,439 --> 04:12:38,439
solid-state storage media which is sort
6614
04:12:39,279 --> 04:12:40,279
of taking over
6615
04:12:40,960 --> 04:12:41,960
and is really competing with magnetic
6616
04:12:42,560 --> 04:12:43,560
storage media the best thing with solid
6617
04:12:45,359 --> 04:12:46,359
state of course is there are
6618
04:12:47,120 --> 04:12:48,120
no moving parts
6619
04:12:49,840 --> 04:12:50,840
so that's the thing we want to remember
6620
04:12:51,600 --> 04:12:52,600
there
6621
04:12:52,640 --> 04:12:53,640
and as a result
6622
04:12:54,880 --> 04:12:55,880
things are a solid state is faster
6623
04:12:58,640 --> 04:12:59,640
more efficient and it's also a little
6624
04:13:00,479 --> 04:13:01,479
bit more expensive and the way it does
6625
04:13:02,080 --> 04:13:03,080
this is by using integrated electronics
6626
04:13:04,800 --> 04:13:05,800
not dissimilar to the ram chips we
6627
04:13:07,520 --> 04:13:08,520
talked about in the previous lesson
6628
04:13:09,680 --> 04:13:10,680
all right so now that we've discussed um
6629
04:13:13,040 --> 04:13:14,040
solid state media uh optical storage
6630
04:13:15,840 --> 04:13:16,840
media magnetic storage media in sort of
6631
04:13:18,319 --> 04:13:19,319
broad terms let's get into each one
6632
04:13:20,319 --> 04:13:21,319
individually how they connect and how
6633
04:13:22,640 --> 04:13:23,640
they're gonna work in your computer
6634
04:13:28,280 --> 04:13:29,280
[Music]
6635
04:13:48,960 --> 04:13:49,960
storage devices magnetic storage
6636
04:13:52,800 --> 04:13:53,800
so now let's take a look at one of the
6637
04:13:54,800 --> 04:13:55,800
oldest forms of storage that is still in
6638
04:13:56,800 --> 04:13:57,800
use today and it's represented on here
6639
04:13:59,520 --> 04:14:00,520
on this slide by actually two images
6640
04:14:02,319 --> 04:14:03,319
this one
6641
04:14:03,680 --> 04:14:04,680
and this one and that's magnetic storage
6642
04:14:09,520 --> 04:14:10,520
so the three types of magnetic storage
6643
04:14:11,600 --> 04:14:12,600
devices we're going to talk about are
6644
04:14:13,279 --> 04:14:14,279
floppy disk drives
6645
04:14:16,000 --> 04:14:17,000
hard disk drives
6646
04:14:18,080 --> 04:14:19,080
and then tape drives
6647
04:14:19,840 --> 04:14:20,840
and tape is slightly different from
6648
04:14:21,520 --> 04:14:22,520
floppy which is also slightly different
6649
04:14:23,040 --> 04:14:24,040
from hard disk and they were used in
6650
04:14:24,720 --> 04:14:25,720
conjunction for a long time until
6651
04:14:26,720 --> 04:14:27,720
recently
6652
04:14:27,920 --> 04:14:28,920
in the past 10 15 years when we've
6653
04:14:29,520 --> 04:14:30,520
started seeing some replacements in the
6654
04:14:30,880 --> 04:14:31,880
optical and solid-state drive fields and
6655
04:14:33,359 --> 04:14:34,359
one thing i want to point out once again
6656
04:14:35,359 --> 04:14:36,359
is here this k at the end of disk this
6657
04:14:38,000 --> 04:14:39,000
represents magnetic rather than optical
6658
04:14:40,800 --> 04:14:41,800
drive solutions all right so let's talk
6659
04:14:43,439 --> 04:14:44,439
about floppy disk drives or
6660
04:14:46,000 --> 04:14:47,000
fdd for short now you might not have
6661
04:14:48,560 --> 04:14:49,560
ever even seen a floppy disk drive but
6662
04:14:50,560 --> 04:14:51,560
it used to be one of the only forms of
6663
04:14:52,319 --> 04:14:53,319
removable media that we had available to
6664
04:14:54,479 --> 04:14:55,479
us
6665
04:14:55,760 --> 04:14:56,760
today as a result of usb drives solid
6666
04:14:58,399 --> 04:14:59,399
state media and the limiting size of
6667
04:15:01,359 --> 04:15:02,359
these floppy disks it's nearly extinct
6668
04:15:04,399 --> 04:15:05,399
now this may be the only reason you're
6669
04:15:06,159 --> 04:15:07,159
going to learn it for the a plus exam
6670
04:15:07,680 --> 04:15:08,680
and the reason it's still on there is
6671
04:15:08,880 --> 04:15:09,880
because you may need it in order to
6672
04:15:10,720 --> 04:15:11,720
access older data that one of your
6673
04:15:12,239 --> 04:15:13,239
clients still has on floppy disks
6674
04:15:14,399 --> 04:15:15,399
someplace and so you might need to
6675
04:15:15,920 --> 04:15:16,920
actually install a floppy disk drive or
6676
04:15:18,000 --> 04:15:19,000
know about
6677
04:15:19,760 --> 04:15:20,760
fixing one in case one goes bad on one
6678
04:15:21,920 --> 04:15:22,920
of your
6679
04:15:22,800 --> 04:15:23,800
you know customers
6680
04:15:24,239 --> 04:15:25,239
devices now it used to be and this is
6681
04:15:26,560 --> 04:15:27,560
just an interesting factoid that some
6682
04:15:28,640 --> 04:15:29,640
computers ran entirely off floppies in
6683
04:15:31,359 --> 04:15:32,359
other words there was no hard drive so
6684
04:15:33,920 --> 04:15:34,920
what you would do is you would have two
6685
04:15:35,680 --> 04:15:36,680
floppy disks uh you'd have or two floppy
6686
04:15:38,399 --> 04:15:39,399
drives rather you would put your
6687
04:15:40,399 --> 04:15:41,399
operating system in one of them that's
6688
04:15:42,880 --> 04:15:43,880
how you would boot and then you'd put
6689
04:15:44,840 --> 04:15:45,840
applications uh in another and then you
6690
04:15:47,600 --> 04:15:48,600
would sort of switch back and forth in
6691
04:15:49,199 --> 04:15:50,199
order to add data on and off and this
6692
04:15:51,840 --> 04:15:52,840
was fine back when hard drives and
6693
04:15:53,840 --> 04:15:54,840
computers were really uh
6694
04:15:55,680 --> 04:15:56,680
you know when data was really small of
6695
04:15:57,840 --> 04:15:58,840
course now it just doesn't really work
6696
04:15:59,439 --> 04:16:00,439
anymore
6697
04:16:01,359 --> 04:16:02,359
so as i just said
6698
04:16:03,120 --> 04:16:04,120
as a result of having the floppy drives
6699
04:16:05,359 --> 04:16:06,359
in there and because the computer
6700
04:16:06,720 --> 04:16:07,720
naturally is going to look for a floppy
6701
04:16:08,800 --> 04:16:09,800
drive before anything else if you have a
6702
04:16:11,439 --> 04:16:12,439
floppy drive in the system and this is a
6703
04:16:13,120 --> 04:16:14,120
question that i've seen on the test
6704
04:16:14,319 --> 04:16:15,319
quite often uh you will get a boot error
6705
04:16:17,279 --> 04:16:18,279
when you start the computer so you might
6706
04:16:19,520 --> 04:16:20,520
see a question on the exam that says
6707
04:16:21,120 --> 04:16:22,120
something to the effect of you a client
6708
04:16:24,239 --> 04:16:25,239
goes away for lunch uh shuts down their
6709
04:16:26,319 --> 04:16:27,319
computer comes back boots up the
6710
04:16:28,560 --> 04:16:29,560
computer and they get a no operating
6711
04:16:30,479 --> 04:16:31,479
system found on the boot disk error
6712
04:16:31,920 --> 04:16:32,920
what's the problem well the problem
6713
04:16:33,600 --> 04:16:34,600
probably is that they left a floppy disk
6714
04:16:36,239 --> 04:16:37,239
in their system that they were working
6715
04:16:38,000 --> 04:16:39,000
off of and never took it out before
6716
04:16:40,080 --> 04:16:41,080
starting the computer back up and so
6717
04:16:41,760 --> 04:16:42,760
when the computer looks on this floppy
6718
04:16:43,439 --> 04:16:44,439
disk it's not going to find an operating
6719
04:16:45,120 --> 04:16:46,120
system and it's going to give you an
6720
04:16:46,720 --> 04:16:47,720
error so that's just a one of the main
6721
04:16:49,439 --> 04:16:50,439
issues i see on the test regarding to
6722
04:16:51,120 --> 04:16:52,120
floppy drives and why i'm why i'm just
6723
04:16:52,960 --> 04:16:53,960
bringing it up so here's a standard
6724
04:16:54,880 --> 04:16:55,880
floppy disk uh and it
6725
04:16:57,680 --> 04:16:58,680
one thing you'll probably notice right
6726
04:16:59,040 --> 04:17:00,040
away as you recall from floppy disks if
6727
04:17:01,439 --> 04:17:02,439
you ever saw one is that they are not
6728
04:17:03,199 --> 04:17:04,199
actually floppy uh they're actually
6729
04:17:05,439 --> 04:17:06,439
solid they're hard there used to be a
6730
04:17:07,920 --> 04:17:08,920
larger floppy disk with a big old hole
6731
04:17:10,479 --> 04:17:11,479
in the center some of you might remember
6732
04:17:12,000 --> 04:17:13,000
that
6733
04:17:13,199 --> 04:17:14,199
but those sort of went extinct because
6734
04:17:15,040 --> 04:17:16,040
again they didn't hold as much as this
6735
04:17:16,399 --> 04:17:17,399
one and because they were floppy it
6736
04:17:18,080 --> 04:17:19,080
allowed
6737
04:17:19,600 --> 04:17:20,600
issues to occur to the
6738
04:17:21,920 --> 04:17:22,920
platter inside so actually inside this
6739
04:17:24,000 --> 04:17:25,000
thing there's actually like a um
6740
04:17:27,920 --> 04:17:28,920
a little platter and it's magnetic and
6741
04:17:29,840 --> 04:17:30,840
very thin and this piece of metal right
6742
04:17:32,479 --> 04:17:33,479
here
6743
04:17:35,199 --> 04:17:36,199
is protecting
6744
04:17:36,800 --> 04:17:37,800
the the amount that is right over here
6745
04:17:38,800 --> 04:17:39,800
right so what happens actually is this
6746
04:17:40,560 --> 04:17:41,560
thing moves over to the side and then it
6747
04:17:43,600 --> 04:17:44,600
exposes uh the magnet you see it moves
6748
04:17:46,560 --> 04:17:47,560
over like this and it exposes the
6749
04:17:49,199 --> 04:17:50,199
platter which is there
6750
04:17:50,960 --> 04:17:51,960
and allows the computer to read it
6751
04:17:54,640 --> 04:17:55,640
so this is a three and a half inch
6752
04:17:57,359 --> 04:17:58,359
floppy disk
6753
04:17:59,120 --> 04:18:00,120
and it's about 1.44 megabytes so you can
6754
04:18:03,120 --> 04:18:04,120
understand that nowadays with usb flash
6755
04:18:06,000 --> 04:18:07,000
drives that can be up to say 16 32 or
6756
04:18:08,479 --> 04:18:09,479
even 64 gigabytes uh one megabyte really
6757
04:18:12,159 --> 04:18:13,159
doesn't do anything and so the only time
6758
04:18:14,880 --> 04:18:15,880
we're really going to see these is again
6759
04:18:16,319 --> 04:18:17,319
when we're dealing with old in
6760
04:18:18,159 --> 04:18:19,159
old data
6761
04:18:19,359 --> 04:18:20,359
on a you know a user still has it for
6762
04:18:21,439 --> 04:18:22,439
some reason
6763
04:18:22,880 --> 04:18:23,880
now uh it can be right protected i don't
6764
04:18:25,120 --> 04:18:26,120
know if you ever had a vhs player and
6765
04:18:27,600 --> 04:18:28,600
you used to record to your vhs's but uh
6766
04:18:30,479 --> 04:18:31,479
there's actually a little hole
6767
04:18:32,720 --> 04:18:33,720
right here and on the other side there's
6768
04:18:34,399 --> 04:18:35,399
a switch
6769
04:18:35,760 --> 04:18:36,760
and that switch can be you know thrown
6770
04:18:38,000 --> 04:18:39,000
that way or the other way and if there
6771
04:18:40,000 --> 04:18:41,000
is a hole right here
6772
04:18:41,920 --> 04:18:42,920
then it means that the computer will not
6773
04:18:44,560 --> 04:18:45,560
be able to write to this disk so an easy
6774
04:18:47,279 --> 04:18:48,279
way to fix this obviously is you just
6775
04:18:49,040 --> 04:18:50,040
move the um you just switch the switch
6776
04:18:51,760 --> 04:18:52,760
over so that it can be re written to
6777
04:18:54,960 --> 04:18:55,960
sometimes those get broken off and you
6778
04:18:56,479 --> 04:18:57,479
can use the old vh8 vhs trick which you
6779
04:18:59,359 --> 04:19:00,359
take a little scotch tape and you throw
6780
04:19:00,720 --> 04:19:01,720
it over there and the computer doesn't
6781
04:19:02,159 --> 04:19:03,159
know the difference
6782
04:19:05,279 --> 04:19:06,279
so on the back of the floppy drive
6783
04:19:07,199 --> 04:19:08,199
there's two connections you want to be
6784
04:19:08,960 --> 04:19:09,960
aware of the first is this
6785
04:19:11,680 --> 04:19:12,680
it's the 34 pin data cable
6786
04:19:14,560 --> 04:19:15,560
all right and it looks very similar to
6787
04:19:16,800 --> 04:19:17,800
an ide or paid a data cable that we
6788
04:19:18,880 --> 04:19:19,880
looked at before and we will look at
6789
04:19:20,399 --> 04:19:21,399
again
6790
04:19:21,760 --> 04:19:22,760
uh but the difference is not only is it
6791
04:19:23,920 --> 04:19:24,920
34 pins as opposed to 40 but it has a
6792
04:19:26,399 --> 04:19:27,399
twist in it right here and that's so you
6793
04:19:28,640 --> 04:19:29,640
know that it is a floppy floppy disk
6794
04:19:30,960 --> 04:19:31,960
drive and that's also because of how old
6795
04:19:32,720 --> 04:19:33,720
this is uh the electronics had to work
6796
04:19:35,040 --> 04:19:36,040
in a certain way in which they switch
6797
04:19:37,279 --> 04:19:38,279
some of the data
6798
04:19:38,960 --> 04:19:39,960
the power connector over here is what's
6799
04:19:41,279 --> 04:19:42,279
referred to as a berg power connector or
6800
04:19:43,439 --> 04:19:44,439
a mini power connector so if you see
6801
04:19:45,920 --> 04:19:46,920
this and you will be asked on the test
6802
04:19:47,920 --> 04:19:48,920
what kind of power adapter goes with a
6803
04:19:50,239 --> 04:19:51,239
floppy drive the answer is this one it's
6804
04:19:52,399 --> 04:19:53,399
a berg okay they're probably not going
6805
04:19:53,920 --> 04:19:54,920
to ask you to recognize it by looking at
6806
04:19:55,520 --> 04:19:56,520
it however it is much smaller than the
6807
04:19:57,439 --> 04:19:58,439
others
6808
04:19:58,399 --> 04:19:59,399
and as you can see one of the main
6809
04:19:59,760 --> 04:20:00,760
problems we used to have
6810
04:20:01,760 --> 04:20:02,760
is that it wasn't really keyed very well
6811
04:20:04,000 --> 04:20:05,000
so you could put it in sort of either
6812
04:20:05,600 --> 04:20:06,600
way they've they fixed that for the most
6813
04:20:08,159 --> 04:20:09,159
part on later models but now you really
6814
04:20:10,319 --> 04:20:11,319
don't see them so it's not even an issue
6815
04:20:13,279 --> 04:20:14,279
all right so that takes care of floppy
6816
04:20:14,960 --> 04:20:15,960
disk drives again one of the oldest and
6817
04:20:17,120 --> 04:20:18,120
our first forms of storage and also uh
6818
04:20:19,600 --> 04:20:20,600
the form of storage which we continue to
6819
04:20:21,279 --> 04:20:22,279
use as removable media
6820
04:20:23,120 --> 04:20:24,120
so now let's talk about hard disk drives
6821
04:20:26,479 --> 04:20:27,479
hard disk drives are today's most common
6822
04:20:29,439 --> 04:20:30,439
form of magnetic media
6823
04:20:31,600 --> 04:20:32,600
they're very similar to floppy drives
6824
04:20:33,920 --> 04:20:34,920
because they contain platters with
6825
04:20:36,080 --> 04:20:37,080
magnetic surfaces so if you recall i was
6826
04:20:37,920 --> 04:20:38,920
talking about the floppy drive i said
6827
04:20:39,600 --> 04:20:40,600
there were these like platters inside
6828
04:20:42,399 --> 04:20:43,399
right and they would rotate and the
6829
04:20:44,080 --> 04:20:45,080
computer could read just a little
6830
04:20:45,359 --> 04:20:46,359
portion of that depending on what was uh
6831
04:20:47,920 --> 04:20:48,920
sort of on the outside
6832
04:20:49,760 --> 04:20:50,760
of that piece of metal
6833
04:20:51,279 --> 04:20:52,279
now in this case however there are many
6834
04:20:53,920 --> 04:20:54,920
different platters kind of stacked on
6835
04:20:55,680 --> 04:20:56,680
top of each other which i'm not i can't
6836
04:20:57,520 --> 04:20:58,520
draw but i'll sort of represent like
6837
04:21:00,720 --> 04:21:01,720
this alright so you can imagine like
6838
04:21:02,479 --> 04:21:03,479
pancakes stacked on top of one another
6839
04:21:04,960 --> 04:21:05,960
and these platters rotate in very high
6840
04:21:07,359 --> 04:21:08,359
speeds and this speed is going to be
6841
04:21:09,040 --> 04:21:10,040
important
6842
04:21:10,239 --> 04:21:11,239
it's measured in rpms or rotations
6843
04:21:20,840 --> 04:21:21,840
per minute
6844
04:21:24,080 --> 04:21:25,080
so um
6845
04:21:25,680 --> 04:21:26,680
uh that's gonna be important we'll come
6846
04:21:27,199 --> 04:21:28,199
back to that in just a minute but there
6847
04:21:29,120 --> 04:21:30,120
are also read and write heads which are
6848
04:21:31,279 --> 04:21:32,279
like little sticks with little heads on
6849
04:21:33,120 --> 04:21:34,120
them and those reach across the disk and
6850
04:21:36,080 --> 04:21:37,080
sort of you know can
6851
04:21:38,000 --> 04:21:39,000
move
6852
04:21:40,080 --> 04:21:41,080
and can read the specific sectors uh
6853
04:21:43,120 --> 04:21:44,120
which when we talk about partitioning a
6854
04:21:45,199 --> 04:21:46,199
drive and how it's used by the operating
6855
04:21:46,720 --> 04:21:47,720
system we'll talk about but it can read
6856
04:21:48,479 --> 04:21:49,479
little bits on these magnetic on this
6857
04:21:50,640 --> 04:21:51,640
magnetic medium and it can also write to
6858
04:21:52,319 --> 04:21:53,319
it so it erases it reads and it writes
6859
04:21:56,000 --> 04:21:57,000
these were commonly uh 3.5 inches in a
6860
04:21:59,920 --> 04:22:00,920
desktop computer and you see that right
6861
04:22:01,760 --> 04:22:02,760
here which means that this is about the
6862
04:22:03,279 --> 04:22:04,279
width of a floppy disk
6863
04:22:05,920 --> 04:22:06,920
uh on smaller computers
6864
04:22:08,239 --> 04:22:09,239
say on laptops they're made much smaller
6865
04:22:10,960 --> 04:22:11,960
probably about two and a half inches
6866
04:22:12,560 --> 04:22:13,560
we'll talk about that when we get to
6867
04:22:14,399 --> 04:22:15,399
laptop computers
6868
04:22:17,359 --> 04:22:18,359
so some hard drive specifications that
6869
04:22:19,760 --> 04:22:20,760
you want to be aware of um
6870
04:22:21,920 --> 04:22:22,920
that you're going to buy a hard drive
6871
04:22:23,359 --> 04:22:24,359
based on the first is capacity now
6872
04:22:25,439 --> 04:22:26,439
nowadays this is usually measured in
6873
04:22:27,120 --> 04:22:28,120
gigabytes or terabytes if you recall
6874
04:22:29,359 --> 04:22:30,359
with that floppy disk we were dealing
6875
04:22:31,120 --> 04:22:32,120
with megabytes okay so just as a
6876
04:22:34,880 --> 04:22:35,880
just so we can go over this a thousand
6877
04:22:37,439 --> 04:22:38,439
megabytes
6878
04:22:41,279 --> 04:22:42,279
equal one
6879
04:22:43,279 --> 04:22:44,279
gigabyte
6880
04:22:44,560 --> 04:22:45,560
and a thousand gigabytes
6881
04:22:49,520 --> 04:22:50,520
equal one
6882
04:22:52,399 --> 04:22:53,399
terabyte
6883
04:22:53,680 --> 04:22:54,680
now uh
6884
04:22:54,960 --> 04:22:55,960
even smaller than megabytes actually
6885
04:22:56,880 --> 04:22:57,880
just to go over them is kilobytes so a
6886
04:23:00,080 --> 04:23:01,080
thousand kilobytes
6887
04:23:02,479 --> 04:23:03,479
equals one
6888
04:23:05,040 --> 04:23:06,040
megabyte okay so these are just these
6889
04:23:07,680 --> 04:23:08,680
are important to know it might come up
6890
04:23:09,199 --> 04:23:10,199
on the test
6891
04:23:10,239 --> 04:23:11,239
no matter where it comes up you
6892
04:23:11,520 --> 04:23:12,520
definitely want to know that information
6893
04:23:13,279 --> 04:23:14,279
another thing you want to be aware of is
6894
04:23:14,800 --> 04:23:15,800
the transfer rate that's measured in a
6895
04:23:17,040 --> 04:23:18,040
certain amount of megabytes per second
6896
04:23:18,960 --> 04:23:19,960
so i've thrown 300 megabytes per second
6897
04:23:21,040 --> 04:23:22,040
on here which is quite large for a uh
6898
04:23:24,399 --> 04:23:25,399
solid state beta
6899
04:23:26,319 --> 04:23:27,319
hard drive but we'll talk about that in
6900
04:23:27,760 --> 04:23:28,760
just a minute uh also rotational speed
6901
04:23:30,239 --> 04:23:31,239
which i just mentioned generally you're
6902
04:23:32,399 --> 04:23:33,399
going to see these in either 7200 rpms
6903
04:23:34,880 --> 04:23:35,880
or 5400 rpms if we're dealing with a
6904
04:23:37,680 --> 04:23:38,680
laptop you might see 4 200 rpms although
6905
04:23:40,880 --> 04:23:41,880
nowadays it's kind of more common to
6906
04:23:43,199 --> 04:23:44,199
replace a laptop hard drive with a solid
6907
04:23:45,199 --> 04:23:46,199
state we'll talk about that a little
6908
04:23:46,720 --> 04:23:47,720
later
6909
04:23:47,520 --> 04:23:48,520
obviously the faster the rpm the bigger
6910
04:23:50,080 --> 04:23:51,080
this number the better all right
6911
04:23:52,560 --> 04:23:53,560
so uh if i have more rpms that means
6912
04:23:54,880 --> 04:23:55,880
it's rotating more if i have less that
6913
04:23:56,800 --> 04:23:57,800
means it's rotating less and that's
6914
04:23:58,000 --> 04:23:59,000
going to
6915
04:24:00,159 --> 04:24:01,159
affect how fast i can access data
6916
04:24:02,880 --> 04:24:03,880
there's also cache a buffer now remember
6917
04:24:05,199 --> 04:24:06,199
when we talked about the cpu we talked
6918
04:24:06,800 --> 04:24:07,800
about different cache speeds the l1 l2
6919
04:24:09,040 --> 04:24:10,040
l3 cache so in this there is actually a
6920
04:24:12,720 --> 04:24:13,720
somewhat of you know like on-board dram
6921
04:24:15,520 --> 04:24:16,520
uh which can take some of that mem take
6922
04:24:17,840 --> 04:24:18,840
some of the data and throw it out to the
6923
04:24:19,760 --> 04:24:20,760
bus so that way it can be accessing
6924
04:24:22,000 --> 04:24:23,000
stuff it has a place to throw it and it
6925
04:24:23,600 --> 04:24:24,600
doesn't have to sort of directly deal
6926
04:24:26,319 --> 04:24:27,319
and therefore slow things down
6927
04:24:29,279 --> 04:24:30,279
finally we're going to deal with
6928
04:24:30,239 --> 04:24:31,239
something called latency and latency is
6929
04:24:32,960 --> 04:24:33,960
directly related to the rotations per
6930
04:24:35,040 --> 04:24:36,040
minute that has to do with how slow it
6931
04:24:37,920 --> 04:24:38,920
takes to access uh
6932
04:24:40,479 --> 04:24:41,479
data on a certain sector on one of those
6933
04:24:42,640 --> 04:24:43,640
platters so again remember we have a lot
6934
04:24:45,120 --> 04:24:46,120
of
6935
04:24:46,159 --> 04:24:47,159
sort of
6936
04:24:48,000 --> 04:24:49,000
magnetic
6937
04:24:49,199 --> 04:24:50,199
uh platters on here they're all the same
6938
04:24:50,960 --> 04:24:51,960
safe i'm just drawing these so you can
6939
04:24:52,560 --> 04:24:53,560
see them and we have a head that sort of
6940
04:24:54,720 --> 04:24:55,720
goes off and reads these things all
6941
04:24:56,800 --> 04:24:57,800
right and what it does is it literally
6942
04:24:58,159 --> 04:24:59,159
makes little um sort of dents
6943
04:25:00,560 --> 04:25:01,560
in the
6944
04:25:01,680 --> 04:25:02,680
in the magnetic medium and just like a
6945
04:25:04,399 --> 04:25:05,399
record if you will and it reads that
6946
04:25:09,199 --> 04:25:10,199
now to connect
6947
04:25:10,960 --> 04:25:11,960
a hard drive we're going to talk about
6948
04:25:12,560 --> 04:25:13,560
connections in a little more depth later
6949
04:25:14,560 --> 04:25:15,560
on as well but i just want to go over
6950
04:25:16,239 --> 04:25:17,239
the connections just like i did with
6951
04:25:17,520 --> 04:25:18,520
floppy drives you'll notice that there
6952
04:25:19,520 --> 04:25:20,520
are two different types we've talked
6953
04:25:21,040 --> 04:25:22,040
about when we talked about motherboards
6954
04:25:22,319 --> 04:25:23,319
there are two different types of main
6955
04:25:24,239 --> 04:25:25,239
connections the first is peda or
6956
04:25:26,319 --> 04:25:27,319
parallel ata now parallel ata is
6957
04:25:29,520 --> 04:25:30,520
distinguished by this 40 pin data cable
6958
04:25:32,560 --> 04:25:33,560
it's also called by the way ide you
6959
04:25:34,640 --> 04:25:35,640
might see it referenced as ide
6960
04:25:37,520 --> 04:25:38,520
okay so if you do see ide or peda they
6961
04:25:40,239 --> 04:25:41,239
are basically synonymous uh it actually
6962
04:25:42,800 --> 04:25:43,800
has to do a little bit with the
6963
04:25:43,920 --> 04:25:44,920
electronics but
6964
04:25:45,199 --> 04:25:46,199
you don't need to worry about that
6965
04:25:47,199 --> 04:25:48,199
um this allows for up to 133 megabytes
6966
04:25:51,920 --> 04:25:52,920
per second transfer rate we're going to
6967
04:25:53,680 --> 04:25:54,680
get much faster transfer rates when we
6968
04:25:55,439 --> 04:25:56,439
start dealing with
6969
04:25:58,080 --> 04:25:59,080
sata and even with usb
6970
04:26:01,600 --> 04:26:02,600
it uses as i just mentioned this 40 pin
6971
04:26:03,840 --> 04:26:04,840
data cable
6972
04:26:05,359 --> 04:26:06,359
and that's what transfers the data
6973
04:26:07,120 --> 04:26:08,120
however i still need something to power
6974
04:26:09,040 --> 04:26:10,040
it because as you recall there's moving
6975
04:26:11,120 --> 04:26:12,120
parts in here right and so um
6976
04:26:14,640 --> 04:26:15,640
that's what i have this for which is
6977
04:26:16,239 --> 04:26:17,239
called a molex power connector and we'll
6978
04:26:17,920 --> 04:26:18,920
see that in just a second one thing i'm
6979
04:26:19,600 --> 04:26:20,600
pointing out here is that each one of
6980
04:26:21,840 --> 04:26:22,840
these cables
6981
04:26:24,800 --> 04:26:25,800
can actually hold two hard drives on it
6982
04:26:28,080 --> 04:26:29,080
all right so there's gonna be three
6983
04:26:29,199 --> 04:26:30,199
plugs we'll see that later when we get
6984
04:26:30,399 --> 04:26:31,399
to connections but each one of these
6985
04:26:32,720 --> 04:26:33,720
holds two hard drives so the same data
6986
04:26:35,120 --> 04:26:36,120
cable is sharing two hard drives and you
6987
04:26:36,880 --> 04:26:37,880
can imagine why that's gonna slow things
6988
04:26:39,120 --> 04:26:40,120
down just a bit now as i mentioned it
6989
04:26:41,760 --> 04:26:42,760
uses molex power which we will talk
6990
04:26:44,159 --> 04:26:45,159
about again and again and this is a
6991
04:26:46,239 --> 04:26:47,239
molex power connector it's only really
6992
04:26:48,399 --> 04:26:49,399
used uh with paid out we might see it
6993
04:26:50,560 --> 04:26:51,560
with some other devices a little bit
6994
04:26:52,479 --> 04:26:53,479
later on but mainly when you see a molex
6995
04:26:54,720 --> 04:26:55,720
power connector or you see pata or ide
6996
04:26:57,040 --> 04:26:58,040
it's talking about this power connector
6997
04:27:01,040 --> 04:27:02,040
all right the other main type of http
6998
04:27:03,520 --> 04:27:04,520
connection you're going to see is the
6999
04:27:05,520 --> 04:27:06,520
sata or serial ata connection
7000
04:27:09,199 --> 04:27:10,199
so this allows for up to 300 megabytes
7001
04:27:12,479 --> 04:27:13,479
per second so it's
7002
04:27:15,279 --> 04:27:16,279
over
7003
04:27:17,040 --> 04:27:18,040
double
7004
04:27:17,840 --> 04:27:18,840
what pata was able to do
7005
04:27:20,319 --> 04:27:21,319
you'll notice that the data cable is a
7006
04:27:22,000 --> 04:27:23,000
lot smaller it's seven pins rather than
7007
04:27:24,840 --> 04:27:25,840
40. and what's interesting about this is
7008
04:27:27,439 --> 04:27:28,439
rather than having
7009
04:27:29,439 --> 04:27:30,439
two devices on each cable and each cable
7010
04:27:32,000 --> 04:27:33,000
represents a channel we have one so each
7011
04:27:34,960 --> 04:27:35,960
device gets its own direct line to the
7012
04:27:37,040 --> 04:27:38,040
motherboard or to the controller
7013
04:27:39,760 --> 04:27:40,760
this is going to speed things up and it
7014
04:27:42,319 --> 04:27:43,319
also allows for faster access by the
7015
04:27:45,120 --> 04:27:46,120
computer
7016
04:27:46,560 --> 04:27:47,560
the sata has its own power connector
7017
04:27:48,880 --> 04:27:49,880
we'll talk about that again and again
7018
04:27:50,880 --> 04:27:51,880
but
7019
04:27:51,680 --> 04:27:52,680
just recall that the sata does not have
7020
04:27:53,520 --> 04:27:54,520
a different name okay so a sata
7021
04:27:56,159 --> 04:27:57,159
power connector goes with sata data and
7022
04:27:59,040 --> 04:28:00,040
that's with the sata hard drive
7023
04:28:02,239 --> 04:28:03,239
finally we have this sort of weird
7024
04:28:03,760 --> 04:28:04,760
connector that you probably won't see
7025
04:28:05,600 --> 04:28:06,600
much in the field but you might
7026
04:28:07,439 --> 04:28:08,439
encounter it especially on some older
7027
04:28:08,960 --> 04:28:09,960
systems or really uh high
7028
04:28:12,159 --> 04:28:13,159
need systems and this is called scuzzy
7029
04:28:14,560 --> 04:28:15,560
scuzzy stands for small computer system
7030
04:28:16,960 --> 04:28:17,960
interface and uh if you ever hear
7031
04:28:19,439 --> 04:28:20,439
someone say scuzzy that is how you
7032
04:28:21,040 --> 04:28:22,040
pronounce that
7033
04:28:22,960 --> 04:28:23,960
term
7034
04:28:25,439 --> 04:28:26,439
so there are several different types of
7035
04:28:27,359 --> 04:28:28,359
cable types there's not one 40 pan or
7036
04:28:29,279 --> 04:28:30,279
one seven pin data cable type there are
7037
04:28:32,000 --> 04:28:33,000
several different types so that's one
7038
04:28:33,680 --> 04:28:34,680
thing that distinguishes scuzzy the
7039
04:28:35,680 --> 04:28:36,680
other thing that distinguishes scuzzy is
7040
04:28:37,439 --> 04:28:38,439
you can have up to 16 devices per
7041
04:28:40,080 --> 04:28:41,080
channel now when i say it's per cable
7042
04:28:42,319 --> 04:28:43,319
that's not exactly true because the way
7043
04:28:43,920 --> 04:28:44,920
this actually works is by piggybacking
7044
04:28:46,159 --> 04:28:47,159
we'll see an image of this later but
7045
04:28:47,520 --> 04:28:48,520
basically i would have a hard drive i'm
7046
04:28:50,080 --> 04:28:51,080
just going to draw one right here and
7047
04:28:52,239 --> 04:28:53,239
you have sort of two connectors one for
7048
04:28:54,560 --> 04:28:55,560
in
7049
04:28:55,359 --> 04:28:56,359
and one for out and what will happen is
7050
04:28:57,199 --> 04:28:58,199
you have a cable go in and then you have
7051
04:28:59,199 --> 04:29:00,199
another cable go out that can connect
7052
04:29:03,680 --> 04:29:04,680
to the next scuzzy device and so they
7053
04:29:05,840 --> 04:29:06,840
piggyback like so
7054
04:29:08,640 --> 04:29:09,640
and that's how you can have up to 16
7055
04:29:10,159 --> 04:29:11,159
devices now there are some special
7056
04:29:11,600 --> 04:29:12,600
considerations to deal with with scuzzy
7057
04:29:13,439 --> 04:29:14,439
and in our connections video i will talk
7058
04:29:15,920 --> 04:29:16,920
specifically about what those are now
7059
04:29:18,560 --> 04:29:19,560
another interesting thing with scuzzy is
7060
04:29:20,640 --> 04:29:21,640
generally speaking nowadays it uses the
7061
04:29:23,120 --> 04:29:24,120
same cord to provide power used to be
7062
04:29:25,600 --> 04:29:26,600
used molex
7063
04:29:27,359 --> 04:29:28,359
and other stuff nowadays it doesn't
7064
04:29:29,040 --> 04:29:30,040
nowadays usually the same cord that
7065
04:29:31,120 --> 04:29:32,120
you're going to plug in for scuzzy data
7066
04:29:32,800 --> 04:29:33,800
is also going to provide power so that's
7067
04:29:34,720 --> 04:29:35,720
really going to streamline things and
7068
04:29:36,880 --> 04:29:37,880
it's something that later on usb is sort
7069
04:29:38,880 --> 04:29:39,880
of going to steal
7070
04:29:43,040 --> 04:29:44,040
all right so now we've talked about
7071
04:29:44,479 --> 04:29:45,479
floppy disk drives the removable disk
7072
04:29:46,319 --> 04:29:47,319
drives we've also talked about hard disk
7073
04:29:48,239 --> 04:29:49,239
drives and that hard meaning that
7074
04:29:50,080 --> 04:29:51,080
they're there they stay in our system
7075
04:29:52,000 --> 04:29:53,000
they don't move we're not removing them
7076
04:29:53,920 --> 04:29:54,920
so finally let's talk about tape drives
7077
04:29:55,520 --> 04:29:56,520
which is our final type of magnetic
7078
04:29:57,199 --> 04:29:58,199
medium we need to discuss
7079
04:29:59,600 --> 04:30:00,600
now just like your vhs or cassette tapes
7080
04:30:02,560 --> 04:30:03,560
that used to listen to movie uh listen
7081
04:30:04,159 --> 04:30:05,159
to music or watch movies on it is tape
7082
04:30:06,560 --> 04:30:07,560
and if you look
7083
04:30:08,080 --> 04:30:09,080
at these tapes it looks like an old
7084
04:30:09,760 --> 04:30:10,760
cassette tape right you even have uh the
7085
04:30:12,319 --> 04:30:13,319
little thing you put the pencil in and
7086
04:30:14,239 --> 04:30:15,239
sort of rewind the tape this by the way
7087
04:30:16,319 --> 04:30:17,319
this is not
7088
04:30:18,720 --> 04:30:19,720
tape this is magnetic floppy drive okay
7089
04:30:22,399 --> 04:30:23,399
now the great thing about this is
7090
04:30:24,159 --> 04:30:25,159
magnetic tape is cheap and it's
7091
04:30:26,080 --> 04:30:27,080
removable you can see it comes in
7092
04:30:27,760 --> 04:30:28,760
several different sizes
7093
04:30:30,080 --> 04:30:31,080
however because of the way it's made
7094
04:30:32,239 --> 04:30:33,239
unlike having a platter which is in that
7095
04:30:34,319 --> 04:30:35,319
floppy right which you have an arm that
7096
04:30:36,479 --> 04:30:37,479
can sort of read any of this data at any
7097
04:30:38,720 --> 04:30:39,720
point
7098
04:30:40,080 --> 04:30:41,080
it has to rewind or fast forward to get
7099
04:30:42,239 --> 04:30:43,239
to certain data points and therefore
7100
04:30:43,680 --> 04:30:44,680
it's not really useful for sort of
7101
04:30:46,000 --> 04:30:47,000
instant access because if you can
7102
04:30:47,600 --> 04:30:48,600
imagine if i have to get a file that's
7103
04:30:49,199 --> 04:30:50,199
all the way at the end of the tape it's
7104
04:30:50,560 --> 04:30:51,560
going to take a while to you know fast
7105
04:30:52,960 --> 04:30:53,960
forward all the way to that just like if
7106
04:30:54,479 --> 04:30:55,479
you used to watch a vhs if you wanted to
7107
04:30:56,399 --> 04:30:57,399
go to the end of the movie you had to
7108
04:30:57,439 --> 04:30:58,439
fast forward to the end of the movie and
7109
04:30:59,359 --> 04:31:00,359
so we're primarily going to use this for
7110
04:31:01,439 --> 04:31:02,439
archival data meaning that when i'm
7111
04:31:03,680 --> 04:31:04,680
backing up my system that's when we're
7112
04:31:05,520 --> 04:31:06,520
mostly going to see tape drives and
7113
04:31:07,359 --> 04:31:08,359
tape's been used for archiving for years
7114
04:31:09,439 --> 04:31:10,439
and years and years and years which is
7115
04:31:10,880 --> 04:31:11,880
the main reason why you might you might
7116
04:31:12,319 --> 04:31:13,319
see it in the field it's um somewhat
7117
04:31:14,319 --> 04:31:15,319
getting replaced by cloud computing
7118
04:31:16,560 --> 04:31:17,560
which allows you to back up by the
7119
04:31:18,080 --> 04:31:19,080
internet and by removable solid-state
7120
04:31:20,239 --> 04:31:21,239
drives or removable hard drives
7121
04:31:21,760 --> 04:31:22,760
connected through usb but for the most
7122
04:31:23,840 --> 04:31:24,840
part if you have a big company that has
7123
04:31:25,359 --> 04:31:26,359
to save a lot of data
7124
04:31:26,960 --> 04:31:27,960
it's a lot cheaper to buy 50 tapes than
7125
04:31:29,120 --> 04:31:30,120
50 removable hard drives
7126
04:31:31,199 --> 04:31:32,199
the data is normally compressed and
7127
04:31:33,359 --> 04:31:34,359
actually the reason that's important is
7128
04:31:34,640 --> 04:31:35,640
because these tapes will come rated in
7129
04:31:36,800 --> 04:31:37,800
two different versions so you might for
7130
04:31:38,319 --> 04:31:39,319
instance see uh you know a 100 megabyte
7131
04:31:41,600 --> 04:31:42,600
tape and
7132
04:31:43,040 --> 04:31:44,040
then you'll see 200 megabytes compressed
7133
04:31:46,800 --> 04:31:47,800
and generally you're going to compress
7134
04:31:47,920 --> 04:31:48,920
the data because you're not accessing it
7135
04:31:49,680 --> 04:31:50,680
every day you're only accessing it when
7136
04:31:51,439 --> 04:31:52,439
you need to restore data or back it up
7137
04:31:53,680 --> 04:31:54,680
all right now nowadays these come much
7138
04:31:55,600 --> 04:31:56,600
much larger and you can buy them in any
7139
04:31:57,279 --> 04:31:58,279
sort of form you need and when we talk
7140
04:31:59,199 --> 04:32:00,199
about backups we'll talk about how
7141
04:32:00,800 --> 04:32:01,800
they're sort of used
7142
04:32:03,439 --> 04:32:04,439
so as i just mentioned there's the
7143
04:32:04,960 --> 04:32:05,960
native and the compressed capacity which
7144
04:32:07,199 --> 04:32:08,199
is what this represents and that's how
7145
04:32:08,880 --> 04:32:09,880
these are
7146
04:32:10,399 --> 04:32:11,399
marketed
7147
04:32:16,239 --> 04:32:17,239
finally they come in both internal or
7148
04:32:18,080 --> 04:32:19,080
external models
7149
04:32:20,560 --> 04:32:21,560
you'll see here this is definitely an
7150
04:32:22,319 --> 04:32:23,319
external model on the back here there'd
7151
04:32:24,080 --> 04:32:25,080
probably be some sort of scuzzy
7152
04:32:25,600 --> 04:32:26,600
connection or even a newer model's usb
7153
04:32:28,560 --> 04:32:29,560
connection and they're also internally
7154
04:32:30,560 --> 04:32:31,560
could be plugged up just like
7155
04:32:33,600 --> 04:32:34,600
your hard drives could so they come in
7156
04:32:35,439 --> 04:32:36,439
scuzzy peda sata
7157
04:32:37,279 --> 04:32:38,279
internal connections and then external
7158
04:32:39,359 --> 04:32:40,359
you might see usb or ieee 1394 which
7159
04:32:42,640 --> 04:32:43,640
again is firewire so that's just to sort
7160
04:32:45,120 --> 04:32:46,120
of tell you that
7161
04:32:46,239 --> 04:32:47,239
just like with removable hard drives um
7162
04:32:49,359 --> 04:32:50,359
they come in external and internal forms
7163
04:32:51,760 --> 04:32:52,760
the only benefit to having an external
7164
04:32:53,760 --> 04:32:54,760
one is it's easier to upgrade however
7165
04:32:56,080 --> 04:32:57,080
your tape you know you have tapes for
7166
04:32:58,239 --> 04:32:59,239
years and years and years you still need
7167
04:33:00,000 --> 04:33:01,000
that older version
7168
04:33:03,359 --> 04:33:04,359
finally uh these do require special
7169
04:33:05,840 --> 04:33:06,840
drivers specifically in older machines
7170
04:33:08,000 --> 04:33:09,000
newer machines might have them built in
7171
04:33:09,920 --> 04:33:10,920
but this is not something that the
7172
04:33:11,359 --> 04:33:12,359
operating system just naturally knows
7173
04:33:12,879 --> 04:33:13,879
what to do with uh and so sometimes you
7174
04:33:15,439 --> 04:33:16,439
are gonna have to go to the website and
7175
04:33:16,959 --> 04:33:17,959
get special drivers for these devices
7176
04:33:19,359 --> 04:33:20,359
and make sure those are installed before
7177
04:33:21,359 --> 04:33:22,359
you start accessing it again uh don't
7178
04:33:23,840 --> 04:33:24,840
make the mistake i made years and years
7179
04:33:25,359 --> 04:33:26,359
ago when i went to uh you know i saw a
7180
04:33:27,840 --> 04:33:28,840
sale for a hundred gigabyte you know
7181
04:33:30,320 --> 04:33:31,320
tape drive and this was 100 gigabytes
7182
04:33:32,160 --> 04:33:33,160
was crazy and it was so cheap and i said
7183
04:33:33,840 --> 04:33:34,840
man that's awesome i'm gonna go buy one
7184
04:33:35,359 --> 04:33:36,359
of these and i went home and i bought it
7185
04:33:36,959 --> 04:33:37,959
i plugged it in and i tried loading
7186
04:33:38,480 --> 04:33:39,480
stuff on it and i realized it really
7187
04:33:40,080 --> 04:33:41,080
wasn't useful at all for accessing data
7188
04:33:42,959 --> 04:33:43,959
it's only useful for backing up an
7189
04:33:44,799 --> 04:33:45,799
archive so again tape drives only used
7190
04:33:46,959 --> 04:33:47,959
for archival and backup purposes these
7191
04:33:48,959 --> 04:33:49,959
days
7192
04:33:50,879 --> 04:33:51,879
all right so now we've talked about tape
7193
04:33:52,719 --> 04:33:53,719
drives in addition to the others i just
7194
04:33:53,920 --> 04:33:54,920
want to go back over these all right
7195
04:33:55,439 --> 04:33:56,439
again floppy disk drives mostly uh the
7196
04:33:58,400 --> 04:33:59,400
ones you see are 1.44 megabytes uh it
7197
04:34:02,480 --> 04:34:03,480
uses a 34 pin
7198
04:34:05,039 --> 04:34:06,039
data connector
7199
04:34:06,879 --> 04:34:07,879
and a berg or berg
7200
04:34:11,359 --> 04:34:12,359
power connector
7201
04:34:13,199 --> 04:34:14,199
uh it is also removable
7202
04:34:16,320 --> 04:34:17,320
and most mostly you're not really even
7203
04:34:18,480 --> 04:34:19,480
going to see these in the field anymore
7204
04:34:20,561 --> 04:34:21,561
because they're so old the only reason
7205
04:34:22,240 --> 04:34:23,240
you'd see them is if you have someone
7206
04:34:24,240 --> 04:34:25,240
who needs to access old data hard disk
7207
04:34:26,719 --> 04:34:27,719
drives come in sort of three flavors of
7208
04:34:29,119 --> 04:34:30,119
connectors right there's uh peda
7209
04:34:33,840 --> 04:34:34,840
which is represented by that 40 pin
7210
04:34:37,840 --> 04:34:38,840
data and also
7211
04:34:41,520 --> 04:34:42,520
a molex power
7212
04:34:44,320 --> 04:34:45,320
we saw sata
7213
04:34:47,600 --> 04:34:48,600
which has both a sata power and data
7214
04:34:58,000 --> 04:34:59,000
and scuzzy
7215
04:35:00,639 --> 04:35:01,639
which we'll talk about in more depth
7216
04:35:02,320 --> 04:35:03,320
later and is uh used in a lot of what's
7217
04:35:04,240 --> 04:35:05,240
called raid arrays again we will talk
7218
04:35:06,160 --> 04:35:07,160
about uh scuzzy a little bit later later
7219
04:35:08,080 --> 04:35:09,080
in some of the special specifications
7220
04:35:10,400 --> 04:35:11,400
and some of the special configurations
7221
04:35:11,920 --> 04:35:12,920
you need to know about with that finally
7222
04:35:13,680 --> 04:35:14,680
we talked about tape drives and again
7223
04:35:15,359 --> 04:35:16,359
the most important thing to realize
7224
04:35:16,719 --> 04:35:17,719
about tape drives is magnetic medium is
7225
04:35:19,279 --> 04:35:20,279
they are for archival or
7226
04:35:22,799 --> 04:35:23,799
backup
7227
04:35:27,039 --> 04:35:28,039
purposes okay so if you see a tape drive
7228
04:35:29,039 --> 04:35:30,039
it's going to be used for backing up all
7229
04:35:30,959 --> 04:35:31,959
right and again all of this
7230
04:35:34,959 --> 04:35:35,959
this is covering our magnetic medium all
7231
04:35:38,160 --> 04:35:39,160
right so these all have to do with
7232
04:35:39,439 --> 04:35:40,439
magnets again if you take a huge magnet
7233
04:35:41,039 --> 04:35:42,039
you throw it over one of these it's
7234
04:35:42,000 --> 04:35:43,000
probably going to erase all the data for
7235
04:35:43,760 --> 04:35:44,760
the most part it uses platters and the
7236
04:35:45,920 --> 04:35:46,920
flappy and the floppy disk drives and
7237
04:35:47,680 --> 04:35:48,680
the hard disk drives and it has sort of
7238
04:35:49,520 --> 04:35:50,520
a read write head that's going and
7239
04:35:51,039 --> 04:35:52,039
reading the data on this um so these are
7240
04:35:53,680 --> 04:35:54,680
you know rotate into
7241
04:35:56,160 --> 04:35:57,160
the place that the head can read it this
7242
04:35:58,160 --> 04:35:59,160
is different from tape drives which just
7243
04:36:00,480 --> 04:36:01,480
like your old cassette tapes right has
7244
04:36:03,039 --> 04:36:04,039
like tape
7245
04:36:04,400 --> 04:36:05,400
that's running across the bottom and can
7246
04:36:06,320 --> 04:36:07,320
be read
7247
04:36:07,600 --> 04:36:08,600
of course the problem is if i need to
7248
04:36:09,119 --> 04:36:10,119
get to some data right in here i need to
7249
04:36:11,840 --> 04:36:12,840
rewind the entire uh you know tape to
7250
04:36:14,480 --> 04:36:15,480
get there so it's not really good for
7251
04:36:16,639 --> 04:36:17,639
instant access all right so now that
7252
04:36:18,561 --> 04:36:19,561
we've talked about all the magnetic
7253
04:36:20,000 --> 04:36:21,000
forms of media i want to talk about
7254
04:36:22,080 --> 04:36:23,080
optical media
7255
04:36:27,820 --> 04:36:28,820
[Music]
7256
04:36:48,240 --> 04:36:49,240
storage devices
7257
04:36:49,920 --> 04:36:50,920
optical storage
7258
04:36:51,600 --> 04:36:52,600
now that we've discussed magnetic
7259
04:36:53,199 --> 04:36:54,199
storage such as hard drives
7260
04:36:55,600 --> 04:36:56,600
tape drives and floppy drives i want to
7261
04:36:58,080 --> 04:36:59,080
talk about these sorts of storage
7262
04:37:00,400 --> 04:37:01,400
optical storage optical having to do
7263
04:37:02,639 --> 04:37:03,639
with like your eyes lights
7264
04:37:06,000 --> 04:37:07,000
so the three types of optical storage
7265
04:37:07,600 --> 04:37:08,600
we're going to discuss all look similar
7266
04:37:09,199 --> 04:37:10,199
on the outside but on the inside they're
7267
04:37:10,719 --> 04:37:11,719
all quite different these are compact
7268
04:37:12,799 --> 04:37:13,799
discs or cds
7269
04:37:15,359 --> 04:37:16,359
digital versatile disks or dvds
7270
04:37:18,719 --> 04:37:19,719
and blu-ray discs
7271
04:37:20,400 --> 04:37:21,400
now you might recognize these as
7272
04:37:22,639 --> 04:37:23,639
multimedia formats as well because there
7273
04:37:24,639 --> 04:37:25,639
are audio cd players
7274
04:37:26,639 --> 04:37:27,639
dvds which are digital
7275
04:37:28,400 --> 04:37:29,400
video discs and blu-ray discs obviously
7276
04:37:31,039 --> 04:37:32,039
also hold those high-definition movies
7277
04:37:33,920 --> 04:37:34,920
that you can now purchase and uh the
7278
04:37:36,799 --> 04:37:37,799
internals of them are exactly the same
7279
04:37:38,719 --> 04:37:39,719
the only difference is the external the
7280
04:37:40,959 --> 04:37:41,959
sort of how the data is being read but
7281
04:37:43,359 --> 04:37:44,359
in this case we're talking mostly about
7282
04:37:44,959 --> 04:37:45,959
data although i'll talk briefly about
7283
04:37:46,719 --> 04:37:47,719
some of the multimedia purposes as well
7284
04:37:51,279 --> 04:37:52,279
so first let's talk about compact disks
7285
04:37:53,199 --> 04:37:54,199
or cds
7286
04:37:54,639 --> 04:37:55,639
so these are those flat round optical
7287
04:37:56,799 --> 04:37:57,799
disks which are used to store music or
7288
04:37:58,959 --> 04:37:59,959
in our case data and one thing i want to
7289
04:38:01,199 --> 04:38:02,199
point out about all of the formats we're
7290
04:38:02,959 --> 04:38:03,959
going to talk about is this disk size
7291
04:38:05,840 --> 04:38:06,840
right here is going to stay exactly the
7292
04:38:07,520 --> 04:38:08,520
same so the physical form factor on the
7293
04:38:09,359 --> 04:38:10,359
outside is the same what's different is
7294
04:38:11,520 --> 04:38:12,520
what's going on in the inside now
7295
04:38:14,480 --> 04:38:15,480
with cds as with all optical
7296
04:38:16,799 --> 04:38:17,799
media
7297
04:38:17,920 --> 04:38:18,920
everything is stored in microscopic
7298
04:38:19,840 --> 04:38:20,840
indentations created by lasers light and
7299
04:38:23,279 --> 04:38:24,279
that's represented right here by this
7300
04:38:25,520 --> 04:38:26,520
okay and these indentations are called
7301
04:38:27,840 --> 04:38:28,840
lands and pits so the difference between
7302
04:38:30,320 --> 04:38:31,320
a cd to a dvd to a blu-ray is the size
7303
04:38:32,879 --> 04:38:33,879
of those lands and pits basically as
7304
04:38:34,959 --> 04:38:35,959
technology has progressed the media and
7305
04:38:37,760 --> 04:38:38,760
the
7306
04:38:38,799 --> 04:38:39,799
drives themselves have become better at
7307
04:38:40,639 --> 04:38:41,639
making those lands in pits smaller so
7308
04:38:42,240 --> 04:38:43,240
they can hold more data
7309
04:38:44,879 --> 04:38:45,879
so as i mentioned this stuff is read and
7310
04:38:46,879 --> 04:38:47,879
written to by lasers
7311
04:38:51,439 --> 04:38:52,439
now these
7312
04:38:52,879 --> 04:38:53,879
drives are measured in read speeds and
7313
04:38:55,520 --> 04:38:56,520
that read speed you've probably seen it
7314
04:38:57,680 --> 04:38:58,680
looks like something like an x a 48 x
7315
04:39:00,400 --> 04:39:01,400
for example now that x doesn't just mean
7316
04:39:02,719 --> 04:39:03,719
times as you might think in math
7317
04:39:04,799 --> 04:39:05,799
actually that ask x has a numerical
7318
04:39:07,279 --> 04:39:08,279
equivalent and that numerical equivalent
7319
04:39:09,199 --> 04:39:10,199
when it comes to cds is 150 kilobytes
7320
04:39:12,639 --> 04:39:13,639
per second therefore in the case of 48x
7321
04:39:15,600 --> 04:39:16,600
which is a pretty common
7322
04:39:17,279 --> 04:39:18,279
uh
7323
04:39:19,119 --> 04:39:20,119
read and write speed at least uh if the
7324
04:39:21,439 --> 04:39:22,439
cd drive for instance reads at 48 x that
7325
04:39:23,840 --> 04:39:24,840
means it's reading at about 7.2
7326
04:39:27,279 --> 04:39:28,279
megabytes
7327
04:39:28,719 --> 04:39:29,719
per second and if you were to do the
7328
04:39:30,799 --> 04:39:31,799
math and multiply 48 times 150 that's
7329
04:39:33,520 --> 04:39:34,520
what you'd get now this x does vary when
7330
04:39:36,400 --> 04:39:37,400
we go to the different forms so it's
7331
04:39:38,160 --> 04:39:39,160
just something to be aware of
7332
04:39:41,280 --> 04:39:42,280
now the other thing with these compact
7333
04:39:42,878 --> 04:39:43,878
discs on these is they hold up to about
7334
04:39:46,400 --> 04:39:47,400
700 megabytes of data
7335
04:39:48,480 --> 04:39:49,480
or 80 minutes of audio you're going to
7336
04:39:50,718 --> 04:39:51,718
want to remember these numbers they're
7337
04:39:52,240 --> 04:39:53,240
important and especially in relation to
7338
04:39:54,240 --> 04:39:55,240
dvds in blu-ray so again 700 megabytes
7339
04:39:57,520 --> 04:39:58,520
of data is the most that is hold
7340
04:40:00,080 --> 04:40:01,080
or rather held on these cds
7341
04:40:03,920 --> 04:40:04,920
audio cds versus data cds they're not
7342
04:40:06,638 --> 04:40:07,638
much different okay the difference
7343
04:40:08,798 --> 04:40:09,798
really uh comes when you dealing with
7344
04:40:11,120 --> 04:40:12,120
the software and we'll talk about a
7345
04:40:13,040 --> 04:40:14,040
little bit later uh specifically a
7346
04:40:15,600 --> 04:40:16,600
cord that needs to be plugged in when
7347
04:40:17,520 --> 04:40:18,520
you have a cd player on your computer
7348
04:40:20,400 --> 04:40:21,400
but really uh
7349
04:40:21,840 --> 04:40:22,840
the difference with these rs is there's
7350
04:40:24,160 --> 04:40:25,160
a audio decoder that can decode the
7351
04:40:27,200 --> 04:40:28,200
audio built onto a cd within the drive
7352
04:40:30,080 --> 04:40:31,080
and then send that over
7353
04:40:31,920 --> 04:40:32,920
to a sound card so actually i can listen
7354
04:40:34,480 --> 04:40:35,480
to cds without any special software on
7355
04:40:37,600 --> 04:40:38,600
my computer this is different from dvds
7356
04:40:39,600 --> 04:40:40,600
and blu-ray because video codecs uh the
7357
04:40:42,000 --> 04:40:43,000
decoder is a lot is a lot more in depth
7358
04:40:44,798 --> 04:40:45,798
um the cd-rom as rom now remember we
7359
04:40:47,280 --> 04:40:48,280
talked about rom right read only memory
7360
04:40:50,160 --> 04:40:51,160
cd-rom is read only there are
7361
04:40:52,958 --> 04:40:53,958
cds you can write to those are called
7362
04:40:55,040 --> 04:40:56,040
cd-r's so if you see cdr that means you
7363
04:40:58,480 --> 04:40:59,480
can read and write to it so the
7364
04:41:01,200 --> 04:41:02,200
important thing there is the addition of
7365
04:41:03,520 --> 04:41:04,520
writing
7366
04:41:04,798 --> 04:41:05,798
cd-rw is one that you can write and
7367
04:41:07,760 --> 04:41:08,760
rewrite to and the way it does that is
7368
04:41:10,000 --> 04:41:11,000
in the back um the
7369
04:41:12,480 --> 04:41:13,480
the lands and pits are sort of created
7370
04:41:14,080 --> 04:41:15,080
using slightly different technology it
7371
04:41:16,240 --> 04:41:17,240
can be reset uh re-magnetized so to
7372
04:41:18,878 --> 04:41:19,878
speak and so that's how it does that and
7373
04:41:20,798 --> 04:41:21,798
that's why on the back of a cdrw it
7374
04:41:22,638 --> 04:41:23,638
looks more metallic sort of like
7375
04:41:25,280 --> 04:41:26,280
the other thing with that is they cannot
7376
04:41:27,120 --> 04:41:28,120
be read in every player a lot of cdrs
7377
04:41:29,600 --> 04:41:30,600
you can read in most audio players not
7378
04:41:31,680 --> 04:41:32,680
all cdrws could now that's
7379
04:41:34,160 --> 04:41:35,160
mostly a moot point because no one uses
7380
04:41:35,920 --> 04:41:36,920
them as much anymore
7381
04:41:38,000 --> 04:41:39,000
so again cdr you can read and write a
7382
04:41:40,240 --> 04:41:41,240
cdrw can rewrite to now of course these
7383
04:41:42,798 --> 04:41:43,798
are so cheap that in some cases it's
7384
04:41:45,040 --> 04:41:46,040
easier to throw away 10 cdrs rather than
7385
04:41:47,280 --> 04:41:48,280
purchase a cdrw
7386
04:41:50,798 --> 04:41:51,798
so i just wanted to throw this table up
7387
04:41:52,240 --> 04:41:53,240
i have a few tables on here that you're
7388
04:41:53,600 --> 04:41:54,600
going to want to remember the thing with
7389
04:41:55,520 --> 04:41:56,520
the cdr these speeds aren't
7390
04:41:58,000 --> 04:41:59,000
terribly important but this points out
7391
04:41:59,760 --> 04:42:00,760
that for the most part nowadays you have
7392
04:42:01,920 --> 04:42:02,920
maximum recording speeds on cdrs of
7393
04:42:04,560 --> 04:42:05,560
either a 48x or 52x when it comes to the
7394
04:42:07,680 --> 04:42:08,680
cd-rw's the ones that are rewritable
7395
04:42:10,240 --> 04:42:11,240
it's either 24 or 32. so although most
7396
04:42:13,360 --> 04:42:14,360
drives nowadays can handle rewritables
7397
04:42:15,920 --> 04:42:16,920
you're not really going to use
7398
04:42:16,798 --> 04:42:17,798
rewritables much they're not they don't
7399
04:42:19,280 --> 04:42:20,280
as far as using them in the real world
7400
04:42:21,280 --> 04:42:22,280
they're not as useful as say a cdr you
7401
04:42:23,680 --> 04:42:24,680
can throw out really cheap or even a
7402
04:42:25,760 --> 04:42:26,760
dvdr which we'll get to the other thing
7403
04:42:27,680 --> 04:42:28,680
you really want to remember about cds
7404
04:42:29,600 --> 04:42:30,600
again is that they can hold up to 700
7405
04:42:32,560 --> 04:42:33,560
megabytes okay so that's the thing you
7406
04:42:35,040 --> 04:42:36,040
really want to remember about these and
7407
04:42:37,680 --> 04:42:38,680
that the x
7408
04:42:40,160 --> 04:42:41,160
equals 150
7409
04:42:42,878 --> 04:42:43,878
kilobytes
7410
04:42:45,200 --> 04:42:46,200
per second okay so these are the two
7411
04:42:47,200 --> 04:42:48,200
pieces of information that i think are
7412
04:42:49,200 --> 04:42:50,200
most important you might also want to
7413
04:42:51,200 --> 04:42:52,200
recall that this 48x and the 52x are
7414
04:42:54,798 --> 04:42:55,798
sort of our two standards
7415
04:42:58,560 --> 04:42:59,560
okay as far as cd connections we talked
7416
04:43:00,718 --> 04:43:01,718
about connecting hard drives well
7417
04:43:02,240 --> 04:43:03,240
connecting c cd drives are actually
7418
04:43:04,638 --> 04:43:05,638
basically the same they use the same
7419
04:43:06,878 --> 04:43:07,878
connections as internal hdds so uh
7420
04:43:09,680 --> 04:43:10,680
that's either peda or sata you can also
7421
04:43:11,440 --> 04:43:12,440
see them in scuzzy configurations as
7422
04:43:13,360 --> 04:43:14,360
well again with the pata we're gonna
7423
04:43:15,040 --> 04:43:16,040
deal with that 40 pin molex power
7424
04:43:17,440 --> 04:43:18,440
connector 40 pin data and with sata we
7425
04:43:19,840 --> 04:43:20,840
have a sata data cable which is seven
7426
04:43:21,760 --> 04:43:22,760
pins and that sata power connector
7427
04:43:24,480 --> 04:43:25,480
uh you can also have external by the way
7428
04:43:26,560 --> 04:43:27,560
cd connections that i'm not really
7429
04:43:28,480 --> 04:43:29,480
discussing here in depth but uh those
7430
04:43:30,638 --> 04:43:31,638
connect connect by a usb or firewire
7431
04:43:32,878 --> 04:43:33,878
generally nowadays you're going to see
7432
04:43:34,080 --> 04:43:35,080
them connecting by a usb
7433
04:43:36,160 --> 04:43:37,160
uh
7434
04:43:37,040 --> 04:43:38,040
when you're dealing with audio output
7435
04:43:38,560 --> 04:43:39,560
this is actually uh
7436
04:43:40,400 --> 04:43:41,400
somewhat
7437
04:43:41,440 --> 04:43:42,440
important because you might see this
7438
04:43:42,798 --> 04:43:43,798
question on the test when you're dealing
7439
04:43:44,480 --> 04:43:45,480
with pata drives there's actually a
7440
04:43:46,798 --> 04:43:47,798
special sound card uh a special sound
7441
04:43:49,840 --> 04:43:50,840
connection rather
7442
04:43:51,840 --> 04:43:52,840
that connects the cd drive directly to
7443
04:43:54,480 --> 04:43:55,480
the sound card or the integrated sound
7444
04:43:56,878 --> 04:43:57,878
card on the motherboard so that's a
7445
04:43:59,200 --> 04:44:00,200
question you pop in a cd it reads data
7446
04:44:01,280 --> 04:44:02,280
fine but when you play music it doesn't
7447
04:44:03,200 --> 04:44:04,200
play why that's because you have not
7448
04:44:05,680 --> 04:44:06,680
made this connection okay so this is an
7449
04:44:08,080 --> 04:44:09,080
important thing to remember especially
7450
04:44:09,280 --> 04:44:10,280
for the test and that's only with the
7451
04:44:11,520 --> 04:44:12,520
pata drives those ide drives when it
7452
04:44:13,840 --> 04:44:14,840
comes to sata drives all that
7453
04:44:15,920 --> 04:44:16,920
information is integrated through the
7454
04:44:17,680 --> 04:44:18,680
data cable so that's just uh something
7455
04:44:20,000 --> 04:44:21,000
that's really important to remember
7456
04:44:21,280 --> 04:44:22,280
again with peda is you have that extra
7457
04:44:23,920 --> 04:44:24,920
audio
7458
04:44:24,878 --> 04:44:25,878
cord that needs to go from the cd drive
7459
04:44:27,600 --> 04:44:28,600
to the
7460
04:44:29,280 --> 04:44:30,280
motherboard or to the sound card if it's
7461
04:44:31,600 --> 04:44:32,600
not integrated directly onto the
7462
04:44:32,958 --> 04:44:33,958
motherboard
7463
04:44:35,200 --> 04:44:36,200
finally uh one thing that's interesting
7464
04:44:36,798 --> 04:44:37,798
with cds is you you know looking at a cd
7465
04:44:38,958 --> 04:44:39,958
it's it's rather wide and unlike hard
7466
04:44:42,000 --> 04:44:43,000
drives and floppy drives which fit in a
7467
04:44:44,320 --> 04:44:45,320
three and a half inch bay
7468
04:44:46,400 --> 04:44:47,400
right if you remember so i'm just going
7469
04:44:47,840 --> 04:44:48,840
to write that up there
7470
04:44:50,160 --> 04:44:51,160
right and
7471
04:44:52,958 --> 04:44:53,958
okay for the most part that's what this
7472
04:44:54,718 --> 04:44:55,718
is fitting into especially on desktop
7473
04:44:56,638 --> 04:44:57,638
computers um with
7474
04:45:00,000 --> 04:45:01,000
cds we're dealing with a five and a
7475
04:45:01,680 --> 04:45:02,680
quarter inch bay so it's slightly larger
7476
04:45:04,480 --> 04:45:05,480
and you'll see those represented on a
7477
04:45:06,000 --> 04:45:07,000
chassis if you go to install
7478
04:45:08,840 --> 04:45:09,840
one right so now we've talked about
7479
04:45:11,280 --> 04:45:12,280
compact disks uh the sort of most basic
7480
04:45:13,440 --> 04:45:14,440
form of optical media that we had out
7481
04:45:15,200 --> 04:45:16,200
there so let's move on to the next
7482
04:45:16,798 --> 04:45:17,798
version which came out you know if you
7483
04:45:18,718 --> 04:45:19,718
guys remember dvds were sort of huge for
7484
04:45:21,120 --> 04:45:22,120
a while after vhs's and then they became
7485
04:45:23,040 --> 04:45:24,040
co-opted by computers as well because of
7486
04:45:24,878 --> 04:45:25,878
all the data they can hold so a digital
7487
04:45:26,878 --> 04:45:27,878
versatile disk which could also be a
7488
04:45:29,040 --> 04:45:30,040
digital video disk the only difference
7489
04:45:31,200 --> 04:45:32,200
here is what's being held in it if it's
7490
04:45:33,440 --> 04:45:34,440
mostly for video it's a dvd digital
7491
04:45:35,600 --> 04:45:36,600
video disk if we're talking about data
7492
04:45:37,680 --> 04:45:38,680
it's generally referred to as a
7493
04:45:38,638 --> 04:45:39,638
versatile disk you're probably not going
7494
04:45:40,080 --> 04:45:41,080
to see that on the test but i cover it
7495
04:45:41,520 --> 04:45:42,520
anyway just see for your own uh sort of
7496
04:45:43,920 --> 04:45:44,920
knowledge
7497
04:45:44,958 --> 04:45:45,958
most dvd drives read at 16x so you
7498
04:45:48,240 --> 04:45:49,240
remember cd drive could read it 48x and
7499
04:45:50,798 --> 04:45:51,798
you would go oh wow so you just lost
7500
04:45:52,878 --> 04:45:53,878
speed well not exactly because in this
7501
04:45:55,200 --> 04:45:56,200
case the x stands for 1.32 megabytes per
7502
04:45:59,600 --> 04:46:00,600
second so if you remember 48x was about
7503
04:46:02,798 --> 04:46:03,798
7.2 megabytes per second if we multiply
7504
04:46:06,160 --> 04:46:07,160
16 times this 1.32 we're getting a much
7505
04:46:10,080 --> 04:46:11,080
faster speed
7506
04:46:11,920 --> 04:46:12,920
already over 16 megabytes per second
7507
04:46:15,760 --> 04:46:16,760
all in all this is nine times faster
7508
04:46:18,958 --> 04:46:19,958
this x is nine times faster than the cd
7509
04:46:21,680 --> 04:46:22,680
speed so not only are we getting more
7510
04:46:25,360 --> 04:46:26,360
storage space on the dvds we're also
7511
04:46:27,600 --> 04:46:28,600
getting something that reads
7512
04:46:29,840 --> 04:46:30,840
and sometimes writes faster than cds can
7513
04:46:35,520 --> 04:46:36,520
the installation is identical to cd
7514
04:46:38,080 --> 04:46:39,080
drives nothing different so again paid a
7515
04:46:40,958 --> 04:46:41,958
connector the 40 pin and the molex or
7516
04:46:43,280 --> 04:46:44,280
sata
7517
04:46:44,320 --> 04:46:45,320
external could be usb or firewire
7518
04:46:46,798 --> 04:46:47,798
generally nowadays going to be usb
7519
04:46:50,320 --> 04:46:51,320
you must have and this is important okay
7520
04:46:52,160 --> 04:46:53,160
because this will come up on the test
7521
04:46:55,280 --> 04:46:56,280
you must have specific dvd software in
7522
04:46:58,160 --> 04:46:59,160
order to watch videos now generally
7523
04:47:00,240 --> 04:47:01,240
speaking most operating systems nowadays
7524
04:47:02,320 --> 04:47:03,320
come with this installed but you might
7525
04:47:04,560 --> 04:47:05,560
see a question that asks why
7526
04:47:06,798 --> 04:47:07,798
you can read data from a dvd
7527
04:47:09,360 --> 04:47:10,360
correctly but you can't watch a movie
7528
04:47:11,200 --> 04:47:12,200
and that's probably because the movie
7529
04:47:13,040 --> 04:47:14,040
just like with audio is encoded on there
7530
04:47:15,440 --> 04:47:16,440
using special compression and so i need
7531
04:47:17,680 --> 04:47:18,680
something that can decompress and show
7532
04:47:19,760 --> 04:47:20,760
me that video and that's why you need to
7533
04:47:21,680 --> 04:47:22,680
have specific dvd software on the
7534
04:47:23,520 --> 04:47:24,520
computer in order to watch the videos
7535
04:47:28,878 --> 04:47:29,878
so one thing i'm just going to bring
7536
04:47:30,080 --> 04:47:31,080
back this image that we saw with cds
7537
04:47:32,320 --> 04:47:33,320
because i want to talk about how much
7538
04:47:34,400 --> 04:47:35,400
data can be stored on these dvds
7539
04:47:37,200 --> 04:47:38,200
the first thing we have is a single
7540
04:47:38,718 --> 04:47:39,718
layer single sided disk and that holds
7541
04:47:41,798 --> 04:47:42,798
4.7 gigabytes of data per side
7542
04:47:45,840 --> 04:47:46,840
so 4.7 gigabytes we're already
7543
04:47:48,160 --> 04:47:49,160
increasing our 700 megabyte limit quite
7544
04:47:50,878 --> 04:47:51,878
a bit
7545
04:47:51,840 --> 04:47:52,840
uh but you'll notice these two terms
7546
04:47:53,680 --> 04:47:54,680
single layer
7547
04:47:55,120 --> 04:47:56,120
and single sided let's first talk about
7548
04:47:58,000 --> 04:47:59,000
single layer a dual layer allows you to
7549
04:48:01,200 --> 04:48:02,200
bump this up to 8.5 gigabytes and a lot
7550
04:48:04,560 --> 04:48:05,560
of movies if you ever tried for some
7551
04:48:06,718 --> 04:48:07,718
reason backing up one of the movies you
7552
04:48:08,560 --> 04:48:09,560
owned and then making a copy onto a dvd
7553
04:48:11,120 --> 04:48:12,120
it might not have worked and that's
7554
04:48:12,718 --> 04:48:13,718
because you were trying to take a dual
7555
04:48:14,798 --> 04:48:15,798
layer
7556
04:48:15,680 --> 04:48:16,680
dvd that the manufacturer sold you and
7557
04:48:18,080 --> 04:48:19,080
burn it onto a single layer dvd
7558
04:48:21,120 --> 04:48:22,120
obviously it doesn't quite double but it
7559
04:48:23,760 --> 04:48:24,760
does give you a lot more storage space
7560
04:48:26,320 --> 04:48:27,320
now this is does not mean
7561
04:48:28,480 --> 04:48:29,480
that the layers are on either side of
7562
04:48:30,240 --> 04:48:31,240
the dvd instead just like this sort of
7563
04:48:33,040 --> 04:48:34,040
is representing the laser can actually
7564
04:48:36,160 --> 04:48:37,160
shoot past the first layer
7565
04:48:38,160 --> 04:48:39,160
and go to the second and that's how it
7566
04:48:40,080 --> 04:48:41,080
allows for dual layers so it actually is
7567
04:48:41,920 --> 04:48:42,920
not on a different side okay so the dvd
7568
04:48:45,280 --> 04:48:46,280
laser shines through the first layer to
7569
04:48:47,600 --> 04:48:48,600
reach the second layer and that's how it
7570
04:48:49,600 --> 04:48:50,600
can increase
7571
04:48:51,840 --> 04:48:52,840
the amount of data being stored on it
7572
04:48:53,360 --> 04:48:54,360
now when you go out and buy dvds let's
7573
04:48:55,520 --> 04:48:56,520
say you're going to burn to a dvd and by
7574
04:48:57,680 --> 04:48:58,680
the way that term burning the reason
7575
04:48:59,440 --> 04:49:00,440
it's called burning is because you're
7576
04:49:00,798 --> 04:49:01,798
chemically making a change on the cd
7577
04:49:03,040 --> 04:49:04,040
that's why you can't rewrite to most
7578
04:49:05,360 --> 04:49:06,360
the
7579
04:49:06,400 --> 04:49:07,400
process of using a layer sorry a laser
7580
04:49:09,200 --> 04:49:10,200
is burning those pits and valleys
7581
04:49:11,360 --> 04:49:12,360
into
7582
04:49:12,480 --> 04:49:13,480
the cd or dvd
7583
04:49:15,360 --> 04:49:16,360
now a dual-sided disc holds information
7584
04:49:18,160 --> 04:49:19,160
on both sides so not just on this side
7585
04:49:21,200 --> 04:49:22,200
but on this side as well and so it's
7586
04:49:24,000 --> 04:49:25,000
literally like you could flip over the
7587
04:49:25,440 --> 04:49:26,440
dvd and look at the other side just like
7588
04:49:27,120 --> 04:49:28,120
the a and the b side of a record if you
7589
04:49:29,120 --> 04:49:30,120
remember what a record or lp looks like
7590
04:49:31,440 --> 04:49:32,440
so a dual sided disk can then double
7591
04:49:35,040 --> 04:49:36,040
this amount so if i have a dual layer
7592
04:49:38,400 --> 04:49:39,400
dual side
7593
04:49:40,000 --> 04:49:41,000
dvd i'm going to have about 16 gigabytes
7594
04:49:42,798 --> 04:49:43,798
of
7595
04:49:43,680 --> 04:49:44,680
space allowed on that
7596
04:49:45,840 --> 04:49:46,840
so again dual
7597
04:49:47,840 --> 04:49:48,840
dual layer dual side holds up to 17
7598
04:49:50,798 --> 04:49:51,798
gigabytes because a dual layer gives me
7599
04:49:53,600 --> 04:49:54,600
8.5 if i have dual layer on both sides
7600
04:49:56,320 --> 04:49:57,320
of the disk that i could flip over
7601
04:49:57,920 --> 04:49:58,920
that's going to give me 17 gigabytes of
7602
04:49:59,680 --> 04:50:00,680
data and you probably need dvd players
7603
04:50:01,760 --> 04:50:02,760
that can read both sides simultaneously
7604
04:50:03,920 --> 04:50:04,920
without you having to switch them over
7605
04:50:07,040 --> 04:50:08,040
although uh
7606
04:50:08,240 --> 04:50:09,240
of course if anyone ever had bought a
7607
04:50:10,080 --> 04:50:11,080
dvd at the store
7608
04:50:11,680 --> 04:50:12,680
a video dvd that you could watch the
7609
04:50:14,080 --> 04:50:15,080
widescreen version on one side and the
7610
04:50:15,360 --> 04:50:16,360
full screen version on the other this
7611
04:50:16,878 --> 04:50:17,878
was back before we had widescreen tvs
7612
04:50:19,040 --> 04:50:20,040
all over the place um you would know
7613
04:50:21,360 --> 04:50:22,360
that it's sort of how that works
7614
04:50:24,798 --> 04:50:25,798
so here's a table that shows you the
7615
04:50:26,320 --> 04:50:27,320
dvd-rom technology again dvd-rom
7616
04:50:29,440 --> 04:50:30,440
read-only these are all read-only dvd-5
7617
04:50:32,638 --> 04:50:33,638
that's sort of the uh most common
7618
04:50:34,638 --> 04:50:35,638
technology you see out there it has one
7619
04:50:37,200 --> 04:50:38,200
side and one layer and as we've
7620
04:50:39,200 --> 04:50:40,200
mentioned 4.7 gigabytes this is the
7621
04:50:42,160 --> 04:50:43,160
number you want to remember
7622
04:50:44,080 --> 04:50:45,080
if i have two layers which is dvd-9
7623
04:50:47,760 --> 04:50:48,760
technology don't worry by the way about
7624
04:50:49,920 --> 04:50:50,920
this i doubt it's going to be on the
7625
04:50:51,200 --> 04:50:52,200
test what you really want to worry about
7626
04:50:53,520 --> 04:50:54,520
are these sizes over here
7627
04:50:56,798 --> 04:50:57,798
which is the maximum size okay so
7628
04:50:59,680 --> 04:51:00,680
4.7 gigabytes for one layer two layers
7629
04:51:02,400 --> 04:51:03,400
increases that to 8.5 gigabytes
7630
04:51:06,080 --> 04:51:07,080
if i have two sides and two layers i can
7631
04:51:10,240 --> 04:51:11,240
double that and get to 17 gigabytes so
7632
04:51:12,958 --> 04:51:13,958
again these are some important numbers
7633
04:51:14,320 --> 04:51:15,320
to remember one more slide we didn't
7634
04:51:16,638 --> 04:51:17,638
talk specifically about this but just
7635
04:51:18,240 --> 04:51:19,240
like with cds cdrs we have dvd-r's now
7636
04:51:22,240 --> 04:51:23,240
you'll see that there's this minus and
7637
04:51:23,920 --> 04:51:24,920
this plus next to the r all that is
7638
04:51:26,400 --> 04:51:27,400
talking about are different format
7639
04:51:27,840 --> 04:51:28,840
technologies uh one might have been
7640
04:51:30,000 --> 04:51:31,000
panasonic the other might have been sony
7641
04:51:31,680 --> 04:51:32,680
or something right so this was just how
7642
04:51:33,520 --> 04:51:34,520
they were manufactured not as important
7643
04:51:35,440 --> 04:51:36,440
to remember as the fact that uh a your
7644
04:51:38,480 --> 04:51:39,480
writing speeds are you know
7645
04:51:41,280 --> 04:51:42,280
not too shabby here
7646
04:51:43,040 --> 04:51:44,040
if we we're talking about an x equaling
7647
04:51:45,200 --> 04:51:46,200
1.32 megabytes that's going pretty fast
7648
04:51:47,840 --> 04:51:48,840
however don't forget we're dealing with
7649
04:51:49,200 --> 04:51:50,200
gigabytes of capacity and so it's going
7650
04:51:50,798 --> 04:51:51,798
to take a lot longer
7651
04:51:52,560 --> 04:51:53,560
a dvd-r is about 4.7 gigabytes those are
7652
04:51:55,920 --> 04:51:56,920
the same
7653
04:51:57,040 --> 04:51:58,040
uh
7654
04:51:57,920 --> 04:51:58,920
a dual layer dvd-r goes to 8.5 gigabytes
7655
04:52:02,160 --> 04:52:03,160
we also have dvd rws which have the same
7656
04:52:07,120 --> 04:52:08,120
capacity they're just slower because the
7657
04:52:10,240 --> 04:52:11,240
media is slower the important thing to
7658
04:52:12,400 --> 04:52:13,400
realize about these plus r and minus rs
7659
04:52:14,798 --> 04:52:15,798
is that if you have a plus r player or a
7660
04:52:17,760 --> 04:52:18,760
plus r burner you must make sure to buy
7661
04:52:20,160 --> 04:52:21,160
a plus r media so when you go to the
7662
04:52:22,718 --> 04:52:23,718
store to buy your dvd recordable dvds
7663
04:52:25,200 --> 04:52:26,200
you need to make sure it's either a plus
7664
04:52:27,200 --> 04:52:28,200
or a minus okay so that's sort of the
7665
04:52:29,280 --> 04:52:30,280
important thing to remember aside from
7666
04:52:31,200 --> 04:52:32,200
the capacity which is 4.7
7667
04:52:34,320 --> 04:52:35,320
for a single layer
7668
04:52:36,080 --> 04:52:37,080
and 8.5 or thereabouts for a dual layer
7669
04:52:39,600 --> 04:52:40,600
and if i double that to a dual sided
7670
04:52:41,760 --> 04:52:42,760
dual layer
7671
04:52:43,040 --> 04:52:44,040
now
7672
04:52:44,798 --> 04:52:45,798
i'm at 17
7673
04:52:46,480 --> 04:52:47,480
gigabytes
7674
04:52:50,240 --> 04:52:51,240
all right so that covers now cds and
7675
04:52:52,958 --> 04:52:53,958
dvds and that brings us to the latest
7676
04:52:55,520 --> 04:52:56,520
form of optical
7677
04:52:57,040 --> 04:52:58,040
storage that we have which are blu-ray
7678
04:52:58,878 --> 04:52:59,878
discs
7679
04:53:00,080 --> 04:53:01,080
blu-ray discs look exactly similar to
7680
04:53:02,480 --> 04:53:03,480
cds they were originally envisioned to
7681
04:53:05,520 --> 04:53:06,520
replace dvd video
7682
04:53:07,520 --> 04:53:08,520
not to sort of create a whole new
7683
04:53:08,958 --> 04:53:09,958
standard of data keeping and that's
7684
04:53:11,840 --> 04:53:12,840
mostly what we see them as because
7685
04:53:14,000 --> 04:53:15,000
really if we're talking about storage
7686
04:53:15,600 --> 04:53:16,600
nowadays we're really dealing with usb
7687
04:53:17,120 --> 04:53:18,120
drives and solid state media like that
7688
04:53:18,958 --> 04:53:19,958
which we'll talk about if you recall
7689
04:53:20,718 --> 04:53:21,718
there was sort of a really a nasty
7690
04:53:22,400 --> 04:53:23,400
battle between hd and blu-ray blu-ray
7691
04:53:25,920 --> 04:53:26,920
one out uh
7692
04:53:28,320 --> 04:53:29,320
not not quite sure how that happened but
7693
04:53:30,240 --> 04:53:31,240
if you remember it happening it just
7694
04:53:31,760 --> 04:53:32,760
sort of one day hd wasn't around anymore
7695
04:53:34,320 --> 04:53:35,320
sort of fizzled out
7696
04:53:35,840 --> 04:53:36,840
and if you had hd you either tried
7697
04:53:38,240 --> 04:53:39,240
getting rid of all your stuff or buying
7698
04:53:39,840 --> 04:53:40,840
as much as you could so you could hold
7699
04:53:41,680 --> 04:53:42,680
on to them but nowadays no one makes hd
7700
04:53:44,080 --> 04:53:45,080
everyone makes blu-ray
7701
04:53:49,200 --> 04:53:50,200
this is not unlike the vhs beta
7702
04:53:52,560 --> 04:53:53,560
standards battle back in uh when vhs
7703
04:53:55,520 --> 04:53:56,520
sort of came on the market as well
7704
04:53:58,000 --> 04:53:59,000
um the drive speeds range from about 1x
7705
04:54:01,520 --> 04:54:02,520
to 12x and again this x
7706
04:54:04,878 --> 04:54:05,878
equals 36 mega megabits per second or
7707
04:54:08,480 --> 04:54:09,480
4.5 megabytes per second this is the
7708
04:54:10,878 --> 04:54:11,878
number we've been dealing with megabytes
7709
04:54:12,718 --> 04:54:13,718
so let's stick with that one if you
7710
04:54:14,000 --> 04:54:15,000
recall we had about 1.3 i think seven
7711
04:54:18,000 --> 04:54:19,000
for the dvds and so we're getting quite
7712
04:54:20,798 --> 04:54:21,798
an increase here about three and a half
7713
04:54:22,560 --> 04:54:23,560
times more to burn or to read rather
7714
04:54:25,680 --> 04:54:26,680
blu-rays
7715
04:54:28,400 --> 04:54:29,400
this holds and this is this is really
7716
04:54:30,320 --> 04:54:31,320
easy these hold 25 gigabytes per layer
7717
04:54:33,680 --> 04:54:34,680
you can have up to two layers
7718
04:54:35,600 --> 04:54:36,600
which means the biggest you're going to
7719
04:54:37,040 --> 04:54:38,040
get
7720
04:54:38,798 --> 04:54:39,798
on a blu-ray
7721
04:54:40,240 --> 04:54:41,240
is 50 gigabytes
7722
04:54:45,040 --> 04:54:46,040
right there
7723
04:54:46,240 --> 04:54:47,240
so
7724
04:54:47,600 --> 04:54:48,600
cd offers a 700 megabytes
7725
04:54:50,240 --> 04:54:51,240
dvd offers us 4.7 gigabytes up to 8.5
7726
04:54:54,480 --> 04:54:55,480
gigabytes for a single or dual layer we
7727
04:54:57,840 --> 04:54:58,840
can double that on a second side so we
7728
04:54:59,600 --> 04:55:00,600
can get up to 17 gigabytes on a dvd if
7729
04:55:03,120 --> 04:55:04,120
we're willing to use both sides but now
7730
04:55:05,200 --> 04:55:06,200
with blu-ray we can have up to
7731
04:55:07,760 --> 04:55:08,760
50 gigabytes
7732
04:55:09,280 --> 04:55:10,280
quite an improvement
7733
04:55:14,320 --> 04:55:15,320
normally these are connected via sata
7734
04:55:16,798 --> 04:55:17,798
connections because of the speed
7735
04:55:18,160 --> 04:55:19,160
requirement so you're not really going
7736
04:55:19,840 --> 04:55:20,840
to see many
7737
04:55:21,040 --> 04:55:22,040
pata connectors uh you might see uh
7738
04:55:23,920 --> 04:55:24,920
esata for the external it's external
7739
04:55:26,798 --> 04:55:27,798
sata we haven't really talked much about
7740
04:55:28,320 --> 04:55:29,320
that but that is the external uh version
7741
04:55:30,958 --> 04:55:31,958
of sata or a usb or firewire for the
7742
04:55:34,160 --> 04:55:35,160
external you could also see this in
7743
04:55:36,160 --> 04:55:37,160
scuzzy however i really doubt it you're
7744
04:55:38,080 --> 04:55:39,080
going to see anything but sata out in
7745
04:55:39,520 --> 04:55:40,520
the market
7746
04:55:40,400 --> 04:55:41,400
it is backwards compatible with cds and
7747
04:55:42,400 --> 04:55:43,400
dvds meaning you can plug
7748
04:55:44,718 --> 04:55:45,718
a cd into a blu-ray player you can plug
7749
04:55:47,520 --> 04:55:48,520
a dvd into a blu-ray player and it will
7750
04:55:49,520 --> 04:55:50,520
work same with a cd will go into dvds
7751
04:55:52,958 --> 04:55:53,958
right
7752
04:55:54,638 --> 04:55:55,638
and a dvd and a cd will also go into
7753
04:55:57,200 --> 04:55:58,200
blu-ray however you cannot play a
7754
04:55:59,360 --> 04:56:00,360
blu-ray
7755
04:56:01,600 --> 04:56:02,600
on a cd or dvd i point this out because
7756
04:56:04,000 --> 04:56:05,000
i have seen questions on the test that
7757
04:56:05,760 --> 04:56:06,760
say i just bought blu-ray discs i plug
7758
04:56:08,080 --> 04:56:09,080
them into my player and they're not
7759
04:56:09,760 --> 04:56:10,760
working i know cds and dvds work what's
7760
04:56:12,240 --> 04:56:13,240
the problem well you either don't have
7761
04:56:14,160 --> 04:56:15,160
the correct software installed
7762
04:56:16,240 --> 04:56:17,240
or you don't have a blu-ray player
7763
04:56:18,560 --> 04:56:19,560
you're putting blu-ray media into a cd
7764
04:56:21,040 --> 04:56:22,040
or dvd drive
7765
04:56:24,000 --> 04:56:25,000
so uh just like i mentioned you must
7766
04:56:25,920 --> 04:56:26,920
have the correct software in order to
7767
04:56:27,440 --> 04:56:28,440
watch your high definition movies
7768
04:56:30,320 --> 04:56:31,320
uh just like you do with the dvd so
7769
04:56:32,400 --> 04:56:33,400
unlike a cd where you have a core that's
7770
04:56:34,080 --> 04:56:35,080
gonna plug up to your sound card there's
7771
04:56:35,840 --> 04:56:36,840
nothing like that that exists for the
7772
04:56:37,360 --> 04:56:38,360
blu-ray or the dvd if you don't have
7773
04:56:39,600 --> 04:56:40,600
movie watching software on your computer
7774
04:56:41,680 --> 04:56:42,680
that can watch these hd things
7775
04:56:43,920 --> 04:56:44,920
it's not going to work
7776
04:56:45,360 --> 04:56:46,360
when you try plugging it up
7777
04:56:47,920 --> 04:56:48,920
just like with dvds we have a bdr which
7778
04:56:50,638 --> 04:56:51,638
is a blu-ray recordable and a bdr e
7779
04:56:54,160 --> 04:56:55,160
which is the recordable and erasable so
7780
04:56:56,080 --> 04:56:57,080
that's slightly different it's not an rw
7781
04:56:57,920 --> 04:56:58,920
it's an re
7782
04:57:00,560 --> 04:57:01,560
i have a little table here that can show
7783
04:57:02,160 --> 04:57:03,160
you exactly what we're dealing with
7784
04:57:03,920 --> 04:57:04,920
these are the ones we were talking about
7785
04:57:05,760 --> 04:57:06,760
these standard discs there are many
7786
04:57:07,920 --> 04:57:08,920
blu-ray discs which are not as important
7787
04:57:09,840 --> 04:57:10,840
for us because again we're really going
7788
04:57:11,760 --> 04:57:12,760
to want to be dealing with these suckers
7789
04:57:13,600 --> 04:57:14,600
the ones that can really hold some a
7790
04:57:15,120 --> 04:57:16,120
major punch
7791
04:57:16,320 --> 04:57:17,320
a standard disk single layer 25
7792
04:57:19,680 --> 04:57:20,680
gigabytes
7793
04:57:20,878 --> 04:57:21,878
and a dual layer is 50 gigabytes you
7794
04:57:23,360 --> 04:57:24,360
want to remember
7795
04:57:24,878 --> 04:57:25,878
these numbers
7796
04:57:28,798 --> 04:57:29,798
all right so that concludes blu-ray
7797
04:57:30,480 --> 04:57:31,480
discs let's go back and just talk about
7798
04:57:32,080 --> 04:57:33,080
some of the main talking points here
7799
04:57:33,760 --> 04:57:34,760
first of all we talked about cds uh the
7800
04:57:36,240 --> 04:57:37,240
important thing to remember with cds is
7801
04:57:38,000 --> 04:57:39,000
that that x
7802
04:57:39,440 --> 04:57:40,440
equals about 150
7803
04:57:42,160 --> 04:57:43,160
kilobytes per second
7804
04:57:44,560 --> 04:57:45,560
uh they hold up to about 700
7805
04:57:47,600 --> 04:57:48,600
megabytes all right so not too shabby
7806
04:57:50,798 --> 04:57:51,798
we also have cdrs
7807
04:57:54,160 --> 04:57:55,160
and cdrws
7808
04:57:57,440 --> 04:57:58,440
for storage again we can unless we can
7809
04:57:59,920 --> 04:58:00,920
write to the cd it's really no good for
7810
04:58:01,440 --> 04:58:02,440
us as far as storage the other thing
7811
04:58:03,440 --> 04:58:04,440
with cds and this is something i sort of
7812
04:58:05,200 --> 04:58:06,200
with all of these optical media is you
7813
04:58:06,958 --> 04:58:07,958
can't just write and erase and write and
7814
04:58:08,638 --> 04:58:09,638
erase if you're going to write to it you
7815
04:58:10,638 --> 04:58:11,638
have to burn it from the very beginning
7816
04:58:12,560 --> 04:58:13,560
so if i want to add data to a dvd i
7817
04:58:14,958 --> 04:58:15,958
actually have to burn it all over again
7818
04:58:17,600 --> 04:58:18,600
so it's not really good for sort of
7819
04:58:20,560 --> 04:58:21,560
adding and subtracting data quickly what
7820
04:58:23,040 --> 04:58:24,040
it's really good for is archival and
7821
04:58:24,798 --> 04:58:25,798
storage if i want to store a lot of data
7822
04:58:27,280 --> 04:58:28,280
on something okay so that's just an
7823
04:58:28,560 --> 04:58:29,560
important distinction that i want to
7824
04:58:30,560 --> 04:58:31,560
make sure is clear
7825
04:58:32,480 --> 04:58:33,480
it's something i think some of us have
7826
04:58:33,840 --> 04:58:34,840
been dealing with these things for so
7827
04:58:35,040 --> 04:58:36,040
long we might we might forget to sort of
7828
04:58:36,958 --> 04:58:37,958
uh specify but that is important i can't
7829
04:58:39,520 --> 04:58:40,520
plug in a dvd and sort of add to it and
7830
04:58:41,760 --> 04:58:42,760
remove from it really simply because
7831
04:58:43,520 --> 04:58:44,520
every time i do that it has to go
7832
04:58:44,718 --> 04:58:45,718
through this process of burning to the
7833
04:58:46,718 --> 04:58:47,718
dvd or the cd or the blu-ray again with
7834
04:58:49,120 --> 04:58:50,120
dvds
7835
04:58:51,600 --> 04:58:52,600
we're looking at generally
7836
04:58:54,160 --> 04:58:55,160
4.7 gigabytes
7837
04:58:56,878 --> 04:58:57,878
uh up to 8.5
7838
04:58:59,760 --> 04:59:00,760
on the dual layer
7839
04:59:01,360 --> 04:59:02,360
so that's single layer
7840
04:59:03,520 --> 04:59:04,520
and
7841
04:59:05,200 --> 04:59:06,200
dual layer we can also double this if we
7842
04:59:08,080 --> 04:59:09,080
have a single side versus dual side so a
7843
04:59:11,680 --> 04:59:12,680
dual side
7844
04:59:13,040 --> 04:59:14,040
is going to allow us for up to
7845
04:59:15,440 --> 04:59:16,440
16 gigabytes
7846
04:59:17,280 --> 04:59:18,280
okay the x not as important to remember
7847
04:59:19,920 --> 04:59:20,920
in this case but it's around 1.3
7848
04:59:23,200 --> 04:59:24,200
seven
7849
04:59:24,718 --> 04:59:25,718
megabytes per second instead of
7850
04:59:26,560 --> 04:59:27,560
kilobytes
7851
04:59:29,040 --> 04:59:30,040
blu-ray discs
7852
04:59:31,120 --> 04:59:32,120
one uh layer
7853
04:59:34,080 --> 04:59:35,080
is 25 gigabytes
7854
04:59:37,040 --> 04:59:38,040
so quite an improvement
7855
04:59:38,878 --> 04:59:39,878
even over this double sided
7856
04:59:41,520 --> 04:59:42,520
uh double layer
7857
04:59:44,000 --> 04:59:45,000
dvd
7858
04:59:45,040 --> 04:59:46,040
and if we're dealing with two layers we
7859
04:59:46,798 --> 04:59:47,798
can get up to
7860
04:59:48,320 --> 04:59:49,320
50 gigabytes which is currently the
7861
04:59:50,000 --> 04:59:51,000
maximum all right so that's what we're
7862
04:59:51,840 --> 04:59:52,840
dealing with the x
7863
04:59:53,920 --> 04:59:54,920
is around four point i think it was
7864
04:59:56,080 --> 04:59:57,080
seven
7865
04:59:58,240 --> 04:59:59,240
megabytes
7866
04:59:59,840 --> 05:00:00,840
per second
7867
05:00:01,600 --> 05:00:02,600
uh not important really to remember
7868
05:00:04,560 --> 05:00:05,560
this or really to remember this
7869
05:00:07,200 --> 05:00:08,200
this one i have seen pop up in the test
7870
05:00:09,440 --> 05:00:10,440
all right so now that we've talked about
7871
05:00:11,040 --> 05:00:12,040
this magnetic media which is great
7872
05:00:13,520 --> 05:00:14,520
because i can write to it and remove
7873
05:00:15,280 --> 05:00:16,280
from it instantly because it's dealing
7874
05:00:16,718 --> 05:00:17,718
with magnets rather than light and sort
7875
05:00:18,798 --> 05:00:19,798
of lasers and then we have
7876
05:00:20,718 --> 05:00:21,718
these this optical media which is really
7877
05:00:22,560 --> 05:00:23,560
good for long-term storage
7878
05:00:25,200 --> 05:00:26,200
that i can access very quickly although
7879
05:00:27,120 --> 05:00:28,120
it does take a while to burn to right
7880
05:00:28,798 --> 05:00:29,798
because every time i need to burn new
7881
05:00:30,638 --> 05:00:31,638
data to an optical medium i need to
7882
05:00:32,240 --> 05:00:33,240
start from the beginning so now we've
7883
05:00:34,080 --> 05:00:35,080
talked about magnetic and optical let's
7884
05:00:36,160 --> 05:00:37,160
get into solid state which is sort of
7885
05:00:38,320 --> 05:00:39,320
the future of where we're going
7886
05:00:44,380 --> 05:00:45,380
[Music]
7887
05:01:05,200 --> 05:01:06,200
storage devices
7888
05:01:06,878 --> 05:01:07,878
solid state storage
7889
05:01:09,120 --> 05:01:10,120
now that we've discussed magnetic
7890
05:01:11,040 --> 05:01:12,040
storage such as hard drives
7891
05:01:14,000 --> 05:01:15,000
and
7892
05:01:15,120 --> 05:01:16,120
tape drives and also floppy disk drives
7893
05:01:18,000 --> 05:01:19,000
and optical storage such as cds dvds and
7894
05:01:21,040 --> 05:01:22,040
blu-rays i now want to talk about this
7895
05:01:23,840 --> 05:01:24,840
third and final form of storage and the
7896
05:01:26,320 --> 05:01:27,320
one that kind of brings us back to ram
7897
05:01:28,878 --> 05:01:29,878
in some ways and is also going to be the
7898
05:01:30,638 --> 05:01:31,638
future of storage due to its uh
7899
05:01:33,280 --> 05:01:34,280
speed
7900
05:01:34,878 --> 05:01:35,878
and effectiveness and those are solid
7901
05:01:37,440 --> 05:01:38,440
state storage devices and solid state as
7902
05:01:40,400 --> 05:01:41,400
the name implies is different from
7903
05:01:42,480 --> 05:01:43,480
storage that uses magnets uh or
7904
05:01:46,878 --> 05:01:47,878
optical light but rather everything is
7905
05:01:49,360 --> 05:01:50,360
solid integrated chips so everything is
7906
05:01:52,240 --> 05:01:53,240
um soldered on and done through chips
7907
05:01:55,120 --> 05:01:56,120
and therefore
7908
05:01:56,560 --> 05:01:57,560
it's a much more efficient form of
7909
05:01:58,000 --> 05:01:59,000
storage albeit slightly more expensive
7910
05:02:01,200 --> 05:02:02,200
so uh the four main forms of solid state
7911
05:02:03,280 --> 05:02:04,280
storage we're going to talk about are
7912
05:02:05,120 --> 05:02:06,120
solid state drives which are made
7913
05:02:07,520 --> 05:02:08,520
directly to compete with
7914
05:02:10,480 --> 05:02:11,480
hard disk drives
7915
05:02:12,560 --> 05:02:13,560
we're also going to talk about usb flash
7916
05:02:14,400 --> 05:02:15,400
drives which in some ways are replacing
7917
05:02:17,120 --> 05:02:18,120
uh cds dvds
7918
05:02:19,440 --> 05:02:20,440
and blu-rays
7919
05:02:20,958 --> 05:02:21,958
uh although they definitely have
7920
05:02:22,798 --> 05:02:23,798
replaced
7921
05:02:24,000 --> 05:02:25,000
floppy disks
7922
05:02:25,680 --> 05:02:26,680
and then we'll talk about sd cards and
7923
05:02:28,480 --> 05:02:29,480
compact flash both of which are actually
7924
05:02:30,878 --> 05:02:31,878
quite similar to uh usb flash drives uh
7925
05:02:34,798 --> 05:02:35,798
the main difference being the form
7926
05:02:36,718 --> 05:02:37,718
factor or physical size
7927
05:02:39,440 --> 05:02:40,440
all right so uh to begin with let's talk
7928
05:02:41,600 --> 05:02:42,600
about solid-state drives now from just
7929
05:02:43,760 --> 05:02:44,760
the view of it you can see this thing is
7930
05:02:45,920 --> 05:02:46,920
sort of designed to
7931
05:02:48,160 --> 05:02:49,160
take the place of a hard drive
7932
05:02:50,638 --> 05:02:51,638
and what i mean by that is that it is
7933
05:02:53,040 --> 05:02:54,040
where the operating system can reside so
7934
05:02:56,320 --> 05:02:57,320
rather than a usb flash drive and you
7935
05:02:59,040 --> 05:03:00,040
can put a operating system on a usb
7936
05:03:00,878 --> 05:03:01,878
flash drive but it's rather small these
7937
05:03:03,040 --> 05:03:04,040
are made to be fairly large uh and you
7938
05:03:06,160 --> 05:03:07,160
know for instance the computer i'm
7939
05:03:07,600 --> 05:03:08,600
running right now has a 512
7940
05:03:10,718 --> 05:03:11,718
gigabyte solid-state flash drive and it
7941
05:03:13,120 --> 05:03:14,120
wasn't very expensive
7942
05:03:14,958 --> 05:03:15,958
excuse me it was pretty expensive it
7943
05:03:16,638 --> 05:03:17,638
wasn't very cheap
7944
05:03:18,560 --> 05:03:19,560
but uh it does replace the old magnetic
7945
05:03:21,360 --> 05:03:22,360
hard drive and the main difference here
7946
05:03:23,920 --> 05:03:24,920
is that uh unlike the
7947
05:03:26,718 --> 05:03:27,718
hard drives the magnetic media which
7948
05:03:29,040 --> 05:03:30,040
used sort of those platters if you
7949
05:03:31,600 --> 05:03:32,600
recall
7950
05:03:32,638 --> 05:03:33,638
right and then i had a head that could
7951
05:03:34,878 --> 05:03:35,878
read all of the data on these platters
7952
05:03:36,798 --> 05:03:37,798
on this magnetic medium or even like
7953
05:03:39,280 --> 05:03:40,280
optical disks which did the same thing
7954
05:03:41,040 --> 05:03:42,040
but used uh lasers i don't know how to
7955
05:03:43,040 --> 05:03:44,040
draw that
7956
05:03:44,560 --> 05:03:45,560
okay but use lasers to read stuff these
7957
05:03:47,040 --> 05:03:48,040
are obviously you can tell i never went
7958
05:03:48,638 --> 05:03:49,638
to art school um everything here is on
7959
05:03:51,600 --> 05:03:52,600
an integrated chip uh meaning these are
7960
05:03:54,240 --> 05:03:55,240
created using non-volatile microchips
7961
05:03:56,480 --> 05:03:57,480
just like
7962
05:03:58,000 --> 05:03:59,000
dram
7963
05:03:59,840 --> 05:04:00,840
certain types of dram which are
7964
05:04:01,200 --> 05:04:02,200
non-volatile i should add so um
7965
05:04:04,878 --> 05:04:05,878
this has a lot of benefits to hard
7966
05:04:07,600 --> 05:04:08,600
drives not only being faster but also a
7967
05:04:10,080 --> 05:04:11,080
lot more reliable because there are no
7968
05:04:13,200 --> 05:04:14,200
moving parts so because there's no
7969
05:04:15,120 --> 05:04:16,120
spinning disc because there's no light
7970
05:04:16,798 --> 05:04:17,798
laser
7971
05:04:17,920 --> 05:04:18,920
we're going to have a lot
7972
05:04:20,878 --> 05:04:21,878
higher up time meaning that we're going
7973
05:04:22,638 --> 05:04:23,638
to have a lot less problems with this
7974
05:04:24,160 --> 05:04:25,160
solid-state drive unless for instance
7975
05:04:26,080 --> 05:04:27,080
the soldering comes undone for the wires
7976
05:04:29,200 --> 05:04:30,200
now these are usually because of the
7977
05:04:30,878 --> 05:04:31,878
speed now remember peda allowed for
7978
05:04:33,280 --> 05:04:34,280
about 133 megabytes per second up to
7979
05:04:35,920 --> 05:04:36,920
about that sata allowed for a lot faster
7980
05:04:38,560 --> 05:04:39,560
connections and we'll see that
7981
05:04:40,480 --> 05:04:41,480
in the next video as well but you can
7982
05:04:42,400 --> 05:04:43,400
see right here
7983
05:04:43,840 --> 05:04:44,840
these allow for a sata power connector
7984
05:04:46,160 --> 05:04:47,160
right there and a sata data connector
7985
05:04:48,080 --> 05:04:49,080
right there and if we look on the drive
7986
05:04:49,840 --> 05:04:50,840
right there this is a sata drive right
7987
05:04:52,000 --> 05:04:53,000
next to that by the way you'll also see
7988
05:04:53,840 --> 05:04:54,840
this 2.5 inch so unlike our hard drives
7989
05:04:57,120 --> 05:04:58,120
which are generally three and a half
7990
05:04:58,480 --> 05:04:59,480
inches
7991
05:04:59,360 --> 05:05:00,360
this is a bit smaller most likely
7992
05:05:01,680 --> 05:05:02,680
actually because this is going into a
7993
05:05:03,200 --> 05:05:04,200
laptop and solid states are perfect for
7994
05:05:05,360 --> 05:05:06,360
laptops that's one of the places we're
7995
05:05:06,638 --> 05:05:07,638
going to see them because they allow for
7996
05:05:08,400 --> 05:05:09,400
lighter
7997
05:05:09,360 --> 05:05:10,360
uh devices that are more susceptible to
7998
05:05:12,400 --> 05:05:13,400
you know being put in a backpack or in a
7999
05:05:14,480 --> 05:05:15,480
briefcase that's dropped and moved
8000
05:05:16,480 --> 05:05:17,480
around and jostled all the time
8001
05:05:19,840 --> 05:05:20,840
so um due to the fact that there are no
8002
05:05:22,240 --> 05:05:23,240
moving parts we have a lot of benefits
8003
05:05:23,760 --> 05:05:24,760
the first is they're silent no moving
8004
05:05:25,600 --> 05:05:26,600
platters no rotating everything's pure
8005
05:05:28,160 --> 05:05:29,160
electronics and therefore it's a lot
8006
05:05:30,240 --> 05:05:31,240
more
8007
05:05:31,040 --> 05:05:32,040
a lot less noise when you start hearing
8008
05:05:33,120 --> 05:05:34,120
noise on a hard drive it could be fine
8009
05:05:34,878 --> 05:05:35,878
or it could also mean that mechanics are
8010
05:05:37,040 --> 05:05:38,040
about to go bad it also means they're
8011
05:05:39,040 --> 05:05:40,040
resistant to physical shock because
8012
05:05:40,798 --> 05:05:41,798
there's no moving parts that when i drop
8013
05:05:42,560 --> 05:05:43,560
something can get jostled out of place
8014
05:05:44,240 --> 05:05:45,240
sort of the worst that can happen is a
8015
05:05:45,600 --> 05:05:46,600
wire gets unsoldered uh and so
8016
05:05:48,240 --> 05:05:49,240
they're much more resistant to the
8017
05:05:49,520 --> 05:05:50,520
physical shock and if i have something
8018
05:05:51,120 --> 05:05:52,120
like a smartphone or even a laptop or
8019
05:05:53,040 --> 05:05:54,040
any sort of portable computer portable
8020
05:05:54,798 --> 05:05:55,798
computing device i'm going to want
8021
05:05:56,400 --> 05:05:57,400
something like that so this is actually
8022
05:05:57,840 --> 05:05:58,840
a major plus
8023
05:05:59,440 --> 05:06:00,440
additionally everything's faster there's
8024
05:06:01,520 --> 05:06:02,520
no moving parts that something has to go
8025
05:06:03,200 --> 05:06:04,200
through so i can access something almost
8026
05:06:05,200 --> 05:06:06,200
immediately because it's all electronics
8027
05:06:07,040 --> 05:06:08,040
as a result directly of this there's
8028
05:06:08,878 --> 05:06:09,878
going to be less latency so i can access
8029
05:06:10,798 --> 05:06:11,798
the data on these drives a lot faster
8030
05:06:12,958 --> 05:06:13,958
however it's not all pros the reason we
8031
05:06:14,958 --> 05:06:15,958
don't see solid states in every single
8032
05:06:16,480 --> 05:06:17,480
computer that is out there is because of
8033
05:06:19,680 --> 05:06:20,680
a couple things one is they're more
8034
05:06:21,040 --> 05:06:22,040
expensive right these do cost more
8035
05:06:23,360 --> 05:06:24,360
because the technology is newer and if i
8036
05:06:25,760 --> 05:06:26,760
want to get a higher capacity i'm going
8037
05:06:28,638 --> 05:06:29,638
to spend more money so whereas the 512
8038
05:06:32,958 --> 05:06:33,958
uh gigabyte
8039
05:06:34,480 --> 05:06:35,480
you know drive that i currently have in
8040
05:06:36,320 --> 05:06:37,320
my computer that solid state
8041
05:06:38,400 --> 05:06:39,400
might cost a certain amount it's going
8042
05:06:40,080 --> 05:06:41,080
to cost a lot less to get that same 512
8043
05:06:43,520 --> 05:06:44,520
and a 7200 rpm magnetic drive and if i
8044
05:06:46,958 --> 05:06:47,958
don't have the extra say 500 to upgrade
8045
05:06:50,240 --> 05:06:51,240
to this sucker on this solid state i'm
8046
05:06:52,320 --> 05:06:53,320
probably going to go with the hard disk
8047
05:06:53,680 --> 05:06:54,680
version i'm going to notice a little
8048
05:06:55,680 --> 05:06:56,680
less uh not as fast increased
8049
05:06:58,320 --> 05:06:59,320
performance but still good been used for
8050
05:07:00,798 --> 05:07:01,798
years and as long as i'm not jostling
8051
05:07:03,120 --> 05:07:04,120
around and doing bad things with the
8052
05:07:04,560 --> 05:07:05,560
computer it should work well
8053
05:07:06,400 --> 05:07:07,400
of course you can understand why this
8054
05:07:07,760 --> 05:07:08,760
isn't going to work well for
8055
05:07:10,320 --> 05:07:11,320
devices like iphones or android tablets
8056
05:07:13,040 --> 05:07:14,040
or anything like that because those
8057
05:07:14,638 --> 05:07:15,638
things get dropped moved around a lot
8058
05:07:18,798 --> 05:07:19,798
all right so that covers the solid state
8059
05:07:20,798 --> 05:07:21,798
drive again main way it's going to be
8060
05:07:22,638 --> 05:07:23,638
connected internally at least is versus
8061
05:07:24,638 --> 05:07:25,638
is in sata externally we're probably
8062
05:07:26,958 --> 05:07:27,958
going to see these connected either
8063
05:07:29,040 --> 05:07:30,040
via usb
8064
05:07:30,400 --> 05:07:31,400
firewire or even esata so let's talk
8065
05:07:32,878 --> 05:07:33,878
about usb flash drives
8066
05:07:34,798 --> 05:07:35,798
many of you have probably seen these usb
8067
05:07:36,560 --> 05:07:37,560
flash drives these are a whole bunch of
8068
05:07:37,760 --> 05:07:38,760
different form factors of them a lot of
8069
05:07:39,920 --> 05:07:40,920
different brands here just about
8070
05:07:41,360 --> 05:07:42,360
everyone makes a flash drive and they're
8071
05:07:42,718 --> 05:07:43,718
fairly cheap nowadays considering the
8072
05:07:44,718 --> 05:07:45,718
size uh by the way when we say a flash
8073
05:07:47,600 --> 05:07:48,600
drive that's just another name for solid
8074
05:07:49,360 --> 05:07:50,360
state so you might see these used
8075
05:07:51,280 --> 05:07:52,280
interchangeably a solid state drive a
8076
05:07:53,600 --> 05:07:54,600
flash drive
8077
05:07:54,878 --> 05:07:55,878
the main difference the reason we're
8078
05:07:56,160 --> 05:07:57,160
going to call these usb flash drives
8079
05:07:57,760 --> 05:07:58,760
just to distinguish between these and
8080
05:07:59,520 --> 05:08:00,520
the previous drives we were looking at
8081
05:08:01,280 --> 05:08:02,280
but the technology within them you can
8082
05:08:03,840 --> 05:08:04,840
sort of see
8083
05:08:05,200 --> 05:08:06,200
through here is just exactly the same
8084
05:08:07,760 --> 05:08:08,760
all right so this means that all
8085
05:08:10,160 --> 05:08:11,160
everything on the inside is electronic
8086
05:08:12,480 --> 05:08:13,480
there are no moving parts it's
8087
05:08:14,878 --> 05:08:15,878
everything's wires and soldered on and
8088
05:08:17,440 --> 05:08:18,440
is
8089
05:08:18,320 --> 05:08:19,320
you know the
8090
05:08:19,280 --> 05:08:20,280
um
8091
05:08:20,240 --> 05:08:21,240
flash literally flashes of of electrons
8092
05:08:24,400 --> 05:08:25,400
these are also known by the way these
8093
05:08:25,920 --> 05:08:26,920
usb flash drives are also known as thumb
8094
05:08:28,080 --> 05:08:29,080
drives because they're about the size of
8095
05:08:29,920 --> 05:08:30,920
your thumb
8096
05:08:31,200 --> 05:08:32,200
a lot of them by the way you can see
8097
05:08:32,480 --> 05:08:33,480
have little key ring
8098
05:08:34,080 --> 05:08:35,080
areas some of them have lights so you
8099
05:08:36,480 --> 05:08:37,480
know they're working
8100
05:08:37,840 --> 05:08:38,840
here's another key ring this one
8101
05:08:39,120 --> 05:08:40,120
actually has a key ring built on
8102
05:08:41,920 --> 05:08:42,920
um
8103
05:08:42,718 --> 05:08:43,718
these
8104
05:08:43,600 --> 05:08:44,600
have a lot of benefits to having these
8105
05:08:45,520 --> 05:08:46,520
rather than sort of that solid state
8106
05:08:47,040 --> 05:08:48,040
drive portable you know hard drive first
8107
05:08:49,280 --> 05:08:50,280
of all there's no special setup for the
8108
05:08:51,200 --> 05:08:52,200
most part you plug these in the computer
8109
05:08:53,200 --> 05:08:54,200
recognizes them these days and you're
8110
05:08:55,360 --> 05:08:56,360
ready to go so that's one of the main
8111
05:08:57,120 --> 05:08:58,120
benefits with these with these uh usb
8112
05:08:59,360 --> 05:09:00,360
flash drives or thumb drives they're
8113
05:09:00,958 --> 05:09:01,958
also drag and drop so unlike a cd-r or a
8114
05:09:04,080 --> 05:09:05,080
dvd-r or even a blu-ray uh
8115
05:09:07,200 --> 05:09:08,200
r
8116
05:09:07,920 --> 05:09:08,920
or bdr rather is what we would call them
8117
05:09:10,080 --> 05:09:11,080
uh you can drag files on these you can
8118
05:09:12,320 --> 05:09:13,320
drop them they're treated just like a
8119
05:09:13,920 --> 05:09:14,920
hard drive on your system so i can
8120
05:09:15,920 --> 05:09:16,920
delete files i can add files i can
8121
05:09:17,520 --> 05:09:18,520
rewrite files i don't have to re-burn
8122
05:09:19,360 --> 05:09:20,360
the entire disk or anything so they have
8123
05:09:21,680 --> 05:09:22,680
the functionality of a hard drive but
8124
05:09:23,440 --> 05:09:24,440
they're smaller the mobile and they
8125
05:09:25,120 --> 05:09:26,120
require no special setup
8126
05:09:27,440 --> 05:09:28,440
finally they are very small as you can
8127
05:09:29,680 --> 05:09:30,680
see they have a small footprint i can
8128
05:09:31,360 --> 05:09:32,360
carry it in my pocket this also makes
8129
05:09:33,600 --> 05:09:34,600
flash drives by the way huge security
8130
05:09:36,160 --> 05:09:37,160
hazards all right when we talk about
8131
05:09:38,320 --> 05:09:39,320
security later on in this course or if
8132
05:09:40,320 --> 05:09:41,320
you're going to stick around for
8133
05:09:41,200 --> 05:09:42,200
security plus we will talk about how
8134
05:09:43,280 --> 05:09:44,280
these are used if you ever go to a lot
8135
05:09:44,718 --> 05:09:45,718
of military installations or department
8136
05:09:46,638 --> 05:09:47,638
of defense sort of places they're not
8137
05:09:49,120 --> 05:09:50,120
going to let you use flash drives from
8138
05:09:51,040 --> 05:09:52,040
the outside generally on their systems
8139
05:09:53,040 --> 05:09:54,040
because they are just a perfect sort of
8140
05:09:56,320 --> 05:09:57,320
trojan horse sort of carrier for viruses
8141
05:10:02,000 --> 05:10:03,000
finally
8142
05:10:03,200 --> 05:10:04,200
these are fairly cheap i think i was
8143
05:10:05,040 --> 05:10:06,040
looking at 16 gigabyte versions online
8144
05:10:07,200 --> 05:10:08,200
the other day and they're probably under
8145
05:10:08,718 --> 05:10:09,718
twenty dollars uh under 20 us dollars i
8146
05:10:11,600 --> 05:10:12,600
should say you go to a 32 or even a 64
8147
05:10:14,160 --> 05:10:15,160
gigabyte version which you can get
8148
05:10:15,360 --> 05:10:16,360
they're going to get more expensive
8149
05:10:16,878 --> 05:10:17,878
obviously you want to put something a
8150
05:10:18,878 --> 05:10:19,878
lot of space in something that's very
8151
05:10:20,638 --> 05:10:21,638
small it's going to cost you more money
8152
05:10:22,320 --> 05:10:23,320
as the years go by though the capacity
8153
05:10:24,480 --> 05:10:25,480
increases and the price goes down
8154
05:10:27,920 --> 05:10:28,920
all right so now we've talked about uh
8155
05:10:30,160 --> 05:10:31,160
usb flash drives so let's talk about the
8156
05:10:32,958 --> 05:10:33,958
the final two sd cards and then compact
8157
05:10:35,280 --> 05:10:36,280
flash all right so secure digital or sd
8158
05:10:38,240 --> 05:10:39,240
cards you've probably seen these and
8159
05:10:40,320 --> 05:10:41,320
these were
8160
05:10:42,000 --> 05:10:43,000
technically these are the same thing as
8161
05:10:43,920 --> 05:10:44,920
usb drives they're just much much
8162
05:10:46,958 --> 05:10:47,958
smaller right the form factor is very
8163
05:10:48,958 --> 05:10:49,958
different here i've listed them a micro
8164
05:10:51,440 --> 05:10:52,440
a mini and a regular sd card a lot of
8165
05:10:54,320 --> 05:10:55,320
laptops these days actually have sd card
8166
05:10:56,560 --> 05:10:57,560
readers that are going to read something
8167
05:10:58,480 --> 05:10:59,480
about this size if you want to use a
8168
05:11:00,638 --> 05:11:01,638
mini or a micro which might be in a
8169
05:11:02,638 --> 05:11:03,638
smaller camera or a smartphone you need
8170
05:11:05,760 --> 05:11:06,760
an adapter that this item will actually
8171
05:11:08,400 --> 05:11:09,400
plug into and then allow you to plug
8172
05:11:10,718 --> 05:11:11,718
this up now just like with our original
8173
05:11:12,878 --> 05:11:13,878
floppy drives here's something cool i
8174
05:11:14,638 --> 05:11:15,638
can lock these so i cannot read and
8175
05:11:16,798 --> 05:11:17,798
write to them so you can actually just
8176
05:11:18,480 --> 05:11:19,480
like you flip a switch it won't let you
8177
05:11:20,000 --> 05:11:21,000
read and write just like with our old
8178
05:11:21,600 --> 05:11:22,600
floppy disks i think that's really
8179
05:11:23,280 --> 05:11:24,280
really cool and of course we're gonna
8180
05:11:25,120 --> 05:11:26,120
see these mostly used in digital cameras
8181
05:11:27,680 --> 05:11:28,680
pdas smartphones etc a lot of people the
8182
05:11:31,360 --> 05:11:32,360
main reason we're going to see these is
8183
05:11:32,718 --> 05:11:33,718
be especially in laptops is because
8184
05:11:34,718 --> 05:11:35,718
someone has a digital camera they take
8185
05:11:37,280 --> 05:11:38,280
the sd card out or a digital camcorder
8186
05:11:39,680 --> 05:11:40,680
they take the sd card out they put it in
8187
05:11:41,440 --> 05:11:42,440
their computer and now i can
8188
05:11:43,040 --> 05:11:44,040
automatically import all of my camera
8189
05:11:45,520 --> 05:11:46,520
camcorder stuff
8190
05:11:49,200 --> 05:11:50,200
the standard size is this one
8191
05:11:52,878 --> 05:11:53,878
which is 32 millimeters by 24
8192
05:11:55,360 --> 05:11:56,360
millimeters
8193
05:11:57,040 --> 05:11:58,040
quite small
8194
05:11:58,958 --> 05:11:59,958
there's also a mini sd card right here
8195
05:12:01,840 --> 05:12:02,840
and then there's the micro as i pointed
8196
05:12:03,680 --> 05:12:04,680
out here
8197
05:12:04,638 --> 05:12:05,638
getting progressively smaller i've
8198
05:12:06,160 --> 05:12:07,160
already talked about how you can you
8199
05:12:07,760 --> 05:12:08,760
need sort of adapters uh to allow these
8200
05:12:10,400 --> 05:12:11,400
to work with bigger systems
8201
05:12:13,440 --> 05:12:14,440
um
8202
05:12:15,440 --> 05:12:16,440
one interesting thing is that you might
8203
05:12:17,040 --> 05:12:18,040
not know is these actually have a two
8204
05:12:18,638 --> 05:12:19,638
gigabyte limit okay so the plain old sd
8205
05:12:21,120 --> 05:12:22,120
card actually has a two gigabyte limit
8206
05:12:24,160 --> 05:12:25,160
in order to increase this they've
8207
05:12:26,320 --> 05:12:27,320
actually created different forms based
8208
05:12:28,320 --> 05:12:29,320
on the sd card the first one being the
8209
05:12:30,240 --> 05:12:31,240
high capacity sd card
8210
05:12:32,878 --> 05:12:33,878
uh sdhc which you might see that's up to
8211
05:12:36,000 --> 05:12:37,000
32 gigabytes generally when people talk
8212
05:12:37,760 --> 05:12:38,760
about sd cards they really mean this as
8213
05:12:40,000 --> 05:12:41,000
well uh improving upon that is now the
8214
05:12:42,718 --> 05:12:43,718
extended capacity sd card sdxc
8215
05:12:47,120 --> 05:12:48,120
which actually has a theoretical
8216
05:12:50,240 --> 05:12:51,240
amount of two terabyte limit which is
8217
05:12:52,560 --> 05:12:53,560
pretty high uh however i don't think
8218
05:12:55,120 --> 05:12:56,120
there's anything on the market that's
8219
05:12:56,400 --> 05:12:57,400
beyond about 128 gigabytes so you're
8220
05:12:59,280 --> 05:13:00,280
probably not going to see anything out
8221
05:13:00,638 --> 05:13:01,638
there at this moment probably around 128
8222
05:13:03,120 --> 05:13:04,120
gigabytes obviously you're putting that
8223
05:13:05,600 --> 05:13:06,600
much electronics into something this
8224
05:13:07,280 --> 05:13:08,280
small uh it's gonna cost you a pretty
8225
05:13:10,160 --> 05:13:11,160
penny and and the market just doesn't
8226
05:13:12,080 --> 05:13:13,080
demand it yet uh you're really gonna be
8227
05:13:14,718 --> 05:13:15,718
using these sort of things for cameras
8228
05:13:17,120 --> 05:13:18,120
camcorders you also wanna make sure when
8229
05:13:19,840 --> 05:13:20,840
you go out and buy them and they will be
8230
05:13:21,200 --> 05:13:22,200
listed as one of these that your
8231
05:13:23,520 --> 05:13:24,520
computer or your sd reader can read
8232
05:13:27,200 --> 05:13:28,200
these
8233
05:13:28,320 --> 05:13:29,320
specific types of sd cards
8234
05:13:32,400 --> 05:13:33,400
now
8235
05:13:33,360 --> 05:13:34,360
the speed the transfer rate is actually
8236
05:13:35,120 --> 05:13:36,120
determined by something called the class
8237
05:13:37,520 --> 05:13:38,520
i think for the a plus exam you probably
8238
05:13:39,360 --> 05:13:40,360
won't go past class six okay but for an
8239
05:13:42,400 --> 05:13:43,400
example class six can transfer at about
8240
05:13:44,958 --> 05:13:45,958
six to forty five megabytes per second
8241
05:13:47,120 --> 05:13:48,120
now the reason this is important
8242
05:13:48,798 --> 05:13:49,798
actually and the reason we're gonna have
8243
05:13:50,080 --> 05:13:51,080
like you know a lot of class 10s out
8244
05:13:52,240 --> 05:13:53,240
there nowadays is because if i have a
8245
05:13:55,120 --> 05:13:56,120
camcorder that's recording in hd video
8246
05:13:58,480 --> 05:13:59,480
that's throwing a lot of data into the
8247
05:14:01,280 --> 05:14:02,280
camera or into the storage at any one
8248
05:14:03,440 --> 05:14:04,440
time and so i need something that's
8249
05:14:05,440 --> 05:14:06,440
really fast that can actually put that
8250
05:14:07,760 --> 05:14:08,760
data onto this small device and so
8251
05:14:09,920 --> 05:14:10,920
that's why the classes come into play uh
8252
05:14:12,638 --> 05:14:13,638
six is the fastest you don't have to
8253
05:14:14,480 --> 05:14:15,480
remember the speeds
8254
05:14:15,840 --> 05:14:16,840
but just remember the higher uh we'll
8255
05:14:18,080 --> 05:14:19,080
write that
8256
05:14:21,120 --> 05:14:22,120
a higher class
8257
05:14:24,400 --> 05:14:25,400
equals
8258
05:14:27,840 --> 05:14:28,840
a higher
8259
05:14:31,760 --> 05:14:32,760
transfer rate okay so that's a bit of an
8260
05:14:34,718 --> 05:14:35,718
important distinction to make
8261
05:14:37,920 --> 05:14:38,920
uh and as i mentioned some devices are
8262
05:14:40,878 --> 05:14:41,878
gonna require higher classes so you go
8263
05:14:43,200 --> 05:14:44,200
online you see oh wow this sd card is
8264
05:14:45,280 --> 05:14:46,280
really cheap that's awesome i'm gonna
8265
05:14:46,480 --> 05:14:47,480
throw it in my camera no big deal and
8266
05:14:48,320 --> 05:14:49,320
then you realize it's a class four when
8267
05:14:50,480 --> 05:14:51,480
you needed a class six and now you are
8268
05:14:52,718 --> 05:14:53,718
out of luck
8269
05:14:55,040 --> 05:14:56,040
all right oh one last thing to know
8270
05:14:56,638 --> 05:14:57,638
about secure digital cards or sd cards
8271
05:14:59,120 --> 05:15:00,120
uh there's one format that's been based
8272
05:15:01,200 --> 05:15:02,200
on it it's called a secure digital input
8273
05:15:03,360 --> 05:15:04,360
output card sdio card i want to cover
8274
05:15:06,000 --> 05:15:07,000
this because basically what this allows
8275
05:15:07,760 --> 05:15:08,760
is this is a derivative of sd cards okay
8276
05:15:11,120 --> 05:15:12,120
so what that means is it's used the sd
8277
05:15:13,280 --> 05:15:14,280
format
8278
05:15:14,560 --> 05:15:15,560
and it's derived this new format and the
8279
05:15:16,718 --> 05:15:17,718
benefit is as the name implies this io
8280
05:15:20,240 --> 05:15:21,240
it allows to have i o device
8281
05:15:22,240 --> 05:15:23,240
functionality i know you're saying what
8282
05:15:23,760 --> 05:15:24,760
does that mean it already has input and
8283
05:15:25,520 --> 05:15:26,520
output it's data but what they mean by
8284
05:15:27,200 --> 05:15:28,200
input output devices are stuff like
8285
05:15:28,718 --> 05:15:29,718
bluetooth wi-fi etc so it allows these
8286
05:15:32,160 --> 05:15:33,160
devices this little card to have an
8287
05:15:34,560 --> 05:15:35,560
integrated gps a wireless lan etc which
8288
05:15:38,480 --> 05:15:39,480
especially for smartphones is something
8289
05:15:40,080 --> 05:15:41,080
pretty major
8290
05:15:41,440 --> 05:15:42,440
one other thing i want to point out
8291
05:15:43,680 --> 05:15:44,680
is
8292
05:15:44,798 --> 05:15:45,798
subscriber identity module cards this
8293
05:15:46,878 --> 05:15:47,878
really doesn't belong necessarily in
8294
05:15:48,798 --> 05:15:49,798
this area but i'm bringing it up because
8295
05:15:50,400 --> 05:15:51,400
i don't want you to confuse them a sim
8296
05:15:53,600 --> 05:15:54,600
card does not have anything to do with
8297
05:15:55,280 --> 05:15:56,280
storage all right i mean it does it
8298
05:15:57,280 --> 05:15:58,280
stores something but it doesn't have to
8299
05:15:58,480 --> 05:15:59,480
do with storing uh information and it
8300
05:16:00,718 --> 05:16:01,718
doesn't have to do either with the sdio
8301
05:16:02,878 --> 05:16:03,878
card
8302
05:16:04,320 --> 05:16:05,320
what it does is it identifies a phone
8303
05:16:06,878 --> 05:16:07,878
specifically sort of a smartphone to a
8304
05:16:08,798 --> 05:16:09,798
specific telecommunications company so
8305
05:16:11,120 --> 05:16:12,120
they know what number goes with that
8306
05:16:12,798 --> 05:16:13,798
phone so that's what a sim card is
8307
05:16:14,798 --> 05:16:15,798
you've probably heard of a sim card if
8308
05:16:16,160 --> 05:16:17,160
you happen to own any sort of
8309
05:16:19,280 --> 05:16:20,280
phone at all
8310
05:16:22,958 --> 05:16:23,958
all right so that covers sd cards let's
8311
05:16:25,360 --> 05:16:26,360
let's just talk about the last form
8312
05:16:27,200 --> 05:16:28,200
compact flash which generally is going
8313
05:16:29,120 --> 05:16:30,120
to come in a card format but not
8314
05:16:30,638 --> 05:16:31,638
necessarily this right here is actually
8315
05:16:32,798 --> 05:16:33,798
a compact flash card
8316
05:16:35,440 --> 05:16:36,440
okay and the thing it's actually plugged
8317
05:16:37,120 --> 05:16:38,120
into is a board that would probably go
8318
05:16:40,000 --> 05:16:41,000
inside of your laptop you can see it's
8319
05:16:42,160 --> 05:16:43,160
actually connected
8320
05:16:43,920 --> 05:16:44,920
through a sata connector and it has its
8321
05:16:45,760 --> 05:16:46,760
own power connector uh which looks
8322
05:16:48,320 --> 05:16:49,320
somewhat like a berg connector
8323
05:16:50,798 --> 05:16:51,798
because this is not a high-powered
8324
05:16:52,560 --> 05:16:53,560
device
8325
05:16:53,520 --> 05:16:54,520
and this is again a solid state storage
8326
05:16:56,080 --> 05:16:57,080
device just like sd cards it's just a
8327
05:16:58,400 --> 05:16:59,400
different format and it's uh
8328
05:17:01,040 --> 05:17:02,040
commonly found in a card format so
8329
05:17:03,680 --> 05:17:04,680
you're probably gonna buy this card and
8330
05:17:04,958 --> 05:17:05,958
what you can see is this probably went
8331
05:17:06,798 --> 05:17:07,798
and there was a chassis that sort of
8332
05:17:08,480 --> 05:17:09,480
ended right here so you don't see any of
8333
05:17:10,878 --> 05:17:11,878
this stuff and the user could pop in
8334
05:17:14,320 --> 05:17:15,320
this card and it could be red
8335
05:17:18,000 --> 05:17:19,000
there are different types and these
8336
05:17:19,600 --> 05:17:20,600
types actually
8337
05:17:20,878 --> 05:17:21,878
are very similar to pcmci a cards or pc
8338
05:17:24,400 --> 05:17:25,400
cards which we'll talk about when we get
8339
05:17:26,320 --> 05:17:27,320
into laptops the type 1 is 3.3
8340
05:17:29,280 --> 05:17:30,280
millimeters and type 2 is 5 millimeters
8341
05:17:32,560 --> 05:17:33,560
you do want to remember this it will
8342
05:17:35,600 --> 05:17:36,600
come back when we talk about pc cards uh
8343
05:17:39,040 --> 05:17:40,040
which these do
8344
05:17:42,240 --> 05:17:43,240
share a form factor with
8345
05:17:44,400 --> 05:17:45,400
okay
8346
05:17:45,840 --> 05:17:46,840
these are larger than sd cards as you
8347
05:17:48,000 --> 05:17:49,000
can see size-wise they're larger than sd
8348
05:17:50,240 --> 05:17:51,240
cards
8349
05:17:52,560 --> 05:17:53,560
inside no difference this is just a
8350
05:17:55,120 --> 05:17:56,120
different format just like blu-ray and
8351
05:17:57,840 --> 05:17:58,840
hd
8352
05:17:59,040 --> 05:18:00,040
just like
8353
05:18:00,400 --> 05:18:01,400
beta and vhs this is a different format
8354
05:18:03,280 --> 05:18:04,280
some com you know some cameras use
8355
05:18:05,200 --> 05:18:06,200
compact flash some use sd i'm seeing sd
8356
05:18:08,480 --> 05:18:09,480
sort of winning the battle a little bit
8357
05:18:10,080 --> 05:18:11,080
but neither has really been declared a
8358
05:18:11,920 --> 05:18:12,920
winner in the marketplace
8359
05:18:14,878 --> 05:18:15,878
uh they have a higher data capacity than
8360
05:18:17,360 --> 05:18:18,360
sd which currently which is the benefit
8361
05:18:19,920 --> 05:18:20,920
um up to 137 gigabytes however with the
8362
05:18:22,958 --> 05:18:23,958
sd you know the extended sd
8363
05:18:25,200 --> 05:18:26,200
formats that are coming out uh
8364
05:18:28,080 --> 05:18:29,080
the
8365
05:18:29,520 --> 05:18:30,520
market share or sort of the win that
8366
05:18:31,280 --> 05:18:32,280
this has is really gonna it's gonna not
8367
05:18:33,680 --> 05:18:34,680
as important
8368
05:18:35,280 --> 05:18:36,280
and they're generally built into an ata
8369
05:18:38,000 --> 05:18:39,000
controller you see that right here so
8370
05:18:40,000 --> 05:18:41,000
here is an s uh sata controller plugged
8371
05:18:43,360 --> 05:18:44,360
up through a sata device here's the
8372
05:18:45,200 --> 05:18:46,200
power and so they're built into that ata
8373
05:18:47,360 --> 05:18:48,360
controller the reason that's important
8374
05:18:49,520 --> 05:18:50,520
is because the computer can mount these
8375
05:18:51,280 --> 05:18:52,280
and recognize them just like an ata hard
8376
05:18:54,320 --> 05:18:55,320
drive all right so that's one of the
8377
05:18:56,560 --> 05:18:57,560
a slight distinction
8378
05:18:58,400 --> 05:18:59,400
from the sd cards although most computer
8379
05:19:02,080 --> 05:19:03,080
software recognizes the sd cards as a
8380
05:19:04,400 --> 05:19:05,400
hardware as well
8381
05:19:07,360 --> 05:19:08,360
um so yeah
8382
05:19:11,120 --> 05:19:12,120
all right so now we've talked about all
8383
05:19:13,040 --> 05:19:14,040
of these let's just go back through them
8384
05:19:14,798 --> 05:19:15,798
and just talk about uh sort of these in
8385
05:19:16,718 --> 05:19:17,718
general the first we had are these ssds
8386
05:19:19,040 --> 05:19:20,040
solid state drives actually all of these
8387
05:19:21,040 --> 05:19:22,040
are sort of solid state drives but here
8388
05:19:23,200 --> 05:19:24,200
what we're talking about are drives that
8389
05:19:25,200 --> 05:19:26,200
were specifically
8390
05:19:26,718 --> 05:19:27,718
made to replace hard disk drives uh
8391
05:19:29,600 --> 05:19:30,600
there are no moving parts
8392
05:19:34,718 --> 05:19:35,718
all right and one thing you're
8393
05:19:36,000 --> 05:19:37,000
definitely going to want to know are
8394
05:19:38,798 --> 05:19:39,798
the benefits
8395
05:19:40,240 --> 05:19:41,240
right
8396
05:19:42,240 --> 05:19:43,240
which include uh faster
8397
05:19:51,120 --> 05:19:52,120
quieter
8398
05:19:54,320 --> 05:19:55,320
i think i forgot an e there and also
8399
05:19:58,160 --> 05:19:59,160
the fact that it is
8400
05:20:06,160 --> 05:20:07,160
resistant
8401
05:20:08,798 --> 05:20:09,798
to shock okay that's a big one and
8402
05:20:10,638 --> 05:20:11,638
that's why they're gonna be really big
8403
05:20:12,798 --> 05:20:13,798
in
8404
05:20:13,920 --> 05:20:14,920
portable devices again this applies to
8405
05:20:16,400 --> 05:20:17,400
all of this stuff okay
8406
05:20:18,160 --> 05:20:19,160
usb flash drives otherwise known
8407
05:20:23,520 --> 05:20:24,520
as thumb drives
8408
05:20:26,558 --> 05:20:27,558
they're very uh they're much smaller not
8409
05:20:28,958 --> 05:20:29,958
as high capacity although we'll probably
8410
05:20:30,958 --> 05:20:31,958
get there at some point that they have
8411
05:20:32,558 --> 05:20:33,558
just as high a capacity as anything else
8412
05:20:34,878 --> 05:20:35,878
and an important thing to remember is
8413
05:20:36,958 --> 05:20:37,958
that these are major security hazards
8414
05:20:40,878 --> 05:20:41,878
for instance uh one interesting one is
8415
05:20:43,680 --> 05:20:44,680
if i wanted to get access to a computer
8416
05:20:46,080 --> 05:20:47,080
system i could drop 50 usb drives which
8417
05:20:49,120 --> 05:20:50,120
are fairly cheap in a parking lot wait
8418
05:20:51,360 --> 05:20:52,360
for someone to pick it up take it inside
8419
05:20:54,000 --> 05:20:55,000
plug it into the computer in order to
8420
05:20:55,520 --> 05:20:56,520
see who to return it to
8421
05:20:57,120 --> 05:20:58,120
and there you have it now i've just
8422
05:20:58,400 --> 05:20:59,400
installed a virus on your system okay
8423
05:21:01,280 --> 05:21:02,280
we also talked about sd cards
8424
05:21:04,718 --> 05:21:05,718
and compact flash cards both of which
8425
05:21:07,280 --> 05:21:08,280
we're really seeing uh in cameras
8426
05:21:11,120 --> 05:21:12,120
and
8427
05:21:15,760 --> 05:21:16,760
smartphones
8428
05:21:17,280 --> 05:21:18,280
these are actually
8429
05:21:18,958 --> 05:21:19,958
logistically exactly like a usb flash
8430
05:21:21,200 --> 05:21:22,200
drive they're just smaller the only
8431
05:21:23,040 --> 05:21:24,040
difference
8432
05:21:24,160 --> 05:21:25,160
again
8433
05:21:25,200 --> 05:21:26,200
is the form factor
8434
05:21:28,080 --> 05:21:29,080
all right so now we've discussed
8435
05:21:29,680 --> 05:21:30,680
magnetic storage optical storage and now
8436
05:21:32,480 --> 05:21:33,480
solid-state storage so i want to take uh
8437
05:21:34,638 --> 05:21:35,638
just a brief moment at now and i want to
8438
05:21:37,200 --> 05:21:38,200
talk about how again how we're going to
8439
05:21:39,360 --> 05:21:40,360
connect these devices and some of the
8440
05:21:41,040 --> 05:21:42,040
special things we need to be aware of
8441
05:21:42,878 --> 05:21:43,878
when we're connecting these devices
8442
05:21:44,400 --> 05:21:45,400
internally to the computer
8443
05:21:51,350 --> 05:21:52,350
[Music]
8444
05:22:11,440 --> 05:22:12,440
storage devices
8445
05:22:13,200 --> 05:22:14,200
connecting
8446
05:22:14,840 --> 05:22:15,840
devices so now that we've talked about
8447
05:22:17,200 --> 05:22:18,200
all of the devices themselves including
8448
05:22:20,400 --> 05:22:21,400
magnetic
8449
05:22:22,080 --> 05:22:23,080
storage devices
8450
05:22:23,840 --> 05:22:24,840
optical storage devices
8451
05:22:26,240 --> 05:22:27,240
and solid-state storage devices i want
8452
05:22:28,558 --> 05:22:29,558
to talk more specifically about how we
8453
05:22:30,718 --> 05:22:31,718
connect them that's this stuff right
8454
05:22:33,200 --> 05:22:34,200
here
8455
05:22:34,080 --> 05:22:35,080
or in the case of usb drives that's the
8456
05:22:36,160 --> 05:22:37,160
usb thing right here there are some
8457
05:22:38,080 --> 05:22:39,080
specific considerations that we have to
8458
05:22:39,840 --> 05:22:40,840
take into account and although we've
8459
05:22:41,600 --> 05:22:42,600
seen all of these names before that i'm
8460
05:22:43,360 --> 05:22:44,360
about to show you
8461
05:22:44,958 --> 05:22:45,958
we haven't talked in depth about them as
8462
05:22:46,718 --> 05:22:47,718
much as i'd like and so i want to review
8463
05:22:48,320 --> 05:22:49,320
them and talk more in specific about
8464
05:22:50,080 --> 05:22:51,080
them so the first one we're going to
8465
05:22:51,280 --> 05:22:52,280
talk about is peda or parallel ata we'll
8466
05:22:53,920 --> 05:22:54,920
then follow that up with sata serial ata
8467
05:22:56,958 --> 05:22:57,958
scuzzy which has some very specific
8468
05:22:59,040 --> 05:23:00,040
considerations we need to pay attention
8469
05:23:00,638 --> 05:23:01,638
to and then i want to briefly talk about
8470
05:23:02,958 --> 05:23:03,958
network uh attached storage devices that
8471
05:23:05,360 --> 05:23:06,360
we can attach
8472
05:23:07,200 --> 05:23:08,200
for storage directly to our networks
8473
05:23:09,440 --> 05:23:10,440
rather than directly to our computers
8474
05:23:11,120 --> 05:23:12,120
and we'll come back to that when we deal
8475
05:23:12,400 --> 05:23:13,400
with networking in general
8476
05:23:14,480 --> 05:23:15,480
all right so uh the first thing i wanted
8477
05:23:16,558 --> 05:23:17,558
to show you is this image which
8478
05:23:18,160 --> 05:23:19,160
describes shows you the internal bays of
8479
05:23:20,878 --> 05:23:21,878
a computer now recall that with the five
8480
05:23:23,040 --> 05:23:24,040
and a quarter drive bays
8481
05:23:24,878 --> 05:23:25,878
those were specifically sort of we
8482
05:23:26,718 --> 05:23:27,718
brought those up with the optical
8483
05:23:29,440 --> 05:23:30,440
drives and the three and a half
8484
05:23:32,558 --> 05:23:33,558
inch bays
8485
05:23:33,840 --> 05:23:34,840
we saw
8486
05:23:36,160 --> 05:23:37,160
with hard drives
8487
05:23:39,200 --> 05:23:40,200
and also uh floppy drives
8488
05:23:42,958 --> 05:23:43,958
now uh these right here these drives
8489
05:23:46,000 --> 05:23:47,000
these are all three and a quarter by the
8490
05:23:47,360 --> 05:23:48,360
way all of these you'll see there's a
8491
05:23:49,280 --> 05:23:50,280
ton of them which would probably mean
8492
05:23:50,958 --> 05:23:51,958
this power supply is pretty large right
8493
05:23:54,000 --> 05:23:55,000
and we'll talk about that in the next
8494
05:23:55,440 --> 05:23:56,440
series of videos
8495
05:23:57,120 --> 05:23:58,120
these right here
8496
05:23:58,718 --> 05:23:59,718
you'll notice that it has these sort of
8497
05:24:00,240 --> 05:24:01,240
little things you could put a screw in
8498
05:24:01,680 --> 05:24:02,680
and then you could sort of move it back
8499
05:24:03,040 --> 05:24:04,040
and forth that tells me that probably at
8500
05:24:05,040 --> 05:24:06,040
the front here is a is a plastic bay we
8501
05:24:07,200 --> 05:24:08,200
can take out so this is where your
8502
05:24:09,200 --> 05:24:10,200
floppy drives would probably go
8503
05:24:11,440 --> 05:24:12,440
look there's room for two or uh if we're
8504
05:24:14,160 --> 05:24:15,160
talking really old a zip drive if you
8505
05:24:15,840 --> 05:24:16,840
recall what those were um and then below
8506
05:24:18,080 --> 05:24:19,080
that we have uh drives for hard drives
8507
05:24:20,958 --> 05:24:21,958
base for hard drives i should say
8508
05:24:22,400 --> 05:24:23,400
there's probably nothing on the front
8509
05:24:23,840 --> 05:24:24,840
that allows us to sort of expose those
8510
05:24:26,240 --> 05:24:27,240
because we don't need to see them right
8511
05:24:28,160 --> 05:24:29,160
up here the three and a quarter you can
8512
05:24:29,680 --> 05:24:30,680
um five and a quarter rather you see
8513
05:24:31,440 --> 05:24:32,440
they all have these sort of uh things
8514
05:24:34,558 --> 05:24:35,558
right and that would mean i can you know
8515
05:24:37,520 --> 05:24:38,520
show my cd drive my cd right or whatever
8516
05:24:40,080 --> 05:24:41,080
out front i don't know why you need that
8517
05:24:41,920 --> 05:24:42,920
many but i'm sure there are reasons
8518
05:24:44,400 --> 05:24:45,400
all right so i just wanted to show you
8519
05:24:45,520 --> 05:24:46,520
that so you had a visual of what we were
8520
05:24:46,798 --> 05:24:47,798
talking about earlier
8521
05:24:48,320 --> 05:24:49,320
um let's talk about peda so paid apparel
8522
05:24:51,760 --> 05:24:52,760
ata as we recall connects via this 40
8523
05:24:55,040 --> 05:24:56,040
pin
8524
05:24:56,000 --> 05:24:57,000
data connector all right so that's
8525
05:24:57,520 --> 05:24:58,520
really important to remember now
8526
05:24:59,680 --> 05:25:00,680
distinguish that between the 34 pin
8527
05:25:03,120 --> 05:25:04,120
floppy disk connector that was
8528
05:25:07,680 --> 05:25:08,680
uh with that had a twist in it if you
8529
05:25:10,000 --> 05:25:11,000
recall it had a little twist in it right
8530
05:25:11,360 --> 05:25:12,360
this one doesn't okay one thing i also
8531
05:25:13,840 --> 05:25:14,840
want you to notice is this little red
8532
05:25:16,638 --> 05:25:17,638
strip right here that red strip always
8533
05:25:18,798 --> 05:25:19,798
points inside on just about every device
8534
05:25:22,000 --> 05:25:23,000
paid a device and also in floppy disk
8535
05:25:23,760 --> 05:25:24,760
drives as well all right uh so that's
8536
05:25:25,920 --> 05:25:26,920
the data connector uh and the real
8537
05:25:28,320 --> 05:25:29,320
important thing just to know about that
8538
05:25:29,840 --> 05:25:30,840
is that the connector it's 40 pins it
8539
05:25:31,920 --> 05:25:32,920
can only go in one way you see there's a
8540
05:25:33,440 --> 05:25:34,440
little pin missing here that's to key it
8541
05:25:36,400 --> 05:25:37,400
there's also keying right here and
8542
05:25:38,480 --> 05:25:39,480
there's actually a little lip up here i
8543
05:25:40,000 --> 05:25:41,000
don't know if you can see to make sure
8544
05:25:41,440 --> 05:25:42,440
this goes in the right way obviously if
8545
05:25:43,200 --> 05:25:44,200
i turn this over it's not going to
8546
05:25:44,878 --> 05:25:45,878
connect properly i'm not going to get
8547
05:25:46,080 --> 05:25:47,080
any data out of it next to that you have
8548
05:25:48,878 --> 05:25:49,878
these jumpers
8549
05:25:50,878 --> 05:25:51,878
we'll talk more about those jumpers in
8550
05:25:52,320 --> 05:25:53,320
just a minute those are very important
8551
05:25:54,400 --> 05:25:55,400
for the test and actually we're very
8552
05:25:55,760 --> 05:25:56,760
important when we're installing peda or
8553
05:25:57,840 --> 05:25:58,840
ide devices
8554
05:25:59,680 --> 05:26:00,680
and next to that we have the power
8555
05:26:01,040 --> 05:26:02,040
connector which we'll also discuss in
8556
05:26:02,400 --> 05:26:03,400
one second okay so here are the ide data
8557
05:26:05,520 --> 05:26:06,520
cords you'll notice uh again just like
8558
05:26:07,920 --> 05:26:08,920
the one pin missing on the drive here
8559
05:26:11,200 --> 05:26:12,200
is
8560
05:26:12,160 --> 05:26:13,160
sort of
8561
05:26:13,120 --> 05:26:14,120
closed in area
8562
05:26:16,240 --> 05:26:17,240
on these chords these chords are
8563
05:26:18,000 --> 05:26:19,000
actually a bit older you can see that
8564
05:26:19,520 --> 05:26:20,520
they don't have that closed in chord
8565
05:26:21,440 --> 05:26:22,440
however they are keyed on the top
8566
05:26:23,680 --> 05:26:24,680
um the fact that these are different
8567
05:26:25,200 --> 05:26:26,200
colors really doesn't matter a whole lot
8568
05:26:28,160 --> 05:26:29,160
they might have to do with whether or
8569
05:26:29,440 --> 05:26:30,440
not this cable is called a cable select
8570
05:26:31,280 --> 05:26:32,280
cable which we can talk about in just a
8571
05:26:33,040 --> 05:26:34,040
bit
8572
05:26:34,320 --> 05:26:35,320
but the important thing to realize here
8573
05:26:36,638 --> 05:26:37,638
is that there are two
8574
05:26:41,040 --> 05:26:42,040
connectors per cable for devices so this
8575
05:26:44,400 --> 05:26:45,400
one right here for instance and this one
8576
05:26:46,638 --> 05:26:47,638
which you can tell is a slightly grayer
8577
05:26:48,878 --> 05:26:49,878
color these two look more black those
8578
05:26:50,718 --> 05:26:51,718
are for connecting to the motherboard
8579
05:26:53,520 --> 05:26:54,520
so those would connect to the
8580
05:26:54,718 --> 05:26:55,718
motherboard which would have
8581
05:26:57,360 --> 05:26:58,360
generally speaking
8582
05:27:02,958 --> 05:27:03,958
two of these slots
8583
05:27:04,480 --> 05:27:05,480
and that allows me then to connect two
8584
05:27:06,558 --> 05:27:07,558
devices into each of those slots so that
8585
05:27:09,520 --> 05:27:10,520
makes for a total of if you've been
8586
05:27:10,798 --> 05:27:11,798
doing the math
8587
05:27:12,240 --> 05:27:13,240
four devices
8588
05:27:14,878 --> 05:27:15,878
per motherboard so i'm limited in the
8589
05:27:17,120 --> 05:27:18,120
amount of paid devices or the ide
8590
05:27:19,120 --> 05:27:20,120
devices remember we use those sort of
8591
05:27:20,638 --> 05:27:21,638
interchangeably that i could plug into
8592
05:27:22,480 --> 05:27:23,480
the motherboard now that doesn't mean
8593
05:27:24,480 --> 05:27:25,480
that that's all i can have in the system
8594
05:27:26,480 --> 05:27:27,480
the way you would add one to the system
8595
05:27:28,240 --> 05:27:29,240
is actually you would get what's called
8596
05:27:29,840 --> 05:27:30,840
a
8597
05:27:30,798 --> 05:27:31,798
uh
8598
05:27:33,920 --> 05:27:34,920
a controller card and you would plug
8599
05:27:35,840 --> 05:27:36,840
that into like a pci slot
8600
05:27:38,558 --> 05:27:39,558
that would then contain
8601
05:27:40,638 --> 05:27:41,638
two more slots which could have four
8602
05:27:42,320 --> 05:27:43,320
more devices so that's how you would
8603
05:27:44,000 --> 05:27:45,000
upgrade passport devices but what's
8604
05:27:46,160 --> 05:27:47,160
important here is that each device
8605
05:27:49,920 --> 05:27:50,920
rather each cord which stands for one
8606
05:27:52,240 --> 05:27:53,240
channel so each of these is one channel
8607
05:27:54,558 --> 05:27:55,558
plugging up into the motherboard can
8608
05:27:56,080 --> 05:27:57,080
have two devices on it and so we're
8609
05:27:58,320 --> 05:27:59,320
going to need to tell the computer which
8610
05:27:59,840 --> 05:28:00,840
device to access first which is the most
8611
05:28:02,400 --> 05:28:03,400
important device that's where those
8612
05:28:04,080 --> 05:28:05,080
jumpers come in and we'll talk about
8613
05:28:05,440 --> 05:28:06,440
those in just a minute
8614
05:28:07,520 --> 05:28:08,520
you'll also notice this the pink or the
8615
05:28:10,000 --> 05:28:11,000
red on the outside
8616
05:28:12,000 --> 05:28:13,000
always facing on the inside of the drive
8617
05:28:15,120 --> 05:28:16,120
and you can still see
8618
05:28:17,040 --> 05:28:18,040
all the keying
8619
05:28:21,200 --> 05:28:22,200
so here's the molex power connector
8620
05:28:25,200 --> 05:28:26,200
this is for pata so you see molex
8621
05:28:28,480 --> 05:28:29,480
that's the pay to power connector
8622
05:28:30,878 --> 05:28:31,878
eight cords in there
8623
05:28:33,840 --> 05:28:34,840
voltages range
8624
05:28:35,680 --> 05:28:36,680
from 3.3 volts
8625
05:28:38,240 --> 05:28:39,240
to 12 volts
8626
05:28:40,000 --> 05:28:41,000
actually there are three voltages you're
8627
05:28:41,360 --> 05:28:42,360
going to see in the system in general
8628
05:28:42,638 --> 05:28:43,638
3.3
8629
05:28:43,920 --> 05:28:44,920
5.5 and 12 volts those are important
8630
05:28:46,160 --> 05:28:47,160
numbers to remember all right so this po
8631
05:28:49,280 --> 05:28:50,280
molex the only thing it's really used
8632
05:28:51,360 --> 05:28:52,360
for ever nowadays is for a peda device
8633
05:28:55,520 --> 05:28:56,520
all right so let's get into these
8634
05:28:56,878 --> 05:28:57,878
jumpers
8635
05:28:58,400 --> 05:28:59,400
right here you'll see it looks like
8636
05:29:00,558 --> 05:29:01,558
there are and i'm just going to draw a
8637
05:29:02,240 --> 05:29:03,240
representation of it right here
8638
05:29:06,400 --> 05:29:07,400
a few pins
8639
05:29:08,000 --> 05:29:09,000
and these pins
8640
05:29:09,840 --> 05:29:10,840
tell the hard drive where it is in
8641
05:29:13,280 --> 05:29:14,280
relation to the other devices on the
8642
05:29:14,638 --> 05:29:15,638
computer
8643
05:29:16,558 --> 05:29:17,558
the computer has
8644
05:29:18,000 --> 05:29:19,000
on each channel could have up to two
8645
05:29:19,600 --> 05:29:20,600
devices and needs to know which device
8646
05:29:21,920 --> 05:29:22,920
is more important
8647
05:29:23,600 --> 05:29:24,600
so you'll see this on hard drives you'll
8648
05:29:24,958 --> 05:29:25,958
also see this on cd drives it's a little
8649
05:29:26,558 --> 05:29:27,558
more complicated with hard drives here's
8650
05:29:28,080 --> 05:29:29,080
the reason why
8651
05:29:29,360 --> 05:29:30,360
it needs to know the computer needs you
8652
05:29:31,360 --> 05:29:32,360
to tell this hard drive manually whether
8653
05:29:34,000 --> 05:29:35,000
it is the master or the slave and those
8654
05:29:36,400 --> 05:29:37,400
words obviously have a lot of
8655
05:29:37,760 --> 05:29:38,760
connotations that we don't like so in
8656
05:29:39,760 --> 05:29:40,760
some cases you'll see primary and
8657
05:29:41,280 --> 05:29:42,280
secondary however on the test you might
8658
05:29:43,360 --> 05:29:44,360
see them referred to as master and slave
8659
05:29:45,120 --> 05:29:46,120
so which is the master hard drive and
8660
05:29:47,120 --> 05:29:48,120
which is the slave hard drive
8661
05:29:49,200 --> 05:29:50,200
when it is a master hard drive you even
8662
05:29:51,440 --> 05:29:52,440
need to tell it whether it is by itself
8663
05:29:54,798 --> 05:29:55,798
on the cord because remember there could
8664
05:29:56,160 --> 05:29:57,160
be up to two devices or whether it's the
8665
05:29:58,000 --> 05:29:59,000
master with a slave and the way you do
8666
05:30:00,320 --> 05:30:01,320
this
8667
05:30:01,680 --> 05:30:02,680
is there might be something as simple
8668
05:30:05,040 --> 05:30:06,040
so we're gonna try to draw these
8669
05:30:09,760 --> 05:30:10,760
as a little label up there that says ms
8670
05:30:12,240 --> 05:30:13,240
and cs
8671
05:30:13,440 --> 05:30:14,440
meaning master slave and cable select
8672
05:30:15,280 --> 05:30:16,280
i'll talk about cable select in just one
8673
05:30:16,878 --> 05:30:17,878
second
8674
05:30:18,000 --> 05:30:19,000
so if it is the master on the device i'd
8675
05:30:20,320 --> 05:30:21,320
put the jumper on the master rather if
8676
05:30:22,000 --> 05:30:23,000
it's the master on the channel i put the
8677
05:30:23,360 --> 05:30:24,360
jumper on the master so i would close
8678
05:30:25,440 --> 05:30:26,440
these off
8679
05:30:26,480 --> 05:30:27,480
and then the device knows oh look
8680
05:30:28,958 --> 05:30:29,958
i'm the master on this if it was the
8681
05:30:31,440 --> 05:30:32,440
slave i'd put it on the slave you can
8682
05:30:33,200 --> 05:30:34,200
only be one you can you can only be the
8683
05:30:35,120 --> 05:30:36,120
master or the slave so it's not worrying
8684
05:30:36,718 --> 05:30:37,718
about either now this is a really
8685
05:30:38,718 --> 05:30:39,718
simplistic view sometimes what you'll
8686
05:30:40,798 --> 05:30:41,798
see
8687
05:30:41,680 --> 05:30:42,680
if i had let's say all of this
8688
05:30:44,958 --> 05:30:45,958
is it might say something like you know
8689
05:30:48,240 --> 05:30:49,240
single master meaning it is the only
8690
05:30:52,558 --> 05:30:53,558
device on the ide channel
8691
05:30:55,360 --> 05:30:56,360
uh has a jump ring like
8692
05:30:58,240 --> 05:30:59,240
this
8693
05:30:59,040 --> 05:31:00,040
and then it might say you know master
8694
05:31:02,320 --> 05:31:03,320
with
8695
05:31:03,680 --> 05:31:04,680
a slave
8696
05:31:05,360 --> 05:31:06,360
and it would look something and i'm just
8697
05:31:08,000 --> 05:31:09,000
again these change that one might look
8698
05:31:10,240 --> 05:31:11,240
something
8699
05:31:12,000 --> 05:31:13,000
like this okay so you really want to pay
8700
05:31:14,718 --> 05:31:15,718
attention to this if you're installing
8701
05:31:16,080 --> 05:31:17,080
these paid devices that you're making
8702
05:31:17,600 --> 05:31:18,600
sure to jump jumper these correctly
8703
05:31:20,160 --> 05:31:21,160
now if it is the slave device you need
8704
05:31:22,558 --> 05:31:23,558
to tell it it's the slave device if it's
8705
05:31:24,000 --> 05:31:25,000
a slave device it's never by itself so
8706
05:31:26,240 --> 05:31:27,240
that's not something you really need to
8707
05:31:27,280 --> 05:31:28,280
worry about
8708
05:31:29,120 --> 05:31:30,120
um and again this is the mo this is
8709
05:31:31,120 --> 05:31:32,120
important it will come up on the test
8710
05:31:32,400 --> 05:31:33,400
and this only applies
8711
05:31:34,320 --> 05:31:35,320
to pata
8712
05:31:37,040 --> 05:31:38,040
all right you're not going to see this
8713
05:31:38,240 --> 05:31:39,240
with sata because of the way sata works
8714
05:31:40,878 --> 05:31:41,878
and we'll talk about that in a second
8715
05:31:42,798 --> 05:31:43,798
generally you will see this guide
8716
05:31:45,760 --> 05:31:46,760
if there is one you'll either see sort
8717
05:31:47,360 --> 05:31:48,360
of imprints
8718
05:31:48,638 --> 05:31:49,638
here
8719
05:31:49,840 --> 05:31:50,840
etc uh
8720
05:31:51,760 --> 05:31:52,760
for
8721
05:31:52,718 --> 05:31:53,718
optical drives you usually see it there
8722
05:31:54,480 --> 05:31:55,480
for hard drives it's generally up here
8723
05:31:58,160 --> 05:31:59,160
on the top you might even be able to
8724
05:31:59,600 --> 05:32:00,600
make it out i think there's a couple
8725
05:32:00,638 --> 05:32:01,638
hard drives later on i can point that
8726
05:32:02,080 --> 05:32:03,080
out to you okay
8727
05:32:03,760 --> 05:32:04,760
cable select
8728
05:32:05,520 --> 05:32:06,520
tells the computer that the cable is
8729
05:32:07,520 --> 05:32:08,520
going to select which device is which
8730
05:32:09,600 --> 05:32:10,600
and it does that based on the where
8731
05:32:11,760 --> 05:32:12,760
where it is placed on the cord so if
8732
05:32:14,400 --> 05:32:15,400
it's the middle you know if it's the top
8733
05:32:15,920 --> 05:32:16,920
device it's the master if it's the
8734
05:32:17,120 --> 05:32:18,120
middle device it's the slave that
8735
05:32:18,718 --> 05:32:19,718
sometimes changes based on the cord uh i
8736
05:32:21,360 --> 05:32:22,360
usually don't rely on that because i
8737
05:32:22,958 --> 05:32:23,958
prefer to do it myself but you can make
8738
05:32:25,600 --> 05:32:26,600
sure it's cable select
8739
05:32:27,520 --> 05:32:28,520
and then based on the cord type uh it
8740
05:32:30,320 --> 05:32:31,320
will determine the computer will
8741
05:32:31,680 --> 05:32:32,680
automatically know which is which i
8742
05:32:33,600 --> 05:32:34,600
think the actually the middle is
8743
05:32:35,440 --> 05:32:36,440
generally the master because it's closer
8744
05:32:37,600 --> 05:32:38,600
and the top the furthest is going to be
8745
05:32:39,440 --> 05:32:40,440
the slave again
8746
05:32:41,520 --> 05:32:42,520
not something you'll need to worry about
8747
05:32:42,798 --> 05:32:43,798
this in other words because there's not
8748
05:32:45,040 --> 05:32:46,040
another cord going out from it
8749
05:32:47,360 --> 05:32:48,360
right this is probably would be like the
8750
05:32:49,280 --> 05:32:50,280
slave cord okay
8751
05:32:52,080 --> 05:32:53,080
so that is only if you select cable
8752
05:32:54,000 --> 05:32:55,000
select and in that case you would have
8753
05:32:55,440 --> 05:32:56,440
to jumper every device on that system to
8754
05:32:57,920 --> 05:32:58,920
cable select so again the main thing
8755
05:33:00,718 --> 05:33:01,718
with paid is you need to make sure these
8756
05:33:02,480 --> 05:33:03,480
jumpers are correct if it's by itself it
8757
05:33:04,638 --> 05:33:05,638
needs to be told you're a master by
8758
05:33:06,080 --> 05:33:07,080
yourself if it's with another device you
8759
05:33:08,558 --> 05:33:09,558
need it needs to be told either it is a
8760
05:33:10,240 --> 05:33:11,240
slave or it is a master on a dual
8761
05:33:12,480 --> 05:33:13,480
configuration and that is all done via
8762
05:33:14,798 --> 05:33:15,798
the jumpers
8763
05:33:18,080 --> 05:33:19,080
i want to point out that this is an
8764
05:33:19,440 --> 05:33:20,440
external beta the way you know it's a
8765
05:33:21,120 --> 05:33:22,120
pata it'll tell you
8766
05:33:23,120 --> 05:33:24,120
it'll probably be in the packaging this
8767
05:33:24,558 --> 05:33:25,558
is a paid a device and in this case this
8768
05:33:27,200 --> 05:33:28,200
is uh connected by a usb so you would
8769
05:33:29,840 --> 05:33:30,840
plug this in the reason there are three
8770
05:33:32,000 --> 05:33:33,000
usbs one to plug into the back although
8771
05:33:34,240 --> 05:33:35,240
uh generally you'll have a mini usb
8772
05:33:36,080 --> 05:33:37,080
which is a lot smaller plugging into the
8773
05:33:37,440 --> 05:33:38,440
back and there's two because this looks
8774
05:33:39,280 --> 05:33:40,280
like a portable and rather than have a
8775
05:33:41,280 --> 05:33:42,280
plug that's going to plug into the wall
8776
05:33:42,638 --> 05:33:43,638
to power the paid device
8777
05:33:45,040 --> 05:33:46,040
it's actually going to use usb uh to
8778
05:33:48,480 --> 05:33:49,480
power it so you plug it into two usb
8779
05:33:50,320 --> 05:33:51,320
ports on your computer those can provide
8780
05:33:52,400 --> 05:33:53,400
power as well as data and one extra one
8781
05:33:55,200 --> 05:33:56,200
to provide extra power to make sure that
8782
05:33:57,200 --> 05:33:58,200
the device runs properly so just to
8783
05:33:59,520 --> 05:34:00,520
point out that the external beta uh
8784
05:34:02,080 --> 05:34:03,080
generally plugged up by a usb or
8785
05:34:04,638 --> 05:34:05,638
ieee 1394 otherwise known as
8786
05:34:09,040 --> 05:34:10,040
firewire because these are external
8787
05:34:11,200 --> 05:34:12,200
there are no jumpers okay so there are
8788
05:34:14,080 --> 05:34:15,080
no jumpers in external devices
8789
05:34:16,878 --> 05:34:17,878
that is only for internal
8790
05:34:21,200 --> 05:34:22,200
okay so now we've just talked about peda
8791
05:34:23,040 --> 05:34:24,040
again the most important thing to
8792
05:34:24,480 --> 05:34:25,480
remember about peda other than that 40
8793
05:34:27,120 --> 05:34:28,120
pin
8794
05:34:28,320 --> 05:34:29,320
data cable
8795
05:34:30,718 --> 05:34:31,718
and the molex power cable
8796
05:34:33,200 --> 05:34:34,200
is the fact that it has jumpers and you
8797
05:34:35,680 --> 05:34:36,680
need to tell it whether it's going to be
8798
05:34:37,600 --> 05:34:38,600
a master
8799
05:34:39,840 --> 05:34:40,840
a slave
8800
05:34:42,638 --> 05:34:43,638
or cable select right which then the
8801
05:34:45,040 --> 05:34:46,040
cable determines uh which is the master
8802
05:34:47,360 --> 05:34:48,360
in the slave generally speaking by the
8803
05:34:49,040 --> 05:34:50,040
way your master you want it to be the
8804
05:34:51,280 --> 05:34:52,280
primary
8805
05:34:52,558 --> 05:34:53,558
device so if you have your operating
8806
05:34:54,080 --> 05:34:55,080
system on something you probably want to
8807
05:34:55,440 --> 05:34:56,440
put that on the master it's also better
8808
05:34:57,440 --> 05:34:58,440
to have to use both channels
8809
05:35:00,000 --> 05:35:01,000
before you use one so if i have just a
8810
05:35:02,638 --> 05:35:03,638
hard drive and a cd drive i probably
8811
05:35:04,958 --> 05:35:05,958
want to make sure i have the hard drive
8812
05:35:06,798 --> 05:35:07,798
on one channel the cd drive on the other
8813
05:35:08,638 --> 05:35:09,638
then if i buy another device i can add
8814
05:35:10,558 --> 05:35:11,558
it to another uh probably add it to the
8815
05:35:12,480 --> 05:35:13,480
cd one first
8816
05:35:14,480 --> 05:35:15,480
because i want to give access to my hard
8817
05:35:16,080 --> 05:35:17,080
drive i want to sort of give that as
8818
05:35:17,520 --> 05:35:18,520
much access as possible
8819
05:35:19,520 --> 05:35:20,520
all right sata sata is slightly
8820
05:35:21,920 --> 05:35:22,920
different now you'll notice actually
8821
05:35:23,120 --> 05:35:24,120
there is a molex connector on this sata
8822
05:35:25,200 --> 05:35:26,200
device and actually right here you can
8823
05:35:27,360 --> 05:35:28,360
sort of see i don't know if you can make
8824
05:35:28,878 --> 05:35:29,878
it up
8825
05:35:30,638 --> 05:35:31,638
some jump ring all right and there are
8826
05:35:32,718 --> 05:35:33,718
jumpers so you can see some jump ring
8827
05:35:34,400 --> 05:35:35,400
that's because uh
8828
05:35:36,160 --> 05:35:37,160
there's probably a way to connect this
8829
05:35:37,680 --> 05:35:38,680
device through a peda um
8830
05:35:40,558 --> 05:35:41,558
sort of setup or an old sort of setup
8831
05:35:42,798 --> 05:35:43,798
but it is a serial ata so you're
8832
05:35:44,878 --> 05:35:45,878
probably not going to use that it might
8833
05:35:46,080 --> 05:35:47,080
have also in case the device itself
8834
05:35:48,718 --> 05:35:49,718
in case the
8835
05:35:50,080 --> 05:35:51,080
power supply did not have
8836
05:35:52,160 --> 05:35:53,160
a
8837
05:35:53,200 --> 05:35:54,200
sata connector you could plug it up
8838
05:35:55,920 --> 05:35:56,920
by the old molex
8839
05:35:58,080 --> 05:35:59,080
all right in this case there are no
8840
05:35:59,520 --> 05:36:00,520
jumpers though generally sata does not
8841
05:36:02,080 --> 05:36:03,080
need jumpers the reason being
8842
05:36:04,480 --> 05:36:05,480
if we look at the cord for a second this
8843
05:36:06,480 --> 05:36:07,480
data cord only allows one device per
8844
05:36:09,200 --> 05:36:10,200
channel so this data cord plugs in the
8845
05:36:11,280 --> 05:36:12,280
other end directly to the motherboard or
8846
05:36:13,040 --> 05:36:14,040
the controller
8847
05:36:14,320 --> 05:36:15,320
something cool to know i can run paid to
8848
05:36:17,040 --> 05:36:18,040
devices and sata devices concurrently so
8849
05:36:19,200 --> 05:36:20,200
you can have let's say four pata devices
8850
05:36:20,878 --> 05:36:21,878
and four sata devices on your system
8851
05:36:23,120 --> 05:36:24,120
making for a total of eight they won't
8852
05:36:24,958 --> 05:36:25,958
run against each other but you only have
8853
05:36:27,360 --> 05:36:28,360
one device
8854
05:36:28,718 --> 05:36:29,718
on sata per channel
8855
05:36:30,558 --> 05:36:31,558
so the cord goes directly into the
8856
05:36:32,240 --> 05:36:33,240
motherboard this allows it to have
8857
05:36:33,920 --> 05:36:34,920
direct contact it because they're
8858
05:36:36,558 --> 05:36:37,558
smaller they don't they're not worried
8859
05:36:37,920 --> 05:36:38,920
so much about the space it takes those
8860
05:36:39,440 --> 05:36:40,440
pedas were quite a deal bigger
8861
05:36:41,520 --> 05:36:42,520
so uh that's no longer a problem
8862
05:36:44,798 --> 05:36:45,798
however if you only have four slots on
8863
05:36:46,798 --> 05:36:47,798
your computer that's all you're limited
8864
05:36:48,160 --> 05:36:49,160
to again you can install a controller
8865
05:36:49,760 --> 05:36:50,760
card to fix that
8866
05:36:53,440 --> 05:36:54,440
here's the sata power cord a bit wider
8867
05:36:56,638 --> 05:36:57,638
you remember if we go back just for a
8868
05:36:58,240 --> 05:36:59,240
second and look at the hard drive you
8869
05:37:00,240 --> 05:37:01,240
can see here would be the data and this
8870
05:37:02,878 --> 05:37:03,878
would be power
8871
05:37:08,000 --> 05:37:09,000
all right again it is called a
8872
05:37:10,958 --> 05:37:11,958
sata powered cord
8873
05:37:13,600 --> 05:37:14,600
and that is specifically for a sata
8874
05:37:15,760 --> 05:37:16,760
device so the name with uh sata is
8875
05:37:18,480 --> 05:37:19,480
pretty easy it's all sata named so it's
8876
05:37:20,878 --> 05:37:21,878
a sata data cord which is a seven pin
8877
05:37:23,280 --> 05:37:24,280
and it's a sata power cord as well
8878
05:37:27,680 --> 05:37:28,680
external sata uh you can plug this up
8879
05:37:30,638 --> 05:37:31,638
through usb this is actually a mini usb
8880
05:37:32,480 --> 05:37:33,480
connector and it looks like here's some
8881
05:37:34,400 --> 05:37:35,400
power connectors however this thing
8882
05:37:36,638 --> 05:37:37,638
right here is for something called
8883
05:37:39,360 --> 05:37:40,360
eseta we talked about that when we
8884
05:37:41,120 --> 05:37:42,120
talked about motherboards but this just
8885
05:37:42,958 --> 05:37:43,958
allows you to plug up a sata device
8886
05:37:47,120 --> 05:37:48,120
via
8887
05:37:49,280 --> 05:37:50,280
uh esata external
8888
05:37:52,400 --> 05:37:53,400
sata connector and actually this thing
8889
05:37:54,400 --> 05:37:55,400
is a bay so what would happen is this
8890
05:37:56,240 --> 05:37:57,240
hard drive was actually made for an
8891
05:37:57,840 --> 05:37:58,840
internal device it's three and a half
8892
05:37:59,680 --> 05:38:00,680
inches uh it would plug into this
8893
05:38:02,080 --> 05:38:03,080
external device which then converts it
8894
05:38:04,000 --> 05:38:05,000
to allow an esata connection so
8895
05:38:06,798 --> 05:38:07,798
again e sata it would take the
8896
05:38:09,280 --> 05:38:10,280
data just like internal sata uses the
8897
05:38:11,440 --> 05:38:12,440
same configurations just slightly
8898
05:38:13,680 --> 05:38:14,680
different chords uh on the outside
8899
05:38:17,120 --> 05:38:18,120
but the important thing to remember with
8900
05:38:18,400 --> 05:38:19,400
sata
8901
05:38:19,520 --> 05:38:20,520
one per channel let me write that out
8902
05:38:25,520 --> 05:38:26,520
they don't piggyback
8903
05:38:27,200 --> 05:38:28,200
and you don't have more than one per
8904
05:38:28,558 --> 05:38:29,558
channel
8905
05:38:29,520 --> 05:38:30,520
and the other thing
8906
05:38:33,680 --> 05:38:34,680
there are no
8907
05:38:34,840 --> 05:38:35,840
jumpers
8908
05:38:36,480 --> 05:38:37,480
all right
8909
05:38:38,320 --> 05:38:39,320
so that takes care of peta and sata now
8910
05:38:40,240 --> 05:38:41,240
let's talk about scuzzy scuzzy has some
8911
05:38:42,400 --> 05:38:43,400
specific um
8912
05:38:44,080 --> 05:38:45,080
uh configuration things we need to be
8913
05:38:46,000 --> 05:38:47,000
aware of
8914
05:38:47,840 --> 05:38:48,840
first off scuzzy has many different form
8915
05:38:50,080 --> 05:38:51,080
factors on the chords as you can see
8916
05:38:51,520 --> 05:38:52,520
these are all scuzzy and they each look
8917
05:38:53,120 --> 05:38:54,120
different so there's no one sort of type
8918
05:38:55,200 --> 05:38:56,200
of scuzzy unlike peda and seda where we
8919
05:38:57,120 --> 05:38:58,120
have that 40 pin in that seven pin all
8920
05:38:59,200 --> 05:39:00,200
right
8921
05:39:00,958 --> 05:39:01,958
here's another version
8922
05:39:03,120 --> 05:39:04,120
an external drive
8923
05:39:05,440 --> 05:39:06,440
and what you see is there's two devices
8924
05:39:07,040 --> 05:39:08,040
now remember i talked about piggybacking
8925
05:39:08,958 --> 05:39:09,958
each of these can hold
8926
05:39:11,040 --> 05:39:12,040
one scuzzy sort of channel can hold sick
8927
05:39:13,760 --> 05:39:14,760
up to 16 devices
8928
05:39:16,080 --> 05:39:17,080
and
8929
05:39:17,360 --> 05:39:18,360
the way this happens is you plug
8930
05:39:19,760 --> 05:39:20,760
one device in and then you have a cord
8931
05:39:22,000 --> 05:39:23,000
going out to the next device and i can
8932
05:39:23,760 --> 05:39:24,760
piggy back up to 16 devices that way uh
8933
05:39:26,480 --> 05:39:27,480
either internal or external so this is
8934
05:39:29,200 --> 05:39:30,200
it just works on chords they're all sort
8935
05:39:31,040 --> 05:39:32,040
of just piggyback on each other the
8936
05:39:32,718 --> 05:39:33,718
reason i don't have any sort of extra
8937
05:39:34,400 --> 05:39:35,400
this actually does have an extra sort of
8938
05:39:36,080 --> 05:39:37,080
power cord however internally these can
8939
05:39:38,718 --> 05:39:39,718
generally run power as well as data okay
8940
05:39:42,000 --> 05:39:43,000
now here's the thing just like with peda
8941
05:39:44,000 --> 05:39:45,000
if i have more than one device on a
8942
05:39:46,400 --> 05:39:47,400
cable i need to tell the computer which
8943
05:39:48,798 --> 05:39:49,798
one gets priority and i need to tell the
8944
05:39:50,320 --> 05:39:51,320
computer which one is which
8945
05:39:52,798 --> 05:39:53,798
that's why it's very important that when
8946
05:39:54,320 --> 05:39:55,320
we're dealing with scuzzy we look at the
8947
05:39:56,558 --> 05:39:57,558
scuzzy bios now here is our regular bios
8948
05:39:59,440 --> 05:40:00,440
and what you'll notice is actually in
8949
05:40:01,280 --> 05:40:02,280
the regular bios we have to make sure
8950
05:40:03,040 --> 05:40:04,040
the scuzzy bios
8951
05:40:05,280 --> 05:40:06,280
is enabled that's because
8952
05:40:08,160 --> 05:40:09,160
obviously the computer is not just
8953
05:40:09,760 --> 05:40:10,760
naturally going to recognize scuzzy in
8954
05:40:12,000 --> 05:40:13,000
all configurations now you'll notice
8955
05:40:13,520 --> 05:40:14,520
that it can actually be disabled right
8956
05:40:15,600 --> 05:40:16,600
here and that's for if i install a
8957
05:40:18,798 --> 05:40:19,798
scuzzy card that has its own bios i
8958
05:40:20,958 --> 05:40:21,958
don't want the uh my computer bios to
8959
05:40:23,280 --> 05:40:24,280
take over but more importantly than just
8960
05:40:25,440 --> 05:40:26,440
the
8961
05:40:26,240 --> 05:40:27,240
our general computer bios and whether or
8962
05:40:28,080 --> 05:40:29,080
not it's going to be enabled with the
8963
05:40:29,280 --> 05:40:30,280
scuzzy bios it is something called iding
8964
05:40:32,320 --> 05:40:33,320
and this is really huge with scuzzy
8965
05:40:34,718 --> 05:40:35,718
um so
8966
05:40:37,360 --> 05:40:38,360
here is
8967
05:40:38,558 --> 05:40:39,558
the scuzzy id
8968
05:40:40,000 --> 05:40:41,000
and you'll notice every device has its
8969
05:40:41,920 --> 05:40:42,920
own scuzzy id right so here's a hard
8970
05:40:44,558 --> 05:40:45,558
drive here's a dvd drive and here's a cd
8971
05:40:47,520 --> 05:40:48,520
drive and each one is given an id
8972
05:40:50,400 --> 05:40:51,400
this is important this is the most
8973
05:40:53,280 --> 05:40:54,280
important thing about scuzzy when it
8974
05:40:55,040 --> 05:40:56,040
comes to the test okay every device must
8975
05:40:57,280 --> 05:40:58,280
have an id
8976
05:40:58,878 --> 05:40:59,878
here's another version and you can see
8977
05:41:00,798 --> 05:41:01,798
in the scuzzy bios they're here uh
8978
05:41:03,760 --> 05:41:04,760
assigning scuzzy ids to each device now
8979
05:41:07,200 --> 05:41:08,200
uh
8980
05:41:08,240 --> 05:41:09,240
notice they don't have to start at 0 and
8981
05:41:10,160 --> 05:41:11,160
go to 15. by the way you can see zero
8982
05:41:12,638 --> 05:41:13,638
215 is a total of 16 devices okay
8983
05:41:19,840 --> 05:41:20,840
but you do have to make sure that every
8984
05:41:21,360 --> 05:41:22,360
device is given an id and you can do
8985
05:41:22,798 --> 05:41:23,798
that either through jumpers or in this
8986
05:41:24,400 --> 05:41:25,400
case
8987
05:41:25,280 --> 05:41:26,280
through the
8988
05:41:27,200 --> 05:41:28,200
utility the bios sort of scuzzy utility
8989
05:41:29,600 --> 05:41:30,600
the other thing you need to make sure to
8990
05:41:31,040 --> 05:41:32,040
do and it's not listed on here but you
8991
05:41:32,958 --> 05:41:33,958
need to tell the last device
8992
05:41:36,240 --> 05:41:37,240
that it is the end so you must give it a
8993
05:41:38,558 --> 05:41:39,558
termination this can sometimes be done
8994
05:41:40,638 --> 05:41:41,638
uh through a bios utility
8995
05:41:42,718 --> 05:41:43,718
in another section of this bios the
8996
05:41:45,200 --> 05:41:46,200
other place it could be done is on
8997
05:41:46,878 --> 05:41:47,878
jumpers on sort of depending on the
8998
05:41:49,040 --> 05:41:50,040
configuration but the important thing
8999
05:41:51,280 --> 05:41:52,280
you must remember here every device must
9000
05:41:53,600 --> 05:41:54,600
be given an id
9001
05:41:55,440 --> 05:41:56,440
and the last device on the chain must be
9002
05:41:58,240 --> 05:41:59,240
terminated those are the two important
9003
05:42:00,160 --> 05:42:01,160
things to remember when it comes to
9004
05:42:01,280 --> 05:42:02,280
scuzzy all right so now we've talked
9005
05:42:03,280 --> 05:42:04,280
about scuzzy and again the two things i
9006
05:42:05,120 --> 05:42:06,120
want you to remember with this
9007
05:42:07,200 --> 05:42:08,200
every device must be given an id and the
9008
05:42:09,600 --> 05:42:10,600
last device on the chain
9009
05:42:12,240 --> 05:42:13,240
must be terminated
9010
05:42:16,080 --> 05:42:17,080
and that's because if you imagine every
9011
05:42:17,920 --> 05:42:18,920
device
9012
05:42:19,040 --> 05:42:20,040
right can have an in and then an out and
9013
05:42:21,280 --> 05:42:22,280
it goes to a different device and then
9014
05:42:23,520 --> 05:42:24,520
that one jumps to a different device and
9015
05:42:25,120 --> 05:42:26,120
we're piggybacking them like so
9016
05:42:28,240 --> 05:42:29,240
the computer's not smart enough to just
9017
05:42:29,600 --> 05:42:30,600
recognize oh this is the last device
9018
05:42:31,680 --> 05:42:32,680
right it needs to be told there's no
9019
05:42:33,520 --> 05:42:34,520
more devices don't keep looking you
9020
05:42:35,920 --> 05:42:36,920
don't have to keep looking because if it
9021
05:42:37,440 --> 05:42:38,440
does it'll actually result in sort of a
9022
05:42:39,280 --> 05:42:40,280
loop and none of these devices will work
9023
05:42:41,280 --> 05:42:42,280
so you always want to make sure to
9024
05:42:43,040 --> 05:42:44,040
terminate
9025
05:42:44,878 --> 05:42:45,878
this last device
9026
05:42:47,200 --> 05:42:48,200
so let's briefly talk about uh network
9027
05:42:49,280 --> 05:42:50,280
attached storage network attached
9028
05:42:51,280 --> 05:42:52,280
storage is represented by this device
9029
05:42:53,520 --> 05:42:54,520
right here and we'll talk more about
9030
05:42:54,958 --> 05:42:55,958
this when we get into networks this
9031
05:42:56,558 --> 05:42:57,558
device although you can't see the back
9032
05:42:58,080 --> 05:42:59,080
on the front you see this usb
9033
05:42:59,840 --> 05:43:00,840
port that's just to configure it but
9034
05:43:01,920 --> 05:43:02,920
really what this is is it fits several
9035
05:43:03,920 --> 05:43:04,920
hard drives inside of here
9036
05:43:07,120 --> 05:43:08,120
just like a sort of mini computer
9037
05:43:08,958 --> 05:43:09,958
there's a motherboard there's a bios
9038
05:43:11,440 --> 05:43:12,440
that tells it to connect directly to the
9039
05:43:13,040 --> 05:43:14,040
network and when this connects directly
9040
05:43:15,200 --> 05:43:16,200
to the network all the other devices on
9041
05:43:17,840 --> 05:43:18,840
the network
9042
05:43:19,840 --> 05:43:20,840
can now map this network drive so rather
9043
05:43:22,558 --> 05:43:23,558
than connecting it to your computer and
9044
05:43:25,360 --> 05:43:26,360
only having access uh on the on your
9045
05:43:27,840 --> 05:43:28,840
specific computer you now have storage
9046
05:43:30,000 --> 05:43:31,000
which instead of just being for your
9047
05:43:31,280 --> 05:43:32,280
computer is for the entire network uh
9048
05:43:33,840 --> 05:43:34,840
again there's probably a ethernet cable
9049
05:43:36,160 --> 05:43:37,160
uh port back here
9050
05:43:38,080 --> 05:43:39,080
or perhaps some of these are even
9051
05:43:39,360 --> 05:43:40,360
connecting wirelessly these days and
9052
05:43:41,200 --> 05:43:42,200
then any computer on your network on
9053
05:43:43,520 --> 05:43:44,520
your local network can connect to this
9054
05:43:45,520 --> 05:43:46,520
device
9055
05:43:47,360 --> 05:43:48,360
we'll talk more about these when we get
9056
05:43:48,878 --> 05:43:49,878
into network plus and a little bit more
9057
05:43:50,958 --> 05:43:51,958
when we're talking about networking in
9058
05:43:52,400 --> 05:43:53,400
the a plus
9059
05:43:53,920 --> 05:43:54,920
all right so we just talked about
9060
05:43:55,280 --> 05:43:56,280
network connections let's just go back
9061
05:43:57,040 --> 05:43:58,040
over what we talked about first we
9062
05:43:58,798 --> 05:43:59,798
talked about paida devices again the 40
9063
05:44:01,760 --> 05:44:02,760
pin data connector
9064
05:44:03,760 --> 05:44:04,760
and the molex power connector a really
9065
05:44:06,878 --> 05:44:07,878
important thing to remember about all of
9066
05:44:08,400 --> 05:44:09,400
these is they must be jumpered
9067
05:44:12,878 --> 05:44:13,878
for either
9068
05:44:14,718 --> 05:44:15,718
master
9069
05:44:17,760 --> 05:44:18,760
or slave
9070
05:44:20,558 --> 05:44:21,558
you can choose to let the cable decide
9071
05:44:23,360 --> 05:44:24,360
which is which using something called
9072
05:44:28,798 --> 05:44:29,798
cable select okay and then you have to
9073
05:44:31,200 --> 05:44:32,200
buy a specific cable uh specifically
9074
05:44:33,200 --> 05:44:34,200
made for that but otherwise you must
9075
05:44:35,120 --> 05:44:36,120
jumper it usually you also have to tell
9076
05:44:36,958 --> 05:44:37,958
it if it is a single
9077
05:44:38,958 --> 05:44:39,958
or a double configuration on the master
9078
05:44:42,480 --> 05:44:43,480
sata if you recall we're dealing with a
9079
05:44:45,280 --> 05:44:46,280
seven pin data
9080
05:44:48,000 --> 05:44:49,000
called a sata data connector
9081
05:44:50,638 --> 05:44:51,638
and then we also have a sata power
9082
05:44:52,320 --> 05:44:53,320
connector so unlike here we have two
9083
05:44:54,480 --> 05:44:55,480
different types of connectors this is
9084
05:44:56,558 --> 05:44:57,558
all the same
9085
05:44:57,760 --> 05:44:58,760
there are no jumpers in this again if
9086
05:45:00,160 --> 05:45:01,160
you recall peda has two devices
9087
05:45:04,638 --> 05:45:05,638
per channel which means two devices per
9088
05:45:06,878 --> 05:45:07,878
cord which is the reason why we need
9089
05:45:09,360 --> 05:45:10,360
these jumpers
9090
05:45:11,200 --> 05:45:12,200
with sata it is one device
9091
05:45:17,760 --> 05:45:18,760
per channel which means each cord is
9092
05:45:20,240 --> 05:45:21,240
only supporting one device so there is
9093
05:45:22,240 --> 05:45:23,240
no need for sort of jumpers
9094
05:45:25,520 --> 05:45:26,520
scuzzy it gets its power generally these
9095
05:45:28,000 --> 05:45:29,000
days power and data through the same
9096
05:45:30,080 --> 05:45:31,080
connector
9097
05:45:31,200 --> 05:45:32,200
uh which
9098
05:45:32,718 --> 05:45:33,718
varies uh they can be external or
9099
05:45:34,958 --> 05:45:35,958
internal the important thing to know
9100
05:45:36,320 --> 05:45:37,320
about scuzzy is you must id each device
9101
05:45:40,080 --> 05:45:41,080
and you must terminate the last device
9102
05:45:43,440 --> 05:45:44,440
in order to avoid a sort of electrical
9103
05:45:45,280 --> 05:45:46,280
loop
9104
05:45:48,160 --> 05:45:49,160
finally we talked about network storage
9105
05:45:50,160 --> 05:45:51,160
a network
9106
05:45:51,280 --> 05:45:52,280
attached storage device which allows uh
9107
05:45:55,520 --> 05:45:56,520
all of your your hard drives in that
9108
05:45:57,440 --> 05:45:58,440
device to be accessed by any computer on
9109
05:46:00,320 --> 05:46:01,320
the network rather than directly
9110
05:46:01,840 --> 05:46:02,840
attaching it
9111
05:46:03,120 --> 05:46:04,120
to your computer
9112
05:46:05,360 --> 05:46:06,360
so now that we've talked about all of
9113
05:46:06,638 --> 05:46:07,638
these devices that we uh
9114
05:46:09,200 --> 05:46:10,200
help the computer run let's speak about
9115
05:46:11,840 --> 05:46:12,840
what really every device needs to allow
9116
05:46:14,718 --> 05:46:15,718
it
9117
05:46:15,760 --> 05:46:16,760
to do what it does which is power the
9118
05:46:17,840 --> 05:46:18,840
fuel so let's get into power supplies
9119
05:46:19,600 --> 05:46:20,600
and talk about electricity
9120
05:46:26,250 --> 05:46:27,250
[Music]
9121
05:46:47,360 --> 05:46:48,360
power
9122
05:46:48,400 --> 05:46:49,400
power basics
9123
05:46:50,240 --> 05:46:51,240
we've now discussed all of the internal
9124
05:46:52,480 --> 05:46:53,480
components of the computer so now we
9125
05:46:54,638 --> 05:46:55,638
have to discuss the fuel that makes the
9126
05:46:56,400 --> 05:46:57,400
computer run which is of course power or
9127
05:47:00,160 --> 05:47:01,160
electricity
9128
05:47:02,878 --> 05:47:03,878
before we can discuss
9129
05:47:05,040 --> 05:47:06,040
power uh as it applies specifically to a
9130
05:47:07,680 --> 05:47:08,680
computer i want to discuss electricity
9131
05:47:10,240 --> 05:47:11,240
and some of what makes it
9132
05:47:12,240 --> 05:47:13,240
run and just so we have a firm basis
9133
05:47:14,718 --> 05:47:15,718
behind electricity and i want to talk
9134
05:47:16,558 --> 05:47:17,558
about some of the problems we encounter
9135
05:47:18,080 --> 05:47:19,080
with electricity in homes and offices
9136
05:47:20,160 --> 05:47:21,160
and things you're going to see on the
9137
05:47:21,120 --> 05:47:22,120
field in other words things that we have
9138
05:47:22,958 --> 05:47:23,958
to overcome as technicians and computer
9139
05:47:25,520 --> 05:47:26,520
users
9140
05:47:27,200 --> 05:47:28,200
so we're going to talk about
9141
05:47:28,718 --> 05:47:29,718
understanding power including terms like
9142
05:47:31,520 --> 05:47:32,520
voltage
9143
05:47:33,040 --> 05:47:34,040
amperage
9144
05:47:34,638 --> 05:47:35,638
wattage
9145
05:47:37,120 --> 05:47:38,120
and impedance
9146
05:47:39,600 --> 05:47:40,600
we're also going to talk about the
9147
05:47:40,718 --> 05:47:41,718
difference between ac and dc and no i'm
9148
05:47:43,440 --> 05:47:44,440
not talking about the band
9149
05:47:45,520 --> 05:47:46,520
what i'm talking about is alternating
9150
05:47:48,160 --> 05:47:49,160
current
9151
05:47:49,440 --> 05:47:50,440
versus direct current and that's a major
9152
05:47:52,320 --> 05:47:53,320
component that's going to play in
9153
05:47:53,360 --> 05:47:54,360
computers and actually all home
9154
05:47:54,558 --> 05:47:55,558
electronics
9155
05:47:56,240 --> 05:47:57,240
i'm also going to talk about power
9156
05:47:57,760 --> 05:47:58,760
issues that we encounter including
9157
05:47:59,680 --> 05:48:00,680
surges
9158
05:48:00,958 --> 05:48:01,958
spikes
9159
05:48:02,400 --> 05:48:03,400
sags
9160
05:48:03,840 --> 05:48:04,840
brownouts
9161
05:48:05,280 --> 05:48:06,280
and blackouts
9162
05:48:06,878 --> 05:48:07,878
all right
9163
05:48:08,000 --> 05:48:09,000
so let's start by talking about voltage
9164
05:48:10,798 --> 05:48:11,798
voltage is the electrical potential
9165
05:48:14,000 --> 05:48:15,000
energy
9166
05:48:14,958 --> 05:48:15,958
it's how much electricity can
9167
05:48:16,798 --> 05:48:17,798
potentially go through a wire
9168
05:48:19,440 --> 05:48:20,440
it's otherwise known as the measure of
9169
05:48:21,920 --> 05:48:22,920
work needed to move a charge
9170
05:48:24,558 --> 05:48:25,558
so here's a charge
9171
05:48:26,240 --> 05:48:27,240
from one place
9172
05:48:28,320 --> 05:48:29,320
to the other
9173
05:48:31,040 --> 05:48:32,040
while
9174
05:48:32,480 --> 05:48:33,480
fighting against the forces that keep
9175
05:48:34,480 --> 05:48:35,480
those charges balanced because don't
9176
05:48:36,558 --> 05:48:37,558
forget and that's divided by those
9177
05:48:38,558 --> 05:48:39,558
forces i'm just going to call that x for
9178
05:48:40,160 --> 05:48:41,160
right now and don't forget because we
9179
05:48:41,680 --> 05:48:42,680
have plus and minus right they're always
9180
05:48:43,920 --> 05:48:44,920
in perfect harmony these electrons and
9181
05:48:46,400 --> 05:48:47,400
what we want is when we're moving
9182
05:48:48,400 --> 05:48:49,400
electricity we need to sort of shake
9183
05:48:50,160 --> 05:48:51,160
this up and as a result we're always
9184
05:48:52,480 --> 05:48:53,480
fighting against the forces that want to
9185
05:48:54,798 --> 05:48:55,798
keep them together
9186
05:48:57,120 --> 05:48:58,120
this could also be referred to therefore
9187
05:48:59,040 --> 05:49:00,040
as tension or pressure and as a result
9188
05:49:02,000 --> 05:49:03,000
of the word pressure let's think of this
9189
05:49:03,520 --> 05:49:04,520
as water pressure going through a tube
9190
05:49:08,160 --> 05:49:09,160
so
9191
05:49:09,120 --> 05:49:10,120
if i have a high voltage if i have a lot
9192
05:49:12,080 --> 05:49:13,080
of pressure behind that water right it's
9193
05:49:14,798 --> 05:49:15,798
gonna i'm gonna get more of it
9194
05:49:17,040 --> 05:49:18,040
in the end a lot faster
9195
05:49:19,280 --> 05:49:20,280
if i
9196
05:49:21,360 --> 05:49:22,360
have
9197
05:49:22,160 --> 05:49:23,160
less pressure then of course i'm going
9198
05:49:24,400 --> 05:49:25,400
to have less
9199
05:49:26,638 --> 05:49:27,638
water going through the pipe
9200
05:49:30,160 --> 05:49:31,160
so in the united states this is probably
9201
05:49:32,480 --> 05:49:33,480
the most important thing on this slide
9202
05:49:34,480 --> 05:49:35,480
in the united states the voltage is
9203
05:49:36,240 --> 05:49:37,240
generally 110
9204
05:49:38,718 --> 05:49:39,718
whereas in europe it generally comes out
9205
05:49:40,878 --> 05:49:41,878
of the walls in 220. this is important
9206
05:49:43,600 --> 05:49:44,600
because we're going to have a lot of
9207
05:49:44,718 --> 05:49:45,718
computers that not only travel between
9208
05:49:46,558 --> 05:49:47,558
the two but that are also sold in these
9209
05:49:48,878 --> 05:49:49,878
two places and so we need to make sure
9210
05:49:51,200 --> 05:49:52,200
to remember this distinction we'll talk
9211
05:49:52,958 --> 05:49:53,958
about it a little bit later
9212
05:49:56,240 --> 05:49:57,240
amperage is different from voltage as
9213
05:49:58,320 --> 05:49:59,320
you probably guessed
9214
05:49:59,760 --> 05:50:00,760
it is the measure of electrical current
9215
05:50:02,320 --> 05:50:03,320
or the amount of electricity that is
9216
05:50:04,558 --> 05:50:05,558
actually flowing
9217
05:50:06,718 --> 05:50:07,718
so
9218
05:50:07,600 --> 05:50:08,600
this would be the amount of water
9219
05:50:10,000 --> 05:50:11,000
flowing through a pipe at any one time
9220
05:50:15,200 --> 05:50:16,200
now the reason that amperage is
9221
05:50:18,080 --> 05:50:19,080
important
9222
05:50:19,280 --> 05:50:20,280
is that
9223
05:50:20,240 --> 05:50:21,240
we use it to calculate wattage that's
9224
05:50:22,638 --> 05:50:23,638
the amount of electrical work that was
9225
05:50:24,958 --> 05:50:25,958
actually achieved in the end
9226
05:50:27,840 --> 05:50:28,840
so this equals the potential energy
9227
05:50:31,680 --> 05:50:32,680
voltage multiplied by
9228
05:50:34,400 --> 05:50:35,400
the amount of electricity
9229
05:50:37,840 --> 05:50:38,840
amperage
9230
05:50:39,040 --> 05:50:40,040
therefore
9231
05:50:40,400 --> 05:50:41,400
watts
9232
05:50:41,600 --> 05:50:42,600
equal voltage
9233
05:50:43,760 --> 05:50:44,760
times
9234
05:50:45,360 --> 05:50:46,360
amperage
9235
05:50:46,718 --> 05:50:47,718
if you can think about this let's say
9236
05:50:48,080 --> 05:50:49,080
we're on a construction site
9237
05:50:50,480 --> 05:50:51,480
and i know that the men at that day or
9238
05:50:53,840 --> 05:50:54,840
women let's say the people that day
9239
05:50:56,718 --> 05:50:57,718
lifted 100 bricks
9240
05:50:58,958 --> 05:50:59,958
but i know due to union laws that they
9241
05:51:01,120 --> 05:51:02,120
were only allowed to lift
9242
05:51:03,360 --> 05:51:04,360
one brick each
9243
05:51:05,760 --> 05:51:06,760
therefore i needed
9244
05:51:07,920 --> 05:51:08,920
100
9245
05:51:10,840 --> 05:51:11,840
men to lift
9246
05:51:13,520 --> 05:51:14,520
all those bricks
9247
05:51:15,280 --> 05:51:16,280
if instead the labor negotiate
9248
05:51:17,360 --> 05:51:18,360
negotiations change and i now i'm going
9249
05:51:19,680 --> 05:51:20,680
to have 100 bricks lifted but each
9250
05:51:21,280 --> 05:51:22,280
person
9251
05:51:22,638 --> 05:51:23,638
lifts two bricks then i only need
9252
05:51:25,840 --> 05:51:26,840
50 men
9253
05:51:27,440 --> 05:51:28,440
so you can see how this is sort of
9254
05:51:28,798 --> 05:51:29,798
working out if you're a little confused
9255
05:51:30,638 --> 05:51:31,638
that's okay electricity is very complex
9256
05:51:33,040 --> 05:51:34,040
but what you need to remember here is
9257
05:51:34,718 --> 05:51:35,718
that we use amperage and voltage to
9258
05:51:37,600 --> 05:51:38,600
determine
9259
05:51:38,878 --> 05:51:39,878
wattage
9260
05:51:41,200 --> 05:51:42,200
so again just want to point out this
9261
05:51:43,680 --> 05:51:44,680
equation right here because it's really
9262
05:51:45,600 --> 05:51:46,600
important
9263
05:51:46,558 --> 05:51:47,558
wattage equals the voltage the potential
9264
05:51:48,958 --> 05:51:49,958
energy
9265
05:51:50,000 --> 05:51:51,000
times the amps the amount of electricity
9266
05:51:54,558 --> 05:51:55,558
impedance as the name implies works
9267
05:51:56,638 --> 05:51:57,638
against these things
9268
05:51:58,558 --> 05:51:59,558
impedance is the opposition a circuit
9269
05:52:00,718 --> 05:52:01,718
gives
9270
05:52:01,680 --> 05:52:02,680
to a current
9271
05:52:03,600 --> 05:52:04,600
when voltage is applied so we thought
9272
05:52:05,920 --> 05:52:06,920
about our water
9273
05:52:07,600 --> 05:52:08,600
pipe if i have a big pipe and i'm
9274
05:52:10,638 --> 05:52:11,638
pumping a lot of voltage through that
9275
05:52:13,760 --> 05:52:14,760
then i'm going to get
9276
05:52:16,400 --> 05:52:17,400
a lot more watts
9277
05:52:19,040 --> 05:52:20,040
whereas if i have a small pipe with the
9278
05:52:22,320 --> 05:52:23,320
same amount of pressure i'm still going
9279
05:52:24,558 --> 05:52:25,558
to
9280
05:52:25,200 --> 05:52:26,200
come out
9281
05:52:27,200 --> 05:52:28,200
with less watts that's just
9282
05:52:29,600 --> 05:52:30,600
visually makes sense
9283
05:52:32,480 --> 05:52:33,480
this is measured in something called
9284
05:52:34,320 --> 05:52:35,320
ohms
9285
05:52:36,240 --> 05:52:37,240
all right so it's the only one that
9286
05:52:37,520 --> 05:52:38,520
doesn't sort of line up with its name
9287
05:52:39,760 --> 05:52:40,760
some people will call this resistance
9288
05:52:41,520 --> 05:52:42,520
but resistance is actually its own
9289
05:52:43,440 --> 05:52:44,440
quality it's a good way to think about
9290
05:52:45,600 --> 05:52:46,600
it though is sort of what's resisting
9291
05:52:48,240 --> 05:52:49,240
the electricity going through that
9292
05:52:49,600 --> 05:52:50,600
circuit
9293
05:52:52,160 --> 05:52:53,160
now here we come to ac dc which is a
9294
05:52:54,160 --> 05:52:55,160
major point
9295
05:52:56,080 --> 05:52:57,080
back in the days when electricity was
9296
05:52:57,440 --> 05:52:58,440
being created uh
9297
05:53:00,000 --> 05:53:01,000
by thomas edison and these folks
9298
05:53:02,400 --> 05:53:03,400
there were two different types of
9299
05:53:05,120 --> 05:53:06,120
ways of transferring electricity one was
9300
05:53:08,000 --> 05:53:09,000
called alternating current and in
9301
05:53:09,840 --> 05:53:10,840
alternating current the direction of the
9302
05:53:12,000 --> 05:53:13,000
current reverses now you're asking why
9303
05:53:14,240 --> 05:53:15,240
is that important well
9304
05:53:16,240 --> 05:53:17,240
this makes it easier to change the
9305
05:53:18,320 --> 05:53:19,320
voltage of the power
9306
05:53:20,400 --> 05:53:21,400
uh because if it's constantly
9307
05:53:23,280 --> 05:53:24,280
rotating right i can get in there and i
9308
05:53:25,760 --> 05:53:26,760
can change it using something called
9309
05:53:27,040 --> 05:53:28,040
transformers which we'll talk about
9310
05:53:28,480 --> 05:53:29,480
later
9311
05:53:29,360 --> 05:53:30,360
and the reason that this is important is
9312
05:53:31,440 --> 05:53:32,440
because if you imagine that i'm moving
9313
05:53:33,280 --> 05:53:34,280
across big wires and then i'm suddenly
9314
05:53:35,840 --> 05:53:36,840
coming to small wires
9315
05:53:39,280 --> 05:53:40,280
i don't want to necessarily pump the
9316
05:53:40,958 --> 05:53:41,958
same amount of voltage through all of
9317
05:53:42,320 --> 05:53:43,320
these because it's going to cost me a
9318
05:53:43,440 --> 05:53:44,440
lot of money i need less voltage here
9319
05:53:46,240 --> 05:53:47,240
and more voltage here and so
9320
05:53:49,040 --> 05:53:50,040
what uh alternating current allows power
9321
05:53:51,680 --> 05:53:52,680
companies to do is input something
9322
05:53:53,280 --> 05:53:54,280
called transformers
9323
05:53:56,160 --> 05:53:57,160
that allow them to alternate the voltage
9324
05:53:57,920 --> 05:53:58,920
and so they can save money by not having
9325
05:54:00,080 --> 05:54:01,080
to put out a ton of different wires
9326
05:54:02,160 --> 05:54:03,160
right so it's going on the wires over
9327
05:54:04,798 --> 05:54:05,798
uh your house for instance that's one
9328
05:54:06,638 --> 05:54:07,638
size it comes into your house that's
9329
05:54:08,480 --> 05:54:09,480
another size it's going under the ocean
9330
05:54:11,120 --> 05:54:12,120
perhaps that's a whole other size and so
9331
05:54:13,360 --> 05:54:14,360
alternating current makes sense
9332
05:54:15,360 --> 05:54:16,360
for
9333
05:54:16,160 --> 05:54:17,160
power companies and in those
9334
05:54:18,480 --> 05:54:19,480
sort of industries that are going to be
9335
05:54:20,638 --> 05:54:21,638
giving us power and need to transmit it
9336
05:54:22,718 --> 05:54:23,718
over long distances
9337
05:54:24,558 --> 05:54:25,558
direct current on the other hand means
9338
05:54:26,480 --> 05:54:27,480
the current always flows in the same
9339
05:54:28,240 --> 05:54:29,240
direction it's not as easy to change the
9340
05:54:30,320 --> 05:54:31,320
voltage of power but most electrical
9341
05:54:32,320 --> 05:54:33,320
components use direct current to run
9342
05:54:35,760 --> 05:54:36,760
batteries for instance use this type of
9343
05:54:38,160 --> 05:54:39,160
electricity so does
9344
05:54:40,240 --> 05:54:41,240
your computer
9345
05:54:41,760 --> 05:54:42,760
and so one thing we really have to do is
9346
05:54:44,000 --> 05:54:45,000
figure out how do we
9347
05:54:47,120 --> 05:54:48,120
convert
9348
05:54:49,680 --> 05:54:50,680
between ac and dc ac coming out of the
9349
05:54:52,878 --> 05:54:53,878
wall and dc going into the computer
9350
05:54:56,958 --> 05:54:57,958
this is what a power supply does this is
9351
05:54:59,840 --> 05:55:00,840
one of the main things other than
9352
05:55:01,360 --> 05:55:02,360
cleaning the electricity the power
9353
05:55:03,520 --> 05:55:04,520
supply does in a computer it converts
9354
05:55:05,600 --> 05:55:06,600
the ac
9355
05:55:07,120 --> 05:55:08,120
to dc we'll talk more about this a
9356
05:55:09,760 --> 05:55:10,760
little bit later
9357
05:55:12,320 --> 05:55:13,320
okay so now we've talked about
9358
05:55:13,840 --> 05:55:14,840
understanding power using voltage
9359
05:55:16,718 --> 05:55:17,718
which is the potential energy
9360
05:55:22,840 --> 05:55:23,840
amperage
9361
05:55:24,558 --> 05:55:25,558
which is the amount of electricity
9362
05:55:30,718 --> 05:55:31,718
and wattage which is the amount of work
9363
05:55:35,360 --> 05:55:36,360
that sort of is achieved
9364
05:55:37,360 --> 05:55:38,360
again
9365
05:55:39,360 --> 05:55:40,360
wattage equals
9366
05:55:41,280 --> 05:55:42,280
volts
9367
05:55:42,558 --> 05:55:43,558
times amps
9368
05:55:44,558 --> 05:55:45,558
impedance reduces the amount of wattage
9369
05:55:47,280 --> 05:55:48,280
by offering a resistance to the current
9370
05:55:49,440 --> 05:55:50,440
that's flowing through this
9371
05:55:51,600 --> 05:55:52,600
and finally ac dc distinguishes between
9372
05:55:54,638 --> 05:55:55,638
alternating
9373
05:56:00,400 --> 05:56:01,400
and direct current
9374
05:56:02,878 --> 05:56:03,878
alternating current comes from the walls
9375
05:56:06,400 --> 05:56:07,400
direct current
9376
05:56:07,920 --> 05:56:08,920
is what's in our computer
9377
05:56:09,840 --> 05:56:10,840
and this is why we need
9378
05:56:13,120 --> 05:56:14,120
a power supply
9379
05:56:18,718 --> 05:56:19,718
now let's talk about some of the power
9380
05:56:20,080 --> 05:56:21,080
issues that we're going to run into
9381
05:56:22,240 --> 05:56:23,240
in most homes and offices the first is a
9382
05:56:24,958 --> 05:56:25,958
surge
9383
05:56:26,080 --> 05:56:27,080
a surge is an unexpected increase or a
9384
05:56:29,760 --> 05:56:30,760
surge in the amount of voltage provided
9385
05:56:33,120 --> 05:56:34,120
it generally happens quite suddenly
9386
05:56:36,958 --> 05:56:37,958
and as you can imagine if i have a
9387
05:56:38,878 --> 05:56:39,878
sudden surge of voltage onto a device
9388
05:56:41,680 --> 05:56:42,680
and that device is rated let's say at
9389
05:56:43,520 --> 05:56:44,520
110 volts and suddenly i blow 5000 volts
9390
05:56:47,760 --> 05:56:48,760
into it you can imagine that's going to
9391
05:56:50,000 --> 05:56:51,000
kill this device and so that's why
9392
05:56:52,160 --> 05:56:53,160
something we want to protect against are
9393
05:56:54,400 --> 05:56:55,400
surges
9394
05:56:56,320 --> 05:56:57,320
this is different from a spike
9395
05:56:58,480 --> 05:56:59,480
a spike is a very short pulse of energy
9396
05:57:02,400 --> 05:57:03,400
that lasts maybe a millisecond
9397
05:57:05,280 --> 05:57:06,280
but
9398
05:57:06,160 --> 05:57:07,160
it's higher in voltage than
9399
05:57:08,958 --> 05:57:09,958
a surge
9400
05:57:10,240 --> 05:57:11,240
so whereas a surge might be i don't know
9401
05:57:13,120 --> 05:57:14,120
five thousand we're going to get double
9402
05:57:15,120 --> 05:57:16,120
that with the spike and so even though
9403
05:57:16,878 --> 05:57:17,878
it's a short pulse that short little
9404
05:57:18,878 --> 05:57:19,878
pulse that can come out of nowhere
9405
05:57:20,718 --> 05:57:21,718
probably due to something going on
9406
05:57:22,480 --> 05:57:23,480
within the power company or its wires
9407
05:57:24,558 --> 05:57:25,558
can seriously damage our computers
9408
05:57:29,360 --> 05:57:30,360
on the other hand we have something
9409
05:57:30,480 --> 05:57:31,480
called a power sag
9410
05:57:32,160 --> 05:57:33,160
a power sag is an unexpected and short
9411
05:57:35,600 --> 05:57:36,600
decrease in the amount of voltage that's
9412
05:57:37,680 --> 05:57:38,680
provided so for whatever reason the
9413
05:57:40,080 --> 05:57:41,080
power company has a problem and for just
9414
05:57:42,080 --> 05:57:43,080
a brief moment there's a sag and energy
9415
05:57:44,480 --> 05:57:45,480
well unfortunately a sag of energy can
9416
05:57:46,958 --> 05:57:47,958
actually stop our computers from working
9417
05:57:48,958 --> 05:57:49,958
because it removes the power from our
9418
05:57:50,638 --> 05:57:51,638
computer and if there's no sort of
9419
05:57:52,240 --> 05:57:53,240
backup then we've just lost any data
9420
05:57:54,080 --> 05:57:55,080
we're working on
9421
05:57:56,160 --> 05:57:57,160
this is different from a brown out
9422
05:57:58,400 --> 05:57:59,400
a brown out is an unintentional or an
9423
05:58:01,680 --> 05:58:02,680
intentional drop in voltage that lasts
9424
05:58:04,558 --> 05:58:05,558
for minutes or hours you might have
9425
05:58:06,558 --> 05:58:07,558
noticed this with say like flickering
9426
05:58:08,798 --> 05:58:09,798
lights
9427
05:58:09,920 --> 05:58:10,920
or your bulbs dim
9428
05:58:12,638 --> 05:58:13,638
in your home
9429
05:58:13,840 --> 05:58:14,840
for a brief period of time that's
9430
05:58:15,680 --> 05:58:16,680
because you're having a brown out again
9431
05:58:17,840 --> 05:58:18,840
the problem with the brown out is less
9432
05:58:19,760 --> 05:58:20,760
voltage we don't have enough to run the
9433
05:58:21,520 --> 05:58:22,520
computer the computer goes down
9434
05:58:23,280 --> 05:58:24,280
especially when we're in the middle of
9435
05:58:24,480 --> 05:58:25,480
an important assignment or work or even
9436
05:58:27,200 --> 05:58:28,200
worse it's a server that's serving
9437
05:58:28,638 --> 05:58:29,638
thousands of people
9438
05:58:31,920 --> 05:58:32,920
finally we have a blackout and a
9439
05:58:34,000 --> 05:58:35,000
blackout as the name implies different
9440
05:58:36,080 --> 05:58:37,080
from a brown out
9441
05:58:38,558 --> 05:58:39,558
is a total loss of power this is what
9442
05:58:41,680 --> 05:58:42,680
happens when there's a thunderstorm and
9443
05:58:44,400 --> 05:58:45,400
it strikes one of the power towers for
9444
05:58:47,600 --> 05:58:48,600
your
9445
05:58:48,480 --> 05:58:49,480
power company and suddenly
9446
05:58:51,200 --> 05:58:52,200
boom you have no power now the main
9447
05:58:54,558 --> 05:58:55,558
problem with the blackout other than the
9448
05:58:56,080 --> 05:58:57,080
fact that you lose power is that when
9449
05:58:57,760 --> 05:58:58,760
the power comes back on
9450
05:58:59,760 --> 05:59:00,760
it's usually followed by a spike because
9451
05:59:02,080 --> 05:59:03,080
a lot of power is going to come on and
9452
05:59:04,080 --> 05:59:05,080
when that spike occurs
9453
05:59:06,160 --> 05:59:07,160
that's when the damage to your computer
9454
05:59:07,840 --> 05:59:08,840
or your devices happens this is why you
9455
05:59:10,798 --> 05:59:11,798
should always unplug devices i'm gonna
9456
05:59:14,240 --> 05:59:15,240
write it out here
9457
05:59:16,878 --> 05:59:17,878
during a blackout
9458
05:59:18,718 --> 05:59:19,718
because when they come back on
9459
05:59:21,120 --> 05:59:22,120
you're going to be in big trouble when
9460
05:59:23,120 --> 05:59:24,120
it destroys your computer because too
9461
05:59:24,958 --> 05:59:25,958
much voltage is going through that
9462
05:59:26,798 --> 05:59:27,798
wire
9463
05:59:29,040 --> 05:59:30,040
all right so now we've discussed the
9464
05:59:31,120 --> 05:59:32,120
power issues that go along with
9465
05:59:32,958 --> 05:59:33,958
electricity including surges spikes
9466
05:59:36,480 --> 05:59:37,480
sags
9467
05:59:37,840 --> 05:59:38,840
brownouts and blackouts
9468
05:59:40,718 --> 05:59:41,718
so just to review we talked about
9469
05:59:42,320 --> 05:59:43,320
understanding power we talked about
9470
05:59:44,558 --> 05:59:45,558
voltage which is the potential energy
9471
05:59:50,240 --> 05:59:51,240
it's also referred to
9472
05:59:53,440 --> 05:59:54,440
as pressure
9473
05:59:55,920 --> 05:59:56,920
and you can think about that like water
9474
05:59:57,840 --> 05:59:58,840
pressure
9475
05:59:59,680 --> 06:00:00,680
or
9476
06:00:02,840 --> 06:00:03,840
tension
9477
06:00:04,480 --> 06:00:05,480
we talked about amperage which is the
9478
06:00:07,040 --> 06:00:08,040
amount
9479
06:00:09,200 --> 06:00:10,200
of electricity
9480
06:00:11,760 --> 06:00:12,760
and wattage
9481
06:00:13,200 --> 06:00:14,200
which equals voltage times amperage
9482
06:00:15,680 --> 06:00:16,680
which is effectively
9483
06:00:17,760 --> 06:00:18,760
the amount of work and i'll put that in
9484
06:00:20,798 --> 06:00:21,798
quotations because when it's electricity
9485
06:00:22,878 --> 06:00:23,878
it's sort of a misnomer
9486
06:00:24,958 --> 06:00:25,958
that's achieved
9487
06:00:28,558 --> 06:00:29,558
when you buy
9488
06:00:30,000 --> 06:00:31,000
power supplies
9489
06:00:31,520 --> 06:00:32,520
they're going to be rated in terms of
9490
06:00:32,958 --> 06:00:33,958
wattage how much power they can give out
9491
06:00:36,480 --> 06:00:37,480
we also talked about impedance which is
9492
06:00:38,798 --> 06:00:39,798
sort of the resistance although that
9493
06:00:41,280 --> 06:00:42,280
word is can be used to mean slightly
9494
06:00:43,360 --> 06:00:44,360
other things but it is the resistance to
9495
06:00:46,558 --> 06:00:47,558
the current of electricity flowing
9496
06:00:48,480 --> 06:00:49,480
through that wire
9497
06:00:50,798 --> 06:00:51,798
and then we talked about ac
9498
06:00:53,200 --> 06:00:54,200
which is alternating current
9499
06:00:56,798 --> 06:00:57,798
versus dc current which is
9500
06:01:01,440 --> 06:01:02,440
direct current
9501
06:01:02,878 --> 06:01:03,878
this is the type
9502
06:01:04,240 --> 06:01:05,240
that you're going to see in your pc
9503
06:01:07,680 --> 06:01:08,680
and this is the type that's coming out
9504
06:01:09,200 --> 06:01:10,200
of the wall
9505
06:01:11,040 --> 06:01:12,040
another note that i forgot to mention
9506
06:01:13,520 --> 06:01:14,520
remember that in voltage you're getting
9507
06:01:15,520 --> 06:01:16,520
a around 110
9508
06:01:19,120 --> 06:01:20,120
in the us
9509
06:01:21,120 --> 06:01:22,120
and you're getting about 220 volts
9510
06:01:24,718 --> 06:01:25,718
in europe
9511
06:01:26,080 --> 06:01:27,080
we'll come back to this later
9512
06:01:29,360 --> 06:01:30,360
we also talked about certain power
9513
06:01:30,638 --> 06:01:31,638
issues that affect us including surges
9514
06:01:33,680 --> 06:01:34,680
which are prolonged
9515
06:01:37,520 --> 06:01:38,520
although it can still be short
9516
06:01:41,040 --> 06:01:42,040
surges of power that come on to that
9517
06:01:44,000 --> 06:01:45,000
raise the amount of voltage that's
9518
06:01:45,360 --> 06:01:46,360
coming into the system
9519
06:01:47,600 --> 06:01:48,600
a spike is a very quick
9520
06:01:51,360 --> 06:01:52,360
but higher voltage
9521
06:01:56,400 --> 06:01:57,400
spike in electricity that can also
9522
06:01:58,480 --> 06:01:59,480
damage our computers
9523
06:02:00,320 --> 06:02:01,320
a sag is an intentional or unintentional
9524
06:02:03,440 --> 06:02:04,440
removable removal of electricity for
9525
06:02:06,480 --> 06:02:07,480
just a moment
9526
06:02:11,440 --> 06:02:12,440
so this can quickly turn off my computer
9527
06:02:14,240 --> 06:02:15,240
or reset my alarm clock although i might
9528
06:02:17,120 --> 06:02:18,120
not notice more than just a flickering
9529
06:02:18,798 --> 06:02:19,798
of my lights
9530
06:02:20,400 --> 06:02:21,400
a brownout occurs when there is a loss
9531
06:02:23,440 --> 06:02:24,440
for a long time of voltage over the wire
9532
06:02:26,718 --> 06:02:27,718
so instead of getting say 110 this goes
9533
06:02:30,320 --> 06:02:31,320
down to maybe like 50. and so the reason
9534
06:02:33,280 --> 06:02:34,280
it's called a brownout is because
9535
06:02:35,600 --> 06:02:36,600
your lights will brown they won't
9536
06:02:37,280 --> 06:02:38,280
they'll dim they don't black they dim
9537
06:02:39,920 --> 06:02:40,920
a blackout on the other hand means a
9538
06:02:41,680 --> 06:02:42,680
total
9539
06:02:42,638 --> 06:02:43,638
loss of power
9540
06:02:44,400 --> 06:02:45,400
and the important thing to remember is
9541
06:02:46,080 --> 06:02:47,080
that when the power comes back on
9542
06:02:48,638 --> 06:02:49,638
you're gonna have a spike
9543
06:02:50,480 --> 06:02:51,480
or surge of power that can damage your
9544
06:02:52,958 --> 06:02:53,958
electrical equipment
9545
06:02:54,480 --> 06:02:55,480
so we've now discussed the power issues
9546
06:02:57,120 --> 06:02:58,120
and some of the basics of electricity so
9547
06:02:59,600 --> 06:03:00,600
now let's talk about tools that we can
9548
06:03:01,600 --> 06:03:02,600
use to measure electricity
9549
06:03:03,600 --> 06:03:04,600
as well as
9550
06:03:05,120 --> 06:03:06,120
some devices we're gonna see over and
9551
06:03:07,120 --> 06:03:08,120
over again in
9552
06:03:09,360 --> 06:03:10,360
the field and at our homes and some of
9553
06:03:11,200 --> 06:03:12,200
you might even be familiar with that
9554
06:03:12,718 --> 06:03:13,718
help protect
9555
06:03:14,240 --> 06:03:15,240
against
9556
06:03:16,080 --> 06:03:17,080
these issues
9557
06:03:20,580 --> 06:03:21,580
[Music]
9558
06:03:41,120 --> 06:03:42,120
power
9559
06:03:42,000 --> 06:03:43,000
protection and tools
9560
06:03:45,360 --> 06:03:46,360
now that we've discussed some of the
9561
06:03:47,200 --> 06:03:48,200
basics of electricity and also some of
9562
06:03:50,558 --> 06:03:51,558
the problems that we're going to
9563
06:03:51,680 --> 06:03:52,680
encounter in the field just about for
9564
06:03:54,080 --> 06:03:55,080
any device but especially for computers
9565
06:03:56,320 --> 06:03:57,320
i want to talk about some of the devices
9566
06:03:59,200 --> 06:04:00,200
we're going to use in order to overcome
9567
06:04:01,680 --> 06:04:02,680
these problems and some of the
9568
06:04:04,638 --> 06:04:05,638
tools we use to test electricity in
9569
06:04:07,200 --> 06:04:08,200
these devices
9570
06:04:10,718 --> 06:04:11,718
so we're going to look first at some of
9571
06:04:13,040 --> 06:04:14,040
the protection devices that you're going
9572
06:04:14,638 --> 06:04:15,638
to see in the field and that are covered
9573
06:04:16,480 --> 06:04:17,480
on the exam including a power strip
9574
06:04:19,840 --> 06:04:20,840
surge protectors which sometimes are
9575
06:04:21,920 --> 06:04:22,920
confused but they are separate things
9576
06:04:24,240 --> 06:04:25,240
and ups which is not the delivery
9577
06:04:26,798 --> 06:04:27,798
company but stands for uninterruptible
9578
06:04:29,280 --> 06:04:30,280
power supply
9579
06:04:31,040 --> 06:04:32,040
we'll then talk about two of the tools
9580
06:04:33,040 --> 06:04:34,040
that we can use in the field and that
9581
06:04:35,040 --> 06:04:36,040
electricians do use but we're not
9582
06:04:36,480 --> 06:04:37,480
electricians but
9583
06:04:38,320 --> 06:04:39,320
tools that we can use in the field to
9584
06:04:39,600 --> 06:04:40,600
test electricity
9585
06:04:41,280 --> 06:04:42,280
including a receptacle tester which is
9586
06:04:43,280 --> 06:04:44,280
for the wall and a multimeter which has
9587
06:04:45,280 --> 06:04:46,280
several different purposes
9588
06:04:47,440 --> 06:04:48,440
all right so first let's talk about
9589
06:04:48,958 --> 06:04:49,958
power strips which are probably
9590
06:04:50,240 --> 06:04:51,240
something that you've seen many many
9591
06:04:52,400 --> 06:04:53,400
times and you have in your home
9592
06:04:54,558 --> 06:04:55,558
what they basically are is a group of
9593
06:04:56,080 --> 06:04:57,080
sockets generally in line like so
9594
06:05:00,400 --> 06:05:01,400
with a cable
9595
06:05:03,440 --> 06:05:04,440
that plugs into a single receptacle
9596
06:05:05,680 --> 06:05:06,680
which you don't see but let's say it
9597
06:05:07,040 --> 06:05:08,040
goes over here
9598
06:05:11,440 --> 06:05:12,440
so what this really allows you to do is
9599
06:05:14,080 --> 06:05:15,080
it allows multiple devices to share that
9600
06:05:16,878 --> 06:05:17,878
single receptacle now as you can imagine
9601
06:05:19,360 --> 06:05:20,360
there's only a certain amount of voltage
9602
06:05:21,280 --> 06:05:22,280
coming out of this receptacle and in
9603
06:05:22,958 --> 06:05:23,958
your home there's only so much so much
9604
06:05:24,798 --> 06:05:25,798
amount of current that your home can
9605
06:05:26,878 --> 06:05:27,878
withstand so a lot of times these have a
9606
06:05:30,000 --> 06:05:31,000
maximum wattage rating and remember
9607
06:05:33,440 --> 06:05:34,440
wattage equals volts
9608
06:05:35,360 --> 06:05:36,360
times amps that shouldn't be exceeded if
9609
06:05:38,480 --> 06:05:39,480
it is this thing will generally pop and
9610
06:05:41,040 --> 06:05:42,040
we'll talk about that in just a second
9611
06:05:43,520 --> 06:05:44,520
here's another example of a power strip
9612
06:05:45,280 --> 06:05:46,280
that you might see and in this case
9613
06:05:48,080 --> 06:05:49,080
it actually has an on or off switch so
9614
06:05:50,558 --> 06:05:51,558
that you could turn on or off uh all the
9615
06:05:53,120 --> 06:05:54,120
electricity going to these devices
9616
06:05:54,958 --> 06:05:55,958
something you might want to use in case
9617
06:05:56,878 --> 06:05:57,878
of let's say
9618
06:05:59,520 --> 06:06:00,520
a blackout so when the power surge comes
9619
06:06:01,600 --> 06:06:02,600
on it doesn't hit any of your devices
9620
06:06:04,160 --> 06:06:05,160
now um not only do they have the the on
9621
06:06:06,718 --> 06:06:07,718
and off switch but they usually have a
9622
06:06:09,280 --> 06:06:10,280
circuit breaker generally around 15 amps
9623
06:06:12,558 --> 06:06:13,558
some are more some or less
9624
06:06:15,120 --> 06:06:16,120
and that'll protect it from overloading
9625
06:06:17,360 --> 06:06:18,360
so basically what happens is if there
9626
06:06:19,840 --> 06:06:20,840
there's too much energy going into these
9627
06:06:22,320 --> 06:06:23,320
so for instance i have
9628
06:06:24,558 --> 06:06:25,558
two
9629
06:06:25,600 --> 06:06:26,600
let's say i have an air conditioner a
9630
06:06:27,440 --> 06:06:28,440
window air conditioner and
9631
06:06:30,080 --> 06:06:31,080
my computer and a printer and a tv all
9632
06:06:33,360 --> 06:06:34,360
plugged into the same wall outlet well
9633
06:06:35,760 --> 06:06:36,760
this device knows at some point
9634
06:06:38,558 --> 06:06:39,558
that there's going to be too much power
9635
06:06:40,400 --> 06:06:41,400
going through this cable and that's
9636
06:06:42,240 --> 06:06:43,240
going to overheat it and cause a fire
9637
06:06:44,000 --> 06:06:45,000
instead of allowing that to happen
9638
06:06:45,520 --> 06:06:46,520
there's a breaker inside that will
9639
06:06:47,600 --> 06:06:48,600
actually turn itself off when it reaches
9640
06:06:49,760 --> 06:06:50,760
a certain amount of current and remember
9641
06:06:51,600 --> 06:06:52,600
current is measured in amps
9642
06:06:54,400 --> 06:06:55,400
so that this does not cause an
9643
06:06:56,240 --> 06:06:57,240
electrical fire and there's generally a
9644
06:06:58,400 --> 06:06:59,400
little black you probably can't see it
9645
06:07:00,480 --> 06:07:01,480
here but there's generally a little
9646
06:07:01,840 --> 06:07:02,840
black button right here and by pressing
9647
06:07:04,080 --> 06:07:05,080
that you can reset
9648
06:07:06,000 --> 06:07:07,000
the breaker just like you would in your
9649
06:07:07,520 --> 06:07:08,520
home and this will protect it from
9650
06:07:09,120 --> 06:07:10,120
overloading and it really protects all
9651
06:07:10,480 --> 06:07:11,480
the leather electronics in your home
9652
06:07:13,920 --> 06:07:14,920
now one note before we move on this
9653
06:07:15,840 --> 06:07:16,840
device may or may not have the next
9654
06:07:18,240 --> 06:07:19,240
device we're going to talk about a surge
9655
06:07:19,920 --> 06:07:20,920
protector built in but remember this is
9656
06:07:22,718 --> 06:07:23,718
going to make sure
9657
06:07:24,638 --> 06:07:25,638
that there aren't too many devices
9658
06:07:27,120 --> 06:07:28,120
pulling current from the wall
9659
06:07:31,280 --> 06:07:32,280
into the devices and therefore causing a
9660
06:07:33,280 --> 06:07:34,280
fire uh and that and there's usually a
9661
06:07:35,200 --> 06:07:36,200
little breaker right here like i just
9662
06:07:36,638 --> 06:07:37,638
mentioned
9663
06:07:37,680 --> 06:07:38,680
and this is going to keep this device
9664
06:07:40,798 --> 06:07:41,798
from
9665
06:07:42,080 --> 06:07:43,080
overpowering that one receptacle that
9666
06:07:44,400 --> 06:07:45,400
all of these things are sharing now this
9667
06:07:46,718 --> 06:07:47,718
is different from a surge protector
9668
06:07:49,520 --> 06:07:50,520
this is a general surge protector a lot
9669
06:07:51,280 --> 06:07:52,280
of people they say you use surge
9670
06:07:52,718 --> 06:07:53,718
protector and power strip
9671
06:07:54,480 --> 06:07:55,480
interchangeably but actually what a
9672
06:07:56,240 --> 06:07:57,240
surge protector is is a device that
9673
06:07:57,760 --> 06:07:58,760
protects against
9674
06:07:59,440 --> 06:08:00,440
surges and spikes and remember we
9675
06:08:00,958 --> 06:08:01,958
discussed a surge a spike is sort of a
9676
06:08:03,840 --> 06:08:04,840
small
9677
06:08:05,040 --> 06:08:06,040
quick amount of voltage that comes
9678
06:08:07,680 --> 06:08:08,680
through the walls
9679
06:08:09,360 --> 06:08:10,360
and a surge is a longer term one not as
9680
06:08:11,520 --> 06:08:12,520
high but both times that can damage the
9681
06:08:14,240 --> 06:08:15,240
equipment because the electricity is
9682
06:08:15,840 --> 06:08:16,840
coming in so rather than trying to pull
9683
06:08:17,920 --> 06:08:18,920
too much current too much amperage out
9684
06:08:19,760 --> 06:08:20,760
of the wall and therefore causing heat
9685
06:08:21,680 --> 06:08:22,680
and possibly a fire not to mention
9686
06:08:23,760 --> 06:08:24,760
damaging of
9687
06:08:25,200 --> 06:08:26,200
the devices that are all sharing that
9688
06:08:27,200 --> 06:08:28,200
receptacle this protects against the
9689
06:08:29,600 --> 06:08:30,600
surge that's going to come from the
9690
06:08:31,200 --> 06:08:32,200
power coming back on after a blackout or
9691
06:08:34,240 --> 06:08:35,240
a spike in the electricity from the
9692
06:08:36,160 --> 06:08:37,160
power company
9693
06:08:38,320 --> 06:08:39,320
now the way it does this is it contains
9694
06:08:40,320 --> 06:08:41,320
something called an mov a metal oxide
9695
06:08:43,440 --> 06:08:44,440
varistor and if you have never seen this
9696
06:08:45,680 --> 06:08:46,680
word before it's kind of funny what it
9697
06:08:47,520 --> 06:08:48,520
is is it's a variable resistor which is
9698
06:08:50,080 --> 06:08:51,080
a
9699
06:08:50,958 --> 06:08:51,958
a piece of electronics that's going to
9700
06:08:52,878 --> 06:08:53,878
resist the the a certain amount of
9701
06:08:55,040 --> 06:08:56,040
current coming through and this is rated
9702
06:08:57,600 --> 06:08:58,600
in joules and just it's a term we didn't
9703
06:09:00,160 --> 06:09:01,160
talk about and this we're getting a
9704
06:09:01,360 --> 06:09:02,360
little complex here but basically joules
9705
06:09:04,320 --> 06:09:05,320
is how much
9706
06:09:05,680 --> 06:09:06,680
uh measures how much current
9707
06:09:08,400 --> 06:09:09,400
is passing through a certain amount of
9708
06:09:10,000 --> 06:09:11,000
resistance so how much one amp of
9709
06:09:12,558 --> 06:09:13,558
current
9710
06:09:15,040 --> 06:09:16,040
passing through
9711
06:09:16,320 --> 06:09:17,320
one ohm of resistance
9712
06:09:18,878 --> 06:09:19,878
takes in one second okay so that's what
9713
06:09:21,600 --> 06:09:22,600
this is measuring and it's generally
9714
06:09:23,120 --> 06:09:24,120
rated in joules
9715
06:09:24,480 --> 06:09:25,480
and what happens is a surge
9716
06:09:27,200 --> 06:09:28,200
let me erase that there a surge will
9717
06:09:29,440 --> 06:09:30,440
burn out part of that barista so what
9718
06:09:32,480 --> 06:09:33,480
happens is after a certain amount of
9719
06:09:34,240 --> 06:09:35,240
time right those surges those spikes
9720
06:09:36,000 --> 06:09:37,000
without you even realizing they're
9721
06:09:37,360 --> 06:09:38,360
happening and they burn out the varistor
9722
06:09:39,680 --> 06:09:40,680
or the variable resistor as opposed to
9723
06:09:42,080 --> 06:09:43,080
your devices and so after a while the
9724
06:09:45,280 --> 06:09:46,280
varistor needs to be replaced
9725
06:09:47,440 --> 06:09:48,440
but it's better replacing your barrister
9726
06:09:49,680 --> 06:09:50,680
rather than your device itself
9727
06:09:52,400 --> 06:09:53,400
and obviously the higher amount of
9728
06:09:54,240 --> 06:09:55,240
joules the longer lasting your surge
9729
06:09:57,120 --> 06:09:58,120
protector is going to be so this is
9730
06:09:58,320 --> 06:09:59,320
really important
9731
06:10:00,558 --> 06:10:01,558
and generally you want it to be at least
9732
06:10:02,400 --> 06:10:03,400
a thousand joules or higher
9733
06:10:04,878 --> 06:10:05,878
that way you know it's going to last you
9734
06:10:06,638 --> 06:10:07,638
a good amount of time
9735
06:10:09,040 --> 06:10:10,040
all right so now let's talk about a ups
9736
06:10:11,120 --> 06:10:12,120
now this actually is a mix between if
9737
06:10:14,080 --> 06:10:15,080
you notice
9738
06:10:16,240 --> 06:10:17,240
a
9739
06:10:17,200 --> 06:10:18,200
power strip
9740
06:10:19,680 --> 06:10:20,680
it has surge protection
9741
06:10:22,000 --> 06:10:23,000
so it's going to protect against surge
9742
06:10:24,000 --> 06:10:25,000
and it has
9743
06:10:26,638 --> 06:10:27,638
a battery built in alright so you see
9744
06:10:29,440 --> 06:10:30,440
this is back
9745
06:10:30,638 --> 06:10:31,638
ups so what that is is there's actually
9746
06:10:32,878 --> 06:10:33,878
a battery built in and this stands for
9747
06:10:38,240 --> 06:10:39,240
uninterruptible
9748
06:10:44,160 --> 06:10:45,160
power
9749
06:10:46,000 --> 06:10:47,000
supply
9750
06:10:47,520 --> 06:10:48,520
and as the name implies it's to allow
9751
06:10:49,760 --> 06:10:50,760
you to continue working on your computer
9752
06:10:52,240 --> 06:10:53,240
or your device after a power blackout
9753
06:10:55,040 --> 06:10:56,040
takes away all the power so you don't
9754
06:10:56,718 --> 06:10:57,718
have interrupted service so not only
9755
06:10:58,958 --> 06:10:59,958
does it protect against surges and
9756
06:11:00,558 --> 06:11:01,558
spikes which are going to come in it's
9757
06:11:03,200 --> 06:11:04,200
also protecting you brown outs and
9758
06:11:05,040 --> 06:11:06,040
blackouts which take electricity out
9759
06:11:07,680 --> 06:11:08,680
now here's the thing with it the battery
9760
06:11:10,080 --> 06:11:11,080
can be recharged but just like any
9761
06:11:12,160 --> 06:11:13,160
battery it's going to have a life so
9762
06:11:13,440 --> 06:11:14,440
anytime it's plugged in you'll see
9763
06:11:15,200 --> 06:11:16,200
there's actually little lights here and
9764
06:11:16,798 --> 06:11:17,798
they'll
9765
06:11:17,840 --> 06:11:18,840
if it's green it's telling you this is
9766
06:11:19,440 --> 06:11:20,440
it's good to go and that becomes after a
9767
06:11:21,040 --> 06:11:22,040
charge if the power goes out the battery
9768
06:11:23,520 --> 06:11:24,520
will eventually lose that charge and
9769
06:11:25,440 --> 06:11:26,440
then it needs to be recharged for the
9770
06:11:26,958 --> 06:11:27,958
next time
9771
06:11:29,040 --> 06:11:30,040
here's another uh ups
9772
06:11:31,520 --> 06:11:32,520
probably a little bigger has a larger
9773
06:11:33,040 --> 06:11:34,040
battery and the batteries depend um and
9774
06:11:35,440 --> 06:11:36,440
you replace this battery actually
9775
06:11:36,878 --> 06:11:37,878
there's screws on the back you can take
9776
06:11:38,240 --> 06:11:39,240
this uh the battery out you take it and
9777
06:11:39,920 --> 06:11:40,920
replace it
9778
06:11:41,360 --> 06:11:42,360
but you can generally monitor these via
9779
06:11:44,320 --> 06:11:45,320
a usb connection or in this case there's
9780
06:11:46,480 --> 06:11:47,480
looks like there's like a
9781
06:11:48,080 --> 06:11:49,080
serial connection
9782
06:11:49,760 --> 06:11:50,760
but nowadays they're really in that usb
9783
06:11:52,480 --> 06:11:53,480
and you remember a usb is going to look
9784
06:11:54,160 --> 06:11:55,160
something like this
9785
06:11:57,200 --> 06:11:58,200
all right and that way even if the
9786
06:11:58,480 --> 06:11:59,480
computer is in another place like a
9787
06:11:59,840 --> 06:12:00,840
server you can still monitor the ups
9788
06:12:02,638 --> 06:12:03,638
now it's going to emit a loud beep when
9789
06:12:05,040 --> 06:12:06,040
the battery is running low or when it
9790
06:12:07,200 --> 06:12:08,200
turns on to to battery power and that
9791
06:12:10,080 --> 06:12:11,080
way you know that either batteries the
9792
06:12:11,600 --> 06:12:12,600
battery has gone dead or the electricity
9793
06:12:13,760 --> 06:12:14,760
in the building has gone out
9794
06:12:16,320 --> 06:12:17,320
now because it has a limited amount of
9795
06:12:18,958 --> 06:12:19,958
battery in it you don't want to connect
9796
06:12:21,920 --> 06:12:22,920
high power devices into this ups the one
9797
06:12:25,520 --> 06:12:26,520
i see on the test the most often
9798
06:12:28,558 --> 06:12:29,558
laser printers you
9799
06:12:30,480 --> 06:12:31,480
want to plug in your computer itself
9800
06:12:32,480 --> 06:12:33,480
obviously perhaps a monitor uh maybe
9801
06:12:35,520 --> 06:12:36,520
another computer another monitor
9802
06:12:36,798 --> 06:12:37,798
something but you want to limit what's
9803
06:12:38,160 --> 06:12:39,160
on here because the real purpose of a
9804
06:12:39,760 --> 06:12:40,760
ups is not to allow you to continue
9805
06:12:42,000 --> 06:12:43,000
working throughout the blackout for
9806
06:12:43,200 --> 06:12:44,200
hours and hours and hours you might get
9807
06:12:45,760 --> 06:12:46,760
maybe 10 to 15 minutes maybe even less
9808
06:12:48,160 --> 06:12:49,160
what it really allows you to do is save
9809
06:12:50,000 --> 06:12:51,000
your information and shut down the
9810
06:12:51,680 --> 06:12:52,680
computer safely all right so what you
9811
06:12:54,480 --> 06:12:55,480
don't need are printers and laser
9812
06:12:56,558 --> 06:12:57,558
printers are huge mem power hogs and
9813
06:12:58,798 --> 06:12:59,798
that's a question i often see on the
9814
06:13:00,400 --> 06:13:01,400
test is you do not plug a laser printer
9815
06:13:02,958 --> 06:13:03,958
up to a ups
9816
06:13:06,160 --> 06:13:07,160
all right so we've just talked about
9817
06:13:07,920 --> 06:13:08,920
three different tools of protection
9818
06:13:09,920 --> 06:13:10,920
including power strips which allow you
9819
06:13:12,000 --> 06:13:13,000
to plug multiple devices
9820
06:13:18,558 --> 06:13:19,558
into one
9821
06:13:20,638 --> 06:13:21,638
receptacle
9822
06:13:22,958 --> 06:13:23,958
we also talked about surge protectors
9823
06:13:24,718 --> 06:13:25,718
which sort of uh generally come in power
9824
06:13:27,280 --> 06:13:28,280
strips but not always and these
9825
06:13:30,000 --> 06:13:31,000
protect against surges and spikes
9826
06:13:38,958 --> 06:13:39,958
and finally ups which just means it has
9827
06:13:41,920 --> 06:13:42,920
a battery in it
9828
06:13:43,760 --> 06:13:44,760
and allows you to shut down
9829
06:13:52,000 --> 06:13:53,000
all right so if you're in the middle of
9830
06:13:53,520 --> 06:13:54,520
an important document you can shut that
9831
06:13:54,878 --> 06:13:55,878
down safely
9832
06:13:56,558 --> 06:13:57,558
okay now let's talk about two tools
9833
06:13:58,240 --> 06:13:59,240
we're going to see in the field a bunch
9834
06:13:59,600 --> 06:14:00,600
and you need to know for the a plus exam
9835
06:14:02,638 --> 06:14:03,638
the first is a receptacle tester and as
9836
06:14:04,878 --> 06:14:05,878
you can see a receptacle tester testes
9837
06:14:07,120 --> 06:14:08,120
tests a receptacle in this case this is
9838
06:14:09,600 --> 06:14:10,600
the receptacle it's testing and it makes
9839
06:14:11,600 --> 06:14:12,600
sure that the right amount of voltage
9840
06:14:13,440 --> 06:14:14,440
which should be anywhere from around 110
9841
06:14:16,718 --> 06:14:17,718
to 120 volts in america 110's the rating
9842
06:14:19,920 --> 06:14:20,920
but sometimes it's a little variant
9843
06:14:21,280 --> 06:14:22,280
because it is electricity and so it
9844
06:14:23,280 --> 06:14:24,280
tells you if that wall socket is
9845
06:14:24,798 --> 06:14:25,798
functioning and obviously if i'm
9846
06:14:26,160 --> 06:14:27,160
installing servers let's say in multiple
9847
06:14:28,558 --> 06:14:29,558
locations across the country if this is
9848
06:14:30,958 --> 06:14:31,958
sort of your technician's job
9849
06:14:33,120 --> 06:14:34,120
then you got to make sure there's power
9850
06:14:34,878 --> 06:14:35,878
in that room before you log all the
9851
06:14:36,160 --> 06:14:37,160
equipment in there and that the power is
9852
06:14:38,080 --> 06:14:39,080
running effectively
9853
06:14:39,840 --> 06:14:40,840
the reason they're so popular is because
9854
06:14:41,840 --> 06:14:42,840
it's this little small device you can
9855
06:14:43,360 --> 06:14:44,360
hold it in your pocket or put in your
9856
06:14:45,200 --> 06:14:46,200
tool kit you'll see there's a light
9857
06:14:46,798 --> 06:14:47,798
indicator on here that tells you what
9858
06:14:48,718 --> 06:14:49,718
the light codes mean so you know whether
9859
06:14:50,558 --> 06:14:51,558
or not it's working and you can get it
9860
06:14:52,160 --> 06:14:53,160
at just about any home improvement
9861
06:14:54,320 --> 06:14:55,320
store
9862
06:14:55,680 --> 06:14:56,680
pretty easily so it's cheap
9863
06:14:58,160 --> 06:14:59,160
and easy it's sort of the long and short
9864
06:15:00,400 --> 06:15:01,400
answer it doesn't do a lot the only
9865
06:15:02,480 --> 06:15:03,480
thing it really does is tests uh that
9866
06:15:05,120 --> 06:15:06,120
what you got in here is is correct and
9867
06:15:07,120 --> 06:15:08,120
it's proper for your computer but it's
9868
06:15:08,958 --> 06:15:09,958
really not going to do a lot more than
9869
06:15:10,160 --> 06:15:11,160
that
9870
06:15:11,840 --> 06:15:12,840
so the next device that we're looking at
9871
06:15:13,520 --> 06:15:14,520
is called a multimeter a multimeter as
9872
06:15:15,920 --> 06:15:16,920
you can imagine measures
9873
06:15:18,798 --> 06:15:19,798
multiple things it's also a voltmeter
9874
06:15:21,120 --> 06:15:22,120
it's an impedance meter it measures all
9875
06:15:22,638 --> 06:15:23,638
these things right
9876
06:15:24,320 --> 06:15:25,320
and so
9877
06:15:25,600 --> 06:15:26,600
it can measure current
9878
06:15:27,200 --> 06:15:28,200
resistance
9879
06:15:28,400 --> 06:15:29,400
voltage etc
9880
06:15:31,040 --> 06:15:32,040
and these can and because it has
9881
06:15:35,040 --> 06:15:36,040
these contacts it can measure both
9882
06:15:37,760 --> 06:15:38,760
power inside your computer
9883
06:15:40,240 --> 06:15:41,240
let's say while the computer is running
9884
06:15:42,080 --> 06:15:43,080
and it can measure stuff outside your
9885
06:15:43,520 --> 06:15:44,520
computer like a receptacle
9886
06:15:46,798 --> 06:15:47,798
there are two leads a red one and a
9887
06:15:49,600 --> 06:15:50,600
black one that you plug in uh the black
9888
06:15:52,718 --> 06:15:53,718
is generally a neutral or ground lead
9889
06:15:54,798 --> 06:15:55,798
and the red is the hot lead that's the
9890
06:15:56,320 --> 06:15:57,320
one you need you know and you need to be
9891
06:15:58,558 --> 06:15:59,558
aware of if you ever jumped a battery in
9892
06:16:01,680 --> 06:16:02,680
a car for instance you'll notice the
9893
06:16:03,440 --> 06:16:04,440
same color receptacles okay so what you
9894
06:16:06,000 --> 06:16:07,000
need to do is just be aware that you
9895
06:16:08,160 --> 06:16:09,160
never never never
9896
06:16:09,760 --> 06:16:10,760
touch the metal because the metal is
9897
06:16:11,600 --> 06:16:12,600
actually
9898
06:16:12,558 --> 06:16:13,558
connected to hot current
9899
06:16:14,958 --> 06:16:15,958
as i just said never touch the metal
9900
06:16:19,760 --> 06:16:20,760
here's another multimeter a little more
9901
06:16:21,760 --> 06:16:22,760
specific because it is digital and these
9902
06:16:23,840 --> 06:16:24,840
are the ones you're probably going to
9903
06:16:24,638 --> 06:16:25,638
see more and more slightly more
9904
06:16:26,000 --> 06:16:27,000
expensive you can see the contacts or
9905
06:16:28,000 --> 06:16:29,000
the leads over here
9906
06:16:29,920 --> 06:16:30,920
right and they plug in and on the last
9907
06:16:31,440 --> 06:16:32,440
one they plugged into
9908
06:16:33,680 --> 06:16:34,680
and so really quickly i just want to go
9909
06:16:34,958 --> 06:16:35,958
over how you would test an ac outlet
9910
06:16:36,878 --> 06:16:37,878
this is fairly simple you probably know
9911
06:16:38,638 --> 06:16:39,638
this i probably don't need to go over it
9912
06:16:40,320 --> 06:16:41,320
but i'm going to because it's on the a
9913
06:16:42,320 --> 06:16:43,320
plus exam and i want you to be aware of
9914
06:16:43,920 --> 06:16:44,920
it
9915
06:16:44,718 --> 06:16:45,718
so you put the black lead outlet to the
9916
06:16:47,360 --> 06:16:48,360
ground so if i'm drawing up a regular
9917
06:16:49,920 --> 06:16:50,920
american outlet
9918
06:16:53,680 --> 06:16:54,680
this would be the ground
9919
06:16:56,638 --> 06:16:57,638
and these are generally both hot and one
9920
06:16:58,558 --> 06:16:59,558
of them might be in neutral but
9921
06:17:00,480 --> 06:17:01,480
generally these are both hot you don't
9922
06:17:01,840 --> 06:17:02,840
want to put a penny in either of these
9923
06:17:03,760 --> 06:17:04,760
okay so you put the black lit lead here
9924
06:17:07,280 --> 06:17:08,280
you then put the red lead to one of
9925
06:17:08,958 --> 06:17:09,958
these hot openings
9926
06:17:12,160 --> 06:17:13,160
then you would turn on the multimeter
9927
06:17:14,000 --> 06:17:15,000
the multimeter is not already on because
9928
06:17:15,680 --> 06:17:16,680
you might short it all right so then you
9929
06:17:17,760 --> 06:17:18,760
turn it on
9930
06:17:19,120 --> 06:17:20,120
once you get the reading
9931
06:17:21,360 --> 06:17:22,360
which you're going to get right here and
9932
06:17:23,440 --> 06:17:24,440
what you generally want is between as i
9933
06:17:26,000 --> 06:17:27,000
said 100 and 100 to 120 volts in america
9934
06:17:30,320 --> 06:17:31,320
and you want sort of in the same
9935
06:17:32,840 --> 06:17:33,840
range in europe
9936
06:17:34,958 --> 06:17:35,958
okay
9937
06:17:36,718 --> 06:17:37,718
then you turn off the multimeter
9938
06:17:39,680 --> 06:17:40,680
and you remove the leads that's how you
9939
06:17:41,920 --> 06:17:42,920
test it it's pretty simple but i think
9940
06:17:44,000 --> 06:17:45,000
the thing you really want to remember
9941
06:17:46,160 --> 06:17:47,160
black lead goes to ground
9942
06:17:49,040 --> 06:17:50,040
red lead goes to hot
9943
06:17:54,320 --> 06:17:55,320
so
9944
06:17:55,120 --> 06:17:56,120
we've now just talked about the tools
9945
06:17:56,718 --> 06:17:57,718
including the receptacle tester and the
9946
06:17:58,240 --> 06:17:59,240
multimeter and i just want to quickly go
9947
06:18:00,240 --> 06:18:01,240
over these one more time
9948
06:18:02,480 --> 06:18:03,480
so we talked about protection including
9949
06:18:04,558 --> 06:18:05,558
power strips which allow multiple
9950
06:18:09,040 --> 06:18:10,040
devices to share one receptacle
9951
06:18:14,000 --> 06:18:15,000
okay it generally has like a 15 amp
9952
06:18:17,520 --> 06:18:18,520
breaker in it just like you would in
9953
06:18:19,280 --> 06:18:20,280
your home to make sure it's not pulling
9954
06:18:21,360 --> 06:18:22,360
too much current
9955
06:18:24,160 --> 06:18:25,160
but it's not going to protect against
9956
06:18:26,160 --> 06:18:27,160
surges if you want that you're going to
9957
06:18:28,080 --> 06:18:29,080
need something called a surge protector
9958
06:18:29,520 --> 06:18:30,520
and generally there's going to be a
9959
06:18:30,320 --> 06:18:31,320
light on the surge protector that tells
9960
06:18:31,600 --> 06:18:32,600
you it's protecting against these surges
9961
06:18:33,440 --> 06:18:34,440
you can plug up a power strip by the way
9962
06:18:35,200 --> 06:18:36,200
through a search protector all right so
9963
06:18:37,520 --> 06:18:38,520
this protects against not only surges
9964
06:18:40,478 --> 06:18:41,478
but spikes as well and it does that
9965
06:18:43,360 --> 06:18:44,360
using that
9966
06:18:47,520 --> 06:18:48,520
arister which is a variable resistor and
9967
06:18:49,920 --> 06:18:50,920
you generally want that to be at least a
9968
06:18:51,840 --> 06:18:52,840
thousand joules
9969
06:18:53,600 --> 06:18:54,600
or more
9970
06:18:55,360 --> 06:18:56,360
we also talked about a ups or
9971
06:18:57,120 --> 06:18:58,120
uninterruptible power supply which
9972
06:18:59,840 --> 06:19:00,840
basically means battery backup you see
9973
06:19:02,320 --> 06:19:03,320
battery backup that's the same thing as
9974
06:19:04,080 --> 06:19:05,080
ups
9975
06:19:06,638 --> 06:19:07,638
and this allows you to shut down your
9976
06:19:08,080 --> 06:19:09,080
computer safely
9977
06:19:16,558 --> 06:19:17,558
then we talked about two tools the
9978
06:19:18,558 --> 06:19:19,558
receptacle which does one thing and
9979
06:19:20,958 --> 06:19:21,958
that's test the wall outlet
9980
06:19:26,080 --> 06:19:27,080
and then we also talked about a
9981
06:19:27,360 --> 06:19:28,360
multimeter which can do many many things
9982
06:19:29,600 --> 06:19:30,600
electricians will have it do a lot but
9983
06:19:31,200 --> 06:19:32,200
what we just went over is also how to
9984
06:19:33,360 --> 06:19:34,360
test a wall outlet but don't forget it
9985
06:19:35,520 --> 06:19:36,520
can test volts it can test current which
9986
06:19:38,160 --> 06:19:39,160
is measured in amps and can also test
9987
06:19:40,400 --> 06:19:41,400
ohms which is resistance
9988
06:19:43,360 --> 06:19:44,360
all right so now that we've talked about
9989
06:19:44,878 --> 06:19:45,878
all the we've talked about electricity
9990
06:19:46,478 --> 06:19:47,478
we've talked about the tools we've
9991
06:19:47,680 --> 06:19:48,680
talked about protection uh by the way
9992
06:19:50,000 --> 06:19:51,000
one thing i just want to re-iterate
9993
06:19:52,160 --> 06:19:53,160
because it's so important is we're never
9994
06:19:53,520 --> 06:19:54,520
going to plug up
9995
06:19:56,160 --> 06:19:57,160
a laser printer
9996
06:20:03,120 --> 06:20:04,120
to the ups
9997
06:20:04,878 --> 06:20:05,878
so now that we've discussed all of this
9998
06:20:07,600 --> 06:20:08,600
now let's get into power supplies
9999
06:20:09,680 --> 06:20:10,680
specifically and different power
10000
06:20:11,360 --> 06:20:12,360
connectors that are going to be inside
10001
06:20:13,120 --> 06:20:14,120
and on the computer
10002
06:20:19,020 --> 06:20:20,020
[Music]
10003
06:20:39,600 --> 06:20:40,600
power
10004
06:20:40,718 --> 06:20:41,718
power supplies and connectors
10005
06:20:43,760 --> 06:20:44,760
we've now discussed power and
10006
06:20:45,440 --> 06:20:46,440
electricity in general and what makes
10007
06:20:48,000 --> 06:20:49,000
electricity happen in a very broad and
10008
06:20:50,478 --> 06:20:51,478
general sense we've also talked about
10009
06:20:52,638 --> 06:20:53,638
some of the problems that can occur with
10010
06:20:54,240 --> 06:20:55,240
electricity and our offices and homes
10011
06:20:57,040 --> 06:20:58,040
when it comes to our computers and
10012
06:20:58,958 --> 06:20:59,958
electronic devices
10013
06:21:00,478 --> 06:21:01,478
we've talked about devices like this uh
10014
06:21:03,040 --> 06:21:04,040
power
10015
06:21:06,160 --> 06:21:07,160
a power strip or surge protector and
10016
06:21:08,558 --> 06:21:09,558
devices like this such as a ups or
10017
06:21:11,040 --> 06:21:12,040
uninterruptible power supply so now i
10018
06:21:13,360 --> 06:21:14,360
want to talk about the final component
10019
06:21:14,798 --> 06:21:15,798
of power which is power supplies which
10020
06:21:17,520 --> 06:21:18,520
are these things right here and
10021
06:21:19,680 --> 06:21:20,680
connectors which are these things right
10022
06:21:21,920 --> 06:21:22,920
here now we've seen some of this in some
10023
06:21:23,920 --> 06:21:24,920
previous lessons but it never hurts to
10024
06:21:25,600 --> 06:21:26,600
go back over it again for redundancy
10025
06:21:27,680 --> 06:21:28,680
sake
10026
06:21:28,718 --> 06:21:29,718
all right
10027
06:21:29,760 --> 06:21:30,760
so we're going to talk about power
10028
06:21:31,360 --> 06:21:32,360
supplies including what are power
10029
06:21:33,120 --> 06:21:34,120
supplies
10030
06:21:34,558 --> 06:21:35,558
the form factors they come in this is
10031
06:21:36,558 --> 06:21:37,558
not necessarily something you need to
10032
06:21:38,400 --> 06:21:39,400
memorize for the test but it's good to
10033
06:21:39,840 --> 06:21:40,840
be aware of
10034
06:21:41,360 --> 06:21:42,360
we're going to talk about wattage and
10035
06:21:42,638 --> 06:21:43,638
capacity and how power supplies are
10036
06:21:44,840 --> 06:21:45,840
rated and we're also going to talk about
10037
06:21:48,160 --> 06:21:49,160
fans or which are built into power
10038
06:21:50,240 --> 06:21:51,240
supplies and as we know from our
10039
06:21:51,840 --> 06:21:52,840
discussion of cpus and heat
10040
06:21:54,080 --> 06:21:55,080
this sort of actively cools the air uh
10041
06:21:57,440 --> 06:21:58,440
and keeps the power supply from
10042
06:21:59,120 --> 06:22:00,120
overheating and damaging itself
10043
06:22:01,360 --> 06:22:02,360
we're also going to talk about power
10044
06:22:02,798 --> 06:22:03,798
connectors these we've seen before when
10045
06:22:04,718 --> 06:22:05,718
we talked about storage including molex
10046
06:22:07,040 --> 06:22:08,040
connectors
10047
06:22:08,160 --> 06:22:09,160
berg connectors
10048
06:22:10,000 --> 06:22:11,000
sata connectors and then pcie connectors
10049
06:22:13,840 --> 06:22:14,840
all right so let's start with what are
10050
06:22:15,600 --> 06:22:16,600
power supplies well uh power supply as
10051
06:22:18,638 --> 06:22:19,638
you recall
10052
06:22:20,000 --> 06:22:21,000
converts ac
10053
06:22:21,920 --> 06:22:22,920
or alternating current
10054
06:22:25,600 --> 06:22:26,600
into dc or direct current so alternating
10055
06:22:29,600 --> 06:22:30,600
current is in the wall
10056
06:22:32,320 --> 06:22:33,320
and then what happens is it goes into
10057
06:22:35,520 --> 06:22:36,520
plugs into this device and through a
10058
06:22:38,240 --> 06:22:39,240
series of uh internal electronic devices
10059
06:22:41,040 --> 06:22:42,040
that i'm not going to get into
10060
06:22:42,958 --> 06:22:43,958
stuff like transformers
10061
06:22:47,120 --> 06:22:48,120
and inverters
10062
06:22:50,958 --> 06:22:51,958
and other devices it then converts all
10063
06:22:54,240 --> 06:22:55,240
this electricity
10064
06:22:56,320 --> 06:22:57,320
into
10065
06:22:59,360 --> 06:23:00,360
direct current
10066
06:23:01,040 --> 06:23:02,040
which is the current that the uh
10067
06:23:03,680 --> 06:23:04,680
computer can actually use
10068
06:23:06,718 --> 06:23:07,718
so as a result uh also because we need
10069
06:23:10,400 --> 06:23:11,400
the power supply to convert all this
10070
06:23:11,920 --> 06:23:12,920
alternating current to direct current it
10071
06:23:13,840 --> 06:23:14,840
supplies power to every device inside
10072
06:23:15,840 --> 06:23:16,840
the computer and you can see that there
10073
06:23:17,520 --> 06:23:18,520
are a bunch of different power
10074
06:23:18,638 --> 06:23:19,638
connectors we're going to go back over
10075
06:23:19,760 --> 06:23:20,760
these a little bit later
10076
06:23:21,280 --> 06:23:22,280
that allow us to do this so for instance
10077
06:23:23,600 --> 06:23:24,600
this big p1 connector right here we've
10078
06:23:26,240 --> 06:23:27,240
discussed when we talked about
10079
06:23:27,120 --> 06:23:28,120
motherboards this powers the motherboard
10080
06:23:29,280 --> 06:23:30,280
and the cpu and everything connected
10081
06:23:30,798 --> 06:23:31,798
directly to the motherboard we then have
10082
06:23:32,638 --> 06:23:33,638
connectors like the pcie connector
10083
06:23:35,120 --> 06:23:36,120
the sata and pata connectors which are
10084
06:23:38,240 --> 06:23:39,240
going to power our optical and hard
10085
06:23:39,680 --> 06:23:40,680
drives and uh perhaps even our floppy
10086
06:23:42,478 --> 06:23:43,478
drive connector if we have a floppy
10087
06:23:44,080 --> 06:23:45,080
drive so as a result we have a single
10088
06:23:47,040 --> 06:23:48,040
point of failure meaning that we have
10089
06:23:48,718 --> 06:23:49,718
one device in the computer that if it
10090
06:23:51,520 --> 06:23:52,520
fails the entire computer will fail and
10091
06:23:54,160 --> 06:23:55,160
as a result a lot of higher end systems
10092
06:23:56,798 --> 06:23:57,798
have multiple power uh supplies for
10093
06:23:59,200 --> 06:24:00,200
redundancy sake because again if this
10094
06:24:02,000 --> 06:24:03,000
single point of failure something you
10095
06:24:04,160 --> 06:24:05,160
might see uh referenced
10096
06:24:06,400 --> 06:24:07,400
as an spof a single let me write this
10097
06:24:09,440 --> 06:24:10,440
out
10098
06:24:14,638 --> 06:24:15,638
a single point
10099
06:24:21,200 --> 06:24:22,200
failure uh so as a result many of these
10100
06:24:24,240 --> 06:24:25,240
systems are going to have multiple so
10101
06:24:25,680 --> 06:24:26,680
that way i don't have a single point of
10102
06:24:26,798 --> 06:24:27,798
failure if one goes out i then have a
10103
06:24:28,878 --> 06:24:29,878
second one
10104
06:24:31,680 --> 06:24:32,680
uh some other things about it that i
10105
06:24:33,440 --> 06:24:34,440
want to point out first you'll notice
10106
06:24:35,440 --> 06:24:36,440
that right here the part that plugs into
10107
06:24:37,280 --> 06:24:38,280
the wall into that direct current uh
10108
06:24:39,440 --> 06:24:40,440
it's not connected it's not built into
10109
06:24:41,120 --> 06:24:42,120
the power supply so uh what happens is
10110
06:24:44,320 --> 06:24:45,320
usually your power supply or computer
10111
06:24:46,478 --> 06:24:47,478
comes with a cord that then allows you
10112
06:24:48,718 --> 06:24:49,718
to plug this into the wall now the
10113
06:24:51,040 --> 06:24:52,040
reason for this is because if i have
10114
06:24:52,878 --> 06:24:53,878
power supply and i want to in my
10115
06:24:54,958 --> 06:24:55,958
computer and i want to bring my computer
10116
06:24:56,478 --> 06:24:57,478
to another country or i'm a manufacturer
10117
06:24:58,878 --> 06:24:59,878
and i want to sell my power supplies or
10118
06:25:00,478 --> 06:25:01,478
my computers in many countries
10119
06:25:02,400 --> 06:25:03,400
this allows uh for us to use the same
10120
06:25:05,120 --> 06:25:06,120
power supply in many different markets
10121
06:25:07,440 --> 06:25:08,440
as you can imagine and depending where
10122
06:25:09,120 --> 06:25:10,120
you are in america we have um
10123
06:25:12,400 --> 06:25:13,400
sort of
10124
06:25:14,400 --> 06:25:15,400
connectors that look like this somewhat
10125
06:25:17,840 --> 06:25:18,840
but in different countries they have
10126
06:25:19,440 --> 06:25:20,440
them that might look like this right and
10127
06:25:22,320 --> 06:25:23,320
that's going to
10128
06:25:24,718 --> 06:25:25,718
be a different plug and as a result of
10129
06:25:27,360 --> 06:25:28,360
this different plug i can't i don't want
10130
06:25:29,440 --> 06:25:30,440
to build
10131
06:25:30,478 --> 06:25:31,478
something onto this that i can't use so
10132
06:25:32,638 --> 06:25:33,638
i'm going to
10133
06:25:33,520 --> 06:25:34,520
allow for external cords to be plugged
10134
06:25:35,360 --> 06:25:36,360
in so i can use it in different markets
10135
06:25:37,600 --> 06:25:38,600
all right the other thing you'll notice
10136
06:25:38,638 --> 06:25:39,638
that's on this power supply right here
10137
06:25:41,040 --> 06:25:42,040
is this on and off switch so i have a
10138
06:25:43,120 --> 06:25:44,120
master on off switch lest i let's say i
10139
06:25:45,840 --> 06:25:46,840
don't want to just unplug the cable
10140
06:25:47,520 --> 06:25:48,520
let's say i literally want to make sure
10141
06:25:49,440 --> 06:25:50,440
that no power can go into this computer
10142
06:25:51,680 --> 06:25:52,680
i can throw this on off switch and
10143
06:25:53,360 --> 06:25:54,360
you'll see as with all on off switches i
10144
06:25:55,600 --> 06:25:56,600
have a zero and a one the zero uh stands
10145
06:25:58,958 --> 06:25:59,958
for that off or it's actually a zero for
10146
06:26:01,840 --> 06:26:02,840
binary and then the one that is on okay
10147
06:26:05,600 --> 06:26:06,600
so this currently is set to
10148
06:26:08,718 --> 06:26:09,718
off
10149
06:26:10,558 --> 06:26:11,558
finally there's something that's not on
10150
06:26:11,600 --> 06:26:12,600
this power supply and but what you do
10151
06:26:13,600 --> 06:26:14,600
see is you see a little sticker here
10152
06:26:15,520 --> 06:26:16,520
and it says 220 volts only now you
10153
06:26:18,558 --> 06:26:19,558
recall uh
10154
06:26:20,478 --> 06:26:21,478
voltage in the us is different from
10155
06:26:22,400 --> 06:26:23,400
voltage elsewhere so in the us voltage
10156
06:26:25,360 --> 06:26:26,360
from the wall
10157
06:26:26,558 --> 06:26:27,558
is 120 volts
10158
06:26:29,440 --> 06:26:30,440
everywhere else for instance in europe
10159
06:26:31,920 --> 06:26:32,920
it's
10160
06:26:33,120 --> 06:26:34,120
around 220 volts okay now usually
10161
06:26:37,520 --> 06:26:38,520
there'll be a little red voltage switch
10162
06:26:39,520 --> 06:26:40,520
that allows you to use the power supply
10163
06:26:41,440 --> 06:26:42,440
in different markets so the cord takes
10164
06:26:43,920 --> 06:26:44,920
care of the physical specifications how
10165
06:26:45,600 --> 06:26:46,600
i'm going to plug it in but there's
10166
06:26:47,120 --> 06:26:48,120
generally a red switch
10167
06:26:49,840 --> 06:26:50,840
that you can flip that will allow you to
10168
06:26:51,760 --> 06:26:52,760
switch between the us 110 and the
10169
06:26:54,878 --> 06:26:55,878
european or the rest of the world's 220
10170
06:26:57,520 --> 06:26:58,520
volt
10171
06:26:58,320 --> 06:26:59,320
so this is important because you might
10172
06:27:00,160 --> 06:27:01,160
see on the exam you take your computer
10173
06:27:01,920 --> 06:27:02,920
to a new country it's not working why
10174
06:27:04,240 --> 06:27:05,240
it might be because you didn't switch
10175
06:27:05,840 --> 06:27:06,840
the little red switch which would go
10176
06:27:07,200 --> 06:27:08,200
right where this sticker is it's very
10177
06:27:09,120 --> 06:27:10,120
rare that i see a
10178
06:27:10,638 --> 06:27:11,638
power supply that only works in one
10179
06:27:12,080 --> 06:27:13,080
market the reason again being if i take
10180
06:27:14,080 --> 06:27:15,080
my computer
10181
06:27:15,360 --> 06:27:16,360
from america to let's say england i'm
10182
06:27:18,240 --> 06:27:19,240
going to want to be able to use that
10183
06:27:19,040 --> 06:27:20,040
computer there unless i have a switch
10184
06:27:20,718 --> 06:27:21,718
that allows me to do that at my computer
10185
06:27:22,558 --> 06:27:23,558
i now have to replace the power supply
10186
06:27:24,160 --> 06:27:25,160
which for most people is not an easy
10187
06:27:26,160 --> 06:27:27,160
task
10188
06:27:28,000 --> 06:27:29,000
so here i've listed some of the form
10189
06:27:29,840 --> 06:27:30,840
factors that the power supplies come in
10190
06:27:32,638 --> 06:27:33,638
you'll notice this atx which probably
10191
06:27:35,120 --> 06:27:36,120
reminds you
10192
06:27:36,478 --> 06:27:37,478
of a motherboard
10193
06:27:40,240 --> 06:27:41,240
form factor
10194
06:27:43,360 --> 06:27:44,360
and you'll see there are different types
10195
06:27:45,040 --> 06:27:46,040
of pin connectors generally either a 20
10196
06:27:49,120 --> 06:27:50,120
or a 24-pin connector and as i've
10197
06:27:51,600 --> 06:27:52,600
mentioned this is a p1 older models used
10198
06:27:54,240 --> 06:27:55,240
to have two
10199
06:27:55,920 --> 06:27:56,920
power uh connectors a p8 and a p9 i
10200
06:27:59,120 --> 06:28:00,120
don't know why they came with that but
10201
06:28:01,520 --> 06:28:02,520
covered just about the same space so
10202
06:28:03,120 --> 06:28:04,120
you'd have two 10 pin connectors that
10203
06:28:05,600 --> 06:28:06,600
then would plug into the motherboard
10204
06:28:07,360 --> 06:28:08,360
you'll see that each form factor
10205
06:28:08,638 --> 06:28:09,638
delivers different things for instance
10206
06:28:10,000 --> 06:28:11,000
some have access for pcie video cards
10207
06:28:13,760 --> 06:28:14,760
some have an additional
10208
06:28:17,280 --> 06:28:18,280
uh so here's a six pin connector some
10209
06:28:19,520 --> 06:28:20,520
have an eight pin connector uh this one
10210
06:28:22,160 --> 06:28:23,160
the atx 12 volt which is uh 2.3
10211
06:28:27,840 --> 06:28:28,840
uh
10212
06:28:28,638 --> 06:28:29,638
the version is 2.3 is also energy star
10213
06:28:31,360 --> 06:28:32,360
regulations which means that it's going
10214
06:28:32,798 --> 06:28:33,798
to use energy a lot more efficiently
10215
06:28:34,638 --> 06:28:35,638
again you don't have to memorize this
10216
06:28:36,080 --> 06:28:37,080
i'm just pointing this out to show you
10217
06:28:37,520 --> 06:28:38,520
that you have to make sure you have the
10218
06:28:39,360 --> 06:28:40,360
right power supply for your computer
10219
06:28:41,600 --> 06:28:42,600
that's going to interact correctly with
10220
06:28:43,680 --> 06:28:44,680
the devices that you have more
10221
06:28:46,320 --> 06:28:47,320
importantly for you to know is something
10222
06:28:47,840 --> 06:28:48,840
about wattage now
10223
06:28:50,160 --> 06:28:51,160
power supplies are rated in wattage
10224
06:28:52,798 --> 06:28:53,798
and if you recall watts
10225
06:28:55,280 --> 06:28:56,280
equal volts
10226
06:29:00,558 --> 06:29:01,558
times
10227
06:29:03,120 --> 06:29:04,120
amps
10228
06:29:05,680 --> 06:29:06,680
that's the potential power versus the
10229
06:29:07,280 --> 06:29:08,280
amount of current
10230
06:29:10,878 --> 06:29:11,878
and
10231
06:29:12,000 --> 06:29:13,000
this determines the maximum amount that
10232
06:29:14,878 --> 06:29:15,878
the
10233
06:29:15,600 --> 06:29:16,600
power supply is going to pull from the
10234
06:29:17,600 --> 06:29:18,600
wall
10235
06:29:18,400 --> 06:29:19,400
this is important because if i have a
10236
06:29:20,160 --> 06:29:21,160
lot of devices in my system i need more
10237
06:29:22,320 --> 06:29:23,320
watts if i have fewer devices i don't
10238
06:29:24,160 --> 06:29:25,160
need as many watts
10239
06:29:25,840 --> 06:29:26,840
power supplies range in general from
10240
06:29:27,920 --> 06:29:28,920
about 300 to 1000 watts
10241
06:29:31,520 --> 06:29:32,520
again the more watts the more devices
10242
06:29:34,638 --> 06:29:35,638
which is something you're going to see
10243
06:29:35,680 --> 06:29:36,680
on this slide in just a second
10244
06:29:37,920 --> 06:29:38,920
if you need to determine what kind of
10245
06:29:39,360 --> 06:29:40,360
power supply to purchase you can
10246
06:29:40,638 --> 06:29:41,638
generally find an online calculator go
10247
06:29:42,798 --> 06:29:43,798
on the google or yahoo or whichever your
10248
06:29:44,798 --> 06:29:45,798
favorite bing or whatever your favorite
10249
06:29:46,320 --> 06:29:47,320
search engine is and search for power
10250
06:29:48,718 --> 06:29:49,718
supply calculator and you'll see a web
10251
06:29:50,478 --> 06:29:51,478
page pop up that asks you what kind of
10252
06:29:52,320 --> 06:29:53,320
video card you have and what kind of
10253
06:29:53,840 --> 06:29:54,840
motherboard and what kind of hard drives
10254
06:29:55,680 --> 06:29:56,680
etc etc and you pop all that in and it
10255
06:29:57,920 --> 06:29:58,920
tells you how many watts there abouts
10256
06:29:59,680 --> 06:30:00,680
you need you might always want to go for
10257
06:30:01,440 --> 06:30:02,440
a few extra watts in case you're
10258
06:30:02,878 --> 06:30:03,878
planning on upgrading in the future and
10259
06:30:05,520 --> 06:30:06,520
as i've said more devices equal more
10260
06:30:08,478 --> 06:30:09,478
wattage so the more devices you have the
10261
06:30:10,958 --> 06:30:11,958
more powerful you want to make sure your
10262
06:30:13,680 --> 06:30:14,680
power supply is
10263
06:30:17,200 --> 06:30:18,200
finally uh you'll notice on the first
10264
06:30:19,040 --> 06:30:20,040
slide and here's the same picture that
10265
06:30:20,718 --> 06:30:21,718
there are fans
10266
06:30:23,360 --> 06:30:24,360
that are built into the power supply now
10267
06:30:25,360 --> 06:30:26,360
if you recall between fans and
10268
06:30:28,638 --> 06:30:29,638
heat sinks in the cpu world uh
10269
06:30:32,798 --> 06:30:33,798
fans are what we call active cooling
10270
06:30:34,638 --> 06:30:35,638
because they actively blow air out or
10271
06:30:37,360 --> 06:30:38,360
into the device in this case you can
10272
06:30:39,760 --> 06:30:40,760
imagine a lot of electricity going on in
10273
06:30:41,600 --> 06:30:42,600
here and it needs to make sure to get
10274
06:30:42,798 --> 06:30:43,798
all that heat out of the device and
10275
06:30:44,958 --> 06:30:45,958
generally speaking this is plugged up uh
10276
06:30:46,878 --> 06:30:47,878
the same place as you notice you can
10277
06:30:48,878 --> 06:30:49,878
plug up your
10278
06:30:50,478 --> 06:30:51,478
you know your cord right here so this is
10279
06:30:52,638 --> 06:30:53,638
on the outside of the chassis it's
10280
06:30:54,400 --> 06:30:55,400
generally like a big hole around this
10281
06:30:55,760 --> 06:30:56,760
and we'll talk about that when we get to
10282
06:30:57,040 --> 06:30:58,040
chassis
10283
06:30:58,638 --> 06:30:59,638
and so this uh fan has direct access to
10284
06:31:01,120 --> 06:31:02,120
the outside of the system this also
10285
06:31:03,040 --> 06:31:04,040
makes this one of the most fragile
10286
06:31:04,718 --> 06:31:05,718
components sort of from the outside and
10287
06:31:08,160 --> 06:31:09,160
in the power supply so they are built
10288
06:31:10,638 --> 06:31:11,638
into the power supply as you can tell
10289
06:31:12,798 --> 06:31:13,798
and it's usually if these things go bad
10290
06:31:15,120 --> 06:31:16,120
it's much more cost effective to just
10291
06:31:16,878 --> 06:31:17,878
replace the entire power supply because
10292
06:31:19,120 --> 06:31:20,120
you can imagine buying a new powers a
10293
06:31:21,200 --> 06:31:22,200
new fan for i don't know
10294
06:31:23,280 --> 06:31:24,280
in the us maybe a few bucks five dollars
10295
06:31:26,080 --> 06:31:27,080
um different currencies it's probably
10296
06:31:27,760 --> 06:31:28,760
equivalent not not too expensive but the
10297
06:31:29,760 --> 06:31:30,760
time it's going to take to unscrew this
10298
06:31:32,000 --> 06:31:33,000
uh make sure you ground yourself put it
10299
06:31:34,000 --> 06:31:35,000
in etc it doesn't seem very cost
10300
06:31:36,400 --> 06:31:37,400
effective when you can go out and buy a
10301
06:31:38,160 --> 06:31:39,160
brand new power supply for not much more
10302
06:31:40,160 --> 06:31:41,160
expensive than you can buy the new fan
10303
06:31:42,080 --> 06:31:43,080
all right so generally on the test if
10304
06:31:43,520 --> 06:31:44,520
you see something asking you about a bad
10305
06:31:45,040 --> 06:31:46,040
fan you're generally just going to
10306
06:31:46,400 --> 06:31:47,400
replace
10307
06:31:47,760 --> 06:31:48,760
the the entire power supply rather than
10308
06:31:49,680 --> 06:31:50,680
the fans the most common uh problem
10309
06:31:52,320 --> 06:31:53,320
you're going to see with power supplies
10310
06:31:53,760 --> 06:31:54,760
again is a failed fan it begins to
10311
06:31:55,920 --> 06:31:56,920
horror or quiz uh and make funny noises
10312
06:31:59,360 --> 06:32:00,360
generally that means your power supply
10313
06:32:00,718 --> 06:32:01,718
is about to go bad and if you don't have
10314
06:32:02,558 --> 06:32:03,558
a redundant one then it's probably the
10315
06:32:04,160 --> 06:32:05,160
time to replace it
10316
06:32:06,798 --> 06:32:07,798
okay so now we've talked about power
10317
06:32:08,718 --> 06:32:09,718
supplies we've talked about what they
10318
06:32:10,478 --> 06:32:11,478
are which is converting ac to dc current
10319
06:32:12,958 --> 06:32:13,958
the form factors which are generally atx
10320
06:32:16,000 --> 06:32:17,000
form factors different versions not
10321
06:32:17,840 --> 06:32:18,840
something you need to memorize but
10322
06:32:19,280 --> 06:32:20,280
something to be aware of the different
10323
06:32:20,878 --> 06:32:21,878
wattages and capacities they come in
10324
06:32:22,638 --> 06:32:23,638
meaning that the higher the wattage the
10325
06:32:24,878 --> 06:32:25,878
more devices it can hold and then fans
10326
06:32:27,040 --> 06:32:28,040
which are generally speaking the most
10327
06:32:29,360 --> 06:32:30,360
fragile component of the power supply
10328
06:32:31,360 --> 06:32:32,360
and if it goes bad you generally just
10329
06:32:32,798 --> 06:32:33,798
want to replace the power supply not the
10330
06:32:35,120 --> 06:32:36,120
fan
10331
06:32:35,920 --> 06:32:36,920
so now that we've discussed those let's
10332
06:32:37,360 --> 06:32:38,360
talk briefly about the power connectors
10333
06:32:39,440 --> 06:32:40,440
we see in a system most of these are
10334
06:32:41,520 --> 06:32:42,520
probably review for us
10335
06:32:44,240 --> 06:32:45,240
so first you can see that there are a
10336
06:32:45,600 --> 06:32:46,600
whole lot of power connectors that plug
10337
06:32:47,520 --> 06:32:48,520
in and the reason this is really
10338
06:32:49,040 --> 06:32:50,040
important is if let's say i want to plug
10339
06:32:51,280 --> 06:32:52,280
up uh four ide devices i need to make
10340
06:32:54,558 --> 06:32:55,558
sure that there are in fact four molex
10341
06:32:58,320 --> 06:32:59,320
connectors and i can see there's one
10342
06:32:59,840 --> 06:33:00,840
here one there one there and one here
10343
06:33:03,280 --> 06:33:04,280
right so i do have enough and that's
10344
06:33:04,958 --> 06:33:05,958
great
10345
06:33:05,760 --> 06:33:06,760
but let's say i want to plug up for sata
10346
06:33:07,920 --> 06:33:08,920
devices i need to make sure that i have
10347
06:33:09,840 --> 06:33:10,840
the correct number of sata devices or in
10348
06:33:13,200 --> 06:33:14,200
newer systems let's say i want to plug
10349
06:33:14,798 --> 06:33:15,798
up an old floppy drive for an old
10350
06:33:16,878 --> 06:33:17,878
customer who has everything on floppies
10351
06:33:18,878 --> 06:33:19,878
if i only have uh if i don't have this
10352
06:33:21,840 --> 06:33:22,840
bare connector
10353
06:33:23,360 --> 06:33:24,360
i'm not going to be able to plug up the
10354
06:33:24,878 --> 06:33:25,878
floppy drive all right so it's important
10355
06:33:26,558 --> 06:33:27,558
to realize that there are multiple
10356
06:33:27,680 --> 06:33:28,680
connectors
10357
06:33:28,798 --> 06:33:29,798
and we need to count them
10358
06:33:30,638 --> 06:33:31,638
quite literally to make sure that we
10359
06:33:32,400 --> 06:33:33,400
have enough connectors to connect all
10360
06:33:34,240 --> 06:33:35,240
our devices
10361
06:33:37,600 --> 06:33:38,600
so the first device
10362
06:33:39,200 --> 06:33:40,200
the first connector rather is a molex
10363
06:33:40,798 --> 06:33:41,798
connector and as we've talked about this
10364
06:33:42,798 --> 06:33:43,798
is used to power ide or peda a parallel
10365
06:33:45,920 --> 06:33:46,920
ata devices you'll notice that it is
10366
06:33:48,320 --> 06:33:49,320
keyed on the corners
10367
06:33:50,638 --> 06:33:51,638
up here so you can only plug it in in
10368
06:33:53,120 --> 06:33:54,120
one way there's also little sort of
10369
06:33:55,120 --> 06:33:56,120
grabbing plastic areas right on the back
10370
06:33:57,680 --> 06:33:58,680
here so you can grab onto something and
10371
06:33:59,360 --> 06:34:00,360
push it in
10372
06:34:02,000 --> 06:34:03,000
again
10373
06:34:03,200 --> 06:34:04,200
this these are necessary if i have an
10374
06:34:05,280 --> 06:34:06,280
ide or pata internal ide or paid a
10375
06:34:07,840 --> 06:34:08,840
device
10376
06:34:11,040 --> 06:34:12,040
i also have a bear connector remember a
10377
06:34:12,958 --> 06:34:13,958
bear connector is for floppy drives you
10378
06:34:15,440 --> 06:34:16,440
might also hear it berg connector i'm
10379
06:34:17,600 --> 06:34:18,600
not positive of what the
10380
06:34:19,280 --> 06:34:20,280
100
10381
06:34:20,400 --> 06:34:21,400
correct pronunciation as i think i hear
10382
06:34:22,240 --> 06:34:23,240
them both in the field you'll notice
10383
06:34:24,000 --> 06:34:25,000
this one is keyed as well you'll notice
10384
06:34:25,600 --> 06:34:26,600
there's sort of this plastic
10385
06:34:27,840 --> 06:34:28,840
piece which is sort of rising up you can
10386
06:34:30,000 --> 06:34:31,000
also see there are little device
10387
06:34:32,878 --> 06:34:33,878
parts right down here and that's because
10388
06:34:34,478 --> 06:34:35,478
when i plug this in and we'll see this
10389
06:34:36,638 --> 06:34:37,638
we saw this when we got to floppy drives
10390
06:34:38,718 --> 06:34:39,718
um
10391
06:34:40,160 --> 06:34:41,160
it sort of is a little higher up and so
10392
06:34:42,000 --> 06:34:43,000
this
10393
06:34:42,958 --> 06:34:43,958
pops it up so it makes sure the contacts
10394
06:34:45,040 --> 06:34:46,040
get in where they need to go so again
10395
06:34:47,120 --> 06:34:48,120
this is used to power floppy drives you
10396
06:34:49,600 --> 06:34:50,600
also hit see this is a mini power
10397
06:34:51,360 --> 06:34:52,360
connector
10398
06:34:52,400 --> 06:34:53,400
although the one i've always learned and
10399
06:34:53,840 --> 06:34:54,840
always heard and we've seen on the test
10400
06:34:55,440 --> 06:34:56,440
has been a berg connector or bear
10401
06:34:57,440 --> 06:34:58,440
connector
10402
06:34:58,878 --> 06:34:59,878
we then have a sata connector as far as
10403
06:35:01,120 --> 06:35:02,120
storage devices goes the great thing to
10404
06:35:03,120 --> 06:35:04,120
remember about a sata direct
10405
06:35:05,760 --> 06:35:06,760
power connector
10406
06:35:07,280 --> 06:35:08,280
is that it is used to power sata devices
10407
06:35:10,478 --> 06:35:11,478
so uh the data cable which is a sata
10408
06:35:13,600 --> 06:35:14,600
data cable and the sata power connector
10409
06:35:16,320 --> 06:35:17,320
are both have the same name you can see
10410
06:35:18,000 --> 06:35:19,000
a little keying right here on the side
10411
06:35:20,080 --> 06:35:21,080
there's a little keying there there's
10412
06:35:21,760 --> 06:35:22,760
also a little keying here
10413
06:35:23,920 --> 06:35:24,920
you don't see that sort of represented
10414
06:35:25,520 --> 06:35:26,520
on this side the power is slightly
10415
06:35:27,600 --> 06:35:28,600
different and one thing that's
10416
06:35:28,478 --> 06:35:29,478
interesting just to point out is this
10417
06:35:30,878 --> 06:35:31,878
orange cord which is going to offer a
10418
06:35:33,360 --> 06:35:34,360
different voltage or a different ground
10419
06:35:35,520 --> 06:35:36,520
okay
10420
06:35:37,040 --> 06:35:38,040
finally we have the pcie connector this
10421
06:35:39,280 --> 06:35:40,280
is a six pin pcie connector uh
10422
06:35:42,558 --> 06:35:43,558
it is keyed as well because the tops
10423
06:35:45,440 --> 06:35:46,440
of these are a little circular whereas
10424
06:35:47,280 --> 06:35:48,280
the bottoms are more flat i think you
10425
06:35:48,798 --> 06:35:49,798
can maybe see it a little better here
10426
06:35:51,280 --> 06:35:52,280
so i'm only gonna be able to plug it in
10427
06:35:52,718 --> 06:35:53,718
in one way
10428
06:35:54,478 --> 06:35:55,478
uh and these are generally for pcie or
10429
06:35:57,440 --> 06:35:58,440
graphics devices so remember pcie was
10430
06:36:00,000 --> 06:36:01,000
made specifically sort of to replace uh
10431
06:36:02,718 --> 06:36:03,718
the old agp advanced graphics port
10432
06:36:05,840 --> 06:36:06,840
devices so that's uh that's what this is
10433
06:36:08,320 --> 06:36:09,320
for and don't forget that most graphics
10434
06:36:10,080 --> 06:36:11,080
devices these days
10435
06:36:11,680 --> 06:36:12,680
have a gpu or a graphics processor unit
10436
06:36:15,840 --> 06:36:16,840
and so they need extra power to um uh
10437
06:36:18,958 --> 06:36:19,958
function to make the the fan say
10438
06:36:21,120 --> 06:36:22,120
function
10439
06:36:22,080 --> 06:36:23,080
and the cpu as well
10440
06:36:25,840 --> 06:36:26,840
all right so now we've talked about all
10441
06:36:27,440 --> 06:36:28,440
the power connectors including molex
10442
06:36:29,520 --> 06:36:30,520
berg sata and pcie so really quickly
10443
06:36:33,120 --> 06:36:34,120
let's just review all the stuff that
10444
06:36:34,400 --> 06:36:35,400
we've talked about we talked about power
10445
06:36:36,478 --> 06:36:37,478
supplies and what they are for the most
10446
06:36:38,798 --> 06:36:39,798
part is they convert
10447
06:36:40,638 --> 06:36:41,638
ac
10448
06:36:41,920 --> 06:36:42,920
to
10449
06:36:43,280 --> 06:36:44,280
dc alternating current to dc direct
10450
06:36:46,080 --> 06:36:47,080
current
10451
06:36:46,958 --> 06:36:47,958
there are many form factors the
10452
06:36:48,478 --> 06:36:49,478
important thing to know here is you need
10453
06:36:50,478 --> 06:36:51,478
to make sure
10454
06:36:53,200 --> 06:36:54,200
uh that you have a power supply that
10455
06:36:56,000 --> 06:36:57,000
interacts with your motherboard
10456
06:37:09,600 --> 06:37:10,600
all right we also talked about wattage
10457
06:37:11,360 --> 06:37:12,360
and capacity uh the important thing here
10458
06:37:14,320 --> 06:37:15,320
is more wattage
10459
06:37:19,840 --> 06:37:20,840
equals
10460
06:37:20,958 --> 06:37:21,958
more devices
10461
06:37:22,400 --> 06:37:23,400
and certain devices use more wattage for
10462
06:37:24,718 --> 06:37:25,718
instance a floppy drive is not going to
10463
06:37:27,200 --> 06:37:28,200
use as much as say an optical drive or
10464
06:37:30,080 --> 06:37:31,080
even a hard drive
10465
06:37:32,240 --> 06:37:33,240
finally fans there is a fan built in to
10466
06:37:35,440 --> 06:37:36,440
the power supply
10467
06:37:38,958 --> 06:37:39,958
it is always better to replace
10468
06:37:44,958 --> 06:37:45,958
the power supply
10469
06:37:46,478 --> 06:37:47,478
rather than
10470
06:37:49,280 --> 06:37:50,280
replace
10471
06:37:50,798 --> 06:37:51,798
the fan that's a book thing the power
10472
06:37:53,200 --> 06:37:54,200
connectors we talked about the molex
10473
06:37:55,200 --> 06:37:56,200
connector which is specifically usually
10474
06:37:57,600 --> 06:37:58,600
for
10475
06:37:58,400 --> 06:37:59,400
our ide or our
10476
06:38:03,760 --> 06:38:04,760
pata devices
10477
06:38:05,280 --> 06:38:06,280
uh beard connector which is usually for
10478
06:38:08,400 --> 06:38:09,400
our floppy
10479
06:38:11,680 --> 06:38:12,680
devices
10480
06:38:12,958 --> 06:38:13,958
sata which as the name we remember is
10481
06:38:15,840 --> 06:38:16,840
for our sata storage devices and then
10482
06:38:18,638 --> 06:38:19,638
pcie which is not for a storage device
10483
06:38:21,120 --> 06:38:22,120
at all but is for graphics
10484
06:38:24,320 --> 06:38:25,320
pcie devices which are getting more and
10485
06:38:26,400 --> 06:38:27,400
more power hungry so now that we've
10486
06:38:28,718 --> 06:38:29,718
talked about all the power supply uh
10487
06:38:31,120 --> 06:38:32,120
information we talked about what makes
10488
06:38:33,280 --> 06:38:34,280
uh electricity run the computer
10489
06:38:35,680 --> 06:38:36,680
components that are necessary to
10490
06:38:39,360 --> 06:38:40,360
the power components that you find in a
10491
06:38:41,120 --> 06:38:42,120
computer
10492
06:38:42,160 --> 06:38:43,160
and now i want to talk about chassis i
10493
06:38:44,558 --> 06:38:45,558
want to talk about the the structure the
10494
06:38:46,878 --> 06:38:47,878
skeleton that all this stuff is going to
10495
06:38:49,120 --> 06:38:50,120
go fit into
10496
06:38:54,080 --> 06:38:55,080
[Music]
10497
06:39:14,558 --> 06:39:15,558
chassis form factors
10498
06:39:19,120 --> 06:39:20,120
let's take a look at some of the
10499
06:39:20,558 --> 06:39:21,558
different skeletons that the all of the
10500
06:39:22,718 --> 06:39:23,718
computer parts can fit into
10501
06:39:24,878 --> 06:39:25,878
uh to begin with i want to talk about
10502
06:39:27,200 --> 06:39:28,200
the form factors of the chassis just
10503
06:39:29,200 --> 06:39:30,200
like the motherboard
10504
06:39:31,040 --> 06:39:32,040
there are different sizes that the
10505
06:39:33,440 --> 06:39:34,440
chassis come in and it's important to be
10506
06:39:35,520 --> 06:39:36,520
aware of them because when you buy a
10507
06:39:37,280 --> 06:39:38,280
motherboard you need to make sure it's
10508
06:39:38,558 --> 06:39:39,558
going to fit
10509
06:39:39,760 --> 06:39:40,760
and depending on your needs there are
10510
06:39:41,680 --> 06:39:42,680
different types of form factors so we're
10511
06:39:44,080 --> 06:39:45,080
going to talk about the main form
10512
06:39:45,360 --> 06:39:46,360
factors which include towers and desktop
10513
06:39:48,240 --> 06:39:49,240
and under towers we have full towers
10514
06:39:51,040 --> 06:39:52,040
mid-sized towers
10515
06:39:53,360 --> 06:39:54,360
and mini towers
10516
06:39:54,958 --> 06:39:55,958
and then we have the desktop form
10517
06:39:56,840 --> 06:39:57,840
factors which are the pizza box and rack
10518
06:40:00,478 --> 06:40:01,478
mounts
10519
06:40:01,600 --> 06:40:02,600
all right
10520
06:40:03,280 --> 06:40:04,280
so first let's talk in general about
10521
06:40:05,440 --> 06:40:06,440
form factors
10522
06:40:07,280 --> 06:40:08,280
generally this is directly related to
10523
06:40:09,520 --> 06:40:10,520
the form factor of the motherboard which
10524
06:40:11,040 --> 06:40:12,040
makes sense uh depending on how the
10525
06:40:13,040 --> 06:40:14,040
motherboard is made it needs to be able
10526
06:40:14,478 --> 06:40:15,478
to fit in a box that's constructed
10527
06:40:16,160 --> 06:40:17,160
specifically for it that's because the
10528
06:40:17,840 --> 06:40:18,840
motherboard has screws in certain places
10529
06:40:20,718 --> 06:40:21,718
needs certain cords etc etc so this uh
10530
06:40:24,718 --> 06:40:25,718
and the motherboard is the largest
10531
06:40:26,400 --> 06:40:27,400
component uh that's gonna go inside of
10532
06:40:28,958 --> 06:40:29,958
the
10533
06:40:30,080 --> 06:40:31,080
chassis and so it is the number one
10534
06:40:32,400 --> 06:40:33,400
component we need to address when we're
10535
06:40:34,798 --> 06:40:35,798
buying a chassis
10536
06:40:36,320 --> 06:40:37,320
so obviously as we've discussed when we
10537
06:40:38,080 --> 06:40:39,080
talked about motherboard form factors
10538
06:40:40,558 --> 06:40:41,558
atx
10539
06:40:41,840 --> 06:40:42,840
and micro atx are the two most popular
10540
06:40:44,798 --> 06:40:45,798
and they are backward compatible so you
10541
06:40:46,400 --> 06:40:47,400
could always put a micro atx motherboard
10542
06:40:48,400 --> 06:40:49,400
into an atx chassis you just have a lot
10543
06:40:51,440 --> 06:40:52,440
of extra space you're probably not going
10544
06:40:52,958 --> 06:40:53,958
to use so
10545
06:40:56,718 --> 06:40:57,718
generally speaking we have three uh
10546
06:41:00,160 --> 06:41:01,160
two or three types of form factors
10547
06:41:02,798 --> 06:41:03,798
two specifically the first is the tower
10548
06:41:05,280 --> 06:41:06,280
which means
10549
06:41:06,958 --> 06:41:07,958
it's a vertical right which means that
10550
06:41:08,558 --> 06:41:09,558
the height is greater than the width
10551
06:41:10,798 --> 06:41:11,798
if we turn that on its side we then have
10552
06:41:13,360 --> 06:41:14,360
flat desktop which means the height is
10553
06:41:15,840 --> 06:41:16,840
less than the width so right here this
10554
06:41:17,680 --> 06:41:18,680
is a tower now you could theoretically
10555
06:41:20,000 --> 06:41:21,000
turn this on its side but if you notice
10556
06:41:22,478 --> 06:41:23,478
you have sort of these drive bays which
10557
06:41:25,200 --> 06:41:26,200
could be for optical drives and those
10558
06:41:28,160 --> 06:41:29,160
would kind of pop out sideways which
10559
06:41:30,000 --> 06:41:31,000
some people do and it's not a problem
10560
06:41:31,760 --> 06:41:32,760
but it's not specifically made for that
10561
06:41:33,680 --> 06:41:34,680
now under the desktop models we're going
10562
06:41:35,760 --> 06:41:36,760
to talk about too but just i want to
10563
06:41:38,240 --> 06:41:39,240
point out that the pizzabox model which
10564
06:41:41,920 --> 06:41:42,920
we saw a lot more in the past and now
10565
06:41:44,160 --> 06:41:45,160
we're seeing more really mini sort of
10566
06:41:46,638 --> 06:41:47,638
computers that don't even fit into these
10567
06:41:48,878 --> 06:41:49,878
but the pizza box model specifically is
10568
06:41:52,240 --> 06:41:53,240
five centimeters or two inches and less
10569
06:41:55,120 --> 06:41:56,120
so the height is really small and that's
10570
06:41:57,520 --> 06:41:58,520
why it's been nicknamed a pizza box
10571
06:41:59,600 --> 06:42:00,600
because it is no taller than a pizza box
10572
06:42:02,638 --> 06:42:03,638
so let's take a look at a full tower
10573
06:42:05,120 --> 06:42:06,120
this is a full tower and the way i know
10574
06:42:06,958 --> 06:42:07,958
it's a full tower is uh not only because
10575
06:42:09,680 --> 06:42:10,680
i i don't have a
10576
06:42:11,360 --> 06:42:12,360
a tape measure or something out that i
10577
06:42:13,040 --> 06:42:14,040
can i'm measuring this with right now
10578
06:42:14,638 --> 06:42:15,638
right but i do know a uh
10579
06:42:16,878 --> 06:42:17,878
towers of full tower is generally 22
10580
06:42:18,878 --> 06:42:19,878
inches or more in height which is almost
10581
06:42:20,638 --> 06:42:21,638
two feet that's pretty tall
10582
06:42:23,680 --> 06:42:24,680
but you can look at it and tell because
10583
06:42:26,240 --> 06:42:27,240
it has six to ten externally accessible
10584
06:42:28,558 --> 06:42:29,558
bays and if i look right here i see uh
10585
06:42:31,840 --> 06:42:32,840
four accessible optical bays five and a
10586
06:42:34,400 --> 06:42:35,400
quarters and then i see two
10587
06:42:37,760 --> 06:42:38,760
three and a quarter uh sorry five and a
10588
06:42:39,680 --> 06:42:40,680
half five and a quarters up here and
10589
06:42:41,440 --> 06:42:42,440
three and a half's down here let me just
10590
06:42:43,520 --> 06:42:44,520
write that up
10591
06:42:50,478 --> 06:42:51,478
uh and i have six of them
10592
06:42:52,400 --> 06:42:53,400
these down here these are three and a
10593
06:42:54,320 --> 06:42:55,320
quarter bays they're probably not
10594
06:42:55,520 --> 06:42:56,520
accessible from the outside uh just
10595
06:42:57,600 --> 06:42:58,600
because this is where i'd probably put
10596
06:42:59,040 --> 06:43:00,040
hard drives and stuff like that and i
10597
06:43:00,478 --> 06:43:01,478
don't need to have access to that but if
10598
06:43:02,558 --> 06:43:03,558
you're someone who's going to have let's
10599
06:43:03,840 --> 06:43:04,840
say a huge station that needs a lot of
10600
06:43:06,400 --> 06:43:07,400
um
10601
06:43:07,600 --> 06:43:08,600
optical drives or you want to have
10602
06:43:09,120 --> 06:43:10,120
removable hard drives which is something
10603
06:43:11,040 --> 06:43:12,040
that sometimes you'll have if you have a
10604
06:43:13,120 --> 06:43:14,120
lab or if you have a server then you're
10605
06:43:15,520 --> 06:43:16,520
probably going to want a full tower
10606
06:43:18,240 --> 06:43:19,240
now the ratio of internal to external is
10607
06:43:20,400 --> 06:43:21,400
changing and part of that has to do with
10608
06:43:22,878 --> 06:43:23,878
the fact that now you have a lot of
10609
06:43:24,400 --> 06:43:25,400
removable hard drives and when we talk
10610
06:43:26,400 --> 06:43:27,400
about raid arrays later on in the course
10611
06:43:29,360 --> 06:43:30,360
which is a way of
10612
06:43:31,360 --> 06:43:32,360
having redundancy in your storage
10613
06:43:33,120 --> 06:43:34,120
devices this is something that gets
10614
06:43:34,718 --> 06:43:35,718
really important because you can
10615
06:43:35,840 --> 06:43:36,840
actually hot swap your hard drives which
10616
06:43:38,000 --> 06:43:39,000
means you can take them out and put them
10617
06:43:39,200 --> 06:43:40,200
back in without even turning off the
10618
06:43:40,840 --> 06:43:41,840
computer so that's a full tower
10619
06:43:44,000 --> 06:43:45,000
this is a midsize tower it looks a
10620
06:43:45,920 --> 06:43:46,920
little similar from the view but the
10621
06:43:47,360 --> 06:43:48,360
difference is not only that it's about
10622
06:43:49,840 --> 06:43:50,840
four inches at least four inches less so
10623
06:43:51,840 --> 06:43:52,840
it's about a foot and a half uh tall but
10624
06:43:54,878 --> 06:43:55,878
also it it has fewer external bays about
10625
06:43:57,360 --> 06:43:58,360
two to four external bays now this one
10626
06:43:59,680 --> 06:44:00,680
might be pushing it a little bit but
10627
06:44:01,680 --> 06:44:02,680
this one to me looks like a midsize
10628
06:44:03,920 --> 06:44:04,920
tower because i can see that there are
10629
06:44:05,920 --> 06:44:06,920
two bays right here
10630
06:44:08,240 --> 06:44:09,240
there are two more here
10631
06:44:10,558 --> 06:44:11,558
and so that's about four there might
10632
06:44:12,798 --> 06:44:13,798
have been one right here in the past but
10633
06:44:14,958 --> 06:44:15,958
obviously it's not there anymore so
10634
06:44:16,958 --> 06:44:17,958
again these are not uh hard and fast
10635
06:44:19,280 --> 06:44:20,280
rules but generally a mid size is
10636
06:44:21,040 --> 06:44:22,040
probably what you're going to see more
10637
06:44:22,080 --> 06:44:23,080
of those are sort of some of the dells
10638
06:44:23,920 --> 06:44:24,920
and such that you see out in the
10639
06:44:26,000 --> 06:44:27,000
business fields a lot
10640
06:44:30,160 --> 06:44:31,160
a mini tower on the other hand you can
10641
06:44:32,160 --> 06:44:33,160
definitely recognize because it has
10642
06:44:34,878 --> 06:44:35,878
maybe one to two external bays right
10643
06:44:38,000 --> 06:44:39,000
this one in fact only has uh
10644
06:44:40,240 --> 06:44:41,240
one
10645
06:44:41,280 --> 06:44:42,280
you know sort of two two places for an
10646
06:44:43,360 --> 06:44:44,360
optical
10647
06:44:44,320 --> 06:44:45,320
maybe one for uh uh floppy but this is
10648
06:44:47,760 --> 06:44:48,760
really much smaller and these are
10649
06:44:49,680 --> 06:44:50,680
typically 14 inches to 16 inches so
10650
06:44:52,000 --> 06:44:53,000
we're keep we're going even lower not
10651
06:44:54,240 --> 06:44:55,240
quite a little bit more than a foot but
10652
06:44:56,160 --> 06:44:57,160
but much smaller than that and again it
10653
06:44:58,478 --> 06:44:59,478
has maybe one to two externally
10654
06:45:00,240 --> 06:45:01,240
accessible bays the rest are all
10655
06:45:01,840 --> 06:45:02,840
internal uh so for someone who's kind of
10656
06:45:04,320 --> 06:45:05,320
on a budget doesn't need a lot of power
10657
06:45:05,920 --> 06:45:06,920
this is probably what you're going to be
10658
06:45:07,040 --> 06:45:08,040
using
10659
06:45:09,040 --> 06:45:10,040
all right so first i want to look at the
10660
06:45:10,400 --> 06:45:11,400
desktop pizza box this is actually the
10661
06:45:12,080 --> 06:45:13,080
front and the back of a desktop pizza
10662
06:45:13,840 --> 06:45:14,840
box and the reason uh it's a pizza box
10663
06:45:16,400 --> 06:45:17,400
is because this height
10664
06:45:19,600 --> 06:45:20,600
is about two inches no more and if we
10665
06:45:22,320 --> 06:45:23,320
look at the back it's really compressed
10666
06:45:24,320 --> 06:45:25,320
everything's sort of tight and in there
10667
06:45:26,240 --> 06:45:27,240
now the danger with something like this
10668
06:45:27,680 --> 06:45:28,680
and oh what's interesting too is you see
10669
06:45:29,600 --> 06:45:30,600
all the expansion bays
10670
06:45:32,840 --> 06:45:33,840
are here and that's sort of done using
10671
06:45:35,600 --> 06:45:36,600
something called a riser card uh which
10672
06:45:37,680 --> 06:45:38,680
we can which i think we've discussed
10673
06:45:39,520 --> 06:45:40,520
briefly but basically it's a card that
10674
06:45:41,760 --> 06:45:42,760
sort of goes in
10675
06:45:43,120 --> 06:45:44,120
and sits in the motherboard which is
10676
06:45:44,638 --> 06:45:45,638
sitting flat
10677
06:45:46,958 --> 06:45:47,958
this way
10678
06:45:50,400 --> 06:45:51,400
and it pops up and sort of allows you to
10679
06:45:52,798 --> 06:45:53,798
plug stuff in that way
10680
06:45:55,040 --> 06:45:56,040
so what of course these are really made
10681
06:45:57,040 --> 06:45:58,040
to kind of they used to put a monitor on
10682
06:45:58,798 --> 06:45:59,798
top of them
10683
06:45:59,920 --> 06:46:00,920
nowadays you also might put them off in
10684
06:46:01,760 --> 06:46:02,760
the corner put them on the side but
10685
06:46:03,440 --> 06:46:04,440
these are really skinny that's the point
10686
06:46:05,440 --> 06:46:06,440
of a pizza box really skinny really
10687
06:46:07,280 --> 06:46:08,280
compressed
10688
06:46:09,040 --> 06:46:10,040
a desktop rack mount so a rack mount
10689
06:46:11,840 --> 06:46:12,840
means and if you see these little things
10690
06:46:13,440 --> 06:46:14,440
right over here
10691
06:46:16,958 --> 06:46:17,958
so this is
10692
06:46:18,240 --> 06:46:19,240
horizontally
10693
06:46:19,680 --> 06:46:20,680
situated and remember when i was talking
10694
06:46:21,520 --> 06:46:22,520
about those removable hard drives you
10695
06:46:23,120 --> 06:46:24,120
could see those right here so you could
10696
06:46:25,360 --> 06:46:26,360
push on one of these blue things and pop
10697
06:46:27,600 --> 06:46:28,600
the hard drive out and put a new one in
10698
06:46:29,760 --> 06:46:30,760
uh but the reason this is called a rack
10699
06:46:31,520 --> 06:46:32,520
mount is this would actually slide into
10700
06:46:33,280 --> 06:46:34,280
a server rack so you might have five of
10701
06:46:35,360 --> 06:46:36,360
these stacked on top of each other in a
10702
06:46:37,440 --> 06:46:38,440
in a large server rack and if i'll just
10703
06:46:39,600 --> 06:46:40,600
do my
10704
06:46:40,798 --> 06:46:41,798
really poor drawing skills if this was a
10705
06:46:42,798 --> 06:46:43,798
rack
10706
06:46:43,680 --> 06:46:44,680
right and you'd have sort of
10707
06:46:48,638 --> 06:46:49,638
an inside
10708
06:46:51,280 --> 06:46:52,280
area
10709
06:46:53,680 --> 06:46:54,680
this is obviously three dimensions
10710
06:46:59,040 --> 06:47:00,040
and
10711
06:47:10,798 --> 06:47:11,798
all right and then what would happen is
10712
06:47:12,240 --> 06:47:13,240
you'd have sort of areas these could
10713
06:47:14,400 --> 06:47:15,400
slide on
10714
06:47:16,240 --> 06:47:17,240
and the reason you have these things
10715
06:47:17,920 --> 06:47:18,920
right here as you notice two screw holes
10716
06:47:20,240 --> 06:47:21,240
is then they would screw in
10717
06:47:23,040 --> 06:47:24,040
at some point at some
10718
06:47:25,360 --> 06:47:26,360
place on the rack and that way you could
10719
06:47:27,520 --> 06:47:28,520
sort of secure them in there
10720
06:47:31,040 --> 06:47:32,040
so these are really for server rack
10721
06:47:32,958 --> 06:47:33,958
mounts uh meaning that they're going to
10722
06:47:34,400 --> 06:47:35,400
be in server rooms you won't really see
10723
06:47:35,760 --> 06:47:36,760
them on sort of desktops
10724
06:47:39,120 --> 06:47:40,120
all right so those are all the form
10725
06:47:40,638 --> 06:47:41,638
factors again we talked about the tower
10726
06:47:42,558 --> 06:47:43,558
form factors including the full size
10727
06:47:44,400 --> 06:47:45,400
tower the mid-size tower and the mini
10728
06:47:46,638 --> 06:47:47,638
tower and then the desktops specifically
10729
06:47:49,440 --> 06:47:50,440
the pizza box and the rack mount so just
10730
06:47:52,240 --> 06:47:53,240
going over these one more time let's
10731
06:47:54,160 --> 06:47:55,160
recall that the tower is vertical in
10732
06:47:56,400 --> 06:47:57,400
nature whereas the desktop is horizontal
10733
06:47:59,760 --> 06:48:00,760
in nature a full size uh is generally
10734
06:48:02,718 --> 06:48:03,718
going to be about
10735
06:48:04,080 --> 06:48:05,080
22 inches mid size we're looking at
10736
06:48:06,798 --> 06:48:07,798
about 18 here we're looking at like 14
10737
06:48:09,120 --> 06:48:10,120
to 16. uh more importantly we're gonna
10738
06:48:11,760 --> 06:48:12,760
have about six to ten bays here
10739
06:48:14,558 --> 06:48:15,558
this one's gonna have probably between
10740
06:48:17,160 --> 06:48:18,160
[Music]
10741
06:48:18,798 --> 06:48:19,798
uh like two and six
10742
06:48:21,600 --> 06:48:22,600
and the mini is gonna have between one
10743
06:48:24,240 --> 06:48:25,240
and two
10744
06:48:25,600 --> 06:48:26,600
pizza mount is two inches high
10745
06:48:28,798 --> 06:48:29,798
pizza box rather and the rack mount is
10746
06:48:31,120 --> 06:48:32,120
for servers you're probably not going to
10747
06:48:32,798 --> 06:48:33,798
see all this stuff on the test but i'm
10748
06:48:34,400 --> 06:48:35,400
just telling you this because if you go
10749
06:48:35,600 --> 06:48:36,600
to the store you want to buy your own
10750
06:48:36,798 --> 06:48:37,798
computer this sort of gives you a
10751
06:48:39,280 --> 06:48:40,280
lingo to talk with all right so those
10752
06:48:41,760 --> 06:48:42,760
are the form factors of the chassis now
10753
06:48:43,520 --> 06:48:44,520
let's talk about
10754
06:48:45,520 --> 06:48:46,520
uh what makes the chassis the chassis
10755
06:48:47,360 --> 06:48:48,360
and some considerations that we see with
10756
06:48:49,280 --> 06:48:50,280
them and some customizations as well
10757
06:48:55,320 --> 06:48:56,320
[Music]
10758
06:49:15,840 --> 06:49:16,840
chassis
10759
06:49:16,958 --> 06:49:17,958
layout
10760
06:49:18,400 --> 06:49:19,400
so now that we've seen the form factors
10761
06:49:20,080 --> 06:49:21,080
let's talk about what makes a chassis a
10762
06:49:21,840 --> 06:49:22,840
chassis
10763
06:49:23,360 --> 06:49:24,360
we're going to talk about the layout of
10764
06:49:24,718 --> 06:49:25,718
a chassis
10765
06:49:26,000 --> 06:49:27,000
so that you know where all the
10766
06:49:26,958 --> 06:49:27,958
components go i want to talk about
10767
06:49:28,638 --> 06:49:29,638
something very specific with the chassis
10768
06:49:30,400 --> 06:49:31,400
which is the airflow it's not just made
10769
06:49:32,798 --> 06:49:33,798
uh just like your body uh your ribs
10770
06:49:35,520 --> 06:49:36,520
protect your heart from and your lungs
10771
06:49:38,080 --> 06:49:39,080
and all sorts of stuff from being
10772
06:49:39,360 --> 06:49:40,360
damaged uh
10773
06:49:41,680 --> 06:49:42,680
the chassis does that because of its
10774
06:49:43,440 --> 06:49:44,440
layout but it is also constructed to
10775
06:49:45,680 --> 06:49:46,680
allow
10776
06:49:46,478 --> 06:49:47,478
everything to work perfectly within it
10777
06:49:48,718 --> 06:49:49,718
and in the same way your chassis is made
10778
06:49:52,400 --> 06:49:53,400
to perfectly allow airflow
10779
06:49:55,440 --> 06:49:56,440
now we're going to talk about something
10780
06:49:56,400 --> 06:49:57,400
called intrusion detection which i think
10781
06:49:57,680 --> 06:49:58,680
we've mentioned before but what you
10782
06:49:59,440 --> 06:50:00,440
gonna see on the test and so i want to
10783
06:50:00,958 --> 06:50:01,958
point it out and then i just want to
10784
06:50:03,120 --> 06:50:04,120
show you some cool customizations that
10785
06:50:04,718 --> 06:50:05,718
some people have done to their chassis
10786
06:50:07,680 --> 06:50:08,680
so first the layout one thing you'll
10787
06:50:09,360 --> 06:50:10,360
notice of course and here i've sort of
10788
06:50:11,360 --> 06:50:12,360
stripped everything away from a chassis
10789
06:50:13,200 --> 06:50:14,200
is a chassis is a sheet metal enclosure
10790
06:50:15,920 --> 06:50:16,920
for the power supply the drive bays and
10791
06:50:17,920 --> 06:50:18,920
everything else the important thing to
10792
06:50:19,760 --> 06:50:20,760
know is that this is metal and the
10793
06:50:21,680 --> 06:50:22,680
reason that's important is because metal
10794
06:50:23,680 --> 06:50:24,680
conducts electricity it also means that
10795
06:50:26,638 --> 06:50:27,638
if the computer any of the computer
10796
06:50:28,638 --> 06:50:29,638
components are touching this it's going
10797
06:50:30,160 --> 06:50:31,160
to ground it and it's not going to work
10798
06:50:32,718 --> 06:50:33,718
right so we need to make sure that
10799
06:50:33,920 --> 06:50:34,920
everything is constructed perfectly and
10800
06:50:35,440 --> 06:50:36,440
screwed in perfectly because if metal is
10801
06:50:37,360 --> 06:50:38,360
touching the electricity components of
10802
06:50:39,520 --> 06:50:40,520
the computer it's not going to work
10803
06:50:41,200 --> 06:50:42,200
however when you're working on it it
10804
06:50:42,798 --> 06:50:43,798
also means that by touching this you are
10805
06:50:44,400 --> 06:50:45,400
grounding yourself releasing the
10806
06:50:45,840 --> 06:50:46,840
electricity that's in your body into
10807
06:50:47,840 --> 06:50:48,840
this chassis which makes it safer for
10808
06:50:50,000 --> 06:50:51,000
you to work on the computer
10809
06:50:52,080 --> 06:50:53,080
the rear panel back here
10810
06:50:54,160 --> 06:50:55,160
is and this we're looking at let me just
10811
06:50:56,320 --> 06:50:57,320
erase this the rear here which is what
10812
06:50:58,240 --> 06:50:59,240
we're looking at
10813
06:51:00,798 --> 06:51:01,798
is for peripheral connectors okay so
10814
06:51:03,040 --> 06:51:04,040
here you see where the expansion bays
10815
06:51:04,958 --> 06:51:05,958
would sort of pop out so if you plug
10816
06:51:07,120 --> 06:51:08,120
something into one of those uh
10817
06:51:09,120 --> 06:51:10,120
pci slots for instance here's where you
10818
06:51:11,600 --> 06:51:12,600
might see the connector for it
10819
06:51:13,840 --> 06:51:14,840
um and some chassis also have
10820
06:51:17,200 --> 06:51:18,200
rear panel uh sorry peripheral
10821
06:51:18,878 --> 06:51:19,878
connectors in front uh it's
10822
06:51:21,600 --> 06:51:22,600
rare that you see these expansion bays
10823
06:51:23,440 --> 06:51:24,440
but you'll definitely see
10824
06:51:25,120 --> 06:51:26,120
if you look here this looks like some
10825
06:51:26,798 --> 06:51:27,798
old pci slots
10826
06:51:28,798 --> 06:51:29,798
and
10827
06:51:30,320 --> 06:51:31,320
some other stuff could be coming out
10828
06:51:32,080 --> 06:51:33,080
here and sometimes you'll see like a
10829
06:51:33,680 --> 06:51:34,680
slot in the front for like usb sticks
10830
06:51:35,840 --> 06:51:36,840
we've pointed those out in a few in in
10831
06:51:37,520 --> 06:51:38,520
the past
10832
06:51:39,520 --> 06:51:40,520
um on the front panel we definitely have
10833
06:51:42,240 --> 06:51:43,240
a power button or switch a reset button
10834
06:51:45,280 --> 06:51:46,280
and several different leds so that you
10835
06:51:47,280 --> 06:51:48,280
know whether the computer is on the hard
10836
06:51:49,040 --> 06:51:50,040
drives working etc and those are
10837
06:51:50,878 --> 06:51:51,878
connected to the motherboard using
10838
06:51:52,240 --> 06:51:53,240
little cables and you see right here
10839
06:51:54,080 --> 06:51:55,080
this is actually a cable connected to a
10840
06:51:55,920 --> 06:51:56,920
um
10841
06:51:57,200 --> 06:51:58,200
that's a speaker and the reason that'll
10842
06:51:58,878 --> 06:51:59,878
be there is because
10843
06:52:00,320 --> 06:52:01,320
computers going through post it needs to
10844
06:52:02,000 --> 06:52:03,000
have be able to sort of let you know
10845
06:52:03,680 --> 06:52:04,680
that it's going well and it has that
10846
06:52:05,040 --> 06:52:06,040
beep but you'll see let me erase all
10847
06:52:06,798 --> 06:52:07,798
this so you can get a better look these
10848
06:52:08,160 --> 06:52:09,160
little cords you'll see them attached to
10849
06:52:10,000 --> 06:52:11,000
the case specifically where there are
10850
06:52:12,400 --> 06:52:13,400
power buttons and stuff and those are
10851
06:52:13,840 --> 06:52:14,840
probably down here someplace which is
10852
06:52:15,440 --> 06:52:16,440
why we don't see them um and those are
10853
06:52:17,920 --> 06:52:18,920
gonna have to connect to the motherboard
10854
06:52:19,200 --> 06:52:20,200
too that's just an important thing i
10855
06:52:20,798 --> 06:52:21,798
want to point out
10856
06:52:23,920 --> 06:52:24,920
uh the motherboard screws in to the
10857
06:52:26,000 --> 06:52:27,000
chassis along this lar the largest face
10858
06:52:29,200 --> 06:52:30,200
obviously the only part of this chassis
10859
06:52:31,040 --> 06:52:32,040
right here that it could really screw
10860
06:52:32,400 --> 06:52:33,400
into
10861
06:52:33,200 --> 06:52:34,200
is on this if this was standing on its
10862
06:52:35,200 --> 06:52:36,200
side you could imagine as well it's
10863
06:52:36,878 --> 06:52:37,878
going to connect to one of the sides
10864
06:52:38,478 --> 06:52:39,478
there are actually screw holes which you
10865
06:52:40,478 --> 06:52:41,478
can't see really well but they are built
10866
06:52:42,638 --> 06:52:43,638
in here's one right here let me
10867
06:52:45,680 --> 06:52:46,680
here's a screw hole right here and
10868
06:52:47,280 --> 06:52:48,280
they're all over and that allows you to
10869
06:52:49,360 --> 06:52:50,360
screw the motherboard in directly into
10870
06:52:51,440 --> 06:52:52,440
the chassis but that is going to connect
10871
06:52:52,958 --> 06:52:53,958
along this large face the power supply
10872
06:52:55,360 --> 06:52:56,360
is often in the top rear of a tower or
10873
06:52:57,760 --> 06:52:58,760
in the back rear
10874
06:52:59,520 --> 06:53:00,520
this is where the power supply probably
10875
06:53:01,040 --> 06:53:02,040
would go and you can actually notice
10876
06:53:03,600 --> 06:53:04,600
there are four screws which is how we're
10877
06:53:05,440 --> 06:53:06,440
going to connect the power supply these
10878
06:53:08,240 --> 06:53:09,240
screws by the way are different you can
10879
06:53:10,080 --> 06:53:11,080
see them over here that is to hold the
10880
06:53:11,840 --> 06:53:12,840
top on the chassis
10881
06:53:16,080 --> 06:53:17,080
are five and a quarter bays which we
10882
06:53:17,600 --> 06:53:18,600
pointed out which are going to be for
10883
06:53:18,798 --> 06:53:19,798
your optical drives that's like this
10884
06:53:20,638 --> 06:53:21,638
there are also three and a half inch
10885
06:53:22,400 --> 06:53:23,400
bays which would sort of be actually
10886
06:53:24,160 --> 06:53:25,160
over here although you don't see them or
10887
06:53:26,240 --> 06:53:27,240
underneath here uh and those are for
10888
06:53:28,240 --> 06:53:29,240
your hard drives floppy drives
10889
06:53:30,878 --> 06:53:31,878
solid state drives etc something that
10890
06:53:33,280 --> 06:53:34,280
some things that happen in certain
10891
06:53:34,558 --> 06:53:35,558
chassis is they will have more five and
10892
06:53:37,280 --> 06:53:38,280
a quarter bays and have adapters that
10893
06:53:40,400 --> 06:53:41,400
make this base smaller so even though
10894
06:53:42,000 --> 06:53:43,000
this is very large you might have
10895
06:53:43,920 --> 06:53:44,920
something that will build out
10896
06:53:46,080 --> 06:53:47,080
like this and then the hard drive fits
10897
06:53:48,080 --> 06:53:49,080
in
10898
06:53:49,040 --> 06:53:50,040
here all right so sometimes they'll do
10899
06:53:50,798 --> 06:53:51,798
that in order to
10900
06:53:52,478 --> 06:53:53,478
give you more flexibility
10901
06:53:55,920 --> 06:53:56,920
now this is a great image that really
10902
06:53:57,600 --> 06:53:58,600
demonstrates the airflow that's going on
10903
06:53:59,600 --> 06:54:00,600
you can see that there are vents all
10904
06:54:01,440 --> 06:54:02,440
over the place and if i just go back
10905
06:54:02,878 --> 06:54:03,878
really quickly you see all the vents and
10906
06:54:05,120 --> 06:54:06,120
you can sort of see them peeking out
10907
06:54:06,400 --> 06:54:07,400
from out there that are located uh on a
10908
06:54:08,878 --> 06:54:09,878
chassis
10909
06:54:10,320 --> 06:54:11,320
and you can see them here as well on the
10910
06:54:13,920 --> 06:54:14,920
front there's usually some venting and
10911
06:54:15,840 --> 06:54:16,840
what you see here is that the the front
10912
06:54:17,440 --> 06:54:18,440
vent is really bringing in some cool air
10913
06:54:19,600 --> 06:54:20,600
right there's a there's a fan built in
10914
06:54:21,360 --> 06:54:22,360
right here
10915
06:54:23,120 --> 06:54:24,120
and it allows cool air to come in run
10916
06:54:25,200 --> 06:54:26,200
over the hard drives in this case
10917
06:54:27,440 --> 06:54:28,440
and you saw that on the other one there
10918
06:54:28,718 --> 06:54:29,718
was a vent right there cool off those
10919
06:54:30,478 --> 06:54:31,478
hard drives which are very compressed
10920
06:54:32,638 --> 06:54:33,638
shoots the air in here you have hot air
10921
06:54:34,638 --> 06:54:35,638
now can come out the top and the back
10922
06:54:37,040 --> 06:54:38,040
and there's also a fan
10923
06:54:38,878 --> 06:54:39,878
here on the cpu that's going to help uh
10924
06:54:41,200 --> 06:54:42,200
you know run that so
10925
06:54:43,760 --> 06:54:44,760
these are perfectly constructed for
10926
06:54:45,520 --> 06:54:46,520
airflow and that is why it is extremely
10927
06:54:47,760 --> 06:54:48,760
important that
10928
06:54:50,240 --> 06:54:51,240
all of these
10929
06:54:51,680 --> 06:54:52,680
if
10930
06:54:52,478 --> 06:54:53,478
there aren't any open spots basically
10931
06:54:54,558 --> 06:54:55,558
all right so sometimes people will
10932
06:54:55,840 --> 06:54:56,840
install uh
10933
06:54:57,280 --> 06:54:58,280
an expansion sort of device and they
10934
06:54:59,840 --> 06:55:00,840
won't
10935
06:55:00,798 --> 06:55:01,798
and then they'll remove it and they'll
10936
06:55:01,920 --> 06:55:02,920
just leave a hole in here and the
10937
06:55:03,120 --> 06:55:04,120
problem is you're ruining the airflow
10938
06:55:05,440 --> 06:55:06,440
that was this was constructed for uh it
10939
06:55:08,320 --> 06:55:09,320
also means by the way that you need to
10940
06:55:10,718 --> 06:55:11,718
uh make sure that these are clean
10941
06:55:12,160 --> 06:55:13,160
because they get clogged
10942
06:55:13,760 --> 06:55:14,760
with dust obviously so cleaning these
10943
06:55:16,080 --> 06:55:17,080
with a damp towel on the outside uh and
10944
06:55:19,120 --> 06:55:20,120
some compressed air on the inside is
10945
06:55:20,798 --> 06:55:21,798
always a good idea vents are located as
10946
06:55:23,200 --> 06:55:24,200
i mentioned on either side front and
10947
06:55:24,878 --> 06:55:25,878
back and also on the top sun is on the
10948
06:55:26,878 --> 06:55:27,878
bottom this is why by the way you
10949
06:55:28,558 --> 06:55:29,558
shouldn't run your computer your laptop
10950
06:55:30,478 --> 06:55:31,478
computer directly on say a soft surface
10951
06:55:33,360 --> 06:55:34,360
like a bed or a couch because it it hugs
10952
06:55:36,558 --> 06:55:37,558
the computer too closely and doesn't
10953
06:55:38,080 --> 06:55:39,080
allow air to exhaust
10954
06:55:41,840 --> 06:55:42,840
so one thing that's uh
10955
06:55:43,600 --> 06:55:44,600
i think i mentioned it with the bios but
10956
06:55:45,120 --> 06:55:46,120
i want to mention it again here with the
10957
06:55:46,478 --> 06:55:47,478
chassis because it's directly related
10958
06:55:47,760 --> 06:55:48,760
something called intrusion detection and
10959
06:55:49,120 --> 06:55:50,120
this is an intrusion detection plug
10960
06:55:52,400 --> 06:55:53,400
it is a biased switch of which means a
10961
06:55:54,718 --> 06:55:55,718
push button and you can see that push
10962
06:55:56,080 --> 06:55:57,080
button right here that attaches to the
10963
06:55:58,160 --> 06:55:59,160
chassis and then
10964
06:56:00,718 --> 06:56:01,718
from the chassis to the motherboard and
10965
06:56:02,478 --> 06:56:03,478
what happens is when someone removes the
10966
06:56:04,958 --> 06:56:05,958
chassis
10967
06:56:06,718 --> 06:56:07,718
or the case
10968
06:56:08,240 --> 06:56:09,240
the switch obviously pops and changes it
10969
06:56:10,718 --> 06:56:11,718
then notifies the bios of this change
10970
06:56:13,760 --> 06:56:14,760
and that way the next time you open the
10971
06:56:15,920 --> 06:56:16,920
computer rather the next time you turn
10972
06:56:18,240 --> 06:56:19,240
on the computer it'll tell you some
10973
06:56:20,240 --> 06:56:21,240
there's been intrusion now if someone
10974
06:56:22,400 --> 06:56:23,400
really wants to get around this
10975
06:56:24,080 --> 06:56:25,080
they probably can and we don't see this
10976
06:56:26,160 --> 06:56:27,160
much anymore but i pointed out because
10977
06:56:27,840 --> 06:56:28,840
it has nothing to do with uh like
10978
06:56:30,400 --> 06:56:31,400
viruses like that kind of intrusion or
10979
06:56:32,718 --> 06:56:33,718
like hackers right or anything like that
10980
06:56:35,600 --> 06:56:36,600
it literally has to do with and we saw
10981
06:56:38,000 --> 06:56:39,000
it more with older computers
10982
06:56:39,920 --> 06:56:40,920
when someone
10983
06:56:41,200 --> 06:56:42,200
physically opens the computer and
10984
06:56:42,798 --> 06:56:43,798
intrudes on the physical uh computer
10985
06:56:45,200 --> 06:56:46,200
itself
10986
06:56:47,040 --> 06:56:48,040
finally i just want to point out some of
10987
06:56:48,240 --> 06:56:49,240
the cool customizations that you can see
10988
06:56:50,798 --> 06:56:51,798
on some of these chassis most chassis
10989
06:56:53,360 --> 06:56:54,360
through the 90s were referred to as
10990
06:56:54,798 --> 06:56:55,798
white box computers and that's because
10991
06:56:56,718 --> 06:56:57,718
they were sort of made of a
10992
06:56:59,200 --> 06:57:00,200
referred to as white box computers and
10993
06:57:01,520 --> 06:57:02,520
that's because they were made out of you
10994
06:57:03,280 --> 06:57:04,280
know they were white and they were
10995
06:57:04,320 --> 06:57:05,320
really boring looking and people started
10996
06:57:06,558 --> 06:57:07,558
you know
10997
06:57:07,600 --> 06:57:08,600
making black ones to make them a little
10998
06:57:09,280 --> 06:57:10,280
less annoying but
10999
06:57:11,680 --> 06:57:12,680
in the basically the last 15 years or so
11000
06:57:14,160 --> 06:57:15,160
people have really gotten creative with
11001
06:57:16,080 --> 06:57:17,080
the chassis here you can see someone
11002
06:57:17,680 --> 06:57:18,680
who's done a nice um a pretty cool
11003
06:57:21,200 --> 06:57:22,200
sort of
11004
06:57:24,160 --> 06:57:25,160
i don't know mayan uh thing but you can
11005
06:57:27,280 --> 06:57:28,280
see all the detail this person has
11006
06:57:28,878 --> 06:57:29,878
really put into it probably actually
11007
06:57:30,160 --> 06:57:31,160
made with foam or styrofoam
11008
06:57:34,000 --> 06:57:35,000
here's another one a lot of these are
11009
06:57:36,080 --> 06:57:37,080
made with a lot of different stuff
11010
06:57:37,840 --> 06:57:38,840
aluminum steel styrofoam as i mentioned
11011
06:57:40,798 --> 06:57:41,798
acrylic stuff would in this case it
11012
06:57:42,878 --> 06:57:43,878
looks like there's a piece of ply
11013
06:57:45,040 --> 06:57:46,040
you know and this is actually pretty
11014
06:57:46,638 --> 06:57:47,638
common is to you know let you see into
11015
06:57:49,280 --> 06:57:50,280
your computer and there's a really cool
11016
06:57:51,040 --> 06:57:52,040
one on the next page i want to show you
11017
06:57:52,718 --> 06:57:53,718
and this one has some black light
11018
06:57:54,160 --> 06:57:55,160
features as well i don't know exactly
11019
06:57:55,920 --> 06:57:56,920
why
11020
06:57:56,878 --> 06:57:57,878
and you can see
11021
06:57:59,040 --> 06:58:00,040
some of the other sort of features they
11022
06:58:00,400 --> 06:58:01,400
put on here including some custom faint
11023
06:58:02,558 --> 06:58:03,558
paint clear side panels certain windows
11024
06:58:06,878 --> 06:58:07,878
some internal lighting which you can see
11025
06:58:09,200 --> 06:58:10,200
here and that way people can look inside
11026
06:58:11,280 --> 06:58:12,280
and see stuff running for whatever
11027
06:58:12,638 --> 06:58:13,638
reason but really it's it's really for
11028
06:58:15,440 --> 06:58:16,440
geeks to geek out and impress each other
11029
06:58:19,360 --> 06:58:20,360
one thing is definitely with the liquid
11030
06:58:20,718 --> 06:58:21,718
cooling systems which we talked about
11031
06:58:22,240 --> 06:58:23,240
sometimes you want to be able to look in
11032
06:58:23,520 --> 06:58:24,520
and make sure those are running
11033
06:58:24,958 --> 06:58:25,958
correctly in this case it looks like
11034
06:58:26,558 --> 06:58:27,558
there's not even a
11035
06:58:28,478 --> 06:58:29,478
side case on here it looks like this
11036
06:58:30,478 --> 06:58:31,478
person is running hard drives
11037
06:58:32,798 --> 06:58:33,798
directly on his desk
11038
06:58:36,718 --> 06:58:37,718
all right so we've just talked about uh
11039
06:58:38,798 --> 06:58:39,798
the layout of a chassis again it's made
11040
06:58:40,400 --> 06:58:41,400
out of the sheet metal airflow uh
11041
06:58:42,798 --> 06:58:43,798
they're perfectly designed for airflow
11042
06:58:45,040 --> 06:58:46,040
intrusion detection which lets you know
11043
06:58:47,280 --> 06:58:48,280
whether someone's opened the case and
11044
06:58:48,878 --> 06:58:49,878
then customization some of the cool
11045
06:58:50,478 --> 06:58:51,478
things people have done so just uh want
11046
06:58:52,400 --> 06:58:53,400
to point out again
11047
06:58:54,240 --> 06:58:55,240
metal
11048
06:58:55,200 --> 06:58:56,200
uh that's really important okay because
11049
06:58:58,400 --> 06:58:59,400
that means you can ground yourself which
11050
06:58:59,920 --> 06:59:00,920
we'll talk about when we get to esd also
11051
06:59:03,360 --> 06:59:04,360
you have
11052
06:59:06,478 --> 06:59:07,478
power button and the reset button and
11053
06:59:08,958 --> 06:59:09,958
those need to plug in
11054
06:59:13,840 --> 06:59:14,840
to the motherboard
11055
06:59:18,718 --> 06:59:19,718
airflow they are perfectly designed for
11056
06:59:20,478 --> 06:59:21,478
airflow the important thing here is it
11057
06:59:22,080 --> 06:59:23,080
you need to clean them
11058
06:59:24,080 --> 06:59:25,080
clean the vents
11059
06:59:26,400 --> 06:59:27,400
you're probably going to want to use
11060
06:59:30,400 --> 06:59:31,400
a damp cloth on the outside
11061
06:59:34,240 --> 06:59:35,240
uh very
11062
06:59:36,638 --> 06:59:37,638
not very damp at all again water is
11063
06:59:38,558 --> 06:59:39,558
electricity's enemy okay you're probably
11064
06:59:41,040 --> 06:59:42,040
going to use compressed air
11065
06:59:44,160 --> 06:59:45,160
on the inside you don't want to use
11066
06:59:45,760 --> 06:59:46,760
vacuums
11067
06:59:46,878 --> 06:59:47,878
big mistake and that is a question on
11068
06:59:48,638 --> 06:59:49,638
the test
11069
06:59:49,680 --> 06:59:50,680
intrusion detection this is not having
11070
06:59:51,680 --> 06:59:52,680
to do with hackers this has to do with
11071
06:59:53,440 --> 06:59:54,440
has someone
11072
06:59:54,798 --> 06:59:55,798
opened
11073
06:59:58,958 --> 06:59:59,958
the system and then customization it's
11074
07:00:00,958 --> 07:00:01,958
just sort of a cool thing that people
11075
07:00:02,400 --> 07:00:03,400
have done you won't see that on the test
11076
07:00:03,840 --> 07:00:04,840
but i wanted to show you some pictures
11077
07:00:05,680 --> 07:00:06,680
not all chassis have to look the same or
11078
07:00:07,520 --> 07:00:08,520
be boring
11079
07:00:09,360 --> 07:00:10,360
all right so we've talked about
11080
07:00:11,040 --> 07:00:12,040
everything now we've talked about all
11081
07:00:12,638 --> 07:00:13,638
the parts components let's get into
11082
07:00:15,200 --> 07:00:16,200
building this computer
11083
07:00:22,080 --> 07:00:23,080
[Music]
11084
07:00:42,400 --> 07:00:43,400
building the computer
11085
07:00:44,558 --> 07:00:45,558
electrostatic discharge esd
11086
07:00:48,718 --> 07:00:49,718
before we can discuss putting the
11087
07:00:50,638 --> 07:00:51,638
computer together putting all those
11088
07:00:52,400 --> 07:00:53,400
components into the chassis and making
11089
07:00:54,160 --> 07:00:55,160
them work which will mostly be a review
11090
07:00:56,718 --> 07:00:57,718
of everything we've talked about
11091
07:00:58,878 --> 07:00:59,878
we need to discuss electrostatic
11092
07:01:00,638 --> 07:01:01,638
discharge
11093
07:01:01,840 --> 07:01:02,840
electricity and computers number one
11094
07:01:04,400 --> 07:01:05,400
enemy
11095
07:01:06,160 --> 07:01:07,160
because it can damage the computers and
11096
07:01:08,160 --> 07:01:09,160
it comes
11097
07:01:09,200 --> 07:01:10,200
straight from you because you have
11098
07:01:11,920 --> 07:01:12,920
electricity in you
11099
07:01:13,840 --> 07:01:14,840
it's actually based on a concept you've
11100
07:01:15,520 --> 07:01:16,520
learned about probably in elementary
11101
07:01:17,120 --> 07:01:18,120
school called static electricity which
11102
07:01:19,440 --> 07:01:20,440
is the same exact thing so we're going
11103
07:01:21,440 --> 07:01:22,440
to talk about ways to prevent esd
11104
07:01:24,240 --> 07:01:25,240
we're also going to talk about uh some
11105
07:01:26,478 --> 07:01:27,478
of the components and things that
11106
07:01:29,600 --> 07:01:30,600
some of the ways we ship items so that
11107
07:01:31,360 --> 07:01:32,360
they don't get damaged including
11108
07:01:32,878 --> 07:01:33,878
anti-static bags we'll look at an esd
11109
07:01:35,440 --> 07:01:36,440
mat
11110
07:01:36,400 --> 07:01:37,400
an anti-static wrist strap
11111
07:01:39,280 --> 07:01:40,280
anti-static spray
11112
07:01:41,440 --> 07:01:42,440
and then some of the environmental
11113
07:01:42,878 --> 07:01:43,878
conditions that are conducive to
11114
07:01:45,600 --> 07:01:46,600
esd and so we need to be aware of them
11115
07:01:48,798 --> 07:01:49,798
so first electrostatic discharge what is
11116
07:01:51,040 --> 07:01:52,040
it well if you remember from a basic
11117
07:01:53,680 --> 07:01:54,680
elementary school or basic physics this
11118
07:01:56,478 --> 07:01:57,478
occurs when two objects of different
11119
07:01:58,400 --> 07:01:59,400
voltages
11120
07:01:59,520 --> 07:02:00,520
come in contact and
11121
07:02:01,600 --> 07:02:02,600
the way you know it again is as static
11122
07:02:03,600 --> 07:02:04,600
electricity so you rub your feet on the
11123
07:02:07,200 --> 07:02:08,200
carpet you walk up to your best friend
11124
07:02:09,200 --> 07:02:10,200
you touch them and it gives them a shock
11125
07:02:11,920 --> 07:02:12,920
and of course when it comes to
11126
07:02:14,080 --> 07:02:15,080
components this can easily damage
11127
07:02:16,400 --> 07:02:17,400
components so with us it's we sort of
11128
07:02:18,320 --> 07:02:19,320
feel a shock and it sort of goes through
11129
07:02:19,920 --> 07:02:20,920
our body and the reason it goes we get
11130
07:02:22,000 --> 07:02:23,000
that shock right is because when i touch
11131
07:02:23,920 --> 07:02:24,920
my friend i create a circuit between the
11132
07:02:25,680 --> 07:02:26,680
ground and me the ground and them and so
11133
07:02:28,718 --> 07:02:29,718
the electricity goes through my body
11134
07:02:30,558 --> 07:02:31,558
through their body and then into the
11135
07:02:32,320 --> 07:02:33,320
ground
11136
07:02:33,360 --> 07:02:34,360
um
11137
07:02:34,240 --> 07:02:35,240
and with electronics as well if we
11138
07:02:36,638 --> 07:02:37,638
talking about if we're talking about a
11139
07:02:38,478 --> 07:02:39,478
piece of
11140
07:02:39,600 --> 07:02:40,600
computer that has core you know wires in
11141
07:02:41,920 --> 07:02:42,920
it that can conduct electricity i touch
11142
07:02:44,400 --> 07:02:45,400
that computer once i have all this
11143
07:02:46,240 --> 07:02:47,240
electrostatic discharge all this static
11144
07:02:48,478 --> 07:02:49,478
electricity inside of me and boom
11145
07:02:51,280 --> 07:02:52,280
suddenly i damaged the component however
11146
07:02:54,080 --> 07:02:55,080
unlike
11147
07:02:55,040 --> 07:02:56,040
with people you may not even feel the
11148
07:02:56,958 --> 07:02:57,958
shock because the amount of voltage that
11149
07:02:59,120 --> 07:03:00,120
it requires for you to feel
11150
07:03:00,718 --> 07:03:01,718
electrostatic discharge is actually
11151
07:03:02,798 --> 07:03:03,798
higher than the amount of voltage
11152
07:03:05,440 --> 07:03:06,440
that can damage a component based on
11153
07:03:07,200 --> 07:03:08,200
electrostatic discharge
11154
07:03:08,958 --> 07:03:09,958
uh so it's really important that even if
11155
07:03:11,200 --> 07:03:12,200
you don't just like with your hands only
11156
07:03:12,958 --> 07:03:13,958
because you they don't look dirty
11157
07:03:14,160 --> 07:03:15,160
doesn't mean you shouldn't wash them
11158
07:03:15,600 --> 07:03:16,600
same sort of thing only because you
11159
07:03:16,798 --> 07:03:17,798
can't feel static electricity
11160
07:03:18,400 --> 07:03:19,400
doesn't mean it's not there and doesn't
11161
07:03:19,920 --> 07:03:20,920
mean that electrostatic discharge
11162
07:03:21,760 --> 07:03:22,760
otherwise known as esd won't occur
11163
07:03:27,200 --> 07:03:28,200
so
11164
07:03:28,080 --> 07:03:29,080
the first thing i want to talk about is
11165
07:03:29,120 --> 07:03:30,120
an anti-static bag you may have seen
11166
07:03:30,558 --> 07:03:31,558
these if you've ever purchased an item
11167
07:03:32,718 --> 07:03:33,718
and in here you can see an item that's
11168
07:03:34,400 --> 07:03:35,400
being stored in this electrostatic bag
11169
07:03:36,798 --> 07:03:37,798
right what the electrostatic bag does is
11170
07:03:38,878 --> 07:03:39,878
these little black lines are actually
11171
07:03:40,160 --> 07:03:41,160
not lines they're little circuits
11172
07:03:42,400 --> 07:03:43,400
and those circuits because they conduct
11173
07:03:44,718 --> 07:03:45,718
electricity or constantly
11174
07:03:46,400 --> 07:03:47,400
in uh talking with the device inside and
11175
07:03:50,240 --> 07:03:51,240
so because the device even if it gets a
11176
07:03:52,240 --> 07:03:53,240
little bit of uh because the bag itself
11177
07:03:55,600 --> 07:03:56,600
cannot develop sort of static because
11178
07:03:57,920 --> 07:03:58,920
it's constantly being ground against the
11179
07:03:59,920 --> 07:04:00,920
outside this device can never get
11180
07:04:01,920 --> 07:04:02,920
damaged
11181
07:04:03,520 --> 07:04:04,520
so it allows for the ship the safe
11182
07:04:05,440 --> 07:04:06,440
shipment and storage of electrical
11183
07:04:07,120 --> 07:04:08,120
components but not only that it can also
11184
07:04:09,440 --> 07:04:10,440
be used to place components on them
11185
07:04:11,520 --> 07:04:12,520
because if you're if you think about all
11186
07:04:13,040 --> 07:04:14,040
these as being little circuits
11187
07:04:15,360 --> 07:04:16,360
right and they're talking to one another
11188
07:04:17,600 --> 07:04:18,600
constantly right it's very hard for
11189
07:04:19,600 --> 07:04:20,600
electricity to sort of build up because
11190
07:04:21,440 --> 07:04:22,440
it's constantly getting dissipated and
11191
07:04:23,280 --> 07:04:24,280
so when you can take you can take a
11192
07:04:25,200 --> 07:04:26,200
component out and put it on this and it
11193
07:04:26,958 --> 07:04:27,958
won't get damaged much smarter than
11194
07:04:28,798 --> 07:04:29,798
putting it on
11195
07:04:30,478 --> 07:04:31,478
just a table top or especially on
11196
07:04:32,478 --> 07:04:33,478
something like carpet which you should
11197
07:04:34,160 --> 07:04:35,160
never even work on
11198
07:04:37,200 --> 07:04:38,200
we also have esd mat which the concept
11199
07:04:39,120 --> 07:04:40,120
is somewhat similar
11200
07:04:40,638 --> 07:04:41,638
in here is actually a bunch of circuits
11201
07:04:45,600 --> 07:04:46,600
and uh this little
11202
07:04:47,680 --> 07:04:48,680
area right here allows you to plug up
11203
07:04:50,718 --> 07:04:51,718
a cable and at the end of that cable is
11204
07:04:52,878 --> 07:04:53,878
an alligator clip that alligator clip
11205
07:04:55,280 --> 07:04:56,280
you can connect to any piece of metal
11206
07:04:58,478 --> 07:04:59,478
specifically to the chassis remember we
11207
07:05:00,958 --> 07:05:01,958
said the chassis has a metal frame so if
11208
07:05:04,240 --> 07:05:05,240
we connect
11209
07:05:05,440 --> 07:05:06,440
this alligator clip to the metal frame
11210
07:05:07,600 --> 07:05:08,600
of the chassis it is now grounded off
11211
07:05:09,920 --> 07:05:10,920
the chassis so it grounds the surface to
11212
07:05:12,558 --> 07:05:13,558
a metallic object and now i can place
11213
07:05:14,958 --> 07:05:15,958
items on this without worrying that
11214
07:05:16,878 --> 07:05:17,878
they're going to be get some sort of
11215
07:05:18,400 --> 07:05:19,400
electrostatic discharge i can also put
11216
07:05:20,558 --> 07:05:21,558
myself on this in a way and it grounds
11217
07:05:23,200 --> 07:05:24,200
me to an extent
11218
07:05:25,200 --> 07:05:26,200
to build on this however we want to use
11219
07:05:27,360 --> 07:05:28,360
something called an anti-static wrist
11220
07:05:28,798 --> 07:05:29,798
strap the concept is the same instead of
11221
07:05:31,120 --> 07:05:32,120
having a mat though i have a wristband
11222
07:05:33,520 --> 07:05:34,520
now the wristband itself is not really
11223
07:05:35,280 --> 07:05:36,280
electro is not
11224
07:05:37,200 --> 07:05:38,200
uh doesn't have any cords in it it just
11225
07:05:39,120 --> 07:05:40,120
has a piece of metal right here it's
11226
07:05:40,718 --> 07:05:41,718
really simply designed that piece of
11227
07:05:42,240 --> 07:05:43,240
metal contacts with this wire that wire
11228
07:05:45,920 --> 07:05:46,920
has an alligator clip at the end of it
11229
07:05:47,360 --> 07:05:48,360
you plug that to the chassis and now you
11230
07:05:49,600 --> 07:05:50,600
are ground so what it does is it grounds
11231
07:05:51,760 --> 07:05:52,760
yourself to the chassis i want to talk
11232
07:05:53,600 --> 07:05:54,600
really quickly about this word ground
11233
07:05:55,280 --> 07:05:56,280
which i don't know if i've talked about
11234
07:05:57,520 --> 07:05:58,520
in depth when we talk about ground it
11235
07:05:59,200 --> 07:06:00,200
literally means the earth the ground any
11236
07:06:01,600 --> 07:06:02,600
electricity will go into the earth
11237
07:06:03,120 --> 07:06:04,120
because it because it is one of the
11238
07:06:04,798 --> 07:06:05,798
largest conductors of electricity that's
11239
07:06:06,718 --> 07:06:07,718
why when you have let's say a house
11240
07:06:10,320 --> 07:06:11,320
right and i have a lightning rod on it
11241
07:06:12,798 --> 07:06:13,798
and
11242
07:06:14,160 --> 07:06:15,160
lightning strikes that lightning rod
11243
07:06:15,840 --> 07:06:16,840
it'll go into the ground following that
11244
07:06:18,240 --> 07:06:19,240
lightning rod as opposed to striking my
11245
07:06:20,958 --> 07:06:21,958
house all right so that's the whole
11246
07:06:22,558 --> 07:06:23,558
concept behind a lightning rod
11247
07:06:24,558 --> 07:06:25,558
same thing is going on in your home you
11248
07:06:28,080 --> 07:06:29,080
have
11249
07:06:29,920 --> 07:06:30,920
a plug and one of those plugs generally
11250
07:06:32,400 --> 07:06:33,400
this bottom one is a ground and when you
11251
07:06:34,718 --> 07:06:35,718
plug
11252
07:06:35,520 --> 07:06:36,520
something in that ground automatically
11253
07:06:37,760 --> 07:06:38,760
actually follows goes all the way
11254
07:06:39,120 --> 07:06:40,120
through the walls and in the end it goes
11255
07:06:41,200 --> 07:06:42,200
into the ground outside your home
11256
07:06:43,760 --> 07:06:44,760
and what that does is it grounds all the
11257
07:06:46,400 --> 07:06:47,400
electricity to make sure that there's
11258
07:06:47,920 --> 07:06:48,920
not going to be any feedback and it
11259
07:06:49,440 --> 07:06:50,440
keeps fires from happening which is why
11260
07:06:51,280 --> 07:06:52,280
in newer buildings you see them
11261
07:06:52,638 --> 07:06:53,638
everywhere in older buildings you don't
11262
07:06:54,798 --> 07:06:55,798
so it's important
11263
07:06:56,878 --> 07:06:57,878
um that you ground yourself to the
11264
07:06:59,600 --> 07:07:00,600
chassis the chassis is a piece of metal
11265
07:07:01,920 --> 07:07:02,920
and whenever you touch metal right you
11266
07:07:04,000 --> 07:07:05,000
get a little shock
11267
07:07:05,440 --> 07:07:06,440
if you have static electricity once you
11268
07:07:07,680 --> 07:07:08,680
touch and release that shock though
11269
07:07:09,680 --> 07:07:10,680
there's no longer any electricity that
11270
07:07:11,280 --> 07:07:12,280
the you are the same voltage as that
11271
07:07:13,680 --> 07:07:14,680
piece of metal you'd prefer that to
11272
07:07:15,440 --> 07:07:16,440
happen with the the chassis rather than
11273
07:07:17,600 --> 07:07:18,600
with
11274
07:07:18,478 --> 07:07:19,478
the
11275
07:07:20,400 --> 07:07:21,400
computer component and so touching the
11276
07:07:23,040 --> 07:07:24,040
chassis actually is a poor man's esd
11277
07:07:25,360 --> 07:07:26,360
strap rather than have if you don't have
11278
07:07:27,760 --> 07:07:28,760
something to plug up that's constantly
11279
07:07:29,440 --> 07:07:30,440
keeping you in contact with metal you
11280
07:07:31,120 --> 07:07:32,120
can touch the metal and that will ground
11281
07:07:33,280 --> 07:07:34,280
you to the metal and then you can pick
11282
07:07:34,878 --> 07:07:35,878
up the component so this is not by no
11283
07:07:37,760 --> 07:07:38,760
means uh
11284
07:07:39,040 --> 07:07:40,040
shouldn't do all the time but if you
11285
07:07:40,478 --> 07:07:41,478
don't have an esd strap and you do need
11286
07:07:42,798 --> 07:07:43,798
to replace a component what you always
11287
07:07:44,878 --> 07:07:45,878
want to do is touch the chassis
11288
07:07:46,400 --> 07:07:47,400
continually touch the chassis with both
11289
07:07:48,558 --> 07:07:49,558
hands i try to keep one hand on the
11290
07:07:50,638 --> 07:07:51,638
chassis at all times you have to touch
11291
07:07:52,878 --> 07:07:53,878
and when i say the chassis by the way
11292
07:07:54,240 --> 07:07:55,240
you must touch
11293
07:07:55,520 --> 07:07:56,520
metal can't touch plastic plastic does
11294
07:07:58,000 --> 07:07:59,000
not conduct electricity
11295
07:08:01,360 --> 07:08:02,360
anti-static spray is more for the
11296
07:08:02,958 --> 07:08:03,958
environment as it says on this container
11297
07:08:05,280 --> 07:08:06,280
it neutralizes static electricity so if
11298
07:08:07,520 --> 07:08:08,520
you imagine there's a lot of don't
11299
07:08:09,040 --> 07:08:10,040
forget electricity has to do with i have
11300
07:08:11,120 --> 07:08:12,120
pluses i have positive and negative
11301
07:08:13,200 --> 07:08:14,200
right and basically what happens is when
11302
07:08:14,798 --> 07:08:15,798
these are in when these are neutralized
11303
07:08:17,360 --> 07:08:18,360
when when there's as many pluses and
11304
07:08:19,120 --> 07:08:20,120
minuses then i don't have electricity
11305
07:08:21,920 --> 07:08:22,920
happening i just sort of have a stasis
11306
07:08:24,000 --> 07:08:25,000
when i have too many pluses and not
11307
07:08:26,080 --> 07:08:27,080
enough minuses then uh
11308
07:08:28,958 --> 07:08:29,958
electricity occurs because it wants to
11309
07:08:30,718 --> 07:08:31,718
even this out
11310
07:08:32,080 --> 07:08:33,080
and that's how static electricity occurs
11311
07:08:33,840 --> 07:08:34,840
you get too many pluses on too many
11312
07:08:36,478 --> 07:08:37,478
positives on your in your hand and you
11313
07:08:38,478 --> 07:08:39,478
go over to the doorknob and that has
11314
07:08:41,200 --> 07:08:42,200
more minuses or less and suddenly you
11315
07:08:44,240 --> 07:08:45,240
press that and some of these will jump
11316
07:08:45,920 --> 07:08:46,920
over to that side so what this does is
11317
07:08:47,840 --> 07:08:48,840
it literally uh neutralizes that so that
11318
07:08:51,120 --> 07:08:52,120
way there is no
11319
07:08:53,040 --> 07:08:54,040
uh difference it's stasis so it reduces
11320
07:08:55,680 --> 07:08:56,680
the static electricity in the
11321
07:08:57,120 --> 07:08:58,120
environment and that way it allows it
11322
07:08:59,520 --> 07:09:00,520
allows you to do what you need to do
11323
07:09:01,040 --> 07:09:02,040
with less worry of there being um of you
11324
07:09:04,478 --> 07:09:05,478
getting electricity static electricity
11325
07:09:06,558 --> 07:09:07,558
uh by walking around or doing something
11326
07:09:09,520 --> 07:09:10,520
it's especially useful in dry areas i
11327
07:09:12,400 --> 07:09:13,400
don't know if anyone if you live in a
11328
07:09:13,760 --> 07:09:14,760
dry area but i once lived in the desert
11329
07:09:15,760 --> 07:09:16,760
in las vegas nevada u.s and
11330
07:09:19,280 --> 07:09:20,280
every time i'd go to my car i touched my
11331
07:09:20,958 --> 07:09:21,958
car and i would get a shock because when
11332
07:09:23,440 --> 07:09:24,440
there's less
11333
07:09:24,400 --> 07:09:25,400
water in the air
11334
07:09:26,320 --> 07:09:27,320
and if you imagine they're in in the air
11335
07:09:28,000 --> 07:09:29,000
there's like
11336
07:09:29,280 --> 07:09:30,280
you know you can't see it but it's less
11337
07:09:31,440 --> 07:09:32,440
humid humidity means there's
11338
07:09:33,600 --> 07:09:34,600
dampness in the air when there's less
11339
07:09:35,360 --> 07:09:36,360
water less dampness in the air there's
11340
07:09:37,120 --> 07:09:38,120
no place for the electricity from your
11341
07:09:38,478 --> 07:09:39,478
body to go and so uh it
11342
07:09:41,600 --> 07:09:42,600
it'll go to the first thing you touch in
11343
07:09:43,280 --> 07:09:44,280
my case it was the car door or it could
11344
07:09:44,798 --> 07:09:45,798
have been um a computer component
11345
07:09:47,920 --> 07:09:48,920
so in dry areas you definitely want to
11346
07:09:50,798 --> 07:09:51,798
have something like this that's going to
11347
07:09:52,320 --> 07:09:53,320
neutralize that and even more so you
11348
07:09:54,240 --> 07:09:55,240
want to see if you have a humidifier
11349
07:09:56,638 --> 07:09:57,638
which brings me to some of the
11350
07:09:57,600 --> 07:09:58,600
environmental factors by the way here's
11351
07:09:59,280 --> 07:10:00,280
another anti-static mat
11352
07:10:01,680 --> 07:10:02,680
here's some spray
11353
07:10:03,360 --> 07:10:04,360
here's the node
11354
07:10:04,878 --> 07:10:05,878
and this is some replacements for that
11355
07:10:07,520 --> 07:10:08,520
okay but
11356
07:10:09,120 --> 07:10:10,120
you do not work on carpeted areas ever
11357
07:10:11,760 --> 07:10:12,760
don't work on them as you know i rub
11358
07:10:13,760 --> 07:10:14,760
against carpet that causes static
11359
07:10:15,360 --> 07:10:16,360
electricity it's a big no-no you also
11360
07:10:18,320 --> 07:10:19,320
want to keep the humidity high above 50
11361
07:10:20,558 --> 07:10:21,558
this is key okay this will come up on
11362
07:10:22,478 --> 07:10:23,478
the test humidity high is an
11363
07:10:24,478 --> 07:10:25,478
environmental factor that you definitely
11364
07:10:26,400 --> 07:10:27,400
want humidity can cause paper to stick
11365
07:10:28,478 --> 07:10:29,478
together so in a printer situation it
11366
07:10:30,000 --> 07:10:31,000
might not be the best thing but if i'm
11367
07:10:31,920 --> 07:10:32,920
opening computer parts or i'm in a
11368
07:10:33,600 --> 07:10:34,600
server room i definitely want it to be
11369
07:10:35,520 --> 07:10:36,520
high humidity so that's why you'll
11370
07:10:37,120 --> 07:10:38,120
always see very expensive uh humidifiers
11371
07:10:39,840 --> 07:10:40,840
and hvac systems in servers not just so
11372
07:10:42,400 --> 07:10:43,400
that the humidity stays high but also so
11373
07:10:45,440 --> 07:10:46,440
that the environment is cool and that
11374
07:10:47,280 --> 07:10:48,280
prevents overheating don't forget
11375
07:10:49,760 --> 07:10:50,760
let's say you're driving around you go
11376
07:10:51,760 --> 07:10:52,760
into a client's site uh you fix
11377
07:10:53,920 --> 07:10:54,920
something you come back you have all
11378
07:10:55,280 --> 07:10:56,280
these parts
11379
07:10:56,400 --> 07:10:57,400
scorching outside you might have just
11380
07:10:58,080 --> 07:10:59,080
damaged something because it's been left
11381
07:10:59,680 --> 07:11:00,680
in the heat
11382
07:11:03,200 --> 07:11:04,200
alright so we've talked about esd
11383
07:11:05,600 --> 07:11:06,600
including anti-static bags esd mats
11384
07:11:08,718 --> 07:11:09,718
anti-static wrist straps anti-static
11385
07:11:11,200 --> 07:11:12,200
spray and environmental conditions
11386
07:11:13,520 --> 07:11:14,520
really quickly again esd prevention this
11387
07:11:15,760 --> 07:11:16,760
has to do with static electricity right
11388
07:11:18,240 --> 07:11:19,240
we don't want static electricity and
11389
07:11:20,958 --> 07:11:21,958
only because
11390
07:11:27,120 --> 07:11:28,120
only cause you don't feel it
11391
07:11:38,798 --> 07:11:39,798
it doesn't mean it's not there
11392
07:11:47,360 --> 07:11:48,360
antistatic bag this is for shipping
11393
07:11:51,280 --> 07:11:52,280
items you can also place items on the
11394
07:11:53,360 --> 07:11:54,360
anti-static bag sometimes your cpu your
11395
07:11:55,920 --> 07:11:56,920
ram will come in these bags uh
11396
07:11:58,798 --> 07:11:59,798
depends on how they're packaged esd mat
11397
07:12:02,798 --> 07:12:03,798
grounds the surface that you're working
11398
07:12:04,320 --> 07:12:05,320
on
11399
07:12:05,600 --> 07:12:06,600
most people will actually have an esd
11400
07:12:07,360 --> 07:12:08,360
mat and they'll have an anti-static
11401
07:12:09,120 --> 07:12:10,120
wrist strap which grounds you
11402
07:12:14,400 --> 07:12:15,400
both of these
11403
07:12:16,718 --> 07:12:17,718
we generally will attach to
11404
07:12:21,120 --> 07:12:22,120
the chassis
11405
07:12:22,400 --> 07:12:23,400
specifically to a metal part of the
11406
07:12:24,080 --> 07:12:25,080
chassis
11407
07:12:25,600 --> 07:12:26,600
the antisporadics anti-static spray
11408
07:12:28,400 --> 07:12:29,400
neutralizes
11409
07:12:30,320 --> 07:12:31,320
electricity in the air and the important
11410
07:12:32,558 --> 07:12:33,558
thing to remember out of environmental
11411
07:12:34,080 --> 07:12:35,080
conditions
11412
07:12:35,360 --> 07:12:36,360
is high humidity
11413
07:12:43,600 --> 07:12:44,600
all right
11414
07:12:44,638 --> 07:12:45,638
we've talked about preventing
11415
07:12:45,600 --> 07:12:46,600
electrostatic discharge we've talked
11416
07:12:47,440 --> 07:12:48,440
about now being safe when i'm putting
11417
07:12:49,360 --> 07:12:50,360
the computer together so that being said
11418
07:12:51,600 --> 07:12:52,600
let's get into putting a computer
11419
07:12:53,280 --> 07:12:54,280
together and building it
11420
07:12:59,350 --> 07:13:00,350
[Music]
11421
07:13:19,760 --> 07:13:20,760
building the computer
11422
07:13:21,440 --> 07:13:22,440
chassis motherboard cpu and ram
11423
07:13:25,840 --> 07:13:26,840
so let's get into the the fun part which
11424
07:13:27,840 --> 07:13:28,840
is actually putting the computer
11425
07:13:28,958 --> 07:13:29,958
together and i want to talk about the
11426
07:13:30,718 --> 07:13:31,718
first few components you can do this in
11427
07:13:33,120 --> 07:13:34,120
several different orders this is the
11428
07:13:34,320 --> 07:13:35,320
order i prefer uh and i'll point out the
11429
07:13:37,200 --> 07:13:38,200
parts that are particularly pertinent to
11430
07:13:38,958 --> 07:13:39,958
the exam
11431
07:13:40,160 --> 07:13:41,160
so first we're going to talk about
11432
07:13:41,520 --> 07:13:42,520
choosing the parts the correct parts
11433
07:13:43,280 --> 07:13:44,280
we've already discussed that in great
11434
07:13:44,958 --> 07:13:45,958
detail so i'll just remind you of some
11435
07:13:46,878 --> 07:13:47,878
things we'll prepare the chassis
11436
07:13:49,520 --> 07:13:50,520
install the motherboard install the cpu
11437
07:13:52,478 --> 07:13:53,478
and then install the ram and then in the
11438
07:13:54,638 --> 07:13:55,638
next video we'll finish up by installing
11439
07:13:56,718 --> 07:13:57,718
the storage devices uh connecting all
11440
07:13:59,200 --> 07:14:00,200
the power
11441
07:14:00,240 --> 07:14:01,240
and booting it up
11442
07:14:02,558 --> 07:14:03,558
all right so first choosing the parts uh
11443
07:14:05,680 --> 07:14:06,680
one thing you have to do first is
11444
07:14:06,958 --> 07:14:07,958
determine what your needs are if you're
11445
07:14:08,878 --> 07:14:09,878
a high uh if you're a high needs
11446
07:14:10,878 --> 07:14:11,878
individual for instance and you need a
11447
07:14:12,958 --> 07:14:13,958
graph a high graphics
11448
07:14:15,120 --> 07:14:16,120
sort of system for gaming for instance
11449
07:14:17,200 --> 07:14:18,200
you're probably going to want a pcie
11450
07:14:19,520 --> 07:14:20,520
graphics part port if you're someone who
11451
07:14:21,360 --> 07:14:22,360
doesn't really care about that then it
11452
07:14:22,878 --> 07:14:23,878
doesn't really matter if your
11453
07:14:23,840 --> 07:14:24,840
motherboard has a pcie slot uh and you
11454
07:14:26,400 --> 07:14:27,400
don't mind if you your motherboard for
11455
07:14:28,080 --> 07:14:29,080
instance has a built on graphics um so
11456
07:14:30,798 --> 07:14:31,798
what are your needs that's the first
11457
07:14:32,000 --> 07:14:33,000
thing to determine that's going to
11458
07:14:33,120 --> 07:14:34,120
determine
11459
07:14:34,478 --> 07:14:35,478
what kind of motherboard you're going to
11460
07:14:36,400 --> 07:14:37,400
purchase based on uh how much cpus
11461
07:14:41,520 --> 07:14:42,520
power you need and also
11462
07:14:43,920 --> 07:14:44,920
the amount of ram you need so once you
11463
07:14:46,160 --> 07:14:47,160
get your motherboard you know compatible
11464
07:14:48,000 --> 07:14:49,000
case can connect to that you also know
11465
07:14:50,400 --> 07:14:51,400
what the compatible processor is you
11466
07:14:52,320 --> 07:14:53,320
want what kind of cpu which is going to
11467
07:14:54,240 --> 07:14:55,240
be directly determined uh you know by
11468
07:14:57,360 --> 07:14:58,360
what slot is on that motherboard
11469
07:15:00,080 --> 07:15:01,080
or and then also what compatible ram you
11470
07:15:02,798 --> 07:15:03,798
need and how much of it if you only have
11471
07:15:04,958 --> 07:15:05,958
two slots for ram on your motherboard
11472
07:15:07,440 --> 07:15:08,440
then you're limited in how much you can
11473
07:15:08,958 --> 07:15:09,958
upgrade
11474
07:15:10,958 --> 07:15:11,958
uh you also want to know how many
11475
07:15:12,400 --> 07:15:13,400
expansion ports you want so back here i
11476
07:15:14,400 --> 07:15:15,400
can throw on a lot of expansion ports on
11477
07:15:16,400 --> 07:15:17,400
this chassis uh what if my motherboard
11478
07:15:18,240 --> 07:15:19,240
only has room for two expansion ports
11479
07:15:21,280 --> 07:15:22,280
maybe i don't need them maybe i'm not
11480
07:15:23,040 --> 07:15:24,040
looking to add a lot of stuff generally
11481
07:15:25,040 --> 07:15:26,040
speaking you're going to want to
11482
07:15:26,000 --> 07:15:27,000
definitely add
11483
07:15:27,440 --> 07:15:28,440
if you're a high-end user maybe a sound
11484
07:15:29,760 --> 07:15:30,760
card video card that stuff is generally
11485
07:15:31,760 --> 07:15:32,760
going to come integrated into the
11486
07:15:33,120 --> 07:15:34,120
motherboard but you might want to
11487
07:15:34,240 --> 07:15:35,240
upgrade it
11488
07:15:36,160 --> 07:15:37,160
and of course what i o ports do you want
11489
07:15:38,080 --> 07:15:39,080
on it do you want your motherboard to
11490
07:15:39,600 --> 07:15:40,600
have usb ports built on
11491
07:15:42,240 --> 07:15:43,240
firewire ports perhaps an sd or compact
11492
07:15:44,878 --> 07:15:45,878
flash reader these are all things you
11493
07:15:46,638 --> 07:15:47,638
need to consider when you're choosing
11494
07:15:47,840 --> 07:15:48,840
the parts
11495
07:15:50,478 --> 07:15:51,478
now preparing the chassis this is this
11496
07:15:52,798 --> 07:15:53,798
is something that's important i see it
11497
07:15:54,080 --> 07:15:55,080
come up on the exam you're going to use
11498
07:15:55,600 --> 07:15:56,600
something called brass standoffs notice
11499
07:15:58,240 --> 07:15:59,240
that if you look really closely
11500
07:16:01,040 --> 07:16:02,040
the motherboard is being risen up it's
11501
07:16:03,040 --> 07:16:04,040
not connected directly to the chassis
11502
07:16:05,920 --> 07:16:06,920
remember i said the chassis is metal and
11503
07:16:08,080 --> 07:16:09,080
so there's there's electronics on this
11504
07:16:09,760 --> 07:16:10,760
motherboard if it's directly touching
11505
07:16:12,080 --> 07:16:13,080
the metal we're going to be in trouble
11506
07:16:14,798 --> 07:16:15,798
actually on the holes on the motherboard
11507
07:16:16,718 --> 07:16:17,718
there's actually like a a metallic sort
11508
07:16:18,798 --> 07:16:19,798
of round area which is specifically so
11509
07:16:21,360 --> 07:16:22,360
that electricity doesn't get conducted
11510
07:16:23,280 --> 07:16:24,280
through
11511
07:16:24,400 --> 07:16:25,400
this screw
11512
07:16:25,760 --> 07:16:26,760
and so one thing you want to do is not
11513
07:16:27,840 --> 07:16:28,840
only these not only offer support to the
11514
07:16:29,520 --> 07:16:30,520
motherboard they're in several places
11515
07:16:31,600 --> 07:16:32,600
not just one but it also prevents from
11516
07:16:33,760 --> 07:16:34,760
an electrical loop because if power is
11517
07:16:35,840 --> 07:16:36,840
going into this motherboard and then
11518
07:16:37,600 --> 07:16:38,600
this motherboard is feeding power into
11519
07:16:39,360 --> 07:16:40,360
the chassis uh the computer's not gonna
11520
07:16:41,360 --> 07:16:42,360
be able to run because electricity isn't
11521
07:16:43,200 --> 07:16:44,200
going to any of the parts instead it's
11522
07:16:44,718 --> 07:16:45,718
being ground just like i would be ground
11523
07:16:46,638 --> 07:16:47,638
if i was working on my um computer and i
11524
07:16:50,080 --> 07:16:51,080
touched the chassis i would be grinding
11525
07:16:52,160 --> 07:16:53,160
my grounding myself to
11526
07:16:54,478 --> 07:16:55,478
the chassis not something i necessarily
11527
07:16:56,080 --> 07:16:57,080
want
11528
07:16:57,360 --> 07:16:58,360
so the first thing you want to do is
11529
07:16:58,398 --> 07:16:59,398
prepare the brass standoffs you'll
11530
07:17:00,320 --> 07:17:01,320
notice here this is where the screws go
11531
07:17:02,000 --> 07:17:03,000
in so what happens is that end screws
11532
07:17:05,120 --> 07:17:06,120
into the chassis
11533
07:17:06,878 --> 07:17:07,878
and then i'll be able to put the
11534
07:17:08,000 --> 07:17:09,000
motherboard on top and use another screw
11535
07:17:10,398 --> 07:17:11,398
and screw into the
11536
07:17:12,478 --> 07:17:13,478
standoff like so
11537
07:17:15,760 --> 07:17:16,760
so the first thing you want to do is
11538
07:17:17,280 --> 07:17:18,280
attach those to the chassis that's the
11539
07:17:19,200 --> 07:17:20,200
first step i say you're going to want to
11540
07:17:21,440 --> 07:17:22,440
reference where the holes are on the
11541
07:17:23,600 --> 07:17:24,600
motherboard so that you put
11542
07:17:25,840 --> 07:17:26,840
the brass standoffs in the right place
11543
07:17:28,240 --> 07:17:29,240
but
11544
07:17:29,200 --> 07:17:30,200
that's the first thing you want to do
11545
07:17:30,558 --> 07:17:31,558
you can't do anything until you've
11546
07:17:32,398 --> 07:17:33,398
accomplished that
11547
07:17:33,680 --> 07:17:34,680
once you've done that remove the
11548
07:17:35,440 --> 07:17:36,440
motherboard from its packaging and be
11549
07:17:37,600 --> 07:17:38,600
very careful you don't want to try not
11550
07:17:39,600 --> 07:17:40,600
touching the components try touching the
11551
07:17:41,200 --> 07:17:42,200
sides and you can lay it on that
11552
07:17:42,638 --> 07:17:43,638
anti-static bad bag if necessary
11553
07:17:44,958 --> 07:17:45,958
definitely the flat side down meaning
11554
07:17:46,638 --> 07:17:47,638
this side
11555
07:17:47,920 --> 07:17:48,920
okay you don't want to lay it on with
11556
07:17:50,160 --> 07:17:51,160
all the
11557
07:17:51,040 --> 07:17:52,040
components because
11558
07:17:53,040 --> 07:17:54,040
those can be damaged very easily
11559
07:17:56,000 --> 07:17:57,000
line it up with the standoffs and the
11560
07:17:57,520 --> 07:17:58,520
pre-drilled holes which are on the
11561
07:17:59,360 --> 07:18:00,360
motherboard and then
11562
07:18:01,360 --> 07:18:02,360
insert the screws and tighten you want
11563
07:18:03,360 --> 07:18:04,360
to tighten until it's snug but you don't
11564
07:18:04,718 --> 07:18:05,718
want to over tighten my father always
11565
07:18:06,638 --> 07:18:07,638
used to try to really tighten things up
11566
07:18:09,120 --> 07:18:10,120
in electronics we don't want that we
11567
07:18:10,718 --> 07:18:11,718
want it tight enough it's not going to
11568
07:18:11,920 --> 07:18:12,920
move around but we don't want it so
11569
07:18:13,200 --> 07:18:14,200
tight that you're going to damage it
11570
07:18:14,638 --> 07:18:15,638
which when we're dealing with
11571
07:18:15,440 --> 07:18:16,440
electronics can definitely happen
11572
07:18:18,080 --> 07:18:19,080
so as i'm just want to say this again do
11573
07:18:19,680 --> 07:18:20,680
not over tighten
11574
07:18:21,280 --> 07:18:22,280
the motherboard also if you ever need to
11575
07:18:23,200 --> 07:18:24,200
remove it it's going to be a real pain
11576
07:18:26,718 --> 07:18:27,718
all right the other thing you need to do
11577
07:18:28,000 --> 07:18:29,000
is connect any power reset hard drive
11578
07:18:30,080 --> 07:18:31,080
etc cords to the motherboard from the
11579
07:18:31,760 --> 07:18:32,760
chassis remember i said there might be a
11580
07:18:34,000 --> 07:18:35,000
there's definitely a hard
11581
07:18:36,080 --> 07:18:37,080
power button on the chassis well how
11582
07:18:38,000 --> 07:18:39,000
does the power button tell the
11583
07:18:39,680 --> 07:18:40,680
motherboard to start well there's
11584
07:18:41,520 --> 07:18:42,520
actually a row generally of little
11585
07:18:44,160 --> 07:18:45,160
connectors
11586
07:18:45,520 --> 07:18:46,520
and here it is on this motherboard and
11587
07:18:47,360 --> 07:18:48,360
they'll be little um small little
11588
07:18:49,360 --> 07:18:50,360
connectors
11589
07:18:51,760 --> 07:18:52,760
with two pins
11590
07:18:53,360 --> 07:18:54,360
and it'll have a cord
11591
07:18:55,200 --> 07:18:56,200
generally a twisted cord that's gonna go
11592
07:18:57,600 --> 07:18:58,600
to the power switch
11593
07:19:00,000 --> 07:19:01,000
and that plugs into a certain area on
11594
07:19:02,558 --> 07:19:03,558
the motherboard now it varies from
11595
07:19:04,320 --> 07:19:05,320
motherboard to motherboard so i can't
11596
07:19:05,680 --> 07:19:06,680
tell you exactly where all those are
11597
07:19:07,120 --> 07:19:08,120
gonna go
11598
07:19:08,398 --> 07:19:09,398
but what i would say is reference your
11599
07:19:10,558 --> 07:19:11,558
manufacturer's instructions and your
11600
07:19:12,240 --> 07:19:13,240
guide when doing that sometimes it will
11601
07:19:15,280 --> 07:19:16,280
say you know someplace around here
11602
07:19:18,000 --> 07:19:19,000
you know it'll say something like power
11603
07:19:20,160 --> 07:19:21,160
or led or something or reset
11604
07:19:24,240 --> 07:19:25,240
okay but
11605
07:19:26,000 --> 07:19:27,000
if it doesn't best thing to do is you
11606
07:19:27,920 --> 07:19:28,920
know either
11607
07:19:29,120 --> 07:19:30,120
reference the manufacturer's guide that
11608
07:19:30,478 --> 07:19:31,478
came with the mint the motherboard
11609
07:19:32,798 --> 07:19:33,798
or alternatively go online and find one
11610
07:19:37,280 --> 07:19:38,280
all right the motherboard's now in there
11611
07:19:39,280 --> 07:19:40,280
it's secure and it's ready everything
11612
07:19:41,280 --> 07:19:42,280
else is ready to be installed to it
11613
07:19:43,200 --> 07:19:44,200
the first thing you're definitely going
11614
07:19:44,160 --> 07:19:45,160
to install the cpu
11615
07:19:46,638 --> 07:19:47,638
so you remove the cpu and the heatsink
11616
07:19:48,718 --> 07:19:49,718
and the fan from the packaging you can
11617
07:19:50,558 --> 07:19:51,558
place that on the anti-static bag again
11618
07:19:53,520 --> 07:19:54,520
you want to place it with the lands or
11619
07:19:55,760 --> 07:19:56,760
the pins up so remember the pins are
11620
07:19:58,000 --> 07:19:59,000
going to go in this connector this pga
11621
07:20:00,240 --> 07:20:01,240
and the lands and that lga connector
11622
07:20:02,320 --> 07:20:03,320
like so i don't want those to face down
11623
07:20:05,360 --> 07:20:06,360
onto the table or onto the surface
11624
07:20:07,600 --> 07:20:08,600
because then i could damage them i could
11625
07:20:08,958 --> 07:20:09,958
scratch them you also don't want to
11626
07:20:10,398 --> 07:20:11,398
touch those you want to hold it from the
11627
07:20:12,240 --> 07:20:13,240
sides okay
11628
07:20:14,478 --> 07:20:15,478
so never touch the lands or the pins of
11629
07:20:16,160 --> 07:20:17,160
a cpu always touch on the sides can be
11630
07:20:18,398 --> 07:20:19,398
the same with ram we're never going to
11631
07:20:19,680 --> 07:20:20,680
touch the contacts themselves there is
11632
07:20:21,840 --> 07:20:22,840
oil in our fingers and when i start up a
11633
07:20:24,558 --> 07:20:25,558
computer
11634
07:20:25,600 --> 07:20:26,600
that oil can actually burn
11635
07:20:27,600 --> 07:20:28,600
when electricity reaches it it can
11636
07:20:28,878 --> 07:20:29,878
actually burn the the device
11637
07:20:31,360 --> 07:20:32,360
so you carefully insert and fasten the
11638
07:20:33,280 --> 07:20:34,280
cpu purge depending on how it's done
11639
07:20:35,760 --> 07:20:36,760
right if you recall
11640
07:20:37,600 --> 07:20:38,600
with an lga i just place it on there i
11641
07:20:40,878 --> 07:20:41,878
have this thing right here
11642
07:20:42,558 --> 07:20:43,558
that closes on top of it and then this
11643
07:20:45,200 --> 07:20:46,200
sucker
11644
07:20:46,240 --> 07:20:47,240
moves that way and locks you can see it
11645
07:20:48,160 --> 07:20:49,160
locks right under this thing
11646
07:20:50,398 --> 07:20:51,398
with a l uh a pga with the pin grid away
11647
07:20:54,478 --> 07:20:55,478
again yeah you have another lever the
11648
07:20:57,040 --> 07:20:58,040
lever goes up
11649
07:20:58,558 --> 07:20:59,558
you place gently
11650
07:21:01,040 --> 07:21:02,040
the
11651
07:21:01,760 --> 07:21:02,760
cpu
11652
07:21:02,958 --> 07:21:03,958
into that
11653
07:21:04,958 --> 07:21:05,958
zip socket
11654
07:21:07,120 --> 07:21:08,120
and then you pull the lever this way
11655
07:21:10,000 --> 07:21:11,000
and it'll fasten it
11656
07:21:11,520 --> 07:21:12,520
very simple
11657
07:21:13,520 --> 07:21:14,520
once you've inserted the cpu you now
11658
07:21:15,920 --> 07:21:16,920
need to add the heatsink
11659
07:21:18,080 --> 07:21:19,080
like we talked about you're going to
11660
07:21:19,200 --> 07:21:20,200
apply the thermal compound
11661
07:21:21,680 --> 07:21:22,680
right onto the cpu there's generally a
11662
07:21:24,160 --> 07:21:25,160
spot read the manufacturer's
11663
07:21:25,360 --> 07:21:26,360
instructions you don't want to damage
11664
07:21:26,718 --> 07:21:27,718
your cpu once you've done that
11665
07:21:29,120 --> 07:21:30,120
you'll fit the heatsink on top of the
11666
07:21:31,120 --> 07:21:32,120
cpu and then you will connect it you'll
11667
07:21:33,920 --> 07:21:34,920
notice on this one and in just about all
11668
07:21:35,680 --> 07:21:36,680
the cpus we looked at there's sort of
11669
07:21:37,440 --> 07:21:38,440
around it was like a
11670
07:21:40,000 --> 07:21:41,000
some sort of
11671
07:21:42,000 --> 07:21:43,000
casing and that allowed the cpu to screw
11672
07:21:45,280 --> 07:21:46,280
on
11673
07:21:46,958 --> 07:21:47,958
all right so there are the screws so i
11674
07:21:48,798 --> 07:21:49,798
put the heatsink on top the thermal
11675
07:21:50,320 --> 07:21:51,320
compound makes it a nice even layer and
11676
07:21:52,718 --> 07:21:53,718
then i screw it in to fasten it to to
11677
07:21:55,440 --> 07:21:56,440
make sure it's going to stay there
11678
07:21:59,120 --> 07:22:00,120
once i've done that attach the fan on
11679
07:22:01,440 --> 07:22:02,440
top remember
11680
07:22:03,680 --> 07:22:04,680
cpu is on the bottom
11681
07:22:08,080 --> 07:22:09,080
then our heatsink let me throw another
11682
07:22:09,440 --> 07:22:10,440
one on here for cpu
11683
07:22:11,600 --> 07:22:12,600
right
11684
07:22:12,398 --> 07:22:13,398
and here goes the thermal compound
11685
07:22:15,440 --> 07:22:16,440
here's the heatsink and then generally
11686
07:22:18,160 --> 07:22:19,160
the fan
11687
07:22:21,600 --> 07:22:22,600
is on top so again we go from the
11688
07:22:23,520 --> 07:22:24,520
passive cooling
11689
07:22:27,520 --> 07:22:28,520
to the active cooling
11690
07:22:32,000 --> 07:22:33,000
you're also going to want to plug this
11691
07:22:33,520 --> 07:22:34,520
thing in so fit the cpu fan on top of
11692
07:22:36,320 --> 07:22:37,320
the heatsink and then you're going to
11693
07:22:37,840 --> 07:22:38,840
fasten it the same way you do the
11694
07:22:39,040 --> 07:22:40,040
heatsink there's going to be holes you
11695
07:22:40,958 --> 07:22:41,958
fasten it using those holes sometimes
11696
07:22:42,718 --> 07:22:43,718
what you'll do is you'll put the
11697
07:22:43,760 --> 07:22:44,760
heatsink on and then you'll put the fan
11698
07:22:45,760 --> 07:22:46,760
on top and then there's a there's long
11699
07:22:47,360 --> 07:22:48,360
screws that fasten them both
11700
07:22:49,520 --> 07:22:50,520
sometimes there's also
11701
07:22:51,600 --> 07:22:52,600
other ways to clip on the heatsink it
11702
07:22:53,360 --> 07:22:54,360
really depends read the manufacturer's
11703
07:22:54,798 --> 07:22:55,798
instructions the one thing you need to
11704
07:22:56,478 --> 07:22:57,478
make sure you do is attach this power
11705
07:22:58,320 --> 07:22:59,320
cable which will be connected to the to
11706
07:23:00,478 --> 07:23:01,478
the fan uh to the motherboard you will
11707
07:23:02,878 --> 07:23:03,878
see for instance this has three little
11708
07:23:04,638 --> 07:23:05,638
pins you will definitely see
11709
07:23:07,040 --> 07:23:08,040
pins on the motherboard and it might say
11710
07:23:08,958 --> 07:23:09,958
something
11711
07:23:10,080 --> 07:23:11,080
like fan and you plug that in and
11712
07:23:12,798 --> 07:23:13,798
you'll make and that'll make sure it
11713
07:23:14,000 --> 07:23:15,000
works you need to plug this fan in
11714
07:23:16,080 --> 07:23:17,080
because it needs power in order to run
11715
07:23:19,920 --> 07:23:20,920
so now you've installed the motherboard
11716
07:23:21,520 --> 07:23:22,520
and you put the cpu on top of it now we
11717
07:23:23,280 --> 07:23:24,280
got to take care of the ram you already
11718
07:23:25,040 --> 07:23:26,040
know how much ram you want you've
11719
07:23:26,638 --> 07:23:27,638
checked to make sure it works and it's
11720
07:23:28,000 --> 07:23:29,000
compatible so you remove the ram from
11721
07:23:29,760 --> 07:23:30,760
the packaging you lay it on top of the
11722
07:23:31,520 --> 07:23:32,520
anti-static bag like we've talked about
11723
07:23:33,440 --> 07:23:34,440
we are not going to touch the contacts
11724
07:23:35,440 --> 07:23:36,440
down here we're only going to hold it
11725
07:23:37,360 --> 07:23:38,360
from the sides all right
11726
07:23:41,040 --> 07:23:42,040
like i just mentioned
11727
07:23:43,440 --> 07:23:44,440
we're never going to touch these
11728
07:23:44,638 --> 07:23:45,638
contacts
11729
07:23:46,320 --> 07:23:47,320
the other thing we want to take notice
11730
07:23:47,840 --> 07:23:48,840
of
11731
07:23:48,718 --> 07:23:49,718
is where the keying is in this case i
11732
07:23:50,398 --> 07:23:51,398
have keying here and you can see that
11733
07:23:51,680 --> 07:23:52,680
keying is on the board there
11734
07:23:53,600 --> 07:23:54,600
so i need to make sure to rotate this
11735
07:23:55,440 --> 07:23:56,440
100 you know 80 degrees before i put it
11736
07:23:57,840 --> 07:23:58,840
in otherwise i'm gonna have a problem if
11737
07:24:00,080 --> 07:24:01,080
it feels like it's not going in very
11738
07:24:01,520 --> 07:24:02,520
easily you probably aren't putting it in
11739
07:24:04,000 --> 07:24:05,000
the right way
11740
07:24:07,040 --> 07:24:08,040
so determine which slots to use as well
11741
07:24:09,680 --> 07:24:10,680
uh notice these are red and black which
11742
07:24:11,760 --> 07:24:12,760
one do i put which one do i fill in
11743
07:24:13,200 --> 07:24:14,200
first generally the motherboard is going
11744
07:24:14,718 --> 07:24:15,718
to say zero
11745
07:24:16,558 --> 07:24:17,558
and have like zero and one zero and one
11746
07:24:19,200 --> 07:24:20,200
you
11747
07:24:20,320 --> 07:24:21,320
want to put it in the zeros first and
11748
07:24:22,160 --> 07:24:23,160
then the ones again refer to your
11749
07:24:23,680 --> 07:24:24,680
manufacturer's instructors instructions
11750
07:24:26,080 --> 07:24:27,080
which will
11751
07:24:27,200 --> 07:24:28,200
tell you how to do that and also you can
11752
07:24:29,040 --> 07:24:30,040
figure out again if they need to be
11753
07:24:30,638 --> 07:24:31,638
impaired uh if they're you know dual
11754
07:24:32,798 --> 07:24:33,798
channel like this is we talked about
11755
07:24:35,120 --> 07:24:36,120
that
11756
07:24:36,958 --> 07:24:37,958
right then you're gonna want to make
11757
07:24:38,798 --> 07:24:39,798
sure you you put them in such a way that
11758
07:24:40,798 --> 07:24:41,798
they're gonna run efficiently
11759
07:24:44,638 --> 07:24:45,638
alright so you've oriented the ram
11760
07:24:46,160 --> 07:24:47,160
according to the keying on the
11761
07:24:47,040 --> 07:24:48,040
motherboard and on the stick
11762
07:24:48,878 --> 07:24:49,878
place the stick gently into the slots
11763
07:24:51,120 --> 07:24:52,120
pins down
11764
07:24:53,280 --> 07:24:54,280
distribute even pressure you can notice
11765
07:24:55,200 --> 07:24:56,200
here we have pressure on both sides i'm
11766
07:24:57,040 --> 07:24:58,040
not putting it in the center you have it
11767
07:24:58,558 --> 07:24:59,558
on both sides evenly pressing down on
11768
07:25:00,878 --> 07:25:01,878
the stick as you press down these things
11769
07:25:05,040 --> 07:25:06,040
these ears will close in and lock up
11770
07:25:08,080 --> 07:25:09,080
into the side
11771
07:25:09,680 --> 07:25:10,680
of the ram stick
11772
07:25:11,440 --> 07:25:12,440
and that way once you hear that click
11773
07:25:13,200 --> 07:25:14,200
you know that they are good to go and
11774
07:25:14,798 --> 07:25:15,798
they are locked in place
11775
07:25:17,840 --> 07:25:18,840
all right so we've talked about choosing
11776
07:25:19,600 --> 07:25:20,600
the parts and making sure they're
11777
07:25:20,798 --> 07:25:21,798
correct preparing the chassis installing
11778
07:25:23,360 --> 07:25:24,360
the motherboard the cpu and the ram
11779
07:25:26,320 --> 07:25:27,320
let's go back over this real quickly we
11780
07:25:28,160 --> 07:25:29,160
need to make sure everything is
11781
07:25:29,280 --> 07:25:30,280
compatible that's very important
11782
07:25:31,520 --> 07:25:32,520
everything needs to work together
11783
07:25:32,958 --> 07:25:33,958
specifically uh you need to make sure
11784
07:25:35,200 --> 07:25:36,200
that your motherboard supports all the
11785
07:25:36,958 --> 07:25:37,958
stuff you want
11786
07:25:38,558 --> 07:25:39,558
all right because everything else is
11787
07:25:39,920 --> 07:25:40,920
going to plug up to that including the
11788
07:25:41,360 --> 07:25:42,360
ram
11789
07:25:43,120 --> 07:25:44,120
including the cpu
11790
07:25:44,220 --> 07:25:45,220
[Music]
11791
07:25:46,160 --> 07:25:47,160
even storage devices
11792
07:25:48,878 --> 07:25:49,878
all right so you need to make sure
11793
07:25:49,920 --> 07:25:50,920
everything
11794
07:25:52,320 --> 07:25:53,320
revolves really around the motherboard
11795
07:25:54,000 --> 07:25:55,000
but that doesn't mean that that's where
11796
07:25:55,120 --> 07:25:56,120
you start you know you want a really
11797
07:25:57,040 --> 07:25:58,040
fast cpu this specific brand then you
11798
07:25:58,798 --> 07:25:59,798
need to go out and buy a motherboard
11799
07:26:00,160 --> 07:26:01,160
that's going to support it
11800
07:26:01,840 --> 07:26:02,840
the important thing to remember about
11801
07:26:02,878 --> 07:26:03,878
preparing the chassis
11802
07:26:04,478 --> 07:26:05,478
is to use those brass standoffs
11803
07:26:07,440 --> 07:26:08,440
you also don't want to forget
11804
07:26:09,520 --> 07:26:10,520
to plug up
11805
07:26:12,958 --> 07:26:13,958
the the power cord
11806
07:26:15,360 --> 07:26:16,360
to the motherboard
11807
07:26:20,638 --> 07:26:21,638
all right
11808
07:26:21,920 --> 07:26:22,920
install the motherboard again the
11809
07:26:23,440 --> 07:26:24,440
important thing
11810
07:26:24,558 --> 07:26:25,558
in this is you put it onto those brass
11811
07:26:26,638 --> 07:26:27,638
standoffs do it gently don't over
11812
07:26:28,798 --> 07:26:29,798
tighten
11813
07:26:29,760 --> 07:26:30,760
installing the cpu you're either going
11814
07:26:31,280 --> 07:26:32,280
to do that with a land grid array
11815
07:26:33,360 --> 07:26:34,360
or a pin grid array
11816
07:26:35,200 --> 07:26:36,200
either way whatever the type of socket
11817
07:26:37,520 --> 07:26:38,520
is we're not gonna press on we're gonna
11818
07:26:39,680 --> 07:26:40,680
let it gently sit on there remember
11819
07:26:41,040 --> 07:26:42,040
these are both
11820
07:26:42,558 --> 07:26:43,558
zero insertion force okay there's no
11821
07:26:45,040 --> 07:26:46,040
force involved zero insertion force
11822
07:26:47,280 --> 07:26:48,280
which means i'm not gonna damage
11823
07:26:48,478 --> 07:26:49,478
anything
11824
07:26:50,160 --> 07:26:51,160
on top of that
11825
07:26:52,558 --> 07:26:53,558
sits the heatsink
11826
07:26:55,840 --> 07:26:56,840
and on top of that is the fan we need to
11827
07:26:58,320 --> 07:26:59,320
make sure
11828
07:26:59,280 --> 07:27:00,280
the fan plugs into the motherboard
11829
07:27:02,558 --> 07:27:03,558
finally we're going to install the ram
11830
07:27:04,398 --> 07:27:05,398
we want to make sure it's keyed
11831
07:27:06,398 --> 07:27:07,398
you also need to know which slots it
11832
07:27:08,320 --> 07:27:09,320
goes into
11833
07:27:10,638 --> 07:27:11,638
all right we've talked about all these
11834
07:27:12,320 --> 07:27:13,320
components obviously they're not going
11835
07:27:13,680 --> 07:27:14,680
to run without power and without some
11836
07:27:15,680 --> 07:27:16,680
storage uh there's really no point to
11837
07:27:17,520 --> 07:27:18,520
having a computer so let's talk about
11838
07:27:19,520 --> 07:27:20,520
those
11839
07:27:24,220 --> 07:27:25,220
[Music]
11840
07:27:45,360 --> 07:27:46,360
building the computer storage power and
11841
07:27:48,798 --> 07:27:49,798
booting
11842
07:27:50,240 --> 07:27:51,240
so let's finish building the computer
11843
07:27:53,360 --> 07:27:54,360
first we'll talk about installing the
11844
07:27:54,718 --> 07:27:55,718
power supply i like to do this at the
11845
07:27:56,638 --> 07:27:57,638
end
11846
07:27:57,600 --> 07:27:58,600
and same with the storage because we
11847
07:27:59,280 --> 07:28:00,280
have less wires to deal with when we're
11848
07:28:01,440 --> 07:28:02,440
installing all the other components
11849
07:28:02,638 --> 07:28:03,638
sometimes it can be a little frustrating
11850
07:28:04,160 --> 07:28:05,160
to put in the ram and the cpu when you
11851
07:28:06,398 --> 07:28:07,398
have a bunch of power cords and wires
11852
07:28:08,000 --> 07:28:09,000
all over the place so i always recommend
11853
07:28:10,000 --> 07:28:11,000
removing those before you do anything
11854
07:28:11,760 --> 07:28:12,760
even if the computer is always already
11855
07:28:13,120 --> 07:28:14,120
put together
11856
07:28:14,320 --> 07:28:15,320
uh then we'll install the storage
11857
07:28:16,160 --> 07:28:17,160
devices
11858
07:28:18,080 --> 07:28:19,080
we'll talk about booting up the computer
11859
07:28:19,600 --> 07:28:20,600
for the first time and then finishing
11860
07:28:21,280 --> 07:28:22,280
the installation
11861
07:28:24,080 --> 07:28:25,080
all right so
11862
07:28:25,200 --> 07:28:26,200
installing the power supply we need to
11863
07:28:27,280 --> 07:28:28,280
make sure first of all that this kill
11864
07:28:28,958 --> 07:28:29,958
switch to switch to off like it is right
11865
07:28:31,440 --> 07:28:32,440
now on that zero
11866
07:28:32,878 --> 07:28:33,878
obviously just in case god forbid
11867
07:28:35,120 --> 07:28:36,120
something we somehow connect it to the
11868
07:28:37,200 --> 07:28:38,200
wall and we're not being careful we just
11869
07:28:39,200 --> 07:28:40,200
want to give ourselves as many
11870
07:28:40,398 --> 07:28:41,398
opportunities to not electrocute
11871
07:28:41,920 --> 07:28:42,920
ourselves as possible so i always make
11872
07:28:44,160 --> 07:28:45,160
sure that that is set to off
11873
07:28:46,320 --> 07:28:47,320
also you want to set the voltage
11874
07:28:47,680 --> 07:28:48,680
selector which in this case there isn't
11875
07:28:49,200 --> 07:28:50,200
one but uh if there is a voltage
11876
07:28:51,440 --> 07:28:52,440
selector we want to make sure to set it
11877
07:28:52,958 --> 07:28:53,958
to either
11878
07:28:54,000 --> 07:28:55,000
the 110 or 115 for the us or the
11879
07:28:56,840 --> 07:28:57,840
220 for european or for the rest of the
11880
07:28:59,920 --> 07:29:00,920
world really so that's something we need
11881
07:29:01,840 --> 07:29:02,840
to make sure of again if i'm in europe
11882
07:29:04,160 --> 07:29:05,160
and i set it to 110 or i'm in america i
11883
07:29:06,398 --> 07:29:07,398
set it to 20 i'm going to be in major
11884
07:29:08,080 --> 07:29:09,080
problem i might even blow out the system
11885
07:29:09,600 --> 07:29:10,600
so that's something you definitely want
11886
07:29:10,638 --> 07:29:11,638
to do before you install the power
11887
07:29:12,638 --> 07:29:13,638
supply
11888
07:29:14,160 --> 07:29:15,160
once you've done that you're ready to
11889
07:29:15,760 --> 07:29:16,760
put it in mount the power supply in the
11890
07:29:17,760 --> 07:29:18,760
case uh if you recall it goes either at
11891
07:29:20,000 --> 07:29:21,000
the top usually the top and the in the
11892
07:29:22,478 --> 07:29:23,478
back or
11893
07:29:23,760 --> 07:29:24,760
the back left if it's a desktop
11894
07:29:27,520 --> 07:29:28,520
uh and and some chassis do come with
11895
07:29:29,600 --> 07:29:30,600
power supplies built in i would
11896
07:29:31,280 --> 07:29:32,280
generally recommend if you can buying uh
11897
07:29:33,920 --> 07:29:34,920
them as such uh so that way you're not
11898
07:29:35,920 --> 07:29:36,920
really having to install a chassis uh a
11899
07:29:37,760 --> 07:29:38,760
power supply unless it breaks now just
11900
07:29:41,920 --> 07:29:42,920
reduce the amount of problems that
11901
07:29:43,360 --> 07:29:44,360
you're going to have of course that
11902
07:29:44,478 --> 07:29:45,478
gives you less
11903
07:29:46,080 --> 07:29:47,080
up to uh less customization
11904
07:29:48,798 --> 07:29:49,798
and especially if you're going to make
11905
07:29:50,080 --> 07:29:51,080
your own system with a lot of high power
11906
07:29:52,320 --> 07:29:53,320
things that's probably something you
11907
07:29:53,840 --> 07:29:54,840
don't want to do
11908
07:29:55,520 --> 07:29:56,520
generally the top or the bottom of the
11909
07:29:57,360 --> 07:29:58,360
case is where this is going to go as i
11910
07:29:58,718 --> 07:29:59,718
just said
11911
07:29:59,920 --> 07:30:00,920
and it's going to be secured using four
11912
07:30:01,680 --> 07:30:02,680
screws you can see the four screw holes
11913
07:30:03,840 --> 07:30:04,840
right here
11914
07:30:05,840 --> 07:30:06,840
it's important to differentiate these
11915
07:30:07,920 --> 07:30:08,920
from all the other screw holes
11916
07:30:10,240 --> 07:30:11,240
all right and the reason for that being
11917
07:30:13,120 --> 07:30:14,120
you don't want to start taking apart
11918
07:30:15,680 --> 07:30:16,680
like these right you don't need to take
11919
07:30:17,760 --> 07:30:18,760
these off sometimes people will start
11920
07:30:18,878 --> 07:30:19,878
trying to remove it and they'll remove
11921
07:30:20,160 --> 07:30:21,160
all these screws and they realize oh i
11922
07:30:21,840 --> 07:30:22,840
didn't actually need to remove those
11923
07:30:22,958 --> 07:30:23,958
screws and now i'm causing myself more
11924
07:30:25,040 --> 07:30:26,040
problems when i have to put it all back
11925
07:30:27,040 --> 07:30:28,040
together
11926
07:30:29,040 --> 07:30:30,040
all right so then what you're going to
11927
07:30:30,160 --> 07:30:31,160
do is you have to plug
11928
07:30:32,398 --> 07:30:33,398
this big p1 connector
11929
07:30:34,958 --> 07:30:35,958
the first thing you should do to that
11930
07:30:36,638 --> 07:30:37,638
motherboard which is going to go right
11931
07:30:37,920 --> 07:30:38,920
here that's either a 20 or 24 pin as you
11932
07:30:40,240 --> 07:30:41,240
recall
11933
07:30:44,240 --> 07:30:45,240
and if you also recall it is keyed a
11934
07:30:46,000 --> 07:30:47,000
certain way so uh generally speaking the
11935
07:30:49,280 --> 07:30:50,280
it's keyed so that the pins are like
11936
07:30:51,600 --> 07:30:52,600
this
11937
07:30:52,398 --> 07:30:53,398
sometimes you'll also see a little
11938
07:30:54,558 --> 07:30:55,558
a little tab
11939
07:30:56,478 --> 07:30:57,478
on one end and that will only allow you
11940
07:30:58,798 --> 07:30:59,798
to put it in on one end and it'll lock
11941
07:31:00,638 --> 07:31:01,638
into place generally speaking again if
11942
07:31:02,798 --> 07:31:03,798
you're having to force something in it
11943
07:31:04,718 --> 07:31:05,718
probably isn't in the right way
11944
07:31:08,558 --> 07:31:09,558
so you shouldn't need to force it and if
11945
07:31:10,798 --> 07:31:11,798
you do
11946
07:31:11,920 --> 07:31:12,920
um there's probably a
11947
07:31:13,920 --> 07:31:14,920
there's a problem
11948
07:31:15,520 --> 07:31:16,520
once you've done that now you've you've
11949
07:31:17,120 --> 07:31:18,120
given power to the motherboard and by
11950
07:31:19,520 --> 07:31:20,520
doing that you've also provided power to
11951
07:31:21,680 --> 07:31:22,680
the cpu
11952
07:31:23,520 --> 07:31:24,520
and to all of the onboard devices
11953
07:31:28,240 --> 07:31:29,240
now uh you want to install storage so
11954
07:31:30,398 --> 07:31:31,398
your power's there you can see here's a
11955
07:31:32,320 --> 07:31:33,320
power one it's already built into this
11956
07:31:33,680 --> 07:31:34,680
chassis uh you can also by the way see
11957
07:31:35,760 --> 07:31:36,760
all the chassis cables we had talked
11958
07:31:37,600 --> 07:31:38,600
about earlier that you're gonna need to
11959
07:31:39,040 --> 07:31:40,040
connect to the motherboard you can see
11960
07:31:40,320 --> 07:31:41,320
those all there
11961
07:31:42,398 --> 07:31:43,398
uh the first thing with storage is you
11962
07:31:43,680 --> 07:31:44,680
need to identify with drives are made
11963
07:31:45,120 --> 07:31:46,120
for five in a quarter bays or three and
11964
07:31:47,600 --> 07:31:48,600
a half inch bays we've talked about that
11965
07:31:49,040 --> 07:31:50,040
quite a bit again these three and a half
11966
07:31:51,120 --> 07:31:52,120
inch bays are mostly for your hard
11967
07:31:52,638 --> 07:31:53,638
drives
11968
07:31:53,920 --> 07:31:54,920
and the five and a quarters mostly for
11969
07:31:56,160 --> 07:31:57,160
optical
11970
07:32:00,080 --> 07:32:01,080
you've done that you can begin to
11971
07:32:01,760 --> 07:32:02,760
install them so you insert the storage
11972
07:32:03,760 --> 07:32:04,760
devices and you're going to use the
11973
07:32:05,600 --> 07:32:06,600
screws to keep them in place you can see
11974
07:32:07,040 --> 07:32:08,040
there are screw holes they're going to
11975
07:32:08,638 --> 07:32:09,638
be mimicked on the other side and what
11976
07:32:10,558 --> 07:32:11,558
you generally want to do
11977
07:32:12,080 --> 07:32:13,080
if you look at the
11978
07:32:14,320 --> 07:32:15,320
thing right here is you plug that up
11979
07:32:16,878 --> 07:32:17,878
right you screw it in here
11980
07:32:19,600 --> 07:32:20,600
here you can see it's like a smaller
11981
07:32:21,200 --> 07:32:22,200
area and this is a bigger one so
11982
07:32:22,558 --> 07:32:23,558
depending on
11983
07:32:23,840 --> 07:32:24,840
uh sort of the brand
11984
07:32:26,000 --> 07:32:27,000
uh these can vary but the benefit of
11985
07:32:27,920 --> 07:32:28,920
having a chassis like this is it it
11986
07:32:29,440 --> 07:32:30,440
doesn't really matter if you're putting
11987
07:32:30,798 --> 07:32:31,798
in an optical drive
11988
07:32:32,878 --> 07:32:33,878
you're probably gonna want the front the
11989
07:32:34,080 --> 07:32:35,080
front to be flush with the with the
11990
07:32:35,440 --> 07:32:36,440
front of the chassis and therefore
11991
07:32:37,120 --> 07:32:38,120
you're gonna wanna kind of put those in
11992
07:32:39,680 --> 07:32:40,680
and then sort of make sure it's exactly
11993
07:32:41,440 --> 07:32:42,440
where you want it before you tighten it
11994
07:32:44,080 --> 07:32:45,080
so adjust the drives before you tighten
11995
07:32:46,160 --> 07:32:47,160
them to make sure it's perfect flush
11996
07:32:48,478 --> 07:32:49,478
then you can go ahead and put that extra
11997
07:32:49,920 --> 07:32:50,920
titan squeeze on with these it's not as
11998
07:32:52,000 --> 07:32:53,000
big a deal if you tighten them you don't
11999
07:32:53,600 --> 07:32:54,600
ever want to over tighten but you can do
12000
07:32:55,600 --> 07:32:56,600
a little tighter than you should on than
12001
07:32:57,200 --> 07:32:58,200
you could on the motherboard for
12002
07:32:58,558 --> 07:32:59,558
instance
12003
07:32:59,680 --> 07:33:00,680
once you've done that you're ready to
12004
07:33:01,360 --> 07:33:02,360
attach all the cords uh so you can
12005
07:33:03,440 --> 07:33:04,440
attach the data
12006
07:33:05,520 --> 07:33:06,520
and the power cords
12007
07:33:07,600 --> 07:33:08,600
right remember with pata
12008
07:33:10,080 --> 07:33:11,080
this is a pata i don't have a sata
12009
07:33:12,080 --> 07:33:13,080
pictured uh
12010
07:33:13,840 --> 07:33:14,840
also with peda you're definitely jumpers
12011
07:33:16,398 --> 07:33:17,398
all right
12012
07:33:18,080 --> 07:33:19,080
and remember that's either a slave
12013
07:33:21,120 --> 07:33:22,120
or a master
12014
07:33:24,320 --> 07:33:25,320
very important also cable select
12015
07:33:26,638 --> 07:33:27,638
depending on the type of cable
12016
07:33:28,638 --> 07:33:29,638
okay
12017
07:33:29,600 --> 07:33:30,600
now that you've done that
12018
07:33:32,000 --> 07:33:33,000
you have your storage connected your cpu
12019
07:33:34,000 --> 07:33:35,000
is in all the power is connected to
12020
07:33:35,920 --> 07:33:36,920
everything you're basically ready to go
12021
07:33:39,360 --> 07:33:40,360
so now what you want to do is boot the
12022
07:33:40,798 --> 07:33:41,798
computer before you do that though you
12023
07:33:43,040 --> 07:33:44,040
need to do a couple things first you're
12024
07:33:45,360 --> 07:33:46,360
going to want to attach the power cord
12025
07:33:47,600 --> 07:33:48,600
uh to the power cable inlet so remember
12026
07:33:50,478 --> 07:33:51,478
there's no power cord attached so we and
12027
07:33:52,718 --> 07:33:53,718
by the way it's called a c14 inlet just
12028
07:33:54,958 --> 07:33:55,958
for your own rec
12029
07:33:56,080 --> 07:33:57,080
your own knowledge you don't need to
12030
07:33:57,040 --> 07:33:58,040
know that and remember uh
12031
07:33:59,840 --> 07:34:00,840
they do this so that they can work in
12032
07:34:01,280 --> 07:34:02,280
multiple different markets
12033
07:34:04,558 --> 07:34:05,558
you're also going to remove all of your
12034
07:34:06,080 --> 07:34:07,080
esd hardware so if you have an esd strap
12035
07:34:08,320 --> 07:34:09,320
for instance you want to disconnect
12036
07:34:09,920 --> 07:34:10,920
yourself from the chassis because the
12037
07:34:11,440 --> 07:34:12,440
minute power begins going to this device
12038
07:34:14,798 --> 07:34:15,798
after you hit this kill switch and turn
12039
07:34:16,878 --> 07:34:17,878
it on
12040
07:34:18,398 --> 07:34:19,398
uh you could electrocute yourself so
12041
07:34:20,320 --> 07:34:21,320
it's really important you remove all
12042
07:34:21,840 --> 07:34:22,840
your esd stuff we're not closing up the
12043
07:34:23,840 --> 07:34:24,840
chassis yet we want to make sure
12044
07:34:25,440 --> 07:34:26,440
everything's working first right so uh
12045
07:34:28,718 --> 07:34:29,718
as i said we don't want to shock
12046
07:34:29,920 --> 07:34:30,920
yourself or even worse electrocute
12047
07:34:31,440 --> 07:34:32,440
yourself we can then plug this plug into
12048
07:34:34,160 --> 07:34:35,160
the wall
12049
07:34:36,558 --> 07:34:37,558
turn this kill switch to on
12050
07:34:39,440 --> 07:34:40,440
and now we are ready to see if the
12051
07:34:41,760 --> 07:34:42,760
computer functions
12052
07:34:44,878 --> 07:34:45,878
so
12053
07:34:46,000 --> 07:34:47,000
we need to attach a monitor and a
12054
07:34:47,600 --> 07:34:48,600
keyboard to the onboard connections uh
12055
07:34:49,680 --> 07:34:50,680
generally these are going to be built
12056
07:34:50,878 --> 07:34:51,878
onto the motherboard these days if for
12057
07:34:53,440 --> 07:34:54,440
some reason it's not you will need to
12058
07:34:55,360 --> 07:34:56,360
extend these using these drive bays you
12059
07:34:57,600 --> 07:34:58,600
can see here as well
12060
07:34:59,280 --> 07:35:00,280
a pcie
12061
07:35:00,878 --> 07:35:01,878
power cord okay so you might need to
12062
07:35:03,600 --> 07:35:04,600
install a graphics card like this one
12063
07:35:05,920 --> 07:35:06,920
and you might need to attach a pci power
12064
07:35:08,080 --> 07:35:09,080
if necessary now one thing to realize if
12065
07:35:10,478 --> 07:35:11,478
there is a power device built into the
12066
07:35:12,478 --> 07:35:13,478
motherboard
12067
07:35:13,760 --> 07:35:14,760
and then you add another power device
12068
07:35:16,240 --> 07:35:17,240
the motherboard the bios is going to
12069
07:35:18,000 --> 07:35:19,000
automatically want to use this one the
12070
07:35:20,000 --> 07:35:21,000
one on the motherboard so you'll have to
12071
07:35:21,840 --> 07:35:22,840
go in the bios and disable the onboard
12072
07:35:24,798 --> 07:35:25,798
graphics that's just something you have
12073
07:35:26,718 --> 07:35:27,718
to do
12074
07:35:27,680 --> 07:35:28,680
i always recommend the first time you're
12075
07:35:28,958 --> 07:35:29,958
building it if there's an on-board uh
12076
07:35:31,920 --> 07:35:32,920
display
12077
07:35:33,360 --> 07:35:34,360
graphics card you're gonna want to plug
12078
07:35:34,878 --> 07:35:35,878
up to that not to the one you're gonna
12079
07:35:36,718 --> 07:35:37,718
add okay but do plug up the pcie if
12080
07:35:39,920 --> 07:35:40,920
necessary again to your to your pcie
12081
07:35:45,600 --> 07:35:46,600
expansion bay
12082
07:35:48,878 --> 07:35:49,878
now without closing the chassis
12083
07:35:51,120 --> 07:35:52,120
turn on the computer the reason you're
12084
07:35:52,638 --> 07:35:53,638
gonna do this is because you wanna make
12085
07:35:54,160 --> 07:35:55,160
sure all the fans are running correctly
12086
07:35:56,160 --> 07:35:57,160
and it's gonna be you know you don't
12087
07:35:57,520 --> 07:35:58,520
want to go through and close it up and
12088
07:35:58,558 --> 07:35:59,558
then realize you didn't seat something
12089
07:36:00,000 --> 07:36:01,000
correctly meaning you didn't put in your
12090
07:36:01,680 --> 07:36:02,680
ram all the way
12091
07:36:03,280 --> 07:36:04,280
so visually check all the fans are
12092
07:36:04,798 --> 07:36:05,798
running properly make sure you're
12093
07:36:06,240 --> 07:36:07,240
getting graphics on the on the system
12094
07:36:10,080 --> 07:36:11,080
you want to make sure that the bios is
12095
07:36:12,080 --> 07:36:13,080
reading the correct amount of ram and
12096
07:36:13,440 --> 07:36:14,440
hard drive so make sure it's recognizing
12097
07:36:15,200 --> 07:36:16,200
your hard drives you might need to go
12098
07:36:17,120 --> 07:36:18,120
into your setup or flash tools
12099
07:36:21,360 --> 07:36:22,360
and that way you can get more
12100
07:36:22,558 --> 07:36:23,558
information you want to make sure it's
12101
07:36:24,160 --> 07:36:25,160
recognizing the ram the right cpu
12102
07:36:27,200 --> 07:36:28,200
okay you want to make sure that the
12103
07:36:28,958 --> 07:36:29,958
memory is there the storage everything
12104
07:36:31,200 --> 07:36:32,200
is being
12105
07:36:33,040 --> 07:36:34,040
recognized as it should most biases
12106
07:36:35,360 --> 07:36:36,360
these days don't need to be told unless
12107
07:36:37,360 --> 07:36:38,360
you're dealing something with like
12108
07:36:38,240 --> 07:36:39,240
scuzzy and then you need to make sure
12109
07:36:39,840 --> 07:36:40,840
you're installing your scuzzy drivers
12110
07:36:41,200 --> 07:36:42,200
correctly
12111
07:36:42,398 --> 07:36:43,398
all right so enter setup if necessary
12112
07:36:44,478 --> 07:36:45,478
and take a look if everything looks good
12113
07:36:48,080 --> 07:36:49,080
then you're ready to finish the
12114
07:36:49,120 --> 07:36:50,120
installation
12115
07:36:50,398 --> 07:36:51,398
you can power off the computer first you
12116
07:36:52,558 --> 07:36:53,558
never want to do any screwing or
12117
07:36:53,920 --> 07:36:54,920
anything while the computer's on
12118
07:36:56,000 --> 07:36:57,000
close
12119
07:36:57,760 --> 07:36:58,760
glass side of the chassis
12120
07:36:59,840 --> 07:37:00,840
i have this config chassis here
12121
07:37:02,398 --> 07:37:03,398
generally you might have screws on the
12122
07:37:04,240 --> 07:37:05,240
back sometimes they're also like clips
12123
07:37:06,638 --> 07:37:07,638
or something on the top and bottom
12124
07:37:08,878 --> 07:37:09,878
so it makes it easier to slide it on and
12125
07:37:11,040 --> 07:37:12,040
off whatever it is put that on
12126
07:37:14,878 --> 07:37:15,878
and then power the computer back on
12127
07:37:16,478 --> 07:37:17,478
again
12128
07:37:17,440 --> 07:37:18,440
make sure it's working because sometimes
12129
07:37:18,958 --> 07:37:19,958
you put that case on something jostles
12130
07:37:20,798 --> 07:37:21,798
and then it goes wrong and you know
12131
07:37:22,958 --> 07:37:23,958
now uh something happened when i closed
12132
07:37:25,360 --> 07:37:26,360
the computer why was why did that happen
12133
07:37:27,360 --> 07:37:28,360
why was it working beforehand
12134
07:37:30,638 --> 07:37:31,638
so ensure it's still working and if it
12135
07:37:32,798 --> 07:37:33,798
is
12136
07:37:33,600 --> 07:37:34,600
clean your area put away your tools and
12137
07:37:35,600 --> 07:37:36,600
take a break because you've just built
12138
07:37:36,798 --> 07:37:37,798
your first computer now we'll talk about
12139
07:37:38,718 --> 07:37:39,718
troubleshooting a little bit later
12140
07:37:40,718 --> 07:37:41,718
but
12141
07:37:41,600 --> 07:37:42,600
now we've gone over
12142
07:37:43,520 --> 07:37:44,520
uh everything we've gone over all the
12143
07:37:45,040 --> 07:37:46,040
hardware uh in this video we just talked
12144
07:37:47,520 --> 07:37:48,520
about installing the power supply the
12145
07:37:49,040 --> 07:37:50,040
storage devices booting the computer and
12146
07:37:50,638 --> 07:37:51,638
finishing the installation again the
12147
07:37:52,798 --> 07:37:53,798
power supply is held in by four screws
12148
07:37:55,680 --> 07:37:56,680
and just as a reminder because this is
12149
07:37:56,958 --> 07:37:57,958
something you'll see on the test
12150
07:37:58,638 --> 07:37:59,638
you're going to see a 3.3 voltage
12151
07:38:01,280 --> 07:38:02,280
five voltage
12152
07:38:03,360 --> 07:38:04,360
and a 12 voltage okay so these are the
12153
07:38:05,120 --> 07:38:06,120
two voltages that are coming out of that
12154
07:38:06,478 --> 07:38:07,478
power supply you plug all that stuff in
12155
07:38:08,638 --> 07:38:09,638
to your and make sure the storage
12156
07:38:09,840 --> 07:38:10,840
devices whether it's peda
12157
07:38:15,280 --> 07:38:16,280
sata or scuzzy scuzzy special because
12158
07:38:17,840 --> 07:38:18,840
it's going to need its own drivers
12159
07:38:19,600 --> 07:38:20,600
paid is going to need the jumpers
12160
07:38:22,240 --> 07:38:23,240
say it is pretty easy
12161
07:38:23,920 --> 07:38:24,920
you're going to boot the computer
12162
07:38:25,760 --> 07:38:26,760
you're going to check in the bios to
12163
07:38:27,120 --> 07:38:28,120
make sure everything's being recognized
12164
07:38:30,478 --> 07:38:31,478
and then you're going to finish the
12165
07:38:31,360 --> 07:38:32,360
installation but putting the case on and
12166
07:38:33,600 --> 07:38:34,600
you know doing it remember before you
12167
07:38:35,600 --> 07:38:36,600
power it on
12168
07:38:42,240 --> 07:38:43,240
remove that esg strap the esd strap okay
12169
07:38:48,878 --> 07:38:49,878
you don't want to shock yourself
12170
07:38:50,878 --> 07:38:51,878
so
12171
07:38:51,760 --> 07:38:52,760
we've now talked about all of the
12172
07:38:52,878 --> 07:38:53,878
hardware going into a computer
12173
07:38:54,798 --> 07:38:55,798
i want to now talk about a different
12174
07:38:56,478 --> 07:38:57,478
type of computer a smaller computer with
12175
07:38:58,878 --> 07:38:59,878
some slightly different specifications
12176
07:39:01,520 --> 07:39:02,520
a laptop and we'll talk specifically
12177
07:39:04,000 --> 07:39:05,000
about what makes a laptop different and
12178
07:39:06,240 --> 07:39:07,240
why they're so commonly used because
12179
07:39:08,398 --> 07:39:09,398
they are quite a bit of the market share
12180
07:39:10,398 --> 07:39:11,398
now and how they're different when we're
12181
07:39:11,760 --> 07:39:12,760
trying to fix them
12182
07:39:17,780 --> 07:39:18,780
[Music]
12183
07:39:38,080 --> 07:39:39,080
laptops ports the keyboard and pointing
12184
07:39:41,600 --> 07:39:42,600
devices
12185
07:39:43,440 --> 07:39:44,440
now that we've talked about computers
12186
07:39:45,280 --> 07:39:46,280
large computers desktop computers i want
12187
07:39:48,080 --> 07:39:49,080
to talk about smaller computers more
12188
07:39:49,920 --> 07:39:50,920
mobile computers more formally known as
12189
07:39:52,638 --> 07:39:53,638
laptops now the interesting thing about
12190
07:39:54,718 --> 07:39:55,718
laptops is that all of the pieces are
12191
07:39:57,280 --> 07:39:58,280
still there from our desktop computers
12192
07:39:59,360 --> 07:40:00,360
the only difference is they're smaller
12193
07:40:01,440 --> 07:40:02,440
so let's take a look first of all at
12194
07:40:04,080 --> 07:40:05,080
some of the external factors of laptops
12195
07:40:06,240 --> 07:40:07,240
for instance the ports
12196
07:40:08,398 --> 07:40:09,398
that are going to be on the sides that
12197
07:40:09,600 --> 07:40:10,600
we're going to plug stuff into the
12198
07:40:11,360 --> 07:40:12,360
keyboard how we input and pointing
12199
07:40:13,600 --> 07:40:14,600
devices which are slightly different
12200
07:40:15,120 --> 07:40:16,120
since we don't have uh external mice and
12201
07:40:18,398 --> 07:40:19,398
external keyboards
12202
07:40:20,798 --> 07:40:21,798
so we're going to look at the ports that
12203
07:40:22,398 --> 07:40:23,398
we find in the keyboard in a laptop
12204
07:40:24,958 --> 07:40:25,958
we're also going to look at the keyboard
12205
07:40:27,120 --> 07:40:28,120
which is different in several ways first
12206
07:40:29,120 --> 07:40:30,120
of all it has a different layout and
12207
07:40:31,680 --> 07:40:32,680
second of all
12208
07:40:33,680 --> 07:40:34,680
it connects to the computer in a
12209
07:40:35,680 --> 07:40:36,680
different way obviously with the desktop
12210
07:40:37,520 --> 07:40:38,520
we are connecting it externally
12211
07:40:40,000 --> 07:40:41,000
then i want to look at pointing devices
12212
07:40:42,478 --> 07:40:43,478
and when we're talking about laptops we
12213
07:40:44,558 --> 07:40:45,558
can use an external mouse but we also
12214
07:40:46,878 --> 07:40:47,878
need something that's portable that's
12215
07:40:48,398 --> 07:40:49,398
connected to the device just like the
12216
07:40:50,320 --> 07:40:51,320
keyboard is so we're going to look at
12217
07:40:52,160 --> 07:40:53,160
the track pad
12218
07:40:53,520 --> 07:40:54,520
the track point otherwise known as an
12219
07:40:55,600 --> 07:40:56,600
eraser head
12220
07:40:56,958 --> 07:40:57,958
and finally a stylus which is uh
12221
07:41:01,440 --> 07:41:02,440
wasn't used as much as it is now thanks
12222
07:41:04,000 --> 07:41:05,000
to
12223
07:41:04,840 --> 07:41:05,840
um new mobile devices such as the ipad
12224
07:41:08,240 --> 07:41:09,240
which we will talk about more in depth
12225
07:41:10,000 --> 07:41:11,000
later
12226
07:41:11,360 --> 07:41:12,360
okay
12227
07:41:12,718 --> 07:41:13,718
so first let's look at some of these
12228
07:41:14,000 --> 07:41:15,000
laptop ports if we're looking at the top
12229
07:41:16,160 --> 07:41:17,160
over here the first thing we see right
12230
07:41:18,160 --> 07:41:19,160
here is uh the dc
12231
07:41:20,398 --> 07:41:21,398
connector so
12232
07:41:22,080 --> 07:41:23,080
a power connector would plug in here
12233
07:41:24,240 --> 07:41:25,240
it would then connect to an external
12234
07:41:26,000 --> 07:41:27,000
large box like so
12235
07:41:28,558 --> 07:41:29,558
and then that box would have another
12236
07:41:29,760 --> 07:41:30,760
connector that would plug into the wall
12237
07:41:32,000 --> 07:41:33,000
now the reason we have this box right
12238
07:41:34,160 --> 07:41:35,160
here
12239
07:41:35,120 --> 07:41:36,120
is because in a desktop we have room for
12240
07:41:37,520 --> 07:41:38,520
a power supply we don't have room for a
12241
07:41:39,600 --> 07:41:40,600
power supply
12242
07:41:41,040 --> 07:41:42,040
and a laptop because it's so small so
12243
07:41:42,878 --> 07:41:43,878
we've moved that power supply to the
12244
07:41:44,478 --> 07:41:45,478
external outside of it and we just use a
12245
07:41:47,120 --> 07:41:48,120
small cord to plug in all the power now
12246
07:41:49,360 --> 07:41:50,360
don't forget this power is not only
12247
07:41:50,958 --> 07:41:51,958
powering the computer as it's running
12248
07:41:53,200 --> 07:41:54,200
it's also providing power to the battery
12249
07:41:55,680 --> 07:41:56,680
and we'll talk more about that a little
12250
07:41:57,040 --> 07:41:58,040
later
12251
07:41:57,920 --> 07:41:58,920
here is an ethernet port or an rj45 port
12252
07:42:01,680 --> 07:42:02,680
remember a little smaller it would be an
12253
07:42:03,440 --> 07:42:04,440
rj11 port which is for a modem now the
12254
07:42:06,080 --> 07:42:07,080
reason i know that this is an rj45 port
12255
07:42:08,638 --> 07:42:09,638
and not an rj11 port is because there's
12256
07:42:11,520 --> 07:42:12,520
a little icon right here which you might
12257
07:42:13,040 --> 07:42:14,040
not be able to see that looks a little
12258
07:42:14,878 --> 07:42:15,878
something like this and that just tells
12259
07:42:16,958 --> 07:42:17,958
me that this is
12260
07:42:18,398 --> 07:42:19,398
a
12261
07:42:19,840 --> 07:42:20,840
network uh device
12262
07:42:22,160 --> 07:42:23,160
over here we have usb ports we've talked
12263
07:42:25,040 --> 07:42:26,040
about those and we will talk more about
12264
07:42:26,638 --> 07:42:27,638
those in the future
12265
07:42:28,398 --> 07:42:29,398
we also have eighth inch jacks
12266
07:42:31,200 --> 07:42:32,200
for audio we'll talk about those a
12267
07:42:33,040 --> 07:42:34,040
little more later as well
12268
07:42:34,798 --> 07:42:35,798
and here it looks like we have a cd or
12269
07:42:36,638 --> 07:42:37,638
dvd player usually it'll say on it
12270
07:42:39,120 --> 07:42:40,120
whether it's cd or dvd i'm guessing it's
12271
07:42:40,878 --> 07:42:41,878
a little washed out right now and right
12272
07:42:43,120 --> 07:42:44,120
here is just the button
12273
07:42:44,958 --> 07:42:45,958
that allows you to
12274
07:42:46,718 --> 07:42:47,718
pop out that cd drive now some drives
12275
07:42:49,680 --> 07:42:50,680
have tray loading which is this this is
12276
07:42:51,680 --> 07:42:52,680
a tray which means this entire thing is
12277
07:42:53,360 --> 07:42:54,360
going to pop out you're going to put the
12278
07:42:54,398 --> 07:42:55,398
cd into it and then there are also what
12279
07:42:56,160 --> 07:42:57,160
are called slot loading and those
12280
07:42:59,360 --> 07:43:00,360
if i could just erase
12281
07:43:04,958 --> 07:43:05,958
this right here
12282
07:43:10,878 --> 07:43:11,878
a slot loading would just have a big
12283
07:43:12,478 --> 07:43:13,478
slot
12284
07:43:13,920 --> 07:43:14,920
and in that slot you put the cd two
12285
07:43:16,080 --> 07:43:17,080
different types of dvd cd drives
12286
07:43:18,958 --> 07:43:19,958
depending on the device
12287
07:43:20,798 --> 07:43:21,798
now here at the bottom we have some
12288
07:43:22,320 --> 07:43:23,320
slots to begin with
12289
07:43:24,240 --> 07:43:25,240
these slots are for external cards such
12290
07:43:27,120 --> 07:43:28,120
as sd cards and also for expansion ports
12291
07:43:30,478 --> 07:43:31,478
that we're going to talk about a little
12292
07:43:31,600 --> 07:43:32,600
bit later in the laptop section called
12293
07:43:34,320 --> 07:43:35,320
pc cards
12294
07:43:37,280 --> 07:43:38,280
or express cards
12295
07:43:40,638 --> 07:43:41,638
or card bus and we'll talk more about
12296
07:43:43,040 --> 07:43:44,040
those a little later but basically that
12297
07:43:44,558 --> 07:43:45,558
allows us to
12298
07:43:46,638 --> 07:43:47,638
add a device to the laptop without
12299
07:43:48,798 --> 07:43:49,798
opening it
12300
07:43:50,958 --> 07:43:51,958
here we have an hdmi port which is going
12301
07:43:53,760 --> 07:43:54,760
to allow for
12302
07:43:55,440 --> 07:43:56,440
external video
12303
07:43:58,558 --> 07:43:59,558
we also have another usb port on both
12304
07:44:01,360 --> 07:44:02,360
sides of the laptop and you see we have
12305
07:44:03,520 --> 07:44:04,520
one over here and the reason we want two
12306
07:44:06,878 --> 07:44:07,878
usb drives on either side is because
12307
07:44:08,878 --> 07:44:09,878
what if i have a mouse on one side and a
12308
07:44:10,638 --> 07:44:11,638
keyboard on the other or i have a hard
12309
07:44:12,878 --> 07:44:13,878
drive on one side etc
12310
07:44:15,680 --> 07:44:16,680
right here we also have what looks like
12311
07:44:17,280 --> 07:44:18,280
a firewire drive
12312
07:44:19,520 --> 07:44:20,520
and firewire again it's also called ieee
12313
07:44:24,520 --> 07:44:25,520
1394. we'll talk more about this one a
12314
07:44:26,718 --> 07:44:27,718
little later as well and it's
12315
07:44:27,840 --> 07:44:28,840
specifically for
12316
07:44:29,680 --> 07:44:30,680
media like camcorders or editing
12317
07:44:32,798 --> 07:44:33,798
finally this little small thing right
12318
07:44:34,320 --> 07:44:35,320
here that's to lock the laptop so what
12319
07:44:36,558 --> 07:44:37,558
would happen is you would put a little
12320
07:44:38,080 --> 07:44:39,080
piece in here it locks in to one of
12321
07:44:40,160 --> 07:44:41,160
these pieces of metal here there's
12322
07:44:41,360 --> 07:44:42,360
usually a code a four digit code say
12323
07:44:43,840 --> 07:44:44,840
that'll keep it locked in and then you
12324
07:44:45,600 --> 07:44:46,600
can go wrap that say around the leg of a
12325
07:44:48,240 --> 07:44:49,240
table so that no one can steal it from
12326
07:44:50,160 --> 07:44:51,160
you
12327
07:44:51,760 --> 07:44:52,760
let's look at another laptop now a lot
12328
07:44:53,760 --> 07:44:54,760
of the similar things
12329
07:44:55,520 --> 07:44:56,520
here we have hdmi again
12330
07:44:59,520 --> 07:45:00,520
we also here have vga port and remember
12331
07:45:01,760 --> 07:45:02,760
we know this is vga because it has one
12332
07:45:03,440 --> 07:45:04,440
two three rows and this is 15 pins
12333
07:45:06,398 --> 07:45:07,398
so that i can connect an external
12334
07:45:08,320 --> 07:45:09,320
monitor to this device as well as
12335
07:45:10,320 --> 07:45:11,320
connected to my tv
12336
07:45:12,080 --> 07:45:13,080
and right here we also have
12337
07:45:16,240 --> 07:45:17,240
an s video port which would be useful
12338
07:45:18,638 --> 07:45:19,638
say if i wanted to plug it to
12339
07:45:20,558 --> 07:45:21,558
an older
12340
07:45:22,160 --> 07:45:23,160
um
12341
07:45:23,440 --> 07:45:24,440
an older video system
12342
07:45:26,000 --> 07:45:27,000
we have our ethernet cord here again our
12343
07:45:28,240 --> 07:45:29,240
ij45
12344
07:45:29,920 --> 07:45:30,920
here this looks like again some sort of
12345
07:45:31,760 --> 07:45:32,760
pc card
12346
07:45:35,200 --> 07:45:36,200
which we also see over here
12347
07:45:37,760 --> 07:45:38,760
underneath this one right here this
12348
07:45:39,680 --> 07:45:40,680
looks like a slot for sd cards
12349
07:45:42,798 --> 07:45:43,798
we talked about those solid state cards
12350
07:45:44,638 --> 07:45:45,638
might come from say a camera so you can
12351
07:45:46,638 --> 07:45:47,638
upload your pictures
12352
07:45:48,320 --> 07:45:49,320
usb drives and then this right here is a
12353
07:45:51,200 --> 07:45:52,200
mini firewire okay
12354
07:45:54,478 --> 07:45:55,478
the only difference between
12355
07:45:56,718 --> 07:45:57,718
the other firewall we saw in this one is
12356
07:45:58,478 --> 07:45:59,478
just the size this is a little smaller
12357
07:46:01,680 --> 07:46:02,680
allows for different types of devices to
12358
07:46:03,920 --> 07:46:04,920
plug in just requires a different cord
12359
07:46:06,320 --> 07:46:07,320
let's look at one more
12360
07:46:09,280 --> 07:46:10,280
all right now here we have a dvi port
12361
07:46:12,160 --> 07:46:13,160
and an s video port so this can connect
12362
07:46:15,040 --> 07:46:16,040
to my monitor right here and to my older
12363
07:46:17,120 --> 07:46:18,120
television here again the s video port
12364
07:46:19,600 --> 07:46:20,600
is not going to transfer audio it's just
12365
07:46:21,600 --> 07:46:22,600
video uh
12366
07:46:23,280 --> 07:46:24,280
the dvi we can use a connector to plug
12367
07:46:25,520 --> 07:46:26,520
that up to an hdmi but again it's not
12368
07:46:27,680 --> 07:46:28,680
going to
12369
07:46:29,200 --> 07:46:30,200
have
12370
07:46:31,760 --> 07:46:32,760
audio only the video because it is
12371
07:46:33,440 --> 07:46:34,440
coming from dbi here's our dvd or cd
12372
07:46:36,398 --> 07:46:37,398
player and here's a little button to pop
12373
07:46:37,760 --> 07:46:38,760
that out
12374
07:46:39,200 --> 07:46:40,200
i just want to point out this little
12375
07:46:40,320 --> 07:46:41,320
hole right here is an emergency button
12376
07:46:42,240 --> 07:46:43,240
so say if the cd gets stuck in there you
12377
07:46:44,080 --> 07:46:45,080
take a little pen you press it that's
12378
07:46:45,440 --> 07:46:46,440
going to force that to come out
12379
07:46:47,760 --> 07:46:48,760
here we have several audio jacks
12380
07:46:49,520 --> 07:46:50,520
including a line in
12381
07:46:51,360 --> 07:46:52,360
uh
12382
07:46:52,320 --> 07:46:53,320
looks like
12383
07:46:54,000 --> 07:46:55,000
earphones a microphone and then looks
12384
07:46:55,920 --> 07:46:56,920
like some sort of line in probably for a
12385
07:46:58,160 --> 07:46:59,160
keyboard or something
12386
07:47:00,398 --> 07:47:01,398
we have a
12387
07:47:02,320 --> 07:47:03,320
sd card
12388
07:47:04,240 --> 07:47:05,240
1394 right here which is our firewire
12389
07:47:06,878 --> 07:47:07,878
again mini firewire and a usb port and
12390
07:47:09,760 --> 07:47:10,760
if we were to look at the other side i'm
12391
07:47:10,798 --> 07:47:11,798
guessing we would also see another usb
12392
07:47:12,638 --> 07:47:13,638
port as well so you can see a lot of the
12393
07:47:14,558 --> 07:47:15,558
same ports we have on our desktops we
12394
07:47:16,160 --> 07:47:17,160
also have our laptops it just depends on
12395
07:47:18,798 --> 07:47:19,798
the need we're going to see a lot more
12396
07:47:20,638 --> 07:47:21,638
external sort of video ports on these
12397
07:47:23,040 --> 07:47:24,040
laptops because people want to connect
12398
07:47:24,958 --> 07:47:25,958
them to their tvs and generally speaking
12399
07:47:27,200 --> 07:47:28,200
we'll also see a port so you can plug it
12400
07:47:28,798 --> 07:47:29,798
up to an external monitor
12401
07:47:30,398 --> 07:47:31,398
the other thing to keep in mind here is
12402
07:47:32,000 --> 07:47:33,000
that depending on your needs for your
12403
07:47:33,520 --> 07:47:34,520
laptop that's going to change what kind
12404
07:47:34,958 --> 07:47:35,958
of laptop you want to buy that's going
12405
07:47:36,478 --> 07:47:37,478
to change the ports that you want to
12406
07:47:37,600 --> 07:47:38,600
make sure on it
12407
07:47:40,080 --> 07:47:41,080
all right so now we've talked about the
12408
07:47:41,680 --> 07:47:42,680
ports on a laptop let's get into the
12409
07:47:43,680 --> 07:47:44,680
input devices ie the keyboard and the
12410
07:47:46,320 --> 07:47:47,320
pointing devices
12411
07:47:47,840 --> 07:47:48,840
so first let's look at this keyboard now
12412
07:47:49,520 --> 07:47:50,520
the laptop keyboard comes in two
12413
07:47:50,958 --> 07:47:51,958
different flavors a 101 key alpha
12414
07:47:53,200 --> 07:47:54,200
numeric keyboard and an 86 key
12415
07:47:55,840 --> 07:47:56,840
uh keyboard with what's called the
12416
07:47:57,920 --> 07:47:58,920
function key or the fn key now this is
12417
07:48:00,878 --> 07:48:01,878
the 101 and the reason i know that is
12418
07:48:02,958 --> 07:48:03,958
because if you look all the way here on
12419
07:48:04,160 --> 07:48:05,160
the right
12420
07:48:05,760 --> 07:48:06,760
it has a little number keypad and what
12421
07:48:08,478 --> 07:48:09,478
this allows you to do is sort of type in
12422
07:48:10,000 --> 07:48:11,000
numbers like you would on a regular
12423
07:48:11,600 --> 07:48:12,600
keyboard however this also means that
12424
07:48:13,440 --> 07:48:14,440
you need a much wider
12425
07:48:15,600 --> 07:48:16,600
laptop or that the keys on the laptop
12426
07:48:17,760 --> 07:48:18,760
have to be smaller and so
12427
07:48:20,398 --> 07:48:21,398
what a lot of manufacturers have now
12428
07:48:22,240 --> 07:48:23,240
done is they've excised this
12429
07:48:25,280 --> 07:48:26,280
side sort of new number keypad
12430
07:48:28,398 --> 07:48:29,398
and they've replaced it with a keyboard
12431
07:48:30,878 --> 07:48:31,878
with the function pad
12432
07:48:32,558 --> 07:48:33,558
the function key excuse me and you can
12433
07:48:34,478 --> 07:48:35,478
see here's the function key and if you
12434
07:48:36,320 --> 07:48:37,320
look at the top here
12435
07:48:38,000 --> 07:48:39,000
and actually if you look at the top of a
12436
07:48:39,680 --> 07:48:40,680
lot of these
12437
07:48:41,440 --> 07:48:42,440
uh a lot some of the keys
12438
07:48:43,760 --> 07:48:44,760
you'll will see that there are different
12439
07:48:45,680 --> 07:48:46,680
sort of um
12440
07:48:48,718 --> 07:48:49,718
things you can do with each of these
12441
07:48:50,240 --> 07:48:51,240
keys and that that's because now you
12442
07:48:52,000 --> 07:48:53,000
have this function key that allows you
12443
07:48:53,840 --> 07:48:54,840
to use the same key for different
12444
07:48:55,440 --> 07:48:56,440
purposes for instance i'm just going to
12445
07:48:57,040 --> 07:48:58,040
erase all this for a second for instance
12446
07:48:58,878 --> 07:48:59,878
if you look right here you'll see that
12447
07:49:00,478 --> 07:49:01,478
this probably allows me to
12448
07:49:03,440 --> 07:49:04,440
plug up a monitor and
12449
07:49:05,520 --> 07:49:06,520
from the keyboard i can change what that
12450
07:49:07,440 --> 07:49:08,440
monitor is going to do
12451
07:49:08,958 --> 07:49:09,958
and those are in blue right there and
12452
07:49:10,478 --> 07:49:11,478
generally they are in blue
12453
07:49:12,478 --> 07:49:13,478
i might have some arrows to allow for
12454
07:49:14,638 --> 07:49:15,638
volume
12455
07:49:16,638 --> 07:49:17,638
i might also have you know something to
12456
07:49:18,718 --> 07:49:19,718
allow for brightness or to change the
12457
07:49:21,120 --> 07:49:22,120
clock or whatever it is
12458
07:49:23,040 --> 07:49:24,040
but again that function key activates
12459
07:49:25,040 --> 07:49:26,040
secondary functions on the other keys
12460
07:49:26,878 --> 07:49:27,878
now the other key you need to be aware
12461
07:49:28,160 --> 07:49:29,160
of when you're talking about laptops is
12462
07:49:29,600 --> 07:49:30,600
the num lock key
12463
07:49:31,280 --> 07:49:32,280
notice this right here is the num lock
12464
07:49:32,798 --> 07:49:33,798
key and if you look below it
12465
07:49:34,798 --> 07:49:35,798
you'll see
12466
07:49:38,000 --> 07:49:39,000
all these numbers here
12467
07:49:40,638 --> 07:49:41,638
there's actually above numbers right
12468
07:49:42,000 --> 07:49:43,000
here as well what this does is it mimics
12469
07:49:44,478 --> 07:49:45,478
the number keypad on a regular 101 key
12470
07:49:47,520 --> 07:49:48,520
keyboard
12471
07:49:48,478 --> 07:49:49,478
so you press that num lock key and now
12472
07:49:50,478 --> 07:49:51,478
you have a little num key
12473
07:49:52,478 --> 07:49:53,478
sorry you have a little number pad right
12474
07:49:54,160 --> 07:49:55,160
there now the reason this is important
12475
07:49:56,718 --> 07:49:57,718
is on the test sometimes you'll see
12476
07:49:58,958 --> 07:49:59,958
a
12477
07:50:00,320 --> 07:50:01,320
uh
12478
07:50:01,520 --> 07:50:02,520
question that says someone calls the
12479
07:50:03,680 --> 07:50:04,680
help desk and has been typing on the
12480
07:50:06,240 --> 07:50:07,240
keyboard and some of their letters have
12481
07:50:08,558 --> 07:50:09,558
suddenly become numbers and they can't
12482
07:50:09,920 --> 07:50:10,920
figure out why well the reason is
12483
07:50:11,440 --> 07:50:12,440
they've hit that num lock key and so
12484
07:50:13,760 --> 07:50:14,760
it's
12485
07:50:14,798 --> 07:50:15,798
turned half of their keyboard into a
12486
07:50:16,718 --> 07:50:17,718
number keep keypad and so what you have
12487
07:50:19,200 --> 07:50:20,200
to do is make sure to turn that num lock
12488
07:50:20,878 --> 07:50:21,878
key off so that's really important that
12489
07:50:22,798 --> 07:50:23,798
num lock key i see it on the test very
12490
07:50:24,478 --> 07:50:25,478
frequently
12491
07:50:26,958 --> 07:50:27,958
the connector for a keyboard is what's
12492
07:50:28,558 --> 07:50:29,558
called a flex cable it's actually
12493
07:50:30,000 --> 07:50:31,000
similar to the cable we're going to see
12494
07:50:31,200 --> 07:50:32,200
when we talk about the display laptops
12495
07:50:33,280 --> 07:50:34,280
use and why it's a flex cable is this
12496
07:50:36,000 --> 07:50:37,000
cable right here
12497
07:50:39,040 --> 07:50:40,040
is actually
12498
07:50:40,718 --> 07:50:41,718
uh flexible
12499
07:50:42,000 --> 07:50:43,000
and it allows because the uh because of
12500
07:50:45,200 --> 07:50:46,200
how the computer moves and because of
12501
07:50:47,280 --> 07:50:48,280
how little space there is we don't have
12502
07:50:49,040 --> 07:50:50,040
enough space for very large cords or
12503
07:50:50,878 --> 07:50:51,878
very thick cords so it's a very thin
12504
07:50:53,040 --> 07:50:54,040
flexible cable and you can see it can
12505
07:50:55,280 --> 07:50:56,280
easily get jostled out of place which is
12506
07:50:57,200 --> 07:50:58,200
one of the things you want to check for
12507
07:50:58,558 --> 07:50:59,558
if your keyboard stops working
12508
07:50:59,920 --> 07:51:00,920
completely
12509
07:51:04,160 --> 07:51:05,160
now here's a trackpad talking about
12510
07:51:05,760 --> 07:51:06,760
pointing devices the trackpad sits at
12511
07:51:08,320 --> 07:51:09,320
the bottom underneath the keyboard and
12512
07:51:10,558 --> 07:51:11,558
allows you to use your finger to move a
12513
07:51:12,558 --> 07:51:13,558
mouse now you notice in this trackpad i
12514
07:51:14,798 --> 07:51:15,798
actually have two buttons
12515
07:51:17,200 --> 07:51:18,200
and some trackpads will actually have
12516
07:51:18,718 --> 07:51:19,718
these buttons in place of a mouse
12517
07:51:21,200 --> 07:51:22,200
so while a pc uses a mouse a laptop
12518
07:51:23,680 --> 07:51:24,680
might use a touch pad or a track pad
12519
07:51:26,718 --> 07:51:27,718
later on we're going to talk about
12520
07:51:28,080 --> 07:51:29,080
eraser heads as well
12521
07:51:30,320 --> 07:51:31,320
and the two buttons may take the place
12522
07:51:33,200 --> 07:51:34,200
of a mouse's button so you can see here
12523
07:51:35,040 --> 07:51:36,040
this is for your left click and here's
12524
07:51:36,478 --> 07:51:37,478
for your right click and generally what
12525
07:51:37,920 --> 07:51:38,920
will happen is you use a four finger up
12526
07:51:39,520 --> 07:51:40,520
here and use a thumb down here this
12527
07:51:42,160 --> 07:51:43,160
trackpad also happens to have this for
12528
07:51:44,320 --> 07:51:45,320
scrolling so you can scroll the page
12529
07:51:46,240 --> 07:51:47,240
really easily if you don't have one of
12530
07:51:47,520 --> 07:51:48,520
those scrollers on a mouse
12531
07:51:50,240 --> 07:51:51,240
now don't forget sometimes on a trackpad
12532
07:51:52,718 --> 07:51:53,718
if we don't have these buttons for
12533
07:51:53,920 --> 07:51:54,920
instance we can actually just
12534
07:51:56,240 --> 07:51:57,240
tap on the trackpad again and so the
12535
07:51:59,200 --> 07:52:00,200
click is replaced by a tab so i tap once
12536
07:52:01,840 --> 07:52:02,840
and that allows me to open i tap twice
12537
07:52:03,600 --> 07:52:04,600
that's like a double click or a double
12538
07:52:05,360 --> 07:52:06,360
tap
12539
07:52:06,718 --> 07:52:07,718
so touchpads can be tapped or double
12540
07:52:08,638 --> 07:52:09,638
tapped some touchpads can actually
12541
07:52:10,478 --> 07:52:11,478
recognize whether you're using one
12542
07:52:12,080 --> 07:52:13,080
finger or two fingers if you're using
12543
07:52:14,000 --> 07:52:15,000
one finger it knows you're doing a
12544
07:52:15,680 --> 07:52:16,680
single click
12545
07:52:16,798 --> 07:52:17,798
or rather a left click and if you're
12546
07:52:18,080 --> 07:52:19,080
using a two fingers it can tell you
12547
07:52:20,080 --> 07:52:21,080
using a right click apple famously
12548
07:52:22,638 --> 07:52:23,638
invented this and has invented a lot of
12549
07:52:24,478 --> 07:52:25,478
other multi gestures thanks to the ipad
12550
07:52:26,718 --> 07:52:27,718
that they use on their track pads that a
12551
07:52:28,240 --> 07:52:29,240
lot of other manufacturers are using so
12552
07:52:30,320 --> 07:52:31,320
it's just important to note that
12553
07:52:31,280 --> 07:52:32,280
sometimes using two fingers or three
12554
07:52:32,718 --> 07:52:33,718
fingers or even four fingers can have a
12555
07:52:34,320 --> 07:52:35,320
different effect on some of these track
12556
07:52:36,160 --> 07:52:37,160
pads depending on the manufacturer
12557
07:52:39,360 --> 07:52:40,360
now these can be replaced but as you can
12558
07:52:41,440 --> 07:52:42,440
tell they're sort of integrated here
12559
07:52:43,520 --> 07:52:44,520
and so that's very rare and it's not
12560
07:52:44,958 --> 07:52:45,958
something we're going to see quite a lot
12561
07:52:48,798 --> 07:52:49,798
now i just want to show you there's
12562
07:52:49,840 --> 07:52:50,840
another use for a track pad right here
12563
07:52:52,000 --> 07:52:53,000
this is a small track pad on a
12564
07:52:53,600 --> 07:52:54,600
blackberry and you can actually use your
12565
07:52:55,440 --> 07:52:56,440
finger to navigate the blackberry
12566
07:53:02,320 --> 07:53:03,320
so this looks like an eraser head now
12567
07:53:04,718 --> 07:53:05,718
eraser the reason it's called an eraser
12568
07:53:06,320 --> 07:53:07,320
head it's also called a track point is
12569
07:53:08,638 --> 07:53:09,638
because it looks like the top of an
12570
07:53:10,478 --> 07:53:11,478
eraser and what you literally do is
12571
07:53:12,478 --> 07:53:13,478
press this
12572
07:53:13,680 --> 07:53:14,680
one way or the other to move the mouse
12573
07:53:16,398 --> 07:53:17,398
and depending on how you hold it you can
12574
07:53:17,920 --> 07:53:18,920
do that you can also sometimes click it
12575
07:53:19,920 --> 07:53:20,920
and if you hit it it'll actually uh
12576
07:53:22,398 --> 07:53:23,398
click just like a mouse would
12577
07:53:25,520 --> 07:53:26,520
here's a
12578
07:53:26,878 --> 07:53:27,878
another outside version of it you can
12579
07:53:28,798 --> 07:53:29,798
see that eraser pad in there now eraser
12580
07:53:31,840 --> 07:53:32,840
head rather now sometimes what happens
12581
07:53:33,520 --> 07:53:34,520
with the eraser head is they will get
12582
07:53:35,280 --> 07:53:36,280
worn down after time you'll notice also
12583
07:53:37,680 --> 07:53:38,680
the reason i like this picture is you
12584
07:53:39,600 --> 07:53:40,600
can see the buttons right here for use
12585
07:53:41,680 --> 07:53:42,680
with that eraser head
12586
07:53:43,200 --> 07:53:44,200
so i can move my mouse with my
12587
07:53:44,240 --> 07:53:45,240
forefinger and i can click with my left
12588
07:53:45,840 --> 07:53:46,840
or right finger you can also see it as a
12589
07:53:47,600 --> 07:53:48,600
track pad i'm sorry you can click with
12590
07:53:49,200 --> 07:53:50,200
your thumb or one of your thumbs
12591
07:53:51,840 --> 07:53:52,840
you can also see the trackpad right
12592
07:53:53,280 --> 07:53:54,280
below it and there's probably buttons
12593
07:53:54,798 --> 07:53:55,798
below that so this actually has both
12594
07:53:56,558 --> 07:53:57,558
features
12595
07:53:57,600 --> 07:53:58,600
a lot of laptops now have sort of done
12596
07:53:59,360 --> 07:54:00,360
away with one or the other it's all up
12597
07:54:01,600 --> 07:54:02,600
to personal preference too
12598
07:54:06,240 --> 07:54:07,240
finally we see a lot of stylus as a
12599
07:54:07,920 --> 07:54:08,920
digitizer a stylus as you can tell is
12600
07:54:10,798 --> 07:54:11,798
actually just like a pen that you can
12601
07:54:12,478 --> 07:54:13,478
use with your computer now this is a pen
12602
07:54:14,878 --> 07:54:15,878
a stylus being used with an ipad it
12603
07:54:16,878 --> 07:54:17,878
looks like right but there are also
12604
07:54:19,520 --> 07:54:20,520
computers laptop computers that allow
12605
07:54:21,680 --> 07:54:22,680
you to use styluses as well
12606
07:54:23,760 --> 07:54:24,760
and these allow you to
12607
07:54:25,920 --> 07:54:26,920
basically write on the computer
12608
07:54:29,600 --> 07:54:30,600
now you can also use them
12609
07:54:31,600 --> 07:54:32,600
as a pen to tap as well
12610
07:54:35,440 --> 07:54:36,440
so not only for writing but also for
12611
07:54:38,160 --> 07:54:39,160
tapping but generally speaking you're
12612
07:54:40,000 --> 07:54:41,000
going to get a laptop that has this
12613
07:54:41,600 --> 07:54:42,600
feature if you're going to write
12614
07:54:44,558 --> 07:54:45,558
now this is either going to be used on a
12615
07:54:45,920 --> 07:54:46,920
touch screen device or on something
12616
07:54:47,520 --> 07:54:48,520
called a tablet pad which generally
12617
07:54:49,440 --> 07:54:50,440
connects the computer via a usb drive
12618
07:54:52,638 --> 07:54:53,638
usb port
12619
07:54:54,080 --> 07:54:55,080
and allows you to write on the screen
12620
07:54:55,920 --> 07:54:56,920
without actually touching the screen so
12621
07:54:58,160 --> 07:54:59,160
it has like a large
12622
07:54:59,760 --> 07:55:00,760
space and you can write all over it
12623
07:55:01,520 --> 07:55:02,520
moving your mouse around and that's
12624
07:55:03,840 --> 07:55:04,840
basically
12625
07:55:04,958 --> 07:55:05,958
how i'm able to annotate these videos
12626
07:55:08,638 --> 07:55:09,638
now depending on your usage someone who
12627
07:55:10,478 --> 07:55:11,478
does a lot of drawing for instance is
12628
07:55:12,958 --> 07:55:13,958
going to have a more expensive tablet
12629
07:55:15,520 --> 07:55:16,520
pad because the tablet will be able to
12630
07:55:17,600 --> 07:55:18,600
recognize the different variants in
12631
07:55:20,160 --> 07:55:21,160
force they're placing on the pen so they
12632
07:55:22,160 --> 07:55:23,160
can shade for instance something in if
12633
07:55:24,398 --> 07:55:25,398
they're coloring something at a very
12634
07:55:26,000 --> 07:55:27,000
high force or a low force
12635
07:55:28,878 --> 07:55:29,878
these are widely used in tablet pcs pdas
12636
07:55:32,000 --> 07:55:33,000
and also
12637
07:55:33,040 --> 07:55:34,040
handheld computers nowadays
12638
07:55:37,200 --> 07:55:38,200
now in some cases it has to be
12639
07:55:39,440 --> 07:55:40,440
calibrated these pens have to be
12640
07:55:40,958 --> 07:55:41,958
calibrated which means
12641
07:55:45,920 --> 07:55:46,920
you'll probably given several x's on the
12642
07:55:48,718 --> 07:55:49,718
screen
12643
07:55:50,240 --> 07:55:51,240
and you're asked to tap the x with the
12644
07:55:52,320 --> 07:55:53,320
pen and the reason you need to do this
12645
07:55:53,760 --> 07:55:54,760
is the monitor and the computer need to
12646
07:55:55,840 --> 07:55:56,840
line up with one another okay so
12647
07:55:57,680 --> 07:55:58,680
sometimes when you see styluses on the
12648
07:55:59,360 --> 07:56:00,360
exam it does ask you
12649
07:56:01,440 --> 07:56:02,440
how do you what's best something special
12650
07:56:03,280 --> 07:56:04,280
you have to do with the stylus or with
12651
07:56:04,798 --> 07:56:05,798
the writing tool and that's you have to
12652
07:56:06,558 --> 07:56:07,558
calibrate it ipads you don't have to do
12653
07:56:08,558 --> 07:56:09,558
this android devices sometimes you do
12654
07:56:10,798 --> 07:56:11,798
and a lot of laptops you purchase that
12655
07:56:12,958 --> 07:56:13,958
have uh writing capabilities you will
12656
07:56:15,520 --> 07:56:16,520
have to calibrate as well
12657
07:56:19,040 --> 07:56:20,040
okay so now we've talked about keyboards
12658
07:56:22,240 --> 07:56:23,240
including the layout of the keyboard
12659
07:56:25,040 --> 07:56:26,040
which is different when you have those
12660
07:56:26,638 --> 07:56:27,638
function keys
12661
07:56:29,040 --> 07:56:30,040
uh and or
12662
07:56:30,878 --> 07:56:31,878
the num lock
12663
07:56:32,240 --> 07:56:33,240
those are the two ones we really need to
12664
07:56:33,600 --> 07:56:34,600
pay attention to we also have the
12665
07:56:35,280 --> 07:56:36,280
connector which is a flex connector
12666
07:56:38,240 --> 07:56:39,240
okay we also talked about different
12667
07:56:39,920 --> 07:56:40,920
pointing devices including the track pad
12668
07:56:41,840 --> 07:56:42,840
which means you're going to use your
12669
07:56:43,440 --> 07:56:44,440
fingers
12670
07:56:44,878 --> 07:56:45,878
a track point or eraser head which is
12671
07:56:47,120 --> 07:56:48,120
that little
12672
07:56:49,360 --> 07:56:50,360
plastic thing that's in the middle of
12673
07:56:50,718 --> 07:56:51,718
the keyboard and then a stylus which
12674
07:56:52,878 --> 07:56:53,878
again the important thing here is you
12675
07:56:54,398 --> 07:56:55,398
have to calibrate it generally speaking
12676
07:56:58,878 --> 07:56:59,878
so now that we've talked about all of
12677
07:57:00,320 --> 07:57:01,320
this stuff all this external stuff let's
12678
07:57:02,240 --> 07:57:03,240
get into some of the more intricacies of
12679
07:57:04,478 --> 07:57:05,478
a laptop computer and talk about some of
12680
07:57:06,718 --> 07:57:07,718
the uh internals that make it as well as
12681
07:57:10,160 --> 07:57:11,160
some of the special considerations that
12682
07:57:11,760 --> 07:57:12,760
go into laptops
12683
07:57:16,850 --> 07:57:17,850
[Music]
12684
07:57:37,440 --> 07:57:38,440
laptops video and sound
12685
07:57:41,280 --> 07:57:42,280
so now we've discussed some of the input
12686
07:57:43,200 --> 07:57:44,200
devices that make a laptop different
12687
07:57:45,600 --> 07:57:46,600
from a desktop computer let's talk about
12688
07:57:48,398 --> 07:57:49,398
the output device which is a little more
12689
07:57:50,320 --> 07:57:51,320
intricate and a little more internal to
12690
07:57:52,478 --> 07:57:53,478
the laptop since
12691
07:57:55,440 --> 07:57:56,440
making the monitor smaller was one of
12692
07:57:57,600 --> 07:57:58,600
the first keys to allowing a laptop to
12693
07:57:59,920 --> 07:58:00,920
happen also we don't have an external
12694
07:58:03,040 --> 07:58:04,040
speaker
12695
07:58:04,478 --> 07:58:05,478
or anything external that is required to
12696
07:58:07,520 --> 07:58:08,520
allow the laptop to work
12697
07:58:09,280 --> 07:58:10,280
so let's look at the video and sound
12698
07:58:11,360 --> 07:58:12,360
we'll start by looking at the video
12699
07:58:13,360 --> 07:58:14,360
specifically looking at the lcd which
12700
07:58:15,920 --> 07:58:16,920
also stands for
12701
07:58:18,000 --> 07:58:19,000
liquid
12702
07:58:22,718 --> 07:58:23,718
crystal
12703
07:58:27,040 --> 07:58:28,040
display
12704
07:58:28,718 --> 07:58:29,718
we'll look at the different resolutions
12705
07:58:30,558 --> 07:58:31,558
and we'll talk a little bit about what
12706
07:58:32,240 --> 07:58:33,240
resolution means if you don't already
12707
07:58:34,240 --> 07:58:35,240
know
12708
07:58:35,200 --> 07:58:36,200
that are available on a laptop
12709
07:58:37,520 --> 07:58:38,520
we'll look at very briefly what the gpu
12710
07:58:40,080 --> 07:58:41,080
is the graphics processing unit
12711
07:58:43,120 --> 07:58:44,120
and then we'll look at troubleshooting
12712
07:58:44,958 --> 07:58:45,958
video on a laptop now just as a note
12713
07:58:47,600 --> 07:58:48,600
we're going to talk more expansively
12714
07:58:49,600 --> 07:58:50,600
about
12715
07:58:50,798 --> 07:58:51,798
video and audio a little bit later on in
12716
07:58:52,718 --> 07:58:53,718
this course so some of the things we
12717
07:58:54,558 --> 07:58:55,558
touch on now we will touch on more in
12718
07:58:56,320 --> 07:58:57,320
depth later on as well
12719
07:58:58,638 --> 07:58:59,638
then we're going to talk about audio
12720
07:59:01,040 --> 07:59:02,040
including the integrated sound and when
12721
07:59:03,840 --> 07:59:04,840
we say sound we don't just mean the
12722
07:59:06,558 --> 07:59:07,558
sound card we also mean the speakers
12723
07:59:09,680 --> 07:59:10,680
okay
12724
07:59:11,120 --> 07:59:12,120
since they both have to be built into
12725
07:59:12,798 --> 07:59:13,798
the laptop
12726
07:59:14,000 --> 07:59:15,000
we'll then talk about volume control as
12727
07:59:16,320 --> 07:59:17,320
well
12728
07:59:17,760 --> 07:59:18,760
all right
12729
07:59:19,120 --> 07:59:20,120
first let's talk about the lcd screen
12730
07:59:21,120 --> 07:59:22,120
the liquid crystal display and you've
12731
07:59:22,718 --> 07:59:23,718
probably heard this now because a lot of
12732
07:59:24,320 --> 07:59:25,320
tvs are being made with the same
12733
07:59:25,840 --> 07:59:26,840
technology
12734
07:59:27,440 --> 07:59:28,440
what it is is a flat panel display and
12735
07:59:30,000 --> 07:59:31,000
the way it works
12736
07:59:31,520 --> 07:59:32,520
is there is a layer of liquid crystals
12737
07:59:34,558 --> 07:59:35,558
sorry a layer of liquid crystal
12738
07:59:36,240 --> 07:59:37,240
solutions around two sheets of
12739
07:59:38,718 --> 07:59:39,718
polarizing material
12740
07:59:40,398 --> 07:59:41,398
so we have a
12741
07:59:42,398 --> 07:59:43,398
a light back here which we'll look at in
12742
07:59:44,398 --> 07:59:45,398
just a second and again we're going to
12743
07:59:45,920 --> 07:59:46,920
talk more about this in depth
12744
07:59:48,798 --> 07:59:49,798
then we have
12745
07:59:52,080 --> 07:59:53,080
our liquid crystal solution
12746
07:59:54,958 --> 07:59:55,958
there are two sheets that it's around
12747
07:59:56,558 --> 07:59:57,558
different polarizing materials so it's
12748
07:59:58,080 --> 07:59:59,080
doing different things to the
12749
08:00:00,958 --> 08:00:01,958
to the electronics here
12750
08:00:03,600 --> 08:00:04,600
and then
12751
08:00:05,200 --> 08:00:06,200
we have the color filter allowing it to
12752
08:00:07,760 --> 08:00:08,760
actually create
12753
08:00:09,600 --> 08:00:10,600
images
12754
08:00:11,680 --> 08:00:12,680
now if my drawing doesn't clarify things
12755
08:00:13,440 --> 08:00:14,440
for you that's okay and you don't really
12756
08:00:14,718 --> 08:00:15,718
need to know it in depth for the a plus
12757
08:00:17,040 --> 08:00:18,040
exam i'm just giving you a brief
12758
08:00:18,718 --> 08:00:19,718
overview and again we will talk about
12759
08:00:20,320 --> 08:00:21,320
this more in depth later on
12760
08:00:22,958 --> 08:00:23,958
now it connects to the motherboard by a
12761
08:00:25,280 --> 08:00:26,280
flex ribbon cable and if that sounds
12762
08:00:26,958 --> 08:00:27,958
familiar
12763
08:00:28,398 --> 08:00:29,398
it's because that's the same sort of
12764
08:00:29,920 --> 08:00:30,920
cable that's connecting the keyboard
12765
08:00:34,000 --> 08:00:35,000
to the motherboard alright and the
12766
08:00:36,080 --> 08:00:37,080
reason we need a flex cable here is
12767
08:00:37,600 --> 08:00:38,600
because again look if this is going to
12768
08:00:39,600 --> 08:00:40,600
fold over
12769
08:00:41,040 --> 08:00:42,040
and close something in there needs to be
12770
08:00:42,798 --> 08:00:43,798
flexible this also means that this cable
12771
08:00:45,760 --> 08:00:46,760
is a single point of failure meaning
12772
08:00:47,840 --> 08:00:48,840
it's easy for it to
12773
08:00:50,638 --> 08:00:51,638
you know get destroyed very easily
12774
08:00:55,360 --> 08:00:56,360
now the lcd is lit by what's called a
12775
08:00:57,280 --> 08:00:58,280
cold cathode fluorescent lamp which is
12776
08:01:00,080 --> 08:01:01,080
basically a bulb nowadays we also are
12777
08:01:02,478 --> 08:01:03,478
going to see them lit by led powered
12778
08:01:05,440 --> 08:01:06,440
all right we'll talk about that more
12779
08:01:06,798 --> 08:01:07,798
when we get into video and audio but the
12780
08:01:08,798 --> 08:01:09,798
cold cathode fluorescent lamp is also
12781
08:01:10,958 --> 08:01:11,958
referred to as
12782
08:01:12,558 --> 08:01:13,558
or the led actually whichever one it is
12783
08:01:15,200 --> 08:01:16,200
is called the backlight and we'll talk
12784
08:01:17,040 --> 08:01:18,040
about that in just a minute because
12785
08:01:18,558 --> 08:01:19,558
that's a piece that also goes bad pretty
12786
08:01:20,398 --> 08:01:21,398
quickly
12787
08:01:21,680 --> 08:01:22,680
now the lcd backlight
12788
08:01:23,680 --> 08:01:24,680
is driven by a high voltage inverter
12789
08:01:26,320 --> 08:01:27,320
circuit called the inverter board so if
12790
08:01:28,878 --> 08:01:29,878
the inverter board goes out the back
12791
08:01:30,878 --> 08:01:31,878
light goes out just important to know
12792
08:01:32,558 --> 08:01:33,558
this vocabulary but basically that
12793
08:01:34,558 --> 08:01:35,558
voltage that high voltage inverter
12794
08:01:36,718 --> 08:01:37,718
supplies power to the lamp to the
12795
08:01:38,878 --> 08:01:39,878
backlight the backlight allows
12796
08:01:41,920 --> 08:01:42,920
all the crystals and everything to show
12797
08:01:43,600 --> 08:01:44,600
an image
12798
08:01:44,638 --> 08:01:45,638
otherwise the image is very dim
12799
08:01:48,240 --> 08:01:49,240
this is prone to failure
12800
08:01:50,878 --> 08:01:51,878
and if the inverter fails like i just
12801
08:01:53,280 --> 08:01:54,280
said the display will go dark so if you
12802
08:01:55,920 --> 08:01:56,920
ever have a question on the exam that
12803
08:01:58,638 --> 08:01:59,638
talks about
12804
08:01:59,840 --> 08:02:00,840
the display going dark
12805
08:02:01,680 --> 08:02:02,680
then your problem probably is that the
12806
08:02:03,840 --> 08:02:04,840
inverter board is bad especially if you
12807
08:02:06,478 --> 08:02:07,478
can hook up an external monitor the
12808
08:02:08,798 --> 08:02:09,798
external monitor works it means your
12809
08:02:10,398 --> 08:02:11,398
video card is fine the the display
12810
08:02:13,840 --> 08:02:14,840
itself is not okay so again that
12811
08:02:16,160 --> 08:02:17,160
external monitor should work properly
12812
08:02:18,080 --> 08:02:19,080
another way to test that the inverter
12813
08:02:21,360 --> 08:02:22,360
has gone bad if you shine a flashlight
12814
08:02:23,840 --> 08:02:24,840
straight at the screen you can generally
12815
08:02:26,160 --> 08:02:27,160
make out an image or the image is very
12816
08:02:28,558 --> 08:02:29,558
dim to begin with this means that there
12817
08:02:30,478 --> 08:02:31,478
is an image being provided from the
12818
08:02:32,080 --> 08:02:33,080
graphics card the problem is it just
12819
08:02:33,840 --> 08:02:34,840
can't be lit
12820
08:02:37,520 --> 08:02:38,520
another liquid crystal display here a
12821
08:02:39,200 --> 08:02:40,200
little newer
12822
08:02:40,478 --> 08:02:41,478
just pointing that out
12823
08:02:42,000 --> 08:02:43,000
now a lot of these are what called thin
12824
08:02:43,840 --> 08:02:44,840
film transistor
12825
08:02:45,600 --> 08:02:46,600
displays tft displays it's basically
12826
08:02:47,920 --> 08:02:48,920
commonplace now and what this is is an
12827
08:02:50,718 --> 08:02:51,718
active matrix display meaning that they
12828
08:02:53,680 --> 08:02:54,680
run at one resolution
12829
08:02:55,840 --> 08:02:56,840
okay now the resolution is the amount of
12830
08:02:57,840 --> 08:02:58,840
pixels
12831
08:03:01,120 --> 08:03:02,120
that this monitor can show
12832
08:03:03,440 --> 08:03:04,440
and it's generally shown in a sort of uh
12833
08:03:07,840 --> 08:03:08,840
high you know width versus height
12834
08:03:10,320 --> 08:03:11,320
but we'll talk about that just in a
12835
08:03:11,600 --> 08:03:12,600
second for every pixel there are three
12836
08:03:14,080 --> 08:03:15,080
transistors generally speaking rgb red
12837
08:03:17,040 --> 08:03:18,040
green and blue and out of that
12838
08:03:18,718 --> 08:03:19,718
combination they can create just about
12839
08:03:20,558 --> 08:03:21,558
any color you can think about
12840
08:03:23,760 --> 08:03:24,760
now this is contained the tft is
12841
08:03:25,680 --> 08:03:26,680
contained within a flexible material
12842
08:03:27,760 --> 08:03:28,760
behind the liquid crystal crystal
12843
08:03:29,600 --> 08:03:30,600
material
12844
08:03:30,558 --> 08:03:31,558
and so these transistors are what really
12845
08:03:32,398 --> 08:03:33,398
provides color
12846
08:03:34,080 --> 08:03:35,080
to the lcd the crystals
12847
08:03:40,000 --> 08:03:41,000
now this uses a low amount of power okay
12848
08:03:43,040 --> 08:03:44,040
so one of the benefits here is it
12849
08:03:44,638 --> 08:03:45,638
generates a small amount of heat which
12850
08:03:46,478 --> 08:03:47,478
is very important when we're dealing
12851
08:03:47,760 --> 08:03:48,760
with a limited amount of space
12852
08:03:49,920 --> 08:03:50,920
this causes little in the way of
12853
08:03:51,440 --> 08:03:52,440
interference and emissions again we have
12854
08:03:53,760 --> 08:03:54,760
so many things going on here i don't
12855
08:03:55,680 --> 08:03:56,680
need the emissions and electronics and
12856
08:03:57,760 --> 08:03:58,760
magnetic fields coming from this monitor
12857
08:03:59,920 --> 08:04:00,920
to be interfering with everything here
12858
08:04:01,920 --> 08:04:02,920
okay again this is a very
12859
08:04:03,680 --> 08:04:04,680
broad overview this is not something you
12860
08:04:05,600 --> 08:04:06,600
really need to know for the exam
12861
08:04:10,080 --> 08:04:11,080
now the display uh controls so
12862
08:04:13,120 --> 08:04:14,120
brightness for instance
12863
08:04:15,200 --> 08:04:16,200
can be adjusted generally on the
12864
08:04:16,878 --> 08:04:17,878
keyboard and there's generally
12865
08:04:18,798 --> 08:04:19,798
some function keys where we just talked
12866
08:04:20,398 --> 08:04:21,398
about those up here that allow you to
12867
08:04:21,920 --> 08:04:22,920
control the brightness
12868
08:04:23,680 --> 08:04:24,680
on some older laptops there might also
12869
08:04:26,958 --> 08:04:27,958
be a sort of knob generally speaking
12870
08:04:29,920 --> 08:04:30,920
you're not going to see that though now
12871
08:04:31,760 --> 08:04:32,760
the resolution like we just said is the
12872
08:04:33,520 --> 08:04:34,520
amount of pixels per area this is
12873
08:04:36,160 --> 08:04:37,160
generally measured in a horizontal
12874
08:04:38,878 --> 08:04:39,878
uh
12875
08:04:41,840 --> 08:04:42,840
by
12876
08:04:42,958 --> 08:04:43,958
vertical measurement
12877
08:04:45,600 --> 08:04:46,600
so for instance
12878
08:04:47,280 --> 08:04:48,280
1280
12879
08:04:48,558 --> 08:04:49,558
by
12880
08:04:49,840 --> 08:04:50,840
720
12881
08:04:51,680 --> 08:04:52,680
i'm going to show you some of the most
12882
08:04:52,958 --> 08:04:53,958
popular
12883
08:04:55,680 --> 08:04:56,680
resolutions here
12884
08:04:57,280 --> 08:04:58,280
these are important okay the only reason
12885
08:04:59,200 --> 08:05:00,200
i'm we're showing you these now
12886
08:05:01,840 --> 08:05:02,840
is because they might ask you
12887
08:05:04,000 --> 08:05:05,000
what the resolution is for one of these
12888
08:05:06,638 --> 08:05:07,638
standards and again these are tft
12889
08:05:08,798 --> 08:05:09,798
display standards so these are generally
12890
08:05:11,040 --> 08:05:12,040
set
12891
08:05:14,240 --> 08:05:15,240
and you can see over here
12892
08:05:20,718 --> 08:05:21,718
how the aspect ratio
12893
08:05:23,920 --> 08:05:24,920
matches the horizontal by vertical
12894
08:05:25,920 --> 08:05:26,920
basically what happens is this is a
12895
08:05:28,638 --> 08:05:29,638
a ratio so if i just took out that colon
12896
08:05:31,680 --> 08:05:32,680
and i put in a dividing line for
12897
08:05:33,360 --> 08:05:34,360
instance
12898
08:05:34,398 --> 08:05:35,398
16 divided by 9 is going to equal the
12899
08:05:36,320 --> 08:05:37,320
same thing as 1366 divided by 768 and
12900
08:05:40,398 --> 08:05:41,398
these are all widescreen ratios we very
12901
08:05:42,558 --> 08:05:43,558
rarely nowadays see full screen ratios a
12902
08:05:45,200 --> 08:05:46,200
full screen ratio would be around a 4.3
12903
08:05:47,360 --> 08:05:48,360
and that's what old televisions used to
12904
08:05:49,200 --> 08:05:50,200
use not anymore now what we have are
12905
08:05:51,440 --> 08:05:52,440
most of these widescreen and if you buy
12906
08:05:52,798 --> 08:05:53,798
a television that's generally we're
12907
08:05:53,920 --> 08:05:54,920
going to have the benefit is more
12908
08:05:56,000 --> 08:05:57,000
resolution more pixels means that it
12909
08:05:58,638 --> 08:05:59,638
looks like you can put more on the
12910
08:06:00,000 --> 08:06:01,000
screen that's because every pixel can
12911
08:06:02,718 --> 08:06:03,718
hold more information
12912
08:06:04,638 --> 08:06:05,638
uh it's smaller and so
12913
08:06:07,200 --> 08:06:08,200
everything looks smaller and then you
12914
08:06:08,798 --> 08:06:09,798
can fit more on there so obviously this
12915
08:06:11,600 --> 08:06:12,600
is a slightly uh
12916
08:06:13,760 --> 08:06:14,760
higher resolution than these two
12917
08:06:21,200 --> 08:06:22,200
the graphing the graphics processing
12918
08:06:23,040 --> 08:06:24,040
unit and again we're going to talk about
12919
08:06:24,160 --> 08:06:25,160
this a little more as well is a
12920
08:06:25,680 --> 08:06:26,680
processor specifically for the video now
12921
08:06:28,000 --> 08:06:29,000
the reason we have to have a processor
12922
08:06:29,520 --> 08:06:30,520
specifically for the video is because
12923
08:06:30,958 --> 08:06:31,958
video cards have become so advanced
12924
08:06:32,638 --> 08:06:33,638
nowadays that they were stealing so much
12925
08:06:34,558 --> 08:06:35,558
energy uh from
12926
08:06:37,120 --> 08:06:38,120
uh the
12927
08:06:38,478 --> 08:06:39,478
processors uh that we that
12928
08:06:41,680 --> 08:06:42,680
excuse me from the processor the cpu so
12929
08:06:44,638 --> 08:06:45,638
they had to start putting gpus on to
12930
08:06:48,160 --> 08:06:49,160
the video card or in this case onto the
12931
08:06:49,920 --> 08:06:50,920
laptop motherboard because it's also
12932
08:06:52,000 --> 08:06:53,000
integrated right this is also small that
12933
08:06:55,680 --> 08:06:56,680
it's impossible to sort of put a whole
12934
08:06:57,280 --> 08:06:58,280
bunch of different devices so they start
12935
08:06:58,638 --> 08:06:59,638
integrating it all into the motherboard
12936
08:07:00,160 --> 08:07:01,160
it's very hard therefore to upgrade the
12937
08:07:02,160 --> 08:07:03,160
graphics card on a laptop
12938
08:07:05,040 --> 08:07:06,040
it's part of the chipset and it utilizes
12939
08:07:07,440 --> 08:07:08,440
ram as shared memory shared video memory
12940
08:07:10,478 --> 08:07:11,478
rather so what it'll actually have is it
12941
08:07:12,558 --> 08:07:13,558
either has ram with the computer or the
12942
08:07:15,120 --> 08:07:16,120
video card has its own memory we'll talk
12943
08:07:17,360 --> 08:07:18,360
about that a little bit more later as
12944
08:07:19,280 --> 08:07:20,280
well uh to feed the gpu and to act as
12945
08:07:22,958 --> 08:07:23,958
sort of a buffer so that way when you
12946
08:07:24,958 --> 08:07:25,958
see stuff it is clear and if you start
12947
08:07:26,638 --> 08:07:27,638
seeing something that's really jerking
12948
08:07:28,398 --> 08:07:29,398
or it's um
12949
08:07:29,920 --> 08:07:30,920
it's not giving you a clear display it's
12950
08:07:31,440 --> 08:07:32,440
taking a very long time to to give you
12951
08:07:33,360 --> 08:07:34,360
visual information it could be that your
12952
08:07:35,360 --> 08:07:36,360
cpu and your ram are fine but your gpu
12953
08:07:38,000 --> 08:07:39,000
or your video card are actually slower
12954
08:07:40,000 --> 08:07:41,000
than you need on a laptop that's going
12955
08:07:41,840 --> 08:07:42,840
to happen more likely than on a desktop
12956
08:07:44,320 --> 08:07:45,320
and one of the things they've been
12957
08:07:45,440 --> 08:07:46,440
working on
12958
08:07:46,718 --> 08:07:47,718
quite frequently actually is trying to
12959
08:07:48,958 --> 08:07:49,958
make better video graphics on a laptop
12960
08:07:53,520 --> 08:07:54,520
so some video issues that we have on
12961
08:07:55,920 --> 08:07:56,920
laptops specifically that i've seen on
12962
08:07:58,000 --> 08:07:59,000
the test if the backlight has failed you
12963
08:08:00,798 --> 08:08:01,798
want to verify that it is an inverter
12964
08:08:03,360 --> 08:08:04,360
backlight issue like we talked about
12965
08:08:06,000 --> 08:08:07,000
you can shine a flashlight at the screen
12966
08:08:07,760 --> 08:08:08,760
and if you see an image the inverter is
12967
08:08:09,440 --> 08:08:10,440
bagged that's because the image is being
12968
08:08:11,680 --> 08:08:12,680
created it just can't it's just not
12969
08:08:13,200 --> 08:08:14,200
bright enough
12970
08:08:15,120 --> 08:08:16,120
if nothing shows when you do that
12971
08:08:17,920 --> 08:08:18,920
then your display flex cable might be
12972
08:08:20,240 --> 08:08:21,240
loose or disconnected or alternatively
12973
08:08:22,638 --> 08:08:23,638
the graphics card has gone bad one way
12974
08:08:24,638 --> 08:08:25,638
to test if the graphics card has gone
12975
08:08:26,718 --> 08:08:27,718
bad
12976
08:08:28,000 --> 08:08:29,000
is to plug in an external monitor the
12977
08:08:30,638 --> 08:08:31,638
external monitor works then you know
12978
08:08:32,398 --> 08:08:33,398
it's the monitor on your laptop that's
12979
08:08:34,798 --> 08:08:35,798
gone bad
12980
08:08:36,000 --> 08:08:37,000
if the external monitor doesn't work
12981
08:08:38,160 --> 08:08:39,160
then you know
12982
08:08:39,200 --> 08:08:40,200
the graphics card itself has actually
12983
08:08:40,878 --> 08:08:41,878
gone bad
12984
08:08:44,160 --> 08:08:45,160
now there are two types of lcd damage
12985
08:08:46,558 --> 08:08:47,558
that's damaged to the screen itself
12986
08:08:48,240 --> 08:08:49,240
there's minor damage that could be
12987
08:08:49,680 --> 08:08:50,680
caused by the keyboard scratching
12988
08:08:51,200 --> 08:08:52,200
against the display and generally what
12989
08:08:53,120 --> 08:08:54,120
happens is if you have
12990
08:08:56,798 --> 08:08:57,798
a laptop it has little sort of risers
12991
08:08:59,600 --> 08:09:00,600
and what that'll do is make sure that
12992
08:09:01,040 --> 08:09:02,040
there's a space between the
12993
08:09:03,760 --> 08:09:04,760
monitor the lcd and the keyboard and
12994
08:09:06,558 --> 08:09:07,558
sometimes what happens is those wear off
12995
08:09:08,718 --> 08:09:09,718
so if those are worn down or missing
12996
08:09:10,478 --> 08:09:11,478
what you can do is simply attach new
12997
08:09:12,000 --> 08:09:13,000
ones or replace ones to avoid further
12998
08:09:14,478 --> 08:09:15,478
damage
12999
08:09:16,000 --> 08:09:17,000
now if you have major lcd damage such as
13000
08:09:18,558 --> 08:09:19,558
a crack in the screen or a portion of it
13001
08:09:20,798 --> 08:09:21,798
not displaying properly maybe because
13002
08:09:22,478 --> 08:09:23,478
you dropped it you can always replace
13003
08:09:24,240 --> 08:09:25,240
the screen however it might be
13004
08:09:27,040 --> 08:09:28,040
cheaper to just buy a new computer at
13005
08:09:28,558 --> 08:09:29,558
that point
13006
08:09:29,760 --> 08:09:30,760
you might also see dark and irregular
13007
08:09:31,680 --> 08:09:32,680
lines running the width of the display
13008
08:09:33,840 --> 08:09:34,840
so you might see you know weird lines
13009
08:09:35,680 --> 08:09:36,680
sort of popping up uh generally speaking
13010
08:09:37,920 --> 08:09:38,920
once you get to that if it's not a
13011
08:09:39,280 --> 08:09:40,280
driver issue which it very rarely is
13012
08:09:41,760 --> 08:09:42,760
you're gonna have to replace your screen
13013
08:09:43,600 --> 08:09:44,600
obviously if there's physical damage to
13014
08:09:45,120 --> 08:09:46,120
it uh you're sort of sol at that point
13015
08:09:50,558 --> 08:09:51,558
and then of course you have to replace
13016
08:09:52,398 --> 08:09:53,398
the screen which is your only last
13017
08:09:54,718 --> 08:09:55,718
option
13018
08:09:57,360 --> 08:09:58,360
okay we've talked about video we talked
13019
08:09:59,280 --> 08:10:00,280
about lcd liquid crystal displays we
13020
08:10:01,600 --> 08:10:02,600
talked about the resolutions we talked
13021
08:10:04,000 --> 08:10:05,000
about the gpu the graphic processing
13022
08:10:06,320 --> 08:10:07,320
unit and again i just want to point out
13023
08:10:07,600 --> 08:10:08,600
with resolutions we're looking mostly at
13024
08:10:09,360 --> 08:10:10,360
16 by 9 or 16 by 10 which are both wide
13025
08:10:13,360 --> 08:10:14,360
screen resolutions and then we looked at
13026
08:10:15,280 --> 08:10:16,280
the most common troubleshooting steps
13027
08:10:16,878 --> 08:10:17,878
with video on a laptop so now let's talk
13028
08:10:19,760 --> 08:10:20,760
about the audio very briefly
13029
08:10:23,280 --> 08:10:24,280
uh the sound card is often integrated
13030
08:10:25,520 --> 08:10:26,520
usually through a mini pci card remember
13031
08:10:28,240 --> 08:10:29,240
pci is that bus we have on our computer
13032
08:10:31,600 --> 08:10:32,600
a mini pci card is simply a much smaller
13033
08:10:35,040 --> 08:10:36,040
form factor of that and there's usually
13034
08:10:37,280 --> 08:10:38,280
also integrated speakers so again it's
13035
08:10:39,680 --> 08:10:40,680
not very easy to upgrade the speakers or
13036
08:10:41,840 --> 08:10:42,840
the sound card once you've installed it
13037
08:10:44,638 --> 08:10:45,638
it's usually equipped with a speaker
13038
08:10:46,958 --> 08:10:47,958
headphone out connector a line in
13039
08:10:49,360 --> 08:10:50,360
connector and a microphone connector
13040
08:10:51,280 --> 08:10:52,280
again these are all generally eighth
13041
08:10:52,798 --> 08:10:53,798
inch and very small sometimes you'll
13042
08:10:55,760 --> 08:10:56,760
have only two so you won't have the
13043
08:10:57,520 --> 08:10:58,520
lighting connector you'll just have
13044
08:10:58,878 --> 08:10:59,878
microphone and the speaker or headphone
13045
08:11:01,600 --> 08:11:02,600
um
13046
08:11:02,478 --> 08:11:03,478
sometimes the connectors are integrated
13047
08:11:04,958 --> 08:11:05,958
for instance on your if anyone has an
13048
08:11:06,798 --> 08:11:07,798
iphone or if you have an android or a
13049
08:11:08,398 --> 08:11:09,398
lot of smartphones nowadays they use the
13050
08:11:10,840 --> 08:11:11,840
same um
13051
08:11:12,958 --> 08:11:13,958
the same eighth inch jack for the
13052
08:11:15,520 --> 08:11:16,520
microphone and for the
13053
08:11:18,240 --> 08:11:19,240
headphones of course you have to make
13054
08:11:19,600 --> 08:11:20,600
sure you buy a headphone microphone
13055
08:11:21,360 --> 08:11:22,360
combination that works with that and you
13056
08:11:23,040 --> 08:11:24,040
have to make sure the computer is
13057
08:11:24,080 --> 08:11:25,080
working with it too apple macbooks and
13058
08:11:26,478 --> 08:11:27,478
macbook pros as well
13059
08:11:28,398 --> 08:11:29,398
macbook airs also
13060
08:11:30,718 --> 08:11:31,718
share this connector
13061
08:11:33,280 --> 08:11:34,280
sometimes you'll also have an ieee 1394
13062
08:11:35,520 --> 08:11:36,520
again that's firewire connector the
13063
08:11:37,600 --> 08:11:38,600
reason i mentioned that is specifically
13064
08:11:39,360 --> 08:11:40,360
because of camcorders
13065
08:11:53,200 --> 08:11:54,200
for hardware volume adjustment we
13066
08:11:55,120 --> 08:11:56,120
generally have new systems that have
13067
08:11:57,280 --> 08:11:58,280
buttons through keyboards
13068
08:11:59,440 --> 08:12:00,440
um so for instance you would hit the
13069
08:12:01,680 --> 08:12:02,680
function key and that would allow you to
13070
08:12:02,958 --> 08:12:03,958
raise or lower the volume with older
13071
08:12:05,280 --> 08:12:06,280
systems you probably had knobs or dials
13072
08:12:09,600 --> 08:12:10,600
you can adjust the audio
13073
08:12:11,920 --> 08:12:12,920
on
13074
08:12:12,958 --> 08:12:13,958
within windows here i'm in the control
13075
08:12:15,280 --> 08:12:16,280
panel you can see
13076
08:12:17,200 --> 08:12:18,200
right and the control panel items
13077
08:12:18,558 --> 08:12:19,558
there's generally a sound icon you can
13078
08:12:20,638 --> 08:12:21,638
go in and adjust the levels configure
13079
08:12:22,558 --> 08:12:23,558
certain things within there
13080
08:12:24,638 --> 08:12:25,638
here's that path
13081
08:12:28,320 --> 08:12:29,320
alternatively
13082
08:12:30,320 --> 08:12:31,320
there's usually at the bottom right of
13083
08:12:32,000 --> 08:12:33,000
windows and we'll look at windows a
13084
08:12:33,120 --> 08:12:34,120
little more there's an audio that goes
13085
08:12:35,360 --> 08:12:36,360
up or down
13086
08:12:37,280 --> 08:12:38,280
and you can click on that task bar icon
13087
08:12:40,160 --> 08:12:41,160
and you can move the
13088
08:12:41,760 --> 08:12:42,760
sound levels up or down without having
13089
08:12:43,840 --> 08:12:44,840
to use any hardware adjustments
13090
08:12:46,958 --> 08:12:47,958
i just put a note in here as well that
13091
08:12:48,558 --> 08:12:49,558
many sound cards have their own
13092
08:12:50,000 --> 08:12:51,000
utilities and their own drivers so
13093
08:12:51,760 --> 08:12:52,760
that's something important to keep in
13094
08:12:53,120 --> 08:12:54,120
mind
13095
08:12:56,718 --> 08:12:57,718
okay so now we've talked about audio
13096
08:12:58,798 --> 08:12:59,798
including integrated sound that's sound
13097
08:13:01,040 --> 08:13:02,040
cards and
13098
08:13:02,878 --> 08:13:03,878
speakers as well as the volume which is
13099
08:13:05,200 --> 08:13:06,200
generally going to be turned on
13100
08:13:07,200 --> 08:13:08,200
through keyboard
13101
08:13:09,200 --> 08:13:10,200
keyboard buttons or you can do it
13102
08:13:11,200 --> 08:13:12,200
through windows so again we talked about
13103
08:13:13,280 --> 08:13:14,280
video we talked about the liquid crystal
13104
08:13:15,840 --> 08:13:16,840
display
13105
08:13:21,360 --> 08:13:22,360
okay most of these are tfts
13106
08:13:24,718 --> 08:13:25,718
right which means they are
13107
08:13:26,798 --> 08:13:27,798
an active matrix is what that means
13108
08:13:28,798 --> 08:13:29,798
which means it works well at just one
13109
08:13:30,478 --> 08:13:31,478
ratio one active ratio one resolution
13110
08:13:33,200 --> 08:13:34,200
okay so we talked about those
13111
08:13:35,360 --> 08:13:36,360
resolutions
13112
08:13:36,638 --> 08:13:37,638
we looked at them most of them are 16 by
13113
08:13:38,798 --> 08:13:39,798
nine or 16 by 10 which are widescreen
13114
08:13:41,920 --> 08:13:42,920
you want to memorize that table which
13115
08:13:43,360 --> 08:13:44,360
you can also download aside from this
13116
08:13:45,760 --> 08:13:46,760
next to this video
13117
08:13:47,840 --> 08:13:48,840
most video cards nowadays have a
13118
08:13:49,280 --> 08:13:50,280
graphics processing unit gpu to take on
13119
08:13:51,680 --> 08:13:52,680
the burden of a lot of that graphics
13120
08:13:53,200 --> 08:13:54,200
processing
13121
08:13:55,280 --> 08:13:56,280
and uh troubleshooting video the biggest
13122
08:13:57,360 --> 08:13:58,360
thing you're gonna see here is that
13123
08:13:59,200 --> 08:14:00,200
backlight
13124
08:14:03,680 --> 08:14:04,680
or the inverter board goes bad
13125
08:14:07,280 --> 08:14:08,280
with audio we have integrated sound
13126
08:14:10,478 --> 08:14:11,478
generally through a mini pci card not
13127
08:14:12,798 --> 08:14:13,798
just for the sound card but also for the
13128
08:14:15,040 --> 08:14:16,040
speakers
13129
08:14:16,240 --> 08:14:17,240
and the volume can be raised or lowered
13130
08:14:18,320 --> 08:14:19,320
generally by the keyboard
13131
08:14:21,920 --> 08:14:22,920
or either from the control panel or at
13132
08:14:23,760 --> 08:14:24,760
that bottom taskbar icon
13133
08:14:26,638 --> 08:14:27,638
all right now that we've talked about
13134
08:14:28,160 --> 08:14:29,160
our video and audio and sound let's talk
13135
08:14:30,798 --> 08:14:31,798
about some more of the components that
13136
08:14:32,478 --> 08:14:33,478
are specific to laptops
13137
08:14:37,450 --> 08:14:38,450
[Music]
13138
08:14:58,558 --> 08:14:59,558
laptops storage and power
13139
08:15:01,680 --> 08:15:02,680
we've discussed some of the more basic
13140
08:15:04,080 --> 08:15:05,080
things that go into laptops the display
13141
08:15:06,638 --> 08:15:07,638
sound pointing devices keyboards etc now
13142
08:15:10,160 --> 08:15:11,160
let's get into the nitty gritty let's
13143
08:15:11,840 --> 08:15:12,840
talk about how we power and support
13144
08:15:15,200 --> 08:15:16,200
all the devices that are inside of these
13145
08:15:17,760 --> 08:15:18,760
laptops and how we store information
13146
08:15:21,600 --> 08:15:22,600
so we're going to talk about storage
13147
08:15:23,680 --> 08:15:24,680
devices
13148
08:15:24,798 --> 08:15:25,798
particularly frus
13149
08:15:27,440 --> 08:15:28,440
and that's what a storage device is it's
13150
08:15:30,000 --> 08:15:31,000
a field replaceable unit let me just
13151
08:15:32,798 --> 08:15:33,798
write that up here
13152
08:15:35,440 --> 08:15:36,440
it's a good a lot of stuff are field
13153
08:15:38,240 --> 08:15:39,240
replaceable units um
13154
08:15:41,520 --> 08:15:42,520
storage
13155
08:15:42,558 --> 08:15:43,558
specifically is fru or field replacement
13156
08:15:44,878 --> 08:15:45,878
units and this is a term we'll see come
13157
08:15:46,318 --> 08:15:47,318
back over and over again
13158
08:15:48,318 --> 08:15:49,318
we'll also look at hdd access how we get
13159
08:15:51,120 --> 08:15:52,120
access to the hard drive
13160
08:15:52,958 --> 08:15:53,958
if we need to replace it or upgrade it
13161
08:15:56,000 --> 08:15:57,000
we'll briefly retouch upon sata vs peda
13162
08:15:58,958 --> 08:15:59,958
which we talked about in depth in the
13163
08:16:00,798 --> 08:16:01,798
storage section but i want to talk about
13164
08:16:02,558 --> 08:16:03,558
how it applies here to laptops
13165
08:16:05,200 --> 08:16:06,200
and then we'll look at optical disks uh
13166
08:16:07,600 --> 08:16:08,600
cds dvds blu-ray etc
13167
08:16:11,040 --> 08:16:12,040
next we'll talk about power
13168
08:16:12,958 --> 08:16:13,958
including
13169
08:16:14,160 --> 08:16:15,160
laptop batteries which is a major
13170
08:16:16,160 --> 08:16:17,160
distinction between a desktop computer
13171
08:16:18,318 --> 08:16:19,318
and a laptop right the fact that they
13172
08:16:20,478 --> 08:16:21,478
can run without being plugged into the
13173
08:16:22,080 --> 08:16:23,080
wall thanks to this battery
13174
08:16:24,558 --> 08:16:25,558
we'll talk specifically about the
13175
08:16:26,240 --> 08:16:27,240
lithium-ion battery which is
13176
08:16:28,638 --> 08:16:29,638
also for short looks like lion battery
13177
08:16:32,000 --> 08:16:33,000
and this is the battery that most
13178
08:16:33,360 --> 08:16:34,360
laptops use nowadays
13179
08:16:35,840 --> 08:16:36,840
and then we'll talk about
13180
08:16:36,638 --> 08:16:37,638
troubleshooting batteries and the power
13181
08:16:38,318 --> 08:16:39,318
within laptops
13182
08:16:42,318 --> 08:16:43,318
finally we'll talk about fans which
13183
08:16:44,478 --> 08:16:45,478
relates to power
13184
08:16:46,080 --> 08:16:47,080
because obviously power causes heat and
13185
08:16:48,878 --> 08:16:49,878
heat can cause problems for the laptop
13186
08:16:54,000 --> 08:16:55,000
so first let's talk about what a field
13187
08:16:55,280 --> 08:16:56,280
replaceable unit is and storage is a
13188
08:16:57,120 --> 08:16:58,120
field replaceable unit this means that
13189
08:16:59,120 --> 08:17:00,120
it's something that can be quickly
13190
08:17:00,318 --> 08:17:01,318
removed from the system so it can be
13191
08:17:03,040 --> 08:17:04,040
done at the customer location it doesn't
13192
08:17:04,958 --> 08:17:05,958
need to be sent away or taken away the
13193
08:17:06,878 --> 08:17:07,878
entire thing doesn't need to be
13194
08:17:08,240 --> 08:17:09,240
disassembled
13195
08:17:09,680 --> 08:17:10,680
so for example
13196
08:17:11,680 --> 08:17:12,680
hard drives and memory are field
13197
08:17:13,760 --> 08:17:14,760
replaceable units now the reason they're
13198
08:17:15,200 --> 08:17:16,200
under storage right here is just because
13199
08:17:16,798 --> 08:17:17,798
it's the first field replaceable unit
13200
08:17:18,160 --> 08:17:19,160
we've really come to if i wanted to
13201
08:17:20,478 --> 08:17:21,478
replace the display or the keyboard in a
13202
08:17:23,120 --> 08:17:24,120
laptop it's certainly something i could
13203
08:17:24,718 --> 08:17:25,718
do and you'll find google searches
13204
08:17:26,558 --> 08:17:27,558
online that explain how to do that
13205
08:17:28,478 --> 08:17:29,478
however it's not something that can be
13206
08:17:29,760 --> 08:17:30,760
done very easily
13207
08:17:31,600 --> 08:17:32,600
uh hard drives memory on the other hand
13208
08:17:34,958 --> 08:17:35,958
you unscrew a certain
13209
08:17:37,920 --> 08:17:38,920
the back of the laptop for instance and
13210
08:17:40,318 --> 08:17:41,318
then you
13211
08:17:41,760 --> 08:17:42,760
insert the new hard drive or memory or
13212
08:17:43,600 --> 08:17:44,600
take out the old hard drive memory it's
13213
08:17:45,120 --> 08:17:46,120
something you can do at the customer
13214
08:17:46,318 --> 08:17:47,318
location you don't need a lot of special
13215
08:17:47,840 --> 08:17:48,840
tools to do it
13216
08:17:50,558 --> 08:17:51,558
cpus and motherboards on the other hand
13217
08:17:52,478 --> 08:17:53,478
you would need to disassemble the entire
13218
08:17:54,318 --> 08:17:55,318
thing in order to make that work so they
13219
08:17:56,080 --> 08:17:57,080
are not field replaceable units again
13220
08:17:58,080 --> 08:17:59,080
there are a lot of different things that
13221
08:17:59,120 --> 08:18:00,120
are field replaceable units and we'll
13222
08:18:00,318 --> 08:18:01,318
see it also in printers there are
13223
08:18:01,680 --> 08:18:02,680
certain things that are field
13224
08:18:02,718 --> 08:18:03,718
replaceable units when we talk about
13225
08:18:04,160 --> 08:18:05,160
printers um
13226
08:18:05,760 --> 08:18:06,760
for instance toner
13227
08:18:07,680 --> 08:18:08,680
however
13228
08:18:09,200 --> 08:18:10,200
with computers hard drive storage
13229
08:18:11,680 --> 08:18:12,680
though that is a field replacement unit
13230
08:18:13,200 --> 08:18:14,200
it is something we can replace fairly
13231
08:18:14,558 --> 08:18:15,558
easily and fairly quickly
13232
08:18:19,040 --> 08:18:20,040
so let's talk about storage uh the
13233
08:18:21,520 --> 08:18:22,520
problem when we talk about laptops and
13234
08:18:23,200 --> 08:18:24,200
hard drives is that they're more prone
13235
08:18:25,040 --> 08:18:26,040
to failure
13236
08:18:26,478 --> 08:18:27,478
because they're handled more roughly uh
13237
08:18:28,558 --> 08:18:29,558
for instance when you're carrying your
13238
08:18:29,920 --> 08:18:30,920
laptop you might bump into someone uh
13239
08:18:32,160 --> 08:18:33,160
unfortunately you might drop it uh it
13240
08:18:34,878 --> 08:18:35,878
has to be
13241
08:18:36,080 --> 08:18:37,080
sort of
13242
08:18:37,200 --> 08:18:38,200
be able to put up with more wear and
13243
08:18:38,638 --> 08:18:39,638
tear
13244
08:18:39,760 --> 08:18:40,760
and as a result we need to make
13245
08:18:42,638 --> 08:18:43,638
sure that the storage isn't going to get
13246
08:18:45,280 --> 08:18:46,280
damaged your hard drive is not going to
13247
08:18:46,478 --> 08:18:47,478
get damaged while you're moving it back
13248
08:18:47,920 --> 08:18:48,920
and forth
13249
08:18:53,200 --> 08:18:54,200
so this is part of the reason why
13250
08:18:55,440 --> 08:18:56,440
one bullet point that should be here
13251
08:18:57,600 --> 08:18:58,600
a lot of hard drives now are going from
13252
08:18:59,760 --> 08:19:00,760
being
13253
08:19:00,638 --> 08:19:01,638
hdds to solid state drives
13254
08:19:08,718 --> 08:19:09,718
now if i want to access a hard drive
13255
08:19:10,638 --> 08:19:11,638
most commonly there's a panel on the
13256
08:19:12,318 --> 08:19:13,318
bottom of the computer on the laptop
13257
08:19:13,920 --> 08:19:14,920
computer so you turn the laptop over you
13258
08:19:16,080 --> 08:19:17,080
unscrew it and then you can usually get
13259
08:19:18,240 --> 08:19:19,240
access to your hard drive
13260
08:19:19,920 --> 08:19:20,920
on some
13261
08:19:21,440 --> 08:19:22,440
computers it might be underneath the
13262
08:19:23,200 --> 08:19:24,200
keyboard
13263
08:19:24,318 --> 08:19:25,318
usually not so much because that
13264
08:19:25,600 --> 08:19:26,600
requires a little more removal and
13265
08:19:27,200 --> 08:19:28,200
sometimes uh i remember i had a dell
13266
08:19:29,200 --> 08:19:30,200
laptop for instance that you would could
13267
08:19:30,718 --> 08:19:31,718
just pull
13268
08:19:32,240 --> 08:19:33,240
the hard drive off from the side so it's
13269
08:19:34,958 --> 08:19:35,958
important to just know that you can have
13270
08:19:36,558 --> 08:19:37,558
access to certain laptop components uh
13271
08:19:38,638 --> 08:19:39,638
pretty easily they're not going to test
13272
08:19:40,398 --> 08:19:41,398
you this on the on the um
13273
08:19:42,878 --> 08:19:43,878
exam per se but it's still important to
13274
08:19:45,360 --> 08:19:46,360
know in case you're ever on site
13275
08:19:48,840 --> 08:19:49,840
working now when we're talking about
13276
08:19:50,958 --> 08:19:51,958
sata versus peta in a hard drive now we
13277
08:19:54,478 --> 08:19:55,478
know that peda
13278
08:19:55,920 --> 08:19:56,920
which is also could be called
13279
08:19:58,558 --> 08:19:59,558
ide
13280
08:19:59,760 --> 08:20:00,760
right
13281
08:20:00,878 --> 08:20:01,878
and that's parallel versus serial
13282
08:20:03,120 --> 08:20:04,120
communication
13283
08:20:04,478 --> 08:20:05,478
we know that that's sort of the older
13284
08:20:07,520 --> 08:20:08,520
connection for hard drives and that sata
13285
08:20:09,360 --> 08:20:10,360
is sort of the new one
13286
08:20:10,798 --> 08:20:11,798
most newer laptop hard drives therefore
13287
08:20:12,878 --> 08:20:13,878
are going to use sata and when i'm using
13288
08:20:14,958 --> 08:20:15,958
hdds here i just want to make sure that
13289
08:20:17,200 --> 08:20:18,200
we know i'm not just talking about the
13290
08:20:18,478 --> 08:20:19,478
mechanical hard drives although that is
13291
08:20:20,080 --> 08:20:21,080
theoretically what this refers to i'm
13292
08:20:22,080 --> 08:20:23,080
also talking about uh solid-state drives
13293
08:20:24,558 --> 08:20:25,558
which are becoming more and more used in
13294
08:20:27,600 --> 08:20:28,600
uh
13295
08:20:28,318 --> 08:20:29,318
laptops because they are not susceptible
13296
08:20:31,040 --> 08:20:32,040
to being bumped around for instance
13297
08:20:36,398 --> 08:20:37,398
also many like i just said
13298
08:20:39,200 --> 08:20:40,200
of these are hdds that use sata okay
13299
08:20:43,280 --> 08:20:44,280
so just reinforcing that now one major
13300
08:20:45,520 --> 08:20:46,520
difference between hard drives in a
13301
08:20:48,638 --> 08:20:49,638
laptop versus a desktop is that in a
13302
08:20:51,520 --> 08:20:52,520
desktop they're three and a half inches
13303
08:20:53,520 --> 08:20:54,520
wide now we talked about that we looked
13304
08:20:55,040 --> 08:20:56,040
at the bays
13305
08:20:56,718 --> 08:20:57,718
on a laptop they're two and a half
13306
08:20:58,240 --> 08:20:59,240
inches wide which is much smaller and
13307
08:21:00,318 --> 08:21:01,318
the reason they're going to be smaller
13308
08:21:01,680 --> 08:21:02,680
is because we have less space
13309
08:21:04,000 --> 08:21:05,000
now of course that's going to
13310
08:21:06,000 --> 08:21:07,000
cause some issues for instance it's
13311
08:21:07,520 --> 08:21:08,520
going to cause more heat so we're going
13312
08:21:08,958 --> 08:21:09,958
to have to make sure we have fans and a
13313
08:21:10,798 --> 08:21:11,798
lot of things to cool down the space
13314
08:21:12,718 --> 08:21:13,718
pretty effectively
13315
08:21:16,558 --> 08:21:17,558
now this is a just really quickly i just
13316
08:21:19,120 --> 08:21:20,120
wanted to show you this it's not going
13317
08:21:20,240 --> 08:21:21,240
to come up on the on the exam per se but
13318
08:21:22,718 --> 08:21:23,718
this is a 44 pin to 40 pin ide adapter
13319
08:21:26,080 --> 08:21:27,080
and this might be uh necessary if you're
13320
08:21:29,280 --> 08:21:30,280
using a two and a half inch pay to drive
13321
08:21:32,160 --> 08:21:33,160
rather than a sata drive uh
13322
08:21:34,558 --> 08:21:35,558
what will happen is
13323
08:21:36,718 --> 08:21:37,718
the paid driver goes in here the two and
13324
08:21:38,878 --> 08:21:39,878
a half one and then when you plug it
13325
08:21:40,558 --> 08:21:41,558
into the system it uses
13326
08:21:44,798 --> 08:21:45,798
44 pins so it's just depending on the
13327
08:21:47,680 --> 08:21:48,680
the one you purchase you might need an
13328
08:21:49,120 --> 08:21:50,120
adapter sometimes these are actually
13329
08:21:50,478 --> 08:21:51,478
built already in to the laptop for
13330
08:21:52,958 --> 08:21:53,958
instance the motherboard accepts 44 pins
13331
08:21:54,878 --> 08:21:55,878
most hard drives use 40 pins so it's
13332
08:21:56,958 --> 08:21:57,958
just something to be aware of again i
13333
08:21:58,638 --> 08:21:59,638
don't think this will be on the exam but
13334
08:22:00,240 --> 08:22:01,240
i want to cover all of my bases
13335
08:22:04,878 --> 08:22:05,878
let's look at optical disks for a moment
13336
08:22:07,360 --> 08:22:08,360
a laptop dvd or cd drive failing is
13337
08:22:10,080 --> 08:22:11,080
fairly common uh it's happened almost
13338
08:22:12,798 --> 08:22:13,798
every laptop i boned it might have
13339
08:22:14,318 --> 08:22:15,318
happened to one of the ones you've owned
13340
08:22:15,600 --> 08:22:16,600
by the way i just want to point out
13341
08:22:16,718 --> 08:22:17,718
remember we were talking about moving
13342
08:22:17,760 --> 08:22:18,760
hard drives from the sides look at these
13343
08:22:20,160 --> 08:22:21,160
you can tell these just sort of pop in
13344
08:22:21,920 --> 08:22:22,920
there's nothing on the sides here that
13345
08:22:23,440 --> 08:22:24,440
has any
13346
08:22:24,878 --> 08:22:25,878
information that's relevant to
13347
08:22:27,120 --> 08:22:28,120
allowing this dvd player to work all of
13348
08:22:30,398 --> 08:22:31,398
this stuff is on the back
13349
08:22:32,080 --> 08:22:33,080
all right so this literally slides out
13350
08:22:33,920 --> 08:22:34,920
and slides right in
13351
08:22:35,600 --> 08:22:36,600
you can tell this is a dvd rom
13352
08:22:37,760 --> 08:22:38,760
not rewritable this one is rewritable
13353
08:22:40,160 --> 08:22:41,160
just a little review for you
13354
08:22:43,120 --> 08:22:44,120
as a result of them
13355
08:22:45,360 --> 08:22:46,360
failing so often they're actually pretty
13356
08:22:47,600 --> 08:22:48,600
easy to replace as i just pointed out
13357
08:22:50,240 --> 08:22:51,240
so usually they just slide into the slot
13358
08:22:52,318 --> 08:22:53,318
on the front or on the side of the
13359
08:22:53,520 --> 08:22:54,520
laptop now notice these are all tray
13360
08:22:55,280 --> 08:22:56,280
loading okay remember we talked about
13361
08:22:56,878 --> 08:22:57,878
tray versus slot loading a slot loading
13362
08:22:59,120 --> 08:23:00,120
drive you're probably not going to be
13363
08:23:00,718 --> 08:23:01,718
able to remove as easily so that's just
13364
08:23:02,478 --> 08:23:03,478
something to notice if your laptop has a
13365
08:23:04,398 --> 08:23:05,398
slot loading drive for instance a lot of
13366
08:23:06,478 --> 08:23:07,478
apple devices have those it's not going
13367
08:23:08,638 --> 08:23:09,638
to be as easy to replace you're
13368
08:23:10,160 --> 08:23:11,160
generally going to have to send those in
13369
08:23:15,120 --> 08:23:16,120
so here's that tray the tray pops out
13370
08:23:17,840 --> 08:23:18,840
you put the cd on it clips on sort of
13371
08:23:20,398 --> 08:23:21,398
through there and you put it in it's
13372
08:23:22,080 --> 08:23:23,080
good to go
13373
08:23:24,878 --> 08:23:25,878
a slot loading cd drive it just has a
13374
08:23:27,120 --> 08:23:28,120
slit
13375
08:23:28,558 --> 08:23:29,558
in the side of the computer if you
13376
08:23:29,920 --> 08:23:30,920
imagine that that's the side and you put
13377
08:23:31,760 --> 08:23:32,760
the cd
13378
08:23:33,040 --> 08:23:34,040
i'll make it just a little bit bigger
13379
08:23:35,120 --> 08:23:36,120
a little bigger slit and the slit you
13380
08:23:36,878 --> 08:23:37,878
just kind of slide the cd in it captures
13381
08:23:39,280 --> 08:23:40,280
it and starts to do it they have those
13382
08:23:40,958 --> 08:23:41,958
on desktop computers by the way as well
13383
08:23:43,280 --> 08:23:44,280
um it really depends on the manufacturer
13384
08:23:45,600 --> 08:23:46,600
and on aesthetics more than anything
13385
08:23:50,000 --> 08:23:51,000
okay
13386
08:23:50,878 --> 08:23:51,878
so we've talked about storage devices
13387
08:23:53,040 --> 08:23:54,040
including field replaceable units
13388
08:23:55,600 --> 08:23:56,600
which is what a storage device is right
13389
08:23:58,240 --> 08:23:59,240
something that can be replaced easily in
13390
08:24:00,160 --> 08:24:01,160
the field we talked about how you get
13391
08:24:02,478 --> 08:24:03,478
access to hard drives generally from the
13392
08:24:04,718 --> 08:24:05,718
bottom of the computer sometimes from
13393
08:24:06,240 --> 08:24:07,240
the side just like you will the optical
13394
08:24:07,840 --> 08:24:08,840
disks we looked at sata versus peda
13395
08:24:10,240 --> 08:24:11,240
specifically we talked about that 44 pin
13396
08:24:13,040 --> 08:24:14,040
to 40 pin adapter sometimes that's going
13397
08:24:15,920 --> 08:24:16,920
to be necessary for a pay to drive the
13398
08:24:18,160 --> 08:24:19,160
other important thing here is they are
13399
08:24:20,160 --> 08:24:21,160
two and a half inches
13400
08:24:22,638 --> 08:24:23,638
and a lot of these now are solid state
13401
08:24:25,520 --> 08:24:26,520
drives because those resist the
13402
08:24:29,280 --> 08:24:30,280
onslaught
13403
08:24:30,478 --> 08:24:31,478
that laptops generally have to go
13404
08:24:32,318 --> 08:24:33,318
through
13405
08:24:33,120 --> 08:24:34,120
finally we talked about optical disks uh
13406
08:24:35,440 --> 08:24:36,440
optical disks of course cds dvds
13407
08:24:37,680 --> 08:24:38,680
blu-rays and how those are generally
13408
08:24:39,440 --> 08:24:40,440
pretty easy to replace because they go
13409
08:24:41,280 --> 08:24:42,280
bad so often so now let's talk about
13410
08:24:43,440 --> 08:24:44,440
power
13411
08:24:45,760 --> 08:24:46,760
of course when we're talking about power
13412
08:24:46,958 --> 08:24:47,958
with laptops that automatically goes to
13413
08:24:48,958 --> 08:24:49,958
batteries
13414
08:24:50,240 --> 08:24:51,240
laptops are designed to run either on
13415
08:24:52,558 --> 08:24:53,558
battery power or wall power and if you
13416
08:24:54,638 --> 08:24:55,638
go into windows and you go to power
13417
08:24:56,478 --> 08:24:57,478
options you'll actually see that you
13418
08:24:58,000 --> 08:24:59,000
have many different options available to
13419
08:24:59,760 --> 08:25:00,760
you and we'll look at those a little bit
13420
08:25:01,280 --> 08:25:02,280
later
13421
08:25:03,760 --> 08:25:04,760
generally speaking you have about
13422
08:25:05,520 --> 08:25:06,520
between two to five hours on a battery
13423
08:25:08,000 --> 08:25:09,000
some nowadays are getting to like 10
13424
08:25:09,840 --> 08:25:10,840
hours or they claim 10 hours
13425
08:25:11,760 --> 08:25:12,760
really depends on what you're doing if
13426
08:25:13,120 --> 08:25:14,120
you're watching a movie that's going to
13427
08:25:14,718 --> 08:25:15,718
take up a little more energy if you're
13428
08:25:16,240 --> 08:25:17,240
typing a document that's not going to
13429
08:25:17,520 --> 08:25:18,520
take a lot if you're not
13430
08:25:19,920 --> 08:25:20,920
running your wi-fi and you're not doing
13431
08:25:22,318 --> 08:25:23,318
a lot of extra stuff that that's really
13432
08:25:23,840 --> 08:25:24,840
going to help you out
13433
08:25:25,760 --> 08:25:26,760
now the ac adapter plugs into the ac app
13434
08:25:28,160 --> 08:25:29,160
outlet as we talked about and then
13435
08:25:30,718 --> 08:25:31,718
so if we have the outlet
13436
08:25:32,878 --> 08:25:33,878
goes to a big box the transistor
13437
08:25:35,600 --> 08:25:36,600
inverter all this stuff and then that
13438
08:25:37,120 --> 08:25:38,120
plugs into the laptop again this is the
13439
08:25:39,680 --> 08:25:40,680
ac power and this is the dc power and
13440
08:25:42,478 --> 08:25:43,478
the reason we have all this is now that
13441
08:25:44,558 --> 08:25:45,558
power supply is taken outside of the
13442
08:25:46,558 --> 08:25:47,558
laptop and allows us more space and less
13443
08:25:49,360 --> 08:25:50,360
weight
13444
08:25:50,878 --> 08:25:51,878
so the majority of the power supplies i
13445
08:25:52,798 --> 08:25:53,798
just mentioned is outside of the laptop
13446
08:25:55,200 --> 08:25:56,200
that's what makes it so mobile that's
13447
08:25:56,718 --> 08:25:57,718
one of the keys to actually making the
13448
08:25:58,558 --> 08:25:59,558
laptops mobile
13449
08:26:01,520 --> 08:26:02,520
now when we talk about batteries the
13450
08:26:03,600 --> 08:26:04,600
most common is the lithium ion sometimes
13451
08:26:06,558 --> 08:26:07,558
i like to refer it as the lion of course
13452
08:26:08,638 --> 08:26:09,638
uh it's not lion it's lithium ion and
13453
08:26:11,120 --> 08:26:12,120
the re the benefit to lithium ion
13454
08:26:13,520 --> 08:26:14,520
batteries nowadays and the reason it's
13455
08:26:14,958 --> 08:26:15,958
the most common is that there's no
13456
08:26:16,718 --> 08:26:17,718
memory effect on these batteries if you
13457
08:26:19,040 --> 08:26:20,040
recall what used to happen is you plug
13458
08:26:20,798 --> 08:26:21,798
up your computer or your cell phone or
13459
08:26:24,558 --> 08:26:25,558
perhaps if you remember cordless phones
13460
08:26:26,558 --> 08:26:27,558
and what would happen is after a while
13461
08:26:28,798 --> 08:26:29,798
let's say
13462
08:26:30,958 --> 08:26:31,958
let's say this represents the battery
13463
08:26:32,638 --> 08:26:33,638
charge
13464
08:26:33,600 --> 08:26:34,600
and i
13465
08:26:34,840 --> 08:26:35,840
continually
13466
08:26:36,478 --> 08:26:37,478
charge it at about
13467
08:26:38,398 --> 08:26:39,398
70 percent but what's going to happen is
13468
08:26:40,398 --> 08:26:41,398
that after a while the battery thinks
13469
08:26:42,798 --> 08:26:43,798
this is 100 percent and so it never even
13470
08:26:46,000 --> 08:26:47,000
tries to charge this white space it just
13471
08:26:48,000 --> 08:26:49,000
charges right up to here of course the
13472
08:26:50,638 --> 08:26:51,638
problem is i've just lost
13473
08:26:52,958 --> 08:26:53,958
a good deal
13474
08:26:54,318 --> 08:26:55,318
of my
13475
08:26:56,080 --> 08:26:57,080
possible power
13476
08:27:00,318 --> 08:27:01,318
the other benefit to lithium ion
13477
08:27:02,878 --> 08:27:03,878
batteries is that they don't have a lot
13478
08:27:04,638 --> 08:27:05,638
of discharge when they're not used some
13479
08:27:06,798 --> 08:27:07,798
batteries if you don't use them for a
13480
08:27:08,000 --> 08:27:09,000
while they start to lose power lithium
13481
08:27:09,760 --> 08:27:10,760
ions pretty much retain the power for a
13482
08:27:11,360 --> 08:27:12,360
good amount of time which is wonderful
13483
08:27:13,360 --> 08:27:14,360
by the way i just want to mention with
13484
08:27:14,638 --> 08:27:15,638
the memory effect here this is why it's
13485
08:27:16,878 --> 08:27:17,878
important to completely cycle out the
13486
08:27:19,280 --> 08:27:20,280
battery so let your laptop or your cell
13487
08:27:21,440 --> 08:27:22,440
phone or whatever it is drain the
13488
08:27:23,360 --> 08:27:24,360
battery completely before you begin to
13489
08:27:26,398 --> 08:27:27,398
charge it this is very difficult most of
13490
08:27:28,000 --> 08:27:29,000
us don't do that but
13491
08:27:29,840 --> 08:27:30,840
if you don't do that you're actually
13492
08:27:31,440 --> 08:27:32,440
limiting the life of your battery
13493
08:27:34,160 --> 08:27:35,160
all batteries of course because they
13494
08:27:35,520 --> 08:27:36,520
have chemicals in them and electronics
13495
08:27:37,280 --> 08:27:38,280
need to be kept at a certain uh
13496
08:27:40,398 --> 08:27:41,398
heat
13497
08:27:41,680 --> 08:27:42,680
cool i would they say they should be
13498
08:27:43,280 --> 08:27:44,280
kept between 50 and 95 degrees
13499
08:27:45,120 --> 08:27:46,120
fahrenheit i would actually say
13500
08:27:48,240 --> 08:27:49,240
95 is probably a little too much i would
13501
08:27:50,160 --> 08:27:51,160
say 50 to
13502
08:27:51,680 --> 08:27:52,680
70 degrees fahrenheit is probably better
13503
08:27:53,840 --> 08:27:54,840
95 they're rated too
13504
08:27:56,080 --> 08:27:57,080
okay now nickel metal hydride and nickel
13505
08:27:58,638 --> 08:27:59,638
cadmium these are the other batteries we
13506
08:28:00,478 --> 08:28:01,478
used to see a lot of we don't see a lot
13507
08:28:02,240 --> 08:28:03,240
of them anymore because specifically
13508
08:28:04,240 --> 08:28:05,240
they have that battery effect meaning uh
13509
08:28:07,200 --> 08:28:08,200
just like i said if you charge it to 50
13510
08:28:09,440 --> 08:28:10,440
10 times then eventually it starts to
13511
08:28:11,200 --> 08:28:12,200
think 50 is 100 and you just lost a good
13512
08:28:14,240 --> 08:28:15,240
deal of the um
13513
08:28:16,798 --> 08:28:17,798
possible charge you could have had
13514
08:28:19,040 --> 08:28:20,040
okay you will see questions on the test
13515
08:28:21,200 --> 08:28:22,200
that asks you which are the most common
13516
08:28:24,080 --> 08:28:25,080
and just remember it's the l lithium ion
13517
08:28:29,600 --> 08:28:30,600
finally these nickel metal hydrides and
13518
08:28:31,440 --> 08:28:32,440
nickel cadmium unlike the lithium ion
13519
08:28:34,718 --> 08:28:35,718
will discharge power when they're not
13520
08:28:36,718 --> 08:28:37,718
used okay so if you don't use it enough
13521
08:28:39,360 --> 08:28:40,360
it's going to go away
13522
08:28:43,200 --> 08:28:44,200
now we're troubleshooting laptop power
13523
08:28:45,600 --> 08:28:46,600
uh if the laptop's not getting power at
13524
08:28:48,000 --> 08:28:49,000
all there's a couple things we want to
13525
08:28:49,280 --> 08:28:50,280
check first of all check your
13526
08:28:50,638 --> 08:28:51,638
connections are we connected into the
13527
08:28:52,398 --> 08:28:53,398
wall is the wall connected to the uh the
13528
08:28:55,920 --> 08:28:56,920
transistor plug the outside power supply
13529
08:28:58,240 --> 08:28:59,240
and is that plugged into the computer
13530
08:28:59,600 --> 08:29:00,600
properly
13531
08:29:00,558 --> 08:29:01,558
you also want to check the laptop and ac
13532
08:29:02,958 --> 08:29:03,958
adapter leds so generally a little light
13533
08:29:05,520 --> 08:29:06,520
some place on the laptop that tells you
13534
08:29:07,040 --> 08:29:08,040
if it's getting a charge if that's not
13535
08:29:08,638 --> 08:29:09,638
lighting up then it's likely power is
13536
08:29:11,040 --> 08:29:12,040
not reaching the computer okay
13537
08:29:14,718 --> 08:29:15,718
if the charges and as soon as this
13538
08:29:16,160 --> 08:29:17,160
happens you can hold the cord and it'll
13539
08:29:17,840 --> 08:29:18,840
begin to charge but when you let it go
13540
08:29:19,280 --> 08:29:20,280
it stops charging that generally means
13541
08:29:21,280 --> 08:29:22,280
something's wrong with the dc jack or
13542
08:29:23,440 --> 08:29:24,440
the on the computer or the jack on the
13543
08:29:25,760 --> 08:29:26,760
power supply and generally it means it
13544
08:29:27,280 --> 08:29:28,280
needs to be replaced hopefully your the
13545
08:29:29,920 --> 08:29:30,920
power supply needs to be replaced excuse
13546
08:29:31,600 --> 08:29:32,600
me the cord and not actually the entire
13547
08:29:34,638 --> 08:29:35,638
laptop
13548
08:29:36,558 --> 08:29:37,558
you can also inspect this uh soldered
13549
08:29:38,958 --> 08:29:39,958
connections and cables uh to make sure
13550
08:29:41,520 --> 08:29:42,520
nothing's been frayed your cat hasn't
13551
08:29:43,120 --> 08:29:44,120
been chewing on it
13552
08:29:44,878 --> 08:29:45,878
and of course this is the most important
13553
08:29:46,958 --> 08:29:47,958
one
13554
08:29:48,160 --> 08:29:49,160
it has to be the right power adapter a
13555
08:29:50,000 --> 08:29:51,000
lot of people think oh i can just use um
13556
08:29:52,958 --> 08:29:53,958
the power adapter for my other computer
13557
08:29:54,638 --> 08:29:55,638
these are actually rated at specific
13558
08:29:56,240 --> 08:29:57,240
voltages and if you
13559
08:29:58,478 --> 08:29:59,478
use a different
13560
08:30:00,958 --> 08:30:01,958
um
13561
08:30:02,000 --> 08:30:03,000
if you use a different power supply
13562
08:30:04,160 --> 08:30:05,160
uh with a laptop that needs a higher or
13563
08:30:06,558 --> 08:30:07,558
lower voltage you could end up frying
13564
08:30:08,160 --> 08:30:09,160
the laptop or not providing the battery
13565
08:30:10,240 --> 08:30:11,240
enough charge and therefore you'll begin
13566
08:30:12,240 --> 08:30:13,240
ruining the battery
13567
08:30:15,680 --> 08:30:16,680
okay you can't swap them between laptops
13568
08:30:19,120 --> 08:30:20,120
as i said they work only at specific
13569
08:30:21,280 --> 08:30:22,280
fixed voltages
13570
08:30:25,520 --> 08:30:26,520
you can also check the battery this is
13571
08:30:26,958 --> 08:30:27,958
something else too important one thing
13572
08:30:28,558 --> 08:30:29,558
you might want to try is take the
13573
08:30:29,920 --> 08:30:30,920
battery out completely and plug the
13574
08:30:32,840 --> 08:30:33,840
uh plug the power cord in if the power
13575
08:30:36,798 --> 08:30:37,798
cord works when the battery's not in
13576
08:30:38,240 --> 08:30:39,240
then that's a clear indication
13577
08:30:39,600 --> 08:30:40,600
something's wrong with the battery if it
13578
08:30:41,440 --> 08:30:42,440
works when plugged in but not when the
13579
08:30:42,958 --> 08:30:43,958
battery's in or if it works when plugged
13580
08:30:45,200 --> 08:30:46,200
in but not when it's not plugged in then
13581
08:30:47,280 --> 08:30:48,280
you know the battery is probably bad
13582
08:30:50,240 --> 08:30:51,240
one thing that sometimes happens is you
13583
08:30:51,840 --> 08:30:52,840
remove the battery somewhat you used to
13584
08:30:53,200 --> 08:30:54,200
be able to remove batteries it's a
13585
08:30:54,160 --> 08:30:55,160
little more difficult to do that now uh
13586
08:30:56,080 --> 08:30:57,080
generally because you have to remove the
13587
08:30:57,440 --> 08:30:58,440
the casing outside of the laptop but if
13588
08:31:00,160 --> 08:31:01,160
the battery has been removed and it's
13589
08:31:01,920 --> 08:31:02,920
not fully inserted you want to check to
13590
08:31:03,520 --> 08:31:04,520
make sure it's locked in it has like a
13591
08:31:04,958 --> 08:31:05,958
little click
13592
08:31:06,478 --> 08:31:07,478
and that'll kind of ensure that it is
13593
08:31:08,638 --> 08:31:09,638
good to go
13594
08:31:09,920 --> 08:31:10,920
the other thing to keep in mind is
13595
08:31:11,360 --> 08:31:12,360
batteries are finite they have to be
13596
08:31:13,280 --> 08:31:14,280
replaced at some point they only have so
13597
08:31:14,958 --> 08:31:15,958
many cycles on them now a lot of devices
13598
08:31:17,600 --> 08:31:18,600
that you can't replace the battery on
13599
08:31:19,040 --> 08:31:20,040
say iphones um smartphones anything like
13600
08:31:21,760 --> 08:31:22,760
that
13601
08:31:23,200 --> 08:31:24,200
they sort of anticipate this is going to
13602
08:31:25,120 --> 08:31:26,120
happen
13603
08:31:26,718 --> 08:31:27,718
and so uh
13604
08:31:28,160 --> 08:31:29,160
you know they expect you to buy a new
13605
08:31:29,440 --> 08:31:30,440
one in two three years they figure you
13606
08:31:31,280 --> 08:31:32,280
don't need to replace the battery it's
13607
08:31:32,398 --> 08:31:33,398
gonna go bad at some point uh with
13608
08:31:34,478 --> 08:31:35,478
laptops you're probably gonna use them a
13609
08:31:36,000 --> 08:31:37,000
little longer if you're trying to get a
13610
08:31:37,360 --> 08:31:38,360
lot out of it and and you know then
13611
08:31:39,760 --> 08:31:40,760
you're really going to probably need to
13612
08:31:41,520 --> 08:31:42,520
buy a brand new battery or if it's under
13613
08:31:43,440 --> 08:31:44,440
warranty tell them you need a new
13614
08:31:44,878 --> 08:31:45,878
battery
13615
08:31:47,040 --> 08:31:48,040
i just want to point out some stuff
13616
08:31:48,318 --> 08:31:49,318
about fans this is an internal fan right
13617
08:31:50,638 --> 08:31:51,638
here
13618
08:31:52,478 --> 08:31:53,478
okay you can see it's probably right
13619
08:31:54,398 --> 08:31:55,398
over the cpu fans are important because
13620
08:31:56,718 --> 08:31:57,718
you have so much heat going on these
13621
08:31:58,318 --> 08:31:59,318
laptops you need to exhaust that hot air
13622
08:32:00,638 --> 08:32:01,638
and so this is why it's important not to
13623
08:32:02,398 --> 08:32:03,398
run your laptop while it's sitting on
13624
08:32:05,040 --> 08:32:06,040
let's say a soft cushion or soft blanket
13625
08:32:07,520 --> 08:32:08,520
you want to put it on a hard surface
13626
08:32:09,280 --> 08:32:10,280
that's going to allow the air to get out
13627
08:32:11,120 --> 08:32:12,120
of the system
13628
08:32:13,360 --> 08:32:14,360
fans are generally on the side on the
13629
08:32:15,520 --> 08:32:16,520
back of the laptop and on the bottom
13630
08:32:17,120 --> 08:32:18,120
generally not on the top because that's
13631
08:32:18,558 --> 08:32:19,558
where your hands are and not on the
13632
08:32:21,440 --> 08:32:22,440
display because that would just be weird
13633
08:32:24,718 --> 08:32:25,718
they can get clogged very easily and so
13634
08:32:26,958 --> 08:32:27,958
one thing that you uh will hear when
13635
08:32:28,798 --> 08:32:29,798
they start to get clogged is clicking
13636
08:32:30,240 --> 08:32:31,240
sound they get clogged with dust the
13637
08:32:32,080 --> 08:32:33,080
fans do and so what you want to do is uh
13638
08:32:34,958 --> 08:32:35,958
go in and just gently sort of remove
13639
08:32:36,718 --> 08:32:37,718
that dust generally with some compressed
13640
08:32:38,558 --> 08:32:39,558
air
13641
08:32:39,360 --> 08:32:40,360
that is
13642
08:32:40,478 --> 08:32:41,478
um
13643
08:32:41,760 --> 08:32:42,760
especially rated so it doesn't have
13644
08:32:44,398 --> 08:32:45,398
uh any electrostatic discharge you might
13645
08:32:47,600 --> 08:32:48,600
also hear high pitched noises which also
13646
08:32:49,440 --> 08:32:50,440
could mean that dust is getting in some
13647
08:32:50,958 --> 08:32:51,958
of the machinations of the fan itself
13648
08:32:56,240 --> 08:32:57,240
when you're troubleshooting fans and by
13649
08:32:58,318 --> 08:32:59,318
the way this is what's called a laptop
13650
08:32:59,760 --> 08:33:00,760
cooling pad you can put a laptop on it
13651
08:33:02,160 --> 08:33:03,160
and it actually blows air out the bottom
13652
08:33:05,360 --> 08:33:06,360
so this helps to cool laptops even
13653
08:33:07,520 --> 08:33:08,520
further this is usually not built on to
13654
08:33:10,080 --> 08:33:11,080
a laptop
13655
08:33:11,520 --> 08:33:12,520
if it gets clogged like i mentioned you
13656
08:33:13,120 --> 08:33:14,120
can blow compressed air through the fan
13657
08:33:14,878 --> 08:33:15,878
slot out of the computer not in so this
13658
08:33:16,798 --> 08:33:17,798
generally means having to open it up and
13659
08:33:18,398 --> 08:33:19,398
blow out it's important to do that
13660
08:33:20,318 --> 08:33:21,318
because you blow the you blow the dust
13661
08:33:22,000 --> 08:33:23,000
in you might just hurt another component
13662
08:33:24,398 --> 08:33:25,398
you can also use a light to see if
13663
08:33:25,760 --> 08:33:26,760
something's obstructing the fan
13664
08:33:26,958 --> 08:33:27,958
sometimes the air blows something and
13665
08:33:28,638 --> 08:33:29,638
you get a nice big piece of dust sort of
13666
08:33:30,878 --> 08:33:31,878
gets stuck in there a piece of dirt for
13667
08:33:33,120 --> 08:33:34,120
instance as well so it's important to
13668
08:33:35,600 --> 08:33:36,600
take a look your eyes are probably a
13669
08:33:37,440 --> 08:33:38,440
better indication of fan problems than
13670
08:33:39,200 --> 08:33:40,200
anything uh that the computers can be
13671
08:33:40,958 --> 08:33:41,958
able to run on its own
13672
08:33:42,558 --> 08:33:43,558
in the worst case scenario you replace
13673
08:33:44,160 --> 08:33:45,160
the fan
13674
08:33:45,200 --> 08:33:46,200
sometimes this is just isn't possible
13675
08:33:46,798 --> 08:33:47,798
though
13676
08:33:47,840 --> 08:33:48,840
so you might have to take it in or worse
13677
08:33:50,398 --> 08:33:51,398
come source even buy a new computer
13678
08:33:54,160 --> 08:33:55,160
so we've talked about power
13679
08:33:56,398 --> 08:33:57,398
laptop batteries specifically the
13680
08:33:58,000 --> 08:33:59,000
lithium ion battery which is the
13681
08:33:59,440 --> 08:34:00,440
important one you want to remember we
13682
08:34:01,200 --> 08:34:02,200
talked about troubleshooting power and
13683
08:34:03,360 --> 08:34:04,360
fans let's now just go over this real
13684
08:34:05,360 --> 08:34:06,360
quickly we talked about storage in a
13685
08:34:07,520 --> 08:34:08,520
very general sense we looked at fru's
13686
08:34:09,520 --> 08:34:10,520
which stand for field
13687
08:34:12,878 --> 08:34:13,878
replaceable
13688
08:34:15,360 --> 08:34:16,360
units this is any unit which is easily
13689
08:34:17,360 --> 08:34:18,360
replaceable
13690
08:34:18,558 --> 08:34:19,558
in the field all right so this would
13691
08:34:20,558 --> 08:34:21,558
include storage which is why it's here
13692
08:34:22,718 --> 08:34:23,718
or for instance memory
13693
08:34:24,558 --> 08:34:25,558
something that's not field replaceable
13694
08:34:26,160 --> 08:34:27,160
unit the cpu or especially the
13695
08:34:28,798 --> 08:34:29,798
motherboard you'd have to remove the
13696
08:34:30,718 --> 08:34:31,718
entire thing not very easy
13697
08:34:33,120 --> 08:34:34,120
and you can't carry it around with you
13698
08:34:35,040 --> 08:34:36,040
into the field
13699
08:34:37,760 --> 08:34:38,760
hd access generally you're going to get
13700
08:34:39,280 --> 08:34:40,280
access to your hard disk drive by going
13701
08:34:41,920 --> 08:34:42,920
up the bottom of the computer sometimes
13702
08:34:43,440 --> 08:34:44,440
from the side just remember as well
13703
08:34:45,520 --> 08:34:46,520
we're having a lot of solid state drives
13704
08:34:47,600 --> 08:34:48,600
in laptops nowadays as well
13705
08:34:49,920 --> 08:34:50,920
uh we're also using a lot more sata than
13706
08:34:51,920 --> 08:34:52,920
peda if you're using a sata forget in
13707
08:34:54,638 --> 08:34:55,638
both cases it's gonna be two and a half
13708
08:34:56,240 --> 08:34:57,240
inches but you might also have a 40 pin
13709
08:34:59,120 --> 08:35:00,120
to 44 pin
13710
08:35:02,160 --> 08:35:03,160
adapter
13711
08:35:03,840 --> 08:35:04,840
finally we're talking about optical
13712
08:35:04,958 --> 08:35:05,958
discs these generally go in the side and
13713
08:35:07,280 --> 08:35:08,280
they're easy to replace again they are a
13714
08:35:09,600 --> 08:35:10,600
field replaceable unit because
13715
08:35:12,478 --> 08:35:13,478
they break down so much we talked about
13716
08:35:14,958 --> 08:35:15,958
power specifically we looked at
13717
08:35:17,040 --> 08:35:18,040
batteries remember laptop batteries uh
13718
08:35:20,558 --> 08:35:21,558
will run the laptop generally from
13719
08:35:22,160 --> 08:35:23,160
anywhere to two to ten hours depending
13720
08:35:23,920 --> 08:35:24,920
on what you're doing the most common is
13721
08:35:26,240 --> 08:35:27,240
the lithium ion which is sometimes
13722
08:35:28,798 --> 08:35:29,798
written like this sometimes this extra
13723
08:35:30,398 --> 08:35:31,398
eye is dropped either way it's a lithium
13724
08:35:32,718 --> 08:35:33,718
ion battery it's different from the
13725
08:35:34,080 --> 08:35:35,080
nickel uh cadmium or nickel metal
13726
08:35:36,558 --> 08:35:37,558
hydride battery just remember that the
13727
08:35:38,878 --> 08:35:39,878
other important thing to know with power
13728
08:35:40,478 --> 08:35:41,478
is you never never never want to allow a
13729
08:35:43,040 --> 08:35:44,040
different uh power cord
13730
08:35:45,760 --> 08:35:46,760
to be plugged in
13731
08:35:48,240 --> 08:35:49,240
to a laptop okay
13732
08:35:51,120 --> 08:35:52,120
use the power cord that's built
13733
08:35:52,318 --> 08:35:53,318
specifically for the laptop
13734
08:35:53,920 --> 08:35:54,920
troubleshooting them that could be a
13735
08:35:55,360 --> 08:35:56,360
main issue you also want to make sure
13736
08:35:56,478 --> 08:35:57,478
it's locked in and again batteries are
13737
08:35:58,318 --> 08:35:59,318
finite at some point they're not going
13738
08:35:59,600 --> 08:36:00,600
to work anymore
13739
08:36:01,920 --> 08:36:02,920
finally the fans you're exhausting a lot
13740
08:36:04,318 --> 08:36:05,318
of heat out of a very compressed space
13741
08:36:06,240 --> 08:36:07,240
you can have a lot of dust it's
13742
08:36:07,600 --> 08:36:08,600
important therefore to get as much uh
13743
08:36:11,680 --> 08:36:12,680
clean these as much as possible blow
13744
08:36:13,520 --> 08:36:14,520
compressed air
13745
08:36:14,798 --> 08:36:15,798
out
13746
08:36:16,240 --> 08:36:17,240
okay
13747
08:36:17,360 --> 08:36:18,360
so you're gonna blow compressed air out
13748
08:36:19,280 --> 08:36:20,280
of the device uh so you're not uh making
13749
08:36:21,680 --> 08:36:22,680
it more dirty and worse comes towards
13750
08:36:23,120 --> 08:36:24,120
you might have to replace the fan or
13751
08:36:24,638 --> 08:36:25,638
even the unit
13752
08:36:26,000 --> 08:36:27,000
all right so now we've talked about
13753
08:36:27,280 --> 08:36:28,280
storage and power let's keep talking
13754
08:36:29,200 --> 08:36:30,200
about some more laptop intricacies
13755
08:36:36,920 --> 08:36:37,920
[Music]
13756
08:36:57,600 --> 08:36:58,600
laptops expansion devices and
13757
08:37:00,478 --> 08:37:01,478
communication
13758
08:37:02,638 --> 08:37:03,638
so we have these great small devices
13759
08:37:04,718 --> 08:37:05,718
that have a lot of the same
13760
08:37:05,760 --> 08:37:06,760
functionality as
13761
08:37:07,760 --> 08:37:08,760
large computers
13762
08:37:09,200 --> 08:37:10,200
but we also want to make sure that we
13763
08:37:10,958 --> 08:37:11,958
can expand them to meet our needs in the
13764
08:37:12,638 --> 08:37:13,638
future
13765
08:37:13,600 --> 08:37:14,600
just like we can with desktop computers
13766
08:37:15,920 --> 08:37:16,920
and that we're not limited to just
13767
08:37:17,520 --> 08:37:18,520
working on our computer we want to make
13768
08:37:18,878 --> 08:37:19,878
sure we can access the internet and talk
13769
08:37:20,478 --> 08:37:21,478
to other computers so i want to talk
13770
08:37:22,638 --> 08:37:23,638
about uh expansion devices as they
13771
08:37:24,878 --> 08:37:25,878
pertain to laptops specifically
13772
08:37:27,440 --> 08:37:28,440
not just usb and firewire which are also
13773
08:37:29,920 --> 08:37:30,920
expansion devices and then communication
13774
08:37:32,318 --> 08:37:33,318
and some of the communication devices
13775
08:37:34,398 --> 08:37:35,398
that are specifically in laptops
13776
08:37:38,318 --> 08:37:39,318
as well as on other desktop computers so
13777
08:37:40,718 --> 08:37:41,718
first we're going to talk about
13778
08:37:41,520 --> 08:37:42,520
expansion devices and there are a couple
13779
08:37:44,160 --> 08:37:45,160
external expansion devices meaning they
13780
08:37:45,920 --> 08:37:46,920
can be added without opening the
13781
08:37:47,520 --> 08:37:48,520
computer
13782
08:37:48,798 --> 08:37:49,798
those are pc cards otherwise known as
13783
08:37:51,318 --> 08:37:52,318
pcmcia cards
13784
08:37:53,760 --> 08:37:54,760
we'll talk about those a bit older but
13785
08:37:55,520 --> 08:37:56,520
there's still some information on the
13786
08:37:57,040 --> 08:37:58,040
exam about them that might be useful for
13787
08:37:58,878 --> 08:37:59,878
you to have
13788
08:38:00,478 --> 08:38:01,478
we'll also talk about card bus cards
13789
08:38:02,478 --> 08:38:03,478
which most people confuse with pc cards
13790
08:38:04,798 --> 08:38:05,798
because they basically replaced pc cards
13791
08:38:06,718 --> 08:38:07,718
and functionality they look exactly the
13792
08:38:08,318 --> 08:38:09,318
same and use the same form factor
13793
08:38:10,558 --> 08:38:11,558
and express cards which are a completely
13794
08:38:13,120 --> 08:38:14,120
different form altogether
13795
08:38:15,200 --> 08:38:16,200
then we'll talk about internal expansion
13796
08:38:17,840 --> 08:38:18,840
devices meaning that we need to open the
13797
08:38:19,680 --> 08:38:20,680
laptop up and these are mini pci and
13798
08:38:22,558 --> 08:38:23,558
mini pci express just like on the
13799
08:38:24,638 --> 08:38:25,638
desktop we added this
13800
08:38:26,558 --> 08:38:27,558
express device that added some more
13801
08:38:28,878 --> 08:38:29,878
oomph to the
13802
08:38:30,878 --> 08:38:31,878
device itself
13803
08:38:32,318 --> 08:38:33,318
finally we'll talk about docking
13804
08:38:33,920 --> 08:38:34,920
stations which uh not only allowed us to
13805
08:38:36,638 --> 08:38:37,638
expand the functionality of a computer
13806
08:38:38,878 --> 08:38:39,878
but also make it easier for us to use
13807
08:38:40,638 --> 08:38:41,638
our computer as though it were a desktop
13808
08:38:42,840 --> 08:38:43,840
computer next we'll talk about
13809
08:38:44,718 --> 08:38:45,718
communications we'll talk about the most
13810
08:38:46,398 --> 08:38:47,398
basic form of communication ethernet
13811
08:38:48,318 --> 08:38:49,318
which just about every laptop has
13812
08:38:50,240 --> 08:38:51,240
nowadays
13813
08:38:51,360 --> 08:38:52,360
and when we're talking about ethernet
13814
08:38:52,798 --> 08:38:53,798
that is a a lot of people confuse
13815
08:38:54,958 --> 08:38:55,958
ethernet being the wired cord versus the
13816
08:38:57,360 --> 08:38:58,360
wi-fi
13817
08:38:58,478 --> 08:38:59,478
ethernet is actually the
13818
08:39:03,040 --> 08:39:04,040
the technology behind how the network is
13819
08:39:06,718 --> 08:39:07,718
communicating so we're going to look not
13820
08:39:08,878 --> 08:39:09,878
only at
13821
08:39:10,478 --> 08:39:11,478
ethernet wired but also
13822
08:39:12,558 --> 08:39:13,558
uh ethernet from a wi-fi standpoint okay
13823
08:39:17,280 --> 08:39:18,280
we'll then look at bluetooth
13824
08:39:19,920 --> 08:39:20,920
which is of course a newer technology
13825
08:39:22,160 --> 08:39:23,160
and not so new i guess it's been around
13826
08:39:23,600 --> 08:39:24,600
for a while now but its uses are
13827
08:39:25,600 --> 08:39:26,600
becoming more and more ubiquitous
13828
08:39:28,798 --> 08:39:29,798
we'll look at infrared or infrared used
13829
08:39:30,718 --> 08:39:31,718
to be used a lot more the kind that
13830
08:39:32,318 --> 08:39:33,318
you're seeing with your remote control
13831
08:39:35,360 --> 08:39:36,360
cellular wan
13832
08:39:37,040 --> 08:39:38,040
which of course is becoming bigger and
13833
08:39:38,718 --> 08:39:39,718
bigger now with smartphones and not only
13834
08:39:41,680 --> 08:39:42,680
that but with verizon 18t all these big
13835
08:39:44,878 --> 08:39:45,878
companies starting to port over to not
13836
08:39:47,280 --> 08:39:48,280
just doing selling you minutes and text
13837
08:39:49,120 --> 08:39:50,120
messages but selling you data as well
13838
08:39:52,000 --> 08:39:53,000
finally we'll look at the oldest
13839
08:39:54,000 --> 08:39:55,000
communication device that used to be on
13840
08:39:56,080 --> 08:39:57,080
desktop computers and on laptops the
13841
08:39:58,000 --> 08:39:59,000
modem which used to allow you to dial in
13842
08:40:00,240 --> 08:40:01,240
of course we don't see that much anymore
13843
08:40:01,840 --> 08:40:02,840
except on the a plus exam
13844
08:40:05,440 --> 08:40:06,440
all right so let's start by talking
13845
08:40:06,878 --> 08:40:07,878
about the pc card otherwise known as the
13846
08:40:09,398 --> 08:40:10,398
pcmcia card um
13847
08:40:12,000 --> 08:40:13,000
in addition to the other expansion
13848
08:40:13,840 --> 08:40:14,840
devices so the most common types is i've
13849
08:40:15,760 --> 08:40:16,760
already mentioned the pca pc card
13850
08:40:18,558 --> 08:40:19,558
card bus which looks exactly like the
13851
08:40:20,160 --> 08:40:21,160
pcmcia card and the express card now
13852
08:40:23,280 --> 08:40:24,280
there are a couple things that join all
13853
08:40:25,120 --> 08:40:26,120
of these devices
13854
08:40:26,638 --> 08:40:27,638
first of all they are hot swappable what
13855
08:40:28,958 --> 08:40:29,958
i mean by hot swappable is you can
13856
08:40:31,520 --> 08:40:32,520
remove
13857
08:40:33,680 --> 08:40:34,680
or install the device
13858
08:40:37,360 --> 08:40:38,360
without powering off okay
13859
08:40:42,318 --> 08:40:43,318
so if i wanted to add something
13860
08:40:43,680 --> 08:40:44,680
internally to my computer say my desktop
13861
08:40:46,080 --> 08:40:47,080
i need to turn it off unplug it make
13862
08:40:47,840 --> 08:40:48,840
sure i'm not going to do anything to
13863
08:40:49,280 --> 08:40:50,280
hurt the esd
13864
08:40:50,878 --> 08:40:51,878
however with
13865
08:40:52,478 --> 08:40:53,478
these devices external these external
13866
08:40:54,638 --> 08:40:55,638
expansion devices we're talking about pc
13867
08:40:56,478 --> 08:40:57,478
card card bus express card you can add
13868
08:40:59,040 --> 08:41:00,040
them or take them out of the computer
13869
08:41:00,718 --> 08:41:01,718
out of the slot without having to do
13870
08:41:03,040 --> 08:41:04,040
any turning off of the computer while
13871
08:41:04,638 --> 08:41:05,638
the computer is
13872
08:41:05,920 --> 08:41:06,920
hot per se okay
13873
08:41:08,240 --> 08:41:09,240
now
13874
08:41:09,600 --> 08:41:10,600
these devices can be used to do a lot of
13875
08:41:11,120 --> 08:41:12,120
different things they can increase
13876
08:41:12,878 --> 08:41:13,878
memory
13877
08:41:14,638 --> 08:41:15,638
add functionality let's say adding usb
13878
08:41:17,520 --> 08:41:18,520
drive usb ports or firewire ports where
13879
08:41:20,318 --> 08:41:21,318
there weren't any before
13880
08:41:22,240 --> 08:41:23,240
they can also increase storage
13881
08:41:25,200 --> 08:41:26,200
not by just plugging up a usb drive but
13882
08:41:27,600 --> 08:41:28,600
actually the card itself can have extra
13883
08:41:30,000 --> 08:41:31,000
storage on it and finally they can add
13884
08:41:32,160 --> 08:41:33,160
networking not just for an ethernet port
13885
08:41:34,798 --> 08:41:35,798
or wi-fi ethernet but even for say a
13886
08:41:38,000 --> 08:41:39,000
cellular wan you can buy
13887
08:41:40,558 --> 08:41:41,558
a pc card or you used to be able to buy
13888
08:41:42,318 --> 08:41:43,318
a pcmci card or card bus card that
13889
08:41:44,798 --> 08:41:45,798
allowed you to connect to the cellular
13890
08:41:46,958 --> 08:41:47,958
network nowadays that's mostly done
13891
08:41:48,718 --> 08:41:49,718
through usb
13892
08:41:51,840 --> 08:41:52,840
first we're going to talk about the pc
13893
08:41:53,040 --> 08:41:54,040
card it is 16 bit width just like the
13894
08:41:55,200 --> 08:41:56,200
old iso was if you recall isa was 16
13895
08:41:58,160 --> 08:41:59,160
bits wide
13896
08:42:00,000 --> 08:42:01,000
it's 68 pins in connector which means
13897
08:42:02,160 --> 08:42:03,160
that that's 68 pins down there which is
13898
08:42:04,160 --> 08:42:05,160
where it plugs into the laptop
13899
08:42:06,638 --> 08:42:07,638
it has to be supported on two levels and
13900
08:42:08,638 --> 08:42:09,638
this is actually going to go for all the
13901
08:42:09,920 --> 08:42:10,920
cards we're going to talk about okay
13902
08:42:12,000 --> 08:42:13,000
first it needs to have card services now
13903
08:42:14,558 --> 08:42:15,558
by card services that means it has
13904
08:42:17,440 --> 08:42:18,440
drivers and that it has a the computer
13905
08:42:20,558 --> 08:42:21,558
has system resources to allocate
13906
08:42:23,280 --> 08:42:24,280
so this is at the operating system level
13907
08:42:25,680 --> 08:42:26,680
now if we go a little deeper that's
13908
08:42:27,760 --> 08:42:28,760
what's going to be called socket
13909
08:42:29,120 --> 08:42:30,120
services that's at the bios level so
13910
08:42:31,760 --> 08:42:32,760
that means rather than just updating the
13911
08:42:33,680 --> 08:42:34,680
operating system i need to flash the
13912
08:42:35,680 --> 08:42:36,680
bios if i want to make sure that these
13913
08:42:37,440 --> 08:42:38,440
are going to work now most of the time
13914
08:42:40,000 --> 08:42:41,000
it's already supported you don't need to
13915
08:42:41,200 --> 08:42:42,200
worry about it on very very old laptop
13916
08:42:43,920 --> 08:42:44,920
systems if you were going to upgrade for
13917
08:42:45,600 --> 08:42:46,600
instance you might need to make sure
13918
08:42:46,718 --> 08:42:47,718
these are there
13919
08:42:49,680 --> 08:42:50,680
you also need to make sure obviously
13920
08:42:51,120 --> 08:42:52,120
that there are slots not only in the
13921
08:42:52,798 --> 08:42:53,798
laptop chassis per se but also in the
13922
08:42:55,440 --> 08:42:56,440
motherboard that's attached to it
13923
08:42:58,398 --> 08:42:59,398
now there are three different types of
13924
08:43:00,318 --> 08:43:01,318
pc cards this used to be on the a plus
13925
08:43:02,958 --> 08:43:03,958
exam quite a lot i don't know how much
13926
08:43:04,558 --> 08:43:05,558
it is anymore but i want to go over it
13927
08:43:06,318 --> 08:43:07,318
anyway
13928
08:43:07,520 --> 08:43:08,520
a type 1 a type 2 and a type three
13929
08:43:12,000 --> 08:43:13,000
okay
13930
08:43:18,160 --> 08:43:19,160
a type one is three point three
13931
08:43:20,240 --> 08:43:21,240
millimeters
13932
08:43:22,240 --> 08:43:23,240
a type two is about 5 millimeters
13933
08:43:25,440 --> 08:43:26,440
a little bit more sometimes 5.5
13934
08:43:27,840 --> 08:43:28,840
and a type 3
13935
08:43:30,638 --> 08:43:31,638
is 10 millimeters
13936
08:43:34,798 --> 08:43:35,798
the type 3 can contain
13937
08:43:36,878 --> 08:43:37,878
uh three type ones the type two can
13938
08:43:39,760 --> 08:43:40,760
contain generally two type
13939
08:43:42,638 --> 08:43:43,638
two type ones i know the math looks a
13940
08:43:44,798 --> 08:43:45,798
little off
13941
08:43:46,878 --> 08:43:47,878
but it can
13942
08:43:48,398 --> 08:43:49,398
due to
13943
08:43:49,520 --> 08:43:50,520
widths etc all right the type three can
13944
08:43:52,240 --> 08:43:53,240
also contain
13945
08:43:53,600 --> 08:43:54,600
two twos okay again we're not going to
13946
08:43:55,920 --> 08:43:56,920
see this a lot on the exam anymore this
13947
08:43:58,160 --> 08:43:59,160
used to be on questions a lot i think
13948
08:43:59,600 --> 08:44:00,600
they've finally gotten rid of them i'm
13949
08:44:00,718 --> 08:44:01,718
just mentioning them just in case you
13950
08:44:02,318 --> 08:44:03,318
see them on there that that's not a bad
13951
08:44:04,318 --> 08:44:05,318
thing to look at
13952
08:44:05,680 --> 08:44:06,680
the sizes here and that generally you
13953
08:44:07,840 --> 08:44:08,840
can fit two of these in there and two of
13954
08:44:10,000 --> 08:44:11,000
the twos and three
13955
08:44:15,040 --> 08:44:16,040
card bus is really what has replaced
13956
08:44:16,798 --> 08:44:17,798
mostly pc cards they look exactly the
13957
08:44:19,360 --> 08:44:20,360
same okay
13958
08:44:21,200 --> 08:44:22,200
except that it's now 32 bit width
13959
08:44:23,520 --> 08:44:24,520
instead of 16 bits wide
13960
08:44:25,600 --> 08:44:26,600
so essentially it is a pci card remember
13961
08:44:29,120 --> 08:44:30,120
a pci card you're going to put in your
13962
08:44:30,478 --> 08:44:31,478
desktop computer it's 32 bits wide
13963
08:44:33,600 --> 08:44:34,600
now they look similar to the pc cards as
13964
08:44:35,600 --> 08:44:36,600
i've mentioned but they are not
13965
08:44:37,280 --> 08:44:38,280
backwards compatible so you need to make
13966
08:44:39,200 --> 08:44:40,200
sure that the laptop has card bus
13967
08:44:41,680 --> 08:44:42,680
functionality and you can see right on
13968
08:44:43,200 --> 08:44:44,200
here it says card
13969
08:44:46,840 --> 08:44:47,840
bus i just want to show you quickly the
13970
08:44:49,200 --> 08:44:50,200
difference between the two
13971
08:44:50,878 --> 08:44:51,878
you can see one of these is a card bus
13972
08:44:52,478 --> 08:44:53,478
one of these is a pcmcia
13973
08:44:54,798 --> 08:44:55,798
and a couple things uh first of all it's
13974
08:44:56,878 --> 08:44:57,878
a little wider
13975
08:44:58,478 --> 08:44:59,478
you can see that there is a
13976
08:45:01,440 --> 08:45:02,440
a little area right here which is not
13977
08:45:03,440 --> 08:45:04,440
here although you can see it at the end
13978
08:45:05,040 --> 08:45:06,040
here
13979
08:45:05,840 --> 08:45:06,840
um and if you were to count these up you
13980
08:45:07,520 --> 08:45:08,520
would count them slightly differently uh
13981
08:45:10,718 --> 08:45:11,718
i think there's also a pin missing on
13982
08:45:12,798 --> 08:45:13,798
one of these although to my eyes at the
13983
08:45:14,718 --> 08:45:15,718
moment i can't see them
13984
08:45:17,680 --> 08:45:18,680
but you can see they look pretty similar
13985
08:45:19,520 --> 08:45:20,520
if you notice right here at the edge
13986
08:45:22,478 --> 08:45:23,478
we have slightly different
13987
08:45:24,398 --> 08:45:25,398
keying
13988
08:45:26,638 --> 08:45:27,638
okay
13989
08:45:27,680 --> 08:45:28,680
but they are different uh they're
13990
08:45:30,000 --> 08:45:31,000
completely different sources they don't
13991
08:45:31,600 --> 08:45:32,600
work the same together
13992
08:45:35,760 --> 08:45:36,760
all right now a card bus generally is
13993
08:45:37,680 --> 08:45:38,680
also going to be called a cardbus pc
13994
08:45:39,200 --> 08:45:40,200
card because it's basically replaced a
13995
08:45:40,638 --> 08:45:41,638
pc card
13996
08:45:43,200 --> 08:45:44,200
now um
13997
08:45:44,558 --> 08:45:45,558
express cards use a 26 pin connector you
13998
08:45:48,398 --> 08:45:49,398
can see that here
13999
08:45:51,600 --> 08:45:52,600
they are a separate technology
14000
08:45:52,958 --> 08:45:53,958
completely from the card bus okay and
14001
08:45:55,040 --> 08:45:56,040
they come in two different
14002
08:45:57,440 --> 08:45:58,440
formats they're not compatible with any
14003
08:45:59,520 --> 08:46:00,520
of the previous things they're not
14004
08:46:00,558 --> 08:46:01,558
compatible with card bus right they come
14005
08:46:02,240 --> 08:46:03,240
in two different formats either a 54
14006
08:46:04,878 --> 08:46:05,878
millimeter or a 34 millimeter wide
14007
08:46:07,440 --> 08:46:08,440
format uh you might have seen 34
14008
08:46:09,760 --> 08:46:10,760
millimeter wide formats on old apple
14009
08:46:11,840 --> 08:46:12,840
computers you might have seen the
14010
08:46:14,000 --> 08:46:15,000
express cards on other types of
14011
08:46:15,360 --> 08:46:16,360
computers
14012
08:46:16,638 --> 08:46:17,638
i just point them out so you see them
14013
08:46:18,080 --> 08:46:19,080
and so you know they're different i
14014
08:46:19,200 --> 08:46:20,200
don't see them pop up on the exam that
14015
08:46:20,878 --> 08:46:21,878
much and they've sort of gone out of
14016
08:46:22,478 --> 08:46:23,478
fashion all the cards have gone out of
14017
08:46:24,478 --> 08:46:25,478
fashion in recent years because of how
14018
08:46:27,120 --> 08:46:28,120
fast usb has become
14019
08:46:31,520 --> 08:46:32,520
we're talking about internal expansion
14020
08:46:33,200 --> 08:46:34,200
devices separate from these external
14021
08:46:34,878 --> 08:46:35,878
ones means i have to open up the
14022
08:46:36,240 --> 08:46:37,240
computer as you can see right here
14023
08:46:39,120 --> 08:46:40,120
now we have basically uh two internal
14024
08:46:42,878 --> 08:46:43,878
expansion devices mini pci mini pci
14025
08:46:45,360 --> 08:46:46,360
express
14026
08:46:46,318 --> 08:46:47,318
the mini pci has a max
14027
08:46:48,798 --> 08:46:49,798
data transfer weight of 133 megabytes
14028
08:46:51,280 --> 08:46:52,280
per second which
14029
08:46:53,120 --> 08:46:54,120
is isn't bad right and the game is
14030
08:46:55,440 --> 08:46:56,440
megabytes not megabits
14031
08:46:57,600 --> 08:46:58,600
mini pci or mini pci express doubles
14032
08:47:00,878 --> 08:47:01,878
that speed so uh we're going to see a
14033
08:47:03,040 --> 08:47:04,040
lot more of the express nowadays
14034
08:47:05,680 --> 08:47:06,680
it's used specifically the pci express
14035
08:47:09,360 --> 08:47:10,360
for ssds solid state drives that can
14036
08:47:11,840 --> 08:47:12,840
really make use of that pci express and
14037
08:47:13,920 --> 08:47:14,920
we're seeing them more and more and
14038
08:47:15,040 --> 08:47:16,040
other functions as well if it doesn't
14039
08:47:17,120 --> 08:47:18,120
need them it's not going to put them in
14040
08:47:18,318 --> 08:47:19,318
there but
14041
08:47:19,920 --> 08:47:20,920
that's beside the point uh it's hard to
14042
08:47:23,280 --> 08:47:24,280
sort of
14043
08:47:24,398 --> 08:47:25,398
spot a pci pci card in here it doesn't
14044
08:47:27,520 --> 08:47:28,520
really um have to do so much with what
14045
08:47:30,318 --> 08:47:31,318
is being
14046
08:47:31,680 --> 08:47:32,680
added or subtracted it has to do more
14047
08:47:33,600 --> 08:47:34,600
with the chipset and technology that's
14048
08:47:35,440 --> 08:47:36,440
inside and the real thing is it's mini
14049
08:47:38,160 --> 08:47:39,160
because it is smaller than the one in
14050
08:47:40,000 --> 08:47:41,000
the desktop that's really the main thing
14051
08:47:41,840 --> 08:47:42,840
you want to remember for the test
14052
08:47:45,120 --> 08:47:46,120
okay docking stations a docking station
14053
08:47:48,160 --> 08:47:49,160
expands the laptop to behave like a
14054
08:47:50,240 --> 08:47:51,240
desktop computer so you plug the laptop
14055
08:47:53,600 --> 08:47:54,600
into this docking station and suddenly
14056
08:47:57,120 --> 08:47:58,120
it acts like a desktop because it can be
14057
08:47:58,958 --> 08:47:59,958
plugged into all this other stuff
14058
08:48:01,520 --> 08:48:02,520
so it connects using a proprietary
14059
08:48:03,360 --> 08:48:04,360
connection on the bottom of the laptop
14060
08:48:04,958 --> 08:48:05,958
if you look at the back here i'm
14061
08:48:06,718 --> 08:48:07,718
circling it right now i'm actually going
14062
08:48:07,840 --> 08:48:08,840
to erase this just to give you a clear
14063
08:48:09,840 --> 08:48:10,840
view you can see there's a little
14064
08:48:11,120 --> 08:48:12,120
connector right here
14065
08:48:12,638 --> 08:48:13,638
that connector is a proprietary
14066
08:48:14,558 --> 08:48:15,558
connector created by this manufacturer
14067
08:48:18,638 --> 08:48:19,638
to allow their computers to connect on
14068
08:48:20,878 --> 08:48:21,878
the back of this docking station is
14069
08:48:22,240 --> 08:48:23,240
what's called a port replicator the port
14070
08:48:24,240 --> 08:48:25,240
replicator has many ports you can
14071
08:48:26,240 --> 08:48:27,240
connect devices to so you take your
14072
08:48:28,878 --> 08:48:29,878
laptop away you start to work on it you
14073
08:48:30,798 --> 08:48:31,798
come back you put it in the office and
14074
08:48:33,040 --> 08:48:34,040
automatically it connects up to a slew
14075
08:48:35,120 --> 08:48:36,120
of things
14076
08:48:37,840 --> 08:48:38,840
so there's the port replicator
14077
08:48:40,478 --> 08:48:41,478
which allows you to connect to
14078
08:48:42,958 --> 08:48:43,958
for instance a keyboard
14079
08:48:44,798 --> 08:48:45,798
mouse
14080
08:48:46,398 --> 08:48:47,398
uh
14081
08:48:47,680 --> 08:48:48,680
monitor
14082
08:48:49,600 --> 08:48:50,600
network devices and even power so by
14083
08:48:52,718 --> 08:48:53,718
just simply putting one connection
14084
08:48:54,718 --> 08:48:55,718
attached to this docking station you've
14085
08:48:57,040 --> 08:48:58,040
now allowed five six seven other
14086
08:48:59,520 --> 08:49:00,520
connections to be uh
14087
08:49:01,200 --> 08:49:02,200
automatically connected so you can see
14088
08:49:02,798 --> 08:49:03,798
how this is gonna save you time if
14089
08:49:04,080 --> 08:49:05,080
you're someone who has you know power
14090
08:49:05,840 --> 08:49:06,840
and this and that all plugged up you
14091
08:49:07,440 --> 08:49:08,440
just pop into the docking station and
14092
08:49:08,958 --> 08:49:09,958
you're good to go it lets you treat it
14093
08:49:11,200 --> 08:49:12,200
just like a computer in fact because you
14094
08:49:13,520 --> 08:49:14,520
can add a monitor and a mouse and a
14095
08:49:14,958 --> 08:49:15,958
keyboard you don't even have to open up
14096
08:49:16,718 --> 08:49:17,718
the um
14097
08:49:18,160 --> 08:49:19,160
you don't even have to open up the
14098
08:49:19,280 --> 08:49:20,280
laptop's display or use it sometimes
14099
08:49:21,200 --> 08:49:22,200
people have docking stations underneath
14100
08:49:22,878 --> 08:49:23,878
their desks
14101
08:49:26,160 --> 08:49:27,160
all right so now we've talked about
14102
08:49:27,600 --> 08:49:28,600
expansion devices including external
14103
08:49:29,840 --> 08:49:30,840
expansion devices like pc cards or
14104
08:49:32,080 --> 08:49:33,080
pcmcia cards the cardbus cards which
14105
08:49:34,878 --> 08:49:35,878
look exactly the same
14106
08:49:36,478 --> 08:49:37,478
and express cards
14107
08:49:38,558 --> 08:49:39,558
we also have internal
14108
08:49:40,478 --> 08:49:41,478
including mini pci mini pci express the
14109
08:49:43,040 --> 08:49:44,040
main thing with mini pci express is it's
14110
08:49:45,120 --> 08:49:46,120
going to be used with ssds because it
14111
08:49:46,638 --> 08:49:47,638
doubles the transfer rate and then
14112
08:49:48,638 --> 08:49:49,638
docking stations would have on them a
14113
08:49:50,638 --> 08:49:51,638
port replicator
14114
08:49:52,318 --> 08:49:53,318
which allows you to dock your laptop and
14115
08:49:54,240 --> 08:49:55,240
automatically connect it to a slew of
14116
08:49:55,760 --> 08:49:56,760
other devices
14117
08:49:57,280 --> 08:49:58,280
so now let's talk about communications
14118
08:49:59,040 --> 08:50:00,040
on a laptop
14119
08:50:02,080 --> 08:50:03,080
so
14120
08:50:03,120 --> 08:50:04,120
first we have our ethernet port
14121
08:50:05,360 --> 08:50:06,360
right and when we say ethernet this is
14122
08:50:07,440 --> 08:50:08,440
the physical ethernet port which is
14123
08:50:08,958 --> 08:50:09,958
again i'll say it one more time rj45
14124
08:50:11,760 --> 08:50:12,760
okay and so that's the wired port we
14125
08:50:14,160 --> 08:50:15,160
also have um
14126
08:50:16,398 --> 08:50:17,398
a wireless
14127
08:50:18,000 --> 08:50:19,000
wlan or wi-fi
14128
08:50:20,638 --> 08:50:21,638
uh generally built in an antenna is
14129
08:50:23,200 --> 08:50:24,200
built in some place to the monitor
14130
08:50:24,878 --> 08:50:25,878
generally speaking of a laptop to allow
14131
08:50:27,040 --> 08:50:28,040
it the best access to any of the signals
14132
08:50:30,478 --> 08:50:31,478
going on around it
14133
08:50:32,160 --> 08:50:33,160
uh the standard for this by the way is
14134
08:50:34,080 --> 08:50:35,080
called 80211
14135
08:50:36,000 --> 08:50:37,000
n or g or b we're going to talk more
14136
08:50:38,160 --> 08:50:39,160
about that when we get into networking a
14137
08:50:39,680 --> 08:50:40,680
lot later on okay but that is the uh
14138
08:50:43,440 --> 08:50:44,440
the code the standard
14139
08:50:46,878 --> 08:50:47,878
that allows
14140
08:50:48,558 --> 08:50:49,558
networking
14141
08:50:51,040 --> 08:50:52,040
many smaller laptops nowadays don't even
14142
08:50:53,360 --> 08:50:54,360
have this one they only have the
14143
08:50:56,160 --> 08:50:57,160
wireless and that's because more and
14144
08:50:57,760 --> 08:50:58,760
more places have wi-fi and so having a
14145
08:51:00,318 --> 08:51:01,318
physical connection isn't as necessary
14146
08:51:02,398 --> 08:51:03,398
and wi-fi is getting fast enough to
14147
08:51:04,398 --> 08:51:05,398
where it's not not always necessary to
14148
08:51:06,398 --> 08:51:07,398
have a wired connection
14149
08:51:09,440 --> 08:51:10,440
the
14150
08:51:10,160 --> 08:51:11,160
these are generally attached to the
14151
08:51:12,240 --> 08:51:13,240
computer using a mini pci card which is
14152
08:51:14,718 --> 08:51:15,718
internal or
14153
08:51:17,120 --> 08:51:18,120
one of the cards express card pc card
14154
08:51:20,478 --> 08:51:21,478
card bus etc although nowadays if it's
14155
08:51:23,200 --> 08:51:24,200
not built in you're going to add it with
14156
08:51:24,558 --> 08:51:25,558
usb that being said
14157
08:51:27,520 --> 08:51:28,520
i haven't found a laptop yet that
14158
08:51:29,040 --> 08:51:30,040
doesn't have wi-fi built in perhaps not
14159
08:51:31,600 --> 08:51:32,600
ethernet wired ethernet anymore but
14160
08:51:33,680 --> 08:51:34,680
definitely wireless ethernet
14161
08:51:38,000 --> 08:51:39,000
now bluetooth devices can uh
14162
08:51:40,638 --> 08:51:41,638
uh is a special
14163
08:51:43,200 --> 08:51:44,200
functionality we're going to talk about
14164
08:51:44,558 --> 08:51:45,558
it a little bit later a little bit as
14165
08:51:46,638 --> 08:51:47,638
well but it allows uh the laptop and any
14166
08:51:50,398 --> 08:51:51,398
actually any bluetooth device to connect
14167
08:51:51,840 --> 08:51:52,840
with other bluetooth devices such as
14168
08:51:53,760 --> 08:51:54,760
smartphones headphones i have a wireless
14169
08:51:56,798 --> 08:51:57,798
mouse that connects via bluetooth
14170
08:52:00,080 --> 08:52:01,080
and it creates what's called a personal
14171
08:52:02,558 --> 08:52:03,558
area network
14172
08:52:04,000 --> 08:52:05,000
so it basically creates its own network
14173
08:52:06,798 --> 08:52:07,798
that can connect other
14174
08:52:08,718 --> 08:52:09,718
bluetooth devices
14175
08:52:10,398 --> 08:52:11,398
okay
14176
08:52:11,360 --> 08:52:12,360
i point out this pan because it will ask
14177
08:52:13,200 --> 08:52:14,200
you on the test what kind of network
14178
08:52:15,120 --> 08:52:16,120
does a bluetooth create it's a personal
14179
08:52:17,040 --> 08:52:18,040
area network
14180
08:52:19,120 --> 08:52:20,120
most of these are
14181
08:52:20,558 --> 08:52:21,558
internally already built into the system
14182
08:52:23,200 --> 08:52:24,200
sometimes you can buy a little adapter
14183
08:52:25,280 --> 08:52:26,280
connects to usb generally speaking
14184
08:52:27,600 --> 08:52:28,600
though if you're going to get usb it's
14185
08:52:28,878 --> 08:52:29,878
already built on and we'll talk about
14186
08:52:30,558 --> 08:52:31,558
this more just as we already have
14187
08:52:36,080 --> 08:52:37,080
one important note is that you can use
14188
08:52:38,080 --> 08:52:39,080
bluetooth sometimes to tether your
14189
08:52:41,120 --> 08:52:42,120
laptop to your smartphone your
14190
08:52:42,558 --> 08:52:43,558
smartphone gets internet perhaps and you
14191
08:52:45,760 --> 08:52:46,760
want to use that internet on your
14192
08:52:49,600 --> 08:52:50,600
laptop computer what you can do is use a
14193
08:52:51,840 --> 08:52:52,840
bluetooth connection to share that
14194
08:52:53,920 --> 08:52:54,920
internet connection to your laptop
14195
08:52:58,718 --> 08:52:59,718
infrared or irda or infrared however you
14196
08:53:01,520 --> 08:53:02,520
want to call this that's this line of
14197
08:53:03,680 --> 08:53:04,680
sight connectivity that is required uh
14198
08:53:06,798 --> 08:53:07,798
and it works in short distances by the
14199
08:53:08,878 --> 08:53:09,878
way bluetooth works at about a 10 meter
14200
08:53:11,120 --> 08:53:12,120
distance we're going to talk about that
14201
08:53:12,638 --> 08:53:13,638
more in depth later but
14202
08:53:15,200 --> 08:53:16,200
infrared works at a short distance and
14203
08:53:16,958 --> 08:53:17,958
requires a line of sight it is the same
14204
08:53:19,360 --> 08:53:20,360
technology as remote control
14205
08:53:22,638 --> 08:53:23,638
so it has to be line of sight and we
14206
08:53:24,718 --> 08:53:25,718
don't see them a lot on laptops anymore
14207
08:53:26,318 --> 08:53:27,318
they used to be a lot more for remote
14208
08:53:28,080 --> 08:53:29,080
controls if you wanted to say
14209
08:53:31,120 --> 08:53:32,120
you know control a presentation nowadays
14210
08:53:33,680 --> 08:53:34,680
most people do that through a wireless
14211
08:53:35,200 --> 08:53:36,200
or bluetooth connection so you don't see
14212
08:53:37,680 --> 08:53:38,680
it as much anymore
14213
08:53:39,680 --> 08:53:40,680
as i mentioned replaced by bluetooth and
14214
08:53:41,440 --> 08:53:42,440
wi-fi
14215
08:53:43,840 --> 08:53:44,840
finally we have cellular wan
14216
08:53:46,080 --> 08:53:47,080
uh well not finally second to last we
14217
08:53:47,920 --> 08:53:48,920
have cellular wan which is internet
14218
08:53:49,920 --> 08:53:50,920
through your 3 or 4g cellular network
14219
08:53:52,638 --> 08:53:53,638
this is what you get with verizon sprint
14220
08:53:54,878 --> 08:53:55,878
att whatever your cell phone provider
14221
08:53:57,280 --> 08:53:58,280
you have
14222
08:53:59,040 --> 08:54:00,040
and this may be internal or it may be
14223
08:54:01,520 --> 08:54:02,520
added through usb or in this case a card
14224
08:54:04,240 --> 08:54:05,240
generally speaking nowadays you're going
14225
08:54:06,000 --> 08:54:07,000
to add it through usb that's when you go
14226
08:54:07,520 --> 08:54:08,520
to the store you buy a little usb plug
14227
08:54:09,040 --> 08:54:10,040
it plugs in and it allows your computer
14228
08:54:11,040 --> 08:54:12,040
to connect to
14229
08:54:13,040 --> 08:54:14,040
the satellite network the cellular
14230
08:54:14,798 --> 08:54:15,798
network
14231
08:54:15,840 --> 08:54:16,840
via this device
14232
08:54:18,638 --> 08:54:19,638
this may be called a wan card as opposed
14233
08:54:21,280 --> 08:54:22,280
to a cellular card so i'm just putting
14234
08:54:23,120 --> 08:54:24,120
that out there when is a wide area
14235
08:54:25,200 --> 08:54:26,200
network we'll talk about that in
14236
08:54:26,478 --> 08:54:27,478
networking i just want you to not be
14237
08:54:28,398 --> 08:54:29,398
confused if you see that as the
14238
08:54:30,240 --> 08:54:31,240
nomenclature on the test
14239
08:54:33,120 --> 08:54:34,120
finally modems
14240
08:54:35,120 --> 08:54:36,120
the old dial up connection
14241
08:54:37,520 --> 08:54:38,520
it's not seen as much anymore i didn't
14242
08:54:39,840 --> 08:54:40,840
even grab a an image of it because it's
14243
08:54:42,478 --> 08:54:43,478
hard to find
14244
08:54:44,718 --> 08:54:45,718
it can be external or internal uh
14245
08:54:48,318 --> 08:54:49,318
generally speaking nowadays you're not
14246
08:54:50,080 --> 08:54:51,080
going to see them built on internally
14247
08:54:51,920 --> 08:54:52,920
unless you have a specific system you're
14248
08:54:54,398 --> 08:54:55,398
purchasing specifically for it you can
14249
08:54:56,478 --> 08:54:57,478
add it externally but again with the
14250
08:54:59,120 --> 08:55:00,120
prevalence of
14251
08:55:00,878 --> 08:55:01,878
network cards nowadays we just don't see
14252
08:55:02,878 --> 08:55:03,878
them as much
14253
08:55:04,878 --> 08:55:05,878
so we've now talked about communications
14254
08:55:07,840 --> 08:55:08,840
including ethernet wireless and wired
14255
08:55:10,638 --> 08:55:11,638
bluetooth infrared or infrared cellular
14256
08:55:14,080 --> 08:55:15,080
wan and modem let's just go over
14257
08:55:15,840 --> 08:55:16,840
everything one more time okay we talked
14258
08:55:17,920 --> 08:55:18,920
about expansion devices including
14259
08:55:19,520 --> 08:55:20,520
external which means outside of the
14260
08:55:21,440 --> 08:55:22,440
laptop not having to open it up we
14261
08:55:23,280 --> 08:55:24,280
looked at pc cards those 16-bit cards
14262
08:55:26,798 --> 08:55:27,798
again there were type 1 type 2 and type
14263
08:55:29,680 --> 08:55:30,680
3 cards the type ones were probably
14264
08:55:32,000 --> 08:55:33,000
around three point three millimeters
14265
08:55:34,398 --> 08:55:35,398
the type twos are about five or five
14266
08:55:36,478 --> 08:55:37,478
point five
14267
08:55:37,680 --> 08:55:38,680
and the type threes are about ten
14268
08:55:41,360 --> 08:55:42,360
a cardbus card basically uses the same
14269
08:55:44,318 --> 08:55:45,318
form factor as a pc card but upset to 32
14270
08:55:47,040 --> 08:55:48,040
bits
14271
08:55:48,000 --> 08:55:49,000
and an express card is a completely
14272
08:55:50,000 --> 08:55:51,000
different functionality whatsoever
14273
08:55:52,318 --> 08:55:53,318
almost all of these have been replaced
14274
08:55:54,558 --> 08:55:55,558
by usb we still study them on the exam
14275
08:55:57,280 --> 08:55:58,280
because you might come across an old
14276
08:55:58,878 --> 08:55:59,878
laptop we then talked about internal
14277
08:56:01,600 --> 08:56:02,600
expansion devices including the mini pci
14278
08:56:04,398 --> 08:56:05,398
which is about 133 megabytes per second
14279
08:56:08,318 --> 08:56:09,318
transfer rate and the mini's pci express
14280
08:56:10,878 --> 08:56:11,878
which doubles that and is really going
14281
08:56:13,200 --> 08:56:14,200
to be used nowadays for solid-state
14282
08:56:15,040 --> 08:56:16,040
drives
14283
08:56:16,160 --> 08:56:17,160
finally we discuss docking stations
14284
08:56:19,280 --> 08:56:20,280
including the ever-popular port
14285
08:56:20,958 --> 08:56:21,958
replicator that is on the docking
14286
08:56:22,798 --> 08:56:23,798
station you dock the laptop onto the
14287
08:56:25,120 --> 08:56:26,120
docking station and then through a port
14288
08:56:27,120 --> 08:56:28,120
replicator it can automatically be
14289
08:56:29,040 --> 08:56:30,040
plugged in to a number of different
14290
08:56:31,120 --> 08:56:32,120
devices uh and you can have extra ports
14291
08:56:34,398 --> 08:56:35,398
that you didn't already have
14292
08:56:36,240 --> 08:56:37,240
we then discussed communications
14293
08:56:38,080 --> 08:56:39,080
including ethernet not just
14294
08:56:40,840 --> 08:56:41,840
wireless but also wired
14295
08:56:43,920 --> 08:56:44,920
nowadays a lot of laptops just having
14296
08:56:45,840 --> 08:56:46,840
wireless
14297
08:56:47,040 --> 08:56:48,040
we looked at bluetooth connections
14298
08:56:50,318 --> 08:56:51,318
for instance connecting a mouse or
14299
08:56:52,798 --> 08:56:53,798
tethering your smartphone
14300
08:56:55,280 --> 08:56:56,280
one thing i just want to point out about
14301
08:56:56,798 --> 08:56:57,798
wireless connections really quickly
14302
08:56:58,478 --> 08:56:59,478
while i'm thinking of it
14303
08:57:00,958 --> 08:57:01,958
don't forget
14304
08:57:02,318 --> 08:57:03,318
sometimes your wireless connection is
14305
08:57:04,080 --> 08:57:05,080
turned on or off
14306
08:57:08,160 --> 08:57:09,160
by a switch on the keyboard
14307
08:57:13,440 --> 08:57:14,440
okay
14308
08:57:14,478 --> 08:57:15,478
or on the side of the machine or
14309
08:57:16,160 --> 08:57:17,160
something you want to make sure
14310
08:57:17,840 --> 08:57:18,840
therefore
14311
08:57:19,920 --> 08:57:20,920
that if you connect
14312
08:57:22,318 --> 08:57:23,318
if you if you can't connect to a wi-fi
14313
08:57:23,840 --> 08:57:24,840
network and it was working at home let's
14314
08:57:25,360 --> 08:57:26,360
say that someone didn't accidentally
14315
08:57:27,040 --> 08:57:28,040
switch off the wi-fi connector on the
14316
08:57:29,920 --> 08:57:30,920
keyboard okay so just make sure that i
14317
08:57:31,840 --> 08:57:32,840
see that on the test as well
14318
08:57:34,160 --> 08:57:35,160
we talked about infrared or infrared
14319
08:57:36,478 --> 08:57:37,478
that requires a line of sight just like
14320
08:57:40,080 --> 08:57:41,080
your remote control
14321
08:57:41,920 --> 08:57:42,920
then we looked at cellular wan which is
14322
08:57:43,600 --> 08:57:44,600
like cell phone service generally
14323
08:57:46,000 --> 08:57:47,000
speaking you're going to add these with
14324
08:57:47,440 --> 08:57:48,440
usb nowadays some computers actually
14325
08:57:49,520 --> 08:57:50,520
have them built in
14326
08:57:51,120 --> 08:57:52,120
if they made a deal with a phone company
14327
08:57:53,520 --> 08:57:54,520
and then
14328
08:57:54,798 --> 08:57:55,798
modems which is the old dial up which we
14329
08:57:57,120 --> 08:57:58,120
don't see much anymore
14330
08:58:00,000 --> 08:58:01,000
so we've talked about expanding the
14331
08:58:01,920 --> 08:58:02,920
laptop we've talked about how it
14332
08:58:03,280 --> 08:58:04,280
communicates let's take one step back i
14333
08:58:06,000 --> 08:58:07,000
want to talk about cpus and memory some
14334
08:58:08,240 --> 08:58:09,240
of the really hardcore stuff with
14335
08:58:09,520 --> 08:58:10,520
laptops before we can leave laptops
14336
08:58:11,600 --> 08:58:12,600
behind for a bit
14337
08:58:16,020 --> 08:58:17,020
[Music]
14338
08:58:37,200 --> 08:58:38,200
laptops
14339
08:58:38,558 --> 08:58:39,558
memory system board and cpu
14340
08:58:41,920 --> 08:58:42,920
before we leave laptops behind having
14341
08:58:44,718 --> 08:58:45,718
already talked about
14342
08:58:46,160 --> 08:58:47,160
such things as power fans like we see
14343
08:58:49,200 --> 08:58:50,200
here
14344
08:58:50,160 --> 08:58:51,160
uh
14345
08:58:50,958 --> 08:58:51,958
pointing devices
14346
08:58:52,718 --> 08:58:53,718
docking stations communication and just
14347
08:58:56,080 --> 08:58:57,080
um you know
14348
08:58:57,440 --> 08:58:58,440
the monitor and the keyboard and all
14349
08:58:59,120 --> 08:59:00,120
that stuff i want to talk really quickly
14350
08:59:01,760 --> 08:59:02,760
and really briefly about some of the
14351
08:59:03,520 --> 08:59:04,520
internals
14352
08:59:04,878 --> 08:59:05,878
those really important components that
14353
08:59:06,558 --> 08:59:07,558
we started our discussion of a plus with
14354
08:59:09,280 --> 08:59:10,280
the memory system board and the cpu
14355
08:59:12,958 --> 08:59:13,958
so
14356
08:59:14,398 --> 08:59:15,398
we're going to talk about uh memory
14357
08:59:16,478 --> 08:59:17,478
specifically so dims or small outline
14358
08:59:19,680 --> 08:59:20,680
dimms we talked a lot about memory about
14359
08:59:21,680 --> 08:59:22,680
dims we even talked briefly about
14360
08:59:23,120 --> 08:59:24,120
sodiums but i want to remind you what
14361
08:59:24,638 --> 08:59:25,638
they are
14362
08:59:25,600 --> 08:59:26,600
uh the fact that the ddr one two and
14363
08:59:28,798 --> 08:59:29,798
three and the different
14364
08:59:32,000 --> 08:59:33,000
not just the speeds of those which we
14365
08:59:33,360 --> 08:59:34,360
already discussed but how those
14366
08:59:34,878 --> 08:59:35,878
immediately relate to laptops
14367
08:59:37,520 --> 08:59:38,520
i want to briefly discuss the system
14368
08:59:39,360 --> 08:59:40,360
board or the motherboard of a laptop
14369
08:59:44,080 --> 08:59:45,080
then uh the cpu central processing unit
14370
08:59:48,958 --> 08:59:49,958
whether it's mounted or socketed we'll
14371
08:59:51,200 --> 08:59:52,200
talk about the difference between that
14372
08:59:52,478 --> 08:59:53,478
is meaning is it built in or not
14373
08:59:55,200 --> 08:59:56,200
pga a pin grid away which we already
14374
08:59:57,680 --> 08:59:58,680
discussed something we didn't discuss
14375
08:59:59,280 --> 09:00:00,280
called a ball grid array which we see a
14376
09:00:01,360 --> 09:00:02,360
lot more in laptops
14377
09:00:03,680 --> 09:00:04,680
and then finally uh some of the sockets
14378
09:00:06,080 --> 09:00:07,080
that we see in laptops you won't have to
14379
09:00:07,760 --> 09:00:08,760
identify them by the picture but it's a
14380
09:00:09,760 --> 09:00:10,760
good to know nonetheless
14381
09:00:12,718 --> 09:00:13,718
so first of all let's talk about memory
14382
09:00:14,878 --> 09:00:15,878
when we deal with memory in a laptop
14383
09:00:17,120 --> 09:00:18,120
everything is exactly the same as in a
14384
09:00:18,878 --> 09:00:19,878
desktop except for the form factor which
14385
09:00:21,440 --> 09:00:22,440
is a so dim now remember dimms dual
14386
09:00:24,398 --> 09:00:25,398
inline memory module those were the main
14387
09:00:26,798 --> 09:00:27,798
uh
14388
09:00:28,000 --> 09:00:29,000
form factors of
14389
09:00:29,680 --> 09:00:30,680
ram that we put into a desktop computer
14390
09:00:32,000 --> 09:00:33,000
with a
14391
09:00:33,440 --> 09:00:34,440
laptop we need them to be a little
14392
09:00:34,718 --> 09:00:35,718
smaller so we have small outline dual
14393
09:00:38,240 --> 09:00:39,240
inline memory modules which just means
14394
09:00:41,040 --> 09:00:42,040
that the outside is smaller okay so
14395
09:00:43,440 --> 09:00:44,440
which is the smaller or maybe half the
14396
09:00:45,440 --> 09:00:46,440
size of a regular dim
14397
09:00:47,200 --> 09:00:48,200
you can see these dims decreasing in
14398
09:00:49,440 --> 09:00:50,440
size here
14399
09:00:50,958 --> 09:00:51,958
although i i'm not i don't want to say
14400
09:00:52,958 --> 09:00:53,958
for sure one of these is a so dim
14401
09:00:55,760 --> 09:00:56,760
i don't think actually any of these are
14402
09:00:57,840 --> 09:00:58,840
but
14403
09:00:59,040 --> 09:01:00,040
you can see that the size is getting
14404
09:01:00,478 --> 09:01:01,478
smaller and you can see how the form
14405
09:01:01,760 --> 09:01:02,760
factor is going to change
14406
09:01:03,360 --> 09:01:04,360
so
14407
09:01:04,160 --> 09:01:05,160
like i mentioned a smaller device a
14408
09:01:06,000 --> 09:01:07,000
smaller laptop smaller
14409
09:01:08,718 --> 09:01:09,718
less space
14410
09:01:10,318 --> 09:01:11,318
a smaller motherboard meant we had to
14411
09:01:12,638 --> 09:01:13,638
have a form factor that allowed for
14412
09:01:14,240 --> 09:01:15,240
smaller memory
14413
09:01:16,080 --> 09:01:17,080
now most laptops use ddr sdram right as
14414
09:01:20,240 --> 09:01:21,240
their type
14415
09:01:21,360 --> 09:01:22,360
so again the sodium is the form factor
14416
09:01:24,240 --> 09:01:25,240
ddr sdram is the type of ram
14417
09:01:27,280 --> 09:01:28,280
just like
14418
09:01:28,558 --> 09:01:29,558
desktops
14419
09:01:29,920 --> 09:01:30,920
just a reminder ddr2 is not compatible
14420
09:01:32,958 --> 09:01:33,958
with ddr3
14421
09:01:35,120 --> 09:01:36,120
even though they're both so dims okay so
14422
09:01:37,280 --> 09:01:38,280
only because you have a ddr1 or a ddr2
14423
09:01:39,520 --> 09:01:40,520
or ddr3 or nowadays ddr4 does not mean
14424
09:01:42,718 --> 09:01:43,718
it's going to be compatible with a
14425
09:01:44,718 --> 09:01:45,718
previous version so you have to make
14426
09:01:46,000 --> 09:01:47,000
sure whatever version your laptop takes
14427
09:01:47,840 --> 09:01:48,840
that's the version you buy
14428
09:01:51,040 --> 09:01:52,040
this is just a reminder of some of the
14429
09:01:52,478 --> 09:01:53,478
module formats here
14430
09:01:54,558 --> 09:01:55,558
okay again with ddr2 and
14431
09:01:57,760 --> 09:01:58,760
sorry ddr and ddr2 we have a 200 pin we
14432
09:02:00,398 --> 09:02:01,398
move that up to a couple more pins
14433
09:02:02,798 --> 09:02:03,798
there are different versions here
14434
09:02:04,798 --> 09:02:05,798
as far as and we talked about we take
14435
09:02:07,440 --> 09:02:08,440
this
14436
09:02:08,478 --> 09:02:09,478
right you multiply it
14437
09:02:10,558 --> 09:02:11,558
uh in order to get uh by eight in order
14438
09:02:13,280 --> 09:02:14,280
to get the speed and the um
14439
09:02:16,318 --> 09:02:17,318
megabits per second all right we talked
14440
09:02:18,398 --> 09:02:19,398
about that in the previous version uh in
14441
09:02:21,520 --> 09:02:22,520
in the previous discussion
14442
09:02:24,160 --> 09:02:25,160
on ram
14443
09:02:27,280 --> 09:02:28,280
so when we're installing and
14444
09:02:28,398 --> 09:02:29,398
troubleshooting memory on a
14445
09:02:30,478 --> 09:02:31,478
laptop one of the important things to
14446
09:02:32,080 --> 09:02:33,080
realize is that you have to check the
14447
09:02:33,680 --> 09:02:34,680
manufacturer guide for compatibility
14448
09:02:36,160 --> 09:02:37,160
before you purchase or install the uh
14449
09:02:38,318 --> 09:02:39,318
the ram
14450
09:02:39,360 --> 09:02:40,360
uh just like a desktop computer right
14451
09:02:42,160 --> 09:02:43,160
the motherboard has specific types that
14452
09:02:44,160 --> 09:02:45,160
it'll work with and specific types it
14453
09:02:45,600 --> 09:02:46,600
won't work with so you want to make sure
14454
09:02:46,958 --> 09:02:47,958
you check that before you go out and
14455
09:02:48,318 --> 09:02:49,318
spend your money
14456
09:02:49,600 --> 09:02:50,600
if the bios does not identify the ram
14457
09:02:52,080 --> 09:02:53,080
once you've installed it
14458
09:02:53,840 --> 09:02:54,840
the one thing you could have done is
14459
09:02:55,200 --> 09:02:56,200
just installed it incorrectly you need
14460
09:02:56,798 --> 09:02:57,798
to reseed it which means take it out put
14461
09:02:58,798 --> 09:02:59,798
it in again uh so that's one thing you
14462
09:03:01,440 --> 09:03:02,440
could do
14463
09:03:02,638 --> 09:03:03,638
the other thing is maybe you've put in
14464
09:03:04,798 --> 09:03:05,798
the wrong type of uh ram
14465
09:03:06,878 --> 09:03:07,878
if that happens though your bios
14466
09:03:09,120 --> 09:03:10,120
probably won't even come on you'll
14467
09:03:10,318 --> 09:03:11,318
probably get a fail to boot or you'll
14468
09:03:11,760 --> 09:03:12,760
get beeps in which case you can also try
14469
09:03:14,478 --> 09:03:15,478
reseeding or you might have some dirty
14470
09:03:16,878 --> 09:03:17,878
contacts something's not working and
14471
09:03:18,478 --> 09:03:19,478
there's no ram being read in the system
14472
09:03:21,120 --> 09:03:22,120
finally the memory itself could be wrong
14473
09:03:24,240 --> 09:03:25,240
generally speaking ram is very easy to
14474
09:03:26,240 --> 09:03:27,240
install if you can't do it
14475
09:03:28,718 --> 09:03:29,718
rather if something goes wrong when you
14476
09:03:30,318 --> 09:03:31,318
do it it's probably not your fault it's
14477
09:03:32,398 --> 09:03:33,398
probably the ram or the device or some
14478
09:03:35,440 --> 09:03:36,440
sort of electrostatic discharge problem
14479
09:03:40,318 --> 09:03:41,318
let's quickly talk about the system
14480
09:03:41,520 --> 09:03:42,520
board which is another name for the
14481
09:03:42,638 --> 09:03:43,638
motherboard a failure on the system
14482
09:03:44,718 --> 09:03:45,718
board is probably the worst thing for a
14483
09:03:46,478 --> 09:03:47,478
technician when it comes to laptops this
14484
09:03:48,718 --> 09:03:49,718
is because it requires a complete
14485
09:03:50,478 --> 09:03:51,478
disassembly of the entire uh laptop
14486
09:03:54,160 --> 09:03:55,160
everything is so integrated that you
14487
09:03:56,080 --> 09:03:57,080
have to remove everything well if you
14488
09:03:57,920 --> 09:03:58,920
have to do this i beg you to label
14489
09:04:00,798 --> 09:04:01,798
everything okay
14490
09:04:02,878 --> 09:04:03,878
over document label everything because
14491
09:04:04,958 --> 09:04:05,958
putting it back together is not as easy
14492
09:04:06,798 --> 09:04:07,798
as you think
14493
09:04:08,080 --> 09:04:09,080
the other thing is a battery on a system
14494
09:04:10,478 --> 09:04:11,478
board remember those little batteries
14495
09:04:11,760 --> 09:04:12,760
that run the bios has about a shelf life
14496
09:04:13,520 --> 09:04:14,520
of 10 years
14497
09:04:14,878 --> 09:04:15,878
so at some points you're going to have
14498
09:04:16,240 --> 09:04:17,240
to remove it
14499
09:04:17,440 --> 09:04:18,440
to get access to that battery you can
14500
09:04:19,440 --> 09:04:20,440
probably remove the keyboard and get
14501
09:04:21,200 --> 09:04:22,200
access to it on older systems
14502
09:04:23,680 --> 09:04:24,680
newer systems don't even have a battery
14503
09:04:25,360 --> 09:04:26,360
so uh this is a system board battery now
14504
09:04:27,680 --> 09:04:28,680
not a
14505
09:04:28,718 --> 09:04:29,718
computer laptop battery that's running
14506
09:04:30,558 --> 09:04:31,558
the entire thing
14507
09:04:33,200 --> 09:04:34,200
some laptops have a rechargeable battery
14508
09:04:35,120 --> 09:04:36,120
nowadays the newer ones just like i was
14509
09:04:36,558 --> 09:04:37,558
saying so you don't have to remove it
14510
09:04:39,920 --> 09:04:40,920
all right let's quickly also discuss the
14511
09:04:41,760 --> 09:04:42,760
cpus
14512
09:04:43,120 --> 09:04:44,120
they may be surface mounted which means
14513
09:04:45,680 --> 09:04:46,680
they're soldered on they can't be
14514
09:04:47,120 --> 09:04:48,120
upgraded or moved or socketed like on a
14515
09:04:49,600 --> 09:04:50,600
desktop computer meaning you can take it
14516
09:04:51,600 --> 09:04:52,600
out and add a new one a lot of them
14517
09:04:53,280 --> 09:04:54,280
nowadays are going to be surface mounted
14518
09:04:56,398 --> 09:04:57,398
because
14519
09:05:00,080 --> 09:05:01,080
a lot of them nowadays are going to be
14520
09:05:01,600 --> 09:05:02,600
surface mounted
14521
09:05:04,080 --> 09:05:05,080
because it requires less space
14522
09:05:07,280 --> 09:05:08,280
they either use a pin grid array or a
14523
09:05:09,520 --> 09:05:10,520
ball grid array
14524
09:05:11,760 --> 09:05:12,760
the ball grid array is similar to a pin
14525
09:05:13,920 --> 09:05:14,920
grid array except
14526
09:05:16,000 --> 09:05:17,000
if this was a pin grid away and remember
14527
09:05:18,240 --> 09:05:19,240
pin grid array means they're all in a
14528
09:05:20,240 --> 09:05:21,240
certain array all like pins
14529
09:05:22,398 --> 09:05:23,398
the ball
14530
09:05:24,318 --> 09:05:25,318
grid array
14531
09:05:26,160 --> 09:05:27,160
has
14532
09:05:27,280 --> 09:05:28,280
more like this
14533
09:05:28,478 --> 09:05:29,478
part of my terrible drawing so they're
14534
09:05:30,240 --> 09:05:31,240
like little balls and the balls hit the
14535
09:05:32,638 --> 09:05:33,638
contacts on the motherboard on the
14536
09:05:34,398 --> 09:05:35,398
system board and that's how the cpu
14537
09:05:36,398 --> 09:05:37,398
functions
14538
09:05:37,680 --> 09:05:38,680
so you can see either of these on a
14539
09:05:40,398 --> 09:05:41,398
laptop the reason sometimes you have a
14540
09:05:42,398 --> 09:05:43,398
ball grid array
14541
09:05:44,318 --> 09:05:45,318
less susceptible to bending of the pins
14542
09:05:48,080 --> 09:05:49,080
there are a couple different
14543
09:05:49,920 --> 09:05:50,920
common sockets i'm going to show you
14544
09:05:51,120 --> 09:05:52,120
pictures of them now socket m p g1 or g2
14545
09:05:55,280 --> 09:05:56,280
you won't have to recognize these for
14546
09:05:56,558 --> 09:05:57,558
the exam in fact most of the stuff in
14547
09:05:58,160 --> 09:05:59,160
this small video is not as important for
14548
09:06:00,240 --> 09:06:01,240
the exam except for the so dim part but
14549
09:06:02,638 --> 09:06:03,638
i just want to show you anyway
14550
09:06:04,878 --> 09:06:05,878
by the way
14551
09:06:05,920 --> 09:06:06,920
if the cpu fails you have to replace it
14552
09:06:07,840 --> 09:06:08,840
with an identical one same with the
14553
09:06:09,278 --> 09:06:10,278
system board although it's going to be
14554
09:06:11,040 --> 09:06:12,040
hard for you to find a system board
14555
09:06:12,480 --> 09:06:13,480
unless you are a technician working for
14556
09:06:14,238 --> 09:06:15,238
that company
14557
09:06:16,398 --> 09:06:17,398
so this is a socket m
14558
09:06:21,360 --> 09:06:22,360
a socket p doesn't look very different
14559
09:06:23,520 --> 09:06:24,520
if we just go back really quickly
14560
09:06:25,680 --> 09:06:26,680
i see a little bit of difference in the
14561
09:06:27,122 --> 09:06:28,122
keying here
14562
09:06:28,480 --> 09:06:29,480
the size in the center is probably a
14563
09:06:30,000 --> 09:06:31,000
little different as well
14564
09:06:32,078 --> 09:06:33,078
so again the keying here is a horizontal
14565
09:06:34,160 --> 09:06:35,160
instead of vertical
14566
09:06:35,680 --> 09:06:36,680
right
14567
09:06:36,718 --> 09:06:37,718
slightly different center
14568
09:06:41,758 --> 09:06:42,758
this is a socket g1 uh
14569
09:06:44,640 --> 09:06:45,640
the corners
14570
09:06:46,000 --> 09:06:47,000
again we have a different type of corner
14571
09:06:47,520 --> 09:06:48,520
here this is a little
14572
09:06:49,520 --> 09:06:50,520
more rectangular rather than square and
14573
09:06:51,840 --> 09:06:52,840
finally the g2 very hard to distinguish
14574
09:06:54,320 --> 09:06:55,320
these from each other that's why you
14575
09:06:56,078 --> 09:06:57,078
can't rely on looks you have to rely on
14576
09:06:58,160 --> 09:06:59,160
documentation
14577
09:07:01,040 --> 09:07:02,040
so
14578
09:07:01,758 --> 09:07:02,758
just to recap the important stuff that i
14579
09:07:03,680 --> 09:07:04,680
want you to remember here because there
14580
09:07:04,640 --> 09:07:05,640
was a lot of stuff i i just want to
14581
09:07:06,960 --> 09:07:07,960
rather there wasn't a lot of stuff not a
14582
09:07:08,718 --> 09:07:09,718
lot of it is in depth very important the
14583
09:07:11,278 --> 09:07:12,278
important parts again we talked about
14584
09:07:13,278 --> 09:07:14,278
memory
14585
09:07:14,320 --> 09:07:15,320
so dims what i want you to remember
14586
09:07:16,000 --> 09:07:17,000
about sodiums is the small outline okay
14587
09:07:20,718 --> 09:07:21,718
on a laptop you're generally going to be
14588
09:07:22,718 --> 09:07:23,718
using
14589
09:07:23,758 --> 09:07:24,758
a sodium
14590
09:07:28,000 --> 09:07:29,000
ddr
14591
09:07:30,878 --> 09:07:31,878
sdram by the way sometimes i've seen
14592
09:07:33,122 --> 09:07:34,122
sdram and ddr on the test if they think
14593
09:07:36,160 --> 09:07:37,160
sdram they're talking about an older
14594
09:07:37,520 --> 09:07:38,520
version of ram if you're going with ddr
14595
09:07:39,680 --> 09:07:40,680
that's what they want you to focus on
14596
09:07:40,960 --> 09:07:41,960
okay
14597
09:07:42,718 --> 09:07:43,718
with system boards the important thing
14598
09:07:44,160 --> 09:07:45,160
to know here is if it fails you're gonna
14599
09:07:45,918 --> 09:07:46,918
have to replace the whole thing same
14600
09:07:47,438 --> 09:07:48,438
with the cpu
14601
09:07:50,238 --> 09:07:51,238
generally speaking we're seeing more
14602
09:07:51,680 --> 09:07:52,680
mounted cpus rather than socketed
14603
09:07:54,078 --> 09:07:55,078
because they're smaller the pga is the
14604
09:07:56,558 --> 09:07:57,558
pin grid array
14605
09:07:58,398 --> 09:07:59,398
that's this
14606
09:08:00,640 --> 09:08:01,640
the bga is the ball grid array
14607
09:08:05,360 --> 09:08:06,360
so it has little balls
14608
09:08:08,960 --> 09:08:09,960
and then we talked briefly about some of
14609
09:08:10,480 --> 09:08:11,480
the sockets on laptops g1 g2m
14610
09:08:14,320 --> 09:08:15,320
don't worry about those you're not going
14611
09:08:15,598 --> 09:08:16,598
to be on the test okay all right so now
14612
09:08:18,320 --> 09:08:19,320
we've really discussed everything that i
14613
09:08:20,320 --> 09:08:21,320
think you need to know for laptops so
14614
09:08:22,480 --> 09:08:23,480
let's move on and get into
14615
09:08:24,480 --> 09:08:25,480
uh we've talked a lot about hardware
14616
09:08:26,238 --> 09:08:27,238
we'll come back and talk about some more
14617
09:08:27,680 --> 09:08:28,680
hardware later on but i want to get into
14618
09:08:29,840 --> 09:08:30,840
windows the windows operating system now
14619
09:08:32,398 --> 09:08:33,398
uh how you're going to interface with
14620
09:08:34,000 --> 09:08:35,000
the computer
14621
09:08:38,190 --> 09:08:39,190
[Music]
14622
09:08:58,878 --> 09:08:59,878
windows requirements versions and tools
14623
09:09:03,680 --> 09:09:04,680
so we've talked about all the hardware
14624
09:09:05,680 --> 09:09:06,680
stuff that goes into a computer now
14625
09:09:08,238 --> 09:09:09,238
we're going to talk about the operating
14626
09:09:10,000 --> 09:09:11,000
system and the main operating system
14627
09:09:12,238 --> 09:09:13,238
that you need to be familiar with is
14628
09:09:13,918 --> 09:09:14,918
microsoft windows i'm going to start
14629
09:09:16,320 --> 09:09:17,320
this
14630
09:09:17,200 --> 09:09:18,200
talking about probably the most boring
14631
09:09:19,438 --> 09:09:20,438
subject i can which are the requirements
14632
09:09:22,320 --> 09:09:23,320
that windows requires the different
14633
09:09:24,398 --> 09:09:25,398
versions and tools now this video is
14634
09:09:27,200 --> 09:09:28,200
going to be full of a lot of didactic uh
14635
09:09:29,360 --> 09:09:30,360
very sort of informational stuff i'm
14636
09:09:31,278 --> 09:09:32,278
going to try to point out the stuff that
14637
09:09:32,558 --> 09:09:33,558
i want you to remember
14638
09:09:34,238 --> 09:09:35,238
for the test specifically i was going to
14639
09:09:36,398 --> 09:09:37,398
be a lot of information covered
14640
09:09:38,800 --> 09:09:39,800
okay so what we're going to cover are
14641
09:09:41,360 --> 09:09:42,360
the xp minimum requirements uh windows
14642
09:09:44,320 --> 09:09:45,320
xp that is and
14643
09:09:47,598 --> 09:09:48,598
a plus requires that you know
14644
09:09:49,200 --> 09:09:50,200
information on three major operating
14645
09:09:51,278 --> 09:09:52,278
systems windows xp windows vista and
14646
09:09:54,000 --> 09:09:55,000
windows 7. so we're going to look at the
14647
09:09:55,598 --> 09:09:56,598
windows xp minimum requirements and then
14648
09:09:57,598 --> 09:09:58,598
the different versions of windows xp
14649
09:09:59,680 --> 09:10:00,680
although it's
14650
09:10:01,598 --> 09:10:02,598
i don't know 10 years old now xp is
14651
09:10:04,160 --> 09:10:05,160
still used a lot in the field and that's
14652
09:10:06,558 --> 09:10:07,558
why you have to know about it
14653
09:10:08,480 --> 09:10:09,480
we're then going to talk about the
14654
09:10:09,840 --> 09:10:10,840
windows vista minimum requirements and
14655
09:10:11,758 --> 09:10:12,758
then the different versions of that and
14656
09:10:14,160 --> 09:10:15,160
then the windows 7 minimum requirements
14657
09:10:16,718 --> 09:10:17,718
and the different versions of windows 7.
14658
09:10:18,878 --> 09:10:19,878
to my knowledge windows 8 isn't yet on
14659
09:10:21,122 --> 09:10:22,122
the exam although windows 8 is starting
14660
09:10:23,200 --> 09:10:24,200
to come out into the market
14661
09:10:25,278 --> 09:10:26,278
so you don't need to worry about that
14662
09:10:26,558 --> 09:10:27,558
quite yet eventually i'm sure we'll have
14663
09:10:28,800 --> 09:10:29,800
to update this to include windows 8 but
14664
09:10:30,640 --> 09:10:31,640
until then don't worry about it for the
14665
09:10:32,480 --> 09:10:33,480
exam
14666
09:10:33,840 --> 09:10:34,840
we're then going to look at
14667
09:10:35,200 --> 09:10:36,200
some system analysis tools that would
14668
09:10:36,960 --> 09:10:37,960
help if you're going to
14669
09:10:38,878 --> 09:10:39,878
upgrade or install windows on your
14670
09:10:40,960 --> 09:10:41,960
computer including the windows
14671
09:10:42,878 --> 09:10:43,878
compatibility center
14672
09:10:45,200 --> 09:10:46,200
uh the system information tool which
14673
09:10:47,122 --> 09:10:48,122
we'll talk about again and again
14674
09:10:48,480 --> 09:10:49,480
throughout our discussion on windows
14675
09:10:50,878 --> 09:10:51,878
and the bellark invite advisor which is
14676
09:10:53,122 --> 09:10:54,122
a third-party utility
14677
09:10:55,438 --> 09:10:56,438
that's been integrated into windows and
14678
09:10:57,122 --> 09:10:58,122
is good to know about
14679
09:10:59,438 --> 09:11:00,438
finally we'll look at some diagnostic
14680
09:11:03,520 --> 09:11:04,520
uh programs
14681
09:11:05,122 --> 09:11:06,122
that you can download from the internet
14682
09:11:06,878 --> 09:11:07,878
mostly for your own edification they're
14683
09:11:09,278 --> 09:11:10,278
not really going to come up on the exam
14684
09:11:11,840 --> 09:11:12,840
okay so first let's talk about the
14685
09:11:13,680 --> 09:11:14,680
minimum requirements for windows xp
14686
09:11:16,078 --> 09:11:17,078
now uh for the basic form of windows xp
14687
09:11:19,520 --> 09:11:20,520
you can see there are some very basic
14688
09:11:21,278 --> 09:11:22,278
requirements a 233 megahertz processor
14689
09:11:25,200 --> 09:11:26,200
which as you can imagine
14690
09:11:27,040 --> 09:11:28,040
is uh
14691
09:11:30,558 --> 09:11:31,558
is is you know
14692
09:11:33,040 --> 09:11:34,040
quite
14693
09:11:34,320 --> 09:11:35,320
light compared to what we have today 64
14694
09:11:37,200 --> 09:11:38,200
megabytes of ram 1.5 gigabytes of space
14695
09:11:41,122 --> 09:11:42,122
the requirements aren't that difficult
14696
09:11:43,040 --> 09:11:44,040
this is the reason a lot of people still
14697
09:11:44,480 --> 09:11:45,480
run windows xp it takes a very
14698
09:11:47,040 --> 09:11:48,040
minimal system and when we move over to
14699
09:11:49,122 --> 09:11:50,122
vista and then seven you'll see how
14700
09:11:50,718 --> 09:11:51,718
these requirements have really expanded
14701
09:11:53,278 --> 09:11:54,278
because the operating system demands
14702
09:11:54,800 --> 09:11:55,800
more resources it does require a cd
14703
09:11:57,438 --> 09:11:58,438
drive
14704
09:11:58,480 --> 09:11:59,480
or a dvd drive because that's where the
14705
09:12:00,960 --> 09:12:01,960
xp operating system files are going to
14706
09:12:03,040 --> 09:12:04,040
be installed from obviously a keyboard
14707
09:12:05,438 --> 09:12:06,438
and mouse we're gonna need those for all
14708
09:12:07,040 --> 09:12:08,040
of these operating systems uh some sort
14709
09:12:09,278 --> 09:12:10,278
of video adapter and a monitor in this
14710
09:12:11,122 --> 09:12:12,122
case it had super vga which at the time
14711
09:12:13,438 --> 09:12:14,438
was still sort of new uh a sound card i
14712
09:12:16,800 --> 09:12:17,800
wouldn't say was actually minimum
14713
09:12:19,200 --> 09:12:20,200
for xp but they listed it as such and
14714
09:12:21,840 --> 09:12:22,840
speakers are headphones to allow you to
14715
09:12:23,360 --> 09:12:24,360
listen to stuff through that sound card
14716
09:12:31,840 --> 09:12:32,840
now there are a couple different
14717
09:12:33,278 --> 09:12:34,278
versions of windows xp and there's even
14718
09:12:35,040 --> 09:12:36,040
more versions of the vista and seven
14719
09:12:37,200 --> 09:12:38,200
when we get to those
14720
09:12:39,360 --> 09:12:40,360
so we have windows xp home which is
14721
09:12:42,398 --> 09:12:43,398
designed specifically for home users and
14722
09:12:44,718 --> 09:12:45,718
the one thing you really need to know
14723
09:12:46,320 --> 09:12:47,320
about home and this recurs which is why
14724
09:12:48,078 --> 09:12:49,078
it's important to know is that it was
14725
09:12:50,000 --> 09:12:51,000
limited on its networking and security
14726
09:12:51,840 --> 09:12:52,840
capabilities so windows xp home the main
14727
09:12:54,640 --> 09:12:55,640
thing we'll talk about this more
14728
09:12:55,840 --> 09:12:56,840
networking was you couldn't
14729
09:12:57,840 --> 09:12:58,840
join a domain
14730
09:12:59,438 --> 09:13:00,438
meaning that if you had a business
14731
09:13:00,878 --> 09:13:01,878
domain you could not join it was only
14732
09:13:02,960 --> 09:13:03,960
allowed you to use it at home or with
14733
09:13:05,598 --> 09:13:06,598
work groups okay
14734
09:13:08,160 --> 09:13:09,160
we'll talk more about that a little bit
14735
09:13:10,000 --> 09:13:11,000
later
14736
09:13:12,160 --> 09:13:13,160
then we had windows xp professional
14737
09:13:13,840 --> 09:13:14,840
built more for the professional user it
14738
09:13:16,000 --> 09:13:17,000
was the most common version of xp in the
14739
09:13:17,840 --> 09:13:18,840
field it added the networking
14740
09:13:19,758 --> 09:13:20,758
capabilities uh it allowed you to log in
14741
09:13:22,640 --> 09:13:23,640
using a username and password that could
14742
09:13:24,238 --> 09:13:25,238
be authenticated at the domain level
14743
09:13:27,598 --> 09:13:28,598
we'll talk about more of that suffice it
14744
09:13:29,520 --> 09:13:30,520
to say
14745
09:13:30,800 --> 09:13:31,800
xp professional had more features than
14746
09:13:32,640 --> 09:13:33,640
home and allowed you to join a business
14747
09:13:35,598 --> 09:13:36,598
network
14748
09:13:37,278 --> 09:13:38,278
finally we had windows xp media center
14749
09:13:40,078 --> 09:13:41,078
which was developed specifically for
14750
09:13:41,758 --> 09:13:42,758
people concerned with audio and video
14751
09:13:44,558 --> 09:13:45,558
it allowed you to display it on a tv
14752
09:13:46,480 --> 09:13:47,480
this was when that was still sort of new
14753
09:13:48,640 --> 09:13:49,640
and it could be controlled remotely
14754
09:13:51,040 --> 09:13:52,040
using a remote control uh it was
14755
09:13:53,438 --> 09:13:54,438
specifically for videos and music and um
14756
09:13:56,480 --> 09:13:57,480
generally speaking it came pre-installed
14757
09:13:58,800 --> 09:13:59,800
on devices specifically made for media
14758
09:14:01,122 --> 09:14:02,122
functioning okay the important thing
14759
09:14:03,278 --> 09:14:04,278
here to know is that windows xp media
14760
09:14:05,278 --> 09:14:06,278
center
14761
09:14:06,238 --> 09:14:07,238
is for connecting to a tv playing dvds
14762
09:14:08,800 --> 09:14:09,800
etc windows xp professional the most
14763
09:14:12,320 --> 09:14:13,320
common version of xp in the field
14764
09:14:15,520 --> 09:14:16,520
especially
14765
09:14:16,718 --> 09:14:17,718
in businesses and it allowed you to join
14766
09:14:19,438 --> 09:14:20,438
domains
14767
09:14:20,640 --> 09:14:21,640
okay and that's the big thing we'll come
14768
09:14:22,878 --> 09:14:23,878
back to that when we talk about what
14769
09:14:24,558 --> 09:14:25,558
domains are when we get to networking
14770
09:14:26,398 --> 09:14:27,398
but the important thing to realize is
14771
09:14:28,800 --> 09:14:29,800
you could join a domain uh not just a
14772
09:14:31,520 --> 09:14:32,520
work group as you could in home
14773
09:14:34,640 --> 09:14:35,640
all right
14774
09:14:35,598 --> 09:14:36,598
that one was pretty simple the xb
14775
09:14:37,200 --> 09:14:38,200
minimum requirements and the windows xp
14776
09:14:39,200 --> 09:14:40,200
versions now we're going to get into a
14777
09:14:41,122 --> 09:14:42,122
bit more gets a bit more thick with
14778
09:14:42,878 --> 09:14:43,878
vista and seven
14779
09:14:44,960 --> 09:14:45,960
they wanted to market to many different
14780
09:14:46,640 --> 09:14:47,640
users and they also wanted to be able to
14781
09:14:48,160 --> 09:14:49,160
charge more money if you have multiple
14782
09:14:50,718 --> 09:14:51,718
versions of the operating system you can
14783
09:14:53,360 --> 09:14:54,360
have certain features in some and not in
14784
09:14:55,278 --> 09:14:56,278
others and that's going to allow you to
14785
09:14:57,520 --> 09:14:58,520
charge more or less
14786
09:14:59,598 --> 09:15:00,598
so first let's look at some of the
14787
09:15:00,640 --> 09:15:01,640
vistamin requirements and these change
14788
09:15:02,960 --> 09:15:03,960
depending on the version so i'm going to
14789
09:15:04,320 --> 09:15:05,320
talk about the requirements first and
14790
09:15:05,598 --> 09:15:06,598
then the version okay
14791
09:15:07,360 --> 09:15:08,360
for the windows vista home notice we
14792
09:15:09,360 --> 09:15:10,360
have 800 megahertz uh either a 32-bit or
14793
09:15:13,040 --> 09:15:14,040
a 64-bit processor now the processor
14794
09:15:16,078 --> 09:15:17,078
could go either way depending on
14795
09:15:18,480 --> 09:15:19,480
what your processor
14796
09:15:20,160 --> 09:15:21,160
used
14797
09:15:21,040 --> 09:15:22,040
remember that a 64-bit processor
14798
09:15:26,078 --> 09:15:27,078
right
14799
09:15:26,960 --> 09:15:27,960
allows you to have a file size of more
14800
09:15:28,800 --> 09:15:29,800
than four gigabytes 32 big bit couldn't
14801
09:15:32,558 --> 09:15:33,558
okay
14802
09:15:33,520 --> 09:15:34,520
you needed 512 of system memory as
14803
09:15:35,758 --> 09:15:36,758
opposed to 64. again we're still dealing
14804
09:15:37,840 --> 09:15:38,840
with megabytes nowadays we're into
14805
09:15:39,278 --> 09:15:40,278
gigabytes so this is just important to
14806
09:15:40,800 --> 09:15:41,800
notice look at this now we need some
14807
09:15:43,598 --> 09:15:44,598
graphics this is an important
14808
09:15:45,200 --> 09:15:46,200
distinction
14809
09:15:46,398 --> 09:15:47,398
the reason we need directx graphics and
14810
09:15:48,800 --> 09:15:49,800
we need 32 megabytes of graphics memory
14811
09:15:51,520 --> 09:15:52,520
it's because of something called arrow
14812
09:15:53,278 --> 09:15:54,278
which we'll talk about later but it made
14813
09:15:55,360 --> 09:15:56,360
windows vista more pleasing to look at
14814
09:15:58,000 --> 09:15:59,000
apparently and it was in direct
14815
09:15:59,680 --> 09:16:00,680
competition really to mac os 10 that
14816
09:16:02,238 --> 09:16:03,238
apple was putting out we now jump from
14817
09:16:05,040 --> 09:16:06,040
needing 1.5 gigabytes of space to 20
14818
09:16:08,320 --> 09:16:09,320
gigabyte hard drive with at least 15
14819
09:16:10,160 --> 09:16:11,160
gigabytes of space uh notice if you only
14820
09:16:12,398 --> 09:16:13,398
had a 20 gigabyte hard drive with 50
14821
09:16:14,000 --> 09:16:15,000
gigabytes of space you weren't gonna
14822
09:16:15,278 --> 09:16:16,278
have a lot of space for all your stuff
14823
09:16:16,800 --> 09:16:17,800
so this is important
14824
09:16:18,558 --> 09:16:19,558
you also needed a dvd drive now not just
14825
09:16:21,200 --> 09:16:22,200
the cd drive because there's so much
14826
09:16:22,960 --> 09:16:23,960
more packed onto the vista dvd of course
14827
09:16:25,840 --> 09:16:26,840
we needed internet capability that is
14828
09:16:28,078 --> 09:16:29,078
because with windows vista in seven we
14829
09:16:30,878 --> 09:16:31,878
started authenticating
14830
09:16:34,320 --> 09:16:35,320
windows
14831
09:16:35,360 --> 09:16:36,360
to prevent people stealing it and needed
14832
09:16:37,840 --> 09:16:38,840
some sort of audio output just like in
14833
09:16:39,438 --> 09:16:40,438
the previous version
14834
09:16:41,040 --> 09:16:42,040
now with the other versions of windows
14835
09:16:43,040 --> 09:16:44,040
vista other than just the home the basic
14836
09:16:45,278 --> 09:16:46,278
home we need actually a bit more okay
14837
09:16:48,640 --> 09:16:49,640
one gigahertz of processor speed one
14838
09:16:51,438 --> 09:16:52,438
gigabyte of system memory a windows
14839
09:16:54,878 --> 09:16:55,878
arrow capable of graphical card which
14840
09:16:57,040 --> 09:16:58,040
means that it had a directx not only
14841
09:16:59,278 --> 09:17:00,278
directx
14842
09:17:03,758 --> 09:17:04,758
but also means
14843
09:17:06,878 --> 09:17:07,878
but also means that it needs look at
14844
09:17:08,238 --> 09:17:09,238
this 120 meg 28 megabytes of graphic
14845
09:17:10,800 --> 09:17:11,800
memory nowadays we're dealing with
14846
09:17:12,000 --> 09:17:13,000
gigabytes so that's not really a lot
14847
09:17:14,718 --> 09:17:15,718
we have a much larger hard drive
14848
09:17:17,360 --> 09:17:18,360
40 gigabytes as opposed to 15 gigabytes
14849
09:17:20,558 --> 09:17:21,558
we also have an external dvd ro drive or
14850
09:17:23,278 --> 09:17:24,278
an internal just like with the previous
14851
09:17:24,640 --> 09:17:25,640
version again internet and audio okay
14852
09:17:26,960 --> 09:17:27,960
what you need to notice here is just
14853
09:17:28,398 --> 09:17:29,398
look at how much more resources these
14854
09:17:30,960 --> 09:17:31,960
advanced more advanced
14855
09:17:32,718 --> 09:17:33,718
versions of windows vista require
14856
09:17:36,640 --> 09:17:37,640
now the different versions let's there
14857
09:17:38,160 --> 09:17:39,160
are a couple more than an xp
14858
09:17:40,800 --> 09:17:41,800
we have home basic which we looked at
14859
09:17:43,200 --> 09:17:44,200
the first thing then home premium so now
14860
09:17:45,598 --> 09:17:46,598
we have two different versions of home
14861
09:17:47,520 --> 09:17:48,520
we have a business we have an enterprise
14862
09:17:50,238 --> 09:17:51,238
and then we have ultimate
14863
09:17:52,238 --> 09:17:53,238
now ultimate as you can imagine
14864
09:17:55,598 --> 09:17:56,598
it sort of has everything all of these
14865
09:17:57,680 --> 09:17:58,680
other ones do
14866
09:17:59,122 --> 09:18:00,122
business is going to kind of relate to
14867
09:18:02,160 --> 09:18:03,160
xp professional so i just want to point
14868
09:18:04,558 --> 09:18:05,558
that out
14869
09:18:07,438 --> 09:18:08,438
if you ever get asked the question about
14870
09:18:08,960 --> 09:18:09,960
what version of windows has x y and z i
14871
09:18:12,078 --> 09:18:13,078
generally say go for the
14872
09:18:14,960 --> 09:18:15,960
latest and greatest version because
14873
09:18:17,200 --> 09:18:18,200
that's going to have
14874
09:18:18,558 --> 09:18:19,558
everything in it right usually speaking
14875
09:18:21,520 --> 09:18:22,520
if it's a cheaper version like a home
14876
09:18:23,278 --> 09:18:24,278
home
14877
09:18:24,480 --> 09:18:25,480
basic or home premium it's not going to
14878
09:18:26,078 --> 09:18:27,078
have as much as ultimate so if they're
14879
09:18:27,680 --> 09:18:28,680
asking you a question about what has
14880
09:18:29,360 --> 09:18:30,360
something ultimate's going to have all
14881
09:18:30,960 --> 09:18:31,960
of it xp home won't so that's just sort
14882
09:18:33,040 --> 09:18:34,040
of a tip to help you get through the
14883
09:18:34,320 --> 09:18:35,320
test
14884
09:18:36,238 --> 09:18:37,238
so first let's look at um windows vista
14885
09:18:39,040 --> 09:18:40,040
home basic it's budget conscious it's
14886
09:18:41,840 --> 09:18:42,840
cheap it has uh for instance the windows
14887
09:18:44,878 --> 09:18:45,878
firewall parental controls
14888
09:18:47,438 --> 09:18:48,438
photo gallery
14889
09:18:49,122 --> 09:18:50,122
movie maker and that's about it it
14890
09:18:51,520 --> 09:18:52,520
doesn't you know obviously you can do
14891
09:18:53,122 --> 09:18:54,122
everything you need to do but it's not
14892
09:18:55,122 --> 09:18:56,122
going to allow you to do advanced
14893
09:18:56,238 --> 09:18:57,238
networking it's not going to let you
14894
09:18:57,598 --> 09:18:58,598
have advanced encryption
14895
09:18:59,598 --> 09:19:00,598
if we look at that in comparison to the
14896
09:19:02,320 --> 09:19:03,320
next version of windows home
14897
09:19:04,398 --> 09:19:05,398
notice i have to start higher because
14898
09:19:05,598 --> 09:19:06,598
there's more features it adds hdtv and
14899
09:19:08,878 --> 09:19:09,878
dvd authoring so in home basic you
14900
09:19:11,040 --> 09:19:12,040
couldn't make dvds it has some games has
14901
09:19:14,320 --> 09:19:15,320
some support for mobile and tablet pcs
14902
09:19:17,436 --> 09:19:18,436
allows you to use projectors and other
14903
09:19:20,080 --> 09:19:21,080
displays
14904
09:19:21,596 --> 09:19:22,596
allows you to schedule backups you can
14905
09:19:24,000 --> 09:19:25,000
have peer-to-peer network connections
14906
09:19:27,276 --> 09:19:28,276
okay oh if you don't know what that is
14907
09:19:28,960 --> 09:19:29,960
basically allows computers to talk
14908
09:19:30,320 --> 09:19:31,320
directly to each other
14909
09:19:32,240 --> 09:19:33,240
and uh it can support
14910
09:19:34,480 --> 09:19:35,480
only one
14911
09:19:36,000 --> 09:19:37,000
cpu but multiple cores
14912
09:19:38,640 --> 09:19:39,640
so you might have hardware that needs
14913
09:19:41,276 --> 09:19:42,276
the home windows vista home premium
14914
09:19:44,240 --> 09:19:45,240
support
14915
09:19:45,596 --> 09:19:46,596
i don't know many people who would go
14916
09:19:47,200 --> 09:19:48,200
out and buy windows vista home basic
14917
09:19:49,916 --> 09:19:50,916
they were probably provided with it on a
14918
09:19:51,916 --> 09:19:52,916
computer they purchased
14919
09:19:53,680 --> 09:19:54,680
now if we compare that to the next
14920
09:19:55,276 --> 09:19:56,276
version
14921
09:19:56,560 --> 09:19:57,560
windows vista business we're going to
14922
09:19:58,480 --> 09:19:59,480
see a couple other things this is really
14923
09:20:00,560 --> 09:20:01,560
targeting the business market just like
14924
09:20:02,240 --> 09:20:03,240
professional was
14925
09:20:03,596 --> 09:20:04,596
it includes all the the business of the
14926
09:20:05,596 --> 09:20:06,596
features of home basic except it doesn't
14927
09:20:07,596 --> 09:20:08,596
have the parental controls uh the reason
14928
09:20:09,916 --> 09:20:10,916
it doesn't have parental controls is
14929
09:20:11,360 --> 09:20:12,360
they figure your business you don't need
14930
09:20:12,800 --> 09:20:13,800
them
14931
09:20:13,680 --> 09:20:14,680
it can join
14932
09:20:15,276 --> 09:20:16,276
a windows server domain again just like
14933
09:20:17,596 --> 09:20:18,596
professional could in windows xp and
14934
09:20:19,756 --> 09:20:20,756
this is really important it has a whole
14935
09:20:22,160 --> 09:20:23,160
bunch of other stuff here i'm not going
14936
09:20:23,596 --> 09:20:24,596
to go over because frankly it doesn't
14937
09:20:26,080 --> 09:20:27,080
matter but you do want to notice this
14938
09:20:28,640 --> 09:20:29,640
encrypting file system
14939
09:20:30,800 --> 09:20:31,800
if you're anything less than business
14940
09:20:32,400 --> 09:20:33,400
you can't encrypt your data which means
14941
09:20:35,200 --> 09:20:36,200
if someone steals your hard drive they
14942
09:20:36,960 --> 09:20:37,960
can generally get access to all the data
14943
09:20:39,520 --> 09:20:40,520
on it and they can read it
14944
09:20:41,120 --> 09:20:42,120
with the windows vista business you can
14945
09:20:43,200 --> 09:20:44,200
encrypt that with a password
14946
09:20:45,596 --> 09:20:46,596
okay there's also remote desktop
14947
09:20:49,596 --> 09:20:50,596
services for instance allowing people to
14948
09:20:51,200 --> 09:20:52,200
remote into their computer from home
14949
09:20:53,520 --> 09:20:54,520
and a couple other things including
14950
09:20:56,560 --> 09:20:57,560
supporting up to two physical cpus so
14951
09:20:59,596 --> 09:21:00,596
you can see how it's starting to add
14952
09:21:01,276 --> 09:21:02,276
functionality
14953
09:21:04,160 --> 09:21:05,160
when we get into the next version
14954
09:21:06,160 --> 09:21:07,160
windows vista enterprise this is really
14955
09:21:08,880 --> 09:21:09,880
targeting to an enterprise segment so
14956
09:21:10,880 --> 09:21:11,880
not just a small business but to a very
14957
09:21:13,040 --> 09:21:14,040
large company that can license this out
14958
09:21:16,640 --> 09:21:17,640
multilingual user interface packages
14959
09:21:19,120 --> 09:21:20,120
meaning if you have a you know office in
14960
09:21:21,360 --> 09:21:22,360
france in an office in israel and an
14961
09:21:23,520 --> 09:21:24,520
office in canada and an office in
14962
09:21:25,360 --> 09:21:26,360
america and an office in india you can
14963
09:21:27,200 --> 09:21:28,200
use all these different languages it
14964
09:21:29,360 --> 09:21:30,360
adds what's called the bitlocker
14965
09:21:32,960 --> 09:21:33,960
service for drive encryption which is
14966
09:21:34,880 --> 09:21:35,880
the encryption service in windows
14967
09:21:37,436 --> 09:21:38,436
it is not available to purchase okay the
14968
09:21:40,080 --> 09:21:41,080
only way to get it
14969
09:21:41,520 --> 09:21:42,520
is through microsoft a special deal with
14970
09:21:43,200 --> 09:21:44,200
microsoft directly which is sort of
14971
09:21:45,276 --> 09:21:46,276
important you can also have access to
14972
09:21:47,680 --> 09:21:48,680
virtual machines which is something
14973
09:21:49,200 --> 09:21:50,200
we're going to talk about later
14974
09:21:50,560 --> 09:21:51,560
basically allowing you to have virtual
14975
09:21:52,240 --> 09:21:53,240
versions of computers on your computer
14976
09:21:54,640 --> 09:21:55,640
it also supports a lot more ram than the
14977
09:21:57,360 --> 09:21:58,360
other version did
14978
09:21:59,200 --> 09:22:00,200
and of course allows up to two physical
14979
09:22:01,120 --> 09:22:02,120
cpus okay again the difference in
14980
09:22:04,080 --> 09:22:05,080
enterprise and business business is
14981
09:22:05,520 --> 09:22:06,520
really looking at the business user
14982
09:22:07,276 --> 09:22:08,276
enterprise is looking at an entire
14983
09:22:09,120 --> 09:22:10,120
company
14984
09:22:11,200 --> 09:22:12,200
finally we have ultimate
14985
09:22:13,436 --> 09:22:14,436
as the name implies windows vista
14986
09:22:15,596 --> 09:22:16,596
ultimate
14987
09:22:16,800 --> 09:22:17,800
combines the features of everything it
14988
09:22:19,916 --> 09:22:20,916
allows you to do just about everything
14989
09:22:21,520 --> 09:22:22,520
you want
14990
09:22:22,800 --> 09:22:23,800
okay so we've looked at the vista
14991
09:22:24,800 --> 09:22:25,800
minimum requirements and the windows
14992
09:22:26,960 --> 09:22:27,960
vista versions again when it comes to
14993
09:22:28,560 --> 09:22:29,560
these versions i know there's a lot of
14994
09:22:29,840 --> 09:22:30,840
them there's a lot of information i
14995
09:22:31,040 --> 09:22:32,040
don't want you to memorize all that
14996
09:22:32,400 --> 09:22:33,400
information that's not going to be
14997
09:22:33,756 --> 09:22:34,756
necessary what you want to be able to do
14998
09:22:35,756 --> 09:22:36,756
is spot when they give you a multiple
14999
09:22:37,756 --> 09:22:38,756
choice question which version has which
15000
09:22:40,720 --> 09:22:41,720
the only difference
15001
09:22:42,240 --> 09:22:43,240
the thing that home has that this did uh
15002
09:22:44,800 --> 09:22:45,800
the business doesn't
15003
09:22:46,240 --> 09:22:47,240
is the parental controls what business
15004
09:22:48,880 --> 09:22:49,880
has that home doesn't is domain
15005
09:22:51,596 --> 09:22:52,596
and
15006
09:22:52,480 --> 09:22:53,480
uh ultimate has everything okay so
15007
09:22:56,000 --> 09:22:57,000
ultimate if you have a question on the
15008
09:22:57,520 --> 09:22:58,520
test i generally found ultimate to be a
15009
09:22:59,200 --> 09:23:00,200
good question a good answer
15010
09:23:01,756 --> 09:23:02,756
all right so let's look at seven now
15011
09:23:05,520 --> 09:23:06,520
with windows 7 i now need one gigahertz
15012
09:23:08,000 --> 09:23:09,000
or faster
15013
09:23:09,200 --> 09:23:10,200
uh cpu
15014
09:23:10,880 --> 09:23:11,880
one gigabyte of ram at least
15015
09:23:13,276 --> 09:23:14,276
16 gigabytes of space which is slightly
15016
09:23:15,200 --> 09:23:16,200
more i still need the directx
15017
09:23:19,276 --> 09:23:20,276
driver i still need those good um
15018
09:23:24,640 --> 09:23:25,640
graphics cards okay so that's really
15019
09:23:26,800 --> 09:23:27,800
important here
15020
09:23:29,276 --> 09:23:30,276
with ver and of course everything else
15021
09:23:30,960 --> 09:23:31,960
is exactly the same i need a mouse i
15022
09:23:32,480 --> 09:23:33,480
need all that stuff as well okay
15023
09:23:34,880 --> 09:23:35,880
with the different versions i have a
15024
09:23:36,560 --> 09:23:37,560
couple now i have even more versions i
15025
09:23:38,720 --> 09:23:39,720
have the starter version instead of home
15026
09:23:40,560 --> 09:23:41,560
basic i have the home premium i'm going
15027
09:23:43,200 --> 09:23:44,200
back to the professional which is just
15028
09:23:44,800 --> 09:23:45,800
like business
15029
09:23:46,400 --> 09:23:47,400
okay we have ultimate
15030
09:23:49,040 --> 09:23:50,040
and we have enterprise just like in
15031
09:23:50,720 --> 09:23:51,720
vista a lot more similarities here let's
15032
09:23:53,200 --> 09:23:54,200
take a look at them really quickly
15033
09:23:58,480 --> 09:23:59,480
so windows 7 starter edition contains
15034
09:24:01,040 --> 09:24:02,040
the fewest features it's just like home
15035
09:24:02,720 --> 09:24:03,720
basic it's only available in 32-bit not
15036
09:24:05,596 --> 09:24:06,596
in 64-bit it doesn't include windows
15037
09:24:08,240 --> 09:24:09,240
arrow which we're going to talk about
15038
09:24:09,436 --> 09:24:10,436
later on so you can't get fancy graphics
15039
09:24:12,160 --> 09:24:13,160
it also has a
15040
09:24:14,560 --> 09:24:15,560
very basic desktop wallpaper and visual
15041
09:24:16,720 --> 09:24:17,720
styles you really can't customize it at
15042
09:24:18,480 --> 09:24:19,480
all and the only reason people have
15043
09:24:20,240 --> 09:24:21,240
starter edition is it came on their
15044
09:24:22,160 --> 09:24:23,160
computers available pre-installed and
15045
09:24:24,640 --> 09:24:25,640
you say hey i want to do more on windows
15046
09:24:27,120 --> 09:24:28,120
i'm going to pay extra so in some ways
15047
09:24:29,680 --> 09:24:30,680
it's really a business ploy okay
15048
09:24:33,840 --> 09:24:34,840
then we went to home home is to the
15049
09:24:35,596 --> 09:24:36,596
major home users okay
15050
09:24:38,560 --> 09:24:39,560
it has some windows arrow options some
15051
09:24:41,520 --> 09:24:42,520
geographical activation restrictions
15052
09:24:44,160 --> 09:24:45,160
it's really basic it doesn't allow for a
15053
09:24:46,080 --> 09:24:47,080
whole lot
15054
09:24:47,120 --> 09:24:48,120
then we have windows 7 home premium
15055
09:24:49,680 --> 09:24:50,680
which contains a few more features
15056
09:24:52,720 --> 09:24:53,720
like the windows media center we saw
15057
09:24:54,560 --> 09:24:55,560
windows media with xp it also has
15058
09:24:57,436 --> 09:24:58,436
windows it has a windows arrow so now i
15059
09:25:00,320 --> 09:25:01,320
have some cool graphics to go along and
15060
09:25:02,720 --> 09:25:03,720
multi-touch support so if i'm using a
15061
09:25:04,880 --> 09:25:05,880
track pad and i'm using two fingers or
15062
09:25:07,120 --> 09:25:08,120
three fingers it's going to recognize
15063
09:25:08,640 --> 09:25:09,640
the difference notice now i not only
15064
09:25:10,400 --> 09:25:11,400
have starter i also have home basic and
15065
09:25:12,880 --> 09:25:13,880
home premium so what they're really
15066
09:25:14,480 --> 09:25:15,480
trying to do is incrementalize this so
15067
09:25:16,400 --> 09:25:17,400
they could charge more for different
15068
09:25:17,840 --> 09:25:18,840
versions
15069
09:25:20,160 --> 09:25:21,160
then we have windows 7 professional
15070
09:25:22,400 --> 09:25:23,400
which is targeted more towards
15071
09:25:23,840 --> 09:25:24,840
enthusiasts and small business owners it
15072
09:25:26,720 --> 09:25:27,720
includes all the features of windows 7
15073
09:25:28,400 --> 09:25:29,400
we're just adding to it now i can add
15074
09:25:31,040 --> 09:25:32,040
domain support which is an important
15075
09:25:32,880 --> 09:25:33,880
feature that's the one that's really
15076
09:25:34,000 --> 09:25:35,000
going to come up
15077
09:25:35,276 --> 09:25:36,276
i can be a remote desktop server which
15078
09:25:37,360 --> 09:25:38,360
means other people can remote into my
15079
09:25:39,360 --> 09:25:40,360
computer from
15080
09:25:41,756 --> 09:25:42,756
someplace else
15081
09:25:43,276 --> 09:25:44,276
location where printing which means it
15082
09:25:44,960 --> 09:25:45,960
will
15083
09:25:46,560 --> 09:25:47,560
automatically recognize printers nearby
15084
09:25:49,040 --> 09:25:50,040
encryption is added just like in the
15085
09:25:50,720 --> 09:25:51,720
previous ones i have a presentation mode
15086
09:25:53,040 --> 09:25:54,040
when i'm giving presentations and this
15087
09:25:55,120 --> 09:25:56,120
is important windows xp mode which we
15088
09:25:56,960 --> 09:25:57,960
will talk about which allows you to run
15089
09:25:59,040 --> 09:26:00,040
a virtual
15090
09:26:00,480 --> 09:26:01,480
not a real not a hardware but a virtual
15091
09:26:02,480 --> 09:26:03,480
version of windows xp on the windows 7
15092
09:26:05,916 --> 09:26:06,916
okay
15093
09:26:08,640 --> 09:26:09,640
next we move up to windows 7 enterprise
15094
09:26:12,880 --> 09:26:13,880
just like windows vista enterprise this
15095
09:26:15,040 --> 09:26:16,040
is going towards the enterprise segment
15096
09:26:17,680 --> 09:26:18,680
you have to have a contract to get it
15097
09:26:19,756 --> 09:26:20,756
not everyone can get it it's only sold
15098
09:26:21,436 --> 09:26:22,436
through volume licensing i get
15099
09:26:23,360 --> 09:26:24,360
automatically these multilingual user
15100
09:26:25,360 --> 09:26:26,360
interfaces the bitlocker and drive
15101
09:26:27,840 --> 09:26:28,840
encryption uh some other stuff like unix
15102
09:26:30,720 --> 09:26:31,720
at unix application support which isn't
15103
09:26:32,720 --> 09:26:33,720
very important for you to know about but
15104
09:26:34,640 --> 09:26:35,640
it basically adds more enterprise
15105
09:26:36,480 --> 09:26:37,480
features
15106
09:26:37,520 --> 09:26:38,520
um
15107
09:26:38,480 --> 09:26:39,480
diskless pcs meaning that i'm running
15108
09:26:40,960 --> 09:26:41,960
thin clients devices computers that
15109
09:26:43,680 --> 09:26:44,680
don't have a lot of
15110
09:26:45,520 --> 09:26:46,520
capabilities on the computer but
15111
09:26:47,120 --> 09:26:48,120
everything is remoted everything is
15112
09:26:49,120 --> 09:26:50,120
virtualized
15113
09:26:50,720 --> 09:26:51,720
again not available through retail
15114
09:26:53,916 --> 09:26:54,916
only through a business contract
15115
09:26:57,520 --> 09:26:58,520
finally windows 7 ultimate was just like
15116
09:27:00,400 --> 09:27:01,400
vista ultimate contains
15117
09:27:03,040 --> 09:27:04,040
everything right but instead of it being
15118
09:27:06,160 --> 09:27:07,160
only available to the enterprise user
15119
09:27:07,756 --> 09:27:08,756
it's now available to the individual
15120
09:27:11,756 --> 09:27:12,756
so you can ultimate you can
15121
09:27:14,400 --> 09:27:15,400
upgrade
15122
09:27:15,680 --> 09:27:16,680
for a fee
15123
09:27:17,276 --> 09:27:18,276
right you can do it online
15124
09:27:20,320 --> 09:27:21,320
so this is just important to notice
15125
09:27:21,680 --> 09:27:22,680
again ultimate's going to have
15126
09:27:22,960 --> 09:27:23,960
everything that vista doesn't i'm sorry
15127
09:27:25,756 --> 09:27:26,756
every ultimate's going to have
15128
09:27:26,640 --> 09:27:27,640
everything that the previous versions of
15129
09:27:28,000 --> 09:27:29,000
7 doesn't
15130
09:27:29,276 --> 09:27:30,276
just like enterprise
15131
09:27:44,160 --> 09:27:45,160
on to windows 8 or 8.1
15132
09:27:48,240 --> 09:27:49,240
which is the new addition to the
15133
09:27:51,360 --> 09:27:52,360
exam
15134
09:27:52,560 --> 09:27:53,560
xp has actually been removed which was
15135
09:27:55,276 --> 09:27:56,276
covered earlier however
15136
09:27:57,360 --> 09:27:58,360
because so many people are clinging on
15137
09:27:59,200 --> 09:28:00,200
to it because it works so well i've left
15138
09:28:01,680 --> 09:28:02,680
it in so
15139
09:28:02,800 --> 09:28:03,800
that's only there for information
15140
09:28:05,756 --> 09:28:06,756
minimum requirements you can expect to
15141
09:28:07,916 --> 09:28:08,916
be asked about this in the exam so note
15142
09:28:09,840 --> 09:28:10,840
them down and just keep reading over
15143
09:28:12,080 --> 09:28:13,080
your notes until it's awesome kim
15144
09:28:14,720 --> 09:28:15,720
needs one gigahertz or faster it run off
15145
09:28:17,520 --> 09:28:18,520
a 32-bit or 64-bit processor
15146
09:28:21,436 --> 09:28:22,436
it supports p-a-e-n-x sse2
15147
09:28:26,480 --> 09:28:27,480
to install a 64-bit operating system on
15148
09:28:30,400 --> 09:28:31,400
a 64-bit pc
15149
09:28:32,560 --> 09:28:33,560
the processor needs to support
15150
09:28:34,320 --> 09:28:35,320
cmpxcgh16b
15151
09:28:37,680 --> 09:28:38,680
prefetch w and lahf sahf
15152
09:28:41,916 --> 09:28:42,916
best thing is to
15153
09:28:43,276 --> 09:28:44,276
um
15154
09:28:44,800 --> 09:28:45,800
check your motherboard
15155
09:28:46,800 --> 09:28:47,800
and
15156
09:28:47,756 --> 09:28:48,756
the processor type but the types of
15157
09:28:49,520 --> 09:28:50,520
processor that your motherboard can
15158
09:28:50,960 --> 09:28:51,960
support
15159
09:28:52,160 --> 09:28:53,160
if you're thinking about upgrading
15160
09:28:54,560 --> 09:28:55,560
if you're obviously if you're running
15161
09:28:56,160 --> 09:28:57,160
microsoft on an enterprise network
15162
09:28:59,200 --> 09:29:00,200
you would normally have a microsoft
15163
09:29:01,596 --> 09:29:02,596
technical advisor a technical sales
15164
09:29:03,840 --> 09:29:04,840
advisor to help you screen all your
15165
09:29:06,320 --> 09:29:07,320
devices and give you uh the appropriate
15166
09:29:08,400 --> 09:29:09,400
advice
15167
09:29:10,320 --> 09:29:11,320
needs um one gig ram 32 bit or 2 gig ram
15168
09:29:15,276 --> 09:29:16,276
64 bit as a minimum these are by the way
15169
09:29:20,240 --> 09:29:21,240
you need 16 gig available hard disk
15170
09:29:22,320 --> 09:29:23,320
space or 20 gig if it's 64 bit
15171
09:29:26,320 --> 09:29:27,320
direct x9 graphics with the wd dm driver
15172
09:29:31,276 --> 09:29:32,276
wd dm version 1.0 or higher driver
15173
09:29:36,560 --> 09:29:37,560
optional to provide
15174
09:29:38,080 --> 09:29:39,080
touch input it requires a tablet or a
15175
09:29:40,400 --> 09:29:41,400
monitor that supports multi-touch and
15176
09:29:43,436 --> 09:29:44,436
generally speaking that's only if you're
15177
09:29:45,436 --> 09:29:46,436
using a tablet obviously for
15178
09:29:46,960 --> 09:29:47,960
presentations or marking
15179
09:29:49,040 --> 09:29:50,040
videos and such like
15180
09:29:51,916 --> 09:29:52,916
eight and 8.1 versions you've got uh
15181
09:29:55,520 --> 09:29:56,520
core
15182
09:29:56,720 --> 09:29:57,720
pro
15183
09:29:58,240 --> 09:29:59,240
enterprise
15184
09:30:02,000 --> 09:30:03,000
looking at core first it's the basic
15185
09:30:03,756 --> 09:30:04,756
edition for x86 and x64 architectures
15186
09:30:08,080 --> 09:30:09,080
everyday home use so your box standard
15187
09:30:11,040 --> 09:30:12,040
home user who's going to be surfing the
15188
09:30:13,040 --> 09:30:14,040
web
15189
09:30:13,916 --> 09:30:14,916
and doing a few document a few bits of
15190
09:30:16,320 --> 09:30:17,320
document creation that kind of thing
15191
09:30:18,480 --> 09:30:19,480
games and music desktop
15192
09:30:21,916 --> 09:30:22,916
uh apps like windows media player
15193
09:30:24,560 --> 09:30:25,560
built-in vpn clients remote desktop
15194
09:30:27,040 --> 09:30:28,040
clients can be used
15195
09:30:29,756 --> 09:30:30,756
your microsoft account login is
15196
09:30:31,840 --> 09:30:32,840
integrated into the operating system
15197
09:30:34,400 --> 09:30:35,400
so you can use um not only the computer
15198
09:30:36,880 --> 09:30:37,880
but microsoft online services such as
15199
09:30:39,040 --> 09:30:40,040
onedrive
15200
09:30:42,000 --> 09:30:43,000
if you move up to pro or if you choose
15201
09:30:44,560 --> 09:30:45,560
pro
15202
09:30:46,400 --> 09:30:47,400
it's a comparable comparable to windows
15203
09:30:50,240 --> 09:30:51,240
7 professional and ultimate
15204
09:30:53,200 --> 09:30:54,200
aimed at the small to medium-sized
15205
09:30:55,200 --> 09:30:56,200
business obviously it's got the
15206
09:30:57,436 --> 09:30:58,436
basic edition features
15207
09:30:59,840 --> 09:31:00,840
also includes
15208
09:31:01,276 --> 09:31:02,276
ability to join a corporate domain
15209
09:31:03,520 --> 09:31:04,520
participate in group policies and then
15210
09:31:06,000 --> 09:31:07,000
allow involvement in the workplace join
15211
09:31:08,720 --> 09:31:09,720
and work folders
15212
09:31:10,560 --> 09:31:11,560
lets your machine receive remote desktop
15213
09:31:13,200 --> 09:31:14,200
notifications
15214
09:31:15,436 --> 09:31:16,436
ability to use
15215
09:31:17,360 --> 09:31:18,360
hyper-v virtual hard disk booting
15216
09:31:19,680 --> 09:31:20,680
bitlocker and bitlocker to go
15217
09:31:24,160 --> 09:31:25,160
windows media center functionality as a
15218
09:31:26,400 --> 09:31:27,400
separate software package
15219
09:31:30,320 --> 09:31:31,320
and then onto the enterprise version
15220
09:31:32,480 --> 09:31:33,480
obviously you've got the premium
15221
09:31:33,680 --> 09:31:34,680
features
15222
09:31:36,000 --> 09:31:37,000
oh it's got the features of the other
15223
09:31:37,360 --> 09:31:38,360
versions
15224
09:31:38,480 --> 09:31:39,480
pro
15225
09:31:40,640 --> 09:31:41,640
you got access to enterprise features
15226
09:31:42,480 --> 09:31:43,480
such as um start screen control windows
15227
09:31:45,596 --> 09:31:46,596
to go creator app locker right bit
15228
09:31:48,320 --> 09:31:49,320
branch cache
15229
09:31:50,160 --> 09:31:51,160
direct access virtual desktop
15230
09:31:52,080 --> 09:31:53,080
infrastructure new version of windows on
15231
09:31:54,240 --> 09:31:55,240
it
15232
09:31:55,276 --> 09:31:56,276
so first we have something called the
15233
09:31:56,320 --> 09:31:57,320
windows compatibility center uh here's
15234
09:31:59,040 --> 09:32:00,040
the link in case you want to go there
15235
09:32:00,880 --> 09:32:01,880
it's kind of cool to check out
15236
09:32:02,160 --> 09:32:03,160
especially if you're going from xp to
15237
09:32:04,080 --> 09:32:05,080
vista or vista27 and it used to be
15238
09:32:06,640 --> 09:32:07,640
called the hardware compatibility list
15239
09:32:10,960 --> 09:32:11,960
basically what it tells you is it tells
15240
09:32:13,596 --> 09:32:14,596
you
15241
09:32:14,560 --> 09:32:15,560
hardware you have on your computer and
15242
09:32:16,400 --> 09:32:17,400
is it compatible with the newest version
15243
09:32:18,320 --> 09:32:19,320
of windows something you definitely want
15244
09:32:20,160 --> 09:32:21,160
to check out something we'll revisit
15245
09:32:21,596 --> 09:32:22,596
later on in the presentation
15246
09:32:24,000 --> 09:32:25,000
also the system information tool this
15247
09:32:26,480 --> 09:32:27,480
will tell you what's on your computer
15248
09:32:28,560 --> 09:32:29,560
you open the run prompt you can either
15249
09:32:30,960 --> 09:32:31,960
search for it or you type in msinfo32
15250
09:32:35,120 --> 09:32:36,120
you can type the exe you don't have to
15251
09:32:37,520 --> 09:32:38,520
this tool by the way is going to come up
15252
09:32:39,040 --> 09:32:40,040
a lot okay so this is going to do
15253
09:32:41,040 --> 09:32:42,040
information about your computer ms info
15254
09:32:44,080 --> 09:32:45,080
for instance um
15255
09:32:46,000 --> 09:32:47,000
what cpu it's running what memory i'm
15256
09:32:47,596 --> 09:32:48,596
going to show you a graphic of it on the
15257
09:32:48,960 --> 09:32:49,960
next page
15258
09:32:50,800 --> 09:32:51,800
also finally the bellark advisor good to
15259
09:32:53,360 --> 09:32:54,360
know about it's available um
15260
09:32:55,916 --> 09:32:56,916
for free right at this download spot and
15261
09:32:58,720 --> 09:32:59,720
then you would go to all programs and
15262
09:33:00,160 --> 09:33:01,160
download it and it's going to advise you
15263
09:33:01,916 --> 09:33:02,916
on what you would need to upgrade or
15264
09:33:03,436 --> 09:33:04,436
change in order to
15265
09:33:05,360 --> 09:33:06,360
um uh upgrade to a new version of
15266
09:33:08,160 --> 09:33:09,160
windows which is the only reason it's
15267
09:33:09,680 --> 09:33:10,680
mentioned i don't see it on the test a
15268
09:33:11,200 --> 09:33:12,200
lot but it is in the outline
15269
09:33:14,000 --> 09:33:15,000
really quickly here's an in uh here this
15270
09:33:15,840 --> 09:33:16,840
is how you what you would get to if you
15271
09:33:17,916 --> 09:33:18,916
typed in ms info 32
15272
09:33:21,200 --> 09:33:22,200
tells you a lot of information
15273
09:33:23,520 --> 09:33:24,520
the name of the operating system what
15274
09:33:25,360 --> 09:33:26,360
type you're running so this is an x64
15275
09:33:28,560 --> 09:33:29,560
which means it's a 64-bit
15276
09:33:30,960 --> 09:33:31,960
uh your bios version what kind of
15277
09:33:33,520 --> 09:33:34,520
processor you're running
15278
09:33:35,680 --> 09:33:36,680
etc etc gives you a lot of information
15279
09:33:37,840 --> 09:33:38,840
how much ram you have and so on and so
15280
09:33:40,160 --> 09:33:41,160
forth okay so this could help you before
15281
09:33:42,480 --> 09:33:43,480
you were going to install windows to
15282
09:33:43,916 --> 09:33:44,916
make sure you met all the minimum
15283
09:33:44,960 --> 09:33:45,960
requirements
15284
09:33:47,756 --> 09:33:48,756
finally i just want to take a look at
15285
09:33:49,040 --> 09:33:50,040
some self-booting diagnostic programs if
15286
09:33:51,360 --> 09:33:52,360
you're having a problem installing for
15287
09:33:52,960 --> 09:33:53,960
instance these are ones that you could
15288
09:33:54,800 --> 09:33:55,800
download off the internet so i'm just
15289
09:33:56,560 --> 09:33:57,560
going to list them up here
15290
09:33:59,200 --> 09:34:00,200
these would help
15291
09:34:00,480 --> 09:34:01,480
correct certain issues you're having
15292
09:34:02,560 --> 09:34:03,560
these are not on the test uh i just want
15293
09:34:04,720 --> 09:34:05,720
to point them out because perhaps you're
15294
09:34:06,320 --> 09:34:07,320
having issues booting your computer or
15295
09:34:08,400 --> 09:34:09,400
you want to check your computer before
15296
09:34:10,160 --> 09:34:11,160
you upgrade it and here are some good
15297
09:34:12,240 --> 09:34:13,240
tools this is the only one that is
15298
09:34:15,120 --> 09:34:16,120
authorized by microsoft the microsoft
15299
09:34:17,596 --> 09:34:18,596
assessment and planning toolkit
15300
09:34:19,756 --> 09:34:20,756
you'd download it you follow the
15301
09:34:21,840 --> 09:34:22,840
information on there and it'll help you
15302
09:34:24,400 --> 09:34:25,400
determine what operating system you can
15303
09:34:27,436 --> 09:34:28,436
and should upgrade to
15304
09:34:30,960 --> 09:34:31,960
so now we've talked about the system
15305
09:34:32,880 --> 09:34:33,880
analysis tools including the windows
15306
09:34:34,880 --> 09:34:35,880
compatibility center previously known as
15307
09:34:36,960 --> 09:34:37,960
the hardware compatibility list the
15308
09:34:39,596 --> 09:34:40,596
system information tool
15309
09:34:41,520 --> 09:34:42,520
which is ms info 32
15310
09:34:45,916 --> 09:34:46,916
and the bellark advisor
15311
09:34:48,480 --> 09:34:49,480
and finally we looked at some
15312
09:34:49,520 --> 09:34:50,520
self-booting diagnostic programs i
15313
09:34:51,200 --> 09:34:52,200
thought you might like to know about for
15314
09:34:52,720 --> 09:34:53,720
your own edification
15315
09:34:54,560 --> 09:34:55,560
so again we looked at those xp minimum
15316
09:34:56,800 --> 09:34:57,800
requirements the different xp versions
15317
09:34:58,800 --> 09:34:59,800
with xp we only had home
15318
09:35:03,120 --> 09:35:04,120
professional
15319
09:35:06,880 --> 09:35:07,880
and media
15320
09:35:09,360 --> 09:35:10,360
when we get to vista
15321
09:35:12,160 --> 09:35:13,160
one of the things with the requirements
15322
09:35:13,840 --> 09:35:14,840
that i see a lot is you have to have the
15323
09:35:16,480 --> 09:35:17,480
capability of arrow okay which is
15324
09:35:19,360 --> 09:35:20,360
directx
15325
09:35:21,276 --> 09:35:22,276
and perhaps 64 to 128 megabytes of ram
15326
09:35:25,360 --> 09:35:26,360
on the graphics card that's just
15327
09:35:26,960 --> 09:35:27,960
something i see pop up on the test
15328
09:35:29,360 --> 09:35:30,360
um
15329
09:35:30,560 --> 09:35:31,560
the different versions you have don't
15330
09:35:32,160 --> 09:35:33,160
forget i'm just going to draw a line
15331
09:35:33,276 --> 09:35:34,276
over here we have different versions of
15332
09:35:35,360 --> 09:35:36,360
home sometimes a home basic and then a
15333
09:35:37,436 --> 09:35:38,436
home
15334
09:35:38,320 --> 09:35:39,320
premium
15335
09:35:39,436 --> 09:35:40,436
we generally have a professional or a
15336
09:35:41,360 --> 09:35:42,360
business
15337
09:35:46,880 --> 09:35:47,880
there's also an enterprise version
15338
09:35:49,200 --> 09:35:50,200
only available to companies you can't
15339
09:35:51,040 --> 09:35:52,040
buy it individually and then ultimate
15340
09:35:53,200 --> 09:35:54,200
which gives you every feature okay and
15341
09:35:55,840 --> 09:35:56,840
that goes for both vista
15342
09:35:57,840 --> 09:35:58,840
and seven
15343
09:35:59,520 --> 09:36:00,520
then we looked at the system analysis
15344
09:36:01,040 --> 09:36:02,040
tools like we just talked about the
15345
09:36:02,320 --> 09:36:03,320
windows compatibility center tells you
15346
09:36:03,916 --> 09:36:04,916
what hardware and software is compatible
15347
09:36:06,080 --> 09:36:07,080
with which versions of windows the
15348
09:36:08,080 --> 09:36:09,080
system information tool which tells you
15349
09:36:09,680 --> 09:36:10,680
what's running on your computer
15350
09:36:11,680 --> 09:36:12,680
the bellark advisor which will advise
15351
09:36:13,520 --> 09:36:14,520
you
15352
09:36:14,240 --> 09:36:15,240
if you download it on how to
15353
09:36:17,040 --> 09:36:18,040
on what um version of windows you can
15354
09:36:19,276 --> 09:36:20,276
operate and then i gave you some
15355
09:36:20,800 --> 09:36:21,800
self-booting diagnostic programs you
15356
09:36:22,560 --> 09:36:23,560
could run including um the microsoft
15357
09:36:25,436 --> 09:36:26,436
assessment toolkit if you um uh the
15358
09:36:28,800 --> 09:36:29,800
planning toolkit if you wanted to
15359
09:36:30,480 --> 09:36:31,480
upgrade
15360
09:36:31,436 --> 09:36:32,436
now that we've gotten this sort of
15361
09:36:32,480 --> 09:36:33,480
boring part out of the way let's
15362
09:36:33,840 --> 09:36:34,840
continue on talk a little bit more about
15363
09:36:35,596 --> 09:36:36,596
windows uh the windows operating systems
15364
09:36:38,000 --> 09:36:39,000
how to install them how to troubleshoot
15365
09:36:40,080 --> 09:36:41,080
them and how to navigate through them
15366
09:36:45,590 --> 09:36:46,590
[Music]
15367
09:37:06,560 --> 09:37:07,560
windows installation
15368
09:37:09,360 --> 09:37:10,360
while installing windows is fairly
15369
09:37:11,436 --> 09:37:12,436
simple and the process is pretty
15370
09:37:13,756 --> 09:37:14,756
automated there are some
15371
09:37:15,680 --> 09:37:16,680
interesting considerations to be taken
15372
09:37:17,596 --> 09:37:18,596
into account when it comes to xp vista
15373
09:37:20,320 --> 09:37:21,320
and 7
15374
09:37:21,360 --> 09:37:22,360
and there are some tools that can help
15375
09:37:23,276 --> 09:37:24,276
you out if you're going to be doing a
15376
09:37:24,480 --> 09:37:25,480
lot of installs so i want to look at
15377
09:37:28,640 --> 09:37:29,640
installing and upgrading to windows xp
15378
09:37:31,276 --> 09:37:32,276
including the xp installation methods
15379
09:37:33,756 --> 09:37:34,756
and then some very brief verifying and
15380
09:37:35,916 --> 09:37:36,916
troubleshooting following that we're
15381
09:37:38,320 --> 09:37:39,320
going to see a lot of
15382
09:37:40,320 --> 09:37:41,320
the same stuff and some different things
15383
09:37:42,400 --> 09:37:43,400
when we come to installing and upgrading
15384
09:37:44,000 --> 09:37:45,000
windows vista also going to talk about
15385
09:37:46,400 --> 09:37:47,400
some installation methods uh we're going
15386
09:37:48,720 --> 09:37:49,720
to take a brief array into the vista
15387
09:37:51,200 --> 09:37:52,200
installation process since you might get
15388
09:37:53,200 --> 09:37:54,200
some questions on the different phases
15389
09:37:55,840 --> 09:37:56,840
of the vista installation
15390
09:37:57,756 --> 09:37:58,756
and then upgrading to vista and finally
15391
09:38:00,960 --> 09:38:01,960
verifying and troubleshooting once the
15392
09:38:03,360 --> 09:38:04,360
installation is done
15393
09:38:05,276 --> 09:38:06,276
finally we'll talk about windows 7 the
15394
09:38:07,520 --> 09:38:08,520
third and final windows operating system
15395
09:38:09,596 --> 09:38:10,596
covered on this exam
15396
09:38:11,596 --> 09:38:12,596
we'll look at the installation methods
15397
09:38:13,360 --> 09:38:14,360
just like we have with the previous ones
15398
09:38:15,120 --> 09:38:16,120
we'll spend a little more time looking
15399
09:38:16,560 --> 09:38:17,560
at upgrading to windows 7 from the
15400
09:38:18,240 --> 09:38:19,240
previous version of vista
15401
09:38:20,960 --> 09:38:21,960
because
15402
09:38:22,160 --> 09:38:23,160
there were more versions of vista as we
15403
09:38:24,000 --> 09:38:25,000
just saw and so the upgrade becomes a
15404
09:38:25,360 --> 09:38:26,360
little more complex
15405
09:38:27,360 --> 09:38:28,360
so we'll look at those vista27 upgrade
15406
09:38:29,596 --> 09:38:30,596
paths
15407
09:38:30,640 --> 09:38:31,640
we'll also look at something called
15408
09:38:31,680 --> 09:38:32,680
anytime upgrades something that's new
15409
09:38:33,360 --> 09:38:34,360
with windows 7 and then repair and place
15410
09:38:36,080 --> 09:38:37,080
upgrades
15411
09:38:37,276 --> 09:38:38,276
which also existed to an extent with
15412
09:38:39,200 --> 09:38:40,200
windows vista
15413
09:38:40,880 --> 09:38:41,880
finally we'll finish up with verifying
15414
09:38:43,520 --> 09:38:44,520
and troubleshooting a windows 7
15415
09:38:45,596 --> 09:38:46,596
installation
15416
09:38:47,040 --> 09:38:48,040
so let's start with windows xp
15417
09:38:49,436 --> 09:38:50,436
installing and upgrading to it and
15418
09:38:50,880 --> 09:38:51,880
there's going to be a lot of
15419
09:38:52,560 --> 09:38:53,560
repetitiveness here and this is a little
15420
09:38:55,276 --> 09:38:56,276
difficult to wrap your head around
15421
09:38:57,756 --> 09:38:58,756
without actually installing uh these
15422
09:39:00,160 --> 09:39:01,160
operating systems so if you do have a
15423
09:39:01,840 --> 09:39:02,840
chance i would recommend uh taking a
15424
09:39:04,000 --> 09:39:05,000
computer and installing xp
15425
09:39:05,916 --> 09:39:06,916
vista and seven if you can't have easy
15426
09:39:07,680 --> 09:39:08,680
and quick access to them
15427
09:39:09,680 --> 09:39:10,680
the first thing you want to do always
15428
09:39:11,680 --> 09:39:12,680
and this we're going to see this on
15429
09:39:12,800 --> 09:39:13,800
every single one of these is determine
15430
09:39:15,120 --> 09:39:16,120
which edition you want to run and then
15431
09:39:17,596 --> 09:39:18,596
confirm that the computer is compatible
15432
09:39:19,680 --> 09:39:20,680
with that edition now with xp the
15433
09:39:21,840 --> 09:39:22,840
compatibility uh the minimum
15434
09:39:24,000 --> 09:39:25,000
requirements are fairly low as we
15435
09:39:26,320 --> 09:39:27,320
remember and so you're probably not
15436
09:39:28,080 --> 09:39:29,080
going to have any problem if you want to
15437
09:39:29,200 --> 09:39:30,200
install any xp on just about any
15438
09:39:30,960 --> 09:39:31,960
computer
15439
09:39:32,320 --> 09:39:33,320
we also want to decide on how you're
15440
09:39:34,000 --> 09:39:35,000
going to install
15441
09:39:36,320 --> 09:39:37,320
windows xp whether from a cd
15442
09:39:39,040 --> 09:39:40,040
uh booting to a floppy and then
15443
09:39:40,960 --> 09:39:41,960
installing from a cd as an image or over
15444
09:39:43,680 --> 09:39:44,680
the network we'll talk more about these
15445
09:39:45,680 --> 09:39:46,680
when we get into windows vista and then
15446
09:39:47,680 --> 09:39:48,680
windows 7 since they are pretty much the
15447
09:39:50,080 --> 09:39:51,080
same but one thing to note is that we're
15448
09:39:52,000 --> 09:39:53,000
going to be using a cd with windows xp
15449
09:39:55,360 --> 09:39:56,360
and then
15450
09:39:56,960 --> 09:39:57,960
what's this floppy to cd well in some
15451
09:39:59,120 --> 09:40:00,120
cases
15452
09:40:00,400 --> 09:40:01,400
uh the bios and older systems did not
15453
09:40:03,276 --> 09:40:04,276
support
15454
09:40:05,040 --> 09:40:06,040
a uh
15455
09:40:07,840 --> 09:40:08,840
booting straight to a cd you had to boot
15456
09:40:10,240 --> 09:40:11,240
therefore to a floppy disk and then uh
15457
09:40:13,040 --> 09:40:14,040
load up the drivers for a cd driver
15458
09:40:15,840 --> 09:40:16,840
for a cd drive and then install from a
15459
09:40:17,840 --> 09:40:18,840
cd
15460
09:40:18,960 --> 09:40:19,960
an image something we'll talk about more
15461
09:40:20,640 --> 09:40:21,640
and more basically would be used during
15462
09:40:22,800 --> 09:40:23,800
a rollout
15463
09:40:24,400 --> 09:40:25,400
a rollout would be for instance uh i'm
15464
09:40:27,436 --> 09:40:28,436
installing xp on a thousand computers
15465
09:40:30,640 --> 09:40:31,640
and what this would be is you
15466
09:40:33,360 --> 09:40:34,360
install windows on one system
15467
09:40:36,160 --> 09:40:37,160
you customize it to your liking
15468
09:40:38,720 --> 09:40:39,720
and then you basically take an image of
15469
09:40:41,276 --> 09:40:42,276
that entire system so when you install
15470
09:40:43,596 --> 09:40:44,596
it onto a different computer
15471
09:40:45,520 --> 09:40:46,520
you don't have to choose all of the
15472
09:40:47,360 --> 09:40:48,360
different settings etc we'll talk more
15473
09:40:49,360 --> 09:40:50,360
about that a little more in depth when
15474
09:40:50,800 --> 09:40:51,800
we get to vista in seven
15475
09:40:52,880 --> 09:40:53,880
finally you can install over a network
15476
09:40:54,640 --> 09:40:55,640
which is going to be useful in
15477
09:40:56,240 --> 09:40:57,240
enterprise settings where you don't want
15478
09:40:58,000 --> 09:40:59,000
to have to carry around the media with
15479
09:40:59,200 --> 09:41:00,200
you basically the computer boots off of
15480
09:41:01,680 --> 09:41:02,680
and installs from a network server and
15481
09:41:04,320 --> 09:41:05,320
it's not something you necessarily need
15482
09:41:05,596 --> 09:41:06,596
to do at home but it's definitely
15483
09:41:06,720 --> 09:41:07,720
something that would be done uh in a
15484
09:41:08,560 --> 09:41:09,560
business setting
15485
09:41:10,880 --> 09:41:11,880
now once you complete uh the clean
15486
09:41:13,120 --> 09:41:14,120
installation
15487
09:41:14,400 --> 09:41:15,400
or the upgrade uh now what you're
15488
09:41:16,720 --> 09:41:17,720
upgrading from in this case is generally
15489
09:41:18,880 --> 09:41:19,880
you know a windows 95 uh so
15490
09:41:22,080 --> 09:41:23,080
or windows 98 rather so i'm not going to
15491
09:41:24,640 --> 09:41:25,640
go over that uh by the way i just want
15492
09:41:26,800 --> 09:41:27,800
to mention a clean installation versus
15493
09:41:30,480 --> 09:41:31,480
uh
15494
09:41:31,360 --> 09:41:32,360
the upgrade a clean installation means
15495
09:41:34,000 --> 09:41:35,000
that you erase everything from the
15496
09:41:36,880 --> 09:41:37,880
computer
15497
09:41:38,480 --> 09:41:39,480
and then you install windows from
15498
09:41:39,840 --> 09:41:40,840
scratch this is different from an
15499
09:41:41,360 --> 09:41:42,360
upgrade where uh the computer takes or
15500
09:41:44,400 --> 09:41:45,400
the operating system takes settings
15501
09:41:46,400 --> 09:41:47,400
software uh etc your data from the
15502
09:41:49,120 --> 09:41:50,120
previous installation and ports it over
15503
09:41:51,120 --> 09:41:52,120
we'll talk more about that a little bit
15504
09:41:52,560 --> 09:41:53,560
later as well
15505
09:41:54,000 --> 09:41:55,000
so when you're testing it one thing you
15506
09:41:55,680 --> 09:41:56,680
want to do is attempt to navigate
15507
09:41:57,436 --> 09:41:58,436
through windows so go to the start menu
15508
09:41:59,916 --> 09:42:00,916
try to access some things
15509
09:42:02,960 --> 09:42:03,960
access some certain administrative
15510
09:42:04,560 --> 09:42:05,560
functions whatever you just want to test
15511
09:42:06,240 --> 09:42:07,240
to make sure everything is working
15512
09:42:07,520 --> 09:42:08,520
correctly
15513
09:42:08,880 --> 09:42:09,880
you also want to connect to the internet
15514
09:42:10,560 --> 09:42:11,560
if that's something that you're doing
15515
09:42:11,756 --> 09:42:12,756
and generally nowadays you are so make
15516
09:42:13,756 --> 09:42:14,756
sure the network is working if it's not
15517
09:42:15,756 --> 09:42:16,756
it might be that the installation was
15518
09:42:17,596 --> 09:42:18,596
fine but your networking is not good but
15519
09:42:19,916 --> 09:42:20,916
connecting to the internet to the
15520
09:42:21,360 --> 09:42:22,360
network is always something
15521
09:42:23,360 --> 09:42:24,360
important since nowadays almost every
15522
09:42:25,120 --> 09:42:26,120
computer is going to be connecting to
15523
09:42:26,640 --> 09:42:27,640
the network
15524
09:42:27,680 --> 09:42:28,680
you also want to confirm that windows is
15525
09:42:29,520 --> 09:42:30,520
working normally
15526
09:42:31,436 --> 09:42:32,436
generally by updating the system so you
15527
09:42:33,200 --> 09:42:34,200
go to windows update and we'll talk more
15528
09:42:34,960 --> 09:42:35,960
about windows update
15529
09:42:36,800 --> 09:42:37,800
a little later
15530
09:42:39,200 --> 09:42:40,200
make sure you have the latest service
15531
09:42:40,800 --> 09:42:41,800
packs etc we'll talk about all of that a
15532
09:42:42,800 --> 09:42:43,800
little bit later um but you want to make
15533
09:42:44,800 --> 09:42:45,800
sure you can do that if you can't uh
15534
09:42:47,436 --> 09:42:48,436
you might have an issue and you might
15535
09:42:48,640 --> 09:42:49,640
have to reinstall and sometimes that
15536
09:42:49,840 --> 09:42:50,840
does occur now if the installation fails
15537
09:42:52,240 --> 09:42:53,240
there are a couple things you can check
15538
09:42:54,160 --> 09:42:55,160
one you want to verify you met the
15539
09:42:55,840 --> 09:42:56,840
minimum hardware requirements uh did did
15540
09:42:58,880 --> 09:42:59,880
you have 64 megabytes or whatever it was
15541
09:43:01,436 --> 09:43:02,436
of ram did you have 233 megahertz
15542
09:43:04,000 --> 09:43:05,000
processor in most cases windows xp
15543
09:43:06,240 --> 09:43:07,240
you're not going to have a failed
15544
09:43:07,200 --> 09:43:08,200
installation because of minimum hardware
15545
09:43:08,960 --> 09:43:09,960
requirements uh
15546
09:43:10,800 --> 09:43:11,800
you want to make sure however that there
15547
09:43:12,400 --> 09:43:13,400
aren't any hardware conflicts if you
15548
09:43:13,916 --> 09:43:14,916
have a really old something in your
15549
09:43:16,240 --> 09:43:17,240
computer perhaps that very old thing is
15550
09:43:18,720 --> 09:43:19,720
causing a conflict that doesn't allow
15551
09:43:20,400 --> 09:43:21,400
the installation to complete
15552
09:43:22,800 --> 09:43:23,800
more than likely
15553
09:43:24,480 --> 09:43:25,480
you either don't have enough disk space
15554
09:43:26,880 --> 09:43:27,880
or the installation media is bad
15555
09:43:30,160 --> 09:43:31,160
so
15556
09:43:31,840 --> 09:43:32,840
you know cd was scratched the image you
15557
09:43:34,880 --> 09:43:35,880
downloaded off the internet was not
15558
09:43:36,480 --> 09:43:37,480
complete this is usually where the
15559
09:43:38,800 --> 09:43:39,800
problem is going to lie
15560
09:43:40,480 --> 09:43:41,480
mostly because especially with xp
15561
09:43:42,560 --> 09:43:43,560
because the xp minimum requirements are
15562
09:43:45,276 --> 09:43:46,276
so low that it would be difficult for a
15563
09:43:48,480 --> 09:43:49,480
hardware problem to occur now when we
15564
09:43:50,000 --> 09:43:51,000
get to vista and especially seven it's
15565
09:43:51,916 --> 09:43:52,916
very possible that you're going to see
15566
09:43:53,200 --> 09:43:54,200
in the field some systems that are not
15567
09:43:55,680 --> 09:43:56,680
up to date let's say with what xp
15568
09:43:58,480 --> 09:43:59,480
requires
15569
09:44:00,800 --> 09:44:01,800
all right so that was really quickly
15570
09:44:03,276 --> 09:44:04,276
much quicker than we're gonna see with
15571
09:44:04,720 --> 09:44:05,720
vista in seven uh the installation and
15572
09:44:07,040 --> 09:44:08,040
upgrading of windows xp some
15573
09:44:08,320 --> 09:44:09,320
considerations uh the installation
15574
09:44:10,480 --> 09:44:11,480
methods and then verifying and
15575
09:44:11,840 --> 09:44:12,840
troubleshooting and i just wanna say if
15576
09:44:13,680 --> 09:44:14,680
um if we were sitting in a lab together
15577
09:44:16,240 --> 09:44:17,240
uh i would take you through and we would
15578
09:44:17,916 --> 09:44:18,916
do an installation on xp we would do an
15579
09:44:19,680 --> 09:44:20,680
installation on vista we would do an
15580
09:44:21,436 --> 09:44:22,436
installation on windows 7. um
15581
09:44:24,640 --> 09:44:25,640
unfortunately in this case i can't be
15582
09:44:27,276 --> 09:44:28,276
there with you but uh the e the best way
15583
09:44:30,160 --> 09:44:31,160
to lock this information into your head
15584
09:44:33,040 --> 09:44:34,040
is to go through it the other thing to
15585
09:44:34,480 --> 09:44:35,480
remember is you're not going to have to
15586
09:44:35,680 --> 09:44:36,680
do an installation for a plus and since
15587
09:44:38,160 --> 09:44:39,160
the goal of these videos is to get
15588
09:44:39,520 --> 09:44:40,520
through a plus what i'm what i'm trying
15589
09:44:41,200 --> 09:44:42,200
to do is hit on the pertinent
15590
09:44:43,360 --> 09:44:44,360
information so although
15591
09:44:45,436 --> 09:44:46,436
this is very
15592
09:44:46,640 --> 09:44:47,640
book
15593
09:44:47,436 --> 09:44:48,436
sort of heavy in the way that there's a
15594
09:44:49,200 --> 09:44:50,200
lot of text i want you to understand
15595
09:44:51,436 --> 09:44:52,436
that that's because that's how the exam
15596
09:44:53,756 --> 09:44:54,756
is it's it's a multiple choice exam with
15597
09:44:55,840 --> 09:44:56,840
very few images although they have added
15598
09:44:57,916 --> 09:44:58,916
more of that all right now let's talk
15599
09:45:00,080 --> 09:45:01,080
about vista the next operating system
15600
09:45:01,916 --> 09:45:02,916
that came around with windows
15601
09:45:04,560 --> 09:45:05,560
uh first just like with xp we want to
15602
09:45:06,560 --> 09:45:07,560
decide what version and determine the
15603
09:45:08,640 --> 09:45:09,640
computer hardware capability just as you
15604
09:45:10,800 --> 09:45:11,800
recall remember there was that
15605
09:45:13,040 --> 09:45:14,040
compatibility
15606
09:45:14,640 --> 09:45:15,640
website you could go to and the
15607
09:45:16,400 --> 09:45:17,400
compatibility wizard that you could run
15608
09:45:19,040 --> 09:45:20,040
okay so you want to make sure that for
15609
09:45:21,200 --> 09:45:22,200
instance you check the hardware
15610
09:45:24,240 --> 09:45:25,240
compatibility list
15611
09:45:26,160 --> 09:45:27,160
or the hcl
15612
09:45:28,400 --> 09:45:29,400
uh which will tell you what is
15613
09:45:30,560 --> 09:45:31,560
compatible with windows vista you also
15614
09:45:33,276 --> 09:45:34,276
want to decide on what method you're
15615
09:45:36,000 --> 09:45:37,000
going to install now
15616
09:45:37,436 --> 09:45:38,436
generally speaking you want to install
15617
09:45:38,880 --> 09:45:39,880
from a dvd and most computers are going
15618
09:45:40,480 --> 09:45:41,480
to have dvd players something to check
15619
09:45:42,400 --> 09:45:43,400
by the way is to make sure that you do
15620
09:45:43,840 --> 09:45:44,840
have a dvd player um you're not really
15621
09:45:47,120 --> 09:45:48,120
going to install from cd as much because
15622
09:45:49,680 --> 09:45:50,680
it require multiple cds okay
15623
09:45:53,596 --> 09:45:54,596
don't forget one dvd if you recall has
15624
09:45:56,000 --> 09:45:57,000
4.7 gigabytes of space one cd
15625
09:46:00,480 --> 09:46:01,480
has uh 80 minutes of
15626
09:46:04,400 --> 09:46:05,400
audio time or about 700 megabytes right
15627
09:46:07,276 --> 09:46:08,276
so
15628
09:46:08,400 --> 09:46:09,400
700 megabytes into 4.7 gigabytes we're
15629
09:46:11,040 --> 09:46:12,040
talking about six seven eight times as
15630
09:46:13,436 --> 09:46:14,436
much um
15631
09:46:14,800 --> 09:46:15,800
data so you're gonna have a lot of cds
15632
09:46:16,640 --> 09:46:17,640
to have the same stuff on a dvd um you
15633
09:46:18,800 --> 09:46:19,800
could also go from an image or from the
15634
09:46:20,640 --> 09:46:21,640
network again we'll talk more about
15635
09:46:22,080 --> 09:46:23,080
those in depth a little bit later on
15636
09:46:24,240 --> 09:46:25,240
when we talk about windows 7.
15637
09:46:27,200 --> 09:46:28,200
now just like with upgrades just like
15638
09:46:30,160 --> 09:46:31,160
with windows xp rather a clean
15639
09:46:32,400 --> 09:46:33,400
installation
15640
09:46:33,756 --> 09:46:34,756
means just like it sounds you've cleaned
15641
09:46:35,916 --> 09:46:36,916
off the hard drive you've formatted the
15642
09:46:37,436 --> 09:46:38,436
hard drive
15643
09:46:38,480 --> 09:46:39,480
and there's nothing else on it the other
15644
09:46:40,960 --> 09:46:41,960
option of course is to upgrade from
15645
09:46:42,720 --> 09:46:43,720
windows xp or earlier to vista now the
15646
09:46:45,520 --> 09:46:46,520
reason you might want to if you're doing
15647
09:46:47,596 --> 09:46:48,596
this for yourself you might want to
15648
09:46:49,360 --> 09:46:50,360
install to a clean install of course
15649
09:46:51,040 --> 09:46:52,040
you're going to make sure you back up
15650
09:46:52,240 --> 09:46:53,240
first
15651
09:46:53,120 --> 09:46:54,120
right so because otherwise you could
15652
09:46:55,520 --> 09:46:56,520
lose your data and it's always good to
15653
09:46:57,120 --> 09:46:58,120
just do a general backup in case you
15654
09:46:58,800 --> 09:46:59,800
forget to
15655
09:46:59,840 --> 09:47:00,840
save something
15656
09:47:01,596 --> 09:47:02,596
the reason you want to do a clean
15657
09:47:02,560 --> 09:47:03,560
install is what if you have a lot of
15658
09:47:03,840 --> 09:47:04,840
stuff on your computer you've been using
15659
09:47:05,596 --> 09:47:06,596
your computer for years and you've
15660
09:47:07,436 --> 09:47:08,436
accumulated all sorts of temporary files
15661
09:47:09,596 --> 09:47:10,596
and all sorts of um
15662
09:47:12,080 --> 09:47:13,080
weird files and things you don't
15663
09:47:13,756 --> 09:47:14,756
necessarily want all of those
15664
09:47:16,480 --> 09:47:17,480
to be sort of stuck
15665
09:47:18,480 --> 09:47:19,480
in your new fresh operating system so i
15666
09:47:20,960 --> 09:47:21,960
usually recommend a clean install if you
15667
09:47:22,560 --> 09:47:23,560
can if not that's okay then you do a
15668
09:47:25,276 --> 09:47:26,276
upgrade and what the upgrade does is
15669
09:47:26,880 --> 09:47:27,880
port over all of your settings and all
15670
09:47:28,800 --> 09:47:29,800
of your um
15671
09:47:30,720 --> 09:47:31,720
all your files
15672
09:47:35,276 --> 09:47:36,276
now before you start the upgrade you
15673
09:47:37,276 --> 09:47:38,276
need to check if the computer and the
15674
09:47:38,720 --> 09:47:39,720
operating system is compatible so let's
15675
09:47:40,160 --> 09:47:41,160
say i'm upgrading from xp to vista
15676
09:47:43,360 --> 09:47:44,360
what happens if i don't have the minimum
15677
09:47:45,756 --> 09:47:46,756
requirements for vista i only had them
15678
09:47:47,276 --> 09:47:48,276
for xp the other thing to realize is
15679
09:47:49,360 --> 09:47:50,360
that vista
15680
09:47:51,120 --> 09:47:52,120
is going to take more resources
15681
09:47:56,640 --> 09:47:57,640
from your computer
15682
09:47:58,320 --> 09:47:59,320
than xp so sometimes
15683
09:48:01,436 --> 09:48:02,436
um upgrading
15684
09:48:04,080 --> 09:48:05,080
to vista from xp might not even be worth
15685
09:48:06,240 --> 09:48:07,240
it if everything's working fine with xp
15686
09:48:07,916 --> 09:48:08,916
and you don't need the extra features
15687
09:48:09,276 --> 09:48:10,276
from vista leave it on xp it's a solid
15688
09:48:11,200 --> 09:48:12,200
operating system some people don't think
15689
09:48:13,120 --> 09:48:14,120
vista was very solid
15690
09:48:14,880 --> 09:48:15,880
if for some reason you need vista
15691
09:48:17,040 --> 09:48:18,040
because perhaps you want to install some
15692
09:48:18,800 --> 09:48:19,800
new software that doesn't support xp
15693
09:48:20,640 --> 09:48:21,640
that's when you want to upgrade but
15694
09:48:21,840 --> 09:48:22,840
realize upgrading an older computer to
15695
09:48:23,520 --> 09:48:24,520
vista that runs fine on xp might start
15696
09:48:25,916 --> 09:48:26,916
running sluggish and slow on xp on vista
15697
09:48:28,640 --> 09:48:29,640
simply because the operating system
15698
09:48:30,160 --> 09:48:31,160
requires more resources
15699
09:48:32,800 --> 09:48:33,800
when you're upgrading to windows vista
15700
09:48:34,640 --> 09:48:35,640
you do it the same way as a clean
15701
09:48:36,480 --> 09:48:37,480
install so you can reboot you choose
15702
09:48:38,640 --> 09:48:39,640
install
15703
09:48:39,680 --> 09:48:40,680
you just make sure not to delete
15704
09:48:41,360 --> 09:48:42,360
anything you can also do it from within
15705
09:48:43,040 --> 09:48:44,040
windows so all the settings application
15706
09:48:46,880 --> 09:48:47,880
all the data everything remains in the
15707
09:48:48,480 --> 09:48:49,480
system partition you're not going to
15708
09:48:50,000 --> 09:48:51,000
lose any data a clean install again
15709
09:48:52,080 --> 09:48:53,080
you're going to format and delete and
15710
09:48:53,916 --> 09:48:54,916
resize the partition perhaps
15711
09:48:58,480 --> 09:48:59,480
there are four phases of the vista
15712
09:49:00,160 --> 09:49:01,160
installation process and i want to go
15713
09:49:01,680 --> 09:49:02,680
over them really briefly because some of
15714
09:49:03,200 --> 09:49:04,200
them sometimes pop up on the test the
15715
09:49:05,436 --> 09:49:06,436
first one is the down level phase okay
15716
09:49:08,480 --> 09:49:09,480
this is when you're running um running
15717
09:49:10,480 --> 09:49:11,480
from a previous operating system
15718
09:49:12,400 --> 09:49:13,400
when you start the installation dvd
15719
09:49:15,360 --> 09:49:16,360
from within windows xp that's called the
15720
09:49:17,916 --> 09:49:18,916
down level phase just remember these
15721
09:49:20,400 --> 09:49:21,400
there's really nothing uh
15722
09:49:23,040 --> 09:49:24,040
no other way to sort of remember them
15723
09:49:24,640 --> 09:49:25,640
except for just commit them to memory
15724
09:49:26,400 --> 09:49:27,400
okay so the down level phase is
15725
09:49:28,320 --> 09:49:29,320
specifically when you're starting
15726
09:49:30,480 --> 09:49:31,480
the
15727
09:49:31,840 --> 09:49:32,840
vista installation from within windows
15728
09:49:34,400 --> 09:49:35,400
xp you put the dvd in and it pops up and
15729
09:49:36,480 --> 09:49:37,480
says do you want to uh upgrade okay
15730
09:49:39,436 --> 09:49:40,436
that's the down level phase and one way
15731
09:49:40,960 --> 09:49:41,960
you can think about it is uh the
15732
09:49:42,560 --> 09:49:43,560
installation is down it hasn't started
15733
09:49:44,560 --> 09:49:45,560
yet but it's sort of about to get going
15734
09:49:46,880 --> 09:49:47,880
okay then we get to the windows
15735
09:49:48,436 --> 09:49:49,436
pre-installation environment phase
15736
09:49:51,520 --> 09:49:52,520
this occurs after the restart at the end
15737
09:49:53,916 --> 09:49:54,916
of the down level phase so you've uh
15738
09:49:56,400 --> 09:49:57,400
installed from the you've chosen to
15739
09:49:58,960 --> 09:49:59,960
install from the dvd and now you're in
15740
09:50:01,040 --> 09:50:02,040
the pre-installation environment okay if
15741
09:50:03,756 --> 09:50:04,756
you're installing to a new hard drive so
15742
09:50:06,000 --> 09:50:07,000
you're not upgrading this is occurring
15743
09:50:07,916 --> 09:50:08,916
when you first birth the boot the
15744
09:50:09,436 --> 09:50:10,436
computer into vista so when it boots
15745
09:50:11,840 --> 09:50:12,840
from when it reboots from xp that's the
15746
09:50:13,680 --> 09:50:14,680
windows pre-installation environment or
15747
09:50:16,320 --> 09:50:17,320
when you're booting the computer
15748
09:50:18,640 --> 09:50:19,640
to the vista dvd so you choose you put
15749
09:50:21,200 --> 09:50:22,200
in the dvd you start the computer it
15750
09:50:22,880 --> 09:50:23,880
says do you want to boot from the cd or
15751
09:50:24,320 --> 09:50:25,320
dvd you say yes and it boots into that
15752
09:50:26,720 --> 09:50:27,720
sort of very
15753
09:50:28,960 --> 09:50:29,960
basic installation setting area that's
15754
09:50:32,000 --> 09:50:33,000
the pre-installation environment the
15755
09:50:33,680 --> 09:50:34,680
reason they want you to know that is
15756
09:50:35,200 --> 09:50:36,200
being in the prince pre-installation
15757
09:50:36,640 --> 09:50:37,640
environment you actually have access to
15758
09:50:38,480 --> 09:50:39,480
certain diagnostic features within vista
15759
09:50:41,276 --> 09:50:42,276
and certain options for installing it
15760
09:50:45,436 --> 09:50:46,436
the third one
15761
09:50:46,880 --> 09:50:47,880
the online configuration phase this
15762
09:50:49,520 --> 09:50:50,520
starts when the user receives this
15763
09:50:51,520 --> 09:50:52,520
message okay please wait while windows
15764
09:50:53,596 --> 09:50:54,596
prepares to start for the first time so
15765
09:50:55,840 --> 09:50:56,840
you're in the windows pre-installation
15766
09:50:57,360 --> 09:50:58,360
phase it basically unpacks all the files
15767
09:51:00,560 --> 09:51:01,560
off the dvd and puts them onto the hard
15768
09:51:03,276 --> 09:51:04,276
drive at that point it then installs a
15769
09:51:06,320 --> 09:51:07,320
lot of the files and then reboots the
15770
09:51:08,480 --> 09:51:09,480
computer and you're faced with a message
15771
09:51:10,240 --> 09:51:11,240
that says please wait while windows
15772
09:51:11,680 --> 09:51:12,680
prepares to start for the first time
15773
09:51:13,680 --> 09:51:14,680
now you're on the online configuration
15774
09:51:16,400 --> 09:51:17,400
page they don't mean online like on the
15775
09:51:18,000 --> 09:51:19,000
internet they mean online the system is
15776
09:51:20,240 --> 09:51:21,240
online and ready to start being
15777
09:51:22,080 --> 09:51:23,080
configured this is when it's going to
15778
09:51:23,680 --> 09:51:24,680
ask you
15779
09:51:24,720 --> 09:51:25,720
what country you live in it's going to
15780
09:51:26,560 --> 09:51:27,560
ask you a keyboard it's going to ask you
15781
09:51:28,880 --> 09:51:29,880
all this sort of stuff uh what keyboard
15782
09:51:30,480 --> 09:51:31,480
layout excuse me okay
15783
09:51:33,276 --> 09:51:34,276
this is when the hardware support is
15784
09:51:35,276 --> 09:51:36,276
installed for the system and certain
15785
09:51:36,720 --> 09:51:37,720
configuration settings are created
15786
09:51:39,360 --> 09:51:40,360
finally you're in the windows welcome
15787
09:51:41,200 --> 09:51:42,200
phase which is where the computer name
15788
09:51:43,520 --> 09:51:44,520
is selected
15789
09:51:44,960 --> 09:51:45,960
which is where the windows assessment
15790
09:51:46,800 --> 09:51:47,800
tool otherwise known as winsat
15791
09:51:49,916 --> 09:51:50,916
checks
15792
09:51:50,880 --> 09:51:51,880
the performance
15793
09:51:52,560 --> 09:51:53,560
of the installation and make sure
15794
09:51:54,480 --> 09:51:55,480
everything's running copacetically
15795
09:51:56,720 --> 09:51:57,720
this is also the final phase before the
15796
09:51:59,360 --> 09:52:00,360
user logs on so no longer are we just
15797
09:52:01,680 --> 09:52:02,680
configuring
15798
09:52:02,960 --> 09:52:03,960
we're now in the welcome phase it's
15799
09:52:05,040 --> 09:52:06,040
basically telling you some information
15800
09:52:06,880 --> 09:52:07,880
it's assessing where the computer's at
15801
09:52:08,640 --> 09:52:09,640
and it's preparing you to get in and get
15802
09:52:10,880 --> 09:52:11,880
going
15803
09:52:14,320 --> 09:52:15,320
by the way a list of all of the log
15804
09:52:16,640 --> 09:52:17,640
files uh in all the phases in windows
15805
09:52:19,276 --> 09:52:20,276
vista is available go to this i'm
15806
09:52:22,160 --> 09:52:23,160
throwing this up here you don't need to
15807
09:52:23,120 --> 09:52:24,120
know this for a plus but in case you do
15808
09:52:24,640 --> 09:52:25,640
run into a problem during a vista
15809
09:52:26,400 --> 09:52:27,400
installation this is the website you
15810
09:52:28,320 --> 09:52:29,320
could go to uh this is in the microsoft
15811
09:52:31,200 --> 09:52:32,200
knowledge base and this will tell you
15812
09:52:33,040 --> 09:52:34,040
where all the different log files are it
15813
09:52:35,276 --> 09:52:36,276
doesn't
15814
09:52:36,400 --> 09:52:37,400
it's too long for me to list and frankly
15815
09:52:38,320 --> 09:52:39,320
it's not necessary for the a plus exam
15816
09:52:43,360 --> 09:52:44,360
so if you can't start the clean
15817
09:52:45,680 --> 09:52:46,680
installation or upgrade here are some
15818
09:52:47,200 --> 09:52:48,200
things to check first of all make sure
15819
09:52:49,596 --> 09:52:50,596
your processor speed and your memory are
15820
09:52:51,916 --> 09:52:52,916
correct make sure that they
15821
09:52:55,520 --> 09:52:56,520
meet the minimum system requirements
15822
09:52:58,080 --> 09:52:59,080
you also want to make sure you had
15823
09:52:59,276 --> 09:53:00,276
enough free disk space just like with
15824
09:53:00,720 --> 09:53:01,720
windows xp
15825
09:53:02,320 --> 09:53:03,320
check to make sure there aren't any
15826
09:53:03,520 --> 09:53:04,520
hardware conflicts or hardware issues
15827
09:53:05,520 --> 09:53:06,520
you have a hardware that does not have
15828
09:53:07,436 --> 09:53:08,436
drivers or is not compatible with
15829
09:53:08,800 --> 09:53:09,800
windows vista that could be an issue
15830
09:53:11,200 --> 09:53:12,200
and was there damage to the installation
15831
09:53:13,200 --> 09:53:14,200
media same with xp perhaps the dvd had a
15832
09:53:15,596 --> 09:53:16,596
scratch on it there were a couple
15833
09:53:17,120 --> 09:53:18,120
important files that did not make it
15834
09:53:18,800 --> 09:53:19,800
onto the hard drive during the
15835
09:53:20,160 --> 09:53:21,160
installation
15836
09:53:21,436 --> 09:53:22,436
you can always go to the microsoft
15837
09:53:22,960 --> 09:53:23,960
knowledge base a great tool all right no
15838
09:53:25,840 --> 09:53:26,840
matter actually where you are whether
15839
09:53:27,680 --> 09:53:28,680
you're in the installation phase or
15840
09:53:29,360 --> 09:53:30,360
troubleshooting whether you're losing
15841
09:53:30,880 --> 09:53:31,880
with vista 7 or xp and that's
15842
09:53:34,596 --> 09:53:35,596
support.microsoft.com and it'll give you
15843
09:53:37,120 --> 09:53:38,120
access to search the knowledge base you
15844
09:53:38,960 --> 09:53:39,960
could usually get there also by googling
15845
09:53:40,720 --> 09:53:41,720
just as an fyi
15846
09:53:44,880 --> 09:53:45,880
okay
15847
09:53:45,756 --> 09:53:46,756
so that's installing and upgrading
15848
09:53:47,680 --> 09:53:48,680
windows vista we talked about the
15849
09:53:49,276 --> 09:53:50,276
windows
15850
09:53:50,560 --> 09:53:51,560
in sorry the vista installation methods
15851
09:53:53,040 --> 09:53:54,040
those four installation phases
15852
09:53:55,436 --> 09:53:56,436
uh we looked at upgrading to vista
15853
09:53:59,200 --> 09:54:00,200
verifying and troubleshooting now we're
15854
09:54:01,120 --> 09:54:02,120
gonna spend a lot more time talking
15855
09:54:03,120 --> 09:54:04,120
about windows seven uh because there's a
15856
09:54:05,436 --> 09:54:06,436
lot more information to cover and it's
15857
09:54:07,680 --> 09:54:08,680
the most complex because when you
15858
09:54:09,520 --> 09:54:10,520
upgrade to vista you simply
15859
09:54:11,520 --> 09:54:12,520
you know put in the dvd
15860
09:54:13,596 --> 09:54:14,596
in your xp and you're ready to go the
15861
09:54:15,360 --> 09:54:16,360
problem with vista is now you have
15862
09:54:16,720 --> 09:54:17,720
multiple different versions of vista
15863
09:54:18,480 --> 09:54:19,480
don't forget we have home we have
15864
09:54:19,840 --> 09:54:20,840
business
15865
09:54:20,880 --> 09:54:21,880
we have enterprise we have ultimate
15866
09:54:23,276 --> 09:54:24,276
as a result
15867
09:54:24,560 --> 09:54:25,560
windows 7 doesn't just want to let you
15868
09:54:26,080 --> 09:54:27,080
upgrade from home to ultimate you have
15869
09:54:29,360 --> 09:54:30,360
to follow certain upgrade paths okay
15870
09:54:32,400 --> 09:54:33,400
so we're installing and upgrading to
15871
09:54:34,160 --> 09:54:35,160
windows 7. same same thing that we did
15872
09:54:36,000 --> 09:54:37,000
with the last versions we're going to
15873
09:54:37,436 --> 09:54:38,436
decide which version we want to use
15874
09:54:39,120 --> 09:54:40,120
confirm the compatibility then we're
15875
09:54:41,520 --> 09:54:42,520
going to choose the installation method
15876
09:54:43,040 --> 09:54:44,040
now notice cd is not here at all you
15877
09:54:46,000 --> 09:54:47,000
can't even install windows 7 from a cd
15878
09:54:48,160 --> 09:54:49,160
because it would require way too many
15879
09:54:49,916 --> 09:54:50,916
you can record go from a dvd you can
15880
09:54:52,320 --> 09:54:53,320
also go from a usb drive now the way you
15881
09:54:55,436 --> 09:54:56,436
do it from a usb drive is now that the
15882
09:54:57,120 --> 09:54:58,120
internet is so advanced you can download
15883
09:55:00,720 --> 09:55:01,720
from the internet almost immediately
15884
09:55:03,596 --> 09:55:04,596
uh the windows 7 image
15885
09:55:08,000 --> 09:55:09,000
okay
15886
09:55:09,040 --> 09:55:10,040
this is sort of like this image
15887
09:55:11,680 --> 09:55:12,680
but these images what they're talking
15888
09:55:13,200 --> 09:55:14,200
about images that you've created the usb
15889
09:55:15,840 --> 09:55:16,840
image is probably from a raw image
15890
09:55:18,000 --> 09:55:19,000
although you could do it from an image
15891
09:55:19,436 --> 09:55:20,436
you've created as well you plug in the
15892
09:55:21,756 --> 09:55:22,756
other reason we can do this now is you
15893
09:55:23,840 --> 09:55:24,840
you boot from a usb drive
15894
09:55:27,520 --> 09:55:28,520
so from a removable
15895
09:55:32,880 --> 09:55:33,880
usb drive which you used to not be able
15896
09:55:35,276 --> 09:55:36,276
to do now a lot of bios is allow you to
15897
09:55:38,160 --> 09:55:39,160
boot off of a usb drive
15898
09:55:41,120 --> 09:55:42,120
from an image or the network as well
15899
09:55:44,960 --> 09:55:45,960
now windows 7 installation methods um
15900
09:55:48,400 --> 09:55:49,400
we have the local installation from the
15901
09:55:50,080 --> 09:55:51,080
dvd rom i'm just going to expand upon
15902
09:55:51,756 --> 09:55:52,756
these a little more okay
15903
09:55:53,916 --> 09:55:54,916
when we're booting from the dvd this is
15904
09:55:56,160 --> 09:55:57,160
the most common i put the dvd in
15905
09:55:58,880 --> 09:55:59,880
uh it's the default type of installation
15906
09:56:02,880 --> 09:56:03,880
this is also called an
15907
09:56:04,800 --> 09:56:05,800
usually an attended installation
15908
09:56:07,680 --> 09:56:08,680
local installation because it's local
15909
09:56:09,840 --> 09:56:10,840
it's not over the network you're putting
15910
09:56:11,596 --> 09:56:12,596
a dvd on to the computer itself attended
15911
09:56:14,400 --> 09:56:15,400
installation means that you are there
15912
09:56:17,520 --> 09:56:18,520
okay you're there you're walking the
15913
09:56:20,080 --> 09:56:21,080
comp
15914
09:56:20,880 --> 09:56:21,880
you're walking the system through the
15915
09:56:22,800 --> 09:56:23,800
installation you can also have an
15916
09:56:24,560 --> 09:56:25,560
unattended installation which means that
15917
09:56:27,520 --> 09:56:28,520
you have certain settings that you have
15918
09:56:29,520 --> 09:56:30,520
pre-selected
15919
09:56:30,960 --> 09:56:31,960
and you can then just sort of let the
15920
09:56:33,200 --> 09:56:34,200
installation run and every time it asks
15921
09:56:35,120 --> 09:56:36,120
a question for the user it looks at a
15922
09:56:37,120 --> 09:56:38,120
file that you've created
15923
09:56:39,200 --> 09:56:40,200
and that file
15924
09:56:40,480 --> 09:56:41,480
tells it the answer for instance
15925
09:56:42,480 --> 09:56:43,480
what domain to join
15926
09:56:46,000 --> 09:56:47,000
there's also um
15927
09:56:48,400 --> 09:56:49,400
local installation from usb
15928
09:56:50,880 --> 09:56:51,880
this is easier than in the past as i
15929
09:56:52,880 --> 09:56:53,880
mentioned because you can purchase the
15930
09:56:55,276 --> 09:56:56,276
windows images off the internet and you
15931
09:56:57,120 --> 09:56:58,120
can download them almost immediately now
15932
09:56:59,276 --> 09:57:00,276
the bandwidth is so high off the
15933
09:57:00,960 --> 09:57:01,960
internet it's it's fast to do this it
15934
09:57:02,960 --> 09:57:03,960
doesn't take a lot of time
15935
09:57:04,560 --> 09:57:05,560
the image can be made bootable on usb
15936
09:57:07,680 --> 09:57:08,680
and then you basically
15937
09:57:09,276 --> 09:57:10,276
download this tool to do it all right so
15938
09:57:11,436 --> 09:57:12,436
this is a tool that comes when you
15939
09:57:14,240 --> 09:57:15,240
download the image you can download this
15940
09:57:16,560 --> 09:57:17,560
tool as well this tool will allow you to
15941
09:57:19,200 --> 09:57:20,200
create a bootable usb drive so this is
15942
09:57:21,840 --> 09:57:22,840
what you need a usb drive you just copy
15943
09:57:24,080 --> 09:57:25,080
the image over to usb drive it's not
15944
09:57:25,520 --> 09:57:26,520
going to work you have to make it
15945
09:57:26,960 --> 09:57:27,960
bootable
15946
09:57:29,276 --> 09:57:30,276
then you run the program and install it
15947
09:57:30,800 --> 09:57:31,800
from the usb by basically
15948
09:57:35,120 --> 09:57:36,120
popping it in and working one note here
15949
09:57:37,200 --> 09:57:38,200
you have to be an administrator in order
15950
09:57:40,160 --> 09:57:41,160
to run this program it's not going to
15951
09:57:41,840 --> 09:57:42,840
let you erase a usb drive unless you're
15952
09:57:44,240 --> 09:57:45,240
an administrator
15953
09:57:46,800 --> 09:57:47,800
the computer also has to have this is
15954
09:57:48,480 --> 09:57:49,480
just a
15955
09:57:49,680 --> 09:57:50,680
something called the net framework
15956
09:57:51,916 --> 09:57:52,916
okay which you don't really need to
15957
09:57:53,040 --> 09:57:54,040
worry about it's a set of development
15958
09:57:55,040 --> 09:57:56,040
tools
15959
09:57:56,080 --> 09:57:57,080
that windows microsoft puts out
15960
09:57:58,960 --> 09:57:59,960
and you can read more about that again
15961
09:58:00,640 --> 09:58:01,640
on their site
15962
09:58:03,756 --> 09:58:04,756
to install from a server automatically
15963
09:58:06,640 --> 09:58:07,640
you can use something called windows
15964
09:58:08,480 --> 09:58:09,480
deployment services
15965
09:58:10,560 --> 09:58:11,560
or the remote installation services
15966
09:58:13,040 --> 09:58:14,040
program
15967
09:58:14,000 --> 09:58:15,000
okay
15968
09:58:15,120 --> 09:58:16,120
you can also use something called the
15969
09:58:16,480 --> 09:58:17,480
windows system manager these are all
15970
09:58:18,880 --> 09:58:19,880
different programs that you would know
15971
09:58:20,800 --> 09:58:21,800
if you are running a server a windows
15972
09:58:23,040 --> 09:58:24,040
2008 server for instance and you can
15973
09:58:25,040 --> 09:58:26,040
look them up more online
15974
09:58:27,680 --> 09:58:28,680
the windows system image manager
15975
09:58:30,880 --> 09:58:31,880
is part of what's called the windows
15976
09:58:32,720 --> 09:58:33,720
automated installation kit or aik it
15977
09:58:35,840 --> 09:58:36,840
allows you to create multiple images
15978
09:58:38,560 --> 09:58:39,560
that then you could deploy here's the
15979
09:58:40,560 --> 09:58:41,560
reason you would want to do that
15980
09:58:42,400 --> 09:58:43,400
let's say i have a thousand different
15981
09:58:44,400 --> 09:58:45,400
computers and i want to install windows
15982
09:58:46,080 --> 09:58:47,080
7 on them i also have
15983
09:58:48,960 --> 09:58:49,960
10 different models of computer of those
15984
09:58:50,960 --> 09:58:51,960
a thousand so let's say i have a hundred
15985
09:58:52,640 --> 09:58:53,640
of ten different models some are dells
15986
09:58:54,240 --> 09:58:55,240
some are gateways some are acers some
15987
09:58:56,000 --> 09:58:57,000
are hp's whatever
15988
09:58:57,840 --> 09:58:58,840
instead of having to sit there and run
15989
09:59:00,000 --> 09:59:01,000
through each one what i do is i go onto
15990
09:59:02,560 --> 09:59:03,560
each computer and i create an image
15991
09:59:06,000 --> 09:59:07,000
i install windows i set all the settings
15992
09:59:08,000 --> 09:59:09,000
correctly i install all the drivers
15993
09:59:10,160 --> 09:59:11,160
now that should be the same independent
15994
09:59:13,040 --> 09:59:14,040
of the version that i'm uh independent
15995
09:59:15,040 --> 09:59:16,040
of the computer i have meaning that if i
15996
09:59:17,756 --> 09:59:18,756
have a hundred models of the same
15997
09:59:19,596 --> 09:59:20,596
computer they should all have basically
15998
09:59:21,756 --> 09:59:22,756
the same uh same drivers same hardware
15999
09:59:23,916 --> 09:59:24,916
etc
16000
09:59:25,200 --> 09:59:26,200
so i create an image i load it onto my
16001
09:59:28,560 --> 09:59:29,560
system image manager which is on my
16002
09:59:30,880 --> 09:59:31,880
server and then i use a windows
16003
09:59:33,360 --> 09:59:34,360
automated installation kit to deploy
16004
09:59:35,680 --> 09:59:36,680
that installation
16005
09:59:37,360 --> 09:59:38,360
it's a little complex and you don't need
16006
09:59:39,360 --> 09:59:40,360
to know the ins and outs of this for the
16007
09:59:40,880 --> 09:59:41,880
exam just know that it exists
16008
09:59:46,000 --> 09:59:47,000
if i want to install from a disk image
16009
09:59:49,436 --> 09:59:50,436
this is a previous uh and another thing
16010
09:59:52,000 --> 09:59:53,000
i just want to point out not only with
16011
09:59:53,120 --> 09:59:54,120
images you only want to create that in
16012
09:59:54,480 --> 09:59:55,480
enterprise settings but there's also a
16013
09:59:56,160 --> 09:59:57,160
system restore image which we'll talk
16014
09:59:57,756 --> 09:59:58,756
about in a bit
16015
09:59:59,040 --> 10:00:00,040
basically i can create a backup of my
16016
10:00:01,520 --> 10:00:02,520
computer that's a snapshot of the entire
16017
10:00:03,756 --> 10:00:04,756
computer
16018
10:00:05,916 --> 10:00:06,916
so
16019
10:00:07,200 --> 10:00:08,200
i need to have a
16020
10:00:09,040 --> 10:00:10,040
identical computer that i'm restoring
16021
10:00:11,436 --> 10:00:12,436
from into i can't restore from my
16022
10:00:14,000 --> 10:00:15,000
uh dell to my acer computer because i
16023
10:00:16,320 --> 10:00:17,320
don't have different hardware so you
16024
10:00:17,436 --> 10:00:18,436
need to make sure the images are exactly
16025
10:00:19,436 --> 10:00:20,436
the same
16026
10:00:20,800 --> 10:00:21,800
the h the new hard drive needs to be at
16027
10:00:23,276 --> 10:00:24,276
least as large as the original system
16028
10:00:25,596 --> 10:00:26,596
and to avoid security identif identifier
16029
10:00:28,960 --> 10:00:29,960
conflicts meaning when i go to
16030
10:00:31,840 --> 10:00:32,840
authenticate windows on the internet
16031
10:00:34,560 --> 10:00:35,560
it's going to say wait you've already
16032
10:00:35,916 --> 10:00:36,916
installed this uh this version it's not
16033
10:00:38,160 --> 10:00:39,160
going to let me authenticate to avoid
16034
10:00:39,756 --> 10:00:40,756
that you want to get this tool it's
16035
10:00:41,840 --> 10:00:42,840
called sysprep
16036
10:00:43,596 --> 10:00:44,596
and you can find it in windows system32
16037
10:00:47,276 --> 10:00:48,276
folder it's always there it's installed
16038
10:00:49,520 --> 10:00:50,520
automatically play with it if you'd like
16039
10:00:52,240 --> 10:00:53,240
so the sysprep utility allows you to
16040
10:00:54,240 --> 10:00:55,240
create an image
16041
10:00:56,480 --> 10:00:57,480
which is basically a a
16042
10:00:59,520 --> 10:01:00,520
snapshot of the entire computer with all
16043
10:01:03,120 --> 10:01:04,120
the data on it
16044
10:01:04,560 --> 10:01:05,560
and then package it up to install it on
16045
10:01:07,360 --> 10:01:08,360
other computers alternatively you might
16046
10:01:09,276 --> 10:01:10,276
want to do this for your own computer
16047
10:01:10,640 --> 10:01:11,640
god forbid something happens to it you
16048
10:01:12,720 --> 10:01:13,720
can easily restore
16049
10:01:18,080 --> 10:01:19,080
if i want to restore from a install from
16050
10:01:20,240 --> 10:01:21,240
a recovery disk uh something that wasn't
16051
10:01:22,880 --> 10:01:23,880
in one of those installation methods we
16052
10:01:24,320 --> 10:01:25,320
message we mentioned earlier because
16053
10:01:26,080 --> 10:01:27,080
it's specifically for recovering from
16054
10:01:28,320 --> 10:01:29,320
perhaps a problem
16055
10:01:29,840 --> 10:01:30,840
um you generally have a hidden partition
16056
10:01:32,400 --> 10:01:33,400
or a recovery disk you've created in
16057
10:01:34,080 --> 10:01:35,080
windows which we'll talk about
16058
10:01:36,400 --> 10:01:37,400
and
16059
10:01:37,840 --> 10:01:38,840
this creates a
16060
10:01:40,000 --> 10:01:41,000
diagnostic tool that you can go into and
16061
10:01:42,560 --> 10:01:43,560
recover everything that you had off of
16062
10:01:45,120 --> 10:01:46,120
okay so
16063
10:01:46,480 --> 10:01:47,480
returns the computer back to the state
16064
10:01:48,240 --> 10:01:49,240
when you first received it this is
16065
10:01:50,000 --> 10:01:51,000
generally installed by the manufacturer
16066
10:01:53,200 --> 10:01:54,200
and one reason i put this in here
16067
10:01:57,840 --> 10:01:58,840
is because you sometimes get a question
16068
10:02:00,080 --> 10:02:01,080
on the exam that says something to the
16069
10:02:02,240 --> 10:02:03,240
effect of
16070
10:02:04,000 --> 10:02:05,000
i have a
16071
10:02:05,680 --> 10:02:06,680
hard drive
16072
10:02:07,040 --> 10:02:08,040
and on that hard drive i see a random
16073
10:02:10,000 --> 10:02:11,000
partition that i have never created i've
16074
10:02:12,000 --> 10:02:13,000
never accessed and i don't know what
16075
10:02:13,756 --> 10:02:14,756
it's doing there
16076
10:02:15,756 --> 10:02:16,756
what in fact has happened is the
16077
10:02:17,200 --> 10:02:18,200
manufacturer has installed a system
16078
10:02:19,596 --> 10:02:20,596
restore partition that you can access to
16079
10:02:23,360 --> 10:02:24,360
restore your computer
16080
10:02:26,240 --> 10:02:27,240
now if the operating system fails when
16081
10:02:28,320 --> 10:02:29,320
you install it you can return it to the
16082
10:02:31,200 --> 10:02:32,200
factory state
16083
10:02:34,560 --> 10:02:35,560
and the data won't be compromised when
16084
10:02:37,680 --> 10:02:38,680
you do this system restore you want to
16085
10:02:39,680 --> 10:02:40,680
double check that based on the
16086
10:02:40,800 --> 10:02:41,800
manufacturer
16087
10:02:42,800 --> 10:02:43,800
you can also do what's called a
16088
10:02:44,480 --> 10:02:45,480
multi-boot multi-boot means you install
16089
10:02:47,360 --> 10:02:48,360
multiple operating systems on one
16090
10:02:48,960 --> 10:02:49,960
computer so you can choose which
16091
10:02:51,120 --> 10:02:52,120
operating system to boot into this is
16092
10:02:53,200 --> 10:02:54,200
two or more operating systems on the
16093
10:02:54,400 --> 10:02:55,400
same hard drive for instance i want
16094
10:02:55,756 --> 10:02:56,756
windows 7 and windows vista this is
16095
10:02:58,720 --> 10:02:59,720
called dual booting or tri booting etc
16096
10:03:01,040 --> 10:03:02,040
quad booting if you have four versions
16097
10:03:02,880 --> 10:03:03,880
you generally want to do this if you
16098
10:03:04,000 --> 10:03:05,000
have a really powerful machine the other
16099
10:03:05,916 --> 10:03:06,916
thing is it's it you have to reboot
16100
10:03:07,360 --> 10:03:08,360
every time you want to go into the next
16101
10:03:08,800 --> 10:03:09,800
version of windows
16102
10:03:12,880 --> 10:03:13,880
now
16103
10:03:13,680 --> 10:03:14,680
upgrading to windows 7 is a little more
16104
10:03:15,436 --> 10:03:16,436
complex than the ver the previous
16105
10:03:18,000 --> 10:03:19,000
versions it's done essentially in the
16106
10:03:20,080 --> 10:03:21,080
same way it goes through the same
16107
10:03:21,360 --> 10:03:22,360
process as a clean install
16108
10:03:23,360 --> 10:03:24,360
but it can be done directly from windows
16109
10:03:25,520 --> 10:03:26,520
vista you don't have to restart from the
16110
10:03:27,120 --> 10:03:28,120
dvd you pop in the dvd into windows
16111
10:03:29,596 --> 10:03:30,596
vista and it pops up and says do you
16112
10:03:31,520 --> 10:03:32,520
want to upgrade and you say yes
16113
10:03:34,160 --> 10:03:35,160
this
16114
10:03:35,120 --> 10:03:36,120
is pretty easy on vista on windows xp
16115
10:03:37,520 --> 10:03:38,520
requires a little more effort because
16116
10:03:39,756 --> 10:03:40,756
it's an older system so you have to do a
16117
10:03:42,000 --> 10:03:43,000
little more
16118
10:03:43,520 --> 10:03:44,520
if the upgrade is a success
16119
10:03:45,840 --> 10:03:46,840
then the settings applications user
16120
10:03:47,916 --> 10:03:48,916
files are all kept in place
16121
10:03:50,080 --> 10:03:51,080
but i would always recommend backing up
16122
10:03:52,160 --> 10:03:53,160
your files just in case you would hate
16123
10:03:54,160 --> 10:03:55,160
to
16124
10:03:55,680 --> 10:03:56,680
you know be in trouble
16125
10:03:57,916 --> 10:03:58,916
you also want to confirm the operating
16126
10:03:59,596 --> 10:04:00,596
system is compatible by using the
16127
10:04:01,120 --> 10:04:02,120
windows upgrade advisor which can be
16128
10:04:03,680 --> 10:04:04,680
used if you uh click the check
16129
10:04:05,840 --> 10:04:06,840
compatibility online button when you
16130
10:04:08,480 --> 10:04:09,480
put the windows 7 dvd into your windows
16131
10:04:10,720 --> 10:04:11,720
vista system
16132
10:04:13,520 --> 10:04:14,520
the windows compatibility center is also
16133
10:04:15,680 --> 10:04:16,680
a website online you can go to we've
16134
10:04:17,436 --> 10:04:18,436
talked about that it used to be called
16135
10:04:19,436 --> 10:04:20,436
the hardware control list our hardware
16136
10:04:21,596 --> 10:04:22,596
compatibility list excuse me
16137
10:04:26,960 --> 10:04:27,960
only windows vista can upgrade directly
16138
10:04:29,360 --> 10:04:30,360
to 7. with windows xp that's why it
16139
10:04:31,596 --> 10:04:32,596
takes a little more work
16140
10:04:33,276 --> 10:04:34,276
the other thing is you have to have
16141
10:04:35,120 --> 10:04:36,120
service pack one or two and we'll talk
16142
10:04:37,040 --> 10:04:38,040
about what a service pack is if you
16143
10:04:38,400 --> 10:04:39,400
don't know what that is that's okay
16144
10:04:40,720 --> 10:04:41,720
we'll talk about that a little later but
16145
10:04:42,160 --> 10:04:43,160
you have to have service pack one or two
16146
10:04:43,840 --> 10:04:44,840
installed prior to uh
16147
10:04:46,800 --> 10:04:47,800
upgrading from to windows 7. you insert
16148
10:04:50,320 --> 10:04:51,320
the dvd into it into the windows vista
16149
10:04:52,880 --> 10:04:53,880
operating system you select the upgrade
16150
10:04:54,960 --> 10:04:55,960
option and it works
16151
10:04:57,596 --> 10:04:58,596
these are the paths that you have to go
16152
10:04:59,360 --> 10:05:00,360
on and you'll see what i mean
16153
10:05:01,120 --> 10:05:02,120
you can take vista business to
16154
10:05:03,276 --> 10:05:04,276
professional
16155
10:05:04,400 --> 10:05:05,400
enterprise or
16156
10:05:06,240 --> 10:05:07,240
ultimate these are all windows 7.
16157
10:05:10,240 --> 10:05:11,240
so if i want to upgrade
16158
10:05:13,040 --> 10:05:14,040
to windows 7 professional i must have
16159
10:05:16,400 --> 10:05:17,400
windows vista or higher windows vista
16160
10:05:19,276 --> 10:05:20,276
home will not allow me to upgrade to
16161
10:05:21,596 --> 10:05:22,596
windows professional okay
16162
10:05:24,080 --> 10:05:25,080
windows vista enterprise will only
16163
10:05:26,160 --> 10:05:27,160
upgrade to enterprise
16164
10:05:28,240 --> 10:05:29,240
not to any of the others
16165
10:05:30,240 --> 10:05:31,240
the home basic will only go to home
16166
10:05:32,080 --> 10:05:33,080
basic home premium or ultimate it will
16167
10:05:34,560 --> 10:05:35,560
not go to professional these are
16168
10:05:37,120 --> 10:05:38,120
probably the most important things you
16169
10:05:38,560 --> 10:05:39,560
want to pay attention to
16170
10:05:41,040 --> 10:05:42,040
okay on this in this entire presentation
16171
10:05:43,680 --> 10:05:44,680
because this is probably the questions
16172
10:05:44,880 --> 10:05:45,880
you're going to get
16173
10:05:46,560 --> 10:05:47,560
home premium can go to home premium or
16174
10:05:48,640 --> 10:05:49,640
ultimate it will knock downgrade to
16175
10:05:50,560 --> 10:05:51,560
basic
16176
10:05:51,520 --> 10:05:52,520
you see why i paying attention i'm going
16177
10:05:53,200 --> 10:05:54,200
to clear everything out so you can just
16178
10:05:54,800 --> 10:05:55,800
pay attention
16179
10:05:56,080 --> 10:05:57,080
to these upgrade paths this i would
16180
10:05:57,916 --> 10:05:58,916
write down and memorize because this is
16181
10:06:01,040 --> 10:06:02,040
the questions you're going to get on the
16182
10:06:02,240 --> 10:06:03,240
exam
16183
10:06:04,880 --> 10:06:05,880
finally windows vista ultimate can go to
16184
10:06:07,756 --> 10:06:08,756
windows 7 uh ultimate sometimes you
16185
10:06:10,400 --> 10:06:11,400
can't downgrade so i can't take windows
16186
10:06:12,240 --> 10:06:13,240
vista ultimate and upgrade to windows
16187
10:06:14,400 --> 10:06:15,400
vista professional i must upgrade to
16188
10:06:16,160 --> 10:06:17,160
windows vista ultimate
16189
10:06:17,840 --> 10:06:18,840
memorize this list this is the most
16190
10:06:19,840 --> 10:06:20,840
important uh aspect of
16191
10:06:22,240 --> 10:06:23,240
the entire uh this entire lesson okay
16192
10:06:28,560 --> 10:06:29,560
if you want to upgrade a non-vista to 7
16193
10:06:32,080 --> 10:06:33,080
you have to back up all your data prior
16194
10:06:33,840 --> 10:06:34,840
to the upgrade and then do a customer
16195
10:06:36,720 --> 10:06:37,720
advanced installation so like going from
16196
10:06:39,436 --> 10:06:40,436
xp is going to require that
16197
10:06:41,436 --> 10:06:42,436
then you have to reinstall reinstall any
16198
10:06:44,080 --> 10:06:45,080
of your applications after the upgrade
16199
10:06:45,916 --> 10:06:46,916
doesn't mean it's necessarily going to
16200
10:06:47,436 --> 10:06:48,436
wipe the hard drive all those this says
16201
10:06:49,680 --> 10:06:50,680
it's going to but what it means is that
16202
10:06:51,596 --> 10:06:52,596
the applications aren't going to work
16203
10:06:53,120 --> 10:06:54,120
once you install them
16204
10:06:54,840 --> 10:06:55,840
anyway you can also restore all data
16205
10:06:57,436 --> 10:06:58,436
files uh through there's a method it
16206
10:06:59,680 --> 10:07:00,680
does that but again i would always back
16207
10:07:01,840 --> 10:07:02,840
up just in case
16208
10:07:03,840 --> 10:07:04,840
you can use what's called the windows
16209
10:07:05,840 --> 10:07:06,840
easy transfer tool which we'll talk
16210
10:07:07,840 --> 10:07:08,840
about in a little bit
16211
10:07:09,520 --> 10:07:10,520
which is allowing the backup and
16212
10:07:11,916 --> 10:07:12,916
restoration of files the windows easy
16213
10:07:14,240 --> 10:07:15,240
transfer tool okay now we talked about
16214
10:07:17,520 --> 10:07:18,520
32-bit and 64-bit processors i want to
16215
10:07:19,916 --> 10:07:20,916
give you just a little bit of
16216
10:07:20,800 --> 10:07:21,800
information about that when it comes to
16217
10:07:22,320 --> 10:07:23,320
windows
16218
10:07:23,596 --> 10:07:24,596
32-bit versions of windows
16219
10:07:26,000 --> 10:07:27,000
can not
16220
10:07:27,200 --> 10:07:28,200
upgrade to 64-bit versions this is an
16221
10:07:30,320 --> 10:07:31,320
important distinction
16222
10:07:32,080 --> 10:07:33,080
windows 32-bit versions cannot upgrade
16223
10:07:34,400 --> 10:07:35,400
to 64-bit versions
16224
10:07:37,436 --> 10:07:38,436
and the 32-bit or 64
16225
10:07:40,160 --> 10:07:41,160
64-bit version can be installed on a
16226
10:07:42,800 --> 10:07:43,800
64-bit processor so only because i have
16227
10:07:44,880 --> 10:07:45,880
a 64-bit processor does not mean i have
16228
10:07:46,640 --> 10:07:47,640
to use a 32-bit operating system of
16229
10:07:48,400 --> 10:07:49,400
course i would recommend using a 32-bit
16230
10:07:50,000 --> 10:07:51,000
operating system to take full advantage
16231
10:07:52,000 --> 10:07:53,000
of that processor
16232
10:07:54,640 --> 10:07:55,640
finally a 32-bit version a processor
16233
10:07:57,200 --> 10:07:58,200
will only accept a 32-bit operating
16234
10:07:59,436 --> 10:08:00,436
system it will not accept a 64-bit
16235
10:08:03,360 --> 10:08:04,360
an anytime upgrade
16236
10:08:05,360 --> 10:08:06,360
is an upgrade from one vision uh one
16237
10:08:07,596 --> 10:08:08,596
version of windows 7 to a more advanced
16238
10:08:09,840 --> 10:08:10,840
version okay so if you see anytime
16239
10:08:12,320 --> 10:08:13,320
upgrade that means you're upgrading from
16240
10:08:14,240 --> 10:08:15,240
say windows 7 home to windows 7
16241
10:08:16,160 --> 10:08:17,160
professional
16242
10:08:17,360 --> 10:08:18,360
it does not require a disk a physical
16243
10:08:19,680 --> 10:08:20,680
disk or a download see this is where
16244
10:08:21,120 --> 10:08:22,120
they get you
16245
10:08:22,320 --> 10:08:23,320
what they do
16246
10:08:24,000 --> 10:08:25,000
is
16247
10:08:25,040 --> 10:08:26,040
basically make you pay a little extra
16248
10:08:26,800 --> 10:08:27,800
and you unlock
16249
10:08:28,560 --> 10:08:29,560
what's already installed or already on
16250
10:08:30,640 --> 10:08:31,640
the disk that you have
16251
10:08:32,560 --> 10:08:33,560
so you purchase an upgrade key and then
16252
10:08:34,800 --> 10:08:35,800
you unlock it
16253
10:08:36,320 --> 10:08:37,320
this is what an anytime upgrade is i
16254
10:08:38,400 --> 10:08:39,400
would pay attention to that because
16255
10:08:39,756 --> 10:08:40,756
that's going to be on the exam as well
16256
10:08:42,640 --> 10:08:43,640
the anytime upgrade paths allow you to
16257
10:08:44,880 --> 10:08:45,880
go from home basic to premium
16258
10:08:46,560 --> 10:08:47,560
professional or ultimate or from home
16259
10:08:48,960 --> 10:08:49,960
premium to professional ultimate or from
16260
10:08:50,800 --> 10:08:51,800
professional to ultimate
16261
10:08:52,960 --> 10:08:53,960
okay
16262
10:08:54,160 --> 10:08:55,160
these i would pay attention to as well
16263
10:08:55,840 --> 10:08:56,840
although these sort of make sense if you
16264
10:08:58,000 --> 10:08:59,000
think about them
16265
10:09:00,400 --> 10:09:01,400
you can also go from starter to any of
16266
10:09:02,560 --> 10:09:03,560
the others again you don't need to get
16267
10:09:04,320 --> 10:09:05,320
another disk you don't need to buy
16268
10:09:05,680 --> 10:09:06,680
anything different you just go online
16269
10:09:07,596 --> 10:09:08,596
you pay a lot of money or a little money
16270
10:09:09,276 --> 10:09:10,276
whichever version you're doing and you
16271
10:09:11,276 --> 10:09:12,276
unlock the extra features you do
16272
10:09:13,276 --> 10:09:14,276
sometimes have to have the original dvd
16273
10:09:18,560 --> 10:09:19,560
a repair in place upgrade
16274
10:09:21,436 --> 10:09:22,436
this is the last resort before doing a
16275
10:09:23,436 --> 10:09:24,436
complete reinstall of the operating
16276
10:09:24,880 --> 10:09:25,880
system if you're having major issues
16277
10:09:26,880 --> 10:09:27,880
with your operating system
16278
10:09:28,560 --> 10:09:29,560
so let's say you've had some really
16279
10:09:30,400 --> 10:09:31,400
major issues we're going to talk about
16280
10:09:31,756 --> 10:09:32,756
troubleshooting windows in a bit
16281
10:09:33,680 --> 10:09:34,680
but you just can't figure out what the
16282
10:09:34,960 --> 10:09:35,960
problem is you can do what's called a
16283
10:09:36,560 --> 10:09:37,560
repair in place upgrade
16284
10:09:38,640 --> 10:09:39,640
this is also known as a repair
16285
10:09:40,160 --> 10:09:41,160
installation
16286
10:09:41,360 --> 10:09:42,360
and what it does is um it basically
16287
10:09:45,120 --> 10:09:46,120
wipes all the system files from the
16288
10:09:46,800 --> 10:09:47,800
computer and overwrites them with a new
16289
10:09:49,120 --> 10:09:50,120
windows operating system you should not
16290
10:09:51,520 --> 10:09:52,520
lose any of your data
16291
10:09:53,436 --> 10:09:54,436
however
16292
10:09:55,120 --> 10:09:56,120
you probably will lose some
16293
10:09:56,240 --> 10:09:57,240
functionality so it's something you
16294
10:09:58,000 --> 10:09:59,000
don't want to do until you absolutely
16295
10:09:59,276 --> 10:10:00,276
need to
16296
10:10:00,320 --> 10:10:01,320
the last thing you want to do is wipe
16297
10:10:01,840 --> 10:10:02,840
the system and start from scratch doing
16298
10:10:04,240 --> 10:10:05,240
a fresh install
16299
10:10:06,480 --> 10:10:07,480
now of course you want to get in and
16300
10:10:08,160 --> 10:10:09,160
verify and troubleshoot verify windows 7
16301
10:10:11,120 --> 10:10:12,120
installation
16302
10:10:14,240 --> 10:10:15,240
test the installation or the upgrade by
16303
10:10:17,040 --> 10:10:18,040
navigating through windows
16304
10:10:19,596 --> 10:10:20,596
accessing those administrative functions
16305
10:10:21,916 --> 10:10:22,916
connecting to the internet just like
16306
10:10:23,436 --> 10:10:24,436
with xp and vista you also want to make
16307
10:10:26,080 --> 10:10:27,080
sure windows is working normally you
16308
10:10:28,000 --> 10:10:29,000
should be able to update the system if
16309
10:10:29,756 --> 10:10:30,756
it is and you should be able to install
16310
10:10:32,320 --> 10:10:33,320
the latest service pack and updates
16311
10:10:35,120 --> 10:10:36,120
if the installation fails for any reason
16312
10:10:38,080 --> 10:10:39,080
look at the log files i gave you a
16313
10:10:41,360 --> 10:10:42,360
knowledge base site earlier that you can
16314
10:10:43,596 --> 10:10:44,596
look at and find out more about what
16315
10:10:45,916 --> 10:10:46,916
went wrong and i would google that
16316
10:10:47,520 --> 10:10:48,520
problem generally speaking
16317
10:10:49,756 --> 10:10:50,756
it's probably either because
16318
10:10:52,400 --> 10:10:53,400
one of the files if you're upgrading one
16319
10:10:54,080 --> 10:10:55,080
of the system files was corrupt or
16320
10:10:57,436 --> 10:10:58,436
something is wrong with the media or
16321
10:10:58,800 --> 10:10:59,800
even with your hard drive
16322
10:11:01,200 --> 10:11:02,200
if you cannot start a clean installation
16323
10:11:03,360 --> 10:11:04,360
or upgrade
16324
10:11:04,640 --> 10:11:05,640
check your processor speed and memory
16325
10:11:06,400 --> 10:11:07,400
size
16326
10:11:07,276 --> 10:11:08,276
make sure the type and version are
16327
10:11:08,960 --> 10:11:09,960
correct and work with the
16328
10:11:11,520 --> 10:11:12,520
hardware requirements you have make sure
16329
10:11:13,680 --> 10:11:14,680
you have enough disks disk space
16330
10:11:16,640 --> 10:11:17,640
check for hardware conflicts and
16331
10:11:18,160 --> 10:11:19,160
hardware issues
16332
10:11:19,756 --> 10:11:20,756
and check for damage to the installation
16333
10:11:21,840 --> 10:11:22,840
method uh media rather
16334
10:11:24,160 --> 10:11:25,160
all right so now we've talked about
16335
10:11:26,000 --> 10:11:27,000
installing and upgrading windows 7
16336
10:11:27,680 --> 10:11:28,680
including the installation methods
16337
10:11:29,916 --> 10:11:30,916
upgrading to windows 7 the vista set to
16338
10:11:32,800 --> 10:11:33,800
7 upgrade paths anytime upgrades
16339
10:11:36,400 --> 10:11:37,400
repair and place upgrades
16340
10:11:38,480 --> 10:11:39,480
and verifying and troubleshooting
16341
10:11:40,720 --> 10:11:41,720
a lot of information here again a lot of
16342
10:11:42,960 --> 10:11:43,960
this i'm covering because some of it's
16343
10:11:45,120 --> 10:11:46,120
on the exam i pointed out the relative
16344
10:11:47,916 --> 10:11:48,916
pertinent point so let's look at this
16345
10:11:49,436 --> 10:11:50,436
first of all installing and upgrading to
16346
10:11:50,960 --> 10:11:51,960
windows xp you're probably not gonna
16347
10:11:54,880 --> 10:11:55,880
you're probably not gonna encounter a
16348
10:11:56,080 --> 10:11:57,080
lot of this on the exam if you do it's
16349
10:11:58,000 --> 10:11:59,000
probably actually gonna relate to having
16350
10:11:59,520 --> 10:12:00,520
to press that f6 button when you're
16351
10:12:01,840 --> 10:12:02,840
installing scuzzy drivers which we did
16352
10:12:03,840 --> 10:12:04,840
talk about when we talked about storage
16353
10:12:06,160 --> 10:12:07,160
installation methods include cd image
16354
10:12:09,040 --> 10:12:10,040
network
16355
10:12:10,080 --> 10:12:11,080
verifying and troubleshooting you want
16356
10:12:11,596 --> 10:12:12,596
to make sure everything works if it's
16357
10:12:13,200 --> 10:12:14,200
not working it's probably the media
16358
10:12:15,596 --> 10:12:16,596
installing and upgrading to windows
16359
10:12:17,120 --> 10:12:18,120
vista including the vista installation
16360
10:12:19,276 --> 10:12:20,276
methods here we add dvd to the mix
16361
10:12:22,480 --> 10:12:23,480
the installation phases the one i would
16362
10:12:24,400 --> 10:12:25,400
pay the most attention to is the
16363
10:12:26,480 --> 10:12:27,480
pre-installation phase which is that
16364
10:12:29,040 --> 10:12:30,040
first phase you're in when you boot to
16365
10:12:30,960 --> 10:12:31,960
the dvd
16366
10:12:32,720 --> 10:12:33,720
upgrading to vista is as easy as either
16367
10:12:34,640 --> 10:12:35,640
rebooting and choosing uh
16368
10:12:37,596 --> 10:12:38,596
an upgrade path or
16369
10:12:39,916 --> 10:12:40,916
putting the dvd in while you're in xp
16370
10:12:42,400 --> 10:12:43,400
and verifying and troubleshooting just
16371
10:12:44,080 --> 10:12:45,080
like we did with xp with windows 7 we
16372
10:12:47,840 --> 10:12:48,840
had a little bit more to talk about
16373
10:12:49,840 --> 10:12:50,840
remember
16374
10:12:51,040 --> 10:12:52,040
here we added
16375
10:12:52,480 --> 10:12:53,480
usb
16376
10:12:54,240 --> 10:12:55,240
not just dvd like we did over here on
16377
10:12:56,640 --> 10:12:57,640
vista
16378
10:12:59,040 --> 10:13:00,040
we talked about upgrading to windows 7
16379
10:13:01,840 --> 10:13:02,840
which had all those different vista
16380
10:13:03,680 --> 10:13:04,680
paths remember
16381
10:13:06,560 --> 10:13:07,560
go over that list again and look at you
16382
10:13:08,880 --> 10:13:09,880
can only upgrade from say vista home to
16383
10:13:12,400 --> 10:13:13,400
windows home you can't go to business
16384
10:13:14,560 --> 10:13:15,560
from home to professional
16385
10:13:16,720 --> 10:13:17,720
anytime upgrades means you can purchase
16386
10:13:21,520 --> 10:13:22,520
a key
16387
10:13:24,400 --> 10:13:25,400
to unlock additional features basically
16388
10:13:32,720 --> 10:13:33,720
a repair in place upgrade which will
16389
10:13:35,276 --> 10:13:36,276
allow you it's a last resort if you're
16390
10:13:37,520 --> 10:13:38,520
having a problem with the operating
16391
10:13:39,200 --> 10:13:40,200
system while you're in it it'll install
16392
10:13:41,200 --> 10:13:42,200
again all those system files and then
16393
10:13:43,520 --> 10:13:44,520
verifying and troubleshooting just like
16394
10:13:45,200 --> 10:13:46,200
we have with everything
16395
10:13:47,040 --> 10:13:48,040
all right now let's get into some more
16396
10:13:49,360 --> 10:13:50,360
information about windows some tools
16397
10:13:51,596 --> 10:13:52,596
we're going to be talking a lot about
16398
10:13:52,720 --> 10:13:53,720
windows so let's just keep trucking
16399
10:13:54,320 --> 10:13:55,320
along here talking about windows how it
16400
10:13:56,880 --> 10:13:57,880
works settings configurations etc
16401
10:14:03,420 --> 10:14:04,420
[Music]
16402
10:14:23,916 --> 10:14:24,916
windows migration and customization
16403
10:14:27,840 --> 10:14:28,840
so once you've installed windows you
16404
10:14:30,640 --> 10:14:31,640
want to make sure that all of your
16405
10:14:31,916 --> 10:14:32,916
settings are either ported over from a
16406
10:14:33,916 --> 10:14:34,916
previous version say an upgrade for a
16407
10:14:36,640 --> 10:14:37,640
situation or you want to make sure that
16408
10:14:38,640 --> 10:14:39,640
you can customize the operating system
16409
10:14:40,480 --> 10:14:41,480
to fit your specific needs so we're
16410
10:14:43,276 --> 10:14:44,276
going to talk a little bit about how you
16411
10:14:45,360 --> 10:14:46,360
migrate your settings over to a version
16412
10:14:47,520 --> 10:14:48,520
of windows from say a previous version
16413
10:14:49,120 --> 10:14:50,120
or another computer and how you can
16414
10:14:51,200 --> 10:14:52,200
customize the system then some of the
16415
10:14:52,960 --> 10:14:53,960
specific customizations that the a plus
16416
10:14:55,276 --> 10:14:56,276
exam wants you to know about
16417
10:14:57,276 --> 10:14:58,276
so we're going to talk about migrating
16418
10:14:59,040 --> 10:15:00,040
use of data including
16419
10:15:00,880 --> 10:15:01,880
the windows easy transfer tool which is
16420
10:15:03,360 --> 10:15:04,360
provided by microsoft specifically for
16421
10:15:05,360 --> 10:15:06,360
that the user state migration tool or
16422
10:15:08,000 --> 10:15:09,000
usmt which is a
16423
10:15:10,480 --> 10:15:11,480
tool used more for
16424
10:15:13,120 --> 10:15:14,120
large deployments of windows
16425
10:15:15,756 --> 10:15:16,756
and then we'll just briefly talk about
16426
10:15:17,680 --> 10:15:18,680
the fast wizard
16427
10:15:19,520 --> 10:15:20,520
files and settings transfer which was if
16428
10:15:22,720 --> 10:15:23,720
used in windows xp before we really had
16429
10:15:25,596 --> 10:15:26,596
windows vista and windows 7 which
16430
10:15:27,276 --> 10:15:28,276
brought around windows easy transfer
16431
10:15:29,596 --> 10:15:30,596
then we'll talk about some of the
16432
10:15:31,276 --> 10:15:32,276
particular ways you can customize the
16433
10:15:32,960 --> 10:15:33,960
user environment
16434
10:15:34,480 --> 10:15:35,480
including reverting to classic mode
16435
10:15:36,800 --> 10:15:37,800
disabling visual effects such as arrow
16436
10:15:39,436 --> 10:15:40,436
which we'll talk about later as well the
16437
10:15:41,680 --> 10:15:42,680
task scheduler to run certain tasks over
16438
10:15:44,720 --> 10:15:45,720
and over again
16439
10:15:46,320 --> 10:15:47,320
and region and language options
16440
10:15:48,000 --> 10:15:49,000
depending on where you're at
16441
10:15:49,680 --> 10:15:50,680
then we'll look at a couple of the
16442
10:15:50,800 --> 10:15:51,800
advanced tools we'll talk more about
16443
10:15:52,880 --> 10:15:53,880
some of these when we get into
16444
10:15:54,000 --> 10:15:55,000
troubleshooting as well we'll look at
16445
10:15:55,840 --> 10:15:56,840
the windows registry which is really the
16446
10:15:57,436 --> 10:15:58,436
heart of windows and one of the things
16447
10:15:58,880 --> 10:15:59,880
that sets it apart from other operating
16448
10:16:00,800 --> 10:16:01,800
systems including hives which is how the
16449
10:16:03,840 --> 10:16:04,840
windows registry is organized
16450
10:16:05,916 --> 10:16:06,916
we'll look at remote desktop
16451
10:16:08,160 --> 10:16:09,160
both remote assistance and remote
16452
10:16:10,160 --> 10:16:11,160
desktop both ways to remote into your
16453
10:16:12,720 --> 10:16:13,720
computer
16454
10:16:14,160 --> 10:16:15,160
and then finally we're just going to
16455
10:16:15,756 --> 10:16:16,756
look quickly at the program
16456
10:16:17,200 --> 10:16:18,200
compatibility wizard which allows you to
16457
10:16:19,840 --> 10:16:20,840
run
16458
10:16:20,720 --> 10:16:21,720
older programs on a newer operating
16459
10:16:22,800 --> 10:16:23,800
system and then windows xp mode which
16460
10:16:25,596 --> 10:16:26,596
allows you to run a virtual version of
16461
10:16:27,756 --> 10:16:28,756
windows xp in windows 7.
16462
10:16:31,436 --> 10:16:32,436
so let's start talking about the windows
16463
10:16:33,276 --> 10:16:34,276
easy transfer tool
16464
10:16:35,520 --> 10:16:36,520
it can be downloaded from microsoft.com
16465
10:16:37,756 --> 10:16:38,756
for windows xp although it is built into
16466
10:16:40,480 --> 10:16:41,480
vista in seven
16467
10:16:42,480 --> 10:16:43,480
and it allows you to copy files photos
16468
10:16:44,960 --> 10:16:45,960
music email all these settings which we
16469
10:16:47,680 --> 10:16:48,680
call the user state
16470
10:16:50,400 --> 10:16:51,400
uh
16471
10:16:51,200 --> 10:16:52,200
directly from one operating system to
16472
10:16:53,360 --> 10:16:54,360
another say from a version of vista over
16473
10:16:56,000 --> 10:16:57,000
to seven and the way you get to it is by
16474
10:16:58,640 --> 10:16:59,640
going to start all programs accessories
16475
10:17:01,040 --> 10:17:02,040
and system tools now the reason i'm
16476
10:17:03,436 --> 10:17:04,436
putting this out this entire path is
16477
10:17:05,436 --> 10:17:06,436
because a lot of the times on the exam
16478
10:17:07,360 --> 10:17:08,360
you're not just gonna it's not gonna ask
16479
10:17:08,960 --> 10:17:09,960
you to go to the tool it's actually to
16480
10:17:11,040 --> 10:17:12,040
give you several different paths and ask
16481
10:17:13,360 --> 10:17:14,360
you which path gets you there so it's
16482
10:17:15,596 --> 10:17:16,596
important to start thinking about things
16483
10:17:17,200 --> 10:17:18,200
in terms of this sort of text based um
16484
10:17:21,520 --> 10:17:22,520
readability okay
16485
10:17:23,520 --> 10:17:24,520
it can be uh the way you can migrate
16486
10:17:25,680 --> 10:17:26,680
stuff over is uh through the network or
16487
10:17:28,480 --> 10:17:29,480
via a usb cable from another computer so
16488
10:17:31,436 --> 10:17:32,436
if i have one computer i'm migrating
16489
10:17:33,120 --> 10:17:34,120
things over to another computer that's
16490
10:17:34,720 --> 10:17:35,720
how i could do it if i'm migrating onto
16491
10:17:37,360 --> 10:17:38,360
the same computer but a different
16492
10:17:39,360 --> 10:17:40,360
operating system let's say then you'd
16493
10:17:41,040 --> 10:17:42,040
probably want to use a removable media
16494
10:17:42,960 --> 10:17:43,960
such as cd dvd or usb flash drive
16495
10:17:46,880 --> 10:17:47,880
and all of the files and the settings
16496
10:17:49,436 --> 10:17:50,436
are saved in one large mig file so it
16497
10:17:53,360 --> 10:17:54,360
makes it really easy it packs all those
16498
10:17:55,596 --> 10:17:56,596
files up sort of like into a suitcase
16499
10:17:57,840 --> 10:17:58,840
called an mig and then it unpacks them
16500
10:18:00,320 --> 10:18:01,320
on the new computer and this is called
16501
10:18:02,080 --> 10:18:03,080
the windows easy transfer tool and as
16502
10:18:04,720 --> 10:18:05,720
you can tell from the screenshot over
16503
10:18:06,480 --> 10:18:07,480
here there's a lot of things that you
16504
10:18:08,320 --> 10:18:09,320
can transfer over in order to make sure
16505
10:18:10,560 --> 10:18:11,560
what is called your
16506
10:18:12,080 --> 10:18:13,080
user state
16507
10:18:14,400 --> 10:18:15,400
remains the same so uh it's just like
16508
10:18:16,640 --> 10:18:17,640
you're on uh your old computer even
16509
10:18:18,720 --> 10:18:19,720
though you're on a new system
16510
10:18:21,756 --> 10:18:22,756
now this is different from the user
16511
10:18:23,200 --> 10:18:24,200
state migration tool which does some of
16512
10:18:25,276 --> 10:18:26,276
the same things as the windows easy
16513
10:18:26,880 --> 10:18:27,880
transfer tool but it is a command line
16514
10:18:29,680 --> 10:18:30,680
tool meaning it is not a visual it is
16515
10:18:32,720 --> 10:18:33,720
not what we call a graphical user
16516
10:18:34,480 --> 10:18:35,480
interface it is a command user interface
16517
10:18:36,880 --> 10:18:37,880
that allows you to migrate the same sort
16518
10:18:38,640 --> 10:18:39,640
of files and settings it's also
16519
10:18:40,560 --> 10:18:41,560
downloaded from microsoft for all a
16520
10:18:42,800 --> 10:18:43,800
program it's not built into windows 7
16521
10:18:45,276 --> 10:18:46,276
and it's for larger or more automated
16522
10:18:47,120 --> 10:18:48,120
deployments so let's say i want to
16523
10:18:49,360 --> 10:18:50,360
migrate
16524
10:18:50,560 --> 10:18:51,560
um a whole lot of files over from one
16525
10:18:54,320 --> 10:18:55,320
uh
16526
10:18:55,520 --> 10:18:56,520
from let's say hundreds of computers to
16527
10:18:57,200 --> 10:18:58,200
hundreds of other computers so this is
16528
10:18:58,880 --> 10:18:59,880
what we're going to use that for because
16529
10:19:00,400 --> 10:19:01,400
it allows you to automate it and allows
16530
10:19:02,160 --> 10:19:03,160
you to centralize the process
16531
10:19:04,560 --> 10:19:05,560
there are two different tools built into
16532
10:19:06,720 --> 10:19:07,720
the usmt the first is called scan state
16533
10:19:10,080 --> 10:19:11,080
and that is what saves all the files the
16534
10:19:12,800 --> 10:19:13,800
next one is called load state that
16535
10:19:14,720 --> 10:19:15,720
transfers the files you can see in the
16536
10:19:16,720 --> 10:19:17,720
root there scan
16537
10:19:18,400 --> 10:19:19,400
as though it's scanning for the files uh
16538
10:19:20,320 --> 10:19:21,320
for the settings and then loading as
16539
10:19:22,160 --> 10:19:23,160
though it's loading those up i don't
16540
10:19:23,840 --> 10:19:24,840
think you're going to see these two on
16541
10:19:25,276 --> 10:19:26,276
the exam but i mentioned it just in case
16542
10:19:27,120 --> 10:19:28,120
they update things and they add it
16543
10:19:29,436 --> 10:19:30,436
the commands have several options that
16544
10:19:31,436 --> 10:19:32,436
you can add to it such as you can select
16545
10:19:34,160 --> 10:19:35,160
which users you want to migrate and
16546
10:19:36,800 --> 10:19:37,800
whether you want to compress or
16547
10:19:38,800 --> 10:19:39,800
uncompress
16548
10:19:40,240 --> 10:19:41,240
or encrypt the data
16549
10:19:44,080 --> 10:19:45,080
sometimes if i'm
16550
10:19:45,520 --> 10:19:46,520
transferring
16551
10:19:46,960 --> 10:19:47,960
people's you know settings over a
16552
10:19:48,640 --> 10:19:49,640
network i want to make sure it's
16553
10:19:50,000 --> 10:19:51,000
encrypted i also might want to make sure
16554
10:19:52,080 --> 10:19:53,080
it's in compressed that way it's not
16555
10:19:54,160 --> 10:19:55,160
taking up a lot of space
16556
10:19:57,680 --> 10:19:58,680
next the files and settings transfer
16557
10:19:59,596 --> 10:20:00,596
wizard fast wizard this is the older
16558
10:20:01,916 --> 10:20:02,916
version of the windows easy transfer so
16559
10:20:04,160 --> 10:20:05,160
it's not in 7 in vista this is what was
16560
10:20:06,800 --> 10:20:07,800
installed by default on windows xp so
16561
10:20:09,040 --> 10:20:10,040
this is windows easy transfer before we
16562
10:20:11,840 --> 10:20:12,840
got to 7 and vista this is what windows
16563
10:20:13,840 --> 10:20:14,840
xp used
16564
10:20:15,360 --> 10:20:16,360
and it was meant for transferring files
16565
10:20:17,120 --> 10:20:18,120
and settings from a windows xp
16566
10:20:19,520 --> 10:20:20,520
2000 or windows 90 x computer that's a
16567
10:20:22,320 --> 10:20:23,320
98 95 computer over to another windows
16568
10:20:25,360 --> 10:20:26,360
xp computer again you're not going to
16569
10:20:27,360 --> 10:20:28,360
see this very much anymore because now
16570
10:20:29,756 --> 10:20:30,756
windows 7 has the windows easy transfer
16571
10:20:32,400 --> 10:20:33,400
tool built in
16572
10:20:36,160 --> 10:20:37,160
okay
16573
10:20:36,960 --> 10:20:37,960
so that was migrating user data using
16574
10:20:39,436 --> 10:20:40,436
either the windows easy transfer tool
16575
10:20:41,436 --> 10:20:42,436
the user state migration tool which
16576
10:20:43,596 --> 10:20:44,596
again is going to be used more for
16577
10:20:45,840 --> 10:20:46,840
large deployments
16578
10:20:49,360 --> 10:20:50,360
and
16579
10:20:50,480 --> 10:20:51,480
unattended what we'll say
16580
10:20:53,680 --> 10:20:54,680
installations and then the files and
16581
10:20:55,916 --> 10:20:56,916
settings transfer wizard which is
16582
10:20:57,680 --> 10:20:58,680
specifically in xp
16583
10:21:00,960 --> 10:21:01,960
so let's look at customizing the user
16584
10:21:03,360 --> 10:21:04,360
environment one of the first things you
16585
10:21:04,960 --> 10:21:05,960
might want to do is revert to what's
16586
10:21:07,200 --> 10:21:08,200
called the classic mode
16587
10:21:09,680 --> 10:21:10,680
this basically means turning off what's
16588
10:21:11,840 --> 10:21:12,840
called windows arrow we'll talk a little
16589
10:21:13,596 --> 10:21:14,596
bit more about windows arrow later but
16590
10:21:15,680 --> 10:21:16,680
windows arrow is a visual uh tool that
16591
10:21:18,880 --> 10:21:19,880
allows windows vista to look a little
16592
10:21:21,040 --> 10:21:22,040
more
16593
10:21:22,400 --> 10:21:23,400
i don't know funky uh a little more fun
16594
10:21:25,360 --> 10:21:26,360
it uses more graphics uh but in some
16595
10:21:28,000 --> 10:21:29,000
ways it's also you know some people
16596
10:21:30,480 --> 10:21:31,480
don't like it because it
16597
10:21:33,596 --> 10:21:34,596
has changed um what they're used to and
16598
10:21:36,720 --> 10:21:37,720
so some people might want to revert to
16599
10:21:38,160 --> 10:21:39,160
the old classic looking windows mode of
16600
10:21:41,596 --> 10:21:42,596
windows xp and that might make people
16601
10:21:43,520 --> 10:21:44,520
more comfortable it also frees up
16602
10:21:45,276 --> 10:21:46,276
additional resources because windows
16603
10:21:46,800 --> 10:21:47,800
arrow with all its visual
16604
10:21:48,800 --> 10:21:49,800
coolness and we'll look at some of that
16605
10:21:50,640 --> 10:21:51,640
a little later and that is the technical
16606
10:21:52,400 --> 10:21:53,400
term by the way
16607
10:21:53,916 --> 10:21:54,916
it takes up more visual resources more
16608
10:21:56,000 --> 10:21:57,000
cpu more ram etc
16609
10:21:58,560 --> 10:21:59,560
so to get to this and you can see where
16610
10:22:00,800 --> 10:22:01,800
i'm at right now
16611
10:22:02,800 --> 10:22:03,800
you're going to right click on the
16612
10:22:03,916 --> 10:22:04,916
desktop wallpaper select personalize and
16613
10:22:06,960 --> 10:22:07,960
then select the windows classic theme
16614
10:22:10,080 --> 10:22:11,080
which is right here this is also
16615
10:22:11,916 --> 10:22:12,916
accessible from the control panel which
16616
10:22:14,160 --> 10:22:15,160
we'll talk about a little more in depth
16617
10:22:15,916 --> 10:22:16,916
but if i right click on the desktop and
16618
10:22:17,840 --> 10:22:18,840
go to personalize you can get to this
16619
10:22:20,080 --> 10:22:21,080
windows classic
16620
10:22:23,756 --> 10:22:24,756
theme and the windows classic theme will
16621
10:22:25,756 --> 10:22:26,756
turn off all the stuff you're not used
16622
10:22:27,360 --> 10:22:28,360
to and put it back in a classic windows
16623
10:22:29,756 --> 10:22:30,756
environment
16624
10:22:32,720 --> 10:22:33,720
this is also how you disable most of
16625
10:22:35,040 --> 10:22:36,040
your visual effects now you can go more
16626
10:22:37,436 --> 10:22:38,436
and put more um you can get more
16627
10:22:39,756 --> 10:22:40,756
advanced with disabling some of the
16628
10:22:41,436 --> 10:22:42,436
visual effects and the way you do this
16629
10:22:43,680 --> 10:22:44,680
is by going into the system properties
16630
10:22:46,000 --> 10:22:47,000
window again we'll talk about where this
16631
10:22:48,320 --> 10:22:49,320
is a little bit later but you can get to
16632
10:22:50,080 --> 10:22:51,080
system properties by right-clicking on
16633
10:22:52,320 --> 10:22:53,320
computer
16634
10:22:53,520 --> 10:22:54,520
and then going to properties and then
16635
10:22:55,436 --> 10:22:56,436
choosing system properties and you can
16636
10:22:57,120 --> 10:22:58,120
see
16637
10:22:57,916 --> 10:22:58,916
this screenshot right here i'm in the
16638
10:23:00,560 --> 10:23:01,560
control panel is another way to get
16639
10:23:02,240 --> 10:23:03,240
there
16640
10:23:03,756 --> 10:23:04,756
gone to system security and then system
16641
10:23:05,916 --> 10:23:06,916
properties you go to the advanced tab
16642
10:23:09,040 --> 10:23:10,040
and under here you have a performance
16643
10:23:11,756 --> 10:23:12,756
window and there's a settings button you
16644
10:23:14,240 --> 10:23:15,240
can check
16645
10:23:15,360 --> 10:23:16,360
when you go to the settings um
16646
10:23:18,560 --> 10:23:19,560
into that settings button you then
16647
10:23:20,560 --> 10:23:21,560
choose the visual effects tab
16648
10:23:22,880 --> 10:23:23,880
and then you can adjust
16649
10:23:25,120 --> 10:23:26,120
how you want windows to uh function now
16650
10:23:28,160 --> 10:23:29,160
you can choose you know to check certain
16651
10:23:30,240 --> 10:23:31,240
things if you would like however one
16652
10:23:32,080 --> 10:23:33,080
thing you can do is say adjust for best
16653
10:23:34,320 --> 10:23:35,320
performance what this is going to do is
16654
10:23:36,560 --> 10:23:37,560
turn off all of the cool appearances
16655
10:23:39,436 --> 10:23:40,436
and instead say i want not the best
16656
10:23:42,240 --> 10:23:43,240
appearance i want the best performance
16657
10:23:43,596 --> 10:23:44,596
your computer will probably run faster
16658
10:23:45,360 --> 10:23:46,360
therefore and this is something a lot of
16659
10:23:47,200 --> 10:23:48,200
people prefer to do rather than have
16660
10:23:49,276 --> 10:23:50,276
windows look good they prefer
16661
10:23:51,200 --> 10:23:52,200
prefer for it to run well
16662
10:23:54,320 --> 10:23:55,320
the task scheduler is also a great tool
16663
10:23:56,880 --> 10:23:57,880
that can automate a lot of the
16664
10:23:58,160 --> 10:23:59,160
repetitive tasks you have
16665
10:24:00,880 --> 10:24:01,880
it will run particular programs at a for
16666
10:24:03,916 --> 10:24:04,916
instance a certain time it can send
16667
10:24:06,160 --> 10:24:07,160
emails it can display messages at a
16668
10:24:08,960 --> 10:24:09,960
certain time
16669
10:24:10,240 --> 10:24:11,240
and what you basically do is you
16670
10:24:13,596 --> 10:24:14,596
set a trigger or a condition that causes
16671
10:24:16,640 --> 10:24:17,640
a task such as sending an email to run
16672
10:24:19,200 --> 10:24:20,200
so you tell the scheduler what action to
16673
10:24:21,040 --> 10:24:22,040
take when that task starts
16674
10:24:23,200 --> 10:24:24,200
and there are some things it can do
16675
10:24:24,880 --> 10:24:25,880
automatically for instance
16676
10:24:26,400 --> 10:24:27,400
from memory diagnostics it can run
16677
10:24:28,800 --> 10:24:29,800
certain
16678
10:24:29,840 --> 10:24:30,840
you know every time you boot up your
16679
10:24:31,120 --> 10:24:32,120
computer it can run a ram diagnostic or
16680
10:24:33,276 --> 10:24:34,276
it can back up the registry at a certain
16681
10:24:35,040 --> 10:24:36,040
point
16682
10:24:36,880 --> 10:24:37,880
it's pretty easy to
16683
10:24:38,880 --> 10:24:39,880
create a task you go to create basic
16684
10:24:41,120 --> 10:24:42,120
task or alternatively right below that
16685
10:24:43,680 --> 10:24:44,680
create a task which is going to give you
16686
10:24:45,436 --> 10:24:46,436
a little more customization
16687
10:24:47,596 --> 10:24:48,596
and you can play around in this again i
16688
10:24:50,080 --> 10:24:51,080
don't want to go in depth into this
16689
10:24:51,596 --> 10:24:52,596
because there's so much to talk about
16690
10:24:53,276 --> 10:24:54,276
and so little time and
16691
10:24:55,756 --> 10:24:56,756
you're not going to be asked
16692
10:24:56,720 --> 10:24:57,720
specifically about how to do this on the
16693
10:24:58,160 --> 10:24:59,160
exam but it's good to know that it's
16694
10:24:59,680 --> 10:25:00,680
there and that you can automate a lot of
16695
10:25:02,320 --> 10:25:03,320
frequent tasks you get there go to start
16696
10:25:05,276 --> 10:25:06,276
all programs accessories it's in system
16697
10:25:08,000 --> 10:25:09,000
tools under the task scheduler
16698
10:25:09,916 --> 10:25:10,916
alternatively in windows 7 and windows
16699
10:25:11,520 --> 10:25:12,520
vista and this is a great way to get to
16700
10:25:13,040 --> 10:25:14,040
anything just search it you click the
16701
10:25:15,596 --> 10:25:16,596
start menu there's a search but a search
16702
10:25:17,520 --> 10:25:18,520
window pops up automatically and just
16703
10:25:19,680 --> 10:25:20,680
search for whatever the application or
16704
10:25:21,360 --> 10:25:22,360
file is you're looking for
16705
10:25:23,756 --> 10:25:24,756
now if i'm in a different region
16706
10:25:25,680 --> 10:25:26,680
i speak a different language i have a
16707
10:25:28,080 --> 10:25:29,080
keyboard with certain um
16708
10:25:30,960 --> 10:25:31,960
you know characters on it i'm going to
16709
10:25:33,200 --> 10:25:34,200
want to go in here and change some stuff
16710
10:25:35,680 --> 10:25:36,680
this is accessible by the control panel
16711
10:25:38,320 --> 10:25:39,320
generally in clock language and region
16712
10:25:40,480 --> 10:25:41,480
in windows 7 it might be in a region
16713
10:25:43,200 --> 10:25:44,200
settings area in one of the earlier
16714
10:25:44,640 --> 10:25:45,640
versions of windows this allows you to
16715
10:25:46,640 --> 10:25:47,640
also
16716
10:25:47,520 --> 10:25:48,520
alter the currency how numbers are dealt
16717
10:25:50,080 --> 10:25:51,080
with inches versus meters etcetera uh
16718
10:25:52,640 --> 10:25:53,640
the time you wanted military time the
16719
10:25:55,200 --> 10:25:56,200
date how the date
16720
10:25:56,640 --> 10:25:57,640
for instance displays in america we
16721
10:25:58,880 --> 10:25:59,880
display the months before the days and a
16722
10:26:01,360 --> 10:26:02,360
lot of other parts of the con of the
16723
10:26:02,800 --> 10:26:03,800
world they display the
16724
10:26:05,040 --> 10:26:06,040
um
16725
10:26:06,320 --> 10:26:07,320
day and then the month
16726
10:26:08,240 --> 10:26:09,240
and this is so this is where you would
16727
10:26:09,680 --> 10:26:10,680
set some of that you basically change
16728
10:26:12,000 --> 10:26:13,000
how programs service the computer so for
16729
10:26:14,160 --> 10:26:15,160
instance keyboard layouts you can change
16730
10:26:16,080 --> 10:26:17,080
languages
16731
10:26:17,200 --> 10:26:18,200
all these sort of things that's going to
16732
10:26:18,640 --> 10:26:19,640
be set in what's called the region and
16733
10:26:20,320 --> 10:26:21,320
language settings and you can see that
16734
10:26:22,320 --> 10:26:23,320
setting
16735
10:26:23,756 --> 10:26:24,756
right here which is in the control panel
16736
10:26:27,916 --> 10:26:28,916
alright so we talked about reverting to
16737
10:26:30,320 --> 10:26:31,320
classic mode
16738
10:26:31,756 --> 10:26:32,756
disabling visual effects
16739
10:26:34,560 --> 10:26:35,560
the task scheduler and then region and
16740
10:26:37,120 --> 10:26:38,120
language settings now let's look very
16741
10:26:38,960 --> 10:26:39,960
briefly at some of the advanced system
16742
10:26:40,640 --> 10:26:41,640
tools here
16743
10:26:41,840 --> 10:26:42,840
this is the windows registry it is a
16744
10:26:44,560 --> 10:26:45,560
database that stores settings for
16745
10:26:47,040 --> 10:26:48,040
windows 7 vista or xp or any previous
16746
10:26:49,756 --> 10:26:50,756
version of windows it's actually in any
16747
10:26:52,000 --> 10:26:53,000
version of windows you will find a
16748
10:26:53,520 --> 10:26:54,520
registry
16749
10:26:55,200 --> 10:26:56,200
and it contains the hardware and
16750
10:26:57,680 --> 10:26:58,680
software information and all of the user
16751
10:26:59,756 --> 10:27:00,756
settings in fact each one of these
16752
10:27:03,200 --> 10:27:04,200
contains different types of information
16753
10:27:05,916 --> 10:27:06,916
the way you get there
16754
10:27:08,480 --> 10:27:09,480
and you want to memorize this and i'll
16755
10:27:10,320 --> 10:27:11,320
i'll bring it up again when we talk
16756
10:27:12,160 --> 10:27:13,160
about troubleshooting is regedit
16757
10:27:14,960 --> 10:27:15,960
you can also type in
16758
10:27:17,436 --> 10:27:18,436
regedit32
16759
10:27:19,276 --> 10:27:20,276
i am purposely leaving off the eye there
16760
10:27:21,680 --> 10:27:22,680
which is another way you can get in to
16761
10:27:23,596 --> 10:27:24,596
the registry and edit it you want to be
16762
10:27:26,000 --> 10:27:27,000
very careful you delete something you
16763
10:27:27,596 --> 10:27:28,596
replace something in the registry you're
16764
10:27:29,680 --> 10:27:30,680
going to screw up the computer
16765
10:27:31,916 --> 10:27:32,916
these things are called hives
16766
10:27:34,160 --> 10:27:35,160
and this is the organizational structure
16767
10:27:36,880 --> 10:27:37,880
of the registry
16768
10:27:39,916 --> 10:27:40,916
inside of these like this is what's
16769
10:27:42,320 --> 10:27:43,320
called a key that contains sub keys and
16770
10:27:46,400 --> 10:27:47,400
these sub keys have information that
16771
10:27:49,040 --> 10:27:50,040
tell the computer where to look for
16772
10:27:50,480 --> 10:27:51,480
certain things
16773
10:27:51,840 --> 10:27:52,840
you don't find something like this in a
16774
10:27:53,520 --> 10:27:54,520
macintosh computer because this is
16775
10:27:55,120 --> 10:27:56,120
specific to how windows operates and how
16776
10:27:57,436 --> 10:27:58,436
it functions basically
16777
10:28:00,000 --> 10:28:01,000
while your cpu might be the brain this
16778
10:28:02,720 --> 10:28:03,720
sort of has all the instructions and all
16779
10:28:04,480 --> 10:28:05,480
the information on how the operating
16780
10:28:06,320 --> 10:28:07,320
system functions if something happens to
16781
10:28:08,560 --> 10:28:09,560
the registry you can be pretty sure
16782
10:28:10,640 --> 10:28:11,640
windows is going to crash and burn
16783
10:28:13,756 --> 10:28:14,756
it does not store and this is important
16784
10:28:15,756 --> 10:28:16,756
actual data files
16785
10:28:17,756 --> 10:28:18,756
it just stores the settings those data
16786
10:28:19,596 --> 10:28:20,596
files reference
16787
10:28:21,360 --> 10:28:22,360
we're going to talk more about the
16788
10:28:22,400 --> 10:28:23,400
registry in depth a little bit later
16789
10:28:25,200 --> 10:28:26,200
now i want to talk about two ways to
16790
10:28:26,400 --> 10:28:27,400
remote into the computer the first is
16791
10:28:27,916 --> 10:28:28,916
called remote assistance all right this
16792
10:28:30,640 --> 10:28:31,640
is important to differentiate
16793
10:28:32,720 --> 10:28:33,720
this requires that someone has an
16794
10:28:34,800 --> 10:28:35,800
invitation
16795
10:28:36,480 --> 10:28:37,480
and the way remote assistance works is
16796
10:28:38,720 --> 10:28:39,720
it allows someone to assist you on the
16797
10:28:40,560 --> 10:28:41,560
computer say my grandmother needs help
16798
10:28:43,040 --> 10:28:44,040
she can send me a remote insistence
16799
10:28:44,880 --> 10:28:45,880
invitation and i can take over her
16800
10:28:46,640 --> 10:28:47,640
computer for a certain amount of time
16801
10:28:50,880 --> 10:28:51,880
now i can send the invitation by email
16802
10:28:53,916 --> 10:28:54,916
uh i or outlook for instance instant
16803
10:28:57,276 --> 10:28:58,276
messaging like windows messenger etc
16804
10:29:00,640 --> 10:29:01,640
and once the invitation is made and the
16805
10:29:03,120 --> 10:29:04,120
way it's made is by clicking you can go
16806
10:29:05,276 --> 10:29:06,276
to start help and support and then you
16807
10:29:07,840 --> 10:29:08,840
can click more support options
16808
10:29:09,436 --> 10:29:10,436
alternatively you can go into system
16809
10:29:11,040 --> 10:29:12,040
preferences and you should have a remote
16810
10:29:13,756 --> 10:29:14,756
assistance
16811
10:29:15,120 --> 10:29:16,120
um
16812
10:29:16,400 --> 10:29:17,400
advanced tab right here which is where
16813
10:29:18,800 --> 10:29:19,800
you can set these settings okay
16814
10:29:22,480 --> 10:29:23,480
to create the invitation you go to help
16815
10:29:24,560 --> 10:29:25,560
and support click more support options
16816
10:29:26,400 --> 10:29:27,400
and it allows you to send invitation
16817
10:29:28,480 --> 10:29:29,480
notice here i can set the amount of time
16818
10:29:30,880 --> 10:29:31,880
i want someone to be allowed to control
16819
10:29:34,160 --> 10:29:35,160
my computer so i don't want the
16820
10:29:35,200 --> 10:29:36,200
invitation to last for six hours let's
16821
10:29:37,040 --> 10:29:38,040
say that way the next day they can't log
16822
10:29:39,120 --> 10:29:40,120
in and mess with my computer
16823
10:29:42,400 --> 10:29:43,400
if you select the remote assistance link
16824
10:29:45,596 --> 10:29:46,596
that's how it's going to work or you can
16825
10:29:47,596 --> 10:29:48,596
invite someone to help you in xp you're
16826
10:29:50,160 --> 10:29:51,160
more going to see this in windows 7 and
16827
10:29:51,916 --> 10:29:52,916
vista i don't it was sort of added late
16828
10:29:54,080 --> 10:29:55,080
in windows xp again remote assistance
16829
10:29:57,120 --> 10:29:58,120
means i send an invitation to someone
16830
10:29:59,916 --> 10:30:00,916
and then i'm inviting them
16831
10:30:02,400 --> 10:30:03,400
to work on my computer and help me with
16832
10:30:04,320 --> 10:30:05,320
the problem
16833
10:30:05,680 --> 10:30:06,680
this is different from remote desktop
16834
10:30:08,560 --> 10:30:09,560
remote desktop
16835
10:30:10,320 --> 10:30:11,320
is allows you to connect and control a
16836
10:30:12,400 --> 10:30:13,400
computer without an invitation
16837
10:30:15,200 --> 10:30:16,200
so you select the users that are allowed
16838
10:30:16,880 --> 10:30:17,880
to connect you can see right here i'm in
16839
10:30:18,960 --> 10:30:19,960
system properties on the remote tab
16840
10:30:21,200 --> 10:30:22,200
right i can select what individuals i
16841
10:30:23,756 --> 10:30:24,756
want to allow so
16842
10:30:25,596 --> 10:30:26,596
i can add users from user accounts in
16843
10:30:27,756 --> 10:30:28,756
there
16844
10:30:28,800 --> 10:30:29,800
and they have to know the username and
16845
10:30:31,120 --> 10:30:32,120
password of the computer in order to
16846
10:30:33,200 --> 10:30:34,200
control it
16847
10:30:35,276 --> 10:30:36,276
now this is disabled
16848
10:30:37,596 --> 10:30:38,596
by default like it is right here because
16849
10:30:39,916 --> 10:30:40,916
they don't want someone being able to
16850
10:30:41,120 --> 10:30:42,120
log into your computer
16851
10:30:42,880 --> 10:30:43,880
so you actually have to go on and turn
16852
10:30:44,960 --> 10:30:45,960
it on in order for people in order for
16853
10:30:47,680 --> 10:30:48,680
yourself or other people to remote in
16854
10:30:49,120 --> 10:30:50,120
the computer
16855
10:30:51,276 --> 10:30:52,276
if it's enabled users can make
16856
10:30:53,200 --> 10:30:54,200
connections to your computer either by
16857
10:30:54,640 --> 10:30:55,640
using the computer name or what's called
16858
10:30:56,880 --> 10:30:57,880
the ip address which is something we'll
16859
10:30:58,720 --> 10:30:59,720
discuss when we get to networking
16860
10:31:02,640 --> 10:31:03,640
now the benefit to remote desktop and
16861
10:31:04,880 --> 10:31:05,880
this is the remote desktop connection
16862
10:31:06,480 --> 10:31:07,480
app this is the way you would connect to
16863
10:31:08,800 --> 10:31:09,800
a remote desktop is it allows you to
16864
10:31:10,800 --> 10:31:11,800
control the remote computer as though
16865
10:31:12,240 --> 10:31:13,240
you're sitting right in front of it
16866
10:31:14,320 --> 10:31:15,320
uh
16867
10:31:15,436 --> 10:31:16,436
as i mentioned the remote computer must
16868
10:31:17,436 --> 10:31:18,436
have remote desktop enabled
16869
10:31:19,840 --> 10:31:20,840
but
16870
10:31:20,880 --> 10:31:21,880
what happens on that remote computer is
16871
10:31:23,040 --> 10:31:24,040
it locks when someone connects to it so
16872
10:31:25,840 --> 10:31:26,840
if you were sitting in a computer and
16873
10:31:27,200 --> 10:31:28,200
someone connected the remote desktop to
16874
10:31:29,360 --> 10:31:30,360
your computer it would lock the computer
16875
10:31:31,360 --> 10:31:32,360
you wouldn't be able to do anything this
16876
10:31:32,880 --> 10:31:33,880
is different from road assistance which
16877
10:31:34,400 --> 10:31:35,400
allows someone to assist you on your
16878
10:31:36,080 --> 10:31:37,080
computer while you're on it a lot of
16879
10:31:38,400 --> 10:31:39,400
times people use this for instance with
16880
10:31:40,240 --> 10:31:41,240
servers
16881
10:31:41,916 --> 10:31:42,916
so i have
16882
10:31:43,040 --> 10:31:44,040
10 servers in my server room and i'm
16883
10:31:44,960 --> 10:31:45,960
sitting at my desk i don't want to walk
16884
10:31:46,880 --> 10:31:47,880
down the hall to the server room to fix
16885
10:31:48,480 --> 10:31:49,480
something instead i'm going to remote
16886
10:31:50,400 --> 10:31:51,400
into it and fix it from my desk
16887
10:31:52,480 --> 10:31:53,480
alternatively if i'm on the go a lot i
16888
10:31:54,400 --> 10:31:55,400
can remote in remotely from anywhere in
16889
10:31:56,320 --> 10:31:57,320
the world using the internet that gets a
16890
10:31:58,240 --> 10:31:59,240
little more complex and we'll talk about
16891
10:31:59,916 --> 10:32:00,916
that specifically when we get into
16892
10:32:01,756 --> 10:32:02,756
networking
16893
10:32:03,596 --> 10:32:04,596
uh it only unlocks by the way once you
16894
10:32:06,480 --> 10:32:07,480
lock a system it only unlocks with the
16895
10:32:08,400 --> 10:32:09,400
username and password so remote
16896
10:32:10,240 --> 10:32:11,240
desktopping into a computer will lock
16897
10:32:12,240 --> 10:32:13,240
the system just like you need a password
16898
10:32:14,240 --> 10:32:15,240
to get into it remotely you need the
16899
10:32:15,756 --> 10:32:16,756
password and username to get back into
16900
10:32:17,916 --> 10:32:18,916
it
16901
10:32:18,720 --> 10:32:19,720
and windows vista and 7 this is where
16902
10:32:21,200 --> 10:32:22,200
it's accessible
16903
10:32:23,360 --> 10:32:24,360
okay accessories remote desktop
16904
10:32:25,520 --> 10:32:26,520
connection
16905
10:32:26,560 --> 10:32:27,560
um
16906
10:32:28,160 --> 10:32:29,160
this should be uh one of those carrots
16907
10:32:30,640 --> 10:32:31,640
you can also get there by going to
16908
10:32:33,120 --> 10:32:34,120
the
16909
10:32:34,000 --> 10:32:35,000
this is rather how you get to the remote
16910
10:32:35,596 --> 10:32:36,596
desktop utility that we're seeing right
16911
10:32:38,000 --> 10:32:39,000
here remember on the previous page i
16912
10:32:40,400 --> 10:32:41,400
showed you the remote desktop
16913
10:32:42,640 --> 10:32:43,640
properties and settings
16914
10:32:46,320 --> 10:32:47,320
and in windows xp you can generally get
16915
10:32:49,040 --> 10:32:50,040
there um
16916
10:32:50,560 --> 10:32:51,560
through communications
16917
10:32:53,200 --> 10:32:54,200
one thing that's important to note is
16918
10:32:54,960 --> 10:32:55,960
you can actually download remote desktop
16919
10:32:56,720 --> 10:32:57,720
connection for uh like a macintosh
16920
10:32:58,640 --> 10:32:59,640
computer and remote into a windows
16921
10:33:01,200 --> 10:33:02,200
computer so it's a good thing to know
16922
10:33:04,000 --> 10:33:05,000
you don't need to have a windows vista
16923
10:33:05,596 --> 10:33:06,596
computer necessarily to or windows 7
16924
10:33:08,240 --> 10:33:09,240
computer to remote into a computer
16925
10:33:10,480 --> 10:33:11,480
all right so now we've talked about the
16926
10:33:12,160 --> 10:33:13,160
advanced system tools like the windows
16927
10:33:13,840 --> 10:33:14,840
registry which include hives we looked
16928
10:33:16,320 --> 10:33:17,320
at remote desktop and remote assistance
16929
10:33:18,800 --> 10:33:19,800
so very quickly now let's talk about
16930
10:33:20,400 --> 10:33:21,400
what's called the program compatibility
16931
10:33:22,400 --> 10:33:23,400
wizard
16932
10:33:23,436 --> 10:33:24,436
program compatibility wizard allows
16933
10:33:25,680 --> 10:33:26,680
applications that are compatible with
16934
10:33:28,160 --> 10:33:29,160
the previous version in xp such as xp to
16935
10:33:31,360 --> 10:33:32,360
work in a newer version such as seven
16936
10:33:34,400 --> 10:33:35,400
you get there by going to the control
16937
10:33:36,000 --> 10:33:37,000
panel
16938
10:33:37,120 --> 10:33:38,120
and then clicking the programs tab
16939
10:33:39,840 --> 10:33:40,840
and then
16940
10:33:41,040 --> 10:33:42,040
the programs and compatibility icon
16941
10:33:44,800 --> 10:33:45,800
it'll ask you for instance when you run
16942
10:33:46,720 --> 10:33:47,720
this wizard which programs you want to
16943
10:33:48,720 --> 10:33:49,720
make compatible
16944
10:33:50,160 --> 10:33:51,160
which operating system it should be
16945
10:33:51,916 --> 10:33:52,916
compatible with
16946
10:33:53,596 --> 10:33:54,596
and any resolution and color things for
16947
10:33:56,160 --> 10:33:57,160
instance if i'm running a very old
16948
10:33:57,756 --> 10:33:58,756
program that only works at 640 by 480
16949
10:34:00,400 --> 10:34:01,400
resolution
16950
10:34:02,640 --> 10:34:03,640
and resolution by the way we'll talk
16951
10:34:04,240 --> 10:34:05,240
about when we get into visuals a little
16952
10:34:05,840 --> 10:34:06,840
bit i want to make sure that i'm telling
16953
10:34:09,200 --> 10:34:10,200
the program compatibility wizard how to
16954
10:34:11,200 --> 10:34:12,200
run that program so i have a program
16955
10:34:13,040 --> 10:34:14,040
from windows 98 for instance and i need
16956
10:34:15,840 --> 10:34:16,840
it for some sort of business reason i
16957
10:34:18,080 --> 10:34:19,080
can open the program compatibility
16958
10:34:19,840 --> 10:34:20,840
wizard and make sure that that program
16959
10:34:22,080 --> 10:34:23,080
always runs as though it's running on
16960
10:34:24,640 --> 10:34:25,640
windows 98 it's not actually running on
16961
10:34:26,320 --> 10:34:27,320
windows 98 but i'm going to tell it it's
16962
10:34:28,160 --> 10:34:29,160
as though it's running on windows 98
16963
10:34:32,000 --> 10:34:33,000
now you can also get to this
16964
10:34:33,520 --> 10:34:34,520
compatibility tab
16965
10:34:35,916 --> 10:34:36,916
and the way you do that is by right
16966
10:34:37,680 --> 10:34:38,680
clicking on the program that you want to
16967
10:34:39,916 --> 10:34:40,916
run in windows explorer
16968
10:34:42,480 --> 10:34:43,480
and you're faced with
16969
10:34:44,000 --> 10:34:45,000
uh and you click on properties then
16970
10:34:47,360 --> 10:34:48,360
and now you have if you go to this tab
16971
10:34:49,756 --> 10:34:50,756
the compatibility tab and so you can see
16972
10:34:51,756 --> 10:34:52,756
you can choose what version of windows
16973
10:34:53,596 --> 10:34:54,596
you want to run
16974
10:34:55,040 --> 10:34:56,040
settings for instance i want to run it
16975
10:34:57,200 --> 10:34:58,200
in 256 colors at a previous 640 by 480
16976
10:35:01,520 --> 10:35:02,520
screen resolution which is really small
16977
10:35:03,916 --> 10:35:04,916
and perhaps i always want to run it as
16978
10:35:05,756 --> 10:35:06,756
an administrator
16979
10:35:07,520 --> 10:35:08,520
so you can click all of these settings
16980
10:35:10,560 --> 10:35:11,560
that you want
16981
10:35:11,840 --> 10:35:12,840
you can even have specific settings for
16982
10:35:14,320 --> 10:35:15,320
specific users
16983
10:35:16,880 --> 10:35:17,880
okay so this can be really useful if
16984
10:35:19,200 --> 10:35:20,200
there is a program that you're
16985
10:35:20,640 --> 10:35:21,640
constantly running just another way to
16986
10:35:22,480 --> 10:35:23,480
get to it if you don't want to go
16987
10:35:24,000 --> 10:35:25,000
through the control panel
16988
10:35:26,800 --> 10:35:27,800
finally let's say that you've upgraded
16989
10:35:28,560 --> 10:35:29,560
to windows 7 and you have some
16990
10:35:30,080 --> 10:35:31,080
applications that specifically run with
16991
10:35:33,436 --> 10:35:34,436
windows xp
16992
10:35:35,120 --> 10:35:36,120
windows 7 can emulate the entire windows
16993
10:35:38,640 --> 10:35:39,640
xp operating system what that means is
16994
10:35:41,040 --> 10:35:42,040
it creates a virtual operating system
16995
10:35:44,000 --> 10:35:45,000
within windows 7 that is windows xp
16996
10:35:47,916 --> 10:35:48,916
to make this happen though you have to
16997
10:35:49,756 --> 10:35:50,756
have windows 7 professional or ultimate
16998
10:35:52,000 --> 10:35:53,000
installed
16999
10:35:53,360 --> 10:35:54,360
you need to install additional
17000
10:35:55,200 --> 10:35:56,200
components that you can get off the
17001
10:35:56,640 --> 10:35:57,640
internet
17002
10:35:58,000 --> 10:35:59,000
and you also need to install what's
17003
10:35:59,756 --> 10:36:00,756
called windows xp mode also you can get
17004
10:36:02,400 --> 10:36:03,400
off the internet on microsoft site it's
17005
10:36:04,400 --> 10:36:05,400
free if you have windows 7 professional
17006
10:36:06,160 --> 10:36:07,160
or ultimate
17007
10:36:07,436 --> 10:36:08,436
but you need to install this capability
17008
10:36:10,720 --> 10:36:11,720
you then install what's called windows x
17009
10:36:12,880 --> 10:36:13,880
virtual pc which allows you to run a
17010
10:36:14,800 --> 10:36:15,800
virtual not a real but a virtual pc on
17011
10:36:17,680 --> 10:36:18,680
your windows 7 computer
17012
10:36:19,520 --> 10:36:20,520
and then you download what's called the
17013
10:36:21,276 --> 10:36:22,276
windows xp mode update and this lets you
17014
10:36:23,840 --> 10:36:24,840
run a virtual windows xp
17015
10:36:26,320 --> 10:36:27,320
on your windows 7 computer
17016
10:36:29,040 --> 10:36:30,040
these components can be downloaded for
17017
10:36:30,560 --> 10:36:31,560
free and here's the website as i
17018
10:36:32,160 --> 10:36:33,160
mentioned okay so this is a good thing
17019
10:36:34,480 --> 10:36:35,480
to know again
17020
10:36:36,800 --> 10:36:37,800
this is for i have a program that runs
17021
10:36:39,276 --> 10:36:40,276
in windows xp only it does not run in
17022
10:36:40,960 --> 10:36:41,960
windows vista it does not run in windows
17023
10:36:42,800 --> 10:36:43,800
7. and so what i need to do
17024
10:36:45,200 --> 10:36:46,200
is create a fake
17025
10:36:47,200 --> 10:36:48,200
virtual version of windows xp within
17026
10:36:49,840 --> 10:36:50,840
windows 7 that allows me to run this
17027
10:36:52,080 --> 10:36:53,080
operating uh these programs
17028
10:36:55,436 --> 10:36:56,436
so
17029
10:36:56,160 --> 10:36:57,160
we've now talked about program
17030
10:36:57,520 --> 10:36:58,520
compatibility and the windows xp mode
17031
10:36:59,840 --> 10:37:00,840
let's go over some of this stuff just
17032
10:37:01,276 --> 10:37:02,276
again
17033
10:37:02,640 --> 10:37:03,640
migrating user data with windows vista
17034
10:37:07,120 --> 10:37:08,120
and windows 7 this is built in and this
17035
10:37:09,276 --> 10:37:10,276
is the tool we're going to use the user
17036
10:37:11,360 --> 10:37:12,360
state migration tool is used mostly
17037
10:37:14,960 --> 10:37:15,960
for
17038
10:37:16,560 --> 10:37:17,560
once again
17039
10:37:18,000 --> 10:37:19,000
large deployments
17040
10:37:20,640 --> 10:37:21,640
for instance in a company
17041
10:37:24,640 --> 10:37:25,640
okay the files and settings transfer
17042
10:37:27,120 --> 10:37:28,120
wizard this is the old version in xp it
17043
10:37:30,560 --> 10:37:31,560
was replaced by the windows easy
17044
10:37:32,320 --> 10:37:33,320
transfer
17045
10:37:34,080 --> 10:37:35,080
some things about customizing user
17046
10:37:35,756 --> 10:37:36,756
environment we can revert to classic
17047
10:37:37,596 --> 10:37:38,596
mode which is basically turning off
17048
10:37:40,320 --> 10:37:41,320
arrow
17049
10:37:44,000 --> 10:37:45,000
and we get to that by right clicking on
17050
10:37:45,916 --> 10:37:46,916
the desktop okay
17051
10:37:51,680 --> 10:37:52,680
we can disable virtual visual effects
17052
10:37:54,160 --> 10:37:55,160
excuse me that's going to be
17053
10:37:56,640 --> 10:37:57,640
in that performance tab in system
17054
10:37:58,480 --> 10:37:59,480
properties
17055
10:38:02,480 --> 10:38:03,480
rather in the advanced tab under the
17056
10:38:08,240 --> 10:38:09,240
performance
17057
10:38:09,680 --> 10:38:10,680
area
17058
10:38:11,200 --> 10:38:12,200
the task scheduler allows us to schedule
17059
10:38:13,520 --> 10:38:14,520
certain tasks such as sending an email
17060
10:38:15,520 --> 10:38:16,520
running a program etc at a certain time
17061
10:38:18,320 --> 10:38:19,320
and region and language settings let us
17062
10:38:20,800 --> 10:38:21,800
for instance have different currencies
17063
10:38:23,916 --> 10:38:24,916
numbers metric systems etc
17064
10:38:29,840 --> 10:38:30,840
we talked about the windows some
17065
10:38:31,200 --> 10:38:32,200
advanced windows tools including the
17066
10:38:32,800 --> 10:38:33,800
registry which is really the brain
17067
10:38:35,916 --> 10:38:36,916
of windows
17068
10:38:38,560 --> 10:38:39,560
hives are how it's organized
17069
10:38:44,320 --> 10:38:45,320
okay the remote desktop and remote
17070
10:38:46,480 --> 10:38:47,480
assistance remote assistance requires an
17071
10:38:49,040 --> 10:38:50,040
invitation
17072
10:38:52,880 --> 10:38:53,880
and windows desktop which is disabled by
17073
10:38:55,436 --> 10:38:56,436
default
17074
10:39:03,436 --> 10:39:04,436
needs to then be
17075
10:39:06,720 --> 10:39:07,720
turned on and you use what's called the
17076
10:39:09,040 --> 10:39:10,040
rdp or rdc
17077
10:39:11,680 --> 10:39:12,680
remote desktop protocol or the remote
17078
10:39:14,080 --> 10:39:15,080
desktop connection to access it
17079
10:39:16,720 --> 10:39:17,720
finally we talked about the program
17080
10:39:17,916 --> 10:39:18,916
compatibility wizard and windows xp mode
17081
10:39:21,200 --> 10:39:22,200
both of which really allow you to run
17082
10:39:25,040 --> 10:39:26,040
an old program
17083
10:39:30,480 --> 10:39:31,480
on on the new operating system
17084
10:39:36,000 --> 10:39:37,000
right
17085
10:39:36,800 --> 10:39:37,800
let's talk a little bit more about some
17086
10:39:38,400 --> 10:39:39,400
of the fundamentals of windows uh in the
17087
10:39:41,680 --> 10:39:42,680
next couple videos including how the uh
17088
10:39:45,436 --> 10:39:46,436
how files are stored on the system and
17089
10:39:48,560 --> 10:39:49,560
some more of the customizations and
17090
10:39:50,480 --> 10:39:51,480
tools uh and how
17091
10:39:52,640 --> 10:39:53,640
the directory structure works
17092
10:39:58,450 --> 10:39:59,450
[Music]
17093
10:40:18,720 --> 10:40:19,720
windows files
17094
10:40:20,720 --> 10:40:21,720
i now want to talk about some very
17095
10:40:22,480 --> 10:40:23,480
important files that are in windows
17096
10:40:24,080 --> 10:40:25,080
including files that you need to boot
17097
10:40:26,320 --> 10:40:27,320
into the windows operating system and
17098
10:40:28,160 --> 10:40:29,160
then i also want to talk about how we
17099
10:40:30,640 --> 10:40:31,640
navigate windows in the command prompt
17100
10:40:34,000 --> 10:40:35,000
and i'm going to also demonstrate this
17101
10:40:36,000 --> 10:40:37,000
with a little demonstration at the
17102
10:40:37,276 --> 10:40:38,276
follow
17103
10:40:38,160 --> 10:40:39,160
following talking about them just to
17104
10:40:40,320 --> 10:40:41,320
give things a little more clarity
17105
10:40:42,240 --> 10:40:43,240
so we talked about we're going to talk
17106
10:40:44,080 --> 10:40:45,080
about some boot files including what
17107
10:40:46,240 --> 10:40:47,240
files are required to start xp and what
17108
10:40:48,560 --> 10:40:49,560
files are required to start vista and
17109
10:40:51,040 --> 10:40:52,040
seven now these are really important
17110
10:40:52,640 --> 10:40:53,640
because they will pop up on the a plus
17111
10:40:54,880 --> 10:40:55,880
exam okay so i want you to pay close
17112
10:40:56,720 --> 10:40:57,720
attention to these
17113
10:40:58,080 --> 10:40:59,080
we're also going to talk about file
17114
10:40:59,276 --> 10:41:00,276
associations how windows knows what to
17115
10:41:02,560 --> 10:41:03,560
do with the file when it sees it
17116
10:41:04,880 --> 10:41:05,880
and we're also going to talk about in
17117
10:41:06,080 --> 10:41:07,080
relation to this something called
17118
10:41:07,276 --> 10:41:08,276
indexing which is related to searching
17119
10:41:09,680 --> 10:41:10,680
for files
17120
10:41:10,800 --> 10:41:11,800
and then we're going to talk about
17121
10:41:12,000 --> 10:41:13,000
directories and files within the command
17122
10:41:13,680 --> 10:41:14,680
prompt and how you navigate them and
17123
10:41:15,916 --> 10:41:16,916
that includes uh
17124
10:41:17,756 --> 10:41:18,756
cd md and rd that's change directory
17125
10:41:20,880 --> 10:41:21,880
make directory in the remove directory
17126
10:41:22,480 --> 10:41:23,480
commands we're also going to look at dir
17127
10:41:24,480 --> 10:41:25,480
the directory command and tree which
17128
10:41:27,200 --> 10:41:28,200
gives you a visual representation of the
17129
10:41:29,360 --> 10:41:30,360
files on your computer
17130
10:41:31,040 --> 10:41:32,040
and then the copy
17131
10:41:32,400 --> 10:41:33,400
del or delete and move commands these
17132
10:41:35,520 --> 10:41:36,520
all these commands by the way you do
17133
10:41:37,040 --> 10:41:38,040
need to know for the a plus exam
17134
10:41:39,916 --> 10:41:40,916
okay
17135
10:41:41,040 --> 10:41:42,040
so first what windows xp boot files are
17136
10:41:43,520 --> 10:41:44,520
there well there's the nt loader file
17137
10:41:46,640 --> 10:41:47,640
and the reason you know this you should
17138
10:41:48,720 --> 10:41:49,720
recognize this is because of that nt
17139
10:41:51,916 --> 10:41:52,916
before windows xp came out there was a
17140
10:41:55,520 --> 10:41:56,520
version of windows called windows nt the
17141
10:41:57,756 --> 10:41:58,756
nt
17142
10:41:58,720 --> 10:41:59,720
stood for new technology and that really
17143
10:42:02,240 --> 10:42:03,240
revolutionized how windows was working
17144
10:42:04,880 --> 10:42:05,880
before that it was based on an operating
17145
10:42:06,640 --> 10:42:07,640
system called dos which was the disk
17146
10:42:09,040 --> 10:42:10,040
operating system and windows xp or
17147
10:42:11,756 --> 10:42:12,756
windows nt rather introduced this new
17148
10:42:14,240 --> 10:42:15,240
technology so the nt loader is the
17149
10:42:18,080 --> 10:42:19,080
program which loads windows it
17150
10:42:20,320 --> 10:42:21,320
determines which operating system is
17151
10:42:22,000 --> 10:42:23,000
going to start and if there's more than
17152
10:42:23,916 --> 10:42:24,916
one it chooses between them for you now
17153
10:42:27,200 --> 10:42:28,200
if you
17154
10:42:28,240 --> 10:42:29,240
have more than one operating system
17155
10:42:29,840 --> 10:42:30,840
installed that's going to be clarified
17156
10:42:31,680 --> 10:42:32,680
in the boot.ini file that contains a
17157
10:42:34,960 --> 10:42:35,960
menu of all the operating systems and
17158
10:42:37,916 --> 10:42:38,916
your different options for booting into
17159
10:42:39,756 --> 10:42:40,756
windows
17160
10:42:40,880 --> 10:42:41,880
finally there's the nt detect notice
17161
10:42:43,116 --> 10:42:44,116
again the nt there dot com file and that
17162
10:42:46,240 --> 10:42:47,240
detects the hardware that is installed
17163
10:42:48,400 --> 10:42:49,400
on your system so that windows can boot
17164
10:42:51,756 --> 10:42:52,756
up properly okay
17165
10:42:53,596 --> 10:42:54,596
this is the file i see most often nt
17166
10:42:56,000 --> 10:42:57,000
loader and the reason i see it is
17167
10:42:58,240 --> 10:42:59,240
sometimes you'll see you'll get an nt
17168
10:42:59,756 --> 10:43:00,756
loader
17169
10:43:01,200 --> 10:43:02,200
error and if you get an error the thing
17170
10:43:04,560 --> 10:43:05,560
that you're supposed to do and we'll
17171
10:43:05,680 --> 10:43:06,680
talk about this again when i get to
17172
10:43:07,040 --> 10:43:08,040
troubleshooting
17173
10:43:08,880 --> 10:43:09,880
is simply a copy another nt loader file
17174
10:43:12,960 --> 10:43:13,960
over
17175
10:43:13,840 --> 10:43:14,840
probably from the internet or from a cd
17176
10:43:16,560 --> 10:43:17,560
or dvd okay but that's the answer to
17177
10:43:18,720 --> 10:43:19,720
that question i see it pop up all the
17178
10:43:20,160 --> 10:43:21,160
time you're going to copy nt loader over
17179
10:43:24,000 --> 10:43:25,000
now in windows 7 and windows vista we
17180
10:43:26,240 --> 10:43:27,240
have some different file different files
17181
10:43:28,320 --> 10:43:29,320
when you're booting up the first is the
17182
10:43:30,320 --> 10:43:31,320
boot manager file this is the first file
17183
10:43:33,360 --> 10:43:34,360
that loads on the hard drive
17184
10:43:35,436 --> 10:43:36,436
and it's outside of the operating system
17185
10:43:38,000 --> 10:43:39,000
meaning it doesn't have to do with the
17186
10:43:39,200 --> 10:43:40,200
operating system it loads the operating
17187
10:43:41,040 --> 10:43:42,040
system it has to be outside of the
17188
10:43:42,800 --> 10:43:43,800
operating system otherwise the operating
17189
10:43:45,040 --> 10:43:46,040
system won't be able to it can't start
17190
10:43:46,720 --> 10:43:47,720
from within itself if that makes sense
17191
10:43:49,520 --> 10:43:50,520
this is responsible for starting any
17192
10:43:51,596 --> 10:43:52,596
particular os so for instance it's
17193
10:43:53,680 --> 10:43:54,680
responsible for starting windows 7 for
17194
10:43:55,756 --> 10:43:56,756
starting windows vista
17195
10:43:57,756 --> 10:43:58,756
once you get into that
17196
10:44:00,320 --> 10:44:01,320
it is also in charge of displaying an
17197
10:44:02,240 --> 10:44:03,240
operating system menu meaning let's say
17198
10:44:04,480 --> 10:44:05,480
you have windows 7 and windows vista
17199
10:44:06,640 --> 10:44:07,640
dual booted this is what's going to
17200
10:44:08,800 --> 10:44:09,800
allow you to boot into one or the other
17201
10:44:12,320 --> 10:44:13,320
it's also in charge of reading the bcd
17202
10:44:14,880 --> 10:44:15,880
which we're going to talk about in just
17203
10:44:16,160 --> 10:44:17,160
a second
17204
10:44:17,360 --> 10:44:18,360
so the bcd is the boot configuration
17205
10:44:20,320 --> 10:44:21,320
data
17206
10:44:21,680 --> 10:44:22,680
that tells the boot manager
17207
10:44:24,240 --> 10:44:25,240
information about booting into the
17208
10:44:25,916 --> 10:44:26,916
operating system
17209
10:44:27,756 --> 10:44:28,756
this is actually the successor to boot
17210
10:44:29,840 --> 10:44:30,840
ini
17211
10:44:30,880 --> 10:44:31,880
so boot i and i was in windows xp bcd
17212
10:44:34,000 --> 10:44:35,000
the boot configuration data tells
17213
10:44:35,916 --> 10:44:36,916
windows how to boot the operating system
17214
10:44:38,720 --> 10:44:39,720
so not just which operating system to
17215
10:44:40,160 --> 10:44:41,160
boot but how it's going to boot it
17216
10:44:42,640 --> 10:44:43,640
it can be modified with a file with a ms
17217
10:44:46,160 --> 10:44:47,160
config utility we're going to talk about
17218
10:44:48,160 --> 10:44:49,160
that when we get into windows or in a
17219
10:44:50,880 --> 10:44:51,880
program called the bcd edit utility i
17220
10:44:53,596 --> 10:44:54,596
doubt you'll ever go into this utility
17221
10:44:55,520 --> 10:44:56,520
but it's good to know about anyway so
17222
10:44:57,756 --> 10:44:58,756
the bcd feeds boot manager on how to
17223
10:45:01,596 --> 10:45:02,596
load up the operating system
17224
10:45:06,000 --> 10:45:07,000
so the boot files required to start xp
17225
10:45:10,400 --> 10:45:11,400
nt loader
17226
10:45:14,080 --> 10:45:15,080
boot ini
17227
10:45:16,960 --> 10:45:17,960
and
17228
10:45:18,080 --> 10:45:19,080
nt
17229
10:45:19,360 --> 10:45:20,360
detect
17230
10:45:21,916 --> 10:45:22,916
and the files required to start windows
17231
10:45:23,840 --> 10:45:24,840
7 or
17232
10:45:25,276 --> 10:45:26,276
windows vista
17233
10:45:28,720 --> 10:45:29,720
bcd
17234
10:45:30,880 --> 10:45:31,880
which
17235
10:45:31,680 --> 10:45:32,680
feeds information
17236
10:45:35,200 --> 10:45:36,200
to the boot manager
17237
10:45:40,720 --> 10:45:41,720
great
17238
10:45:43,040 --> 10:45:44,040
now
17239
10:45:43,916 --> 10:45:44,916
file what are file associations you've
17240
10:45:46,240 --> 10:45:47,240
probably seen these dot jpeg dot doc etc
17241
10:45:50,240 --> 10:45:51,240
this tells the computer what the
17242
10:45:52,400 --> 10:45:53,400
relationship is between a file and its
17243
10:45:54,560 --> 10:45:55,560
application
17244
10:45:55,916 --> 10:45:56,916
the extension of the file which is
17245
10:45:57,840 --> 10:45:58,840
generally designated by a dot and then
17246
10:46:00,000 --> 10:46:01,000
three letters
17247
10:46:02,160 --> 10:46:03,160
determines
17248
10:46:03,520 --> 10:46:04,520
what application is going to open that
17249
10:46:05,116 --> 10:46:06,116
file
17250
10:46:06,080 --> 10:46:07,080
now you can modify this by
17251
10:46:08,000 --> 10:46:09,000
right-clicking on the file in windows
17252
10:46:12,560 --> 10:46:13,560
and go to the open with
17253
10:46:15,360 --> 10:46:16,360
button
17254
10:46:16,240 --> 10:46:17,240
so you're going to right click a file
17255
10:46:17,436 --> 10:46:18,436
and i'll show you this when we go into
17256
10:46:18,560 --> 10:46:19,560
the demonstration and you'll right-click
17257
10:46:20,800 --> 10:46:21,800
a file and go to open with and it'll
17258
10:46:23,840 --> 10:46:24,840
open
17259
10:46:24,960 --> 10:46:25,960
uh this properties window for instance
17260
10:46:28,480 --> 10:46:29,480
and under the general tab you'll see it
17261
10:46:30,160 --> 10:46:31,160
tells you what type of file it is
17262
10:46:32,800 --> 10:46:33,800
you can then choose what to open the
17263
10:46:35,276 --> 10:46:36,276
file with
17264
10:46:36,880 --> 10:46:37,880
so for instance right now it's going to
17265
10:46:38,240 --> 10:46:39,240
be opened all jpegs are going to be
17266
10:46:40,000 --> 10:46:41,000
opened with the windows photo viewer
17267
10:46:41,916 --> 10:46:42,916
because jpeg is an image i could change
17268
10:46:43,840 --> 10:46:44,840
this and say no i want it to be open
17269
10:46:45,116 --> 10:46:46,116
with paint for instance
17270
10:46:49,840 --> 10:46:50,840
indexing
17271
10:46:51,040 --> 10:46:52,040
has to do with searching
17272
10:46:53,276 --> 10:46:54,276
this helps you find files faster if a
17273
10:46:56,800 --> 10:46:57,800
file is indexed that means windows has
17274
10:46:59,520 --> 10:47:00,520
set it aside as a file
17275
10:47:03,116 --> 10:47:04,116
uh which it ha it knows where it is so
17276
10:47:06,080 --> 10:47:07,080
you can find it
17277
10:47:07,436 --> 10:47:08,436
however if you index everything on your
17278
10:47:09,276 --> 10:47:10,276
operating system that's gonna lead your
17279
10:47:10,880 --> 10:47:11,880
operating system to constantly indexing
17280
10:47:13,116 --> 10:47:14,116
and then it's gonna take a lot longer so
17281
10:47:15,360 --> 10:47:16,360
windows doesn't index every single file
17282
10:47:17,520 --> 10:47:18,520
it only indexes certain files and to
17283
10:47:20,080 --> 10:47:21,080
adjust the win the indexing settings in
17284
10:47:22,240 --> 10:47:23,240
windows 7 you can go to the start
17285
10:47:24,320 --> 10:47:25,320
control panel
17286
10:47:25,840 --> 10:47:26,840
and then indexing options
17287
10:47:28,560 --> 10:47:29,560
and it'll bring up this menu and then
17288
10:47:30,560 --> 10:47:31,560
you can say what files you want to be
17289
10:47:33,276 --> 10:47:34,276
indexed so right now you see the users
17290
10:47:35,520 --> 10:47:36,520
folder is indexed but for instance um
17291
10:47:38,480 --> 10:47:39,480
the entire c drive the entire computer
17292
10:47:41,436 --> 10:47:42,436
is not indexed and you can modify this
17293
10:47:43,916 --> 10:47:44,916
right down here
17294
10:47:47,040 --> 10:47:48,040
right click so you click the modify
17295
10:47:48,720 --> 10:47:49,720
button and that's going to allow you to
17296
10:47:51,200 --> 10:47:52,200
add or deselect certain folders that you
17297
10:47:53,680 --> 10:47:54,680
do or don't want indexed
17298
10:47:59,916 --> 10:48:00,916
indexing is controlled by what's called
17299
10:48:01,840 --> 10:48:02,840
the windows search service
17300
10:48:04,080 --> 10:48:05,080
we'll talk about services a little bit
17301
10:48:05,680 --> 10:48:06,680
later but it's important to know that
17302
10:48:07,840 --> 10:48:08,840
indexing is controlled by this service
17303
10:48:10,080 --> 10:48:11,080
windows search properties so if you
17304
10:48:12,560 --> 10:48:13,560
disable the windows search service you
17305
10:48:15,360 --> 10:48:16,360
are in effect disabling windows indexing
17306
10:48:20,080 --> 10:48:21,080
if you're having trouble with searching
17307
10:48:21,916 --> 10:48:22,916
for files or with certain files being
17308
10:48:24,640 --> 10:48:25,640
indexed generally speaking you can
17309
10:48:26,240 --> 10:48:27,240
restart the computer and that should fix
17310
10:48:28,480 --> 10:48:29,480
the issue for you
17311
10:48:33,200 --> 10:48:34,200
you can also turn off indexing or turn
17312
10:48:35,040 --> 10:48:36,040
it on for individual files or
17313
10:48:36,480 --> 10:48:37,480
directories simply right click on that
17314
10:48:38,720 --> 10:48:39,720
file go to properties and then under the
17315
10:48:41,200 --> 10:48:42,200
general tab you can choose attributes
17316
10:48:44,640 --> 10:48:45,640
for the file and you'll see right here
17317
10:48:50,480 --> 10:48:51,480
allow file in this folder to have its
17318
10:48:52,720 --> 10:48:53,720
properties be indexed that way you can
17319
10:48:54,800 --> 10:48:55,800
make sure everything in a certain file
17320
10:48:56,800 --> 10:48:57,800
can be searchable okay so you
17321
10:48:59,200 --> 10:49:00,200
right-click the file directory and you
17322
10:49:01,276 --> 10:49:02,276
can choose whether or not you want it to
17323
10:49:03,200 --> 10:49:04,200
be indexed by going to properties and
17324
10:49:05,680 --> 10:49:06,680
then selecting the index option let me
17325
10:49:07,840 --> 10:49:08,840
show you those right now i'm going to go
17326
10:49:10,160 --> 10:49:11,160
into my computer here
17327
10:49:12,800 --> 10:49:13,800
and let's say i want everything in this
17328
10:49:15,436 --> 10:49:16,436
folder to be indexed
17329
10:49:17,200 --> 10:49:18,200
i right click on the folder
17330
10:49:19,916 --> 10:49:20,916
i go to properties
17331
10:49:22,640 --> 10:49:23,640
and under attributes i click advanced
17332
10:49:26,640 --> 10:49:27,640
here now
17333
10:49:27,916 --> 10:49:28,916
i can either choose to select
17334
10:49:30,560 --> 10:49:31,560
or deselect files to be indexed
17335
10:49:44,960 --> 10:49:45,960
if i want to go into the control panel
17336
10:49:48,240 --> 10:49:49,240
and i'm just going to search to make it
17337
10:49:49,680 --> 10:49:50,680
easier for myself
17338
10:49:51,276 --> 10:49:52,276
i can go to indexing options
17339
10:49:56,560 --> 10:49:57,560
and here i can modify which folders
17340
10:50:00,320 --> 10:50:01,320
i want to be indexed so you can see
17341
10:50:02,160 --> 10:50:03,160
right now the users folder is indexed
17342
10:50:03,756 --> 10:50:04,756
maybe i don't want that to be indexed or
17343
10:50:05,360 --> 10:50:06,360
maybe i do
17344
10:50:08,720 --> 10:50:09,720
as far as file associations
17345
10:50:11,916 --> 10:50:12,916
i'm going to find one of those picture
17346
10:50:13,756 --> 10:50:14,756
files i was looking at earlier
17347
10:50:21,040 --> 10:50:22,040
i'm going to right click
17348
10:50:26,240 --> 10:50:27,240
and i can either go to open with
17349
10:50:28,880 --> 10:50:29,880
and choose to open it with a specific
17350
10:50:30,640 --> 10:50:31,640
program
17351
10:50:32,560 --> 10:50:33,560
or i can go to properties
17352
10:50:39,276 --> 10:50:40,276
and here i can change
17353
10:50:46,160 --> 10:50:47,160
what program i use to open the file so
17354
10:50:49,116 --> 10:50:50,116
we've talked about file associations and
17355
10:50:51,840 --> 10:50:52,840
indexing files
17356
10:50:53,520 --> 10:50:54,520
now let's look at the directories and
17357
10:50:55,756 --> 10:50:56,756
files within the command prompt
17358
10:50:59,276 --> 10:51:00,276
now the command prompt is a text based
17359
10:51:03,436 --> 10:51:04,436
uh
17360
10:51:04,320 --> 10:51:05,320
way to interface with the computer
17361
10:51:06,400 --> 10:51:07,400
unlike the other ways we've been dealing
17362
10:51:07,840 --> 10:51:08,840
which is called graphical we'll talk
17363
10:51:09,520 --> 10:51:10,520
more about that later too
17364
10:51:11,116 --> 10:51:12,116
i want to cover the commands you need to
17365
10:51:12,960 --> 10:51:13,960
know first of all and then we'll go and
17366
10:51:14,880 --> 10:51:15,880
i'll show you them the first is the dir
17367
10:51:17,040 --> 10:51:18,040
command
17368
10:51:18,240 --> 10:51:19,240
this is the directory command
17369
10:51:20,720 --> 10:51:21,720
it displays the content of the current
17370
10:51:23,276 --> 10:51:24,276
directory
17371
10:51:24,560 --> 10:51:25,560
that you are in
17372
10:51:26,320 --> 10:51:27,320
you can customize how the content is
17373
10:51:28,400 --> 10:51:29,400
listed via what are called switches
17374
10:51:30,960 --> 10:51:31,960
for more about any of these switches you
17375
10:51:32,720 --> 10:51:33,720
do a switch
17376
10:51:34,080 --> 10:51:35,080
question mark now when i say switch
17377
10:51:35,756 --> 10:51:36,756
that's that backslash
17378
10:51:39,276 --> 10:51:40,276
there's also the tree command
17379
10:51:41,596 --> 10:51:42,596
this shows you all the directories and
17380
10:51:43,360 --> 10:51:44,360
subdirectories in their current position
17381
10:51:46,000 --> 10:51:47,000
in a visual way
17382
10:51:48,080 --> 10:51:49,080
you got to be careful about this though
17383
10:51:49,596 --> 10:51:50,596
because the tree command can take you a
17384
10:51:51,596 --> 10:51:52,596
long time to get through
17385
10:51:54,960 --> 10:51:55,960
and it can stress out the hard drive and
17386
10:51:57,276 --> 10:51:58,276
the resources if it's too long and i'll
17387
10:51:59,596 --> 10:52:00,596
show you what that is so
17388
10:52:02,640 --> 10:52:03,640
let's um
17389
10:52:04,000 --> 10:52:05,000
let's go ahead and take a look at this
17390
10:52:08,080 --> 10:52:09,080
first
17391
10:52:09,276 --> 10:52:10,276
i'm going to go to the command prompt by
17392
10:52:11,116 --> 10:52:12,116
clicking start
17393
10:52:13,116 --> 10:52:14,116
going to all programs
17394
10:52:15,840 --> 10:52:16,840
accessories
17395
10:52:18,480 --> 10:52:19,480
and command prompt
17396
10:52:20,240 --> 10:52:21,240
so here i'm met with the command prompt
17397
10:52:22,240 --> 10:52:23,240
which now i can
17398
10:52:24,560 --> 10:52:25,560
type in some commands to
17399
10:52:27,040 --> 10:52:28,040
the first we wanted to look at is the
17400
10:52:28,480 --> 10:52:29,480
dir command
17401
10:52:31,116 --> 10:52:32,116
notice it brings up the directory and
17402
10:52:33,040 --> 10:52:34,040
all the files in the directory i'm in
17403
10:52:35,756 --> 10:52:36,756
it says next to it whether the file is a
17404
10:52:37,680 --> 10:52:38,680
file or a directory so you can see here
17405
10:52:40,400 --> 10:52:41,400
all of these are directories
17406
10:52:42,720 --> 10:52:43,720
if we want to do use the tree command
17407
10:52:44,480 --> 10:52:45,480
instead
17408
10:52:45,756 --> 10:52:46,756
notice i'm just going to make this a
17409
10:52:47,040 --> 10:52:48,040
little bigger
17410
10:52:50,800 --> 10:52:51,800
notice how now it gives me a visual
17411
10:52:52,640 --> 10:52:53,640
representation instead
17412
10:52:54,480 --> 10:52:55,480
now remember what i was saying about
17413
10:52:55,756 --> 10:52:56,756
switches
17414
10:52:58,080 --> 10:52:59,080
if i do a switch question mark that's
17415
10:53:00,160 --> 10:53:01,160
like saying help and it tells me all the
17416
10:53:02,480 --> 10:53:03,480
different things i can do
17417
10:53:04,560 --> 10:53:05,560
when searching so for instance let's say
17418
10:53:07,520 --> 10:53:08,520
i want it to
17419
10:53:09,436 --> 10:53:10,436
display
17420
10:53:11,436 --> 10:53:12,436
hidden files
17421
10:53:13,360 --> 10:53:14,360
what i might do
17422
10:53:15,596 --> 10:53:16,596
is then do a slash a
17423
10:53:18,000 --> 10:53:19,000
so let's take a look at that dir
17424
10:53:21,040 --> 10:53:22,040
switch a
17425
10:53:23,200 --> 10:53:24,200
and then
17426
10:53:25,200 --> 10:53:26,200
i'm just going to point this out
17427
10:53:28,960 --> 10:53:29,960
and then
17428
10:53:30,480 --> 10:53:31,480
if you notice right here it says
17429
10:53:32,720 --> 10:53:33,720
attributes
17430
10:53:34,080 --> 10:53:35,080
hidden files
17431
10:53:35,520 --> 10:53:36,520
so i'm going to use h for hidden files
17432
10:53:37,436 --> 10:53:38,436
and let's see what that gives us
17433
10:53:39,360 --> 10:53:40,360
now look at all the files that suddenly
17434
10:53:41,840 --> 10:53:42,840
pop up that we didn't see before
17435
10:53:46,000 --> 10:53:47,000
i'm going to use the cls for the clear
17436
10:53:48,240 --> 10:53:49,240
screen
17437
10:53:49,756 --> 10:53:50,756
do a dir again so you can see it
17438
10:53:52,320 --> 10:53:53,320
dir the directory command shows you
17439
10:53:54,560 --> 10:53:55,560
what's in the directory at that moment
17440
10:53:58,960 --> 10:53:59,960
so
17441
10:53:59,840 --> 10:54:00,840
let's look at a couple other commands
17442
10:54:01,116 --> 10:54:02,116
that are helpful to know
17443
10:54:04,080 --> 10:54:05,080
cd is the change directory command i
17444
10:54:06,560 --> 10:54:07,560
just showed you how to show everything
17445
10:54:07,916 --> 10:54:08,916
in a directory what if you wanted to go
17446
10:54:09,436 --> 10:54:10,436
into a specific directory
17447
10:54:11,360 --> 10:54:12,360
this cd command lets you move from one
17448
10:54:13,360 --> 10:54:14,360
directory to another
17449
10:54:15,680 --> 10:54:16,680
md is the make directory command it
17450
10:54:18,480 --> 10:54:19,480
allows you to make a new directory
17451
10:54:21,596 --> 10:54:22,596
finally rd allows you to remove
17452
10:54:24,080 --> 10:54:25,080
directories
17453
10:54:26,960 --> 10:54:27,960
so if we go back into windows
17454
10:54:30,720 --> 10:54:31,720
i'm going to use my cls command to clear
17455
10:54:32,720 --> 10:54:33,720
the screen
17456
10:54:34,000 --> 10:54:35,000
and i'm going to do a dir
17457
10:54:36,400 --> 10:54:37,400
and i can see all the different
17458
10:54:39,596 --> 10:54:40,596
folders in my current directory i'm
17459
10:54:41,520 --> 10:54:42,520
going to move this folder over just a
17460
10:54:43,360 --> 10:54:44,360
little bit the screen over just a little
17461
10:54:44,800 --> 10:54:45,800
bit so you can see so i can show you
17462
10:54:46,160 --> 10:54:47,160
something
17463
10:54:47,200 --> 10:54:48,200
okay
17464
10:54:49,040 --> 10:54:50,040
so
17465
10:54:51,436 --> 10:54:52,436
let's say that i want to go into the
17466
10:54:53,040 --> 10:54:54,040
desktop
17467
10:54:54,880 --> 10:54:55,880
folder which would also be the folder
17468
10:54:57,040 --> 10:54:58,040
that you see on the screen
17469
10:54:58,800 --> 10:54:59,800
i'm going to say cd
17470
10:55:01,040 --> 10:55:02,040
space
17471
10:55:03,040 --> 10:55:04,040
desktop
17472
10:55:06,480 --> 10:55:07,480
now if i do a dir
17473
10:55:10,000 --> 10:55:11,000
i don't have any folders in there
17474
10:55:11,756 --> 10:55:12,756
because the computer and recycle bin
17475
10:55:13,680 --> 10:55:14,680
icons
17476
10:55:14,800 --> 10:55:15,800
they're not actually folders or files
17477
10:55:17,360 --> 10:55:18,360
but let's try to make a directory
17478
10:55:19,916 --> 10:55:20,916
on the desktop and see what happens i'm
17479
10:55:21,756 --> 10:55:22,756
going to md
17480
10:55:23,360 --> 10:55:24,360
space
17481
10:55:25,116 --> 10:55:26,116
i'm going to call my new directory new
17482
10:55:27,756 --> 10:55:28,756
i press enter
17483
10:55:29,520 --> 10:55:30,520
and all of a sudden look not only did i
17484
10:55:31,520 --> 10:55:32,520
create that new file which if i go to
17485
10:55:33,680 --> 10:55:34,680
dir it'll show
17486
10:55:36,160 --> 10:55:37,160
but look on the desktop now i have a
17487
10:55:38,960 --> 10:55:39,960
folder called new
17488
10:55:41,756 --> 10:55:42,756
if i want to remove that directory i use
17489
10:55:44,240 --> 10:55:45,240
rd
17490
10:55:47,596 --> 10:55:48,596
new
17491
10:55:49,596 --> 10:55:50,596
and automatically that file is gone
17492
10:55:53,040 --> 10:55:54,040
to go backwards
17493
10:55:55,200 --> 10:55:56,200
use two spaces uh two periods cd period
17494
10:55:59,200 --> 10:56:00,200
period
17495
10:56:00,560 --> 10:56:01,560
and that'll send you backwards
17496
10:56:02,720 --> 10:56:03,720
so right now i'm in c users josh penzel
17497
10:56:05,520 --> 10:56:06,520
folder
17498
10:56:06,480 --> 10:56:07,480
cd period period sends me back to users
17499
10:56:10,320 --> 10:56:11,320
dir i can see all the different folders
17500
10:56:12,560 --> 10:56:13,560
there and if i want to go back into the
17501
10:56:14,320 --> 10:56:15,320
josh penzel folder
17502
10:56:16,960 --> 10:56:17,960
i use my cd command
17503
10:56:19,756 --> 10:56:20,756
all right
17504
10:56:20,880 --> 10:56:21,880
finally
17505
10:56:22,640 --> 10:56:23,640
let's say i want to copy a file
17506
10:56:25,436 --> 10:56:26,436
i can use the copy command
17507
10:56:28,720 --> 10:56:29,720
there are more powerful versions of this
17508
10:56:30,480 --> 10:56:31,480
command such as xcopy and robocopy and
17509
10:56:33,436 --> 10:56:34,436
we'll look at those a little bit later
17510
10:56:34,720 --> 10:56:35,720
when we get into troubleshooting
17511
10:56:37,520 --> 10:56:38,520
there's also the del command which
17512
10:56:39,360 --> 10:56:40,360
allows me to delete files not folders
17513
10:56:42,480 --> 10:56:43,480
that's why i have the rd or remove
17514
10:56:44,560 --> 10:56:45,560
directory command
17515
10:56:46,640 --> 10:56:47,640
finally move lets me move something
17516
10:56:49,436 --> 10:56:50,436
instead of
17517
10:56:50,640 --> 10:56:51,640
a copy it and notice that move is also
17518
10:56:53,840 --> 10:56:54,840
how we use rename
17519
10:56:55,520 --> 10:56:56,520
that's because there was no rename
17520
10:56:57,756 --> 10:56:58,756
command what you would do is move the
17521
10:56:59,840 --> 10:57:00,840
old move one file to another one
17522
10:57:02,640 --> 10:57:03,640
and call it something different let's
17523
10:57:04,480 --> 10:57:05,480
take a look at that
17524
10:57:05,756 --> 10:57:06,756
so i've created a file on the desktop
17525
10:57:08,320 --> 10:57:09,320
called file
17526
10:57:09,756 --> 10:57:10,756
i'm going to change directory into the
17527
10:57:12,080 --> 10:57:13,080
desktop
17528
10:57:14,960 --> 10:57:15,960
do a dir so i can see that there is in
17529
10:57:17,276 --> 10:57:18,276
fact a file called file.txt
17530
10:57:20,560 --> 10:57:21,560
now let's say i want to copy that file
17531
10:57:24,000 --> 10:57:25,000
i'm going to copy
17532
10:57:26,000 --> 10:57:27,000
file.txt
17533
10:57:28,720 --> 10:57:29,720
and then i'm going to give the location
17534
10:57:30,320 --> 10:57:31,320
of the new file
17535
10:57:32,080 --> 10:57:33,080
let's say i want it to be in the same
17536
10:57:33,596 --> 10:57:34,596
directory
17537
10:57:34,400 --> 10:57:35,400
in the desktop directory but i want to
17538
10:57:36,160 --> 10:57:37,160
call it something different
17539
10:57:40,240 --> 10:57:41,240
file
17540
10:57:42,320 --> 10:57:43,320
2.txt
17541
10:57:44,080 --> 10:57:45,080
so what this is telling it is i'm going
17542
10:57:45,436 --> 10:57:46,436
to copy file.txt to file2.txt
17543
10:57:49,276 --> 10:57:50,276
i do that and notice now there's a new
17544
10:57:51,116 --> 10:57:52,116
file called file2
17545
10:57:53,360 --> 10:57:54,360
now i use the del command to delete a
17546
10:57:55,916 --> 10:57:56,916
file so let's say i want to delete file2
17547
10:57:59,680 --> 10:58:00,680
del
17548
10:58:00,840 --> 10:58:01,840
file2.txt
17549
10:58:02,640 --> 10:58:03,640
and now file2 has been deleted
17550
10:58:05,840 --> 10:58:06,840
let's say i want to rename a file i'm
17551
10:58:07,520 --> 10:58:08,520
going to use the move command
17552
10:58:09,436 --> 10:58:10,436
move
17553
10:58:10,560 --> 10:58:11,560
file.txt
17554
10:58:13,840 --> 10:58:14,840
to file2.txt
17555
10:58:17,840 --> 10:58:18,840
notice that file no longer exists it's
17556
10:58:19,916 --> 10:58:20,916
been replaced by file2
17557
10:58:22,960 --> 10:58:23,960
let's go ahead and copy
17558
10:58:24,880 --> 10:58:25,880
again file2.txt
17559
10:58:27,200 --> 10:58:28,200
and make a file called file.txt
17560
10:58:31,200 --> 10:58:32,200
all right
17561
10:58:32,800 --> 10:58:33,800
so
17562
10:58:33,520 --> 10:58:34,520
now we just talked about directories and
17563
10:58:35,520 --> 10:58:36,520
files in the command prompt including
17564
10:58:37,040 --> 10:58:38,040
the cd md and rd commands that's change
17565
10:58:39,916 --> 10:58:40,916
directory make directory and remove
17566
10:58:41,520 --> 10:58:42,520
directory the dir and tree commands
17567
10:58:44,800 --> 10:58:45,800
that's directory in the tree command
17568
10:58:46,560 --> 10:58:47,560
which gives us a visual representation
17569
10:58:48,400 --> 10:58:49,400
of the directory
17570
10:58:49,596 --> 10:58:50,596
and the copy del or delete command and
17571
10:58:52,800 --> 10:58:53,800
move commands
17572
10:58:54,320 --> 10:58:55,320
so again
17573
10:58:55,596 --> 10:58:56,596
we talked about the boot files in
17574
10:58:58,400 --> 10:58:59,400
windows xp and windows 7 or vista
17575
10:59:02,560 --> 10:59:03,560
in windows xp the one i want you to
17576
10:59:04,320 --> 10:59:05,320
remember the most
17577
10:59:05,756 --> 10:59:06,756
is nt loader
17578
10:59:07,840 --> 10:59:08,840
although it doesn't hurt to remember
17579
10:59:09,360 --> 10:59:10,360
boot i and i
17580
10:59:12,400 --> 10:59:13,400
and
17581
10:59:14,000 --> 10:59:15,000
nt detect as well
17582
10:59:17,680 --> 10:59:18,680
in windows vista or windows 7
17583
10:59:20,960 --> 10:59:21,960
we have the bcd
17584
10:59:23,040 --> 10:59:24,040
file
17585
10:59:24,080 --> 10:59:25,080
which feeds into the boot manager
17586
10:59:29,520 --> 10:59:30,520
we looked at file associations and
17587
10:59:31,436 --> 10:59:32,436
indexing
17588
10:59:32,640 --> 10:59:33,640
indexing which has to do with searching
17589
10:59:34,880 --> 10:59:35,880
and those file associations which tell
17590
10:59:37,916 --> 10:59:38,916
the computer what program to use
17591
10:59:43,756 --> 10:59:44,756
and then we looked at the directories
17592
10:59:45,200 --> 10:59:46,200
and files in the command prompt
17593
10:59:47,040 --> 10:59:48,040
including the change make and remove
17594
10:59:49,436 --> 10:59:50,436
directory
17595
10:59:50,720 --> 10:59:51,720
commands
17596
11:00:01,436 --> 11:00:02,436
the dir and tree commands and that's d4
17597
11:00:05,040 --> 11:00:06,040
directory
17598
11:00:10,640 --> 11:00:11,640
and then the copy delete and move
17599
11:00:12,960 --> 11:00:13,960
commands
17600
11:00:14,640 --> 11:00:15,640
so let's finish this off by going a
17601
11:00:17,116 --> 11:00:18,116
little bit back into
17602
11:00:19,200 --> 11:00:20,200
the file systems how windows deals with
17603
11:00:22,080 --> 11:00:23,080
files in general
17604
11:00:24,080 --> 11:00:25,080
and
17605
11:00:25,276 --> 11:00:26,276
how it stores those files onto the hard
17606
11:00:27,276 --> 11:00:28,276
drive
17607
11:00:30,890 --> 11:00:31,890
[Music]
17608
11:00:45,840 --> 11:00:46,840
welcome to module 10 lesson 4a this is
17609
11:00:48,560 --> 11:00:49,560
the update for the new syllabus entry
17610
11:00:51,116 --> 11:00:52,116
for windows
17611
11:00:52,480 --> 11:00:53,480
8 and 8.1
17612
11:00:55,436 --> 11:00:56,436
we're going to look at an introduction
17613
11:00:57,276 --> 11:00:58,276
the start screen apps side by side apps
17614
11:01:01,596 --> 11:01:02,596
how to use two apps side by side the
17615
11:01:04,320 --> 11:01:05,320
modern ui
17616
11:01:06,480 --> 11:01:07,480
pinning one drive windows store
17617
11:01:09,360 --> 11:01:10,360
multi-monitor tasks task bars charms
17618
11:01:12,400 --> 11:01:13,400
power shell
17619
11:01:14,320 --> 11:01:15,320
live sign in
17620
11:01:16,000 --> 11:01:17,000
and the action center
17621
11:01:18,480 --> 11:01:19,480
this is a screenshot of windows 8.
17622
11:01:22,720 --> 11:01:23,720
you can see it's a lot more
17623
11:01:24,800 --> 11:01:25,800
um
17624
11:01:25,756 --> 11:01:26,756
graphically oriented than other versions
17625
11:01:28,480 --> 11:01:29,480
of windows
17626
11:01:29,840 --> 11:01:30,840
we don't see the icons and desktop
17627
11:01:32,880 --> 11:01:33,880
icons that we
17628
11:01:34,400 --> 11:01:35,400
used to see
17629
11:01:35,680 --> 11:01:36,680
in earlier versions of windows
17630
11:01:38,320 --> 11:01:39,320
and the reason is it's intended to be
17631
11:01:40,000 --> 11:01:41,000
run on a variety of devices
17632
11:01:42,800 --> 11:01:43,800
desktop laptops tablets and even
17633
11:01:45,276 --> 11:01:46,276
smartphones
17634
11:01:46,400 --> 11:01:47,400
so it needs to be able to
17635
11:01:48,240 --> 11:01:49,240
have the same look and feel
17636
11:01:50,000 --> 11:01:51,000
among um
17637
11:01:51,680 --> 11:01:52,680
across a multiple multitude of devices
17638
11:01:54,720 --> 11:01:55,720
it also has a new user interface it's
17639
11:01:57,116 --> 11:01:58,116
different
17640
11:01:58,240 --> 11:01:59,240
from earlier versions of the window so
17641
11:02:00,320 --> 11:02:01,320
it'll take a little bit of getting used
17642
11:02:02,000 --> 11:02:03,000
to i know some people will hate it and
17643
11:02:04,720 --> 11:02:05,720
other people will love it
17644
11:02:06,480 --> 11:02:07,480
the other thing is i'm going to go
17645
11:02:07,916 --> 11:02:08,916
through all these features but i really
17646
11:02:09,276 --> 11:02:10,276
do recommend you
17647
11:02:10,880 --> 11:02:11,880
um
17648
11:02:12,160 --> 11:02:13,160
do it yourself you can install windows 8
17649
11:02:15,520 --> 11:02:16,520
in a virtual machine i've just pulled up
17650
11:02:18,240 --> 11:02:19,240
one entry from google
17651
11:02:20,480 --> 11:02:21,480
on wikihow.com
17652
11:02:22,880 --> 11:02:23,880
and you still do need the version of
17653
11:02:25,116 --> 11:02:26,116
windows which you can download from the
17654
11:02:26,800 --> 11:02:27,800
microsoft website
17655
11:02:28,480 --> 11:02:29,480
i'm not sure if they do trial versions
17656
11:02:30,240 --> 11:02:31,240
or not and i don't think they do but do
17657
11:02:33,680 --> 11:02:34,680
check that out but you need the um
17658
11:02:36,160 --> 11:02:37,160
virtualbox software
17659
11:02:37,916 --> 11:02:38,916
and then this particular web page
17660
11:02:40,640 --> 11:02:41,640
tells you how to install virtualbox and
17661
11:02:42,800 --> 11:02:43,800
then windows inside you need the
17662
11:02:45,520 --> 11:02:46,520
iso image to iso in order to install it
17663
11:02:49,520 --> 11:02:50,520
on the virtualbox
17664
11:02:52,080 --> 11:02:53,080
so the user interface the ui is so
17665
11:02:54,720 --> 11:02:55,720
simple that it can be used across
17666
11:02:56,000 --> 11:02:57,000
various devices as designed for maximum
17667
11:02:58,720 --> 11:02:59,720
user friendliness
17668
11:03:00,240 --> 11:03:01,240
start menu has been replaced by a start
17669
11:03:02,560 --> 11:03:03,560
screen
17670
11:03:05,200 --> 11:03:06,200
start screen has got a group of larger
17671
11:03:07,276 --> 11:03:08,276
size colorful icons these are called
17672
11:03:09,116 --> 11:03:10,116
tiles and these represent the um
17673
11:03:12,800 --> 11:03:13,800
the software programs there's like a
17674
11:03:14,320 --> 11:03:15,320
window into the actual
17675
11:03:16,080 --> 11:03:17,080
program
17676
11:03:17,436 --> 11:03:18,436
uh
17677
11:03:18,320 --> 11:03:19,320
you've got two tile sizes you've got the
17678
11:03:20,240 --> 11:03:21,240
rectangular which is obviously bigger
17679
11:03:22,400 --> 11:03:23,400
and then the square
17680
11:03:25,360 --> 11:03:26,360
you can access them from the start
17681
11:03:26,720 --> 11:03:27,720
screen by the single clicking or by
17682
11:03:29,040 --> 11:03:30,040
touching the tile
17683
11:03:32,000 --> 11:03:33,000
many of the tiles are animated and they
17684
11:03:33,756 --> 11:03:34,756
display the current information
17685
11:03:35,756 --> 11:03:36,756
of the software program directly on the
17686
11:03:37,916 --> 11:03:38,916
start screen so they'll be quite dynamic
17687
11:03:42,400 --> 11:03:43,400
an emails program will tally as emails
17688
11:03:45,436 --> 11:03:46,436
come in so it will give you a count of
17689
11:03:47,360 --> 11:03:48,360
how many unread emails you have in your
17690
11:03:49,436 --> 11:03:50,436
inbox
17691
11:03:51,200 --> 11:03:52,200
there's apps which are software programs
17692
11:03:53,116 --> 11:03:54,116
designed to run from the start screen
17693
11:03:55,756 --> 11:03:56,756
examples that we would all tend to use
17694
11:03:58,720 --> 11:03:59,720
every day are weather the date email and
17695
11:04:01,680 --> 11:04:02,680
the calculator
17696
11:04:05,680 --> 11:04:06,680
apps run inside the windows rt which is
17697
11:04:08,000 --> 11:04:09,000
the new runtime environment
17698
11:04:10,160 --> 11:04:11,160
of windows 8.
17699
11:04:13,360 --> 11:04:14,360
many apps provide consistent user
17700
11:04:15,040 --> 11:04:16,040
interfaces such as full page scrolling
17701
11:04:17,436 --> 11:04:18,436
and back buttons this is again so you
17702
11:04:19,916 --> 11:04:20,916
can just have the same experience with
17703
11:04:23,200 --> 11:04:24,200
each app rather than have to learn a new
17704
11:04:25,596 --> 11:04:26,596
way of navigating around each app when
17705
11:04:28,160 --> 11:04:29,160
it's opened
17706
11:04:29,756 --> 11:04:30,756
traditional desktop apps can appear side
17707
11:04:31,840 --> 11:04:32,840
by side with the apps on the start
17708
11:04:34,160 --> 11:04:35,160
screen
17709
11:04:36,400 --> 11:04:37,400
an app open in windows 8 takes up the
17710
11:04:38,640 --> 11:04:39,640
entire screen there's something called a
17711
11:04:40,800 --> 11:04:41,800
snap feature windows 8 this lets two
17712
11:04:43,200 --> 11:04:44,200
apps be viewed side by side so if you
17713
11:04:45,596 --> 11:04:46,596
want to watch the weather in real time
17714
11:04:47,840 --> 11:04:48,840
or have email up
17715
11:04:49,916 --> 11:04:50,916
but also be watching a video you can do
17716
11:04:51,916 --> 11:04:52,916
that
17717
11:04:53,840 --> 11:04:54,840
snap feature also gives you a bit of
17718
11:04:55,436 --> 11:04:56,436
granularity so you can split the ratio
17719
11:04:57,756 --> 11:04:58,756
70 30 60 40 etc etc when the snap
17720
11:05:02,800 --> 11:05:03,800
features are used the apps scale well to
17721
11:05:05,200 --> 11:05:06,200
fit the new window sizes so they
17722
11:05:07,360 --> 11:05:08,360
dynamically auto size so they fit
17723
11:05:10,000 --> 11:05:11,000
nice and neat and snugly
17724
11:05:13,040 --> 11:05:14,040
and opening up from the start screen if
17725
11:05:15,116 --> 11:05:16,116
you're using a touchscreen slide in from
17726
11:05:17,276 --> 11:05:18,276
the top of the screen and then drag the
17727
11:05:19,436 --> 11:05:20,436
app to the left or right side of the
17728
11:05:21,596 --> 11:05:22,596
screen
17729
11:05:22,640 --> 11:05:23,640
if using a mouse then drag the top of
17730
11:05:24,320 --> 11:05:25,320
the screen place the app to the left or
17731
11:05:26,320 --> 11:05:27,320
right side of the screen this is why
17732
11:05:28,720 --> 11:05:29,720
it's best to have a play with windows 8.
17733
11:05:31,436 --> 11:05:32,436
i suppose you could get away with going
17734
11:05:33,040 --> 11:05:34,040
to a local um store if they're selling
17735
11:05:37,360 --> 11:05:38,360
uh laptops and um just tell them you're
17736
11:05:39,756 --> 11:05:40,756
interested in having a look and having a
17737
11:05:42,000 --> 11:05:43,000
play
17738
11:05:43,200 --> 11:05:44,200
obviously don't stay there all day
17739
11:05:46,160 --> 11:05:47,160
if using a keyboard press the windows
17740
11:05:48,320 --> 11:05:49,320
key and the left arrow or right arrow to
17741
11:05:51,040 --> 11:05:52,040
snap the app to the left side or right
17742
11:05:52,960 --> 11:05:53,960
side
17743
11:05:55,200 --> 11:05:56,200
go back to the start screen open the
17744
11:05:56,720 --> 11:05:57,720
second app and resize the app by
17745
11:05:58,560 --> 11:05:59,560
dragging the divider between the apps
17746
11:06:00,960 --> 11:06:01,960
again something that works better by you
17747
11:06:03,200 --> 11:06:04,200
doing it rather than me telling you how
17748
11:06:05,436 --> 11:06:06,436
to do it to do overplay
17749
11:06:07,680 --> 11:06:08,680
the modern ui was formerly known as the
17750
11:06:09,680 --> 11:06:10,680
metro ui
17751
11:06:11,200 --> 11:06:12,200
it's a combination of typography colors
17752
11:06:13,436 --> 11:06:14,436
and motion enables speak
17753
11:06:15,680 --> 11:06:16,680
experience
17754
11:06:18,160 --> 11:06:19,160
so an example is the start screen has
17755
11:06:20,160 --> 11:06:21,160
got more colors new tile sizes
17756
11:06:22,080 --> 11:06:23,080
backgrounds and motion
17757
11:06:24,240 --> 11:06:25,240
focuses on letting you the user interact
17758
11:06:26,800 --> 11:06:27,800
with content directly
17759
11:06:28,720 --> 11:06:29,720
and one example is when you apply a
17760
11:06:30,320 --> 11:06:31,320
large tile size to the weather app
17761
11:06:32,480 --> 11:06:33,480
you're
17762
11:06:33,360 --> 11:06:34,360
in fact making the content become the
17763
11:06:35,116 --> 11:06:36,116
interface
17764
11:06:37,520 --> 11:06:38,520
greater emphasis
17765
11:06:39,040 --> 11:06:40,040
on consistency of designs across all the
17766
11:06:41,276 --> 11:06:42,276
products windows office
17767
11:06:43,200 --> 11:06:44,200
windows phone and xbox and it's not just
17768
11:06:45,520 --> 11:06:46,520
microsoft doing this cisco are doing it
17769
11:06:47,360 --> 11:06:48,360
as well where
17770
11:06:48,720 --> 11:06:49,720
they rapidly bought out of the companies
17771
11:06:51,040 --> 11:06:52,040
of the companies that provided
17772
11:06:53,436 --> 11:06:54,436
um ip telephony
17773
11:06:56,480 --> 11:06:57,480
firewall software years ago it was
17774
11:06:58,960 --> 11:06:59,960
running layer two switches unfortunately
17775
11:07:01,840 --> 11:07:02,840
each of these devices run a different
17776
11:07:03,840 --> 11:07:04,840
operating system so you have to learn a
17777
11:07:06,640 --> 11:07:07,640
bunch of different commands and
17778
11:07:08,000 --> 11:07:09,000
different prompts and it was quite
17779
11:07:09,276 --> 11:07:10,276
confusing
17780
11:07:10,640 --> 11:07:11,640
so the idea was they brought everything
17781
11:07:12,320 --> 11:07:13,320
together to run under cisco ios into
17782
11:07:15,200 --> 11:07:16,200
network operating system
17783
11:07:17,116 --> 11:07:18,116
which is still command line but you
17784
11:07:19,840 --> 11:07:20,840
you've got the familiar interface and
17785
11:07:22,000 --> 11:07:23,000
even cisco now moving
17786
11:07:24,000 --> 11:07:25,000
into um the gui gui way of running
17787
11:07:26,800 --> 11:07:27,800
things
17788
11:07:28,400 --> 11:07:29,400
so as a result the modded ui has made
17789
11:07:30,320 --> 11:07:31,320
windows phone 8 tablet or pc or xbox
17790
11:07:33,520 --> 11:07:34,520
looks like a family of devices
17791
11:07:36,320 --> 11:07:37,320
obviously it's all marketing because
17792
11:07:37,840 --> 11:07:38,840
it's ease of use
17793
11:07:39,276 --> 11:07:40,276
in windows 8.1 apps can be pinned to the
17794
11:07:41,596 --> 11:07:42,596
taskbar or start screen
17795
11:07:44,320 --> 11:07:45,320
if you want to pin it right click on the
17796
11:07:45,840 --> 11:07:46,840
app and then select pin this program to
17797
11:07:48,000 --> 11:07:49,000
taskbar
17798
11:07:49,116 --> 11:07:50,116
now the app will be shown on the taskbar
17799
11:07:54,000 --> 11:07:55,000
you can see the little tick in the
17800
11:07:55,276 --> 11:07:56,276
corner there and you can either pin it
17801
11:07:56,720 --> 11:07:57,720
to the taskbar or in pin from start this
17802
11:07:59,360 --> 11:08:00,360
one's already pinned to the start
17803
11:08:02,160 --> 11:08:03,160
right click the app and select a pin to
17804
11:08:04,800 --> 11:08:05,800
taskbar
17805
11:08:06,240 --> 11:08:07,240
now the app will be shown on your
17806
11:08:07,680 --> 11:08:08,680
taskbar no surprise there
17807
11:08:10,400 --> 11:08:11,400
touch screen units can press and hold an
17808
11:08:12,080 --> 11:08:13,080
app and then select more and then pin to
17809
11:08:14,160 --> 11:08:15,160
taskbar
17810
11:08:16,000 --> 11:08:17,000
if the apps run in then press and hold
17811
11:08:17,436 --> 11:08:18,436
the apps task button and then pin to
17812
11:08:19,756 --> 11:08:20,756
taskbar
17813
11:08:23,040 --> 11:08:24,040
now a new feature that microsoft are
17814
11:08:25,116 --> 11:08:26,116
pushing is one drive it used to be known
17815
11:08:27,436 --> 11:08:28,436
as sky
17816
11:08:28,560 --> 11:08:29,560
drive which may be a more familiar term
17817
11:08:30,800 --> 11:08:31,800
to some of you
17818
11:08:33,040 --> 11:08:34,040
it's storage on the cloud and it's
17819
11:08:35,360 --> 11:08:36,360
actually built in you can use it with
17820
11:08:37,040 --> 11:08:38,040
them microsoft office products it's
17821
11:08:39,276 --> 11:08:40,276
trying to push you into storing the
17822
11:08:41,680 --> 11:08:42,680
stuff on the one drive and you can
17823
11:08:43,520 --> 11:08:44,520
actually run all the
17824
11:08:45,116 --> 11:08:46,116
apps as well the
17825
11:08:46,880 --> 11:08:47,880
word
17826
11:08:48,080 --> 11:08:49,080
vizio etc from onedrive this is actually
17827
11:08:50,880 --> 11:08:51,880
built in now to windows 8.
17828
11:08:53,276 --> 11:08:54,276
now they've made onedrive the default
17829
11:08:55,040 --> 11:08:56,040
location pros and cons one of the pros
17830
11:08:57,680 --> 11:08:58,680
obviously is
17831
11:08:59,116 --> 11:09:00,116
you wouldn't lose your information if
17832
11:09:01,596 --> 11:09:02,596
you're creating an important spreadsheet
17833
11:09:03,840 --> 11:09:04,840
it will be on the cloud
17834
11:09:06,240 --> 11:09:07,240
uh one possible disadvantage is um you
17835
11:09:09,756 --> 11:09:10,756
need internet connectivity so if you're
17836
11:09:12,160 --> 11:09:13,160
somewhere that doesn't have the internet
17837
11:09:14,080 --> 11:09:15,080
available at the time then you're going
17838
11:09:15,436 --> 11:09:16,436
to struggle
17839
11:09:17,436 --> 11:09:18,436
uh now however different locations can
17840
11:09:19,916 --> 11:09:20,916
be chosen to save the document so you
17841
11:09:21,596 --> 11:09:22,596
could save it in my documents or
17842
11:09:23,200 --> 11:09:24,200
wherever you want
17843
11:09:25,040 --> 11:09:26,040
by default
17844
11:09:26,400 --> 11:09:27,400
windows 8 will save a backup of the
17845
11:09:28,320 --> 11:09:29,320
system settings to onedrive this can be
17846
11:09:30,560 --> 11:09:31,560
transferred to a new device if required
17847
11:09:33,596 --> 11:09:34,596
it lets you store access and sync files
17848
11:09:36,000 --> 11:09:37,000
to and from online storage uh the the
17849
11:09:38,640 --> 11:09:39,640
other thing i forgot to mention is if
17850
11:09:40,080 --> 11:09:41,080
you've got um your
17851
11:09:42,800 --> 11:09:43,800
spreadsheet on your pc
17852
11:09:45,436 --> 11:09:46,436
you can then update it obviously and
17853
11:09:47,520 --> 11:09:48,520
then sync it later
17854
11:09:49,360 --> 11:09:50,360
so that is something you can do if you
17855
11:09:51,360 --> 11:09:52,360
don't have internet connectivity
17856
11:09:54,000 --> 11:09:55,000
files can be accessed from anywhere in
17857
11:09:56,000 --> 11:09:57,000
any device with one drive
17858
11:09:59,680 --> 11:10:00,680
now you can access it using the onedrive
17859
11:10:01,756 --> 11:10:02,756
app or you can use the file explorer
17860
11:10:04,640 --> 11:10:05,640
now you do have to sign in with a
17861
11:10:05,916 --> 11:10:06,916
microsoft account or create one if you
17862
11:10:08,160 --> 11:10:09,160
don't have one already
17863
11:10:10,400 --> 11:10:11,400
windows stores an online store of apps
17864
11:10:12,640 --> 11:10:13,640
if you want to get apps then go to the
17865
11:10:14,720 --> 11:10:15,720
windows store
17866
11:10:16,640 --> 11:10:17,640
open by clicking on the store tile on
17867
11:10:18,880 --> 11:10:19,880
the start screen which is the arrows
17868
11:10:20,800 --> 11:10:21,800
there
17869
11:10:21,840 --> 11:10:22,840
the store displays tiles for individual
17870
11:10:24,880 --> 11:10:25,880
apps
17871
11:10:28,960 --> 11:10:29,960
clicking on the tile provides more
17872
11:10:30,320 --> 11:10:31,320
information about the app with an option
17873
11:10:32,560 --> 11:10:33,560
to purchase
17874
11:10:34,240 --> 11:10:35,240
so get your wallet out when the user
17875
11:10:36,240 --> 11:10:37,240
installs the app windows adds a tile to
17876
11:10:38,000 --> 11:10:39,000
the start screen
17877
11:10:40,880 --> 11:10:41,880
multi monitor taskbars and windows 8 is
17878
11:10:44,400 --> 11:10:45,400
capable of providing a better experience
17879
11:10:47,680 --> 11:10:48,680
if you have multiple monitors so more
17880
11:10:50,000 --> 11:10:51,000
than one which i've noticed a lot of
17881
11:10:52,080 --> 11:10:53,080
people do the especially techie people
17882
11:10:54,800 --> 11:10:55,800
or people who like to multitask or
17883
11:10:56,960 --> 11:10:57,960
graphic designers
17884
11:10:58,800 --> 11:10:59,800
and people who are trading on stock
17885
11:11:00,800 --> 11:11:01,800
markets or looking at different um
17886
11:11:02,640 --> 11:11:03,640
markets and need those screens
17887
11:11:05,200 --> 11:11:06,200
the taskbars are
17888
11:11:06,960 --> 11:11:07,960
customizable across different monitors
17889
11:11:09,436 --> 11:11:10,436
taskbars can be customized so the the
17890
11:11:11,276 --> 11:11:12,276
taskbar buttons on each monitor
17891
11:11:13,520 --> 11:11:14,520
are the icons of the apps that open in
17892
11:11:15,360 --> 11:11:16,360
that monitor
17893
11:11:16,800 --> 11:11:17,800
very useful thing i think you need to do
17894
11:11:18,560 --> 11:11:19,560
some playing with that to get it working
17895
11:11:20,000 --> 11:11:21,000
nicely but it's a really great feature
17896
11:11:22,560 --> 11:11:23,560
it's possible to make both the taskbars
17897
11:11:24,400 --> 11:11:25,400
show all the windows
17898
11:11:26,240 --> 11:11:27,240
that are open
17899
11:11:30,080 --> 11:11:31,080
to access right click on the taskbar and
17900
11:11:31,916 --> 11:11:32,916
click
17901
11:11:32,840 --> 11:11:33,840
settings under the multiple display
17902
11:11:35,116 --> 11:11:36,116
select show task bars on all the
17903
11:11:37,436 --> 11:11:38,436
displays you can see it ticked in the
17904
11:11:40,160 --> 11:11:41,160
box there
17905
11:11:42,560 --> 11:11:43,560
the show taskbar buttons on drop down
17906
11:11:44,880 --> 11:11:45,880
lets us decide where the taskbar button
17907
11:11:46,960 --> 11:11:47,960
should appear for example on one monitor
17908
11:11:49,436 --> 11:11:50,436
you can have all the apps grouped and on
17909
11:11:50,800 --> 11:11:51,800
the other monitor you can have them
17910
11:11:52,160 --> 11:11:53,160
separated
17911
11:11:53,436 --> 11:11:54,436
so there's a lot of flexibility there
17912
11:11:56,400 --> 11:11:57,400
charms is a new feature that provides
17913
11:11:58,400 --> 11:11:59,400
quick and easy access to some of the
17914
11:12:00,080 --> 11:12:01,080
most frequented actions
17915
11:12:02,480 --> 11:12:03,480
via shortcuts are available in every
17916
11:12:05,040 --> 11:12:06,040
screen in windows
17917
11:12:07,116 --> 11:12:08,116
the charms provides access to search
17918
11:12:10,080 --> 11:12:11,080
and start devices and settings
17919
11:12:15,520 --> 11:12:16,520
whether users access in the start screen
17920
11:12:17,436 --> 11:12:18,436
windows desktop or not the charms
17921
11:12:19,116 --> 11:12:20,116
feature is always available so that's a
17922
11:12:21,116 --> 11:12:22,116
nice shortcut there for you to use and
17923
11:12:23,276 --> 11:12:24,276
you can see an image of the charms here
17924
11:12:26,400 --> 11:12:27,400
should have made that a bit bigger sorry
17925
11:12:28,240 --> 11:12:29,240
in order to bring up the charms hold
17926
11:12:30,320 --> 11:12:31,320
down windows and see the windows key and
17927
11:12:32,560 --> 11:12:33,560
see
17928
11:12:33,520 --> 11:12:34,520
charms interface can be brought up by
17929
11:12:35,116 --> 11:12:36,116
using a mouse hovering the mouse pointer
17930
11:12:37,840 --> 11:12:38,840
over the lower right corner
17931
11:12:40,720 --> 11:12:41,720
or upper right corner
17932
11:12:42,720 --> 11:12:43,720
for touch
17933
11:12:43,756 --> 11:12:44,756
for touch screen and devices the charms
17934
11:12:45,916 --> 11:12:46,916
interface can be brought up by swiping
17935
11:12:47,596 --> 11:12:48,596
the finger
17936
11:12:48,720 --> 11:12:49,720
from the right edge of the screen to the
17937
11:12:50,400 --> 11:12:51,400
left
17938
11:12:52,160 --> 11:12:53,160
powershell for the more techy people
17939
11:12:56,000 --> 11:12:57,000
microsoft powershell it's a task
17940
11:12:57,596 --> 11:12:58,596
automation and scripting platform
17941
11:12:59,596 --> 11:13:00,596
consisting of a command line interface
17942
11:13:02,160 --> 11:13:03,160
and use for systems a windows systems
17943
11:13:04,480 --> 11:13:05,480
admin
17944
11:13:09,200 --> 11:13:10,200
it allows system administrators have
17945
11:13:11,596 --> 11:13:12,596
granular control over administrative
17946
11:13:13,520 --> 11:13:14,520
tasks normally not possible it's just
17947
11:13:15,840 --> 11:13:16,840
beyond the scope of the graphical user
17948
11:13:17,520 --> 11:13:18,520
interface
17949
11:13:18,640 --> 11:13:19,640
which is there for everyday users um and
17950
11:13:21,520 --> 11:13:22,520
obviously you've got control panel but
17951
11:13:23,200 --> 11:13:24,200
this is to dig deep down into um system
17952
11:13:26,480 --> 11:13:27,480
settings
17953
11:13:27,680 --> 11:13:28,680
you can do quite a few things just like
17954
11:13:29,520 --> 11:13:30,520
the command prompt you can execute dos
17955
11:13:31,360 --> 11:13:32,360
commands
17956
11:13:32,560 --> 11:13:33,560
for example dir and change directory
17957
11:13:35,680 --> 11:13:36,680
make directory
17958
11:13:37,200 --> 11:13:38,200
and i presume you could do your ping and
17959
11:13:39,200 --> 11:13:40,200
your trace routes and all that if you
17960
11:13:40,800 --> 11:13:41,800
really wanted to look at your ipconfig
17961
11:13:42,960 --> 11:13:43,960
settings
17962
11:13:45,040 --> 11:13:46,040
it can automate tasks and it's a
17963
11:13:47,276 --> 11:13:48,276
scripting platform so administrators
17964
11:13:50,080 --> 11:13:51,080
managing several windows host can create
17965
11:13:51,916 --> 11:13:52,916
and run scripts
17966
11:13:53,360 --> 11:13:54,360
to automate tasks
17967
11:13:55,436 --> 11:13:56,436
you access it by typing windows
17968
11:13:57,596 --> 11:13:58,596
powershell after bringing up the start
17969
11:13:59,916 --> 11:14:00,916
screen
17970
11:14:02,880 --> 11:14:03,880
all right live sign-in is a recommended
17971
11:14:04,640 --> 11:14:05,640
method for signing into windows you need
17972
11:14:06,400 --> 11:14:07,400
a microsoft account such as hotmail
17973
11:14:09,040 --> 11:14:10,040
live or outlook
17974
11:14:11,276 --> 11:14:12,276
it follows a single sign-on approach and
17975
11:14:13,116 --> 11:14:14,116
by signing in
17976
11:14:14,400 --> 11:14:15,400
using a microsoft account your windows 8
17977
11:14:17,116 --> 11:14:18,116
automatically connects to all of your
17978
11:14:18,800 --> 11:14:19,800
other online microsoft services
17979
11:14:21,116 --> 11:14:22,116
including your cloud storage your email
17980
11:14:23,840 --> 11:14:24,840
and such like and if you've got online
17981
11:14:26,080 --> 11:14:27,080
and access to
17982
11:14:27,756 --> 11:14:28,756
word excel etc
17983
11:14:31,916 --> 11:14:32,916
chat
17984
11:14:32,800 --> 11:14:33,800
also action center
17985
11:14:35,116 --> 11:14:36,116
notification center that keeps you
17986
11:14:36,720 --> 11:14:37,720
notified about problems and actions that
17987
11:14:38,800 --> 11:14:39,800
have been taken for the smooth running
17988
11:14:40,720 --> 11:14:41,720
of windows this is if you're interested
17989
11:14:42,960 --> 11:14:43,960
in
17990
11:14:43,596 --> 11:14:44,596
knowing what's been happening it
17991
11:14:45,200 --> 11:14:46,200
categorizes this issue into security and
17992
11:14:47,360 --> 11:14:48,360
maintenance
17993
11:14:49,276 --> 11:14:50,276
type back to action center on the start
17994
11:14:51,436 --> 11:14:52,436
screen
17995
11:14:52,720 --> 11:14:53,720
all right so we've covered a lot as i
17996
11:14:54,160 --> 11:14:55,160
said i recommend you
17997
11:14:56,160 --> 11:14:57,160
have a go at windows somehow somewhere
17998
11:14:58,400 --> 11:14:59,400
find somebody who's got it or play with
17999
11:15:00,080 --> 11:15:01,080
it somewhere
18000
11:15:01,756 --> 11:15:02,756
the start screen app side by side how to
18001
11:15:04,480 --> 11:15:05,480
use them
18002
11:15:05,596 --> 11:15:06,596
the modern ui
18003
11:15:07,596 --> 11:15:08,596
pinning onedrive the windows store
18004
11:15:10,400 --> 11:15:11,400
multi-monitor taskbars
18005
11:15:13,040 --> 11:15:14,040
charms powershell live sign-in and
18006
11:15:16,400 --> 11:15:17,400
action center so we've covered a lot
18007
11:15:18,320 --> 11:15:19,320
thanks for watching
18008
11:15:22,720 --> 11:15:23,720
[Music]
18009
11:15:43,436 --> 11:15:44,436
windows
18010
11:15:44,480 --> 11:15:45,480
file systems and disk management
18011
11:15:47,360 --> 11:15:48,360
before we get more into
18012
11:15:49,916 --> 11:15:50,916
the fun uh accessible stuff in windows
18013
11:15:53,276 --> 11:15:54,276
we got to talk more about what's under
18014
11:15:54,960 --> 11:15:55,960
the cover how windows deals with files
18015
11:15:58,240 --> 11:15:59,240
and how it manages uh files and file
18016
11:16:01,756 --> 11:16:02,756
systems
18017
11:16:03,040 --> 11:16:04,040
so we're going to talk about
18018
11:16:05,200 --> 11:16:06,200
file system basics
18019
11:16:07,916 --> 11:16:08,916
fat32 and fat which are two of the file
18020
11:16:10,960 --> 11:16:11,960
systems and when we talk about file
18021
11:16:12,480 --> 11:16:13,480
systems that's how the data is
18022
11:16:14,640 --> 11:16:15,640
transferred from windows onto the hard
18023
11:16:16,800 --> 11:16:17,800
drive at a very basic level
18024
11:16:19,436 --> 11:16:20,436
ntfs which is the new technology file
18025
11:16:22,960 --> 11:16:23,960
system the one that is most commonly
18026
11:16:25,040 --> 11:16:26,040
used in windows nowadays and then exfat
18027
11:16:28,480 --> 11:16:29,480
a new format
18028
11:16:30,240 --> 11:16:31,240
specifically for use with usb drives and
18029
11:16:32,720 --> 11:16:33,720
interoperability
18030
11:16:34,880 --> 11:16:35,880
we'll also talk about briefly the
18031
11:16:36,560 --> 11:16:37,560
compact disk file system cdfs which is
18032
11:16:39,360 --> 11:16:40,360
specifically for as you guessed it
18033
11:16:40,800 --> 11:16:41,800
compact disks
18034
11:16:42,640 --> 11:16:43,640
then we'll look very
18035
11:16:44,080 --> 11:16:45,080
briefly at disk management how windows
18036
11:16:46,320 --> 11:16:47,320
uses disk management uh we'll look at
18037
11:16:48,800 --> 11:16:49,800
the disk managed utility which we will
18038
11:16:50,560 --> 11:16:51,560
talk about more in depth later on
18039
11:16:54,320 --> 11:16:55,320
when we get into troubleshooting and
18040
11:16:55,840 --> 11:16:56,840
i'll show you examples of it then not so
18041
11:16:58,160 --> 11:16:59,160
much now
18042
11:16:59,520 --> 11:17:00,520
we'll also look at what the difference
18043
11:17:00,480 --> 11:17:01,480
between a volume and a partition is this
18044
11:17:02,160 --> 11:17:03,160
has to do with how the data is stored
18045
11:17:04,000 --> 11:17:05,000
and how windows deals with this data
18046
11:17:06,640 --> 11:17:07,640
and then logical drives which are uh
18047
11:17:09,520 --> 11:17:10,520
different from um
18048
11:17:12,720 --> 11:17:13,720
certain other types of drives
18049
11:17:15,360 --> 11:17:16,360
uh specifically physical drives which is
18050
11:17:17,840 --> 11:17:18,840
the physical hard drive logical drives
18051
11:17:19,520 --> 11:17:20,520
or how we logically in a software sense
18052
11:17:21,596 --> 11:17:22,596
break those up
18053
11:17:22,800 --> 11:17:23,800
then we'll look at raid which is an
18054
11:17:24,640 --> 11:17:25,640
important aspect that we'll see in this
18055
11:17:28,000 --> 11:17:29,000
in networking security and everything
18056
11:17:30,560 --> 11:17:31,560
this is how we create redundant access
18057
11:17:34,000 --> 11:17:35,000
arrays that allow the hard drive to
18058
11:17:36,960 --> 11:17:37,960
function at a higher level and
18059
11:17:39,200 --> 11:17:40,200
allow us to operate without worrying
18060
11:17:41,360 --> 11:17:42,360
that the hard drive is going to crash
18061
11:17:43,200 --> 11:17:44,200
and there are three types of raid arrays
18062
11:17:44,800 --> 11:17:45,800
we need to be aware of
18063
11:17:46,880 --> 11:17:47,880
zero type one and type five
18064
11:17:50,320 --> 11:17:51,320
so first let's look at the file system
18065
11:17:52,080 --> 11:17:53,080
this is how data is stored and addressed
18066
11:17:54,960 --> 11:17:55,960
or accessed on a disk
18067
11:17:57,276 --> 11:17:58,276
um
18068
11:17:59,040 --> 11:18:00,040
in a very basic sense
18069
11:18:00,960 --> 11:18:01,960
there are uh
18070
11:18:02,640 --> 11:18:03,640
a few major types we need to look at
18071
11:18:05,276 --> 11:18:06,276
there's the fat operating uh
18072
11:18:08,320 --> 11:18:09,320
file system
18073
11:18:09,520 --> 11:18:10,520
the fat32
18074
11:18:11,756 --> 11:18:12,756
file system
18075
11:18:13,116 --> 11:18:14,116
ntfs
18076
11:18:14,880 --> 11:18:15,880
and exfat so let's talk a little bit
18077
11:18:17,040 --> 11:18:18,040
more in depth about these
18078
11:18:19,200 --> 11:18:20,200
as well as the cdfs which is really how
18079
11:18:22,080 --> 11:18:23,080
the cd stores data on its uh on its
18080
11:18:25,200 --> 11:18:26,200
media
18081
11:18:26,800 --> 11:18:27,800
so fat which is also could be called fat
18082
11:18:29,520 --> 11:18:30,520
16 and fat32 were the original file
18083
11:18:33,436 --> 11:18:34,436
systems for windows starting with fat
18084
11:18:35,200 --> 11:18:36,200
and then upgrading to fat32 which
18085
11:18:37,680 --> 11:18:38,680
replaced the original fat one
18086
11:18:40,160 --> 11:18:41,160
it's now used mostly to interact with
18087
11:18:42,400 --> 11:18:43,400
older versions of windows and fat32 is
18088
11:18:45,520 --> 11:18:46,520
used on hard drives to allow
18089
11:18:47,916 --> 11:18:48,916
interoperability with say a linux or a
18090
11:18:50,320 --> 11:18:51,320
macintosh system
18091
11:18:52,800 --> 11:18:53,800
many usb flash drives for instance are
18092
11:18:55,276 --> 11:18:56,276
partitioned using fat32 and when we save
18093
11:18:59,116 --> 11:19:00,116
fat32 just to get clear if i have a hard
18094
11:19:02,160 --> 11:19:03,160
drive
18095
11:19:04,800 --> 11:19:05,800
right
18096
11:19:06,160 --> 11:19:07,160
this determines how
18097
11:19:08,800 --> 11:19:09,800
the files are stored
18098
11:19:11,360 --> 11:19:12,360
because basically if you have a large
18099
11:19:13,360 --> 11:19:14,360
let's say your hard drive is a filing
18100
11:19:15,360 --> 11:19:16,360
cabinet well i'm not just going to throw
18101
11:19:17,840 --> 11:19:18,840
everything into that filing cabinet
18102
11:19:19,276 --> 11:19:20,276
right i'm going to store stuff in
18103
11:19:20,960 --> 11:19:21,960
folders i'm going to create three sets
18104
11:19:23,436 --> 11:19:24,436
of drawers so that way i can make better
18105
11:19:25,680 --> 11:19:26,680
use of
18106
11:19:27,596 --> 11:19:28,596
better use of my files
18107
11:19:30,560 --> 11:19:31,560
and
18108
11:19:31,360 --> 11:19:32,360
with fat32
18109
11:19:33,116 --> 11:19:34,116
one file had a four gigabyte limit
18110
11:19:36,640 --> 11:19:37,640
and this was a problem obviously because
18111
11:19:38,240 --> 11:19:39,240
we're moving up in the world and now we
18112
11:19:40,160 --> 11:19:41,160
have larger hard drives and i want to be
18113
11:19:42,160 --> 11:19:43,160
able to have files and hard drives that
18114
11:19:44,080 --> 11:19:45,080
are larger than just four gigabytes
18115
11:19:45,840 --> 11:19:46,840
which is the reason it sort of fell out
18116
11:19:47,360 --> 11:19:48,360
of favor
18117
11:19:49,360 --> 11:19:50,360
so then came along ntfs again that nt
18118
11:19:53,040 --> 11:19:54,040
goes with windows nt new technology file
18119
11:19:56,240 --> 11:19:57,240
system and this is the most common and
18120
11:19:58,560 --> 11:19:59,560
the recommended file system for windows
18121
11:20:02,000 --> 11:20:03,000
not only because of how it stores the
18122
11:20:04,000 --> 11:20:05,000
data but also because the data is more
18123
11:20:05,840 --> 11:20:06,840
secure and more stable less prone to
18124
11:20:08,560 --> 11:20:09,560
error
18125
11:20:09,916 --> 11:20:10,916
it also supports larger volume sizes
18126
11:20:12,640 --> 11:20:13,640
remember with uh 30 uh fat32 we had a
18127
11:20:15,596 --> 11:20:16,596
four gigabyte volume size here we have
18128
11:20:18,000 --> 11:20:19,000
larger volume sizes and really
18129
11:20:20,160 --> 11:20:21,160
importantly
18130
11:20:21,276 --> 11:20:22,276
it supports encryption systems
18131
11:20:24,560 --> 11:20:25,560
it also supports permissions meaning
18132
11:20:26,880 --> 11:20:27,880
that i can say i want certain people to
18133
11:20:28,560 --> 11:20:29,560
have access to some files and i want
18134
11:20:30,560 --> 11:20:31,560
certain people to not have access to
18135
11:20:32,320 --> 11:20:33,320
certain files
18136
11:20:35,276 --> 11:20:36,276
it can support up to either
18137
11:20:37,756 --> 11:20:38,756
16 terabytes in four gigabyte clusters
18138
11:20:41,436 --> 11:20:42,436
and we're talking about clusters if this
18139
11:20:42,960 --> 11:20:43,960
is my hard drive everything is broken
18140
11:20:45,200 --> 11:20:46,200
down into little clusters
18141
11:20:48,080 --> 11:20:49,080
so if i have a one kilobyte file that's
18142
11:20:50,880 --> 11:20:51,880
taking up a four kilobyte cluster okay
18143
11:20:55,116 --> 11:20:56,116
or it can support up to 256 terabytes
18144
11:20:59,200 --> 11:21:00,200
using a larger 64-bit cluster
18145
11:21:06,640 --> 11:21:07,640
there's also the extended file
18146
11:21:08,480 --> 11:21:09,480
allocation table or exfat
18147
11:21:12,000 --> 11:21:13,000
exfat which is also known as fat 64
18148
11:21:15,680 --> 11:21:16,680
is specifically made for usb flash
18149
11:21:18,320 --> 11:21:19,320
drives basically what was happening
18150
11:21:20,480 --> 11:21:21,480
is ntfs is not recognized by macintosh
18151
11:21:23,756 --> 11:21:24,756
you can't read it you can't write to it
18152
11:21:26,080 --> 11:21:27,080
so people would switching between a mac
18153
11:21:27,916 --> 11:21:28,916
and a linux and a windows pc and they
18154
11:21:31,116 --> 11:21:32,116
were finding they couldn't use their usb
18155
11:21:32,560 --> 11:21:33,560
drives interoperability interoperably
18156
11:21:36,480 --> 11:21:37,480
and so uh
18157
11:21:38,400 --> 11:21:39,400
people were formatting them with fat32
18158
11:21:40,560 --> 11:21:41,560
which is pretty universal the problem is
18159
11:21:42,800 --> 11:21:43,800
you have a four gigabyte limit on fat32
18160
11:21:45,200 --> 11:21:46,200
so when you're trying to use a very
18161
11:21:46,320 --> 11:21:47,320
large file it wouldn't work so exfat was
18162
11:21:49,040 --> 11:21:50,040
created to overcome this uh
18163
11:21:52,480 --> 11:21:53,480
this exact thing it can handle very
18164
11:21:55,040 --> 11:21:56,040
large file sizes
18165
11:21:56,800 --> 11:21:57,800
including media that is larger than 36
18166
11:21:59,360 --> 11:22:00,360
32 gigabytes with a single partition
18167
11:22:02,000 --> 11:22:03,000
whereas with fat32 we had to break that
18168
11:22:04,080 --> 11:22:05,080
up into multiple partitions
18169
11:22:06,560 --> 11:22:07,560
it has a recommended of 512 terabytes
18170
11:22:09,436 --> 11:22:10,436
for one partition meaning a c drive or a
18171
11:22:12,320 --> 11:22:13,320
d drive for instance should not be
18172
11:22:14,000 --> 11:22:15,000
larger than 512 terabytes fortunately
18173
11:22:16,400 --> 11:22:17,400
we're not at a point where that's an
18174
11:22:17,680 --> 11:22:18,680
issue just about yet
18175
11:22:20,640 --> 11:22:21,640
it also has a theoretic
18176
11:22:22,400 --> 11:22:23,400
theoretical maximum of 64
18177
11:22:25,040 --> 11:22:26,040
zetabytes which as you can imagine is
18178
11:22:27,276 --> 11:22:28,276
pretty incredibly large and i don't
18179
11:22:29,040 --> 11:22:30,040
think we're going to reach that anytime
18180
11:22:30,960 --> 11:22:31,960
soon
18181
11:22:34,000 --> 11:22:35,000
finally i just want to mention the
18182
11:22:35,520 --> 11:22:36,520
compact disk file system
18183
11:22:38,320 --> 11:22:39,320
it falls under this standard which you
18184
11:22:40,160 --> 11:22:41,160
don't need to worry about
18185
11:22:42,080 --> 11:22:43,080
but it defines how information is
18186
11:22:43,596 --> 11:22:44,596
written to optical disks the reason we
18187
11:22:45,840 --> 11:22:46,840
needed to have our own file system
18188
11:22:48,240 --> 11:22:49,240
standard for cds just like we have our
18189
11:22:50,320 --> 11:22:51,320
own for dvds and blu-rays is so that no
18190
11:22:52,960 --> 11:22:53,960
matter what device you put that cd or
18191
11:22:55,040 --> 11:22:56,040
dvd or blu-ray into everyone could read
18192
11:22:58,840 --> 11:22:59,840
it and
18193
11:23:00,800 --> 11:23:01,800
this is used by windows and mac
18194
11:23:03,200 --> 11:23:04,200
and linux and any other operating system
18195
11:23:05,680 --> 11:23:06,680
as well
18196
11:23:06,720 --> 11:23:07,720
blu-ray and dvd also have their own file
18197
11:23:08,960 --> 11:23:09,960
systems just uh so you know
18198
11:23:12,160 --> 11:23:13,160
so that was a very basic very quick
18199
11:23:14,400 --> 11:23:15,400
overview of fat32 and fat ntfs exfat and
18200
11:23:20,080 --> 11:23:21,080
the cdfs
18201
11:23:21,756 --> 11:23:22,756
or the compact disk file system all of
18202
11:23:23,916 --> 11:23:24,916
which are file systems ways that windows
18203
11:23:27,520 --> 11:23:28,520
partitions up data and stores it onto a
18204
11:23:30,000 --> 11:23:31,000
hard drive
18205
11:23:31,596 --> 11:23:32,596
so let's talk about disk management now
18206
11:23:33,840 --> 11:23:34,840
this is the disk management utility on
18207
11:23:36,000 --> 11:23:37,000
the right here
18208
11:23:37,756 --> 11:23:38,756
and um
18209
11:23:40,160 --> 11:23:41,160
it is a utility for managing storage
18210
11:23:42,240 --> 11:23:43,240
devices within windows i'm going to show
18211
11:23:44,000 --> 11:23:45,000
it to you later when we get into
18212
11:23:45,116 --> 11:23:46,116
troubleshooting but for now i just want
18213
11:23:46,800 --> 11:23:47,800
you to notice look here
18214
11:23:50,000 --> 11:23:51,000
disk 0 means the hard drive
18215
11:23:52,720 --> 11:23:53,720
okay so just notice that that is the
18216
11:23:54,640 --> 11:23:55,640
physical hard drive
18217
11:23:56,960 --> 11:23:57,960
c
18218
11:23:59,596 --> 11:24:00,596
is how it's partitioned
18219
11:24:03,276 --> 11:24:04,276
so what you do is you can in this
18220
11:24:05,200 --> 11:24:06,200
utility format drives for a file system
18221
11:24:08,480 --> 11:24:09,480
such as ntfs you can also create
18222
11:24:11,040 --> 11:24:12,040
partitions so this partition is 60
18223
11:24:13,040 --> 11:24:14,040
gigabytes let's say i wanted to break it
18224
11:24:15,116 --> 11:24:16,116
up into two partitions of 30 gigabytes
18225
11:24:17,756 --> 11:24:18,756
each that's something i could do here
18226
11:24:19,596 --> 11:24:20,596
the reason i might want to do that by
18227
11:24:21,040 --> 11:24:22,040
the way is let's say i want to install
18228
11:24:22,800 --> 11:24:23,800
my operating system on one partition and
18229
11:24:24,960 --> 11:24:25,960
put all my data on another that way in
18230
11:24:26,800 --> 11:24:27,800
case something happens to my operating
18231
11:24:28,320 --> 11:24:29,320
system i don't have to worry about
18232
11:24:29,596 --> 11:24:30,596
losing all of my data all of my files
18233
11:24:33,756 --> 11:24:34,756
it's accessed in the computer management
18234
11:24:35,680 --> 11:24:36,680
console which you see right up here
18235
11:24:37,680 --> 11:24:38,680
and which we will talk about more but
18236
11:24:39,360 --> 11:24:40,360
the way you get there is by right
18237
11:24:41,276 --> 11:24:42,276
clicking on computer and going to manage
18238
11:24:50,080 --> 11:24:51,080
now volumes versus partitions windows 7
18239
11:24:53,040 --> 11:24:54,040
refers to these as volumes uh windows xp
18240
11:24:55,756 --> 11:24:56,756
and windows vista refers to them as
18241
11:24:58,240 --> 11:24:59,240
partitions and logical drives
18242
11:25:01,040 --> 11:25:02,040
partitions
18243
11:25:02,320 --> 11:25:03,320
are physical
18244
11:25:04,320 --> 11:25:05,320
and logical
18245
11:25:06,400 --> 11:25:07,400
divisions of the drive so what i mean by
18246
11:25:08,400 --> 11:25:09,400
that is um sorry this should not be here
18247
11:25:11,520 --> 11:25:12,520
partitions are a logical division of a
18248
11:25:13,596 --> 11:25:14,596
drive so for instance if my disk my hard
18249
11:25:16,640 --> 11:25:17,640
drive
18250
11:25:18,560 --> 11:25:19,560
is let's say
18251
11:25:23,040 --> 11:25:24,040
100 gigabytes
18252
11:25:27,116 --> 11:25:28,116
that is
18253
11:25:28,480 --> 11:25:29,480
physical okay
18254
11:25:30,480 --> 11:25:31,480
my logical or partition or volume would
18255
11:25:34,000 --> 11:25:35,000
be that c drive and let's say that i
18256
11:25:36,240 --> 11:25:37,240
want to make that 50 gigabytes and then
18257
11:25:38,320 --> 11:25:39,320
i want to have another partition volume
18258
11:25:41,436 --> 11:25:42,436
of let's say
18259
11:25:42,190 --> 11:25:43,190
[Music]
18260
11:25:43,756 --> 11:25:44,756
50 gigabytes
18261
11:25:46,720 --> 11:25:47,720
the physical hard drive is 100 gigabytes
18262
11:25:49,116 --> 11:25:50,116
but i am partitioning this into two
18263
11:25:51,680 --> 11:25:52,680
logical hard drives of 50 gigabytes each
18264
11:25:56,160 --> 11:25:57,160
so the volume is any space among one or
18265
11:25:58,880 --> 11:25:59,880
more of the drives with a drive letter
18266
11:26:01,520 --> 11:26:02,520
okay
18267
11:26:03,360 --> 11:26:04,360
and if i wanted to convert a basic disk
18268
11:26:06,080 --> 11:26:07,080
to a dynamic disk what that would allow
18269
11:26:09,360 --> 11:26:10,360
is a basic disk can only have simple
18270
11:26:12,400 --> 11:26:13,400
volumes one partition
18271
11:26:14,320 --> 11:26:15,320
a dynamic disk can have volumes that
18272
11:26:16,480 --> 11:26:17,480
span multiple disks so if we use my
18273
11:26:18,880 --> 11:26:19,880
example again let's say i had a disk one
18274
11:26:20,480 --> 11:26:21,480
let's say i had a second hard drive disk
18275
11:26:22,480 --> 11:26:23,480
one disk zero and six one if these are
18276
11:26:25,040 --> 11:26:26,040
both basic and these let's say we're
18277
11:26:26,720 --> 11:26:27,720
each total of 50 gigabytes then i would
18278
11:26:29,116 --> 11:26:30,116
have to have
18279
11:26:31,200 --> 11:26:32,200
this would be my c drive this would be
18280
11:26:32,640 --> 11:26:33,640
my d drive and each of these would be 50
18281
11:26:34,160 --> 11:26:35,160
gigabytes
18282
11:26:35,276 --> 11:26:36,276
if they're basic
18283
11:26:36,880 --> 11:26:37,880
if they are
18284
11:26:38,320 --> 11:26:39,320
dynamic
18285
11:26:40,640 --> 11:26:41,640
i can actually
18286
11:26:44,080 --> 11:26:45,080
have my c drive span
18287
11:26:46,800 --> 11:26:47,800
both disks
18288
11:26:48,240 --> 11:26:49,240
and create one large disk
18289
11:26:50,480 --> 11:26:51,480
if that is they are
18290
11:26:52,400 --> 11:26:53,400
dynamic okay
18291
11:26:56,560 --> 11:26:57,560
now logical drives
18292
11:27:00,000 --> 11:27:01,000
um are the c d e those letters
18293
11:27:03,756 --> 11:27:04,756
and the first partition you create on a
18294
11:27:05,596 --> 11:27:06,596
disk that's called the primary partition
18295
11:27:09,840 --> 11:27:10,840
uh being the first so disk 0 for
18296
11:27:13,680 --> 11:27:14,680
instance has a c drive that is the
18297
11:27:15,840 --> 11:27:16,840
primary partition
18298
11:27:18,240 --> 11:27:19,240
extended partitions are any partitions
18299
11:27:20,080 --> 11:27:21,080
you make after that primary partition
18300
11:27:23,756 --> 11:27:24,756
and they can be divided into logical
18301
11:27:25,436 --> 11:27:26,436
drives so i made that so in the example
18302
11:27:27,520 --> 11:27:28,520
using before c drive would be the
18303
11:27:30,000 --> 11:27:31,000
primary partition the d drive would be
18304
11:27:32,240 --> 11:27:33,240
an extended partition
18305
11:27:35,840 --> 11:27:36,840
logical drives therefore are giving a
18306
11:27:38,640 --> 11:27:39,640
letter assignment to that partition if
18307
11:27:41,756 --> 11:27:42,756
that makes sense so the partition i make
18308
11:27:44,400 --> 11:27:45,400
the primary partition has a logical
18309
11:27:46,640 --> 11:27:47,640
drive letter of c
18310
11:27:50,160 --> 11:27:51,160
i can have up to four primary partitions
18311
11:27:52,640 --> 11:27:53,640
because i can have up to four hard
18312
11:27:53,840 --> 11:27:54,840
drives or three primary partitions
18313
11:27:57,756 --> 11:27:58,756
and an extended partition
18314
11:28:02,400 --> 11:28:03,400
so that's a brief overview of disk
18315
11:28:04,720 --> 11:28:05,720
management
18316
11:28:06,400 --> 11:28:07,400
the utility volumes versus partitions
18317
11:28:09,360 --> 11:28:10,360
and logical drives
18318
11:28:11,116 --> 11:28:12,116
now let's talk about raid
18319
11:28:14,320 --> 11:28:15,320
raid stands for redundant array of
18320
11:28:16,400 --> 11:28:17,400
inexpensive disks
18321
11:28:18,400 --> 11:28:19,400
and it's designed to either increase the
18322
11:28:21,520 --> 11:28:22,520
speed of reading and writing to data
18323
11:28:23,520 --> 11:28:24,520
data to disks or creating one of several
18324
11:28:26,720 --> 11:28:27,720
types of fault volarant volumes
18325
11:28:29,596 --> 11:28:30,596
or
18326
11:28:30,560 --> 11:28:31,560
both
18327
11:28:32,320 --> 11:28:33,320
this is the capability of a hard drive
18328
11:28:34,720 --> 11:28:35,720
system fault tolerance we're talking
18329
11:28:36,560 --> 11:28:37,560
about now
18330
11:28:40,480 --> 11:28:41,480
of a hard drive system to continue
18331
11:28:42,320 --> 11:28:43,320
working after a problem with one of the
18332
11:28:44,080 --> 11:28:45,080
drives
18333
11:28:45,116 --> 11:28:46,116
so
18334
11:28:46,160 --> 11:28:47,160
if i have let's say three hard drives
18335
11:28:48,960 --> 11:28:49,960
and one of them crashes suddenly
18336
11:28:51,360 --> 11:28:52,360
i don't want to be
18337
11:28:52,880 --> 11:28:53,880
i don't want my entire system to to go
18338
11:28:54,960 --> 11:28:55,960
down i want to be able to run off just
18339
11:28:57,116 --> 11:28:58,116
the two drives raid allows that to
18340
11:28:59,596 --> 11:29:00,596
happen
18341
11:29:01,436 --> 11:29:02,436
now a distinction between fault
18342
11:29:03,040 --> 11:29:04,040
tolerance and a backup
18343
11:29:04,800 --> 11:29:05,800
fault tolerance
18344
11:29:06,560 --> 11:29:07,560
allows the hard drives to continue
18345
11:29:08,880 --> 11:29:09,880
functioning whereas about even if
18346
11:29:11,116 --> 11:29:12,116
there's a problem with one of the drives
18347
11:29:13,360 --> 11:29:14,360
whereas a backup allows me to
18348
11:29:17,360 --> 11:29:18,360
restore in case of a problem it takes
18349
11:29:19,916 --> 11:29:20,916
data and copies it someplace else but i
18350
11:29:21,916 --> 11:29:22,916
can't use it in real time
18351
11:29:24,960 --> 11:29:25,960
the levels you have to know for the exam
18352
11:29:27,916 --> 11:29:28,916
are 0 1 and 5
18353
11:29:29,916 --> 11:29:30,916
and 10 is also good to know and it's a
18354
11:29:32,160 --> 11:29:33,160
combination of two of the previous ones
18355
11:29:34,000 --> 11:29:35,000
which is why i include it
18356
11:29:35,756 --> 11:29:36,756
so i'm going to tell you what each of
18357
11:29:36,960 --> 11:29:37,960
these means
18358
11:29:39,360 --> 11:29:40,360
raid 0
18359
11:29:41,040 --> 11:29:42,040
provides data striping only and i'll
18360
11:29:43,276 --> 11:29:44,276
tell you what that means
18361
11:29:46,720 --> 11:29:47,720
let's say i have two disks
18362
11:29:50,720 --> 11:29:51,720
and they're set up in a raid 0 array
18363
11:29:55,276 --> 11:29:56,276
what happens here
18364
11:29:57,116 --> 11:29:58,116
is when i'm writing data it writes it
18365
11:29:59,680 --> 11:30:00,680
across both of these disks sort of like
18366
11:30:02,640 --> 11:30:03,640
that dynamic disk we were talking about
18367
11:30:04,880 --> 11:30:05,880
earlier versus a basic disk
18368
11:30:07,840 --> 11:30:08,840
so
18369
11:30:08,720 --> 11:30:09,720
while this
18370
11:30:10,080 --> 11:30:11,080
hard drive is busy working this one can
18371
11:30:12,720 --> 11:30:13,720
be reading or writing so i get faster
18372
11:30:15,680 --> 11:30:16,680
speed on both of these disks it improves
18373
11:30:18,640 --> 11:30:19,640
performance by
18374
11:30:20,160 --> 11:30:21,160
utilizing these two disks in a better
18375
11:30:22,080 --> 11:30:23,080
way
18376
11:30:24,320 --> 11:30:25,320
however there is no redundancy here if
18377
11:30:27,436 --> 11:30:28,436
one of these disks crashes
18378
11:30:29,680 --> 11:30:30,680
this one
18379
11:30:31,040 --> 11:30:32,040
won't work anymore i've lost my data
18380
11:30:34,640 --> 11:30:35,640
so it doesn't deliver any fault
18381
11:30:36,560 --> 11:30:37,560
tolerance which we talked about this
18382
11:30:38,400 --> 11:30:39,400
just delivers speed
18383
11:30:41,276 --> 11:30:42,276
like i said one drive fails all the data
18384
11:30:44,080 --> 11:30:45,080
in the array is lost i'm in trouble
18385
11:30:46,720 --> 11:30:47,720
unless i have a backup
18386
11:30:50,320 --> 11:30:51,320
as i showed you it requires at least two
18387
11:30:53,436 --> 11:30:54,436
disks so i can
18388
11:30:54,960 --> 11:30:55,960
stripe
18389
11:30:58,000 --> 11:30:59,000
the data across those arrays i can have
18390
11:31:00,480 --> 11:31:01,480
three if i want
18391
11:31:02,640 --> 11:31:03,640
but i need at least two two is the
18392
11:31:04,800 --> 11:31:05,800
minimum that's important to know
18393
11:31:09,116 --> 11:31:10,116
raid 1
18394
11:31:11,200 --> 11:31:12,200
is mirroring or duplexing
18395
11:31:13,916 --> 11:31:14,916
what this means is it gives me
18396
11:31:16,000 --> 11:31:17,000
redundancy and fault tolerance rather
18397
11:31:17,916 --> 11:31:18,916
than speed it does exactly what you
18398
11:31:20,400 --> 11:31:21,400
think it is
18399
11:31:24,160 --> 11:31:25,160
whatever are right here is copied over
18400
11:31:26,880 --> 11:31:27,880
here
18401
11:31:27,840 --> 11:31:28,840
i'm not striping
18402
11:31:30,640 --> 11:31:31,640
the data across more than one disk
18403
11:31:33,360 --> 11:31:34,360
rather i'm copying mirroring one disk to
18404
11:31:36,480 --> 11:31:37,480
another
18405
11:31:37,680 --> 11:31:38,680
this requires at least two drives to
18406
11:31:40,160 --> 11:31:41,160
work
18407
11:31:41,040 --> 11:31:42,040
i can't do it with three drives either i
18408
11:31:43,116 --> 11:31:44,116
need an even number of drives in order
18409
11:31:44,960 --> 11:31:45,960
to mirror
18410
11:31:46,400 --> 11:31:47,400
so if i have four drives
18411
11:31:52,720 --> 11:31:53,720
that would work as well
18412
11:31:55,200 --> 11:31:56,200
and it would copy whatever is over here
18413
11:31:57,436 --> 11:31:58,436
over to here
18414
11:32:00,160 --> 11:32:01,160
the difference between mirroring and
18415
11:32:01,756 --> 11:32:02,756
duplexing
18416
11:32:03,116 --> 11:32:04,116
is that duplexing
18417
11:32:04,960 --> 11:32:05,960
mirroring has one raid controller
18418
11:32:07,276 --> 11:32:08,276
meaning there's one controller
18419
11:32:08,880 --> 11:32:09,880
controlling all this
18420
11:32:13,040 --> 11:32:14,040
whereas
18421
11:32:16,640 --> 11:32:17,640
duplexing
18422
11:32:18,240 --> 11:32:19,240
is slightly different
18423
11:32:24,160 --> 11:32:25,160
and has
18424
11:32:25,436 --> 11:32:26,436
two controllers
18425
11:32:27,680 --> 11:32:28,680
in effect you're not really going to see
18426
11:32:29,116 --> 11:32:30,116
a difference duplexing might be a little
18427
11:32:31,040 --> 11:32:32,040
faster because it has two controllers
18428
11:32:33,116 --> 11:32:34,116
but the important thing to know here is
18429
11:32:34,640 --> 11:32:35,640
mirroring is for redundancy only not
18430
11:32:37,040 --> 11:32:38,040
speed
18431
11:32:41,756 --> 11:32:42,756
finally there's raid 5.
18432
11:32:44,400 --> 11:32:45,400
raid 5 is striping with what's called
18433
11:32:47,040 --> 11:32:48,040
parity
18434
11:32:50,320 --> 11:32:51,320
what this means if you remember parity
18435
11:32:52,240 --> 11:32:53,240
from ram
18436
11:32:57,916 --> 11:32:58,916
that provided error correction
18437
11:33:00,000 --> 11:33:01,000
so if i have three disks which is the
18438
11:33:01,840 --> 11:33:02,840
minimum
18439
11:33:02,880 --> 11:33:03,880
i'm going to reserve a small part of all
18440
11:33:05,200 --> 11:33:06,200
of these disks for parity
18441
11:33:18,080 --> 11:33:19,080
this gives me good performance because
18442
11:33:20,320 --> 11:33:21,320
it's striping across the disks
18443
11:33:22,960 --> 11:33:23,960
but
18444
11:33:23,756 --> 11:33:24,756
if one of the disks goes bad
18445
11:33:28,800 --> 11:33:29,800
it can actually run
18446
11:33:30,720 --> 11:33:31,720
the information
18447
11:33:33,916 --> 11:33:34,916
off of the parity of these two disks
18448
11:33:38,000 --> 11:33:39,000
these two disks
18449
11:33:40,320 --> 11:33:41,320
create that disk and what i can actually
18450
11:33:42,480 --> 11:33:43,480
do is put a new disk in
18451
11:33:44,480 --> 11:33:45,480
and it will rebuild from that
18452
11:33:46,320 --> 11:33:47,320
information
18453
11:33:48,800 --> 11:33:49,800
so it provides fault tolerance in
18454
11:33:51,360 --> 11:33:52,360
addition to performance
18455
11:33:53,360 --> 11:33:54,360
this is one of the most popular
18456
11:33:54,640 --> 11:33:55,640
implementations of raid
18457
11:33:56,400 --> 11:33:57,400
and it requires at least three disks as
18458
11:33:58,640 --> 11:33:59,640
i showed you okay
18459
11:34:01,756 --> 11:34:02,756
so
18460
11:34:04,720 --> 11:34:05,720
we talked about raid including raids 0 1
18461
11:34:08,400 --> 11:34:09,400
and 5. by the way just because i didn't
18462
11:34:10,880 --> 11:34:11,880
we didn't mention it and i wanted to
18463
11:34:12,640 --> 11:34:13,640
talk about raid 10.
18464
11:34:14,320 --> 11:34:15,320
raid 10 is a combination between
18465
11:34:17,360 --> 11:34:18,360
raid 5 and uh and raid
18466
11:34:20,640 --> 11:34:21,640
1 mirroring and striping so what it
18467
11:34:23,916 --> 11:34:24,916
provides
18468
11:34:26,240 --> 11:34:27,240
in effect
18469
11:34:29,200 --> 11:34:30,200
is
18470
11:34:33,200 --> 11:34:34,200
a striping disk
18471
11:34:40,080 --> 11:34:41,080
that then
18472
11:34:42,240 --> 11:34:43,240
it mirrors
18473
11:34:43,360 --> 11:34:44,360
okay
18474
11:34:44,320 --> 11:34:45,320
sometimes you'll just have the striping
18475
11:34:46,320 --> 11:34:47,320
on this which is a pure raid 10 and
18476
11:34:48,800 --> 11:34:49,800
sometimes what they'll call it if you
18477
11:34:50,320 --> 11:34:51,320
have um the striping with
18478
11:34:52,840 --> 11:34:53,840
parody mirrored then that's going to be
18479
11:34:55,520 --> 11:34:56,520
a raid 15. don't be too concerned with
18480
11:34:58,000 --> 11:34:59,000
that for the test but what it basically
18481
11:34:59,680 --> 11:35:00,680
does is mixes the two so that you have
18482
11:35:02,240 --> 11:35:03,240
double the redundancy and double the
18483
11:35:04,240 --> 11:35:05,240
speed
18484
11:35:05,916 --> 11:35:06,916
all right really quick let's talk about
18485
11:35:07,916 --> 11:35:08,916
this again the file system basics fat32
18486
11:35:11,436 --> 11:35:12,436
that is the original
18487
11:35:13,596 --> 11:35:14,596
opera uh uh file system fat32 replaced
18488
11:35:17,360 --> 11:35:18,360
that was good for interoperability
18489
11:35:20,160 --> 11:35:21,160
between operating systems and on usb
18490
11:35:22,720 --> 11:35:23,720
drives which is where you're going to
18491
11:35:23,756 --> 11:35:24,756
use it
18492
11:35:24,720 --> 11:35:25,720
ntfs is the file system you're going to
18493
11:35:27,520 --> 11:35:28,520
use with windows because it allows for
18494
11:35:29,840 --> 11:35:30,840
encryption
18495
11:35:33,040 --> 11:35:34,040
and permissions
18496
11:35:37,916 --> 11:35:38,916
exfat which was created specifically for
18497
11:35:40,960 --> 11:35:41,960
usb drives
18498
11:35:42,640 --> 11:35:43,640
and is sort of trying to replace fat32
18499
11:35:46,080 --> 11:35:47,080
and the compact disk file system which
18500
11:35:48,000 --> 11:35:49,000
is specifically
18501
11:35:50,560 --> 11:35:51,560
for cds
18502
11:35:52,080 --> 11:35:53,080
we looked at the disk management utility
18503
11:35:54,720 --> 11:35:55,720
which you can get to
18504
11:35:56,400 --> 11:35:57,400
the through the management utility
18505
11:35:58,400 --> 11:35:59,400
itself by right clicking
18506
11:36:02,840 --> 11:36:03,840
computer and going to manage
18507
11:36:07,840 --> 11:36:08,840
we'll look at volumes versus partitions
18508
11:36:10,400 --> 11:36:11,400
volumes is what they're called
18509
11:36:13,360 --> 11:36:14,360
in
18510
11:36:15,680 --> 11:36:16,680
windows
18511
11:36:17,840 --> 11:36:18,840
and partitions what they're called in
18512
11:36:19,840 --> 11:36:20,840
vista
18513
11:36:21,840 --> 11:36:22,840
and xp
18514
11:36:23,360 --> 11:36:24,360
and then logical drives which is
18515
11:36:25,276 --> 11:36:26,276
different from a physical hard drive
18516
11:36:28,240 --> 11:36:29,240
if i have a physical hard drive my
18517
11:36:29,916 --> 11:36:30,916
logical drives would be c and d and all
18518
11:36:32,800 --> 11:36:33,800
of these logical partitions
18519
11:36:34,880 --> 11:36:35,880
then we talked about raid including zero
18520
11:36:36,880 --> 11:36:37,880
one and five remember zero
18521
11:36:39,520 --> 11:36:40,520
was striping
18522
11:36:41,520 --> 11:36:42,520
and required two disks
18523
11:36:45,200 --> 11:36:46,200
one
18524
11:36:47,200 --> 11:36:48,200
was mirroring or duplexing
18525
11:36:50,880 --> 11:36:51,880
and also required two disks
18526
11:36:54,720 --> 11:36:55,720
and five
18527
11:36:56,400 --> 11:36:57,400
was striping
18528
11:36:59,520 --> 11:37:00,520
with parity
18529
11:37:01,840 --> 11:37:02,840
which required three disks
18530
11:37:05,276 --> 11:37:06,276
and what that did again
18531
11:37:07,756 --> 11:37:08,756
is it reserved a part of the hard drive
18532
11:37:12,400 --> 11:37:13,400
for error correction so if one of these
18533
11:37:14,400 --> 11:37:15,400
hard drives goes bad
18534
11:37:17,436 --> 11:37:18,436
that parity
18535
11:37:18,880 --> 11:37:19,880
can recreate the drive
18536
11:37:21,436 --> 11:37:22,436
okay
18537
11:37:23,840 --> 11:37:24,840
having gone over all of this uh under
18538
11:37:26,160 --> 11:37:27,160
the hood stuff let's get into the thick
18539
11:37:28,960 --> 11:37:29,960
of windows and how we're going to work
18540
11:37:31,436 --> 11:37:32,436
within it
18541
11:37:35,690 --> 11:37:36,690
[Music]
18542
11:37:55,916 --> 11:37:56,916
windows configuration
18543
11:37:57,840 --> 11:37:58,840
user interfaces
18544
11:38:00,080 --> 11:38:01,080
we've now looked at windows under the
18545
11:38:02,880 --> 11:38:03,880
hood so to speak what makes it work
18546
11:38:04,720 --> 11:38:05,720
behind the scenes
18547
11:38:06,240 --> 11:38:07,240
so let's take a look at what makes
18548
11:38:08,560 --> 11:38:09,560
windows such a popular operating system
18549
11:38:10,880 --> 11:38:11,880
by first looking at how the user
18550
11:38:12,640 --> 11:38:13,640
interfaces with it and overall we're
18551
11:38:15,200 --> 11:38:16,200
going to look at how you can configure
18552
11:38:16,960 --> 11:38:17,960
windows to work best for you or for your
18553
11:38:19,680 --> 11:38:20,680
client
18554
11:38:20,880 --> 11:38:21,880
first we're going to talk about windows
18555
11:38:22,480 --> 11:38:23,480
graphical user interface
18556
11:38:24,480 --> 11:38:25,480
as the name implies this is the way
18557
11:38:27,916 --> 11:38:28,916
by which the user interfaces or works
18558
11:38:31,040 --> 11:38:32,040
with windows in a graphical way unlike
18559
11:38:34,000 --> 11:38:35,000
the command line which we talked about
18560
11:38:36,960 --> 11:38:37,960
in the previous lesson and we'll discuss
18561
11:38:38,720 --> 11:38:39,720
a little more later
18562
11:38:40,720 --> 11:38:41,720
the graphical user interface or gui
18563
11:38:43,840 --> 11:38:44,840
is comprised of the desktop
18564
11:38:46,400 --> 11:38:47,400
icons
18565
11:38:48,560 --> 11:38:49,560
the taskbar
18566
11:38:51,436 --> 11:38:52,436
which also has on it the start menu
18567
11:38:54,560 --> 11:38:55,560
the quick launch menu and the
18568
11:38:56,400 --> 11:38:57,400
notification area
18569
11:38:58,800 --> 11:38:59,800
we'll also look at sidebar and gadgets
18570
11:39:01,436 --> 11:39:02,436
which are on the desktop
18571
11:39:03,840 --> 11:39:04,840
the application windows and dialog boxes
18572
11:39:06,640 --> 11:39:07,640
and how they're used and what they look
18573
11:39:09,040 --> 11:39:10,040
like in windows
18574
11:39:11,436 --> 11:39:12,436
and finally we'll talk discuss windows
18575
11:39:13,596 --> 11:39:14,596
arrow which was introduced with vista to
18576
11:39:16,560 --> 11:39:17,560
make the experience more graphical
18577
11:39:19,116 --> 11:39:20,116
friendly and
18578
11:39:20,880 --> 11:39:21,880
quote unquote cooler
18579
11:39:24,000 --> 11:39:25,000
so first let's talk about the gui the
18580
11:39:26,160 --> 11:39:27,160
graphical user interface
18581
11:39:28,240 --> 11:39:29,240
this is how the user interacts with the
18582
11:39:30,800 --> 11:39:31,800
operating system it used to be if you
18583
11:39:33,436 --> 11:39:34,436
wanted to talk to your system you had to
18584
11:39:35,756 --> 11:39:36,756
use a keyboard and type commands but
18585
11:39:38,160 --> 11:39:39,160
ever since the introduction of windows
18586
11:39:41,436 --> 11:39:42,436
and some other operating systems as well
18587
11:39:43,116 --> 11:39:44,116
but specifically windows 3 3 and 3.1
18588
11:39:47,040 --> 11:39:48,040
and now all the way up to windows 7 and
18589
11:39:49,276 --> 11:39:50,276
8 the user interacts with the operating
18590
11:39:51,596 --> 11:39:52,596
system using a mouse and a keyboard
18591
11:39:54,720 --> 11:39:55,720
the best thing about windows is that it
18592
11:39:56,480 --> 11:39:57,480
can be customized for a particular user
18593
11:39:58,960 --> 11:39:59,960
and system as we'll discuss throughout
18594
11:40:00,960 --> 11:40:01,960
this course
18595
11:40:02,400 --> 11:40:03,400
you need a keyboard and mouse for a gui
18596
11:40:05,040 --> 11:40:06,040
what this means is i can type with my
18597
11:40:07,276 --> 11:40:08,276
keyboard but in order to click
18598
11:40:09,680 --> 11:40:10,680
all the stuff like my start menu and my
18599
11:40:11,916 --> 11:40:12,916
icons and stuff we're going to talk
18600
11:40:13,596 --> 11:40:14,596
about you need a mouse and that was one
18601
11:40:16,160 --> 11:40:17,160
of the revolutionary things that apple
18602
11:40:18,400 --> 11:40:19,400
and later ma
18603
11:40:19,840 --> 11:40:20,840
and then microsoft introduced of course
18604
11:40:22,400 --> 11:40:23,400
the difficulty in the beginning was
18605
11:40:24,000 --> 11:40:25,000
making a mouse that was cheap now of
18606
11:40:26,000 --> 11:40:27,000
course they can be purchased for a
18607
11:40:28,240 --> 11:40:29,240
dollar or perhaps even less
18608
11:40:31,200 --> 11:40:32,200
everything on the display everything you
18609
11:40:34,160 --> 11:40:35,160
see is part of the graphical user
18610
11:40:36,560 --> 11:40:37,560
interface this is again how the user
18611
11:40:40,320 --> 11:40:41,320
works with the operating system
18612
11:40:44,000 --> 11:40:45,000
so first let's take a look at the
18613
11:40:45,276 --> 11:40:46,276
desktop
18614
11:40:46,640 --> 11:40:47,640
this is what you see on the screen
18615
11:40:49,116 --> 11:40:50,116
all of this this is the desktop
18616
11:40:52,480 --> 11:40:53,480
and it is windows from a cosmetic
18617
11:40:55,040 --> 11:40:56,040
standpoint so for all intents and
18618
11:40:56,880 --> 11:40:57,880
purposes when we talk about windows
18619
11:40:58,720 --> 11:40:59,720
we're talking about the windows desktop
18620
11:41:01,596 --> 11:41:02,596
it was meant to replace the user's
18621
11:41:04,000 --> 11:41:05,000
physical desktop back when it was
18622
11:41:05,680 --> 11:41:06,680
introduced with windows 3.1 and now up
18623
11:41:08,480 --> 11:41:09,480
until the present day
18624
11:41:10,080 --> 11:41:11,080
meaning that you have things on your
18625
11:41:12,640 --> 11:41:13,640
physical desktop paper
18626
11:41:15,436 --> 11:41:16,436
pens
18627
11:41:16,480 --> 11:41:17,480
uh envelopes books and you take them and
18628
11:41:20,640 --> 11:41:21,640
put them in the forefront open them and
18629
11:41:22,560 --> 11:41:23,560
that's how you work with them and so in
18630
11:41:24,720 --> 11:41:25,720
a way the windows desktop is meant to
18631
11:41:27,596 --> 11:41:28,596
replicate and replace a user's physical
18632
11:41:29,756 --> 11:41:30,756
desktop
18633
11:41:31,116 --> 11:41:32,116
it was designed to be as user friendly
18634
11:41:34,160 --> 11:41:35,160
and as customizable as possible this is
18635
11:41:37,116 --> 11:41:38,116
because everyone likes their desk
18636
11:41:39,040 --> 11:41:40,040
organized a certain way perhaps i like
18637
11:41:41,116 --> 11:41:42,116
my stapler on my left hand side and you
18638
11:41:43,040 --> 11:41:44,040
like it on your right hand side
18639
11:41:45,040 --> 11:41:46,040
in the same way almost everything in
18640
11:41:46,480 --> 11:41:47,480
windows is customizable
18641
11:41:48,480 --> 11:41:49,480
and
18642
11:41:49,116 --> 11:41:50,116
as you can see the easiest way to
18643
11:41:51,200 --> 11:41:52,200
customize the desktop is to right-click
18644
11:41:53,436 --> 11:41:54,436
anywhere on the desktop
18645
11:41:55,840 --> 11:41:56,840
and click personalize right here at
18646
11:41:58,080 --> 11:41:59,080
least in windows vista and then
18647
11:42:01,360 --> 11:42:02,360
in windows
18648
11:42:03,436 --> 11:42:04,436
7.
18649
11:42:04,960 --> 11:42:05,960
in windows xp it involves going into the
18650
11:42:07,040 --> 11:42:08,040
control panel and altering the display
18651
11:42:09,680 --> 11:42:10,680
settings
18652
11:42:11,916 --> 11:42:12,916
icons are these little clickable
18653
11:42:14,240 --> 11:42:15,240
pictures on the desktop
18654
11:42:16,480 --> 11:42:17,480
they are either entire programs that can
18655
11:42:18,800 --> 11:42:19,800
run from a desktop or elsewhere for
18656
11:42:21,756 --> 11:42:22,756
instance the windows explorer
18657
11:42:23,756 --> 11:42:24,756
or
18658
11:42:24,640 --> 11:42:25,640
their files stored on the desktop
18659
11:42:27,436 --> 11:42:28,436
instead of some an entire program they
18660
11:42:29,360 --> 11:42:30,360
might be a file such as a picture or a
18661
11:42:34,240 --> 11:42:35,240
text document
18662
11:42:35,756 --> 11:42:36,756
or there's shortcuts for program files
18663
11:42:37,756 --> 11:42:38,756
that are stored elsewhere the way you
18664
11:42:39,840 --> 11:42:40,840
know a shortcut is it has this little
18665
11:42:42,560 --> 11:42:43,560
arrow
18666
11:42:43,916 --> 11:42:44,916
in the lower left hand side
18667
11:42:46,080 --> 11:42:47,080
this means that unlike this which is an
18668
11:42:49,116 --> 11:42:50,116
application of sorts the recycling bin
18669
11:42:51,756 --> 11:42:52,756
um
18670
11:42:53,360 --> 11:42:54,360
the calculator this is not where the
18671
11:42:55,840 --> 11:42:56,840
actual application resides it doesn't
18672
11:42:58,480 --> 11:42:59,480
live in the desktop this is just an easy
18673
11:43:01,040 --> 11:43:02,040
way to get to it you click this it
18674
11:43:03,756 --> 11:43:04,756
actually takes you to a different
18675
11:43:05,040 --> 11:43:06,040
location within windows and will open up
18676
11:43:08,240 --> 11:43:09,240
that application so this is called a
18677
11:43:10,560 --> 11:43:11,560
shortcut
18678
11:43:13,040 --> 11:43:14,040
they're um small the other way you know
18679
11:43:15,680 --> 11:43:16,680
a shortcut is it's usually between one
18680
11:43:17,520 --> 11:43:18,520
to four kilobytes in size and that's
18681
11:43:19,276 --> 11:43:20,276
because again there's no data stored in
18682
11:43:21,596 --> 11:43:22,596
a shortcut icon
18683
11:43:23,840 --> 11:43:24,840
there is just a pointer that redirects
18684
11:43:27,916 --> 11:43:28,916
the
18685
11:43:28,640 --> 11:43:29,640
once you click redirects windows to find
18686
11:43:31,200 --> 11:43:32,200
the application elsewhere
18687
11:43:35,916 --> 11:43:36,916
as i mentioned this is not the actual
18688
11:43:37,756 --> 11:43:38,756
program it's important to remember that
18689
11:43:39,200 --> 11:43:40,200
because some people get confused if i
18690
11:43:41,436 --> 11:43:42,436
delete
18691
11:43:43,040 --> 11:43:44,040
this icon because it is just a shortcut
18692
11:43:46,480 --> 11:43:47,480
i'm not doing anything to the actual
18693
11:43:48,400 --> 11:43:49,400
program i'm simply removing a shortcut
18694
11:43:51,680 --> 11:43:52,680
to the program
18695
11:43:55,916 --> 11:43:56,916
the taskbar has many different parts and
18696
11:43:58,320 --> 11:43:59,320
it was introduced with windows 95.
18697
11:44:01,916 --> 11:44:02,916
it allows you quick access to a lot of
18698
11:44:04,240 --> 11:44:05,240
different things and it's the bar
18699
11:44:06,160 --> 11:44:07,160
spanning the bottom and that's by
18700
11:44:08,320 --> 11:44:09,320
default the bottom
18701
11:44:09,916 --> 11:44:10,916
of the desktop
18702
11:44:11,756 --> 11:44:12,756
so i just want to point out this is the
18703
11:44:13,200 --> 11:44:14,200
default setting it can be changed as
18704
11:44:15,436 --> 11:44:16,436
we'll see in one second and as you can
18705
11:44:17,200 --> 11:44:18,200
tell from this image over here to the
18706
11:44:18,720 --> 11:44:19,720
right
18707
11:44:19,756 --> 11:44:20,756
the first part of this taskbar
18708
11:44:22,320 --> 11:44:23,320
is the start button this used to
18709
11:44:24,240 --> 11:44:25,240
actually say start
18710
11:44:26,240 --> 11:44:27,240
but in vista it was rebranded to have a
18711
11:44:30,080 --> 11:44:31,080
um
18712
11:44:31,276 --> 11:44:32,276
a circle with the windows logo in it you
18713
11:44:34,080 --> 11:44:35,080
can bring back
18714
11:44:35,596 --> 11:44:36,596
the start menu by turning on the classic
18715
11:44:38,640 --> 11:44:39,640
uh taskbar but that's not as important
18716
11:44:41,276 --> 11:44:42,276
for the a plus exam
18717
11:44:43,040 --> 11:44:44,040
the start button gives you access to
18718
11:44:44,400 --> 11:44:45,400
several things we'll talk about in a
18719
11:44:45,680 --> 11:44:46,680
minute
18720
11:44:46,960 --> 11:44:47,960
next is the quick launch menu which
18721
11:44:49,116 --> 11:44:50,116
gives you quick access to specific
18722
11:44:51,360 --> 11:44:52,360
programs
18723
11:44:53,840 --> 11:44:54,840
then
18724
11:44:54,800 --> 11:44:55,800
the bar displays any open applications
18725
11:44:58,880 --> 11:44:59,880
here you can see the calculator is open
18726
11:45:02,400 --> 11:45:03,400
and following that
18727
11:45:04,000 --> 11:45:05,000
what's called the notification area
18728
11:45:08,880 --> 11:45:09,880
you can actually move
18729
11:45:10,880 --> 11:45:11,880
the
18730
11:45:12,000 --> 11:45:13,000
start menu
18731
11:45:13,200 --> 11:45:14,200
to either the top or the bottom
18732
11:45:16,480 --> 11:45:17,480
alternatively you can move it to either
18733
11:45:18,640 --> 11:45:19,640
side of the desktop
18734
11:45:20,320 --> 11:45:21,320
like i've done over here
18735
11:45:22,720 --> 11:45:23,720
just to show you how that works
18736
11:45:28,560 --> 11:45:29,560
if i right click on the taskbar
18737
11:45:30,880 --> 11:45:31,880
and go to properties
18738
11:45:33,436 --> 11:45:34,436
i can choose where i want the location
18739
11:45:40,320 --> 11:45:41,320
and just as that it's easy to move
18740
11:45:42,960 --> 11:45:43,960
while i'm here i can also show you by
18741
11:45:45,040 --> 11:45:46,040
dragging the taskbar i can actually make
18742
11:45:47,680 --> 11:45:48,680
it larger
18743
11:45:50,400 --> 11:45:51,400
or small
18744
11:45:54,880 --> 11:45:55,880
as i mentioned it can also be resized to
18745
11:45:57,360 --> 11:45:58,360
fill up to 40 percent of the screen like
18746
11:45:59,520 --> 11:46:00,520
you just saw me do
18747
11:46:03,916 --> 11:46:04,916
so let's take a closer look at the start
18748
11:46:05,520 --> 11:46:06,520
menu and here it is opened up
18749
11:46:07,680 --> 11:46:08,680
it is the main menu that is launched
18750
11:46:09,680 --> 11:46:10,680
from the start button
18751
11:46:12,240 --> 11:46:13,240
it contains several things
18752
11:46:14,720 --> 11:46:15,720
including a listing of all the tools
18753
11:46:16,720 --> 11:46:17,720
within windows
18754
11:46:18,560 --> 11:46:19,560
on the right
18755
11:46:24,560 --> 11:46:25,560
all the microsoft applications
18756
11:46:28,640 --> 11:46:29,640
any third-party applications which you
18757
11:46:30,480 --> 11:46:31,480
can reach by clicking on all programs
18758
11:46:35,756 --> 11:46:36,756
you can search for files or applications
18759
11:46:39,040 --> 11:46:40,040
right here in what used to be the run
18760
11:46:41,840 --> 11:46:42,840
area that was specifically in xp so this
18761
11:46:45,360 --> 11:46:46,360
is really in vista and seven we're
18762
11:46:47,200 --> 11:46:48,200
talking about here
18763
11:46:49,520 --> 11:46:50,520
and it also allows you to access the
18764
11:46:51,276 --> 11:46:52,276
control panel very easily and other
18765
11:46:53,916 --> 11:46:54,916
parts of the control panel
18766
11:47:00,880 --> 11:47:01,880
it also shows who's currently logged in
18767
11:47:03,596 --> 11:47:04,596
and will give you access to any recently
18768
11:47:06,080 --> 11:47:07,080
opened applications that you access a
18769
11:47:08,480 --> 11:47:09,480
lot so you don't have to then click all
18770
11:47:10,320 --> 11:47:11,320
programs and go to them
18771
11:47:13,680 --> 11:47:14,680
it enables you
18772
11:47:15,276 --> 11:47:16,276
on this button to log off restart shut
18773
11:47:18,400 --> 11:47:19,400
down or sleep the computer
18774
11:47:23,200 --> 11:47:24,200
the quick launch menu which you can see
18775
11:47:25,756 --> 11:47:26,756
right next
18776
11:47:27,276 --> 11:47:28,276
to the start menu right here
18777
11:47:31,276 --> 11:47:32,276
is directly to the right of the start
18778
11:47:32,640 --> 11:47:33,640
button and contains shortcuts to
18779
11:47:34,640 --> 11:47:35,640
applications or files that you
18780
11:47:36,320 --> 11:47:37,320
frequently use
18781
11:47:37,756 --> 11:47:38,756
now the benefit is that these are always
18782
11:47:40,160 --> 11:47:41,160
visible by default meaning no matter if
18783
11:47:42,400 --> 11:47:43,400
i'm in another application is open for
18784
11:47:44,560 --> 11:47:45,560
instance i'll always be able to open in
18785
11:47:46,640 --> 11:47:47,640
this case internet explorer
18786
11:47:48,800 --> 11:47:49,800
and windows explorer
18787
11:47:51,680 --> 11:47:52,680
the shortcut on desktop
18788
11:47:53,916 --> 11:47:54,916
the shortcuts on the desktop rather are
18789
11:47:56,480 --> 11:47:57,480
covered when i open applications so
18790
11:47:59,116 --> 11:48:00,116
while i won't be able to access my
18791
11:48:00,720 --> 11:48:01,720
desktop icons i can always access my
18792
11:48:03,116 --> 11:48:04,116
quick launch icons which is why it's so
18793
11:48:05,360 --> 11:48:06,360
important
18794
11:48:06,960 --> 11:48:07,960
the notification area is to the far
18795
11:48:09,360 --> 11:48:10,360
right of the taskbar
18796
11:48:11,520 --> 11:48:12,520
it's also known as the system tray
18797
11:48:13,840 --> 11:48:14,840
specifically in windows xp and older
18798
11:48:16,320 --> 11:48:17,320
versions of windows
18799
11:48:19,520 --> 11:48:20,520
it houses several things including the
18800
11:48:22,560 --> 11:48:23,560
clock as you can see
18801
11:48:24,800 --> 11:48:25,800
right here which also has the
18802
11:48:27,360 --> 11:48:28,360
date
18803
11:48:28,960 --> 11:48:29,960
any icons of applications that are open
18804
11:48:31,360 --> 11:48:32,360
in the background as well so while open
18805
11:48:34,160 --> 11:48:35,160
applications are going to appear on the
18806
11:48:35,756 --> 11:48:36,756
taskbar there are some applications that
18807
11:48:38,080 --> 11:48:39,080
don't appear open they work in the
18808
11:48:40,240 --> 11:48:41,240
background and this is going to show
18809
11:48:42,080 --> 11:48:43,080
those as well as um certain icons uh
18810
11:48:46,880 --> 11:48:47,880
that give access to other sort of things
18811
11:48:48,880 --> 11:48:49,880
for instance your usb devices
18812
11:48:51,680 --> 11:48:52,680
if the computer is plugged in if it's a
18813
11:48:53,436 --> 11:48:54,436
laptop etc the more of these that are
18814
11:48:56,720 --> 11:48:57,720
open
18815
11:48:57,596 --> 11:48:58,596
by the way
18816
11:48:58,960 --> 11:48:59,960
that's the more
18817
11:49:00,400 --> 11:49:01,400
resources are being used on your
18818
11:49:02,080 --> 11:49:03,080
computer because obviously more
18819
11:49:03,596 --> 11:49:04,596
applications open more resources being
18820
11:49:05,756 --> 11:49:06,756
used
18821
11:49:08,640 --> 11:49:09,640
the sidebar in gadgets now
18822
11:49:11,596 --> 11:49:12,596
in vista the sidebar is a windows pane
18823
11:49:14,320 --> 11:49:15,320
on the side of the desktop to the right
18824
11:49:16,480 --> 11:49:17,480
and it contains the gadgets in windows 7
18825
11:49:19,200 --> 11:49:20,200
the sidebar was removed and you could
18826
11:49:20,880 --> 11:49:21,880
actually put the gadgets anywhere on the
18827
11:49:22,400 --> 11:49:23,400
desktop
18828
11:49:23,680 --> 11:49:24,680
gadgets are mini applications that
18829
11:49:25,436 --> 11:49:26,436
interact with other applications so as
18830
11:49:27,680 --> 11:49:28,680
you can see here i have a gadget for
18831
11:49:30,000 --> 11:49:31,000
the date
18832
11:49:31,200 --> 11:49:32,200
calendar gadget there it looks like
18833
11:49:33,436 --> 11:49:34,436
there's a gadget here for rss headlines
18834
11:49:36,640 --> 11:49:37,640
and feeds here's a gadget that shows the
18835
11:49:38,800 --> 11:49:39,800
weather a small gadget with a puzzle
18836
11:49:41,276 --> 11:49:42,276
that i can solve and then something that
18837
11:49:43,116 --> 11:49:44,116
looks like a picture slideshow gadget
18838
11:49:46,320 --> 11:49:47,320
so for instance weather updates traffic
18839
11:49:49,360 --> 11:49:50,360
radio these are all examples of the
18840
11:49:51,276 --> 11:49:52,276
sorts of gadgets i can run on my desktop
18841
11:49:56,240 --> 11:49:57,240
to access get the gadget gallery by the
18842
11:49:58,560 --> 11:49:59,560
way you can go into the control panel
18843
11:50:01,116 --> 11:50:02,116
and click desktop gadgets i'm not going
18844
11:50:03,200 --> 11:50:04,200
to go over that right now because it
18845
11:50:04,480 --> 11:50:05,480
probably won't be covered on the test
18846
11:50:06,000 --> 11:50:07,000
what you do want to know and this is how
18847
11:50:07,436 --> 11:50:08,436
i've seen this is remember this word
18848
11:50:09,360 --> 11:50:10,360
gadgets
18849
11:50:10,560 --> 11:50:11,560
sometimes they try throwing you off by
18850
11:50:13,040 --> 11:50:14,040
calling them widgets that's incorrect
18851
11:50:15,360 --> 11:50:16,360
that's what they're called on
18852
11:50:17,436 --> 11:50:18,436
apple mac okay
18853
11:50:19,680 --> 11:50:20,680
so in windows they're called gadgets on
18854
11:50:22,480 --> 11:50:23,480
apple they're actually called widgets
18855
11:50:27,116 --> 11:50:28,116
finally here's an example of an
18856
11:50:28,400 --> 11:50:29,400
application window
18857
11:50:30,160 --> 11:50:31,160
these are windows that are opened by
18858
11:50:32,240 --> 11:50:33,240
programs and they contain several things
18859
11:50:34,960 --> 11:50:35,960
the first is they have a title bar right
18860
11:50:37,040 --> 11:50:38,040
here
18861
11:50:39,436 --> 11:50:40,436
they also have a menu bar below the
18862
11:50:42,000 --> 11:50:43,000
title bar
18863
11:50:49,360 --> 11:50:50,360
there's generally speaking also the
18864
11:50:50,800 --> 11:50:51,800
toolbar to the right which lets you
18865
11:50:52,560 --> 11:50:53,560
minimize maximize or close the program
18866
11:50:57,436 --> 11:50:58,436
finally there's the work area
18867
11:51:01,680 --> 11:51:02,680
should be this now obviously this is the
18868
11:51:03,756 --> 11:51:04,756
calculator
18869
11:51:05,360 --> 11:51:06,360
it's a fairly simple app but if we had a
18870
11:51:08,800 --> 11:51:09,800
larger application such as word you can
18871
11:51:10,960 --> 11:51:11,960
see that this would actually be a lot
18872
11:51:12,320 --> 11:51:13,320
more intense
18873
11:51:15,756 --> 11:51:16,756
finally let's discuss windows arrow
18874
11:51:19,436 --> 11:51:20,436
pay attention to this area right here
18875
11:51:24,080 --> 11:51:25,080
windows arrow features translucent
18876
11:51:27,200 --> 11:51:28,200
windows
18877
11:51:29,360 --> 11:51:30,360
it also has window animations for
18878
11:51:31,276 --> 11:51:32,276
instance when you open or close an
18879
11:51:33,360 --> 11:51:34,360
application the window will sort of uh
18880
11:51:37,040 --> 11:51:38,040
genie effect so it'll sort of grow as
18881
11:51:39,680 --> 11:51:40,680
opposed to just opening just makes it
18882
11:51:41,680 --> 11:51:42,680
look cooler it was trying to mimic
18883
11:51:43,840 --> 11:51:44,840
really what mac os x was in introducing
18884
11:51:47,436 --> 11:51:48,436
it also gives you a three dimensional
18885
11:51:49,040 --> 11:51:50,040
viewing of windows as you can see you
18886
11:51:50,880 --> 11:51:51,880
know the start menu is on top of
18887
11:51:53,520 --> 11:51:54,520
internet explorer which is on top of the
18888
11:51:55,840 --> 11:51:56,840
calculator let me clear it so you can
18889
11:51:57,756 --> 11:51:58,756
see that but you can see obviously the
18890
11:51:59,916 --> 11:52:00,916
three dimensionality
18891
11:52:01,916 --> 11:52:02,916
the implied i should say three
18892
11:52:03,360 --> 11:52:04,360
dimensionality that windows arrow is
18893
11:52:05,276 --> 11:52:06,276
trying to give you
18894
11:52:08,560 --> 11:52:09,560
there is also a modified taskbar in
18895
11:52:12,160 --> 11:52:13,160
windows arrow which is what we've been
18896
11:52:14,160 --> 11:52:15,160
looking at
18897
11:52:15,436 --> 11:52:16,436
um
18898
11:52:16,800 --> 11:52:17,800
if you look at windows vista and windows
18899
11:52:19,596 --> 11:52:20,596
xp without windows arrow the task bar is
18900
11:52:22,960 --> 11:52:23,960
a lot larger doesn't use icons but
18901
11:52:25,596 --> 11:52:26,596
actually has wider names etc
18902
11:52:31,200 --> 11:52:32,200
it's uh you
18903
11:52:33,680 --> 11:52:34,680
you don't want to run arrow or you
18904
11:52:36,800 --> 11:52:37,800
cannot run arrow on windows xp you can't
18905
11:52:39,756 --> 11:52:40,756
run error on windows xp
18906
11:52:42,240 --> 11:52:43,240
and in windows 7 in vista starter
18907
11:52:44,400 --> 11:52:45,400
edition you can't run arrow either we
18908
11:52:47,276 --> 11:52:48,276
talked about
18909
11:52:48,880 --> 11:52:49,880
or we will talk about how to
18910
11:52:52,160 --> 11:52:53,160
we did talk about
18911
11:52:53,680 --> 11:52:54,680
removing aero and getting rid of some of
18912
11:52:56,400 --> 11:52:57,400
those visual resources in order to make
18913
11:52:58,240 --> 11:52:59,240
room for other uh cpu and ram heavy
18914
11:53:01,116 --> 11:53:02,116
applications so it's not something
18915
11:53:02,560 --> 11:53:03,560
that's necessary it's just something
18916
11:53:04,400 --> 11:53:05,400
that you might like and that they
18917
11:53:07,360 --> 11:53:08,360
that makes the graphical user interface
18918
11:53:09,436 --> 11:53:10,436
and the experience more fluid
18919
11:53:12,960 --> 11:53:13,960
all right
18920
11:53:13,840 --> 11:53:14,840
so we talked about the windows graphical
18921
11:53:15,596 --> 11:53:16,596
user interface including the desktop
18922
11:53:18,840 --> 11:53:19,840
icons and the taskbar which was
18923
11:53:21,360 --> 11:53:22,360
comprised of three main areas the start
18924
11:53:24,160 --> 11:53:25,160
menu
18925
11:53:25,116 --> 11:53:26,116
the quick launch area
18926
11:53:26,800 --> 11:53:27,800
and the notification area
18927
11:53:28,640 --> 11:53:29,640
we then looked at the sidebar and
18928
11:53:30,400 --> 11:53:31,400
gadgets this is the thing probably the
18929
11:53:32,400 --> 11:53:33,400
most important thing to remember here
18930
11:53:34,480 --> 11:53:35,480
are the gadgets okay
18931
11:53:36,240 --> 11:53:37,240
not widgets
18932
11:53:40,800 --> 11:53:41,800
which is what they're called
18933
11:53:42,480 --> 11:53:43,480
on the macintosh system
18934
11:53:45,200 --> 11:53:46,200
we looked at application windows and
18935
11:53:46,720 --> 11:53:47,720
dialog boxes and finally we closed up by
18936
11:53:49,596 --> 11:53:50,596
talking about windows arrow which by the
18937
11:53:51,840 --> 11:53:52,840
way is fairly resource heavy and so if
18938
11:53:54,800 --> 11:53:55,800
you do not have a very fast computer you
18939
11:53:57,680 --> 11:53:58,680
probably don't want to be running arrow
18940
11:54:01,040 --> 11:54:02,040
all right so let's continue talking
18941
11:54:03,040 --> 11:54:04,040
about windows and how to configure it
18942
11:54:10,220 --> 11:54:11,220
[Music]
18943
11:54:30,560 --> 11:54:31,560
windows configuration
18944
11:54:32,480 --> 11:54:33,480
applications
18945
11:54:34,720 --> 11:54:35,720
so we've looked at some of the
18946
11:54:36,040 --> 11:54:37,040
configurations uh within the gui desktop
18947
11:54:40,000 --> 11:54:41,000
right your first interaction with
18948
11:54:41,596 --> 11:54:42,596
windows now let's look at some
18949
11:54:44,400 --> 11:54:45,400
configuration areas that give you a
18950
11:54:46,800 --> 11:54:47,800
little more access to what's going on
18951
11:54:48,560 --> 11:54:49,560
within the operating system
18952
11:54:50,960 --> 11:54:51,960
so we're going to look at some of the
18953
11:54:52,480 --> 11:54:53,480
windows applications the microsoft
18954
11:54:55,756 --> 11:54:56,756
built-in applications in windows and
18955
11:54:58,000 --> 11:54:59,000
these are very important for you to know
18956
11:55:00,240 --> 11:55:01,240
both for the a plus exam and as a
18957
11:55:02,560 --> 11:55:03,560
technician
18958
11:55:04,320 --> 11:55:05,320
so windows explorer is the first one the
18959
11:55:06,480 --> 11:55:07,480
way that we walk through the system per
18960
11:55:09,596 --> 11:55:10,596
se and look at all the files we did this
18961
11:55:12,160 --> 11:55:13,160
a little bit
18962
11:55:13,116 --> 11:55:14,116
in the command line using the command
18963
11:55:15,436 --> 11:55:16,436
prompt something else we're going to
18964
11:55:16,560 --> 11:55:17,560
talk about
18965
11:55:17,756 --> 11:55:18,756
and using different commands but windows
18966
11:55:20,000 --> 11:55:21,000
explorer gives you a graphical
18967
11:55:21,276 --> 11:55:22,276
representation of all your files and
18968
11:55:23,520 --> 11:55:24,520
allows you to move through them
18969
11:55:25,360 --> 11:55:26,360
we'll look at computer which is used to
18970
11:55:27,840 --> 11:55:28,840
be called my computer a sort of
18971
11:55:31,116 --> 11:55:32,116
extension of windows explorer
18972
11:55:35,040 --> 11:55:36,040
libraries which are within computer
18973
11:55:37,756 --> 11:55:38,756
these organize your files especially in
18974
11:55:39,916 --> 11:55:40,916
windows vista and windows 7 into
18975
11:55:43,756 --> 11:55:44,756
sort of predetermined
18976
11:55:45,460 --> 11:55:46,460
[Music]
18977
11:55:47,360 --> 11:55:48,360
categories
18978
11:55:49,680 --> 11:55:50,680
the control panel which gives you a lot
18979
11:55:52,400 --> 11:55:53,400
and a lot of configuration ability
18980
11:55:55,840 --> 11:55:56,840
within windows not to mention a lot of
18981
11:55:58,160 --> 11:55:59,160
troubleshooting ability and something
18982
11:55:59,596 --> 11:56:00,596
we'll be talking about throughout the
18983
11:56:01,116 --> 11:56:02,116
course and keep coming back to almost
18984
11:56:03,040 --> 11:56:04,040
everything is located through the
18985
11:56:04,640 --> 11:56:05,640
control panel in some way shape or form
18986
11:56:08,160 --> 11:56:09,160
network which gives you a quick view of
18987
11:56:10,320 --> 11:56:11,320
all the computers devices etc that are
18988
11:56:13,200 --> 11:56:14,200
on your network
18989
11:56:15,436 --> 11:56:16,436
the command prompt which we've seen
18990
11:56:16,960 --> 11:56:17,960
before giving you a command line
18991
11:56:19,276 --> 11:56:20,276
interface to access your net your
18992
11:56:21,360 --> 11:56:22,360
computer and windows
18993
11:56:23,756 --> 11:56:24,756
the powershell a more administrative
18994
11:56:26,320 --> 11:56:27,320
function that you probably won't use
18995
11:56:28,320 --> 11:56:29,320
unless you're doing some really in-depth
18996
11:56:30,640 --> 11:56:31,640
technical support issues
18997
11:56:33,680 --> 11:56:34,680
and the computer management tool which
18998
11:56:35,680 --> 11:56:36,680
gives you the ability to manage certain
18999
11:56:38,080 --> 11:56:39,080
aspects of the computer and is probably
19000
11:56:39,916 --> 11:56:40,916
one of your best troubleshooting tools
19001
11:56:42,400 --> 11:56:43,400
as we will see especially in the next
19002
11:56:44,720 --> 11:56:45,720
part of this course
19003
11:56:47,520 --> 11:56:48,520
within that is the microsoft management
19004
11:56:49,756 --> 11:56:50,756
console which allows you to plug in
19005
11:56:52,640 --> 11:56:53,640
different
19006
11:56:53,916 --> 11:56:54,916
management
19007
11:56:55,360 --> 11:56:56,360
tools and customize it to your liking
19008
11:56:59,200 --> 11:57:00,200
so first let's talk about windows
19009
11:57:00,320 --> 11:57:01,320
explorer
19010
11:57:01,680 --> 11:57:02,680
this
19011
11:57:02,960 --> 11:57:03,960
window over here
19012
11:57:05,276 --> 11:57:06,276
is a window in the windows explorer
19013
11:57:08,320 --> 11:57:09,320
you can get to it by either going to
19014
11:57:10,560 --> 11:57:11,560
start all programs accessories windows
19015
11:57:13,200 --> 11:57:14,200
explorer or opening any folder
19016
11:57:16,480 --> 11:57:17,480
or even your computer icon which can be
19017
11:57:20,240 --> 11:57:21,240
either on the desktop or in your start
19018
11:57:22,160 --> 11:57:23,160
menu and it gives you a graphical
19019
11:57:24,080 --> 11:57:25,080
representation of all of the contents of
19020
11:57:26,960 --> 11:57:27,960
your computer as we can see
19021
11:57:29,520 --> 11:57:30,520
you can even change the way that you
19022
11:57:31,040 --> 11:57:32,040
view files in the windows explorer
19023
11:57:32,560 --> 11:57:33,560
window
19024
11:57:33,520 --> 11:57:34,520
all the way to the right there is a view
19025
11:57:35,040 --> 11:57:36,040
button and you can choose how you want
19026
11:57:37,436 --> 11:57:38,436
the information to view
19027
11:57:40,480 --> 11:57:41,480
at the top there's a navigation bar that
19028
11:57:43,276 --> 11:57:44,276
shows you where you
19029
11:57:44,840 --> 11:57:45,840
are to the right of that
19030
11:57:47,276 --> 11:57:48,276
a search bar so you can search through
19031
11:57:49,756 --> 11:57:50,756
everything
19032
11:57:51,116 --> 11:57:52,116
we're currently in the library section
19033
11:57:53,200 --> 11:57:54,200
now
19034
11:57:56,080 --> 11:57:57,080
on the left is a navigation pane
19035
11:57:59,276 --> 11:58:00,276
as you can see here's the c drive and
19036
11:58:01,916 --> 11:58:02,916
some folders within it
19037
11:58:05,040 --> 11:58:06,040
even quick access to certain favorites
19038
11:58:07,116 --> 11:58:08,116
such as the desktop downloads and etc
19039
11:58:10,320 --> 11:58:11,320
so this is how you can graphically
19040
11:58:12,480 --> 11:58:13,480
represent everything on your computer
19041
11:58:14,160 --> 11:58:15,160
and access all the files that are hidden
19042
11:58:16,880 --> 11:58:17,880
deep inside of your computer or on the
19043
11:58:19,200 --> 11:58:20,200
desktop even
19044
11:58:22,720 --> 11:58:23,720
computer or what used to be called my
19045
11:58:24,880 --> 11:58:25,880
computer gives you quick access to the
19046
11:58:27,360 --> 11:58:28,360
windows explorer but specifically
19047
11:58:30,080 --> 11:58:31,080
goes to the most sort of
19048
11:58:32,480 --> 11:58:33,480
route area meaning to the hard drive
19049
11:58:35,200 --> 11:58:36,200
itself to the removable disks themselves
19050
11:58:37,840 --> 11:58:38,840
etc
19051
11:58:39,040 --> 11:58:40,040
you can get there by clicking start and
19052
11:58:40,720 --> 11:58:41,720
selecting computer or
19053
11:58:42,720 --> 11:58:43,720
sometimes you'll have the computer icon
19054
11:58:44,320 --> 11:58:45,320
on your desktop something you can set in
19055
11:58:46,000 --> 11:58:47,000
your desktop settings
19056
11:58:48,080 --> 11:58:49,080
it is tightly integrated with windows
19057
11:58:49,756 --> 11:58:50,756
explorer as i've mentioned in fact if i
19058
11:58:51,756 --> 11:58:52,756
erase all this you'll notice it looks
19059
11:58:53,200 --> 11:58:54,200
exactly the same the only difference
19060
11:58:58,480 --> 11:58:59,480
is this right here
19061
11:59:01,680 --> 11:59:02,680
this bar right here that gives you
19062
11:59:04,320 --> 11:59:05,320
certain extra features such as system
19063
11:59:06,480 --> 11:59:07,480
properties
19064
11:59:07,520 --> 11:59:08,520
uninstalling or changing a program or
19065
11:59:09,680 --> 11:59:10,680
mapping a network drive by the way right
19066
11:59:12,720 --> 11:59:13,720
here is the
19067
11:59:14,160 --> 11:59:15,160
icon that we pressed earlier to get that
19068
11:59:16,000 --> 11:59:17,000
list of big icons small icons etc
19069
11:59:19,756 --> 11:59:20,756
as i mentioned the only difference
19070
11:59:21,840 --> 11:59:22,840
is this toolbar
19071
11:59:24,560 --> 11:59:25,560
you can easily access data
19072
11:59:26,880 --> 11:59:27,880
going into computer from your hard disks
19073
11:59:30,320 --> 11:59:31,320
dvds cd optical disks
19074
11:59:33,116 --> 11:59:34,116
your usb flash drives or removable
19075
11:59:35,436 --> 11:59:36,436
drives
19076
11:59:36,720 --> 11:59:37,720
etc
19077
11:59:39,200 --> 11:59:40,200
also
19078
11:59:40,800 --> 11:59:41,800
another main reason to know computer is
19079
11:59:42,560 --> 11:59:43,560
it gives you quick access to certain
19080
11:59:44,080 --> 11:59:45,080
tools by right clicking it as you can
19081
11:59:46,480 --> 11:59:47,480
see here
19082
11:59:48,400 --> 11:59:49,400
if you right click and go to manage
19083
11:59:50,160 --> 11:59:51,160
that'll take you into the management
19084
11:59:51,360 --> 11:59:52,360
console which we'll see in a bit
19085
11:59:53,360 --> 11:59:54,360
and if you right-click and go to
19086
11:59:54,400 --> 11:59:55,400
properties that'll take you to system
19087
11:59:55,916 --> 11:59:56,916
properties
19088
11:59:57,520 --> 11:59:58,520
so that's from right-clicking properties
19089
12:00:03,840 --> 12:00:04,840
and computer management
19090
12:00:06,560 --> 12:00:07,560
is for my clicking manage
19091
12:00:11,840 --> 12:00:12,840
libraries are user-defined collections
19092
12:00:15,040 --> 12:00:16,040
of folders
19093
12:00:16,400 --> 12:00:17,400
as you can see here we have a library
19094
12:00:18,240 --> 12:00:19,240
for documents
19095
12:00:19,680 --> 12:00:20,680
music
19096
12:00:20,880 --> 12:00:21,880
pictures
19097
12:00:22,160 --> 12:00:23,160
and videos by the way these are specific
19098
12:00:24,240 --> 12:00:25,240
to xp uh to vista and seven
19099
12:00:27,596 --> 12:00:28,596
most importantly allows faster indexing
19100
12:00:30,000 --> 12:00:31,000
and searching of your important or
19101
12:00:31,436 --> 12:00:32,436
common documents i'm guessing that
19102
12:00:33,596 --> 12:00:34,596
you're probably working on a lot of
19103
12:00:35,200 --> 12:00:36,200
documents uh you want to have access to
19104
12:00:37,840 --> 12:00:38,840
your music to listen to it and you want
19105
12:00:39,436 --> 12:00:40,436
to view your pictures those are probably
19106
12:00:40,880 --> 12:00:41,880
three categories of files that you're
19107
12:00:42,800 --> 12:00:43,800
going to want to get access to a lot and
19108
12:00:45,200 --> 12:00:46,200
so what it does is it uses something
19109
12:00:48,000 --> 12:00:49,000
called metadata which is data on top of
19110
12:00:51,276 --> 12:00:52,276
the file in the properties of the file
19111
12:00:54,400 --> 12:00:55,400
that give more information about what
19112
12:00:56,400 --> 12:00:57,400
the file is this stuff exists in
19113
12:01:00,480 --> 12:01:01,480
internet files as well
19114
12:01:03,040 --> 12:01:04,040
so it describes the file's definition
19115
12:01:05,200 --> 12:01:06,200
and structure but it is not in inside of
19116
12:01:08,000 --> 12:01:09,000
the file data itself if you have a word
19117
12:01:09,840 --> 12:01:10,840
document for instance the metadata will
19118
12:01:12,160 --> 12:01:13,160
say
19119
12:01:13,116 --> 12:01:14,116
who made the document when it was made
19120
12:01:15,520 --> 12:01:16,520
when it was modified
19121
12:01:17,756 --> 12:01:18,756
what kind of file type it is
19122
12:01:20,000 --> 12:01:21,000
if there's any way it should be searched
19123
12:01:21,916 --> 12:01:22,916
or any way it should be categorized what
19124
12:01:24,080 --> 12:01:25,080
the metadata doesn't hold is the actual
19125
12:01:26,080 --> 12:01:27,080
document itself
19126
12:01:29,276 --> 12:01:30,276
now there are also meta folders in
19127
12:01:31,200 --> 12:01:32,200
windows 7 and that's what these are
19128
12:01:33,680 --> 12:01:34,680
these are meta folders meaning that they
19129
12:01:35,520 --> 12:01:36,520
capture the information not only of the
19130
12:01:37,200 --> 12:01:38,200
files but of the folders and those exist
19131
12:01:39,520 --> 12:01:40,520
only in windows 7.
19132
12:01:42,720 --> 12:01:43,720
so it describes the definition and
19133
12:01:44,640 --> 12:01:45,640
structure of the contents meaning
19134
12:01:46,400 --> 12:01:47,400
everything within this meta folder is a
19135
12:01:49,360 --> 12:01:50,360
document everything within this one is
19136
12:01:51,520 --> 12:01:52,520
music etc that's what libraries are
19137
12:01:54,960 --> 12:01:55,960
there's another term for these meta
19138
12:01:56,800 --> 12:01:57,800
folders
19139
12:02:00,000 --> 12:02:01,000
now here's the control panel uh probably
19140
12:02:02,480 --> 12:02:03,480
one of your most necessary tools in
19141
12:02:05,040 --> 12:02:06,040
windows it has access to all of the
19142
12:02:07,276 --> 12:02:08,276
computers settings and configurations
19143
12:02:11,116 --> 12:02:12,116
the color scheme for instance
19144
12:02:14,240 --> 12:02:15,240
making connections to networks
19145
12:02:16,640 --> 12:02:17,640
installing or modifying new hardware
19146
12:02:19,840 --> 12:02:20,840
uninstalling programs all of these are
19147
12:02:22,560 --> 12:02:23,560
things as you can see here's uninstall
19148
12:02:24,640 --> 12:02:25,640
programs here's the network uh here's
19149
12:02:27,840 --> 12:02:28,840
where you would get your color scheme
19150
12:02:31,200 --> 12:02:32,200
all of these are accessible through the
19151
12:02:33,360 --> 12:02:34,360
control panel
19152
12:02:34,960 --> 12:02:35,960
and the way you get to it is by going to
19153
12:02:36,560 --> 12:02:37,560
start control panel it's really simple
19154
12:02:40,480 --> 12:02:41,480
you can view it in categories
19155
12:02:43,756 --> 12:02:44,756
in windows vista or seven as it is here
19156
12:02:46,880 --> 12:02:47,880
these are categories right or you can
19157
12:02:49,360 --> 12:02:50,360
select this and go to what's called
19158
12:02:50,640 --> 12:02:51,640
classic view and that'll give you a view
19159
12:02:52,720 --> 12:02:53,720
of everything within the control panel
19160
12:02:55,360 --> 12:02:56,360
that's a view i prefer in fact let me
19161
12:02:57,116 --> 12:02:58,116
show you that
19162
12:02:59,436 --> 12:03:00,436
if we're here in windows i'm going to
19163
12:03:02,080 --> 12:03:03,080
go to start
19164
12:03:03,520 --> 12:03:04,520
and control panel
19165
12:03:05,116 --> 12:03:06,116
and you'll notice here i'm in classic
19166
12:03:07,840 --> 12:03:08,840
view okay which in windows 7 is just
19167
12:03:11,680 --> 12:03:12,680
going to large or small icons here's it
19168
12:03:14,080 --> 12:03:15,080
with large icons
19169
12:03:17,276 --> 12:03:18,276
and small icons
19170
12:03:19,040 --> 12:03:20,040
notice if i go into category view it
19171
12:03:21,436 --> 12:03:22,436
sort of
19172
12:03:22,560 --> 12:03:23,560
collapses all of those individual
19173
12:03:24,720 --> 12:03:25,720
settings into smaller categories to make
19174
12:03:27,756 --> 12:03:28,756
it quote unquote easier for the common
19175
12:03:30,080 --> 12:03:31,080
user however for us technicians we know
19176
12:03:32,320 --> 12:03:33,320
exactly what we're looking for and
19177
12:03:33,916 --> 12:03:34,916
sometimes doing it by the classic view
19178
12:03:36,800 --> 12:03:37,800
which is larger small icons can be a lot
19179
12:03:39,276 --> 12:03:40,276
easier
19180
12:03:44,640 --> 12:03:45,640
so as i mentioned you can switch to this
19181
12:03:46,880 --> 12:03:47,880
classic view which is how they are
19182
12:03:49,276 --> 12:03:50,276
listed in xp
19183
12:03:54,000 --> 12:03:55,000
network is another application this
19184
12:03:56,560 --> 12:03:57,560
shows all the computers and other
19185
12:03:58,640 --> 12:03:59,640
devices that are on your home network or
19186
12:04:00,640 --> 12:04:01,640
your local network
19187
12:04:02,240 --> 12:04:03,240
it looks similar to windows explorer
19188
12:04:04,080 --> 12:04:05,080
because in fact nowadays we explore our
19189
12:04:07,040 --> 12:04:08,040
hard drives the same way we explore our
19190
12:04:08,880 --> 12:04:09,880
network devices you can notice here the
19191
12:04:10,880 --> 12:04:11,880
toolbar is different from computer i can
19192
12:04:13,200 --> 12:04:14,200
add a wireless device add a printer or a
19193
12:04:16,000 --> 12:04:17,000
wireless printer and then look at
19194
12:04:17,916 --> 12:04:18,916
networker sharing services if i want to
19195
12:04:19,756 --> 12:04:20,756
share out a folder with other users on
19196
12:04:21,520 --> 12:04:22,520
my network
19197
12:04:23,756 --> 12:04:24,756
you access by going to start network or
19198
12:04:26,320 --> 12:04:27,320
if you're in a windows explorer
19199
12:04:27,520 --> 12:04:28,520
generally you can go to the left and
19200
12:04:29,520 --> 12:04:30,520
select network notice here libraries
19201
12:04:32,640 --> 12:04:33,640
computer network
19202
12:04:36,240 --> 12:04:37,240
the address bar at the top
19203
12:04:39,756 --> 12:04:40,756
shows the status of devices as a bar
19204
12:04:42,080 --> 12:04:43,080
from left to right so what you'll see is
19205
12:04:44,240 --> 12:04:45,240
as it's working
19206
12:04:46,400 --> 12:04:47,400
this green bar is moving to the right
19207
12:04:50,320 --> 12:04:51,320
and that's showing how it's uh how it's
19208
12:04:52,800 --> 12:04:53,800
doing in searching the network for all
19209
12:04:54,480 --> 12:04:55,480
these devices
19210
12:04:58,720 --> 12:04:59,720
if it's configured as a member of the
19211
12:05:00,240 --> 12:05:01,240
network you should automatically find
19212
12:05:02,880 --> 12:05:03,880
and be able to add the following in this
19213
12:05:05,756 --> 12:05:06,756
box including other computers
19214
12:05:09,520 --> 12:05:10,520
would be listed here
19215
12:05:11,680 --> 12:05:12,680
routers
19216
12:05:19,200 --> 12:05:20,200
wireless access points
19217
12:05:22,800 --> 12:05:23,800
and other network attached devices
19218
12:05:26,160 --> 12:05:27,160
such as say um storage devices
19219
12:05:30,640 --> 12:05:31,640
and printers okay and all of those would
19220
12:05:33,040 --> 12:05:34,040
appear in this box in the network area
19221
12:05:37,116 --> 12:05:38,116
if and only if you were configured and
19222
12:05:38,880 --> 12:05:39,880
they were too
19223
12:05:42,080 --> 12:05:43,080
the command prompt we've seen this
19224
12:05:43,436 --> 12:05:44,436
before this is what's called a command
19225
12:05:45,596 --> 12:05:46,596
line interface remember we talked about
19226
12:05:47,596 --> 12:05:48,596
gui graphical user interface well this
19227
12:05:50,160 --> 12:05:51,160
is a command line interface instead of
19228
12:05:52,560 --> 12:05:53,560
using a mouse everything is issued by
19229
12:05:54,240 --> 12:05:55,240
commands and text so it is a text-based
19230
12:05:57,436 --> 12:05:58,436
interface to issue commands concerning
19231
12:05:59,596 --> 12:06:00,596
all sorts of stuff including files and
19232
12:06:01,360 --> 12:06:02,360
folders which we've already looked at
19233
12:06:03,436 --> 12:06:04,436
networking which will we will look at
19234
12:06:07,276 --> 12:06:08,276
services to start and stop services etc
19235
12:06:10,960 --> 12:06:11,960
to access this you go to start all
19236
12:06:13,840 --> 12:06:14,840
programs accessories command prompt i
19237
12:06:15,840 --> 12:06:16,840
think i've even shown you that a quicker
19238
12:06:17,596 --> 12:06:18,596
way if you see this right here cmd
19239
12:06:20,240 --> 12:06:21,240
is to press windows r
19240
12:06:22,800 --> 12:06:23,800
or just go to start and go to the search
19241
12:06:24,960 --> 12:06:25,960
menu and type in cmd
19242
12:06:26,960 --> 12:06:27,960
let me show you what that looks like
19243
12:06:29,436 --> 12:06:30,436
so i'm back here in windows i'm going to
19244
12:06:31,040 --> 12:06:32,040
close the control panel
19245
12:06:32,800 --> 12:06:33,800
i'm going to go here i'm going to type
19246
12:06:34,320 --> 12:06:35,320
in cmd press enter and there i have it
19247
12:06:40,400 --> 12:06:41,400
now you might need to
19248
12:06:42,640 --> 12:06:43,640
open uh the command line if you're in it
19249
12:06:45,200 --> 12:06:46,200
you probably need to do some high-end
19250
12:06:47,436 --> 12:06:48,436
stuff and if so you might need to do
19251
12:06:49,596 --> 12:06:50,596
open it as what's called an
19252
12:06:50,640 --> 12:06:51,640
administrator this is called elevated
19253
12:06:52,880 --> 12:06:53,880
mode
19254
12:06:54,000 --> 12:06:55,000
so what you do is you right click on the
19255
12:06:56,000 --> 12:06:57,000
command prompt and choose run as
19256
12:06:57,520 --> 12:06:58,520
administrator you can actually do this
19257
12:06:59,520 --> 12:07:00,520
for any program if you're ever having a
19258
12:07:01,040 --> 12:07:02,040
problem doing something on a program
19259
12:07:02,720 --> 12:07:03,720
like update it or opening it as an issue
19260
12:07:05,200 --> 12:07:06,200
maybe you need to run it as an
19261
12:07:06,560 --> 12:07:07,560
administrator
19262
12:07:07,916 --> 12:07:08,916
to do this once you right click on it
19263
12:07:09,756 --> 12:07:10,756
and click run as administrator
19264
12:07:13,680 --> 12:07:14,680
this is the powershell
19265
12:07:15,596 --> 12:07:16,596
another
19266
12:07:17,436 --> 12:07:18,436
command line looking sort of thing but
19267
12:07:19,520 --> 12:07:20,520
it's slightly different it's a
19268
12:07:21,200 --> 12:07:22,200
combination of command prompt and a
19269
12:07:23,756 --> 12:07:24,756
scripting language so whereas the
19270
12:07:25,756 --> 12:07:26,756
command line uses what's called the dos
19271
12:07:28,080 --> 12:07:29,080
commands which was
19272
12:07:29,680 --> 12:07:30,680
uh
19273
12:07:30,480 --> 12:07:31,480
the older form of the one of the first
19274
12:07:32,880 --> 12:07:33,880
microsoft operating systems
19275
12:07:35,200 --> 12:07:36,200
um the powershell is a mixture of more
19276
12:07:38,400 --> 12:07:39,400
scripting language stuff so you're
19277
12:07:40,320 --> 12:07:41,320
getting really into the nitty gritty
19278
12:07:42,080 --> 12:07:43,080
here it allows you to perform
19279
12:07:43,680 --> 12:07:44,680
administrative tasks integrating scripts
19280
12:07:46,720 --> 12:07:47,720
and executables etc i don't see it pop
19281
12:07:49,360 --> 12:07:50,360
up on the exam very much but i want to
19282
12:07:51,276 --> 12:07:52,276
bring it to your attention just in case
19283
12:07:52,800 --> 12:07:53,800
you ever see it
19284
12:07:54,240 --> 12:07:55,240
to open it you go to start all programs
19285
12:07:57,040 --> 12:07:58,040
accessories windows powershell again
19286
12:07:59,756 --> 12:08:00,756
this might be the sort of thing you want
19287
12:08:01,360 --> 12:08:02,360
to run as an administrator
19288
12:08:05,360 --> 12:08:06,360
and for administrators that run scripts
19289
12:08:07,680 --> 12:08:08,680
often
19290
12:08:08,960 --> 12:08:09,960
you're going to want to use something
19291
12:08:10,400 --> 12:08:11,400
called the integrated scripting
19292
12:08:12,000 --> 12:08:13,000
environment which is uh
19293
12:08:14,160 --> 12:08:15,160
embedded in this however i doubt you're
19294
12:08:16,400 --> 12:08:17,400
ever going to use that and again that's
19295
12:08:18,000 --> 12:08:19,000
not on the exam
19296
12:08:21,116 --> 12:08:22,116
this is the computer management tool we
19297
12:08:23,436 --> 12:08:24,436
get here by right clicking on computer
19298
12:08:25,520 --> 12:08:26,520
and going to manage
19299
12:08:30,160 --> 12:08:31,160
alternatively
19300
12:08:32,320 --> 12:08:33,320
you can go to the run prompt and type in
19301
12:08:35,040 --> 12:08:36,040
this okay
19302
12:08:36,800 --> 12:08:37,800
this might be important to know because
19303
12:08:38,320 --> 12:08:39,320
sometimes it does pop up on the exam so
19304
12:08:40,560 --> 12:08:41,560
you can type in and you can see comp
19305
12:08:42,400 --> 12:08:43,400
management dot msc
19306
12:08:44,400 --> 12:08:45,400
msc stands for the the management
19307
12:08:47,520 --> 12:08:48,520
uh console
19308
12:08:52,320 --> 12:08:53,320
you can access many things in the
19309
12:08:54,320 --> 12:08:55,320
computer management console and you can
19310
12:08:56,800 --> 12:08:57,800
see here on the left pane
19311
12:08:58,400 --> 12:08:59,400
we have all the things we can access
19312
12:09:00,480 --> 12:09:01,480
such as the event viewer
19313
12:09:03,360 --> 12:09:04,360
any shared folders
19314
12:09:05,436 --> 12:09:06,436
local users that are on the computer
19315
12:09:08,240 --> 12:09:09,240
at the task scheduler device manager
19316
12:09:11,680 --> 12:09:12,680
disk management services you can see
19317
12:09:14,320 --> 12:09:15,320
this really gets us into the nitty
19318
12:09:15,840 --> 12:09:16,840
gritty of the computer and managing it
19319
12:09:19,360 --> 12:09:20,360
in the middle it shows you whatever
19320
12:09:21,436 --> 12:09:22,436
you've selected here
19321
12:09:23,276 --> 12:09:24,276
okay so it shows you the details of the
19322
12:09:25,360 --> 12:09:26,360
left pane
19323
12:09:27,116 --> 12:09:28,116
and over here to the right
19324
12:09:30,560 --> 12:09:31,560
it shows you additional actions that you
19325
12:09:32,560 --> 12:09:33,560
can run okay so for instance if i'm in
19326
12:09:35,360 --> 12:09:36,360
storage this will give me actions to say
19327
12:09:37,116 --> 12:09:38,116
format and partition the drive
19328
12:09:41,680 --> 12:09:42,680
now this is slightly different from the
19329
12:09:43,276 --> 12:09:44,276
microsoft management console
19330
12:09:46,800 --> 12:09:47,800
the
19331
12:09:47,916 --> 12:09:48,916
this is the shell
19332
12:09:49,436 --> 12:09:50,436
for other console windows so if we if
19333
12:09:52,080 --> 12:09:53,080
you look back at the computer management
19334
12:09:54,000 --> 12:09:55,000
there
19335
12:09:54,880 --> 12:09:55,880
you can see this is exactly the same we
19336
12:09:56,720 --> 12:09:57,720
have a left pane we have a center pane
19337
12:09:58,080 --> 12:09:59,080
we have a right pane the microsoft
19338
12:09:59,916 --> 12:10:00,916
management cost
19339
12:10:01,276 --> 12:10:02,276
console rather however allows you to add
19340
12:10:04,400 --> 12:10:05,400
and remove your own snap-ins your own
19341
12:10:06,720 --> 12:10:07,720
management things over here to the left
19342
12:10:10,000 --> 12:10:11,000
so
19343
12:10:10,800 --> 12:10:11,800
the other benefit you can control remote
19344
12:10:12,800 --> 12:10:13,800
computers not just your own this becomes
19345
12:10:14,480 --> 12:10:15,480
very helpful in networks server settings
19346
12:10:16,560 --> 12:10:17,560
etc
19347
12:10:17,840 --> 12:10:18,840
and you can control what particular
19348
12:10:19,596 --> 12:10:20,596
users see by changing the different
19349
12:10:21,840 --> 12:10:22,840
console mode
19350
12:10:26,080 --> 12:10:27,080
it also saves everything you've added so
19351
12:10:28,560 --> 12:10:29,560
that you don't need to
19352
12:10:30,560 --> 12:10:31,560
um
19353
12:10:33,200 --> 12:10:34,200
you don't need to redo it every single
19354
12:10:35,116 --> 12:10:36,116
time
19355
12:10:38,240 --> 12:10:39,240
and it'll also remember the last place
19356
12:10:39,840 --> 12:10:40,840
you worked so if you are someplace you
19357
12:10:41,916 --> 12:10:42,916
reboot the computer it'll pop right back
19358
12:10:43,520 --> 12:10:44,520
to where you were
19359
12:10:46,160 --> 12:10:47,160
okay
19360
12:10:47,040 --> 12:10:48,040
so we just talked about the windows
19361
12:10:48,400 --> 12:10:49,400
applications including the windows
19362
12:10:49,756 --> 12:10:50,756
explorer which gives us a graphical
19363
12:10:54,560 --> 12:10:55,560
view
19364
12:10:56,960 --> 12:10:57,960
of the files in our computer
19365
12:10:59,916 --> 12:11:00,916
computer
19366
12:11:01,116 --> 12:11:02,116
which is very tightly linked to windows
19367
12:11:03,116 --> 12:11:04,116
explorer and shows us
19368
12:11:05,200 --> 12:11:06,200
dvds hard disks
19369
12:11:08,880 --> 12:11:09,880
etc
19370
12:11:11,116 --> 12:11:12,116
libraries which use the metadata
19371
12:11:14,320 --> 12:11:15,320
in order to
19372
12:11:15,520 --> 12:11:16,520
group
19373
12:11:17,200 --> 12:11:18,200
our files
19374
12:11:20,800 --> 12:11:21,800
the control panel which is sort of where
19375
12:11:22,720 --> 12:11:23,720
we access all of our settings
19376
12:11:26,000 --> 12:11:27,000
network where we can see all our network
19377
12:11:27,520 --> 12:11:28,520
devices that one i think is fairly
19378
12:11:29,200 --> 12:11:30,200
self-explanatory
19379
12:11:30,960 --> 12:11:31,960
the command prompt which is our command
19380
12:11:36,000 --> 12:11:37,000
line interface
19381
12:11:38,240 --> 12:11:39,240
to our system
19382
12:11:40,640 --> 12:11:41,640
the powershell which mixes the command
19383
12:11:42,800 --> 12:11:43,800
prompt
19384
12:11:44,160 --> 12:11:45,160
with scripting allows more sort of
19385
12:11:47,520 --> 12:11:48,520
programming language and uh
19386
12:11:50,080 --> 12:11:51,080
shells and
19387
12:11:51,520 --> 12:11:52,520
scripting stuff which is a lot more
19388
12:11:53,200 --> 12:11:54,200
complex you're probably not going to
19389
12:11:54,640 --> 12:11:55,640
deal with this
19390
12:11:56,240 --> 12:11:57,240
computer management which allows you to
19391
12:11:58,320 --> 12:11:59,320
manage
19392
12:12:02,160 --> 12:12:03,160
the computer including
19393
12:12:04,160 --> 12:12:05,160
uh storage
19394
12:12:07,116 --> 12:12:08,116
event viewer
19395
12:12:08,880 --> 12:12:09,880
etc
19396
12:12:10,240 --> 12:12:11,240
and the microsoft management console
19397
12:12:12,080 --> 12:12:13,080
which basically is computer management
19398
12:12:14,480 --> 12:12:15,480
it's just customizable
19399
12:12:21,360 --> 12:12:22,360
all right
19400
12:12:22,960 --> 12:12:23,960
so let's keep moving along keep trucking
19401
12:12:24,640 --> 12:12:25,640
along here talk about some more of the
19402
12:12:26,320 --> 12:12:27,320
configuration
19403
12:12:28,080 --> 12:12:29,080
the configurations available in windows
19404
12:12:30,080 --> 12:12:31,080
in order to
19405
12:12:31,360 --> 12:12:32,360
work on stuff
19406
12:12:36,990 --> 12:12:37,990
[Music]
19407
12:12:57,116 --> 12:12:58,116
windows configuration tools and
19408
12:12:59,916 --> 12:13:00,916
utilities
19409
12:13:01,436 --> 12:13:02,436
there are a few tools and utilities that
19410
12:13:03,916 --> 12:13:04,916
are specifically helpful in instances of
19411
12:13:07,276 --> 12:13:08,276
working with the devices that are on
19412
12:13:09,116 --> 12:13:10,116
your computer and those i want to look
19413
12:13:10,960 --> 12:13:11,960
at right now
19414
12:13:12,560 --> 12:13:13,560
so we're going to look at some system
19415
12:13:14,720 --> 12:13:15,720
tools and utilities that are built into
19416
12:13:16,400 --> 12:13:17,400
windows including managing devices using
19417
12:13:19,916 --> 12:13:20,916
the device manager
19418
12:13:22,400 --> 12:13:23,400
something called driver signing that i
19419
12:13:24,560 --> 12:13:25,560
want to talk about what that means
19420
12:13:27,840 --> 12:13:28,840
then we're going to look at the system
19421
12:13:29,200 --> 12:13:30,200
information tool which provides you more
19422
12:13:31,116 --> 12:13:32,116
information on your system and the drive
19423
12:13:32,800 --> 12:13:33,800
and the hardware in it
19424
12:13:35,040 --> 12:13:36,040
i'm going to explain what irq and i o
19425
12:13:37,436 --> 12:13:38,436
settings are
19426
12:13:39,840 --> 12:13:40,840
and finally the directx diagnostic tool
19427
12:13:42,640 --> 12:13:43,640
which i know we've already mentioned but
19428
12:13:44,000 --> 12:13:45,000
i want to mention it again because it's
19429
12:13:45,840 --> 12:13:46,840
always on the exam and i want to make
19430
12:13:47,360 --> 12:13:48,360
sure to
19431
12:13:48,480 --> 12:13:49,480
repeat it over and over to knock it into
19432
12:13:50,480 --> 12:13:51,480
your head
19433
12:13:52,880 --> 12:13:53,880
so the device manager
19434
12:13:54,960 --> 12:13:55,960
is extremely extremely useful when
19435
12:13:58,080 --> 12:13:59,080
troubleshooting hardware problems on
19436
12:13:59,756 --> 12:14:00,756
your computer
19437
12:14:01,276 --> 12:14:02,276
it allows you to view and control the
19438
12:14:03,916 --> 12:14:04,916
hardware and the drivers that are
19439
12:14:07,040 --> 12:14:08,040
that work with the operating system in
19440
12:14:10,080 --> 12:14:11,080
connecting that hardware to the computer
19441
12:14:12,880 --> 12:14:13,880
now again drivers translate between the
19442
12:14:15,520 --> 12:14:16,520
hardware in your computer and the
19443
12:14:17,436 --> 12:14:18,436
operating system so they tell windows
19444
12:14:20,400 --> 12:14:21,400
what's connected and how to use it
19445
12:14:23,436 --> 12:14:24,436
these are generally installed and
19446
12:14:25,116 --> 12:14:26,116
updated through executable files this is
19447
12:14:27,680 --> 12:14:28,680
a file extension exe which means that
19448
12:14:30,000 --> 12:14:31,000
you can double click it and it's an
19449
12:14:31,520 --> 12:14:32,520
application that will run
19450
12:14:33,276 --> 12:14:34,276
that are from the manufacturer and you
19451
12:14:35,520 --> 12:14:36,520
can also install an update from within
19452
12:14:37,276 --> 12:14:38,276
the device manager and i'll show you
19453
12:14:38,720 --> 12:14:39,720
that in a bit
19454
12:14:40,800 --> 12:14:41,800
you can access the device manager in one
19455
12:14:43,276 --> 12:14:44,276
of two ways
19456
12:14:44,960 --> 12:14:45,960
either you can right click the computer
19457
12:14:47,596 --> 12:14:48,596
or my computer go to properties and then
19458
12:14:49,756 --> 12:14:50,756
you select the device manager
19459
12:14:52,240 --> 12:14:53,240
alternatively you can open the run
19460
12:14:53,916 --> 12:14:54,916
prompt or the search prompt and type in
19461
12:14:56,720 --> 12:14:57,720
dev management dot msc
19462
12:14:59,840 --> 12:15:00,840
or dev management msc spelled just like
19463
12:15:03,116 --> 12:15:04,116
this
19464
12:15:04,080 --> 12:15:05,080
if you've been noticing a lot of these
19465
12:15:05,520 --> 12:15:06,520
that we've pointed out
19466
12:15:06,880 --> 12:15:07,880
you've probably seen a pattern again you
19467
12:15:09,360 --> 12:15:10,360
want to memorize this because i do see
19468
12:15:11,436 --> 12:15:12,436
these
19469
12:15:12,320 --> 12:15:13,320
shortcuts pop up on the test quite a bit
19470
12:15:17,360 --> 12:15:18,360
the device manager as you can see
19471
12:15:19,756 --> 12:15:20,756
can search for drivers automatically
19472
12:15:22,560 --> 12:15:23,560
so
19473
12:15:23,276 --> 12:15:24,276
let's say i've i've we were in the
19474
12:15:24,880 --> 12:15:25,880
device manager
19475
12:15:26,640 --> 12:15:27,640
and i chose the network adapter
19476
12:15:30,080 --> 12:15:31,080
and i double click this one the intel
19477
12:15:32,160 --> 12:15:33,160
pro
19478
12:15:33,200 --> 12:15:34,200
1000 network connector and i can open it
19479
12:15:36,000 --> 12:15:37,000
up and here i can see the device is
19480
12:15:37,680 --> 12:15:38,680
working properly and i have several tabs
19481
12:15:40,160 --> 12:15:41,160
here including a driver tab
19482
12:15:42,960 --> 12:15:43,960
i can manually install a driver by
19483
12:15:45,116 --> 12:15:46,116
browsing for the correct file or i can
19484
12:15:47,596 --> 12:15:48,596
have windows go on the internet and
19485
12:15:49,116 --> 12:15:50,116
search for one for me which generally
19486
12:15:50,880 --> 12:15:51,880
works in the case of most items um just
19487
12:15:54,240 --> 12:15:55,240
not
19488
12:15:55,756 --> 12:15:56,756
very specific say graphic cards
19489
12:15:58,800 --> 12:15:59,800
you can right click a specific dice
19490
12:16:00,560 --> 12:16:01,560
device to update its driver
19491
12:16:03,436 --> 12:16:04,436
enable or disable it which would mean
19492
12:16:06,160 --> 12:16:07,160
it's physically connected but you are
19493
12:16:08,000 --> 12:16:09,000
not going to use it you're not going to
19494
12:16:09,840 --> 12:16:10,840
have windows access it at all
19495
12:16:12,560 --> 12:16:13,560
or to uninstall it all together
19496
12:16:14,800 --> 12:16:15,800
this might sound weird
19497
12:16:16,560 --> 12:16:17,560
and again you're not physically
19498
12:16:17,520 --> 12:16:18,520
uninstalling it you're uninstalling it
19499
12:16:18,880 --> 12:16:19,880
through the software if you're having a
19500
12:16:20,800 --> 12:16:21,800
problem with a device perhaps it
19501
12:16:23,116 --> 12:16:24,116
accidentally didn't install correctly
19502
12:16:25,200 --> 12:16:26,200
when the device drivers were installed
19503
12:16:27,116 --> 12:16:28,116
and so by uninstalling it you can
19504
12:16:31,596 --> 12:16:32,596
then have it reinstall and perhaps fix
19505
12:16:34,720 --> 12:16:35,720
the problem you've had which is the main
19506
12:16:36,480 --> 12:16:37,480
reason that people will do that
19507
12:16:39,360 --> 12:16:40,360
you can also check for any hardware
19508
12:16:41,040 --> 12:16:42,040
changes specifically by clicking this
19509
12:16:43,436 --> 12:16:44,436
icon right up here
19510
12:16:45,116 --> 12:16:46,116
which has if you can look at that and
19511
12:16:46,960 --> 12:16:47,960
i'll i'll show it to you when we go into
19512
12:16:48,800 --> 12:16:49,800
windows has a little um magnifying glass
19513
12:16:51,756 --> 12:16:52,756
over it which is like looking through
19514
12:16:54,000 --> 12:16:55,000
scanning through
19515
12:16:56,000 --> 12:16:57,000
windows for any hardware changes so for
19516
12:16:58,320 --> 12:16:59,320
instance you've just installed a new
19517
12:16:59,756 --> 12:17:00,756
device
19518
12:17:00,720 --> 12:17:01,720
let's say a new sound card
19519
12:17:05,040 --> 12:17:06,040
you can also access additional
19520
12:17:06,840 --> 12:17:07,840
properties by right clicking on a
19521
12:17:09,116 --> 12:17:10,116
specific device
19522
12:17:12,960 --> 12:17:13,960
before we go on let me go ahead and just
19523
12:17:15,040 --> 12:17:16,040
uh move into
19524
12:17:18,400 --> 12:17:19,400
so we're here i'm going to right click
19525
12:17:21,040 --> 12:17:22,040
on computer
19526
12:17:22,640 --> 12:17:23,640
which i can also go to from the start
19527
12:17:24,640 --> 12:17:25,640
menu
19528
12:17:25,840 --> 12:17:26,840
right click on computer
19529
12:17:27,680 --> 12:17:28,680
i'm gonna go to properties
19530
12:17:30,240 --> 12:17:31,240
and then i'm gonna click device manager
19531
12:17:33,520 --> 12:17:34,520
so here i have my device manager all the
19532
12:17:35,116 --> 12:17:36,116
devices if i hover over this for a
19533
12:17:37,276 --> 12:17:38,276
second you'll see it says scan for
19534
12:17:38,720 --> 12:17:39,720
hardware changes
19535
12:17:41,200 --> 12:17:42,200
and i can let's say let's go into that
19536
12:17:44,000 --> 12:17:45,000
network device driver i was just in
19537
12:17:46,800 --> 12:17:47,800
didn't mean to click that one here we go
19538
12:17:49,436 --> 12:17:50,436
and i have several tabs at the top
19539
12:17:51,360 --> 12:17:52,360
including the advanced tab i doubt
19540
12:17:53,116 --> 12:17:54,116
you'll ever go into this tab
19541
12:17:55,840 --> 12:17:56,840
the driver tab which gives us driver
19542
12:17:58,240 --> 12:17:59,240
details i can update the driver
19543
12:18:00,480 --> 12:18:01,480
let's say i want to update it
19544
12:18:02,240 --> 12:18:03,240
i can then have windows search
19545
12:18:04,240 --> 12:18:05,240
automatically for a new driver or i can
19546
12:18:06,400 --> 12:18:07,400
browse my computer for a driver perhaps
19547
12:18:08,320 --> 12:18:09,320
one that i downloaded
19548
12:18:10,800 --> 12:18:11,800
i can also disable or uninstall the
19549
12:18:13,040 --> 12:18:14,040
device now as i mentioned you can also
19550
12:18:15,200 --> 12:18:16,200
do this by right-clicking
19551
12:18:17,596 --> 12:18:18,596
i can scan for hardware changes go to
19552
12:18:19,680 --> 12:18:20,680
the properties which will do the same
19553
12:18:21,040 --> 12:18:22,040
thing as double clicking it
19554
12:18:23,680 --> 12:18:24,680
update the device driver
19555
12:18:25,436 --> 12:18:26,436
disable or uninstall the device if i
19556
12:18:28,080 --> 12:18:29,080
disable the device which i'm not going
19557
12:18:29,276 --> 12:18:30,276
to do right now because it will throw me
19558
12:18:30,640 --> 12:18:31,640
out it renders the device not able to
19559
12:18:34,560 --> 12:18:35,560
work with windows and you might want to
19560
12:18:36,080 --> 12:18:37,080
do that let's say in case you have two
19561
12:18:38,400 --> 12:18:39,400
network cards or two graphics cards and
19562
12:18:40,240 --> 12:18:41,240
you don't want them to interfere with
19563
12:18:41,436 --> 12:18:42,436
one another
19564
12:18:43,916 --> 12:18:44,916
all right so back here talking about
19565
12:18:45,756 --> 12:18:46,756
driver signing
19566
12:18:47,520 --> 12:18:48,520
driver files are digitally signed by
19567
12:18:49,916 --> 12:18:50,916
microsoft that's what i mean by driver
19568
12:18:51,680 --> 12:18:52,680
signing
19569
12:18:53,116 --> 12:18:54,116
this ensures that the file is passed a
19570
12:18:54,880 --> 12:18:55,880
certain level of testing and that it is
19571
12:18:58,400 --> 12:18:59,400
compatible with windows if you install
19572
12:19:01,680 --> 12:19:02,680
a non-signed driver that has not been
19573
12:19:04,960 --> 12:19:05,960
tested by microsoft you might cause
19574
12:19:07,680 --> 12:19:08,680
errors on the system by installing it
19575
12:19:10,640 --> 12:19:11,640
in windows 7 and windows vista driver
19576
12:19:13,436 --> 12:19:14,436
signing is configured automatically and
19577
12:19:15,756 --> 12:19:16,756
only administrators can install unsigned
19578
12:19:18,880 --> 12:19:19,880
drivers so only an administrator can
19579
12:19:20,880 --> 12:19:21,880
overwrite the installation of an
19580
12:19:22,560 --> 12:19:23,560
unsigned driver now the reason you might
19581
12:19:24,080 --> 12:19:25,080
have an install unsigned driver is
19582
12:19:26,720 --> 12:19:27,720
perhaps the manufacturer did not submit
19583
12:19:29,116 --> 12:19:30,116
the driver to microsoft for testing or
19584
12:19:31,116 --> 12:19:32,116
they might have done their own internal
19585
12:19:32,480 --> 12:19:33,480
testing
19586
12:19:33,680 --> 12:19:34,680
you want to be careful whenever you're
19587
12:19:35,116 --> 12:19:36,116
going to overwrite the signed driver
19588
12:19:37,840 --> 12:19:38,840
warning
19589
12:19:39,116 --> 12:19:40,116
in windows xp it's a little different
19590
12:19:41,756 --> 12:19:42,756
you can actually configure
19591
12:19:44,240 --> 12:19:45,240
windows to not tell you whether a device
19592
12:19:46,960 --> 12:19:47,960
is
19593
12:19:49,200 --> 12:19:50,200
unsigned or just to warn you or to
19594
12:19:51,520 --> 12:19:52,520
prevent you altogether you don't have
19595
12:19:53,436 --> 12:19:54,436
that liberty in windows 7 and windows
19596
12:19:55,756 --> 12:19:56,756
vista
19597
12:20:01,756 --> 12:20:02,756
let's look at the system information
19598
12:20:03,436 --> 12:20:04,436
tool which i'll show you when we go i'll
19599
12:20:05,116 --> 12:20:06,116
go back into windows and show you as
19600
12:20:06,320 --> 12:20:07,320
well
19601
12:20:07,116 --> 12:20:08,116
the system information tool allows you
19602
12:20:08,880 --> 12:20:09,880
to view and analyze information about
19603
12:20:11,916 --> 12:20:12,916
hardware components on your system
19604
12:20:14,800 --> 12:20:15,800
software environments in your system so
19605
12:20:17,520 --> 12:20:18,520
not just
19606
12:20:18,720 --> 12:20:19,720
the
19607
12:20:19,520 --> 12:20:20,520
hardware itself but also the software
19608
12:20:21,916 --> 12:20:22,916
environment that you're within and you
19609
12:20:23,436 --> 12:20:24,436
can see that right here here's the
19610
12:20:24,960 --> 12:20:25,960
software environment
19611
12:20:26,480 --> 12:20:27,480
here's the hardware resources okay
19612
12:20:30,400 --> 12:20:31,400
hardware resources like i said and
19613
12:20:32,160 --> 12:20:33,160
what's being used
19614
12:20:35,200 --> 12:20:36,200
hardware conflicts anything that's
19615
12:20:36,960 --> 12:20:37,960
causing an issue
19616
12:20:38,400 --> 12:20:39,400
especially two devices that might be
19617
12:20:39,756 --> 12:20:40,756
conflicting with each other which does
19618
12:20:41,276 --> 12:20:42,276
happen
19619
12:20:42,480 --> 12:20:43,480
irq and io settings
19620
12:20:45,436 --> 12:20:46,436
which we will talk about in just a
19621
12:20:46,960 --> 12:20:47,960
second
19622
12:20:49,040 --> 12:20:50,040
and you can access it either by going to
19623
12:20:51,840 --> 12:20:52,840
start all programs accessories system
19624
12:20:54,560 --> 12:20:55,560
tools system information which is quite
19625
12:20:56,880 --> 12:20:57,880
long or by simply typing in msinfo32
19626
12:21:01,040 --> 12:21:02,040
into the start run or search and if i go
19627
12:21:04,480 --> 12:21:05,480
into windows real quickly
19628
12:21:06,880 --> 12:21:07,880
i'm going to close the device manager
19629
12:21:08,320 --> 12:21:09,320
where we were
19630
12:21:09,916 --> 12:21:10,916
i can go to start all programs
19631
12:21:12,880 --> 12:21:13,880
accessories
19632
12:21:17,436 --> 12:21:18,436
system tools
19633
12:21:21,040 --> 12:21:22,040
and here's the system information tool
19634
12:21:23,840 --> 12:21:24,840
alternatively
19635
12:21:26,640 --> 12:21:27,640
i can simply search ms info 32
19636
12:21:30,160 --> 12:21:31,160
and get to the same place
19637
12:21:32,880 --> 12:21:33,880
you'll notice by clicking through any of
19638
12:21:34,400 --> 12:21:35,400
these things it gives me real-time
19639
12:21:36,400 --> 12:21:37,400
information
19640
12:21:38,080 --> 12:21:39,080
about any of the categories listed
19641
12:21:46,840 --> 12:21:47,840
now let's talk about irq and i o
19642
12:21:49,520 --> 12:21:50,520
settings these used to be a major part
19643
12:21:51,276 --> 12:21:52,276
of the a plus exam uh when i got
19644
12:21:53,596 --> 12:21:54,596
certified at least 13 years ago now
19645
12:21:56,560 --> 12:21:57,560
but nowadays because
19646
12:21:58,560 --> 12:21:59,560
obviously technology has changed we
19647
12:22:00,240 --> 12:22:01,240
don't see them a lot anymore but i still
19648
12:22:01,680 --> 12:22:02,680
think it's worth talking about since you
19649
12:22:03,116 --> 12:22:04,116
do see them an interrupt request
19650
12:22:06,000 --> 12:22:07,000
was when a device interrupted the cpu to
19651
12:22:08,960 --> 12:22:09,960
get its attention so it could send data
19652
12:22:10,560 --> 12:22:11,560
to it basically what happened is there
19653
12:22:12,320 --> 12:22:13,320
were only so many channels to the cpu
19654
12:22:15,040 --> 12:22:16,040
nowadays we don't have this problem and
19655
12:22:16,960 --> 12:22:17,960
so what a device had to do was
19656
12:22:19,116 --> 12:22:20,116
send an interrupt request over a
19657
12:22:20,960 --> 12:22:21,960
specific line
19658
12:22:22,560 --> 12:22:23,560
indicated by one of these numbers
19659
12:22:25,756 --> 12:22:26,756
to tell the cpu hey i want to talk to
19660
12:22:27,680 --> 12:22:28,680
you and this happened really really fast
19661
12:22:29,520 --> 12:22:30,520
so we're not talking a slow process
19662
12:22:31,200 --> 12:22:32,200
we're talking something that happened
19663
12:22:32,240 --> 12:22:33,240
really fast okay this is a legacy
19664
12:22:34,640 --> 12:22:35,640
function of the pc it does not occur
19665
12:22:36,480 --> 12:22:37,480
much anymore uh and that's really
19666
12:22:38,480 --> 12:22:39,480
because
19667
12:22:39,756 --> 12:22:40,756
device
19668
12:22:40,720 --> 12:22:41,720
devices work much faster much better and
19669
12:22:43,040 --> 12:22:44,040
you never really have to worry about
19670
12:22:44,240 --> 12:22:45,240
these the real issue is used to have
19671
12:22:45,840 --> 12:22:46,840
irqs that were reserved for certain
19672
12:22:48,320 --> 12:22:49,320
devices so other devices couldn't have
19673
12:22:50,240 --> 12:22:51,240
them
19674
12:22:51,680 --> 12:22:52,680
um
19675
12:22:52,880 --> 12:22:53,880
so you're probably not going to change
19676
12:22:54,800 --> 12:22:55,800
the irq settings
19677
12:22:56,400 --> 12:22:57,400
ever
19678
12:22:57,596 --> 12:22:58,596
the i o settings
19679
12:22:59,520 --> 12:23:00,520
this was the range of memory that a
19680
12:23:01,680 --> 12:23:02,680
device used to transmit data to the cpu
19681
12:23:04,640 --> 12:23:05,640
okay so this both have to do with the
19682
12:23:05,840 --> 12:23:06,840
cpu again
19683
12:23:07,360 --> 12:23:08,360
you're generally not going to deal with
19684
12:23:08,400 --> 12:23:09,400
this much uh the computer has gotten
19685
12:23:10,960 --> 12:23:11,960
much better at dealing with this
19686
12:23:12,960 --> 12:23:13,960
information and really quickly if we
19687
12:23:14,720 --> 12:23:15,720
just go over back into windows you can
19688
12:23:16,640 --> 12:23:17,640
see here's the i o and you'll see there
19689
12:23:19,116 --> 12:23:20,116
are memory and hexadecimal numbers
19690
12:23:22,000 --> 12:23:23,000
which is not decimal like 1 through 10
19691
12:23:25,040 --> 12:23:26,040
but uses a different code
19692
12:23:27,520 --> 12:23:28,520
tells us the range of memory
19693
12:23:29,680 --> 12:23:30,680
that each of these devices is using
19694
12:23:32,320 --> 12:23:33,320
and we can also see the irqs as well
19695
12:23:40,240 --> 12:23:41,240
finally the directx diagnostic tool now
19696
12:23:42,480 --> 12:23:43,480
remember directx
19697
12:23:44,400 --> 12:23:45,400
was specifically for
19698
12:23:46,240 --> 12:23:47,240
video and multimedia and so the directx
19699
12:23:48,880 --> 12:23:49,880
diagnostic tool is specifically used to
19700
12:23:51,116 --> 12:23:52,116
analyze and diagnose problems with the
19701
12:23:53,200 --> 12:23:54,200
video card
19702
12:23:55,200 --> 12:23:56,200
to run it you can go type
19703
12:23:58,240 --> 12:23:59,240
dxdiag in the run prompt or in the
19704
12:24:01,116 --> 12:24:02,116
search bar definitely definitely one
19705
12:24:03,520 --> 12:24:04,520
hundred percent memorize that because
19706
12:24:05,840 --> 12:24:06,840
it's always on the exam what happens in
19707
12:24:08,160 --> 12:24:09,160
the diagnostic uh
19708
12:24:10,160 --> 12:24:11,160
tool you can come in here
19709
12:24:12,400 --> 12:24:13,400
work on the sound system input
19710
12:24:15,360 --> 12:24:16,360
display
19711
12:24:18,880 --> 12:24:19,880
have it run
19712
12:24:22,560 --> 12:24:23,560
not only information but diagnostics
19713
12:24:24,640 --> 12:24:25,640
okay uh however
19714
12:24:28,240 --> 12:24:29,240
and specifically for these multimedia
19715
12:24:30,400 --> 12:24:31,400
devices so if you see something on the
19716
12:24:31,916 --> 12:24:32,916
exam talking about you need a utility
19717
12:24:34,240 --> 12:24:35,240
you're having problems with the video
19718
12:24:35,520 --> 12:24:36,520
card or the sound card what you want to
19719
12:24:37,040 --> 12:24:38,040
do is run the directx diagnostic tool
19720
12:24:39,520 --> 12:24:40,520
and you can get there by dxdiag
19721
12:24:43,680 --> 12:24:44,680
all right
19722
12:24:44,720 --> 12:24:45,720
so we've talked now about the system
19723
12:24:46,720 --> 12:24:47,720
tools and utilities
19724
12:24:49,040 --> 12:24:50,040
we talked about managing devices
19725
12:24:50,480 --> 12:24:51,480
specifically using the device manager
19726
12:24:53,276 --> 12:24:54,276
we also discussed driver signing
19727
12:24:54,960 --> 12:24:55,960
remember in windows vista in seven
19728
12:24:59,756 --> 12:25:00,756
only administrators can overwrite that
19729
12:25:02,240 --> 12:25:03,240
okay in windows xp you can you have
19730
12:25:05,520 --> 12:25:06,520
settings to do it
19731
12:25:06,960 --> 12:25:07,960
it's automatically configured
19732
12:25:09,360 --> 12:25:10,360
in vista
19733
12:25:15,596 --> 12:25:16,596
the system information tool remember the
19734
12:25:18,160 --> 12:25:19,160
shortcut into there is ms info 32
19735
12:25:22,080 --> 12:25:23,080
we've briefly discussed irq and io
19736
12:25:24,240 --> 12:25:25,240
settings which are legacy things legacy
19737
12:25:27,360 --> 12:25:28,360
by the way meaning that it's older it's
19738
12:25:29,756 --> 12:25:30,756
in the past it's our history it's our
19739
12:25:31,596 --> 12:25:32,596
legacy
19740
12:25:32,880 --> 12:25:33,880
and the directx diagnostic tool i want
19741
12:25:35,360 --> 12:25:36,360
you to remember dxdiag because it always
19742
12:25:37,840 --> 12:25:38,840
pops up on the test
19743
12:25:40,320 --> 12:25:41,320
all right let's finish up this by
19744
12:25:42,320 --> 12:25:43,320
talking about a little bit more in some
19745
12:25:43,840 --> 12:25:44,840
windows configuration
19746
12:25:46,000 --> 12:25:47,000
utilities and
19747
12:25:48,960 --> 12:25:49,960
settings
19748
12:25:54,050 --> 12:25:55,050
[Music]
19749
12:26:14,480 --> 12:26:15,480
windows configuration
19750
12:26:16,480 --> 12:26:17,480
os optimization and power management
19751
12:26:20,800 --> 12:26:21,800
let's finish up this section on windows
19752
12:26:22,720 --> 12:26:23,720
configuration talking about some very
19753
12:26:26,000 --> 12:26:27,000
useful
19754
12:26:27,200 --> 12:26:28,200
tools for optimization and talk about
19755
12:26:29,680 --> 12:26:30,680
the power management
19756
12:26:31,436 --> 12:26:32,436
settings in windows and as a note almost
19757
12:26:34,800 --> 12:26:35,800
all of this stuff is going to be on the
19758
12:26:37,040 --> 12:26:38,040
a plus exam so this is a really
19759
12:26:39,200 --> 12:26:40,200
important video to take
19760
12:26:41,200 --> 12:26:42,200
particular attention to and as we're
19761
12:26:43,200 --> 12:26:44,200
going through i'll also demonstrate what
19762
12:26:44,960 --> 12:26:45,960
we're talking about by going into
19763
12:26:46,560 --> 12:26:47,560
windows
19764
12:26:48,240 --> 12:26:49,240
so first we're going to talk about some
19765
12:26:50,160 --> 12:26:51,160
operating system optimization tools and
19766
12:26:52,160 --> 12:26:53,160
utilities
19767
12:26:53,436 --> 12:26:54,436
the first is the task manager one of our
19768
12:26:56,720 --> 12:26:57,720
most useful troubleshooting tools
19769
12:27:00,000 --> 12:27:01,000
not only because of all the information
19770
12:27:02,000 --> 12:27:03,000
it provides but also because it allows
19771
12:27:03,596 --> 12:27:04,596
us to quickly
19772
12:27:05,276 --> 12:27:06,276
end processes and applications even
19773
12:27:07,436 --> 12:27:08,436
force quit them
19774
12:27:08,880 --> 12:27:09,880
the ms config utility very useful for
19775
12:27:11,520 --> 12:27:12,520
troubleshooting especially when we're
19776
12:27:12,960 --> 12:27:13,960
doing multiple reboots
19777
12:27:15,436 --> 12:27:16,436
virtual memory which is actually
19778
12:27:17,680 --> 12:27:18,680
something that allows our computers to
19779
12:27:19,200 --> 12:27:20,200
run a little faster by re-routing a hard
19780
12:27:22,160 --> 12:27:23,160
drive space to make it virtual ram we'll
19781
12:27:25,436 --> 12:27:26,436
talk about that and how to get to it
19782
12:27:27,276 --> 12:27:28,276
something i see on the exam quite often
19783
12:27:30,240 --> 12:27:31,240
and then working with services services
19784
12:27:32,400 --> 12:27:33,400
are slightly different from applications
19785
12:27:34,560 --> 12:27:35,560
and there's a specific area that we have
19786
12:27:37,200 --> 12:27:38,200
to go to
19787
12:27:38,560 --> 12:27:39,560
in order to start and stop them and
19788
12:27:40,320 --> 12:27:41,320
we'll talk about that as well
19789
12:27:42,320 --> 12:27:43,320
all of these things i see questions on
19790
12:27:44,640 --> 12:27:45,640
on the exam so this is probably one of
19791
12:27:46,400 --> 12:27:47,400
the most important videos as a whole uh
19792
12:27:49,276 --> 12:27:50,276
that we've done on windows so far next
19793
12:27:52,480 --> 12:27:53,480
we'll talk about the power management
19794
12:27:55,200 --> 12:27:56,200
utilities
19795
12:27:56,560 --> 12:27:57,560
and configuration settings within
19796
12:27:58,800 --> 12:27:59,800
windows and i'll make some distinctions
19797
12:28:00,320 --> 12:28:01,320
that are going to help you when you get
19798
12:28:02,480 --> 12:28:03,480
questions about it on the exam
19799
12:28:04,560 --> 12:28:05,560
so the difference here we're going to be
19800
12:28:05,756 --> 12:28:06,756
talking about standby versus sleep
19801
12:28:08,080 --> 12:28:09,080
followed by hibernate
19802
12:28:10,240 --> 12:28:11,240
all right
19803
12:28:12,080 --> 12:28:13,080
so first let's talk about the task
19804
12:28:13,520 --> 12:28:14,520
manager
19805
12:28:14,480 --> 12:28:15,480
image of it on the right and i'll show
19806
12:28:16,400 --> 12:28:17,400
it to you once we go into windows
19807
12:28:18,320 --> 12:28:19,320
it allows you to do several things one
19808
12:28:20,080 --> 12:28:21,080
thing is to analyze your processor and
19809
12:28:22,560 --> 12:28:23,560
memory performance in real time now as
19810
12:28:25,040 --> 12:28:26,040
you see it says task manager up here
19811
12:28:27,840 --> 12:28:28,840
right and there are a lot of tabs here
19812
12:28:30,640 --> 12:28:31,640
so one thing the thing we're talking
19813
12:28:32,080 --> 12:28:33,080
about here is that it allows you to see
19814
12:28:34,160 --> 12:28:35,160
information on the performance of your
19815
12:28:36,560 --> 12:28:37,560
computer in real time
19816
12:28:38,560 --> 12:28:39,560
you can also kill any processes and
19817
12:28:40,880 --> 12:28:41,880
programs
19818
12:28:43,436 --> 12:28:44,436
from these two tools this one allows you
19819
12:28:46,000 --> 12:28:47,000
to kill processes and this one
19820
12:28:47,840 --> 12:28:48,840
applications
19821
12:28:49,200 --> 12:28:50,200
or programs the difference here is that
19822
12:28:52,000 --> 12:28:53,000
applications run overtly
19823
12:28:54,480 --> 12:28:55,480
on the system you see them internet
19824
12:28:56,560 --> 12:28:57,560
explorer for instance is an application
19825
12:28:58,880 --> 12:28:59,880
but there are always other processes
19826
12:29:00,960 --> 12:29:01,960
that are running in the background some
19827
12:29:02,880 --> 12:29:03,880
of them might be on that notification
19828
12:29:04,640 --> 12:29:05,640
panel at the bottom right of your
19829
12:29:05,916 --> 12:29:06,916
taskbar and some won't be and this is
19830
12:29:08,000 --> 12:29:09,000
going to list all of them and as you can
19831
12:29:09,756 --> 12:29:10,756
see gives you
19832
12:29:11,756 --> 12:29:12,756
ability to end the process
19833
12:29:13,756 --> 12:29:14,756
and end the process tree which means and
19834
12:29:16,640 --> 12:29:17,640
all the processes associated with this
19835
12:29:18,720 --> 12:29:19,720
process this can be extremely helpful
19836
12:29:21,040 --> 12:29:22,040
especially in the case of virus removal
19837
12:29:25,436 --> 12:29:26,436
you can also temporarily boost the power
19838
12:29:27,840 --> 12:29:28,840
to a specific process on this page
19839
12:29:30,400 --> 12:29:31,400
and that's by
19840
12:29:32,560 --> 12:29:33,560
setting priority right here
19841
12:29:34,640 --> 12:29:35,640
if i tell the system to set a high
19842
12:29:37,040 --> 12:29:38,040
priority for a specific process
19843
12:29:39,756 --> 12:29:40,756
the computer windows specifically is
19844
12:29:42,240 --> 12:29:43,240
going to give it more of its resources
19845
12:29:44,880 --> 12:29:45,880
than it's going to give to everything
19846
12:29:46,320 --> 12:29:47,320
else
19847
12:29:48,240 --> 12:29:49,240
now to open with task manager there are
19848
12:29:50,160 --> 12:29:51,160
several ways to go about it i think four
19849
12:29:51,840 --> 12:29:52,840
is how many we're going to list here the
19850
12:29:53,596 --> 12:29:54,596
first is to right click on the taskbar
19851
12:29:55,680 --> 12:29:56,680
and then go to task manager you can also
19852
12:29:58,800 --> 12:29:59,800
press ctrl delete and select task
19853
12:30:01,520 --> 12:30:02,520
manager
19854
12:30:03,436 --> 12:30:04,436
you can open the run prompt and type
19855
12:30:05,596 --> 12:30:06,596
task manager remember where
19856
12:30:08,800 --> 12:30:09,800
manager in almost all these cases is mgr
19857
12:30:11,680 --> 12:30:12,680
and finally you can use the key combo
19858
12:30:13,680 --> 12:30:14,680
ctrl shift escape control delete used to
19859
12:30:16,400 --> 12:30:17,400
bring up the task manager directly but
19860
12:30:18,640 --> 12:30:19,640
in windows 7 and windows vista that
19861
12:30:20,800 --> 12:30:21,800
brings up several
19862
12:30:22,160 --> 12:30:23,160
processes including
19863
12:30:24,960 --> 12:30:25,960
uh an option to select the task manager
19864
12:30:27,116 --> 12:30:28,116
which is why there are two different key
19865
12:30:29,756 --> 12:30:30,756
combinations to get there so let's just
19866
12:30:31,680 --> 12:30:32,680
take a look here real quickly
19867
12:30:34,800 --> 12:30:35,800
all right so let's try right clicking
19868
12:30:38,000 --> 12:30:39,000
on the taskbar
19869
12:30:39,360 --> 12:30:40,360
and right there you'll see start task
19870
12:30:40,960 --> 12:30:41,960
manager
19871
12:30:42,000 --> 12:30:43,000
one easy way to get in there
19872
12:30:44,560 --> 12:30:45,560
another way
19873
12:30:46,880 --> 12:30:47,880
is to press start
19874
12:30:48,720 --> 12:30:49,720
and search for task manager or type in
19875
12:30:51,756 --> 12:30:52,756
the task manager
19876
12:30:54,640 --> 12:30:55,640
name
19877
12:30:56,160 --> 12:30:57,160
now you can also use the two key
19878
12:30:57,840 --> 12:30:58,840
combinations we talked about
19879
12:31:00,640 --> 12:31:01,640
if we look here we first see any
19880
12:31:02,320 --> 12:31:03,320
applications that are running now i
19881
12:31:03,916 --> 12:31:04,916
don't have any applications running so
19882
12:31:05,276 --> 12:31:06,276
let me go ahead and open up a windows
19883
12:31:06,800 --> 12:31:07,800
explorer
19884
12:31:08,880 --> 12:31:09,880
and you can see automatically it has
19885
12:31:10,320 --> 12:31:11,320
libraries now running because we're in
19886
12:31:12,880 --> 12:31:13,880
libraries in our windows explorer window
19887
12:31:15,276 --> 12:31:16,276
when i close it it closes as well
19888
12:31:18,320 --> 12:31:19,320
now even though i don't have a lot of
19889
12:31:20,080 --> 12:31:21,080
applications running i do have a lot of
19890
12:31:21,436 --> 12:31:22,436
processes running
19891
12:31:23,116 --> 12:31:24,116
and if i wanted to i could right click
19892
12:31:25,040 --> 12:31:26,040
on any of these processes
19893
12:31:26,880 --> 12:31:27,880
and i could end the process or
19894
12:31:29,116 --> 12:31:30,116
alternatively set a priority for it in
19895
12:31:31,436 --> 12:31:32,436
order to give it perhaps higher or above
19896
12:31:33,276 --> 12:31:34,276
normal priority so windows will
19897
12:31:34,880 --> 12:31:35,880
designate more resources to it
19898
12:31:37,680 --> 12:31:38,680
we're going to talk about working with
19899
12:31:39,040 --> 12:31:40,040
services in a minute but here's a quick
19900
12:31:41,756 --> 12:31:42,756
place that i can go to take a look at
19901
12:31:43,756 --> 12:31:44,756
all the services that i can start and
19902
12:31:45,840 --> 12:31:46,840
stop on my computer
19903
12:31:48,000 --> 12:31:49,000
right here i can see some services are
19904
12:31:49,680 --> 12:31:50,680
running and others are stopped and if i
19905
12:31:52,560 --> 12:31:53,560
wanted i could always right click on a
19906
12:31:54,080 --> 12:31:55,080
service and go to stop service we'll
19907
12:31:56,000 --> 12:31:57,000
take a look at that in just a minute
19908
12:31:57,200 --> 12:31:58,200
again
19909
12:31:59,200 --> 12:32:00,200
here's the performance tab giving me
19910
12:32:01,116 --> 12:32:02,116
real-time information on how much memory
19911
12:32:03,360 --> 12:32:04,360
i'm using
19912
12:32:04,800 --> 12:32:05,800
information on my system
19913
12:32:07,596 --> 12:32:08,596
kernel memory
19914
12:32:10,560 --> 12:32:11,560
uh and i get some graphics to show me
19915
12:32:13,436 --> 12:32:14,436
how my system's running including cpu
19916
12:32:15,360 --> 12:32:16,360
and you can see certain spikes in the
19917
12:32:16,720 --> 12:32:17,720
cpu probably when we're opening things
19918
12:32:19,040 --> 12:32:20,040
i also have quick access to networking
19919
12:32:22,400 --> 12:32:23,400
information here's the bluetooth adapter
19920
12:32:24,480 --> 12:32:25,480
and my local area connection
19921
12:32:26,480 --> 12:32:27,480
and how much utilization they're getting
19922
12:32:27,916 --> 12:32:28,916
and the speed etc
19923
12:32:29,756 --> 12:32:30,756
and then i can see all of the users
19924
12:32:31,756 --> 12:32:32,756
currently connected to a system which
19925
12:32:33,520 --> 12:32:34,520
would be very useful especially on a
19926
12:32:35,116 --> 12:32:36,116
server right now i'm the only user
19927
12:32:36,880 --> 12:32:37,880
connected
19928
12:32:42,320 --> 12:32:43,320
all right
19929
12:32:43,360 --> 12:32:44,360
so
19930
12:32:44,720 --> 12:32:45,720
let's keep moving on then
19931
12:32:48,720 --> 12:32:49,720
next is ms config
19932
12:32:51,276 --> 12:32:52,276
this is also called the microsoft system
19933
12:32:53,360 --> 12:32:54,360
configuration utility the reason i call
19934
12:32:55,680 --> 12:32:56,680
it msconfig however instead of the
19935
12:32:57,596 --> 12:32:58,596
microsoft system configuration utility
19936
12:33:00,080 --> 12:33:01,080
which you can see is right up here
19937
12:33:02,080 --> 12:33:03,080
system configuration another name for it
19938
12:33:04,240 --> 12:33:05,240
is because generally speaking they're
19939
12:33:05,680 --> 12:33:06,680
going to ask you
19940
12:33:07,520 --> 12:33:08,520
about ms config not system configuration
19941
12:33:10,640 --> 12:33:11,640
however if you do see
19942
12:33:12,960 --> 12:33:13,960
the term system configuration know that
19943
12:33:14,800 --> 12:33:15,800
msconfig is the name of the
19944
12:33:17,520 --> 12:33:18,520
application just like if we were talking
19945
12:33:19,520 --> 12:33:20,520
about the task manager
19946
12:33:22,400 --> 12:33:23,400
its name is this
19947
12:33:26,400 --> 12:33:27,400
it allows you to do a lot of things
19948
12:33:28,080 --> 12:33:29,080
including permanently disabled programs
19949
12:33:30,160 --> 12:33:31,160
or services designed to run at startup
19950
12:33:32,880 --> 12:33:33,880
via the
19951
12:33:34,080 --> 12:33:35,080
startup or
19952
12:33:36,720 --> 12:33:37,720
services tab
19953
12:33:38,000 --> 12:33:39,000
the best thing is
19954
12:33:39,436 --> 12:33:40,436
notice that even though you're
19955
12:33:40,400 --> 12:33:41,400
permanently disabling them you're not
19956
12:33:42,640 --> 12:33:43,640
permanently removing them so this is
19957
12:33:44,880 --> 12:33:45,880
really useful for troubleshooting
19958
12:33:46,640 --> 12:33:47,640
because if i can
19959
12:33:47,840 --> 12:33:48,840
choose which
19960
12:33:49,276 --> 12:33:50,276
applications that i want to run at
19961
12:33:51,200 --> 12:33:52,200
startup and services i want to run at
19962
12:33:53,040 --> 12:33:54,040
startup
19963
12:33:54,480 --> 12:33:55,480
i can temporarily uh disable them or
19964
12:33:57,680 --> 12:33:58,680
permanently it'll just disable them as
19965
12:33:59,360 --> 12:34:00,360
long as i have it checked which is why
19966
12:34:00,960 --> 12:34:01,960
it says permanent but i can permanently
19967
12:34:02,720 --> 12:34:03,720
disable these programs and then
19968
12:34:05,040 --> 12:34:06,040
i can always turn them back on the next
19969
12:34:06,880 --> 12:34:07,880
time i boot into the system if i've
19970
12:34:08,720 --> 12:34:09,720
determined that it has or has not helped
19971
12:34:11,756 --> 12:34:12,756
it also lets you select from different
19972
12:34:13,360 --> 12:34:14,360
boot options as you can see not only in
19973
12:34:15,596 --> 12:34:16,596
the general tab which gives me different
19974
12:34:17,436 --> 12:34:18,436
startup options but also from the boot
19975
12:34:19,436 --> 12:34:20,436
tab that we'll see in a second when i
19976
12:34:21,276 --> 12:34:22,276
move over to windows
19977
12:34:24,080 --> 12:34:25,080
i can start or stop services upon boot
19978
12:34:26,240 --> 12:34:27,240
up like we talked about oops not
19979
12:34:28,640 --> 12:34:29,640
actually there but here in services
19980
12:34:32,320 --> 12:34:33,320
and it also gives me there are some
19981
12:34:34,400 --> 12:34:35,400
tools that it gives me really quick and
19982
12:34:36,000 --> 12:34:37,000
easy access to all the tools that we're
19983
12:34:37,756 --> 12:34:38,756
talking about actually
19984
12:34:40,000 --> 12:34:41,000
throughout the system can be easily
19985
12:34:41,596 --> 12:34:42,596
accessed by this tool tab
19986
12:34:43,596 --> 12:34:44,596
to open the easiest way to open it is to
19987
12:34:46,240 --> 12:34:47,240
go to the run prompt or to the search
19988
12:34:48,320 --> 12:34:49,320
bar and type in ms config
19989
12:34:51,436 --> 12:34:52,436
and let's take a look at it now
19990
12:34:54,960 --> 12:34:55,960
so i'm going to go to start and i'm just
19991
12:34:56,560 --> 12:34:57,560
going to type in ms config
19992
12:34:59,200 --> 12:35:00,200
and open it
19993
12:35:00,800 --> 12:35:01,800
now first notice i have three startup
19994
12:35:02,720 --> 12:35:03,720
selections
19995
12:35:04,000 --> 12:35:05,000
if i'm having issues i might want to
19996
12:35:05,756 --> 12:35:06,756
load into a diagnostic startup
19997
12:35:08,400 --> 12:35:09,400
i can also do a selective startup and
19998
12:35:10,320 --> 12:35:11,320
choose what i want
19999
12:35:12,000 --> 12:35:13,000
it to choose on startup what i want it
20000
12:35:14,160 --> 12:35:15,160
to run rather
20001
12:35:15,596 --> 12:35:16,596
this is almost like going into safe mode
20002
12:35:17,756 --> 12:35:18,756
but i can select that i'm going to go
20003
12:35:19,680 --> 12:35:20,680
into the safe mode from windows before i
20004
12:35:21,436 --> 12:35:22,436
get in there
20005
12:35:22,640 --> 12:35:23,640
now notice every time i boot up the
20006
12:35:24,080 --> 12:35:25,080
computer it's going to continue to boot
20007
12:35:25,520 --> 12:35:26,520
up in this diagnostic startup or into
20008
12:35:27,200 --> 12:35:28,200
selective startup until i
20009
12:35:31,040 --> 12:35:32,040
restart the computer
20010
12:35:33,360 --> 12:35:34,360
and change this to normal startup and
20011
12:35:35,360 --> 12:35:36,360
then reboot again
20012
12:35:37,680 --> 12:35:38,680
on the boot tab first it lists all the
20013
12:35:39,756 --> 12:35:40,756
operating systems loaded right now i
20014
12:35:41,756 --> 12:35:42,756
only have windows 7 loaded but if i was
20015
12:35:43,680 --> 12:35:44,680
dual or triple booting it would show me
20016
12:35:45,520 --> 12:35:46,520
all the different boots and i could
20017
12:35:47,520 --> 12:35:48,520
actually choose one and set it as the
20018
12:35:48,960 --> 12:35:49,960
default that way let's say that i had
20019
12:35:51,276 --> 12:35:52,276
windows 7 windows 8 and windows xp all
20020
12:35:53,680 --> 12:35:54,680
installed on the same computer which is
20021
12:35:55,276 --> 12:35:56,276
something i can do doing so using
20022
12:35:56,720 --> 12:35:57,720
something called triple boot
20023
12:35:58,240 --> 12:35:59,240
in here i could actually go in and
20024
12:36:00,000 --> 12:36:01,000
select which operating system i wanted
20025
12:36:01,596 --> 12:36:02,596
to default boot into
20026
12:36:04,000 --> 12:36:05,000
i also have the option to boot into safe
20027
12:36:06,000 --> 12:36:07,000
mode
20028
12:36:07,040 --> 12:36:08,040
and choose certain information for
20029
12:36:08,640 --> 12:36:09,640
instance base video which is like vga
20030
12:36:10,720 --> 12:36:11,720
mode gonna run it to 640 by 480.
20031
12:36:13,276 --> 12:36:14,276
i can have it log the boot information
20032
12:36:17,680 --> 12:36:18,680
and i can also say i don't want it to
20033
12:36:19,040 --> 12:36:20,040
boot into a gui meaning i want it to
20034
12:36:20,960 --> 12:36:21,960
boot into the command line instead
20035
12:36:23,756 --> 12:36:24,756
i can choose to make all boot settings
20036
12:36:25,360 --> 12:36:26,360
permanent if i would like however i
20037
12:36:27,276 --> 12:36:28,276
wouldn't recommend that unless you've
20038
12:36:28,840 --> 12:36:29,840
absolutely
20039
12:36:30,720 --> 12:36:31,720
you're absolutely sure this is more used
20040
12:36:32,800 --> 12:36:33,800
for tech technical support and
20041
12:36:34,480 --> 12:36:35,480
troubleshooting
20042
12:36:36,880 --> 12:36:37,880
here are all the services running we saw
20043
12:36:38,560 --> 12:36:39,560
this in the task manager and we'll see
20044
12:36:40,640 --> 12:36:41,640
this when we go into the services pane
20045
12:36:42,160 --> 12:36:43,160
as well
20046
12:36:43,680 --> 12:36:44,680
one easy thing i can do is hide all
20047
12:36:45,756 --> 12:36:46,756
microsoft services
20048
12:36:47,360 --> 12:36:48,360
so this will show me everything that's
20049
12:36:48,960 --> 12:36:49,960
third party so this can be a really
20050
12:36:50,960 --> 12:36:51,960
great troubleshooting technique
20051
12:36:53,116 --> 12:36:54,116
if i want to remove or
20052
12:36:55,276 --> 12:36:56,276
disable certain services all i do is
20053
12:36:57,680 --> 12:36:58,680
simply uncheck them
20054
12:36:59,520 --> 12:37:00,520
and when i reboot they will not
20055
12:37:02,480 --> 12:37:03,480
they won't run
20056
12:37:04,880 --> 12:37:05,880
if i click enable all that will reverse
20057
12:37:06,960 --> 12:37:07,960
what i just did
20058
12:37:10,960 --> 12:37:11,960
if i go to startup this shows me all of
20059
12:37:12,720 --> 12:37:13,720
the applications that are running at
20060
12:37:14,400 --> 12:37:15,400
startup right now it has some
20061
12:37:16,880 --> 12:37:17,880
vmware which is for virtualization
20062
12:37:19,040 --> 12:37:20,040
running but other than that there's
20063
12:37:20,320 --> 12:37:21,320
nothing else running on startup if i had
20064
12:37:22,320 --> 12:37:23,320
a viruscan program on this which i i
20065
12:37:25,200 --> 12:37:26,200
don't have on this particular system it
20066
12:37:27,520 --> 12:37:28,520
would also
20067
12:37:29,200 --> 12:37:30,200
uh boot up saying there's a virus scan
20068
12:37:31,200 --> 12:37:32,200
program and if i thought that virus scan
20069
12:37:32,956 --> 12:37:33,956
program or perhaps vmware were having
20070
12:37:34,560 --> 12:37:35,560
problems i could uncheck it
20071
12:37:36,720 --> 12:37:37,720
and reboot the computer and next time it
20072
12:37:39,040 --> 12:37:40,040
would not run this program at startup
20073
12:37:41,436 --> 12:37:42,436
this by the way
20074
12:37:43,276 --> 12:37:44,276
lists startups that are taking place
20075
12:37:45,116 --> 12:37:46,116
directly in the registry
20076
12:37:47,360 --> 12:37:48,360
so again once i determine it's the
20077
12:37:49,200 --> 12:37:50,200
problem i might go to this registry key
20078
12:37:51,916 --> 12:37:52,916
and delete the item but this gives me an
20079
12:37:54,880 --> 12:37:55,880
easy way to reverse that if i'm not
20080
12:37:57,680 --> 12:37:58,680
positive that i want to do it yet
20081
12:38:00,160 --> 12:38:01,160
finally i can go to tools and here you
20082
12:38:01,840 --> 12:38:02,840
see all the different places that we're
20083
12:38:03,360 --> 12:38:04,360
going to talk about or have talked about
20084
12:38:05,040 --> 12:38:06,040
and gives me an easy access to them
20085
12:38:07,200 --> 12:38:08,200
so the command prompt for instance the
20086
12:38:08,800 --> 12:38:09,800
task manager
20087
12:38:10,080 --> 12:38:11,080
i click launch and there's our task
20088
12:38:11,680 --> 12:38:12,680
manager we're just in it even shows the
20089
12:38:13,520 --> 12:38:14,520
system configuration
20090
12:38:15,116 --> 12:38:16,116
let's go ahead and end the system
20091
12:38:16,320 --> 12:38:17,320
configuration task and you can see how
20092
12:38:18,000 --> 12:38:19,000
easily windows task manager works
20093
12:38:25,596 --> 12:38:26,596
ms config almost always pops up on the
20094
12:38:27,436 --> 12:38:28,436
test i highly recommend that you
20095
12:38:29,040 --> 12:38:30,040
remember it and that you spend some time
20096
12:38:31,116 --> 12:38:32,116
playing with it
20097
12:38:32,800 --> 12:38:33,800
okay
20098
12:38:33,916 --> 12:38:34,916
virtual memory this is also known as the
20099
12:38:36,160 --> 12:38:37,160
paging file by the way
20100
12:38:38,956 --> 12:38:39,956
virtual memory isn't so much a config
20101
12:38:41,360 --> 12:38:42,360
utility as it is a configuration but it
20102
12:38:43,596 --> 12:38:44,596
is
20103
12:38:44,400 --> 12:38:45,400
useful for optimizing the system as the
20104
12:38:46,080 --> 12:38:47,080
other two programs were
20105
12:38:47,680 --> 12:38:48,680
this makes a program in the operating
20106
12:38:49,680 --> 12:38:50,680
system
20107
12:38:50,400 --> 12:38:51,400
believe that they have it has extra
20108
12:38:52,000 --> 12:38:53,000
memory and when we're talking about
20109
12:38:53,436 --> 12:38:54,436
memory what we mean is ram
20110
12:38:56,480 --> 12:38:57,480
the way it does this is by using
20111
12:38:58,800 --> 12:38:59,800
this file the paging file
20112
12:39:01,276 --> 12:39:02,276
on the hard drive
20113
12:39:02,880 --> 12:39:03,880
to replicate a certain amount of ram
20114
12:39:06,160 --> 12:39:07,160
so in reality the memory address is on
20115
12:39:08,640 --> 12:39:09,640
the hard drive
20116
12:39:10,080 --> 12:39:11,080
but to the computer it doesn't see a
20117
12:39:11,916 --> 12:39:12,916
difference now of course memory
20118
12:39:13,680 --> 12:39:14,680
addressing on the hard drive is going to
20119
12:39:15,596 --> 12:39:16,596
be slower than actual ram addressing
20120
12:39:18,640 --> 12:39:19,640
which is why we don't want to rely on
20121
12:39:20,080 --> 12:39:21,080
the paging file but it does help
20122
12:39:23,680 --> 12:39:24,680
double the amount of memory we have and
20123
12:39:26,160 --> 12:39:27,160
it helps open up some resources for
20124
12:39:28,560 --> 12:39:29,560
programs if i have multiple programs
20125
12:39:30,320 --> 12:39:31,320
running on the system at once so because
20126
12:39:32,560 --> 12:39:33,560
ram is a limited resource virtual memory
20127
12:39:34,956 --> 12:39:35,956
is only as limited as the storage i have
20128
12:39:37,040 --> 12:39:38,040
so if i have four gigabytes of ram i
20129
12:39:38,956 --> 12:39:39,956
might have 500 gigabytes of hard drive
20130
12:39:41,116 --> 12:39:42,116
and i probably want to designate just a
20131
12:39:43,116 --> 12:39:44,116
small percentage of that hard drive
20132
12:39:44,956 --> 12:39:45,956
space to ram if i can't upgrade my ram
20133
12:39:48,000 --> 12:39:49,000
anymore physically on the motherboard
20134
12:39:50,800 --> 12:39:51,800
this can be a good alternate
20135
12:39:52,800 --> 12:39:53,800
and can also help up the process speed
20136
12:39:55,200 --> 12:39:56,200
now again the hard drive is slower so
20137
12:39:58,080 --> 12:39:59,080
virtual memory is not as useful as
20138
12:40:00,480 --> 12:40:01,480
actually upgrading ram but you'll always
20139
12:40:02,720 --> 12:40:03,720
find it enabled because it we can always
20140
12:40:05,040 --> 12:40:06,040
use a little more
20141
12:40:06,800 --> 12:40:07,800
the rule of thumb is you want the
20142
12:40:08,160 --> 12:40:09,160
virtual memory to equal one and a half
20143
12:40:11,200 --> 12:40:12,200
the amount of ram in the system if
20144
12:40:13,436 --> 12:40:14,436
you're setting it generally
20145
12:40:16,080 --> 12:40:17,080
as you can see from here
20146
12:40:17,916 --> 12:40:18,916
the virtual memory is going to be
20147
12:40:19,276 --> 12:40:20,276
automatically managed
20148
12:40:21,116 --> 12:40:22,116
uh and you don't have to worry about it
20149
12:40:24,080 --> 12:40:25,080
but
20150
12:40:25,200 --> 12:40:26,200
and generally it won't be one and a half
20151
12:40:26,560 --> 12:40:27,560
times because the system is taking care
20152
12:40:28,560 --> 12:40:29,560
of it for you
20153
12:40:29,840 --> 12:40:30,840
but if you want to manually set it a
20154
12:40:31,520 --> 12:40:32,520
good rule of thumb is to do one and a
20155
12:40:33,040 --> 12:40:34,040
half times the amount of memory in the
20156
12:40:34,560 --> 12:40:35,560
system
20157
12:40:35,756 --> 12:40:36,756
this is really important
20158
12:40:37,840 --> 12:40:38,840
okay
20159
12:40:38,800 --> 12:40:39,800
i always see this on the exam
20160
12:40:43,276 --> 12:40:44,276
the paging file virtual memory is
20161
12:40:45,436 --> 12:40:46,436
located
20162
12:40:46,880 --> 12:40:47,880
in the performance tab under advanced
20163
12:40:49,200 --> 12:40:50,200
properties in the system and for in the
20164
12:40:51,040 --> 12:40:52,040
system properties tab so let's go there
20165
12:40:53,840 --> 12:40:54,840
i'm going to show you how to get there
20166
12:40:54,956 --> 12:40:55,956
okay
20167
12:40:57,040 --> 12:40:58,040
so remember we can get to system
20168
12:40:58,720 --> 12:40:59,720
properties by right-clicking on computer
20169
12:41:01,040 --> 12:41:02,040
and going to properties
20170
12:41:03,360 --> 12:41:04,360
i select advanced system settings
20171
12:41:07,360 --> 12:41:08,360
at the top i choose the advanced tab
20172
12:41:11,840 --> 12:41:12,840
then i choose the performance
20173
12:41:14,240 --> 12:41:15,240
in the performance group i choose
20174
12:41:15,756 --> 12:41:16,756
settings
20175
12:41:18,000 --> 12:41:19,000
and on the advanced tab
20176
12:41:19,840 --> 12:41:20,840
at the bottom
20177
12:41:21,360 --> 12:41:22,360
is a virtual memory or paging file
20178
12:41:24,320 --> 12:41:25,320
settings and there now i can either have
20179
12:41:26,800 --> 12:41:27,800
it automatically or i could set a custom
20180
12:41:29,756 --> 12:41:30,756
size for the paging file
20181
12:41:32,080 --> 12:41:33,080
you can see right now
20182
12:41:33,840 --> 12:41:34,840
it's currently allocated to about two
20183
12:41:35,596 --> 12:41:36,596
gigabytes although recommended is three
20184
12:41:39,040 --> 12:41:40,040
so
20185
12:41:40,560 --> 12:41:41,560
the system is doing that automatically
20186
12:41:42,000 --> 12:41:43,000
likely because it finds it doesn't need
20187
12:41:43,436 --> 12:41:44,436
it but that's something the system's
20188
12:41:44,956 --> 12:41:45,956
doing recommended is three because that
20189
12:41:46,800 --> 12:41:47,800
would be one and a half times what i
20190
12:41:48,400 --> 12:41:49,400
have which is currently two
20191
12:41:50,400 --> 12:41:51,400
you always wanted to have it at least be
20192
12:41:51,756 --> 12:41:52,756
double
20193
12:41:52,800 --> 12:41:53,800
at least equal to what you have rather
20194
12:41:57,596 --> 12:41:58,596
all right
20195
12:41:59,116 --> 12:42:00,116
i didn't make any changes but it thinks
20196
12:42:00,956 --> 12:42:01,956
it might i might have
20197
12:42:03,916 --> 12:42:04,916
so you want to remember
20198
12:42:06,400 --> 12:42:07,400
that path i see a multiple choice
20199
12:42:08,320 --> 12:42:09,320
question on every time i've ever sat for
20200
12:42:10,880 --> 12:42:11,880
the exam uh even in subsequent years
20201
12:42:13,520 --> 12:42:14,520
every time i sit for the new exam in
20202
12:42:15,436 --> 12:42:16,436
order to teach it i see that and a lot
20203
12:42:17,680 --> 12:42:18,680
of my students say they see that again
20204
12:42:19,436 --> 12:42:20,436
so we go to system
20205
12:42:21,840 --> 12:42:22,840
system settings
20206
12:42:24,240 --> 12:42:25,240
under the advanced tab under system
20207
12:42:26,160 --> 12:42:27,160
properties we go to settings under the
20208
12:42:28,320 --> 12:42:29,320
performance area
20209
12:42:30,160 --> 12:42:31,160
click advanced
20210
12:42:31,840 --> 12:42:32,840
and then there's a virtual memory area
20211
12:42:33,756 --> 12:42:34,756
okay go through that memorize that you
20212
12:42:36,160 --> 12:42:37,160
will see that i bet you you're going to
20213
12:42:38,000 --> 12:42:39,000
see that on the exam
20214
12:42:41,680 --> 12:42:42,680
finally services and we've taken a look
20215
12:42:44,160 --> 12:42:45,160
at services both in the msconfig and
20216
12:42:46,000 --> 12:42:47,000
task manager area but what services are
20217
12:42:48,560 --> 12:42:49,560
is they control particular functions
20218
12:42:50,080 --> 12:42:51,080
within windows the best thing about
20219
12:42:51,596 --> 12:42:52,596
services is while an application will
20220
12:42:53,596 --> 12:42:54,596
run only once you log into windows
20221
12:42:56,400 --> 12:42:57,400
services run as soon as windows starts
20222
12:43:00,000 --> 12:43:01,000
so stuff like printing wireless
20223
12:43:01,916 --> 12:43:02,916
networking uh all of these these
20224
12:43:04,560 --> 12:43:05,560
services start before you log into
20225
12:43:06,956 --> 12:43:07,956
windows so if i'm sitting at the login
20226
12:43:08,800 --> 12:43:09,800
screen i already have the ability
20227
12:43:10,320 --> 12:43:11,320
theoretically to print and i definitely
20228
12:43:12,080 --> 12:43:13,080
have the ability um
20229
12:43:14,240 --> 12:43:15,240
to connect to the network that's how the
20230
12:43:16,400 --> 12:43:17,400
system can authenticate my username with
20231
12:43:18,480 --> 12:43:19,480
a server
20232
12:43:20,560 --> 12:43:21,560
if a server is stopped or disabled the
20233
12:43:22,956 --> 12:43:23,956
corresponding programmer utility will
20234
12:43:24,640 --> 12:43:25,640
not run now sometimes you might see like
20235
12:43:26,320 --> 12:43:27,320
a quickbooks service if you're running
20236
12:43:27,916 --> 12:43:28,916
quickbooks which is going to help
20237
12:43:29,756 --> 12:43:30,756
quickbooks run stuff all the time or if
20238
12:43:32,160 --> 12:43:33,160
you have apple devices such as an iphone
20239
12:43:34,880 --> 12:43:35,880
running you probably have an apple
20240
12:43:36,800 --> 12:43:37,800
update service that runs in the
20241
12:43:38,400 --> 12:43:39,400
background
20242
12:43:39,596 --> 12:43:40,596
if
20243
12:43:40,640 --> 12:43:41,640
that's stopped or disabled via the
20244
12:43:42,720 --> 12:43:43,720
services menu
20245
12:43:46,000 --> 12:43:47,000
then it's not going to be able to run
20246
12:43:47,436 --> 12:43:48,436
the apple product
20247
12:43:49,520 --> 12:43:50,520
you can start or stop services in the
20248
12:43:51,680 --> 12:43:52,680
gui service console
20249
12:43:53,596 --> 12:43:54,596
which by the way
20250
12:43:56,160 --> 12:43:57,160
you can get to
20251
12:44:02,240 --> 12:44:03,240
by running this from the run prompt
20252
12:44:05,200 --> 12:44:06,200
or by going to start and search
20253
12:44:07,276 --> 12:44:08,276
the other way to do this is as you
20254
12:44:08,800 --> 12:44:09,800
notice this window looks a lot like the
20255
12:44:10,800 --> 12:44:11,800
management console so if you go to
20256
12:44:12,956 --> 12:44:13,956
manage right click on computer and go to
20257
12:44:14,560 --> 12:44:15,560
manage and you go into the service and
20258
12:44:17,200 --> 12:44:18,200
you'll see services on the left you can
20259
12:44:18,720 --> 12:44:19,720
choose services and then you can make
20260
12:44:20,400 --> 12:44:21,400
edits i'll show you that in a second
20261
12:44:23,040 --> 12:44:24,040
alternatively
20262
12:44:24,560 --> 12:44:25,560
so as i said services.msc alternatively
20263
12:44:27,116 --> 12:44:28,116
from the command prompt you can use the
20264
12:44:29,276 --> 12:44:30,276
netstart or netstop command
20265
12:44:32,080 --> 12:44:33,080
to start or stop a service
20266
12:44:34,720 --> 12:44:35,720
this can be useful especially if you
20267
12:44:36,160 --> 12:44:37,160
want to run a script or batch file that
20268
12:44:38,956 --> 12:44:39,956
occurs while the system is running you
20269
12:44:41,040 --> 12:44:42,040
can have it do something automatically
20270
12:44:42,720 --> 12:44:43,720
this gets really more involved with
20271
12:44:44,080 --> 12:44:45,080
networking
20272
12:44:45,276 --> 12:44:46,276
let's take a look at some of this
20273
12:44:47,756 --> 12:44:48,756
all right so i'm going to close out of
20274
12:44:49,680 --> 12:44:50,680
the system window we were at i'm going
20275
12:44:52,160 --> 12:44:53,160
to go to this a couple different ways
20276
12:44:53,596 --> 12:44:54,596
right click on computer go to manage
20277
12:44:55,840 --> 12:44:56,840
and now i'm in the management console
20278
12:44:57,360 --> 12:44:58,360
which we talked about and on the left
20279
12:45:01,596 --> 12:45:02,596
services and applications
20280
12:45:04,000 --> 12:45:05,000
i click on services and now i have all
20281
12:45:06,320 --> 12:45:07,320
the services that are running on the
20282
12:45:08,000 --> 12:45:09,000
computer
20283
12:45:09,436 --> 12:45:10,436
alternatively
20284
12:45:10,956 --> 12:45:11,956
i go to start and search services.msc
20285
12:45:18,480 --> 12:45:19,480
that opens the services console without
20286
12:45:20,560 --> 12:45:21,560
all the other management stuff
20287
12:45:24,240 --> 12:45:25,240
now that i'm here
20288
12:45:26,800 --> 12:45:27,800
i can see all the services and let's say
20289
12:45:28,480 --> 12:45:29,480
here's the fax
20290
12:45:29,916 --> 12:45:30,916
service
20291
12:45:30,956 --> 12:45:31,956
it's certainly set to manual so it's
20292
12:45:32,800 --> 12:45:33,800
going to start up only manually when i
20293
12:45:34,400 --> 12:45:35,400
manually start it up let's say i want to
20294
12:45:36,320 --> 12:45:37,320
start it i'll right click
20295
12:45:38,640 --> 12:45:39,640
go to start
20296
12:45:40,640 --> 12:45:41,640
and it'll try starting it
20297
12:45:42,720 --> 12:45:43,720
now
20298
12:45:43,756 --> 12:45:44,756
in this case the fax service is
20299
12:45:45,596 --> 12:45:46,596
automatically stopping because
20300
12:45:48,400 --> 12:45:49,400
it probably windows knows it doesn't
20301
12:45:50,160 --> 12:45:51,160
need to run or because i don't have a
20302
12:45:52,240 --> 12:45:53,240
modem
20303
12:45:53,596 --> 12:45:54,596
another great one is the printer spooler
20304
12:45:57,436 --> 12:45:58,436
right here it's already started if i
20305
12:45:59,840 --> 12:46:00,840
stop this i won't be able to print
20306
12:46:01,840 --> 12:46:02,840
let's right click
20307
12:46:03,520 --> 12:46:04,520
go to properties and we can see the name
20308
12:46:06,800 --> 12:46:07,800
of the service is spooler
20309
12:46:09,436 --> 12:46:10,436
now i can stop that from here
20310
12:46:13,040 --> 12:46:14,040
alternatively i could right click and go
20311
12:46:14,880 --> 12:46:15,880
to stop
20312
12:46:17,680 --> 12:46:18,680
but let's attempt to do it via the
20313
12:46:19,276 --> 12:46:20,276
command line i'm going to start i'm
20314
12:46:21,680 --> 12:46:22,680
going to right click the command prompt
20315
12:46:23,200 --> 12:46:24,200
to run it as administrator
20316
12:46:25,916 --> 12:46:26,916
because again i can't do a lot of these
20317
12:46:27,680 --> 12:46:28,680
administrative tasks from just the
20318
12:46:29,916 --> 12:46:30,916
regular mode command prompt i have to do
20319
12:46:31,360 --> 12:46:32,360
it from elevated mode something we
20320
12:46:32,956 --> 12:46:33,956
learned in the last video
20321
12:46:34,400 --> 12:46:35,400
i'm gonna do net
20322
12:46:35,756 --> 12:46:36,756
stop
20323
12:46:37,200 --> 12:46:38,200
spooler
20324
12:46:39,916 --> 12:46:40,916
and now the print spooler service is
20325
12:46:41,520 --> 12:46:42,520
stopping
20326
12:46:42,800 --> 12:46:43,800
you'll notice now if i go back to the
20327
12:46:44,080 --> 12:46:45,080
gui
20328
12:46:46,240 --> 12:46:47,240
it says it needs to be this
20329
12:46:48,640 --> 12:46:49,640
and i refresh this
20330
12:46:52,800 --> 12:46:53,800
notice the print spooler
20331
12:46:54,560 --> 12:46:55,560
is now not running i can right click on
20332
12:46:56,720 --> 12:46:57,720
it go to start
20333
12:46:58,956 --> 12:46:59,956
and now it started
20334
12:47:09,520 --> 12:47:10,520
all right so now we've talked about some
20335
12:47:11,360 --> 12:47:12,360
optimization tools including the task
20336
12:47:14,000 --> 12:47:15,000
manager
20337
12:47:15,276 --> 12:47:16,276
ms config
20338
12:47:17,040 --> 12:47:18,040
virtual memory remember you have to
20339
12:47:19,040 --> 12:47:20,040
remember that path
20340
12:47:20,400 --> 12:47:21,400
advanced
20341
12:47:21,436 --> 12:47:22,436
system properties in the advanced tab
20342
12:47:25,276 --> 12:47:26,276
a performance
20343
12:47:26,880 --> 12:47:27,880
group and then the advanced tab on there
20344
12:47:29,596 --> 12:47:30,596
which is for virtual memory and then we
20345
12:47:31,596 --> 12:47:32,596
talked about working with services and
20346
12:47:33,116 --> 12:47:34,116
how you can start and stop services not
20347
12:47:35,200 --> 12:47:36,200
just from the command prompt using the
20348
12:47:37,436 --> 12:47:38,436
net stop or net start commands but also
20349
12:47:41,276 --> 12:47:42,276
from that gui interface
20350
12:47:43,436 --> 12:47:44,436
now let's talk about power management
20351
12:47:47,680 --> 12:47:48,680
there's a power management area in the
20352
12:47:49,436 --> 12:47:50,436
control panel
20353
12:47:52,720 --> 12:47:53,720
power management is specifically useful
20354
12:47:54,320 --> 12:47:55,320
when working on laptops because
20355
12:47:55,840 --> 12:47:56,840
obviously they have the most need of
20356
12:47:57,200 --> 12:47:58,200
power management however
20357
12:47:59,276 --> 12:48:00,276
when you're even on the desktop you
20358
12:48:00,640 --> 12:48:01,640
don't want it pulling
20359
12:48:02,560 --> 12:48:03,560
pulling all the time and
20360
12:48:05,116 --> 12:48:06,116
from your power company it's going to
20361
12:48:06,320 --> 12:48:07,320
cost you money
20362
12:48:07,520 --> 12:48:08,520
so to get there we're going to start
20363
12:48:08,880 --> 12:48:09,880
control panel system security or power
20364
12:48:11,116 --> 12:48:12,116
options that's in windows 7 it might be
20365
12:48:13,596 --> 12:48:14,596
slightly different in windows xp
20366
12:48:17,200 --> 12:48:18,200
you can specify how long before the disk
20367
12:48:19,436 --> 12:48:20,436
turns off and how long before the
20368
12:48:21,680 --> 12:48:22,680
display turns off
20369
12:48:23,276 --> 12:48:24,276
now if i just turn off the display i
20370
12:48:24,956 --> 12:48:25,956
move my mouse the display pops back on
20371
12:48:27,596 --> 12:48:28,596
right away if i turn off the hard disk
20372
12:48:30,000 --> 12:48:31,000
uh
20373
12:48:31,436 --> 12:48:32,436
that's which takes more power than
20374
12:48:33,916 --> 12:48:34,916
simply a display
20375
12:48:35,520 --> 12:48:36,520
computer has to do a little more work to
20376
12:48:36,956 --> 12:48:37,956
wake up
20377
12:48:39,200 --> 12:48:40,200
i can also set other power savings
20378
12:48:40,956 --> 12:48:41,956
options for the processor the internet
20379
12:48:43,520 --> 12:48:44,520
usb pci express etc
20380
12:48:46,320 --> 12:48:47,320
because these all take power
20381
12:48:49,520 --> 12:48:50,520
you can do this by selecting a
20382
12:48:50,880 --> 12:48:51,880
pre-configured power plan
20383
12:48:53,040 --> 12:48:54,040
in this case there's balanced as you see
20384
12:48:55,116 --> 12:48:56,116
over here
20385
12:48:56,720 --> 12:48:57,720
and
20386
12:48:59,756 --> 12:49:00,756
there's also power saving
20387
12:49:01,840 --> 12:49:02,840
power saver rather which is only
20388
12:49:03,840 --> 12:49:04,840
available on laptops which is why you
20389
12:49:06,080 --> 12:49:07,080
don't see it on this one and then high
20390
12:49:07,756 --> 12:49:08,756
performance
20391
12:49:09,916 --> 12:49:10,916
okay
20392
12:49:12,400 --> 12:49:13,400
now if we go over there to windows
20393
12:49:14,400 --> 12:49:15,400
ourselves
20394
12:49:16,560 --> 12:49:17,560
let's go to the control panel
20395
12:49:22,320 --> 12:49:23,320
here's power options because we don't
20396
12:49:24,160 --> 12:49:25,160
we're not doing this in um
20397
12:49:26,640 --> 12:49:27,640
we're not in categories here we're just
20398
12:49:29,200 --> 12:49:30,200
straight in
20399
12:49:30,800 --> 12:49:31,800
classic view and i have balanced and
20400
12:49:32,800 --> 12:49:33,800
high performance right now i have high
20401
12:49:34,160 --> 12:49:35,160
performance let's say we want to change
20402
12:49:35,840 --> 12:49:36,840
those plan settings i can turn off the
20403
12:49:38,160 --> 12:49:39,160
display
20404
12:49:39,276 --> 12:49:40,276
in 10 minutes it's on battery
20405
12:49:41,596 --> 12:49:42,596
15 minutes if it's plugged in
20406
12:49:43,756 --> 12:49:44,756
i can also change advanced power
20407
12:49:45,680 --> 12:49:46,680
settings here
20408
12:49:47,116 --> 12:49:48,116
where i see the power saver option
20409
12:49:49,916 --> 12:49:50,916
i can click that and here power saver
20410
12:49:52,160 --> 12:49:53,160
gives me other options all of these in
20411
12:49:54,160 --> 12:49:55,160
the advanced tab i can check for
20412
12:49:55,840 --> 12:49:56,840
instance when i want the hard disk to
20413
12:49:57,840 --> 12:49:58,840
turn off
20414
12:50:00,000 --> 12:50:01,000
when i want the desktop background to uh
20415
12:50:03,596 --> 12:50:04,596
you know turn off or turn on a display
20416
12:50:05,596 --> 12:50:06,596
doing with the wireless adapter etc
20417
12:50:16,560 --> 12:50:17,560
i can also create my own power plan from
20418
12:50:18,400 --> 12:50:19,400
the left
20419
12:50:19,840 --> 12:50:20,840
using one of these as a cut as a
20420
12:50:21,360 --> 12:50:22,360
beginning point
20421
12:50:23,756 --> 12:50:24,756
and
20422
12:50:24,720 --> 12:50:25,720
um by going to plan name choosing my
20423
12:50:27,276 --> 12:50:28,276
plan name and then going and creating
20424
12:50:29,680 --> 12:50:30,680
all these uh the specific things i want
20425
12:50:31,840 --> 12:50:32,840
i'm not gonna go through that right now
20426
12:50:33,040 --> 12:50:34,040
you can do it on your own but you can
20427
12:50:34,480 --> 12:50:35,480
see how customizable this is
20428
12:50:44,640 --> 12:50:45,640
now let's talk about the difference in
20429
12:50:46,080 --> 12:50:47,080
standby sleep and hibernate
20430
12:50:49,200 --> 12:50:50,200
in standby or sleep the computer goes
20431
12:50:51,116 --> 12:50:52,116
into a low power mode
20432
12:50:53,520 --> 12:50:54,520
shutting off the display and the hard
20433
12:50:55,436 --> 12:50:56,436
disks
20434
12:50:56,956 --> 12:50:57,956
all the information worked on and all
20435
12:50:59,840 --> 12:51:00,840
this in the state of the computer so
20436
12:51:01,360 --> 12:51:02,360
exactly where you are on the computer
20437
12:51:03,840 --> 12:51:04,840
this is important is stored to ram
20438
12:51:06,240 --> 12:51:07,240
random access memory
20439
12:51:08,000 --> 12:51:09,000
okay
20440
12:51:08,800 --> 12:51:09,800
so
20441
12:51:09,680 --> 12:51:10,680
one thing we know about ram remember is
20442
12:51:12,000 --> 12:51:13,000
it is volatile
20443
12:51:13,596 --> 12:51:14,596
if power leaves the ram i don't have
20444
12:51:17,520 --> 12:51:18,520
my current all this information i worked
20445
12:51:19,360 --> 12:51:20,360
on it'll all go away so although the
20446
12:51:22,160 --> 12:51:23,160
computer is shutting off the display in
20447
12:51:24,160 --> 12:51:25,160
hard disks this there's still power
20448
12:51:26,480 --> 12:51:27,480
going to the computer and
20449
12:51:28,240 --> 12:51:29,240
the ram holds my current state
20450
12:51:31,116 --> 12:51:32,116
the processor still functions for
20451
12:51:32,800 --> 12:51:33,800
instance but it's throttled down using
20452
12:51:34,640 --> 12:51:35,640
less power
20453
12:51:37,436 --> 12:51:38,436
to take the computer out of standby
20454
12:51:38,956 --> 12:51:39,956
process i generally either press the
20455
12:51:42,160 --> 12:51:43,160
standby mode rather i either press the
20456
12:51:43,680 --> 12:51:44,680
power button or move the mouse and it'll
20457
12:51:46,080 --> 12:51:47,080
wake it up from sleeping
20458
12:51:51,116 --> 12:51:52,116
some laptops by the way still use a lot
20459
12:51:53,436 --> 12:51:54,436
of power in standby mode because again
20460
12:51:55,436 --> 12:51:56,436
the processor is still running
20461
12:51:58,480 --> 12:51:59,480
and in
20462
12:52:00,160 --> 12:52:01,160
windows 7 or vista it's known as sleep
20463
12:52:02,640 --> 12:52:03,640
not standby but they're the same thing
20464
12:52:04,880 --> 12:52:05,880
when we talk about standby we're talking
20465
12:52:06,160 --> 12:52:07,160
about sleep
20466
12:52:08,880 --> 12:52:09,880
hibernate is something different
20467
12:52:12,160 --> 12:52:13,160
right here
20468
12:52:14,160 --> 12:52:15,160
hibernate basically shuts down the
20469
12:52:15,840 --> 12:52:16,840
computer all the power leaves the
20470
12:52:17,360 --> 12:52:18,360
computer
20471
12:52:18,956 --> 12:52:19,956
all the data worked on however is now
20472
12:52:21,520 --> 12:52:22,520
stored to the hard drive
20473
12:52:23,680 --> 12:52:24,680
so remember
20474
12:52:25,360 --> 12:52:26,360
sleep standby it's storing it to the ram
20475
12:52:28,880 --> 12:52:29,880
and hibernate like a bear hibernating
20476
12:52:31,276 --> 12:52:32,276
for the winter it stores everything to
20477
12:52:33,116 --> 12:52:34,116
the hard drive
20478
12:52:34,640 --> 12:52:35,640
now
20479
12:52:35,436 --> 12:52:36,436
if i go to if i if a bear goes to sleep
20480
12:52:37,680 --> 12:52:38,680
and i go to wake it up it's going to
20481
12:52:39,116 --> 12:52:40,116
wake up pretty quick
20482
12:52:40,640 --> 12:52:41,640
the bear is hibernating and i go to wake
20483
12:52:42,400 --> 12:52:43,400
it up i'm guessing it's going to take a
20484
12:52:44,000 --> 12:52:45,000
lot longer to get it up and going
20485
12:52:45,916 --> 12:52:46,916
because it's probably been sleeping so
20486
12:52:47,840 --> 12:52:48,840
long it's all groggy think about
20487
12:52:49,116 --> 12:52:50,116
yourself if you're in a light sleep
20488
12:52:50,720 --> 12:52:51,720
you're napping right easy to wake up but
20489
12:52:52,956 --> 12:52:53,956
if you're hibernating it's going to take
20490
12:52:55,040 --> 12:52:56,040
a lot to get you up and going that's the
20491
12:52:57,116 --> 12:52:58,116
one metaphor i use to remember this
20492
12:52:59,276 --> 12:53:00,276
so again this is storing it to the hard
20493
12:53:01,360 --> 12:53:02,360
drive not ram like standby
20494
12:53:05,040 --> 12:53:06,040
besides shutdown
20495
12:53:06,640 --> 12:53:07,640
which shut down the computer completely
20496
12:53:08,400 --> 12:53:09,400
this is the this this consumes the least
20497
12:53:10,480 --> 12:53:11,480
amount of power again it stores
20498
12:53:12,240 --> 12:53:13,240
everything the hard drive the hard drive
20499
12:53:13,756 --> 12:53:14,756
is non-volatile meaning you can store
20500
12:53:16,560 --> 12:53:17,560
data onto this file
20501
12:53:18,400 --> 12:53:19,400
about where your system is
20502
12:53:20,560 --> 12:53:21,560
and then turn off all the power to the
20503
12:53:22,000 --> 12:53:23,000
system
20504
12:53:23,116 --> 12:53:24,116
now when i wake up from hibernate i'm
20505
12:53:25,040 --> 12:53:26,040
good to go
20506
12:53:27,040 --> 12:53:28,040
coming out of hibernation however takes
20507
12:53:28,956 --> 12:53:29,956
longer than standby because it's storing
20508
12:53:31,116 --> 12:53:32,116
to the hard drive so there is a give and
20509
12:53:32,720 --> 12:53:33,720
take here
20510
12:53:33,756 --> 12:53:34,756
now one thing is in windows 7 and vista
20511
12:53:36,560 --> 12:53:37,560
hibernate is not enabled by default and
20512
12:53:39,436 --> 12:53:40,436
so to to enable it you're going to want
20513
12:53:42,000 --> 12:53:43,000
to type this command in to the command
20514
12:53:44,400 --> 12:53:45,400
prompt from an elevated mode once again
20515
12:53:47,276 --> 12:53:48,276
knowing the difference in hibernate and
20516
12:53:48,800 --> 12:53:49,800
standby sleep definitely on the exam you
20517
12:53:50,880 --> 12:53:51,880
definitely want to commit that to memory
20518
12:53:54,480 --> 12:53:55,480
so we've just talked about power
20519
12:53:55,680 --> 12:53:56,680
management including standby sleep and
20520
12:53:57,680 --> 12:53:58,680
hibernate let's go back over everything
20521
12:53:59,680 --> 12:54:00,680
we just talked about
20522
12:54:01,436 --> 12:54:02,436
talked about operating system
20523
12:54:02,720 --> 12:54:03,720
optimization the task manager which
20524
12:54:05,116 --> 12:54:06,116
gives us a lot of options one way to get
20525
12:54:07,276 --> 12:54:08,276
to there uh control alt delete will give
20526
12:54:10,080 --> 12:54:11,080
us an option to do that
20527
12:54:12,480 --> 12:54:13,480
right we can also right click on the
20528
12:54:15,116 --> 12:54:16,116
taskbar
20529
12:54:20,240 --> 12:54:21,240
and choose it
20530
12:54:22,240 --> 12:54:23,240
we can also
20531
12:54:26,080 --> 12:54:27,080
type
20532
12:54:27,680 --> 12:54:28,680
task manager
20533
12:54:29,596 --> 12:54:30,596
in run
20534
12:54:31,200 --> 12:54:32,200
it allows us to do several things
20535
12:54:33,360 --> 12:54:34,360
including
20536
12:54:34,800 --> 12:54:35,800
check our resources
20537
12:54:37,916 --> 12:54:38,916
kill processes
20538
12:54:42,480 --> 12:54:43,480
or applications
20539
12:54:45,116 --> 12:54:46,116
we can start and stop services in real
20540
12:54:47,040 --> 12:54:48,040
time
20541
12:54:52,800 --> 12:54:53,800
all right really useful for in the
20542
12:54:55,116 --> 12:54:56,116
moment
20543
12:54:56,640 --> 12:54:57,640
troubleshooting
20544
12:54:57,916 --> 12:54:58,916
ms config is more about rebooting
20545
12:55:00,560 --> 12:55:01,560
it allows us to choose
20546
12:55:03,756 --> 12:55:04,756
upon a reboot
20547
12:55:05,360 --> 12:55:06,360
different uh boot settings
20548
12:55:08,320 --> 12:55:09,320
or boot options for instance into a
20549
12:55:10,000 --> 12:55:11,000
start mode
20550
12:55:11,756 --> 12:55:12,756
we can also choose apps
20551
12:55:14,800 --> 12:55:15,800
or services we want to run on startup
20552
12:55:21,840 --> 12:55:22,840
and it gives us a quick access to all
20553
12:55:23,520 --> 12:55:24,520
our tools
20554
12:55:25,200 --> 12:55:26,200
virtual memory that's the paging file
20555
12:55:29,116 --> 12:55:30,116
if you see paging file that's the same
20556
12:55:30,640 --> 12:55:31,640
thing as virtual memory
20557
12:55:32,400 --> 12:55:33,400
it is
20558
12:55:34,956 --> 12:55:35,956
an extension of ram
20559
12:55:38,400 --> 12:55:39,400
on the hard drive
20560
12:55:40,560 --> 12:55:41,560
or the solid state drive
20561
12:55:44,160 --> 12:55:45,160
and again
20562
12:55:46,560 --> 12:55:47,560
system properties
20563
12:55:51,116 --> 12:55:52,116
advanced tab
20564
12:55:57,596 --> 12:55:58,596
performance options and that's what gets
20565
12:55:59,520 --> 12:56:00,520
a lot of people it's under performance
20566
12:56:00,956 --> 12:56:01,956
options you think it'd be someplace else
20567
12:56:03,116 --> 12:56:04,116
finally working with services the thing
20568
12:56:05,116 --> 12:56:06,116
you're going to want to remember here is
20569
12:56:06,320 --> 12:56:07,320
services done msc alternatively you can
20570
12:56:09,520 --> 12:56:10,520
use the net stop
20571
12:56:11,756 --> 12:56:12,756
or net start commands to start or stop a
20572
12:56:14,480 --> 12:56:15,480
service
20573
12:56:15,840 --> 12:56:16,840
these run even before
20574
12:56:21,756 --> 12:56:22,756
while windows is
20575
12:56:27,360 --> 12:56:28,360
in the login screen so even before you
20576
12:56:29,596 --> 12:56:30,596
log in okay power management standby
20577
12:56:32,480 --> 12:56:33,480
sleep stores stuff to ram
20578
12:56:34,956 --> 12:56:35,956
which means it's shorter
20579
12:56:37,200 --> 12:56:38,200
wake up time
20580
12:56:40,000 --> 12:56:41,000
but
20581
12:56:41,840 --> 12:56:42,840
more power used
20582
12:56:45,596 --> 12:56:46,596
and then
20583
12:56:46,840 --> 12:56:47,840
hibernate which stores to the hard drive
20584
12:56:50,480 --> 12:56:51,480
has a longer wake up time
20585
12:56:56,560 --> 12:56:57,560
and uses less power
20586
12:57:02,320 --> 12:57:03,320
great
20587
12:57:03,596 --> 12:57:04,596
let's now that we've talked about some
20588
12:57:05,200 --> 12:57:06,200
of these tools let's get into more of
20589
12:57:07,200 --> 12:57:08,200
the nitty-gritty of using
20590
12:57:09,276 --> 12:57:10,276
troubleshooting and playing with windows
20591
12:57:12,160 --> 12:57:13,160
in the next two lessons
20592
12:57:18,520 --> 12:57:19,520
[Music]
20593
12:57:38,956 --> 12:57:39,956
windows maintenance
20594
12:57:40,640 --> 12:57:41,640
updating windows
20595
12:57:43,040 --> 12:57:44,040
as we leave optimizing windows we're
20596
12:57:45,276 --> 12:57:46,276
going to start talking about maintaining
20597
12:57:46,560 --> 12:57:47,560
it once you've optimized it and the
20598
12:57:48,480 --> 12:57:49,480
first step in doing that of course is
20599
12:57:50,240 --> 12:57:51,240
keeping it up to date
20600
12:57:52,320 --> 12:57:53,320
because the internet changes technology
20601
12:57:54,880 --> 12:57:55,880
changes windows is constantly being
20602
12:57:57,040 --> 12:57:58,040
updated and it's not just updated by
20603
12:57:59,680 --> 12:58:00,680
buying a new operating system but the
20604
12:58:01,360 --> 12:58:02,360
current operating system needs to be
20605
12:58:02,800 --> 12:58:03,800
updated with all sorts of
20606
12:58:05,360 --> 12:58:06,360
software updates in order to keep it
20607
12:58:08,320 --> 12:58:09,320
secure and running at peak
20608
12:58:10,840 --> 12:58:11,840
performance so we're going to look at
20609
12:58:12,720 --> 12:58:13,720
updating windows
20610
12:58:14,320 --> 12:58:15,320
and the windows update program
20611
12:58:16,800 --> 12:58:17,800
we'll look at critical updates and
20612
12:58:18,400 --> 12:58:19,400
service packs and what the difference is
20613
12:58:20,320 --> 12:58:21,320
between these
20614
12:58:21,840 --> 12:58:22,840
something called slip streaming which is
20615
12:58:24,240 --> 12:58:25,240
what you as a user
20616
12:58:26,480 --> 12:58:27,480
or as a administrator and microsoft do
20617
12:58:28,956 --> 12:58:29,956
once they release a very large service
20618
12:58:31,200 --> 12:58:32,200
pack of updates
20619
12:58:33,436 --> 12:58:34,436
something called the windows automated
20620
12:58:35,200 --> 12:58:36,200
installation kit which we talked about
20621
12:58:37,040 --> 12:58:38,040
briefly when we discussed installing
20622
12:58:39,360 --> 12:58:40,360
windows and we'll touch upon here and
20623
12:58:41,276 --> 12:58:42,276
how
20624
12:58:42,160 --> 12:58:43,160
it can be used in the update process
20625
12:58:45,916 --> 12:58:46,916
we'll talk about windows updates in
20626
12:58:47,596 --> 12:58:48,596
general which are slightly different
20627
12:58:49,116 --> 12:58:50,116
from critical and service pack updates
20628
12:58:52,320 --> 12:58:53,320
driver updates which are specific to
20629
12:58:56,240 --> 12:58:57,240
um hardware on your system and the
20630
12:58:58,640 --> 12:58:59,640
updates that are released for them
20631
12:59:00,560 --> 12:59:01,560
and then we'll talk briefly about patch
20632
12:59:02,640 --> 12:59:03,640
management
20633
12:59:03,840 --> 12:59:04,840
and how patches and updates are managed
20634
12:59:06,320 --> 12:59:07,320
from a
20635
12:59:07,360 --> 12:59:08,360
server
20636
12:59:08,956 --> 12:59:09,956
setting
20637
12:59:10,720 --> 12:59:11,720
first let's look at the windows update
20638
12:59:12,320 --> 12:59:13,320
program
20639
12:59:13,360 --> 12:59:14,360
so when i mean program i don't mean just
20640
12:59:16,720 --> 12:59:17,720
the sort of general sense of the word i
20641
12:59:18,720 --> 12:59:19,720
literally mean the application or
20642
12:59:20,560 --> 12:59:21,560
program that windows has in order to
20643
12:59:22,640 --> 12:59:23,640
make updating it easier
20644
12:59:24,800 --> 12:59:25,800
the system or a web page you can go to
20645
12:59:27,520 --> 12:59:28,520
which is generally update dot microsoft
20646
12:59:30,956 --> 12:59:31,956
or windows
20647
12:59:33,040 --> 12:59:34,040
dot com
20648
12:59:34,160 --> 12:59:35,160
i believe you can also replace this with
20649
12:59:36,800 --> 12:59:37,800
windows
20650
12:59:38,080 --> 12:59:39,080
automatically scans your system for
20651
12:59:39,916 --> 12:59:40,916
updates now these updates are divided
20652
12:59:42,160 --> 12:59:43,160
into several categories some of which
20653
12:59:43,840 --> 12:59:44,840
we'll look at a little more deeper
20654
12:59:45,756 --> 12:59:46,756
the first are critical updates and
20655
12:59:47,200 --> 12:59:48,200
service packs which is the name implies
20656
12:59:49,680 --> 12:59:50,680
you should
20657
12:59:51,520 --> 12:59:52,520
install as soon as possible these are
20658
12:59:53,680 --> 12:59:54,680
generally very important most of the
20659
12:59:55,680 --> 12:59:56,680
time security related or relating to the
20660
12:59:59,276 --> 13:00:00,276
stability of the operating system
20661
13:00:02,956 --> 13:00:03,956
windows updates which are more general
20662
13:00:05,276 --> 13:00:06,276
still necessary sometimes folded into a
20663
13:00:07,680 --> 13:00:08,680
service pack uh but generally make
20664
13:00:10,080 --> 13:00:11,080
windows run a little smoother or perhaps
20665
13:00:12,480 --> 13:00:13,480
add functionality that wasn't there
20666
13:00:14,000 --> 13:00:15,000
before
20667
13:00:15,360 --> 13:00:16,360
driver updates
20668
13:00:16,840 --> 13:00:17,840
specifically for updating the way the
20669
13:00:20,160 --> 13:00:21,160
operating system talks to hardware
20670
13:00:22,880 --> 13:00:23,880
installed in your computer and possibly
20671
13:00:24,720 --> 13:00:25,720
also providing uh the operating system
20672
13:00:27,520 --> 13:00:28,520
uh different capabilities in using the
20673
13:00:30,400 --> 13:00:31,400
hardware
20674
13:00:32,080 --> 13:00:33,080
and to install additional updates
20675
13:00:33,520 --> 13:00:34,520
through windows update you can also what
20676
13:00:36,080 --> 13:00:37,080
you can do is click start all programs
20677
13:00:38,320 --> 13:00:39,320
windows update and that will bring
20678
13:00:40,320 --> 13:00:41,320
this up alternatively you can go to the
20679
13:00:42,000 --> 13:00:43,000
control panel
20680
13:00:43,756 --> 13:00:44,756
system security and windows updates and
20681
13:00:45,596 --> 13:00:46,596
that'll take you to the same place
20682
13:00:49,520 --> 13:00:50,520
you can also turn on automatic updates
20683
13:00:52,560 --> 13:00:53,560
so that updates happen automatically
20684
13:00:54,560 --> 13:00:55,560
let's take a look at this program
20685
13:00:57,040 --> 13:00:58,040
if we're here i'm going to go ahead and
20686
13:00:58,800 --> 13:00:59,800
search for windows update
20687
13:01:01,436 --> 13:01:02,436
again you can always update um
20688
13:01:04,160 --> 13:01:05,160
reach a program simply by searching it
20689
13:01:05,756 --> 13:01:06,756
thanks to vista and
20690
13:01:07,596 --> 13:01:08,596
uh
20691
13:01:08,480 --> 13:01:09,480
7 and indexing
20692
13:01:10,480 --> 13:01:11,480
so you can see right now there is one
20693
13:01:12,080 --> 13:01:13,080
important update that is currently
20694
13:01:13,680 --> 13:01:14,680
selected that
20695
13:01:14,880 --> 13:01:15,880
my computer wants me to run and if i
20696
13:01:17,436 --> 13:01:18,436
click on this
20697
13:01:18,720 --> 13:01:19,720
it'll tell me what that update is it's
20698
13:01:21,040 --> 13:01:22,040
an update to the windows malicious
20699
13:01:22,720 --> 13:01:23,720
software removal tool and it'll tell me
20700
13:01:24,800 --> 13:01:25,800
some information
20701
13:01:26,320 --> 13:01:27,320
there are also several optional windows
20702
13:01:28,480 --> 13:01:29,480
updates this would be more of a critical
20703
13:01:30,320 --> 13:01:31,320
update and these are what are called
20704
13:01:31,916 --> 13:01:32,916
windows updates so i could update these
20705
13:01:34,160 --> 13:01:35,160
if i wanted to however they're not
20706
13:01:35,840 --> 13:01:36,840
critical and not necessary
20707
13:01:39,916 --> 13:01:40,916
now i can also change update settings by
20708
13:01:42,400 --> 13:01:43,400
clicking change settings and here
20709
13:01:44,720 --> 13:01:45,720
you can see it's it's automatically set
20710
13:01:46,720 --> 13:01:47,720
to install updates automatically every
20711
13:01:49,116 --> 13:01:50,116
day at 3am now i set it to 3am because
20712
13:01:52,160 --> 13:01:53,160
that's when the computer is on and this
20713
13:01:54,000 --> 13:01:55,000
is why in a
20714
13:01:56,080 --> 13:01:57,080
corporate setting we always leave our
20715
13:01:57,276 --> 13:01:58,276
computers on we don't shut them off
20716
13:01:58,720 --> 13:01:59,720
because updates generally occur at night
20717
13:02:01,276 --> 13:02:02,276
and it's going to happen at 3am when
20718
13:02:02,956 --> 13:02:03,956
hopefully no one is using the computer
20719
13:02:05,680 --> 13:02:06,680
i have several other options that we'll
20720
13:02:07,360 --> 13:02:08,360
talk about next
20721
13:02:13,680 --> 13:02:14,680
so
20722
13:02:14,480 --> 13:02:15,480
if my system is in need of updates and
20723
13:02:16,880 --> 13:02:17,880
if automatic updates is running
20724
13:02:20,240 --> 13:02:21,240
a shield will appear in the system tray
20725
13:02:23,680 --> 13:02:24,680
and if i double click
20726
13:02:25,916 --> 13:02:26,916
that shield it'll bring up the security
20727
13:02:28,080 --> 13:02:29,080
center window
20728
13:02:29,360 --> 13:02:30,360
the action panel and that'll allow me as
20729
13:02:32,560 --> 13:02:33,560
we just saw to turn on automatic updates
20730
13:02:35,840 --> 13:02:36,840
which will automatic which i have
20731
13:02:37,520 --> 13:02:38,520
several options one is to automatically
20732
13:02:39,436 --> 13:02:40,436
install download install the updates
20733
13:02:41,596 --> 13:02:42,596
download but not install the updates and
20734
13:02:44,080 --> 13:02:45,080
then do neither now the reason i'd want
20735
13:02:46,320 --> 13:02:47,320
them to be automatically downloaded
20736
13:02:47,756 --> 13:02:48,756
installed is if i don't want to worry
20737
13:02:48,956 --> 13:02:49,956
about it i want the system to download
20738
13:02:51,040 --> 13:02:52,040
these updates and then install them i
20739
13:02:52,720 --> 13:02:53,720
might want them to be downloaded so i
20740
13:02:54,080 --> 13:02:55,080
have them ready to install but i don't
20741
13:02:56,320 --> 13:02:57,320
want the system to install them in this
20742
13:02:59,436 --> 13:03:00,436
case probably because
20743
13:03:01,756 --> 13:03:02,756
i have
20744
13:03:03,520 --> 13:03:04,520
you know some concern that microsoft
20745
13:03:05,520 --> 13:03:06,520
might release a buggy update and so i
20746
13:03:07,360 --> 13:03:08,360
want to do some vetting before i install
20747
13:03:09,596 --> 13:03:10,596
it finally i can have it do neither only
20748
13:03:11,680 --> 13:03:12,680
act on my
20749
13:03:14,080 --> 13:03:15,080
when i want to
20750
13:03:15,680 --> 13:03:16,680
have these updates running so we go back
20751
13:03:17,756 --> 13:03:18,756
into windows
20752
13:03:19,040 --> 13:03:20,040
you can see here are my different
20753
13:03:20,480 --> 13:03:21,480
options install updates automatically
20754
13:03:22,720 --> 13:03:23,720
never check for updates obviously not
20755
13:03:24,480 --> 13:03:25,480
recommended
20756
13:03:25,520 --> 13:03:26,520
check for updates but let me choose
20757
13:03:27,116 --> 13:03:28,116
whether or not to install them
20758
13:03:29,360 --> 13:03:30,360
and then download updates but let me
20759
13:03:31,200 --> 13:03:32,200
choose to install them so they'll be
20760
13:03:32,800 --> 13:03:33,800
downloaded on the system but not
20761
13:03:34,160 --> 13:03:35,160
installed
20762
13:03:35,200 --> 13:03:36,200
i generally would recommend this one as
20763
13:03:37,200 --> 13:03:38,200
long as you're going to be proactive
20764
13:03:38,560 --> 13:03:39,560
about checking
20765
13:03:39,756 --> 13:03:40,756
otherwise you generally want this one on
20766
13:03:42,240 --> 13:03:43,240
so that way you are up to date
20767
13:03:44,480 --> 13:03:45,480
the danger of updates is once the update
20768
13:03:46,720 --> 13:03:47,720
is
20769
13:03:47,520 --> 13:03:48,520
released
20770
13:03:49,200 --> 13:03:50,200
and if it is a security update
20771
13:03:51,360 --> 13:03:52,360
anyone who's hacking windows systems or
20772
13:03:54,560 --> 13:03:55,560
has malicious intents
20773
13:03:57,276 --> 13:03:58,276
then knows what the security flaws are
20774
13:03:59,360 --> 13:04:00,360
and unless you update immediately you'll
20775
13:04:01,040 --> 13:04:02,040
be vulnerable to those security flaws
20776
13:04:03,200 --> 13:04:04,200
which is how actually they generally
20777
13:04:06,956 --> 13:04:07,956
get into a system
20778
13:04:09,680 --> 13:04:10,680
i can also view my update history from
20779
13:04:11,360 --> 13:04:12,360
here which will show me all the updates
20780
13:04:13,436 --> 13:04:14,436
and if it
20781
13:04:14,560 --> 13:04:15,560
how important it was and um whether the
20782
13:04:17,596 --> 13:04:18,596
status was successful or not successful
20783
13:04:19,840 --> 13:04:20,840
for instance here we can see there was a
20784
13:04:21,916 --> 13:04:22,916
failed uh update on the 13th of january
20785
13:04:28,000 --> 13:04:29,000
this is important also because if i
20786
13:04:29,756 --> 13:04:30,756
start having errors with my system after
20787
13:04:31,756 --> 13:04:32,756
i run a certain update i can go here and
20788
13:04:33,680 --> 13:04:34,680
check what update that might have been
20789
13:04:35,436 --> 13:04:36,436
so for instance on the 25th that update
20790
13:04:37,520 --> 13:04:38,520
was installed
20791
13:04:38,800 --> 13:04:39,800
if i had just installed that update
20792
13:04:42,240 --> 13:04:43,240
uh and suddenly my computer was having
20793
13:04:44,400 --> 13:04:45,400
problems now i know that it might have
20794
13:04:45,756 --> 13:04:46,756
been caused by the update and
20795
13:04:50,080 --> 13:04:51,080
i can
20796
13:04:51,436 --> 13:04:52,436
roll back my system
20797
13:04:54,720 --> 13:04:55,720
by uninstalling a certain update
20798
13:04:59,116 --> 13:05:00,116
generally through the uninstall tab
20799
13:05:02,320 --> 13:05:03,320
here
20800
13:05:05,756 --> 13:05:06,756
so here i could uninstall certain
20801
13:05:07,276 --> 13:05:08,276
updates particularly ones that are
20802
13:05:08,560 --> 13:05:09,560
causing me problems
20803
13:05:10,000 --> 13:05:11,000
now notice at the bottom
20804
13:05:12,400 --> 13:05:13,400
the shield pops up as well telling me
20805
13:05:14,320 --> 13:05:15,320
that there are new updates available
20806
13:05:16,400 --> 13:05:17,400
i can click on this it brings me to the
20807
13:05:17,840 --> 13:05:18,840
same exact security
20808
13:05:19,840 --> 13:05:20,840
window where now i can choose to install
20809
13:05:22,080 --> 13:05:23,080
the update i'm not going to do that now
20810
13:05:23,840 --> 13:05:24,840
because it might cause my computer to
20811
13:05:25,436 --> 13:05:26,436
restart
20812
13:05:31,680 --> 13:05:32,680
so there are several different update
20813
13:05:33,116 --> 13:05:34,116
types that we mentioned
20814
13:05:34,560 --> 13:05:35,560
critical updates and service packs
20815
13:05:37,116 --> 13:05:38,116
critical updates are ones that are
20816
13:05:38,320 --> 13:05:39,320
necessary and service packs are bundled
20817
13:05:41,116 --> 13:05:42,116
updates with all
20818
13:05:42,800 --> 13:05:43,800
a lot of different updates generally a
20819
13:05:44,720 --> 13:05:45,720
major upgrade to the sys to the windows
20820
13:05:46,720 --> 13:05:47,720
operating system
20821
13:05:48,400 --> 13:05:49,400
these can be for security and for
20822
13:05:50,480 --> 13:05:51,480
stability
20823
13:05:51,840 --> 13:05:52,840
and some must be installed individually
20824
13:05:54,640 --> 13:05:55,640
so sometimes i have to install the
20825
13:05:56,400 --> 13:05:57,400
service pack aside from all the critical
20826
13:05:58,320 --> 13:05:59,320
updates
20827
13:05:59,520 --> 13:06:00,520
sometimes the best thing about a service
20828
13:06:00,956 --> 13:06:01,956
pack is it includes 100 critical updates
20829
13:06:03,360 --> 13:06:04,360
so instead of having to download and
20830
13:06:04,880 --> 13:06:05,880
install 100 updates i just download a
20831
13:06:06,800 --> 13:06:07,800
service pack
20832
13:06:08,640 --> 13:06:09,640
there are also windows updates and these
20833
13:06:10,880 --> 13:06:11,880
are recommended updates to fix
20834
13:06:13,360 --> 13:06:14,360
non-critical problems
20835
13:06:15,436 --> 13:06:16,436
for instance to make something run
20836
13:06:16,720 --> 13:06:17,720
smoother or there might be an error with
20837
13:06:18,560 --> 13:06:19,560
a specific
20838
13:06:20,080 --> 13:06:21,080
card or some features or updates that i
20839
13:06:22,480 --> 13:06:23,480
want to add into windows operating
20840
13:06:24,560 --> 13:06:25,560
system
20841
13:06:25,756 --> 13:06:26,756
finally driver updates are updated
20842
13:06:28,320 --> 13:06:29,320
device drivers for installed hardware
20843
13:06:30,320 --> 13:06:31,320
say my sound card or my video card
20844
13:06:32,800 --> 13:06:33,800
perhaps even my
20845
13:06:34,480 --> 13:06:35,480
internet my network card
20846
13:06:38,080 --> 13:06:39,080
service packs are a group of updates bug
20847
13:06:40,480 --> 13:06:41,480
fixes updated drivers and security fixes
20848
13:06:43,116 --> 13:06:44,116
basically all of the above bundled into
20849
13:06:45,756 --> 13:06:46,756
one large update
20850
13:06:47,596 --> 13:06:48,596
here on the system information page you
20851
13:06:49,360 --> 13:06:50,360
can see it tells you what version of
20852
13:06:52,320 --> 13:06:53,320
windows you're running and also what
20853
13:06:53,680 --> 13:06:54,680
service pack you have so we currently
20854
13:06:55,916 --> 13:06:56,916
have windows 7 professional service pack
20855
13:06:58,560 --> 13:06:59,560
one which is how this might be marketed
20856
13:07:02,160 --> 13:07:03,160
they're installed from one large
20857
13:07:04,160 --> 13:07:05,160
downloadable package which generally has
20858
13:07:05,756 --> 13:07:06,756
to be downloaded and installed separate
20859
13:07:07,360 --> 13:07:08,360
from the other updates
20860
13:07:08,956 --> 13:07:09,956
and they are numbered
20861
13:07:10,560 --> 13:07:11,560
one two three etc by the time we get to
20862
13:07:13,116 --> 13:07:14,116
service pack three and four we're
20863
13:07:14,240 --> 13:07:15,240
generally ready for a new operating
20864
13:07:15,756 --> 13:07:16,756
system
20865
13:07:16,800 --> 13:07:17,800
installing is relatively easy
20866
13:07:19,200 --> 13:07:20,200
and while the service pack is installed
20867
13:07:22,400 --> 13:07:23,400
it will rewrite many files and copies
20868
13:07:24,560 --> 13:07:25,560
new ones to the hard drive just like a
20869
13:07:27,276 --> 13:07:28,276
windows installation does
20870
13:07:29,596 --> 13:07:30,596
many service packs are cumulative and
20871
13:07:31,360 --> 13:07:32,360
contain previous service packs as well
20872
13:07:33,436 --> 13:07:34,436
so sometimes you only need to download
20873
13:07:35,116 --> 13:07:36,116
service pack 2 and that includes service
20874
13:07:37,116 --> 13:07:38,116
pack 1 and all the changes in it
20875
13:07:38,956 --> 13:07:39,956
sometimes this is not always the case
20876
13:07:43,756 --> 13:07:44,756
now slip slip streaming is when a
20877
13:07:46,720 --> 13:07:47,720
service pack is incorporated into the
20878
13:07:48,880 --> 13:07:49,880
operating system distribution on dvd cd
20879
13:07:51,520 --> 13:07:52,520
or even by download this enables users
20880
13:07:54,240 --> 13:07:55,240
to install the operating system and the
20881
13:07:56,400 --> 13:07:57,400
service pack at the same time so if you
20882
13:07:58,720 --> 13:07:59,720
go to the microsoft website and want to
20883
13:08:00,720 --> 13:08:01,720
download windows 7 you also have the
20884
13:08:02,720 --> 13:08:03,720
option to download windows 7 with
20885
13:08:04,560 --> 13:08:05,560
service pack 1.
20886
13:08:06,880 --> 13:08:07,880
once the service pack or sp is released
20887
13:08:09,436 --> 13:08:10,436
microsoft usually slip streams them
20888
13:08:12,000 --> 13:08:13,000
automatically
20889
13:08:13,276 --> 13:08:14,276
so that way you don't have to worry
20890
13:08:15,116 --> 13:08:16,116
about getting the latest up-to-date
20891
13:08:16,880 --> 13:08:17,880
version when you buy it in the store or
20892
13:08:19,040 --> 13:08:20,040
download it off the internet
20893
13:08:22,400 --> 13:08:23,400
now there's also something called the
20894
13:08:23,520 --> 13:08:24,520
windows automated installation kit which
20895
13:08:25,436 --> 13:08:26,436
as we looked at was really good for
20896
13:08:27,276 --> 13:08:28,276
rollouts of
20897
13:08:29,040 --> 13:08:30,040
windows into large systems especially
20898
13:08:30,880 --> 13:08:31,880
when you're upgrading it also allows
20899
13:08:32,880 --> 13:08:33,880
system administrators to create slip
20900
13:08:35,040 --> 13:08:36,040
streamed images what we just talked
20901
13:08:36,720 --> 13:08:37,720
about of the operating system in the
20902
13:08:38,480 --> 13:08:39,480
service pack so for instance if i
20903
13:08:40,720 --> 13:08:41,720
download the operating system and then i
20904
13:08:42,640 --> 13:08:43,640
install the service pack and several
20905
13:08:44,320 --> 13:08:45,320
updates
20906
13:08:45,276 --> 13:08:46,276
i can use the windows automated
20907
13:08:46,956 --> 13:08:47,956
installation kit also known as the aik
20908
13:08:50,720 --> 13:08:51,720
to do a large roll out of this operating
20909
13:08:53,916 --> 13:08:54,916
system and of the service pack together
20910
13:08:56,880 --> 13:08:57,880
as i mentioned this is also called the
20911
13:08:58,480 --> 13:08:59,480
aik so if you do see this on the exam
20912
13:09:01,840 --> 13:09:02,840
that might be what it's referenced
20913
13:09:05,200 --> 13:09:06,200
finally patch management is the patching
20914
13:09:07,680 --> 13:09:08,680
of many systems from a central location
20915
13:09:10,560 --> 13:09:11,560
it's generally useful useful in large
20916
13:09:12,480 --> 13:09:13,480
companies networks and enterprises
20917
13:09:15,040 --> 13:09:16,040
and it allows for testing before wide
20918
13:09:17,360 --> 13:09:18,360
release generally what you do is if i
20919
13:09:19,596 --> 13:09:20,596
have a patch management policy i don't
20920
13:09:22,320 --> 13:09:23,320
let each individual computer update
20921
13:09:24,956 --> 13:09:25,956
patches on their own instead i have a
20922
13:09:27,436 --> 13:09:28,436
centralized server
20923
13:09:29,116 --> 13:09:30,116
just like in any server setting
20924
13:09:31,116 --> 13:09:32,116
that's
20925
13:09:32,160 --> 13:09:33,160
a patch server and what it does is
20926
13:09:36,880 --> 13:09:37,880
it can deploy patches
20927
13:09:40,000 --> 13:09:41,000
to all the computers on the network
20928
13:09:41,916 --> 13:09:42,916
sometimes what i'll have is a separate
20929
13:09:43,436 --> 13:09:44,436
computer that i can test all my patches
20930
13:09:46,080 --> 13:09:47,080
on before rolling them out to all the
20931
13:09:48,956 --> 13:09:49,956
other users
20932
13:09:50,320 --> 13:09:51,320
i would hate for one patch to have a
20933
13:09:52,560 --> 13:09:53,560
major issue sometimes microsoft releases
20934
13:09:54,880 --> 13:09:55,880
them hastily and if they had a major
20935
13:09:57,276 --> 13:09:58,276
issue and suddenly compromised all of my
20936
13:09:59,680 --> 13:10:00,680
systems that would be a major problem
20937
13:10:01,916 --> 13:10:02,916
however if i test it on one system and
20938
13:10:03,596 --> 13:10:04,596
notice that it's a problem i have now
20939
13:10:05,756 --> 13:10:06,756
spared the rest of my network
20940
13:10:08,080 --> 13:10:09,080
the
20941
13:10:09,436 --> 13:10:10,436
pain of a massive rollout and massive
20942
13:10:12,320 --> 13:10:13,320
failure
20943
13:10:14,240 --> 13:10:15,240
it also allows updates to be pushed out
20944
13:10:16,160 --> 13:10:17,160
to multiple clients
20945
13:10:17,840 --> 13:10:18,840
generally through something called the
20946
13:10:19,276 --> 13:10:20,276
system center configuration manager you
20947
13:10:22,400 --> 13:10:23,400
don't need to know the name of that but
20948
13:10:24,000 --> 13:10:25,000
that is basically what patch management
20949
13:10:26,956 --> 13:10:27,956
services use on a server in order to
20950
13:10:29,840 --> 13:10:30,840
control all these patches
20951
13:10:32,000 --> 13:10:33,000
this is also called uh in a previous
20952
13:10:34,480 --> 13:10:35,480
version sms or the systems management
20953
13:10:36,956 --> 13:10:37,956
server so if you see sms 2003 or sccm
20954
13:10:40,956 --> 13:10:41,956
those are the later versions all uh
20955
13:10:43,840 --> 13:10:44,840
the software you install on a server
20956
13:10:46,160 --> 13:10:47,160
computer to manage patches through an
20957
13:10:48,320 --> 13:10:49,320
enterprise
20958
13:10:50,640 --> 13:10:51,640
there's also something called the
20959
13:10:51,840 --> 13:10:52,840
windows server update services program
20960
13:10:54,160 --> 13:10:55,160
all of these uh you might want to just
20961
13:10:56,560 --> 13:10:57,560
recognize the anagram
20962
13:10:59,200 --> 13:11:00,200
the uh
20963
13:11:00,880 --> 13:11:01,880
the letters here
20964
13:11:02,560 --> 13:11:03,560
so that way you know that these are all
20965
13:11:04,640 --> 13:11:05,640
relating
20966
13:11:07,916 --> 13:11:08,916
specifically to patch management which
20967
13:11:09,916 --> 13:11:10,916
is how they'll be brought up on the exam
20968
13:11:13,756 --> 13:11:14,756
okay so now we've talked about windows
20969
13:11:15,840 --> 13:11:16,840
update in the windows update program we
20970
13:11:18,000 --> 13:11:19,000
looked at it on windows we also talked
20971
13:11:20,240 --> 13:11:21,240
about the difference between critical
20972
13:11:21,840 --> 13:11:22,840
updates and servers packs specifically
20973
13:11:24,160 --> 13:11:25,160
how service packs and updates can be
20974
13:11:25,916 --> 13:11:26,916
slip streamed into an operating system
20975
13:11:28,320 --> 13:11:29,320
image
20976
13:11:29,200 --> 13:11:30,200
uh and
20977
13:11:30,560 --> 13:11:31,560
can be done using the windows automated
20978
13:11:32,560 --> 13:11:33,560
installation kit especially for
20979
13:11:34,480 --> 13:11:35,480
administrators
20980
13:11:35,840 --> 13:11:36,840
we looked also at windows updates which
20981
13:11:37,596 --> 13:11:38,596
are add functionality to windows but
20982
13:11:39,436 --> 13:11:40,436
aren't as critical and driver updates
20983
13:11:41,520 --> 13:11:42,520
which are specifically for installed
20984
13:11:42,956 --> 13:11:43,956
hardware then we talked about
20985
13:11:44,800 --> 13:11:45,800
centralized patch management
20986
13:11:47,916 --> 13:11:48,916
so having talked about like this let's
20987
13:11:50,560 --> 13:11:51,560
continue on talking about maintaining
20988
13:11:52,800 --> 13:11:53,800
windows
20989
13:11:56,690 --> 13:11:57,690
[Music]
20990
13:12:16,956 --> 13:12:17,956
windows maintenance hard disk utilities
20991
13:12:21,276 --> 13:12:22,276
just like anything the hard drive after
20992
13:12:23,680 --> 13:12:24,680
a lot of use
20993
13:12:24,956 --> 13:12:25,956
becomes sometimes corrupted sometimes
20994
13:12:27,436 --> 13:12:28,436
just begins to run slower so let's take
20995
13:12:29,520 --> 13:12:30,520
a look at some of the utilities within
20996
13:12:31,840 --> 13:12:32,840
windows that provide for maintenance
20997
13:12:33,596 --> 13:12:34,596
specifically of the hard disk
20998
13:12:36,720 --> 13:12:37,720
so the hard disk utilities we'll look at
20999
13:12:38,480 --> 13:12:39,480
here are temporary files
21000
13:12:41,436 --> 13:12:42,436
which is not so much a utility as a type
21001
13:12:43,436 --> 13:12:44,436
of file that we can remove
21002
13:12:46,080 --> 13:12:47,080
in order to free up some space on the
21003
13:12:47,756 --> 13:12:48,756
computer we'll talk about what those are
21004
13:12:49,276 --> 13:12:50,276
and where to find them the disk cleanup
21005
13:12:51,436 --> 13:12:52,436
utility which allows you to remove
21006
13:12:52,956 --> 13:12:53,956
temporary files along with a lot of
21007
13:12:54,720 --> 13:12:55,720
other types of files
21008
13:12:56,956 --> 13:12:57,956
the check disk utility specifically for
21009
13:12:59,596 --> 13:13:00,596
checking errors on the hard disk
21010
13:13:02,480 --> 13:13:03,480
the system file checker which like check
21011
13:13:04,956 --> 13:13:05,956
disk checks files and the hard disk
21012
13:13:07,680 --> 13:13:08,680
sectors but in specific relation to
21013
13:13:10,240 --> 13:13:11,240
system files that are corresponding to
21014
13:13:12,400 --> 13:13:13,400
windows
21015
13:13:14,320 --> 13:13:15,320
finally we'll look at the disk
21016
13:13:15,596 --> 13:13:16,596
defragmenter something that many of you
21017
13:13:17,840 --> 13:13:18,840
have probably heard of if you've ever
21018
13:13:19,116 --> 13:13:20,116
used a computer before and we'll just
21019
13:13:20,880 --> 13:13:21,880
clarify what that is and how to do it
21020
13:13:24,720 --> 13:13:25,720
so first temporary files
21021
13:13:27,276 --> 13:13:28,276
these as the name implies are files that
21022
13:13:29,200 --> 13:13:30,200
are temporarily created by programs for
21023
13:13:32,240 --> 13:13:33,240
a variety of purposes for instance
21024
13:13:34,160 --> 13:13:35,160
during installation the file uh that's
21025
13:13:37,200 --> 13:13:38,200
the installation file needs to have a
21026
13:13:39,276 --> 13:13:40,276
place to put all the all the files it's
21027
13:13:41,520 --> 13:13:42,520
using during the installation but it
21028
13:13:43,436 --> 13:13:44,436
doesn't actually need them so it throws
21029
13:13:44,880 --> 13:13:45,880
them into what's called the temporary
21030
13:13:46,320 --> 13:13:47,320
file uh folder rather and then it sort
21031
13:13:49,596 --> 13:13:50,596
of leaves them there
21032
13:13:52,160 --> 13:13:53,160
so as a result these temporary files and
21033
13:13:54,480 --> 13:13:55,480
other older files can clog up your hard
21034
13:13:56,480 --> 13:13:57,480
disk
21035
13:13:57,360 --> 13:13:58,360
if you want to view and manually delete
21036
13:13:59,756 --> 13:14:00,756
your default temporary files you can
21037
13:14:01,840 --> 13:14:02,840
either go to a search or go to run and
21038
13:14:04,320 --> 13:14:05,320
type in
21039
13:14:05,436 --> 13:14:06,436
temp with
21040
13:14:06,880 --> 13:14:07,880
the two
21041
13:14:08,240 --> 13:14:09,240
percentage marks on either side
21042
13:14:10,400 --> 13:14:11,400
the reason these these percentage marks
21043
13:14:12,160 --> 13:14:13,160
exist and we see them in a lot of
21044
13:14:13,680 --> 13:14:14,680
different contexts actually is that
21045
13:14:17,276 --> 13:14:18,276
this will take you to the temporary
21046
13:14:19,040 --> 13:14:20,040
folder of whatever the user who's
21047
13:14:21,360 --> 13:14:22,360
currently on the system is and this is a
21048
13:14:23,200 --> 13:14:24,200
shortcut that the system recognizes so
21049
13:14:25,840 --> 13:14:26,840
that you don't have to know the exact
21050
13:14:27,756 --> 13:14:28,756
location and just to show you that it
21051
13:14:29,680 --> 13:14:30,680
actually
21052
13:14:31,840 --> 13:14:32,840
if we go into windows
21053
13:14:33,916 --> 13:14:34,916
and i go to search
21054
13:14:35,276 --> 13:14:36,276
and search for temp
21055
13:14:36,880 --> 13:14:37,880
with the percentage marks on either side
21056
13:14:39,276 --> 13:14:40,276
you'll see it actually brings up my
21057
13:14:41,040 --> 13:14:42,040
personal temporary file
21058
13:14:43,116 --> 13:14:44,116
folder rather and in here then i could
21059
13:14:44,956 --> 13:14:45,956
go and delete
21060
13:14:48,880 --> 13:14:49,880
all of these files hence freeing up a
21061
13:14:50,956 --> 13:14:51,956
little bit of space now just like this
21062
13:14:53,040 --> 13:14:54,040
there might be certain files that can't
21063
13:14:54,880 --> 13:14:55,880
be removed because they're currently
21064
13:14:56,720 --> 13:14:57,720
used and that's fine in that case you
21065
13:14:59,116 --> 13:15:00,116
can simply skip those
21066
13:15:02,480 --> 13:15:03,480
now there are also temporary internet
21067
13:15:04,720 --> 13:15:05,720
files that are created these are while
21068
13:15:07,680 --> 13:15:08,680
you browse the browser actually has
21069
13:15:10,480 --> 13:15:11,480
temporary files that it saves to your
21070
13:15:12,080 --> 13:15:13,080
computer in order to make the experience
21071
13:15:13,916 --> 13:15:14,916
a little smoother for instance if you go
21072
13:15:16,000 --> 13:15:17,000
to the same site a lot it's probably
21073
13:15:17,596 --> 13:15:18,596
going to save some of the images and
21074
13:15:19,596 --> 13:15:20,596
perhaps even some of the text on that
21075
13:15:21,200 --> 13:15:22,200
page so that way it doesn't have to go
21076
13:15:22,800 --> 13:15:23,800
to the internet every single time this
21077
13:15:24,720 --> 13:15:25,720
helps speed things up for you and make
21078
13:15:26,400 --> 13:15:27,400
things a little smoother
21079
13:15:28,400 --> 13:15:29,400
to remove temporary internet files and
21080
13:15:30,880 --> 13:15:31,880
cookies which are files placed on your
21081
13:15:33,276 --> 13:15:34,276
computer by a
21082
13:15:35,116 --> 13:15:36,116
a website in order to make your user
21083
13:15:37,276 --> 13:15:38,276
experience a little better for instance
21084
13:15:38,800 --> 13:15:39,800
if you go to amazon it says hi josh or
21085
13:15:41,520 --> 13:15:42,520
hi you
21086
13:15:42,400 --> 13:15:43,400
or if you go to another site it
21087
13:15:43,436 --> 13:15:44,436
recognizes who you are this is done
21088
13:15:45,116 --> 13:15:46,116
through the use of cookies to remove
21089
13:15:46,800 --> 13:15:47,800
these you go to the internet properties
21090
13:15:48,880 --> 13:15:49,880
which can be accessed by going to start
21091
13:15:51,116 --> 13:15:52,116
control panel internet options and then
21092
13:15:53,596 --> 13:15:54,596
checking the browser history section
21093
13:15:56,320 --> 13:15:57,320
which is
21094
13:15:57,436 --> 13:15:58,436
right here
21095
13:15:58,800 --> 13:15:59,800
if you go to delete uh that'll
21096
13:16:00,720 --> 13:16:01,720
automatically delete all of the current
21097
13:16:02,800 --> 13:16:03,800
ish um current files you can also select
21098
13:16:05,200 --> 13:16:06,200
this check box right here which will
21099
13:16:07,116 --> 13:16:08,116
delete browsing history upon exit when
21100
13:16:09,360 --> 13:16:10,360
you leave the of the browser just to
21101
13:16:11,916 --> 13:16:12,916
show you how that works
21102
13:16:15,200 --> 13:16:16,200
if we go to our control panel
21103
13:16:21,596 --> 13:16:22,596
we select internet options
21104
13:16:24,720 --> 13:16:25,720
this will bring up the internet options
21105
13:16:26,160 --> 13:16:27,160
panel and we could then delete our
21106
13:16:28,480 --> 13:16:29,480
browsing history we could also go into
21107
13:16:30,160 --> 13:16:31,160
settings and have it always delete
21108
13:16:33,360 --> 13:16:34,360
new files or determine how much it's
21109
13:16:36,160 --> 13:16:37,160
going to designate in this case it's
21110
13:16:38,320 --> 13:16:39,320
designating 239 megabytes to
21111
13:16:41,756 --> 13:16:42,756
temporary files
21112
13:16:43,680 --> 13:16:44,680
in case this looks familiar
21113
13:16:47,840 --> 13:16:48,840
we can actually also get here
21114
13:16:52,720 --> 13:16:53,720
by going to
21115
13:16:55,596 --> 13:16:56,596
the internet options straight from
21116
13:16:57,596 --> 13:16:58,596
internet explorer
21117
13:17:00,740 --> 13:17:01,740
[Music]
21118
13:17:10,480 --> 13:17:11,480
this offers the option to remove a
21119
13:17:11,916 --> 13:17:12,916
variety of information and not just the
21120
13:17:14,000 --> 13:17:15,000
not just temporary files but also
21121
13:17:15,436 --> 13:17:16,436
cookies your history etc all things that
21122
13:17:17,840 --> 13:17:18,840
can
21123
13:17:18,560 --> 13:17:19,560
clog up
21124
13:17:19,680 --> 13:17:20,680
your internet temporary files
21125
13:17:23,116 --> 13:17:24,116
the disk cleanup utility is built into
21126
13:17:25,276 --> 13:17:26,276
windows and it's specifically for
21127
13:17:26,956 --> 13:17:27,956
cleaning up space in the disk
21128
13:17:28,320 --> 13:17:29,320
particularly when you're really low on
21129
13:17:30,000 --> 13:17:31,000
space
21130
13:17:30,956 --> 13:17:31,956
you can select which volume you want to
21131
13:17:33,040 --> 13:17:34,040
clean up in this case it's cleaning up
21132
13:17:35,436 --> 13:17:36,436
volume c and it'll tell you how much
21133
13:17:37,596 --> 13:17:38,596
space it can reclaim in this case not a
21134
13:17:39,596 --> 13:17:40,596
lot only
21135
13:17:40,680 --> 13:17:41,680
2.06 megabytes
21136
13:17:43,276 --> 13:17:44,276
it not only calculates that based on the
21137
13:17:45,756 --> 13:17:46,756
files that are checked
21138
13:17:47,360 --> 13:17:48,360
so in this case it's going to remove
21139
13:17:49,040 --> 13:17:50,040
downloaded program files and temporary
21140
13:17:50,956 --> 13:17:51,956
internet files but i could also have it
21141
13:17:52,800 --> 13:17:53,800
check the recycling bin setup files
21142
13:17:55,596 --> 13:17:56,596
offline web pages etc
21143
13:17:58,480 --> 13:17:59,480
you can choose which types of these
21144
13:17:59,756 --> 13:18:00,756
files you want to delete so that way you
21145
13:18:01,916 --> 13:18:02,916
if there's certain things you want to
21146
13:18:03,116 --> 13:18:04,116
keep perhaps your temporary internet
21147
13:18:04,720 --> 13:18:05,720
files you do want to keep because your
21148
13:18:06,160 --> 13:18:07,160
browsing experience
21149
13:18:07,916 --> 13:18:08,916
then you can choose what to keep and
21150
13:18:09,200 --> 13:18:10,200
what not to keep
21151
13:18:11,276 --> 13:18:12,276
to get here you go to start all programs
21152
13:18:13,436 --> 13:18:14,436
accessories system tools disk cleanup
21153
13:18:17,040 --> 13:18:18,040
if we see that
21154
13:18:18,400 --> 13:18:19,400
all programs
21155
13:18:20,800 --> 13:18:21,800
accessories
21156
13:18:25,596 --> 13:18:26,596
system tools
21157
13:18:27,200 --> 13:18:28,200
and disk cleanup is right here
21158
13:18:30,160 --> 13:18:31,160
notice it automatically begins to
21159
13:18:31,520 --> 13:18:32,520
calculate how much space we can save and
21160
13:18:33,840 --> 13:18:34,840
it scans a lot of different files
21161
13:18:38,800 --> 13:18:39,800
before opening up
21162
13:18:40,400 --> 13:18:41,400
and now we can browse the sort of files
21163
13:18:42,240 --> 13:18:43,240
that are on here and choose what to
21164
13:18:43,756 --> 13:18:44,756
remove and how much space each is going
21165
13:18:46,080 --> 13:18:47,080
to provide us
21166
13:18:49,116 --> 13:18:50,116
we can also view the files
21167
13:18:51,276 --> 13:18:52,276
beforehand for instance in the download
21168
13:18:53,436 --> 13:18:54,436
program files that'll let us view those
21169
13:18:55,116 --> 13:18:56,116
files
21170
13:18:57,116 --> 13:18:58,116
offline web pages i can view these pages
21171
13:18:59,756 --> 13:19:00,756
there's none in here
21172
13:19:01,436 --> 13:19:02,436
etc so you really have some
21173
13:19:04,160 --> 13:19:05,160
flexibility in what you're looking at
21174
13:19:10,080 --> 13:19:11,080
now check disk is slightly different
21175
13:19:11,596 --> 13:19:12,596
from the past things we've looked at
21176
13:19:13,436 --> 13:19:14,436
this is a program that can check for
21177
13:19:14,800 --> 13:19:15,800
basic errors on your hard drive
21178
13:19:17,360 --> 13:19:18,360
uh
21179
13:19:18,160 --> 13:19:19,160
to get to it you can right click in
21180
13:19:20,000 --> 13:19:21,000
windows explorer uh on the volume say
21181
13:19:22,880 --> 13:19:23,880
the c drive and go to properties and
21182
13:19:25,436 --> 13:19:26,436
then tools and then run the
21183
13:19:28,160 --> 13:19:29,160
check now
21184
13:19:29,276 --> 13:19:30,276
option
21185
13:19:30,880 --> 13:19:31,880
right here
21186
13:19:32,000 --> 13:19:33,000
alternatively and this is the one you're
21187
13:19:33,436 --> 13:19:34,436
probably going to see on the test you
21188
13:19:34,800 --> 13:19:35,800
can go to a command line
21189
13:19:36,400 --> 13:19:37,400
and run check disk
21190
13:19:38,560 --> 13:19:39,560
the thing i want you to realize about
21191
13:19:39,756 --> 13:19:40,756
check disk
21192
13:19:42,160 --> 13:19:43,160
just like you can see in this box right
21193
13:19:44,400 --> 13:19:45,400
here which is from the gui interface
21194
13:19:48,400 --> 13:19:49,400
checking this will automatically fix
21195
13:19:50,160 --> 13:19:51,160
errors so running check disk the utility
21196
13:19:53,200 --> 13:19:54,200
just by itself will locate any errors
21197
13:19:55,680 --> 13:19:56,680
but it won't fix them in order to do
21198
13:19:57,436 --> 13:19:58,436
that you need to run check disk slash f
21199
13:20:00,640 --> 13:20:01,640
or
21200
13:20:01,916 --> 13:20:02,916
switch r
21201
13:20:04,080 --> 13:20:05,080
so you need to either run with that
21202
13:20:06,880 --> 13:20:07,880
or that after it that'll actually fix or
21203
13:20:09,360 --> 13:20:10,360
repair all the errors it finds otherwise
21204
13:20:12,320 --> 13:20:13,320
it'll locate errors but it won't
21205
13:20:13,520 --> 13:20:14,520
actually fix them i often see that on
21206
13:20:15,520 --> 13:20:16,520
the exam which is the reason i want you
21207
13:20:17,276 --> 13:20:18,276
to pay attention to it
21208
13:20:19,756 --> 13:20:20,756
now the system file checker is a little
21209
13:20:21,200 --> 13:20:22,200
more specific
21210
13:20:22,480 --> 13:20:23,480
it's otherwise known as sfc which is how
21211
13:20:24,720 --> 13:20:25,720
you'll see it on the exam and if you
21212
13:20:26,560 --> 13:20:27,560
notice in here on the command line
21213
13:20:28,480 --> 13:20:29,480
that's how we run it
21214
13:20:30,560 --> 13:20:31,560
by typing in sfc
21215
13:20:32,956 --> 13:20:33,956
uh it's a command line utility only so
21216
13:20:34,956 --> 13:20:35,956
it does not have a gui representation
21217
13:20:37,200 --> 13:20:38,200
and what it does is it checks the
21218
13:20:38,400 --> 13:20:39,400
integrity of the system files on the
21219
13:20:40,080 --> 13:20:41,080
hard drive so if you're having issues
21220
13:20:42,000 --> 13:20:43,000
you might first check a check disk do a
21221
13:20:44,000 --> 13:20:45,000
check disk to check that the hard drive
21222
13:20:45,840 --> 13:20:46,840
is fine but then if you're getting
21223
13:20:47,596 --> 13:20:48,596
specific errors about system files built
21224
13:20:49,596 --> 13:20:50,596
into windows and you don't want to have
21225
13:20:51,116 --> 13:20:52,116
to reinstall windows you can use the sfc
21226
13:20:53,756 --> 13:20:54,756
the system file checker to check those
21227
13:20:55,756 --> 13:20:56,756
files
21228
13:20:56,880 --> 13:20:57,880
it's like check disk but it's
21229
13:20:58,480 --> 13:20:59,480
specifically for sauce for system files
21230
13:21:01,276 --> 13:21:02,276
and i just want to show you down here
21231
13:21:03,276 --> 13:21:04,276
these are all the options that you have
21232
13:21:05,436 --> 13:21:06,436
so one option you probably want to take
21233
13:21:07,276 --> 13:21:08,276
is the scan now option which will
21234
13:21:09,436 --> 13:21:10,436
actually scan uh
21235
13:21:11,596 --> 13:21:12,596
all of and repair all the files uh when
21236
13:21:14,880 --> 13:21:15,880
you run the application
21237
13:21:20,080 --> 13:21:21,080
now disk defragmenting is something
21238
13:21:22,000 --> 13:21:23,000
different as well
21239
13:21:23,360 --> 13:21:24,360
as the hard drive saves accesses deletes
21240
13:21:25,756 --> 13:21:26,756
information on the hard drive that space
21241
13:21:27,916 --> 13:21:28,916
becomes fragmented uh if you can imagine
21242
13:21:30,720 --> 13:21:31,720
it it's kind of like empty folders in a
21243
13:21:32,956 --> 13:21:33,956
filing cabinet so
21244
13:21:36,880 --> 13:21:37,880
i have these uh
21245
13:21:38,560 --> 13:21:39,560
folders in my filing cabinet and they're
21246
13:21:41,276 --> 13:21:42,276
full of information and i'm filling them
21247
13:21:43,040 --> 13:21:44,040
up in
21248
13:21:44,840 --> 13:21:45,840
order but then let's say that
21249
13:21:49,200 --> 13:21:50,200
i need to come get this file and i take
21250
13:21:51,200 --> 13:21:52,200
all this file out and i don't replace it
21251
13:21:54,240 --> 13:21:55,240
now i have an empty folder sort of in
21252
13:21:56,800 --> 13:21:57,800
the middle
21253
13:21:57,916 --> 13:21:58,916
uh as opposed to where i want it which
21254
13:22:00,800 --> 13:22:01,800
is near the front
21255
13:22:02,480 --> 13:22:03,480
so what this defragmenting does is it
21256
13:22:04,240 --> 13:22:05,240
basically takes these and moves them
21257
13:22:06,640 --> 13:22:07,640
uh to one end and it takes the full ones
21258
13:22:09,756 --> 13:22:10,756
and moves them to the other end
21259
13:22:11,840 --> 13:22:12,840
that way you have easy access to empty
21260
13:22:13,916 --> 13:22:14,916
sectors and the full sectors get placed
21261
13:22:16,160 --> 13:22:17,160
where they need to go
21262
13:22:17,596 --> 13:22:18,596
that's because these gaps in the drive
21263
13:22:19,276 --> 13:22:20,276
space make the hard drive work much
21264
13:22:21,276 --> 13:22:22,276
faster to find the data it needs so by
21265
13:22:23,520 --> 13:22:24,520
doing this you're actually improving the
21266
13:22:25,040 --> 13:22:26,040
performance of your computer
21267
13:22:28,720 --> 13:22:29,720
defragmenting fixes this issue placing
21268
13:22:30,800 --> 13:22:31,800
the empty sectors at the end of the
21269
13:22:32,320 --> 13:22:33,320
drive space so it's opposite from what
21270
13:22:34,080 --> 13:22:35,080
i've drawn up there but you get the
21271
13:22:35,200 --> 13:22:36,200
picture the
21272
13:22:37,040 --> 13:22:38,040
empty segments get put at one end the
21273
13:22:38,720 --> 13:22:39,720
full segments get put at another
21274
13:22:45,520 --> 13:22:46,520
so here's the
21275
13:22:46,720 --> 13:22:47,720
defragmenting utility
21276
13:22:50,956 --> 13:22:51,956
it's built into microsoft and it's
21277
13:22:52,880 --> 13:22:53,880
called the microsoft disk defragmenter
21278
13:22:54,880 --> 13:22:55,880
now i can get here one of two ways going
21279
13:22:57,040 --> 13:22:58,040
into windows for a second
21280
13:23:00,320 --> 13:23:01,320
i can either go to all programs
21281
13:23:03,840 --> 13:23:04,840
accessories
21282
13:23:06,240 --> 13:23:07,240
system tools
21283
13:23:12,400 --> 13:23:13,400
and choose this defragmenter
21284
13:23:14,720 --> 13:23:15,720
alternatively
21285
13:23:16,880 --> 13:23:17,880
i can right click on the volume
21286
13:23:19,916 --> 13:23:20,916
go to properties
21287
13:23:22,160 --> 13:23:23,160
tools
21288
13:23:23,276 --> 13:23:24,276
and under the
21289
13:23:24,956 --> 13:23:25,956
check disk option i have a defragment
21290
13:23:27,040 --> 13:23:28,040
option
21291
13:23:32,320 --> 13:23:33,320
now if i don't want to use a gui utility
21292
13:23:34,480 --> 13:23:35,480
i can also use the command line defrag
21293
13:23:37,040 --> 13:23:38,040
utility which does the same thing but it
21294
13:23:39,360 --> 13:23:40,360
does it
21295
13:23:40,800 --> 13:23:41,800
uh in the command line now there's a
21296
13:23:42,640 --> 13:23:43,640
reason you're going to want to use the
21297
13:23:43,756 --> 13:23:44,756
command line over another and i'll talk
21298
13:23:45,116 --> 13:23:46,116
about that in a second there are also
21299
13:23:46,956 --> 13:23:47,956
other third-party programs norton mcafee
21300
13:23:49,360 --> 13:23:50,360
all of these release programs that will
21301
13:23:51,596 --> 13:23:52,596
do this sometimes they say better but
21302
13:23:54,640 --> 13:23:55,640
the microsoft programs work fine and
21303
13:23:56,320 --> 13:23:57,320
they're the ones you need to know for
21304
13:23:57,276 --> 13:23:58,276
the exam notice in here also you can
21305
13:23:59,756 --> 13:24:00,756
also have it scheduled to run a defrag
21306
13:24:02,800 --> 13:24:03,800
every say wednesday at 1am you always
21307
13:24:05,436 --> 13:24:06,436
want these to run at times when the
21308
13:24:06,720 --> 13:24:07,720
computer will be on but the user won't
21309
13:24:08,400 --> 13:24:09,400
be using them because if i have a
21310
13:24:09,840 --> 13:24:10,840
certain file open it's not going to be
21311
13:24:11,200 --> 13:24:12,200
able to move it
21312
13:24:14,560 --> 13:24:15,560
now the
21313
13:24:16,000 --> 13:24:17,000
disk defragmenter program the gui
21314
13:24:18,320 --> 13:24:19,320
program you must have 15 free space on
21315
13:24:21,360 --> 13:24:22,360
the volume required to act as sort of a
21316
13:24:23,116 --> 13:24:24,116
buffer zone if you don't have 15 percent
21317
13:24:25,840 --> 13:24:26,840
of your space free let's say you're
21318
13:24:27,436 --> 13:24:28,436
running real low on um space and you're
21319
13:24:29,916 --> 13:24:30,916
gonna use this defragment to hopefully
21320
13:24:31,756 --> 13:24:32,756
get you a little more space because it's
21321
13:24:33,436 --> 13:24:34,436
removing all that stuff
21322
13:24:35,116 --> 13:24:36,116
you can use the command line utility
21323
13:24:36,800 --> 13:24:37,800
defrag as i've indicated on the right
21324
13:24:40,080 --> 13:24:41,080
and that will allow you to defragment
21325
13:24:42,640 --> 13:24:43,640
the
21326
13:24:44,640 --> 13:24:45,640
system
21327
13:24:45,520 --> 13:24:46,520
notice also all the switches here that
21328
13:24:47,916 --> 13:24:48,916
can do different things for instance
21329
13:24:49,756 --> 13:24:50,756
perform the operation on all volumes as
21330
13:24:52,160 --> 13:24:53,160
a switch c
21331
13:24:56,240 --> 13:24:57,240
all right so now we've looked at the
21332
13:24:58,080 --> 13:24:59,080
hard disk utilities including temporary
21333
13:25:00,560 --> 13:25:01,560
files
21334
13:25:01,520 --> 13:25:02,520
we looked at that not only
21335
13:25:03,436 --> 13:25:04,436
in terms of the
21336
13:25:06,240 --> 13:25:07,240
windows temp folder but also
21337
13:25:09,200 --> 13:25:10,200
temporary internet files
21338
13:25:12,400 --> 13:25:13,400
such as cookies
21339
13:25:15,436 --> 13:25:16,436
and that you can easily remove those
21340
13:25:17,436 --> 13:25:18,436
we looked at disk cleanup utility which
21341
13:25:20,320 --> 13:25:21,320
will not only remove some of these but
21342
13:25:21,840 --> 13:25:22,840
other files on your computer that might
21343
13:25:23,200 --> 13:25:24,200
not be necessary can help you reclaim
21344
13:25:24,956 --> 13:25:25,956
some space
21345
13:25:26,480 --> 13:25:27,480
the check disk utility which by the way
21346
13:25:28,800 --> 13:25:29,800
if we run from the command line looks
21347
13:25:31,436 --> 13:25:32,436
like this
21348
13:25:32,880 --> 13:25:33,880
we can also run it in a gui interface as
21349
13:25:34,720 --> 13:25:35,720
we showed you
21350
13:25:36,160 --> 13:25:37,160
the system file checker which is like
21351
13:25:38,000 --> 13:25:39,000
check disk but specifically for system
21352
13:25:40,160 --> 13:25:41,160
files you'll definitely want to know
21353
13:25:42,000 --> 13:25:43,000
that by the way with check disk don't
21354
13:25:43,520 --> 13:25:44,520
forget the switch f or the switch r
21355
13:25:45,756 --> 13:25:46,756
which will actually fix the problems as
21356
13:25:48,000 --> 13:25:49,000
opposed to just find them sfc you
21357
13:25:50,480 --> 13:25:51,480
probably want
21358
13:25:52,720 --> 13:25:53,720
scan it now to actually scan
21359
13:25:55,360 --> 13:25:56,360
and use system file checker otherwise
21360
13:25:57,040 --> 13:25:58,040
you just run it and it doesn't
21361
13:25:58,640 --> 13:25:59,640
sort of gives you options and then the
21362
13:26:00,480 --> 13:26:01,480
defragmenter utility remember we're
21363
13:26:02,640 --> 13:26:03,640
going to want to use the command line
21364
13:26:04,560 --> 13:26:05,560
defrag
21365
13:26:05,756 --> 13:26:06,756
if we have less than
21366
13:26:10,000 --> 13:26:11,000
15 percent free space on the computer
21367
13:26:18,000 --> 13:26:19,000
all right let's keep talking about uh
21368
13:26:20,240 --> 13:26:21,240
maintenance in windows
21369
13:26:25,820 --> 13:26:26,820
[Music]
21370
13:26:46,320 --> 13:26:47,320
windows maintenance backing up
21371
13:26:49,596 --> 13:26:50,596
the last part of windows maintenance is
21372
13:26:51,916 --> 13:26:52,916
preparing for an emergency meaning
21373
13:26:54,000 --> 13:26:55,000
backing up all your data in case it's
21374
13:26:56,000 --> 13:26:57,000
stolen or becomes corrupted and this can
21375
13:26:58,800 --> 13:26:59,800
also help restore your computer once
21376
13:27:01,596 --> 13:27:02,596
something has gone wrong
21377
13:27:03,840 --> 13:27:04,840
so what we're going to look at with
21378
13:27:04,880 --> 13:27:05,880
windows maintenance are
21379
13:27:07,116 --> 13:27:08,116
and backups
21380
13:27:08,640 --> 13:27:09,640
are the three different backup utilities
21381
13:27:11,200 --> 13:27:12,200
windows sevens backup and restore
21382
13:27:13,840 --> 13:27:14,840
window vistas backup status and
21383
13:27:15,520 --> 13:27:16,520
configuration utility
21384
13:27:17,520 --> 13:27:18,520
and windows xp's uh window xps nt backup
21385
13:27:21,276 --> 13:27:22,276
utility notice that windows 7 vista and
21386
13:27:23,756 --> 13:27:24,756
xp use three different backup utilities
21387
13:27:26,800 --> 13:27:27,800
each which use have different names and
21388
13:27:29,596 --> 13:27:30,596
you have slightly different functions
21389
13:27:31,040 --> 13:27:32,040
which we'll look at
21390
13:27:32,880 --> 13:27:33,880
we'll then look at the different types
21391
13:27:34,160 --> 13:27:35,160
of backups including a full backup a
21392
13:27:36,320 --> 13:27:37,320
differential backup and incremental
21393
13:27:38,080 --> 13:27:39,080
backup you want to pay attention to this
21394
13:27:40,160 --> 13:27:41,160
because it will come back again and
21395
13:27:41,756 --> 13:27:42,756
again in just about every test you take
21396
13:27:45,436 --> 13:27:46,436
finally we'll look at a system restore
21397
13:27:48,000 --> 13:27:49,000
which is a specific way to that allows
21398
13:27:49,840 --> 13:27:50,840
your computer to restore itself and then
21399
13:27:51,916 --> 13:27:52,916
something called shadow copy directly
21400
13:27:53,916 --> 13:27:54,916
related to system restore and another
21401
13:27:55,840 --> 13:27:56,840
term that you should know for the exam
21402
13:27:59,276 --> 13:28:00,276
so first let's look at backups in
21403
13:28:01,756 --> 13:28:02,756
general
21404
13:28:02,720 --> 13:28:03,720
these are crucial for any company and
21405
13:28:05,040 --> 13:28:06,040
individual the reason is if there is a
21406
13:28:07,596 --> 13:28:08,596
fire you want to have a backup of all
21407
13:28:09,360 --> 13:28:10,360
your
21408
13:28:10,080 --> 13:28:11,080
information if your information is
21409
13:28:11,596 --> 13:28:12,596
stolen you want to be able to get back
21410
13:28:12,956 --> 13:28:13,956
up and running as soon as possible
21411
13:28:16,000 --> 13:28:17,000
with a backup can include individual
21412
13:28:18,480 --> 13:28:19,480
files or the entire system and it can be
21413
13:28:21,596 --> 13:28:22,596
backed up to another set of hard drives
21414
13:28:24,240 --> 13:28:25,240
you have say removable usb hard drives
21415
13:28:26,560 --> 13:28:27,560
or perhaps hard drives in a
21416
13:28:28,480 --> 13:28:29,480
network attached storage device or raid
21417
13:28:30,320 --> 13:28:31,320
array
21418
13:28:31,276 --> 13:28:32,276
optical disks such as dvds or blu-rays
21419
13:28:34,560 --> 13:28:35,560
remember dvds now only hold about 4.7
21420
13:28:36,956 --> 13:28:37,956
gigabytes a dual layer is a little more
21421
13:28:38,720 --> 13:28:39,720
than twice that
21422
13:28:40,000 --> 13:28:41,000
so a little less than twice that excuse
21423
13:28:42,000 --> 13:28:43,000
me so you're not going to get
21424
13:28:44,560 --> 13:28:45,560
as much space as you might need for a
21425
13:28:47,040 --> 13:28:48,040
500 gigabyte hard drive off of them
21426
13:28:49,360 --> 13:28:50,360
and then tape which is our cheap and
21427
13:28:51,360 --> 13:28:52,360
easy alternative still used a lot but
21428
13:28:53,116 --> 13:28:54,116
being replaced
21429
13:28:54,720 --> 13:28:55,720
by removable hard drives
21430
13:28:57,276 --> 13:28:58,276
backing up windows 7 vista and xp
21431
13:29:00,240 --> 13:29:01,240
involves using three separate programs
21432
13:29:02,240 --> 13:29:03,240
that we're going to talk about
21433
13:29:04,240 --> 13:29:05,240
they're all accessed differently as well
21434
13:29:06,320 --> 13:29:07,320
so you want to pay attention to the
21435
13:29:07,840 --> 13:29:08,840
different paths and names as we go over
21436
13:29:09,916 --> 13:29:10,916
them
21437
13:29:12,800 --> 13:29:13,800
however they all work similarly they all
21438
13:29:15,360 --> 13:29:16,360
up back up certain files folders etc and
21439
13:29:18,640 --> 13:29:19,640
if you were in them in one and you
21440
13:29:20,560 --> 13:29:21,560
figured out one you'd probably be able
21441
13:29:21,916 --> 13:29:22,916
to make your way around the other
21442
13:29:24,000 --> 13:29:25,000
so first let's talk about windows 7
21443
13:29:25,596 --> 13:29:26,596
backup and restore
21444
13:29:27,276 --> 13:29:28,276
this is called
21445
13:29:28,480 --> 13:29:29,480
it's called the backup and restore
21446
13:29:29,596 --> 13:29:30,596
utility
21447
13:29:31,520 --> 13:29:32,520
right there it allows you to back up
21448
13:29:33,276 --> 13:29:34,276
individual files it also allows you to
21449
13:29:35,520 --> 13:29:36,520
create an image
21450
13:29:37,520 --> 13:29:38,520
of the entire system
21451
13:29:39,436 --> 13:29:40,436
which would allow you really easily to
21452
13:29:41,680 --> 13:29:42,680
restore in case an emergency
21453
13:29:43,756 --> 13:29:44,756
you can also
21454
13:29:45,040 --> 13:29:46,040
kind of erase it here but you can also
21455
13:29:47,116 --> 13:29:48,116
create a system repair disk which would
21456
13:29:49,916 --> 13:29:50,916
allow you to repair your computer in
21457
13:29:51,916 --> 13:29:52,916
case it started acting funky
21458
13:29:54,880 --> 13:29:55,880
to create a backup with windows 7 backup
21459
13:29:57,360 --> 13:29:58,360
and restore you go to start
21460
13:29:59,436 --> 13:30:00,436
control panel system security
21461
13:30:02,720 --> 13:30:03,720
and backup and restore alternatively you
21462
13:30:05,200 --> 13:30:06,200
just choose backup and restore from the
21463
13:30:06,720 --> 13:30:07,720
classic view
21464
13:30:09,200 --> 13:30:10,200
you can click setup backup to set up a
21465
13:30:11,596 --> 13:30:12,596
location that you're going to back up to
21466
13:30:13,360 --> 13:30:14,360
and perhaps even schedule a backup
21467
13:30:15,596 --> 13:30:16,596
alternatively you can select which you
21468
13:30:17,916 --> 13:30:18,916
don't see here the backup now button
21469
13:30:19,916 --> 13:30:20,916
which is if you've already set up a
21470
13:30:21,360 --> 13:30:22,360
specific device say a removable hard
21471
13:30:23,116 --> 13:30:24,116
drive to store your backups
21472
13:30:27,840 --> 13:30:28,840
now windows vista uses what's called the
21473
13:30:29,596 --> 13:30:30,596
backup status and configuration utility
21474
13:30:33,116 --> 13:30:34,116
and that's located in the backup and
21475
13:30:34,720 --> 13:30:35,720
restore center in the control panel
21476
13:30:37,596 --> 13:30:38,596
this is the successor to what we'll see
21477
13:30:39,756 --> 13:30:40,756
next which is windows xp's nt backup and
21478
13:30:42,956 --> 13:30:43,956
it's quite a bit better you can backup
21479
13:30:45,200 --> 13:30:46,200
individual files just like we could on
21480
13:30:46,800 --> 13:30:47,800
the previous one
21481
13:30:48,240 --> 13:30:49,240
you can also backup your entire computer
21482
13:30:50,480 --> 13:30:51,480
in what's called a complete pc backup
21483
13:30:55,200 --> 13:30:56,200
this it creates by the way an image
21484
13:30:58,320 --> 13:30:59,320
so uh
21485
13:30:59,596 --> 13:31:00,596
an image basically is a very large and
21486
13:31:02,640 --> 13:31:03,640
all-encompassing
21487
13:31:04,400 --> 13:31:05,400
picture of your entire computer that
21488
13:31:06,000 --> 13:31:07,000
could bring it back
21489
13:31:07,520 --> 13:31:08,520
exactly as it was
21490
13:31:11,116 --> 13:31:12,116
to get there you go to start all
21491
13:31:12,720 --> 13:31:13,720
programs accessories system tools backup
21492
13:31:15,756 --> 13:31:16,756
status and configuration utility
21493
13:31:17,756 --> 13:31:18,756
alternatively
21494
13:31:19,360 --> 13:31:20,360
go to control panel and choose the
21495
13:31:20,720 --> 13:31:21,720
backup and restore center
21496
13:31:25,116 --> 13:31:26,116
now windows xp uses what's called the nt
21497
13:31:27,840 --> 13:31:28,840
backup utility and just from the look of
21498
13:31:29,916 --> 13:31:30,916
it of it you can see it's a bit older
21499
13:31:32,480 --> 13:31:33,480
you can go to the run prompt and run it
21500
13:31:34,560 --> 13:31:35,560
from nt backup
21501
13:31:37,596 --> 13:31:38,596
and it can also what it does it can back
21502
13:31:39,840 --> 13:31:40,840
up individual files using the backup
21503
13:31:41,840 --> 13:31:42,840
wizard
21504
13:31:43,596 --> 13:31:44,596
or the on the backup tab
21505
13:31:45,436 --> 13:31:46,436
you can also backup what's called the
21506
13:31:47,040 --> 13:31:48,040
system state
21507
13:31:50,400 --> 13:31:51,400
which
21508
13:31:51,276 --> 13:31:52,276
is all of the user files system files
21509
13:31:53,916 --> 13:31:54,916
etc but not necessarily all the programs
21510
13:31:56,720 --> 13:31:57,720
now this xp version does not include a
21511
13:31:59,360 --> 13:32:00,360
complete pc backup option so it can't do
21512
13:32:02,320 --> 13:32:03,320
a full image based backup of your system
21513
13:32:05,840 --> 13:32:06,840
that was because at that time they just
21514
13:32:07,520 --> 13:32:08,520
didn't think they had the media to be
21515
13:32:10,080 --> 13:32:11,080
able to accomplish such a thing
21516
13:32:12,320 --> 13:32:13,320
it does have however what's called the
21517
13:32:13,756 --> 13:32:14,756
automated system recovery option which
21518
13:32:16,000 --> 13:32:17,000
will create a floppy disk and cd drive a
21519
13:32:18,880 --> 13:32:19,880
cd disk that would allow you to
21520
13:32:21,840 --> 13:32:22,840
restore
21521
13:32:24,400 --> 13:32:25,400
from
21522
13:32:25,200 --> 13:32:26,200
in case of a problem
21523
13:32:27,596 --> 13:32:28,596
specifically it restores what's called
21524
13:32:29,116 --> 13:32:30,116
the system state
21525
13:32:30,400 --> 13:32:31,400
which we referenced right here the
21526
13:32:32,240 --> 13:32:33,240
system state as i mentioned is all the
21527
13:32:34,480 --> 13:32:35,480
user accounts the settings boot files
21528
13:32:36,480 --> 13:32:37,480
etc everything based in the system
21529
13:32:39,360 --> 13:32:40,360
windows system it's not going to save
21530
13:32:41,200 --> 13:32:42,200
all your data necessarily and not
21531
13:32:43,040 --> 13:32:44,040
definitely not going to have all your
21532
13:32:44,320 --> 13:32:45,320
programs and applications and it's going
21533
13:32:46,000 --> 13:32:47,000
to require a lot more work to get back
21534
13:32:48,160 --> 13:32:49,160
up and running uh
21535
13:32:49,756 --> 13:32:50,756
if you have to use it
21536
13:32:52,956 --> 13:32:53,956
now there are three types of backups
21537
13:32:54,480 --> 13:32:55,480
when we talk about backing up and you
21538
13:32:56,080 --> 13:32:57,080
want to know these
21539
13:32:57,360 --> 13:32:58,360
for this exam and others the first is
21540
13:32:59,360 --> 13:33:00,360
called a full backup which is the name
21541
13:33:00,720 --> 13:33:01,720
implies backup backs up everything it
21542
13:33:03,360 --> 13:33:04,360
resets also what's called the archive
21543
13:33:05,116 --> 13:33:06,116
bit
21544
13:33:06,240 --> 13:33:07,240
so every time you change a file
21545
13:33:09,040 --> 13:33:10,040
there's a checkbox on that file that's
21546
13:33:10,800 --> 13:33:11,800
checked that tells the computer
21547
13:33:12,240 --> 13:33:13,240
something's changed i want to make sure
21548
13:33:14,240 --> 13:33:15,240
to backup that file when you do a full
21549
13:33:16,480 --> 13:33:17,480
backup it resets that bit
21550
13:33:19,840 --> 13:33:20,840
so the computer knows in certain cases
21551
13:33:22,160 --> 13:33:23,160
not to back it up again now if you do a
21552
13:33:24,400 --> 13:33:25,400
full backup it's going to back up
21553
13:33:25,840 --> 13:33:26,840
everything whether it has an archive bit
21554
13:33:27,596 --> 13:33:28,596
or not
21555
13:33:31,680 --> 13:33:32,680
a differential backup on the other hand
21556
13:33:34,080 --> 13:33:35,080
is slightly different
21557
13:33:35,756 --> 13:33:36,756
it backs up everything changed since the
21558
13:33:38,000 --> 13:33:39,000
last full backup so i make a full backup
21559
13:33:41,116 --> 13:33:42,116
that erases all the archive bits then i
21560
13:33:43,596 --> 13:33:44,596
change something so my file gets checked
21561
13:33:46,400 --> 13:33:47,400
when i do a differential backup it
21562
13:33:48,560 --> 13:33:49,560
doesn't erase this check mark
21563
13:33:50,880 --> 13:33:51,880
so the next differential backup i do is
21564
13:33:53,040 --> 13:33:54,040
also going to back up this file
21565
13:33:55,520 --> 13:33:56,520
so
21566
13:33:56,560 --> 13:33:57,560
to break this down a little bit
21567
13:33:58,400 --> 13:33:59,400
if i had i'm just going to draw out the
21568
13:34:00,080 --> 13:34:01,080
days of the week here
21569
13:34:06,640 --> 13:34:07,640
let's say that i did like most companies
21570
13:34:08,400 --> 13:34:09,400
do
21571
13:34:09,200 --> 13:34:10,200
a full backup
21572
13:34:13,436 --> 13:34:14,436
on friday
21573
13:34:15,360 --> 13:34:16,360
then let's say i change files
21574
13:34:18,240 --> 13:34:19,240
i change a file on tuesday
21575
13:34:21,360 --> 13:34:22,360
right
21576
13:34:22,720 --> 13:34:23,720
and my computer crashes on wednesday
21577
13:34:26,320 --> 13:34:27,320
now what i need
21578
13:34:28,000 --> 13:34:29,000
and there's a differential done this day
21579
13:34:29,680 --> 13:34:30,680
there's a differential than this there's
21580
13:34:31,116 --> 13:34:32,116
a differential than this day etc
21581
13:34:35,200 --> 13:34:36,200
so what i need to back to get back to
21582
13:34:37,756 --> 13:34:38,756
tuesday's point
21583
13:34:39,840 --> 13:34:40,840
is i need the last full backup
21584
13:34:42,560 --> 13:34:43,560
and the last differential backup that's
21585
13:34:45,116 --> 13:34:46,116
all
21586
13:34:45,916 --> 13:34:46,916
both of these fo these files can
21587
13:34:48,080 --> 13:34:49,080
put me back to exactly where my system
21588
13:34:49,916 --> 13:34:50,916
was the day i i my computer crashed
21589
13:34:53,276 --> 13:34:54,276
this is different
21590
13:34:55,436 --> 13:34:56,436
from what's called
21591
13:34:57,040 --> 13:34:58,040
an incremental backup
21592
13:35:00,320 --> 13:35:01,320
an incremental backup
21593
13:35:04,000 --> 13:35:05,000
backs up everything changed since the
21594
13:35:05,520 --> 13:35:06,520
last full or incremental backup
21595
13:35:07,756 --> 13:35:08,756
so
21596
13:35:08,560 --> 13:35:09,560
it will reset this
21597
13:35:10,956 --> 13:35:11,956
once i've changed something
21598
13:35:15,040 --> 13:35:16,040
if we go back to our um
21599
13:35:18,720 --> 13:35:19,720
our example here
21600
13:35:21,520 --> 13:35:22,520
let's say ins i do a full backup still
21601
13:35:23,520 --> 13:35:24,520
on friday
21602
13:35:25,116 --> 13:35:26,116
but
21603
13:35:26,480 --> 13:35:27,480
every other day
21604
13:35:30,080 --> 13:35:31,080
i'm running incremental backups
21605
13:35:36,000 --> 13:35:37,000
if my system crashes on tuesday in order
21606
13:35:38,880 --> 13:35:39,880
to get back everything that i had i
21607
13:35:41,596 --> 13:35:42,596
would have to restore from friday's
21608
13:35:43,840 --> 13:35:44,840
backup saturday backup sunday's backup
21609
13:35:46,800 --> 13:35:47,800
monday's backup and tuesday's backup so
21610
13:35:49,200 --> 13:35:50,200
you can see i need a lot more media to
21611
13:35:51,840 --> 13:35:52,840
back up from because every time i back
21612
13:35:54,000 --> 13:35:55,000
up
21613
13:35:54,880 --> 13:35:55,880
on saturday it tells all those files to
21614
13:35:57,040 --> 13:35:58,040
erase that
21615
13:35:59,360 --> 13:36:00,360
archive bit so the next time something
21616
13:36:01,360 --> 13:36:02,360
backs up it's not going to back up that
21617
13:36:02,800 --> 13:36:03,800
file again
21618
13:36:04,000 --> 13:36:05,000
so i need to have these cumulative
21619
13:36:05,596 --> 13:36:06,596
backups differential takes more space
21620
13:36:08,240 --> 13:36:09,240
because you can imagine by the time i
21621
13:36:09,520 --> 13:36:10,520
get to thursday
21622
13:36:11,520 --> 13:36:12,520
it's quite a large backup because a lot
21623
13:36:13,276 --> 13:36:14,276
has changed since the previous friday
21624
13:36:15,436 --> 13:36:16,436
with an incremental though it just
21625
13:36:16,800 --> 13:36:17,800
changes it just backs up what's changed
21626
13:36:18,800 --> 13:36:19,800
since the last incremental backup so
21627
13:36:21,276 --> 13:36:22,276
differential takes more space
21628
13:36:24,560 --> 13:36:25,560
on the hard drive or on the backup
21629
13:36:27,680 --> 13:36:28,680
device but incremental but it also uh
21630
13:36:30,720 --> 13:36:31,720
requires
21631
13:36:32,400 --> 13:36:33,400
less
21632
13:36:33,200 --> 13:36:34,200
time
21633
13:36:36,320 --> 13:36:37,320
to restore because i only need two media
21634
13:36:38,480 --> 13:36:39,480
instead of five say
21635
13:36:40,800 --> 13:36:41,800
so the incremental again resets that
21636
13:36:42,800 --> 13:36:43,800
archive bit
21637
13:36:44,640 --> 13:36:45,640
we'll continue to go over this when we
21638
13:36:46,080 --> 13:36:47,080
get to network plus and security plus as
21639
13:36:48,080 --> 13:36:49,080
well but it's important to understand
21640
13:36:49,520 --> 13:36:50,520
the differences between these three
21641
13:36:50,800 --> 13:36:51,800
backups i see them on every test and
21642
13:36:52,800 --> 13:36:53,800
it's just good to know for your own
21643
13:36:53,916 --> 13:36:54,916
edification as well
21644
13:36:58,560 --> 13:36:59,560
system restore allows you to fix issues
21645
13:37:01,200 --> 13:37:02,200
caused by defective hardware or software
21646
13:37:04,720 --> 13:37:05,720
for instance registry changes that are
21647
13:37:06,640 --> 13:37:07,640
made by the hardware the software will
21648
13:37:08,720 --> 13:37:09,720
become reversed when you do a system
21649
13:37:10,480 --> 13:37:11,480
restore
21650
13:37:11,680 --> 13:37:12,680
it'll also force the computer to work as
21651
13:37:13,916 --> 13:37:14,916
it did previously now one thing
21652
13:37:15,756 --> 13:37:16,756
important to know is it doesn't actually
21653
13:37:17,520 --> 13:37:18,520
restore all of your data what it does
21654
13:37:19,756 --> 13:37:20,756
rather is restore the system
21655
13:37:22,840 --> 13:37:23,840
files
21656
13:37:24,640 --> 13:37:25,640
so it does something called creating a
21657
13:37:27,116 --> 13:37:28,116
restore point
21658
13:37:28,880 --> 13:37:29,880
which you can see right here
21659
13:37:31,360 --> 13:37:32,360
system restore
21660
13:37:32,720 --> 13:37:33,720
right and it's going to create a restore
21661
13:37:34,720 --> 13:37:35,720
point
21662
13:37:36,720 --> 13:37:37,720
so that way it has a point to restore
21663
13:37:38,480 --> 13:37:39,480
back to now again this doesn't always
21664
13:37:40,560 --> 13:37:41,560
fix all issues but it's a good first
21665
13:37:42,480 --> 13:37:43,480
step
21666
13:37:44,000 --> 13:37:45,000
you can do this manually and
21667
13:37:45,680 --> 13:37:46,680
alternatively you can also have it
21668
13:37:47,040 --> 13:37:48,040
automatically done
21669
13:37:48,640 --> 13:37:49,640
by the operating system before any new
21670
13:37:50,640 --> 13:37:51,640
applications or hardware and are
21671
13:37:52,240 --> 13:37:53,240
installed by going into the system
21672
13:37:53,916 --> 13:37:54,916
restore and configuring the settings
21673
13:37:56,956 --> 13:37:57,956
which are right here
21674
13:38:01,116 --> 13:38:02,116
to get there you can go to start all
21675
13:38:02,640 --> 13:38:03,640
programs accessories system tools system
21676
13:38:05,276 --> 13:38:06,276
restore
21677
13:38:06,400 --> 13:38:07,400
alternatively you can right click on
21678
13:38:08,080 --> 13:38:09,080
computer go to properties and choose to
21679
13:38:11,200 --> 13:38:12,200
edit the system restore properties so if
21680
13:38:13,116 --> 13:38:14,116
we take a look at that
21681
13:38:16,480 --> 13:38:17,480
i'm gonna go to start
21682
13:38:18,160 --> 13:38:19,160
all programs accessories
21683
13:38:25,116 --> 13:38:26,116
system tools
21684
13:38:27,040 --> 13:38:28,040
and system restore will bring up the
21685
13:38:29,040 --> 13:38:30,040
system restore utility
21686
13:38:31,116 --> 13:38:32,116
if i want to make changes to this
21687
13:38:32,720 --> 13:38:33,720
utility and when it's going to back up
21688
13:38:34,400 --> 13:38:35,400
system restore points etc i go to
21689
13:38:36,640 --> 13:38:37,640
properties
21690
13:38:38,160 --> 13:38:39,160
advanced system settings and under
21691
13:38:39,840 --> 13:38:40,840
system protection i can either go to the
21692
13:38:42,320 --> 13:38:43,320
system restore
21693
13:38:44,240 --> 13:38:45,240
utility
21694
13:38:46,400 --> 13:38:47,400
or i can configure certain settings
21695
13:38:51,276 --> 13:38:52,276
one thing you definitely want to do is
21696
13:38:52,560 --> 13:38:53,560
turn off system protection or system
21697
13:38:54,560 --> 13:38:55,560
restore before you do a virus scan
21698
13:38:56,480 --> 13:38:57,480
removal or virus removal that way the
21699
13:38:59,436 --> 13:39:00,436
virus can't hide out in one of your
21700
13:39:01,436 --> 13:39:02,436
restore points
21701
13:39:06,640 --> 13:39:07,640
so turn that off before doing a virus
21702
13:39:08,640 --> 13:39:09,640
removal it's the number one step you'll
21703
13:39:10,160 --> 13:39:11,160
see on any virus removal instructions
21704
13:39:14,956 --> 13:39:15,956
a shadow copy is also called a volume
21705
13:39:17,840 --> 13:39:18,840
snapshot service or
21706
13:39:20,720 --> 13:39:21,720
vss which is how you might see it
21707
13:39:24,720 --> 13:39:25,720
this makes a general backup copy of data
21708
13:39:27,436 --> 13:39:28,436
known as a snapshot
21709
13:39:28,956 --> 13:39:29,956
now just like a picture the picture
21710
13:39:31,436 --> 13:39:32,436
takes a picture
21711
13:39:32,800 --> 13:39:33,800
an image
21712
13:39:34,320 --> 13:39:35,320
so to speak of everything you can see it
21713
13:39:36,640 --> 13:39:37,640
all so you know where to put it all back
21714
13:39:38,480 --> 13:39:39,480
but it doesn't actually save the data
21715
13:39:40,000 --> 13:39:41,000
itself
21716
13:39:41,436 --> 13:39:42,436
so it doesn't take the place of an
21717
13:39:42,800 --> 13:39:43,800
actual file backup it just sort of says
21718
13:39:44,720 --> 13:39:45,720
where all the files should go
21719
13:39:46,956 --> 13:39:47,956
so it's used
21720
13:39:48,880 --> 13:39:49,880
in conjunction
21721
13:39:50,800 --> 13:39:51,800
with the restore point in order to work
21722
13:39:54,480 --> 13:39:55,480
it can be backed up manually or
21723
13:39:56,160 --> 13:39:57,160
automatically
21724
13:39:57,436 --> 13:39:58,436
just like you would
21725
13:39:59,276 --> 13:40:00,276
with a restore point
21726
13:40:01,276 --> 13:40:02,276
and it happens with the restore point
21727
13:40:03,040 --> 13:40:04,040
itself
21728
13:40:04,160 --> 13:40:05,160
just good to know about what a shadow
21729
13:40:05,596 --> 13:40:06,596
copy is it's more of a
21730
13:40:08,480 --> 13:40:09,480
copy of the shadow of the system as
21731
13:40:10,880 --> 13:40:11,880
opposed to being an actual backup of the
21732
13:40:12,480 --> 13:40:13,480
system
21733
13:40:16,640 --> 13:40:17,640
it acts as an additional supplement to
21734
13:40:18,720 --> 13:40:19,720
help error correction when it's coming
21735
13:40:20,560 --> 13:40:21,560
to restoring from a restore point
21736
13:40:24,160 --> 13:40:25,160
okay so we've talked about backups
21737
13:40:26,160 --> 13:40:27,160
including windows 7's backup and restore
21738
13:40:28,240 --> 13:40:29,240
utility window vista's backup status and
21739
13:40:30,956 --> 13:40:31,956
configuration utility
21740
13:40:32,800 --> 13:40:33,800
window xp's nt backup utility
21741
13:40:35,756 --> 13:40:36,756
we also looked at the difference between
21742
13:40:37,040 --> 13:40:38,040
a full differential and incremental
21743
13:40:39,200 --> 13:40:40,200
backup remember
21744
13:40:41,360 --> 13:40:42,360
a differential
21745
13:40:49,436 --> 13:40:50,436
does not restore
21746
13:40:52,956 --> 13:40:53,956
sorry does not reset
21747
13:40:57,200 --> 13:40:58,200
the archive bit
21748
13:41:01,436 --> 13:41:02,436
whereas an incremental
21749
13:41:07,520 --> 13:41:08,520
does reset the archive bit
21750
13:41:13,360 --> 13:41:14,360
as a result
21751
13:41:14,956 --> 13:41:15,956
differential
21752
13:41:16,320 --> 13:41:17,320
takes more space
21753
13:41:18,640 --> 13:41:19,640
but
21754
13:41:20,080 --> 13:41:21,080
in the case of a restore it takes less
21755
13:41:22,800 --> 13:41:23,800
time
21756
13:41:25,680 --> 13:41:26,680
incremental on the other hand takes less
21757
13:41:27,840 --> 13:41:28,840
space
21758
13:41:29,360 --> 13:41:30,360
but in case of a restore takes more time
21759
13:41:34,800 --> 13:41:35,800
we also talked about system restore or
21760
13:41:36,720 --> 13:41:37,720
restore point
21761
13:41:40,800 --> 13:41:41,800
which are specifically for system files
21762
13:41:43,040 --> 13:41:44,040
okay not
21763
13:41:44,400 --> 13:41:45,400
all of your data
21764
13:41:46,800 --> 13:41:47,800
and the shadow copy
21765
13:41:48,640 --> 13:41:49,640
also called volume snapshot service
21766
13:41:50,956 --> 13:41:51,956
which works in conjunction with the
21767
13:41:52,320 --> 13:41:53,320
system restore giving an overall idea of
21768
13:41:55,276 --> 13:41:56,276
the files that need to be backed up and
21769
13:41:57,116 --> 13:41:58,116
restored
21770
13:41:59,520 --> 13:42:00,520
so this concludes the windows
21771
13:42:01,040 --> 13:42:02,040
maintenance section now we'll get into
21772
13:42:03,040 --> 13:42:04,040
the real uh thick of things in the
21773
13:42:05,200 --> 13:42:06,200
windows troubleshooting lessons
21774
13:42:10,480 --> 13:42:11,480
uh for windows 8.1 backup and restore
21775
13:42:13,680 --> 13:42:14,680
we've got um
21776
13:42:15,596 --> 13:42:16,596
a few different steps to take we create
21777
13:42:18,560 --> 13:42:19,560
an image of the system
21778
13:42:20,560 --> 13:42:21,560
uh create a backup in windows 8.1
21779
13:42:23,840 --> 13:42:24,840
you find the file history control panel
21780
13:42:26,560 --> 13:42:27,560
you can use a smart search in the start
21781
13:42:28,880 --> 13:42:29,880
screen
21782
13:42:32,080 --> 13:42:33,080
click on the file history to view the
21783
13:42:33,840 --> 13:42:34,840
file history control panel
21784
13:42:36,560 --> 13:42:37,560
as you can see in the top there
21785
13:42:39,276 --> 13:42:40,276
on the lower left
21786
13:42:40,640 --> 13:42:41,640
corner look for system image backup
21787
13:42:43,680 --> 13:42:44,680
which is on the bottom of the yellow
21788
13:42:45,360 --> 13:42:46,360
border there
21789
13:42:46,956 --> 13:42:47,956
or gold
21790
13:42:50,320 --> 13:42:51,320
clicking on the system image backup will
21791
13:42:52,000 --> 13:42:53,000
bring up the create a system image
21792
13:42:54,160 --> 13:42:55,160
wizard
21793
13:42:59,200 --> 13:43:00,200
and to restore the existing os from the
21794
13:43:01,200 --> 13:43:02,200
backup image you plug in the external
21795
13:43:03,596 --> 13:43:04,596
drive that contains the backup image
21796
13:43:06,400 --> 13:43:07,400
go to pc settings update and recovery
21797
13:43:09,040 --> 13:43:10,040
and then click on recovery
21798
13:43:14,880 --> 13:43:15,880
click on restart now button under the
21799
13:43:16,800 --> 13:43:17,800
advanced setup when you've done that
21800
13:43:23,596 --> 13:43:24,596
in the choose an option screen select
21801
13:43:25,756 --> 13:43:26,756
troubleshoot
21802
13:43:29,596 --> 13:43:30,596
select advanced options after you've
21803
13:43:31,520 --> 13:43:32,520
done that
21804
13:43:35,680 --> 13:43:36,680
and then you select select system image
21805
13:43:38,480 --> 13:43:39,480
recovery on the advanced options screen
21806
13:43:44,000 --> 13:43:45,000
now the computer will restart and
21807
13:43:45,916 --> 13:43:46,916
present the system image recovery screen
21808
13:43:48,480 --> 13:43:49,480
so you select your username and enter
21809
13:43:50,320 --> 13:43:51,320
the password on the system image
21810
13:43:52,000 --> 13:43:53,000
recovery screen
21811
13:43:56,720 --> 13:43:57,720
once reimage your computer uh wizard
21812
13:43:59,040 --> 13:44:00,040
appears follow the steps on the wizard
21813
13:44:00,640 --> 13:44:01,640
to re
21814
13:44:01,680 --> 13:44:02,680
restore the pc from the selected system
21815
13:44:04,480 --> 13:44:05,480
image backup
21816
13:44:05,840 --> 13:44:06,840
and you can see the three images i've
21817
13:44:07,276 --> 13:44:08,276
put in here
21818
13:44:11,520 --> 13:44:12,520
[Music]
21819
13:44:32,080 --> 13:44:33,080
troubleshooting windows boot and
21820
13:44:34,240 --> 13:44:35,240
recovery tools
21821
13:44:36,240 --> 13:44:37,240
as we move from configuring and
21822
13:44:38,320 --> 13:44:39,320
maintaining windows into troubleshooting
21823
13:44:40,880 --> 13:44:41,880
it figure out what's wrong in case of a
21824
13:44:42,560 --> 13:44:43,560
problem we want to start with the most
21825
13:44:44,800 --> 13:44:45,800
basic way to figure this out which is
21826
13:44:46,560 --> 13:44:47,560
during the boot process and to look at
21827
13:44:48,956 --> 13:44:49,956
some specifically uh
21828
13:44:51,680 --> 13:44:52,680
and to look at some specific recover
21829
13:44:54,240 --> 13:44:55,240
recovery tools that can be used um
21830
13:44:57,520 --> 13:44:58,520
during your troubleshooting process in
21831
13:44:59,200 --> 13:45:00,200
case you find that you have
21832
13:45:01,116 --> 13:45:02,116
very limited options especially if you
21833
13:45:03,360 --> 13:45:04,360
can't even get into the operating system
21834
13:45:05,596 --> 13:45:06,596
so first we're going to look at the
21835
13:45:06,880 --> 13:45:07,880
advanced boot options menu otherwise
21836
13:45:09,436 --> 13:45:10,436
known as abom
21837
13:45:11,840 --> 13:45:12,840
this is reached if any of you have done
21838
13:45:13,596 --> 13:45:14,596
this by hitting f8
21839
13:45:16,000 --> 13:45:17,000
as the post ends and windows begins to
21840
13:45:19,360 --> 13:45:20,360
boot or just holding down f8
21841
13:45:21,916 --> 13:45:22,916
until you get into the menu
21842
13:45:24,000 --> 13:45:25,000
we're then going to look at the windows
21843
13:45:25,520 --> 13:45:26,520
recovery environment otherwise known as
21844
13:45:27,756 --> 13:45:28,756
winre
21845
13:45:29,360 --> 13:45:30,360
this is specific to
21846
13:45:31,276 --> 13:45:32,276
windows 7
21847
13:45:33,200 --> 13:45:34,200
and vista in xp
21848
13:45:35,680 --> 13:45:36,680
we're going to be looking at the windows
21849
13:45:37,040 --> 13:45:38,040
xp recovery console which is
21850
13:45:39,360 --> 13:45:40,360
specifically a command line
21851
13:45:42,000 --> 13:45:43,000
utility accessible by through the xp
21852
13:45:44,880 --> 13:45:45,880
installation process
21853
13:45:46,956 --> 13:45:47,956
and then we'll look at some advanced
21854
13:45:48,400 --> 13:45:49,400
recovery options in case you just can't
21855
13:45:51,436 --> 13:45:52,436
fix your windows operating system
21856
13:45:54,640 --> 13:45:55,640
so first let's start with the advanced
21857
13:45:56,000 --> 13:45:57,000
boot options menu
21858
13:45:57,680 --> 13:45:58,680
when you press f8
21859
13:45:59,680 --> 13:46:00,680
you get this these are startup options
21860
13:46:02,400 --> 13:46:03,400
that can aid in fixing problems when you
21861
13:46:04,560 --> 13:46:05,560
can't get into the operating system or
21862
13:46:06,560 --> 13:46:07,560
even if you can get into the operating
21863
13:46:07,840 --> 13:46:08,840
system it can offer you a couple
21864
13:46:09,596 --> 13:46:10,596
versions of the operating system that
21865
13:46:12,000 --> 13:46:13,000
load minimal
21866
13:46:14,240 --> 13:46:15,240
drivers and minimal services to help you
21867
13:46:16,800 --> 13:46:17,800
narrow down the problem
21868
13:46:18,560 --> 13:46:19,560
to access this startup option menu you
21869
13:46:21,436 --> 13:46:22,436
want to press the f8 key which is the
21870
13:46:23,436 --> 13:46:24,436
top of your keyboard immediately after
21871
13:46:25,680 --> 13:46:26,680
the computer starts up generally what
21872
13:46:27,360 --> 13:46:28,360
will happen is you go through the bios
21873
13:46:28,640 --> 13:46:29,640
post test and then windows begins to
21874
13:46:31,200 --> 13:46:32,200
load and before
21875
13:46:33,116 --> 13:46:34,116
windows begins to load you want to
21876
13:46:36,480 --> 13:46:37,480
press f8 and get into this advanced boot
21877
13:46:38,880 --> 13:46:39,880
options menu if you can't if you miss
21878
13:46:42,000 --> 13:46:43,000
you know the the period of time when you
21879
13:46:43,840 --> 13:46:44,840
can hit f8 simply reboot the computer
21880
13:46:46,080 --> 13:46:47,080
and you should be good to go
21881
13:46:50,560 --> 13:46:51,560
so let's talk about what each of these
21882
13:46:51,916 --> 13:46:52,916
options means
21883
13:46:53,200 --> 13:46:54,200
the first is the repair your computer
21884
13:46:55,040 --> 13:46:56,040
option
21885
13:46:55,840 --> 13:46:56,840
this opens the windows recovery
21886
13:46:57,520 --> 13:46:58,520
environment which we'll talk about after
21887
13:46:59,116 --> 13:47:00,116
we finish talking about all these
21888
13:47:00,240 --> 13:47:01,240
advanced boot options and that gives you
21889
13:47:02,320 --> 13:47:03,320
a set of diagnostic tools which can fix
21890
13:47:04,956 --> 13:47:05,956
issues often caused by defective
21891
13:47:06,880 --> 13:47:07,880
hardware or software we'll look at that
21892
13:47:08,880 --> 13:47:09,880
a little bit later it also lets you
21893
13:47:10,720 --> 13:47:11,720
recover your computer from
21894
13:47:12,800 --> 13:47:13,800
a an image
21895
13:47:14,480 --> 13:47:15,480
for say and you can also get there
21896
13:47:16,480 --> 13:47:17,480
through the
21897
13:47:17,916 --> 13:47:18,916
installation uh when you're installing
21898
13:47:20,240 --> 13:47:21,240
windows although here's an easier way to
21899
13:47:22,160 --> 13:47:23,160
do it it is only available on windows 7
21900
13:47:25,436 --> 13:47:26,436
and vista it is not this option right
21901
13:47:28,160 --> 13:47:29,160
here is not available on windows xp
21902
13:47:32,956 --> 13:47:33,956
next safe mode
21903
13:47:35,436 --> 13:47:36,436
safe mode starts the system the
21904
13:47:37,680 --> 13:47:38,680
operating system with a minimal set of
21905
13:47:40,080 --> 13:47:41,080
drivers
21906
13:47:41,436 --> 13:47:42,436
this would be used in case one of your
21907
13:47:43,276 --> 13:47:44,276
drivers fails or you're having trouble
21908
13:47:45,680 --> 13:47:46,680
booting in or you're constantly getting
21909
13:47:47,276 --> 13:47:48,276
an error you might try this
21910
13:47:49,436 --> 13:47:50,436
which will only load the operating
21911
13:47:51,040 --> 13:47:52,040
system with the minimal resources it
21912
13:47:52,720 --> 13:47:53,720
needs to run and if it boots in then you
21913
13:47:55,436 --> 13:47:56,436
can not only do some fixing while you're
21914
13:47:58,160 --> 13:47:59,160
in safe mode you might also have
21915
13:47:59,756 --> 13:48:00,756
narrowed down the problem
21916
13:48:02,400 --> 13:48:03,400
it's a good option when you're
21917
13:48:03,520 --> 13:48:04,520
attempting a system restore or when
21918
13:48:05,916 --> 13:48:06,916
you're scanning for viruses because it
21919
13:48:07,520 --> 13:48:08,520
won't load up anything unnecessary
21920
13:48:11,756 --> 13:48:12,756
next is safe mode with networking this
21921
13:48:13,756 --> 13:48:14,756
is the same thing as safe mode
21922
13:48:15,680 --> 13:48:16,680
starting the system with minimal set of
21923
13:48:17,116 --> 13:48:18,116
drivers but it also enables network
21924
13:48:19,756 --> 13:48:20,756
support loading up all those tcp
21925
13:48:22,400 --> 13:48:23,400
stacks etc
21926
13:48:24,080 --> 13:48:25,080
so
21927
13:48:24,956 --> 13:48:25,956
if you want to go out to the internet if
21928
13:48:26,400 --> 13:48:27,400
you need to be downloading driver
21929
13:48:27,756 --> 13:48:28,756
updates this is what you probably want
21930
13:48:29,360 --> 13:48:30,360
to do sometimes i have seen where you
21931
13:48:31,116 --> 13:48:32,116
can boot into uh safe mode with
21932
13:48:33,040 --> 13:48:34,040
networking but not safe mode and oddly
21933
13:48:35,436 --> 13:48:36,436
enough sometimes if you're having
21934
13:48:36,320 --> 13:48:37,320
troubles booting into the operating
21935
13:48:37,596 --> 13:48:38,596
system just booting into safe mode can
21936
13:48:40,320 --> 13:48:41,320
sometimes fix the problem
21937
13:48:42,400 --> 13:48:43,400
sort of allows windows to complete its
21938
13:48:43,916 --> 13:48:44,916
boot up process which allows it to
21939
13:48:45,840 --> 13:48:46,840
complete a cycle of some sort rebooting
21940
13:48:48,160 --> 13:48:49,160
the computer into normal mode then we'll
21941
13:48:49,840 --> 13:48:50,840
fix the problem
21942
13:48:52,240 --> 13:48:53,240
like safe mode with networking safe mode
21943
13:48:54,400 --> 13:48:55,400
with command prompt is similar to
21944
13:48:57,436 --> 13:48:58,436
safe mode it starts the system with a
21945
13:49:00,000 --> 13:49:01,000
minimal set of drivers however
21946
13:49:02,320 --> 13:49:03,320
it starts it into the command prompt
21947
13:49:04,400 --> 13:49:05,400
instead of the windows graphical user
21948
13:49:05,840 --> 13:49:06,840
interface so especially if you're having
21949
13:49:07,360 --> 13:49:08,360
trouble with your graphics card
21950
13:49:09,436 --> 13:49:10,436
or you're having trouble just getting
21951
13:49:10,880 --> 13:49:11,880
into the windows graphical system uh
21952
13:49:13,436 --> 13:49:14,436
going into the command prompt may offer
21953
13:49:15,596 --> 13:49:16,596
you a work around the this is why it's
21954
13:49:18,080 --> 13:49:19,080
also beneficial to know uh dos commands
21955
13:49:23,520 --> 13:49:24,520
um the next one enable boot logging
21956
13:49:26,080 --> 13:49:27,080
will create a file called ntb
21957
13:49:29,680 --> 13:49:30,680
t log that's nt new technology
21958
13:49:33,116 --> 13:49:34,116
btbootlog.txt
21959
13:49:35,596 --> 13:49:36,596
this gives you a file
21960
13:49:37,680 --> 13:49:38,680
that logs everything that happened while
21961
13:49:40,000 --> 13:49:41,000
the computer was booting up
21962
13:49:41,840 --> 13:49:42,840
this can give you a glimpse and some
21963
13:49:43,756 --> 13:49:44,756
insight into the boot process so if
21964
13:49:46,956 --> 13:49:47,956
something is crashing during your
21965
13:49:49,276 --> 13:49:50,276
windows boot this will give you an idea
21966
13:49:50,956 --> 13:49:51,956
of what the problem is and can then
21967
13:49:52,880 --> 13:49:53,880
enable you to fix it
21968
13:49:56,480 --> 13:49:57,480
low resolution video mode otherwise
21969
13:49:58,880 --> 13:49:59,880
known as vga mode
21970
13:50:01,436 --> 13:50:02,436
uses a standard vga driver in place of
21971
13:50:04,080 --> 13:50:05,080
the graphic processing unit specific
21972
13:50:06,160 --> 13:50:07,160
display driver this can also be called
21973
13:50:08,160 --> 13:50:09,160
vga mode
21974
13:50:11,520 --> 13:50:12,520
so basically it loads up the most basic
21975
13:50:14,400 --> 13:50:15,400
video card driver so in case you're
21976
13:50:16,400 --> 13:50:17,400
having trouble getting video this will
21977
13:50:18,560 --> 13:50:19,560
force the computer to use the most basic
21978
13:50:20,640 --> 13:50:21,640
generic video driver available and then
21979
13:50:23,436 --> 13:50:24,436
you'll be able to get into the system
21980
13:50:24,480 --> 13:50:25,480
and hopefully fix some of your issues
21981
13:50:26,560 --> 13:50:27,560
it uses all the other drivers as normal
21982
13:50:28,800 --> 13:50:29,800
so this is like a safe mode only for
21983
13:50:30,640 --> 13:50:31,640
video
21984
13:50:33,200 --> 13:50:34,200
uh as i mentioned it is called
21985
13:50:35,916 --> 13:50:36,916
vga mode in the windows xp and possibly
21986
13:50:39,040 --> 13:50:40,040
in like the windows 2000
21987
13:50:40,956 --> 13:50:41,956
uh boot menus
21988
13:50:44,800 --> 13:50:45,800
next
21989
13:50:46,000 --> 13:50:47,000
last known
21990
13:50:47,116 --> 13:50:48,116
good configuration which is also known
21991
13:50:49,200 --> 13:50:50,200
lkg and i do see this on the test a bit
21992
13:50:53,840 --> 13:50:54,840
this starts the system with the last
21993
13:50:55,680 --> 13:50:56,680
configuration that was known to work so
21994
13:50:58,320 --> 13:50:59,320
let's say the last time i boot into
21995
13:50:59,596 --> 13:51:00,596
windows i had no problem
21996
13:51:01,200 --> 13:51:02,200
and then i reboot and suddenly i can't
21997
13:51:03,116 --> 13:51:04,116
get in if i choose last known good
21998
13:51:05,040 --> 13:51:06,040
configuration it will boot up based on
21999
13:51:07,756 --> 13:51:08,756
the last time i was able to boot into
22000
13:51:10,080 --> 13:51:11,080
the computer so this is useful for
22001
13:51:11,840 --> 13:51:12,840
solving any issues especially with
22002
13:51:13,840 --> 13:51:14,840
hardware software updates things that
22003
13:51:15,680 --> 13:51:16,680
have changed to the system and as i
22004
13:51:17,520 --> 13:51:18,520
mentioned the way it knows the last good
22005
13:51:20,400 --> 13:51:21,400
no the last known good configuration is
22006
13:51:22,880 --> 13:51:23,880
that it is derived from the most recent
22007
13:51:24,640 --> 13:51:25,640
successful login so every time you log
22008
13:51:27,116 --> 13:51:28,116
in successfully and get into windows it
22009
13:51:29,276 --> 13:51:30,276
logs that as a last known good
22010
13:51:30,880 --> 13:51:31,880
configuration and then you can
22011
13:51:33,756 --> 13:51:34,756
choose this option to
22012
13:51:35,596 --> 13:51:36,596
log in as though the settings were at
22013
13:51:37,596 --> 13:51:38,596
that last point
22014
13:51:43,200 --> 13:51:44,200
directory services restore mode
22015
13:51:45,916 --> 13:51:46,916
is used to restore a domain controller's
22016
13:51:48,320 --> 13:51:49,320
active directory a domain controller is
22017
13:51:50,480 --> 13:51:51,480
specific to windows 2000 uh servers
22018
13:51:53,040 --> 13:51:54,040
windows 2008 server 1 2012 server
22019
13:51:55,916 --> 13:51:56,916
and it's specifically at uh domain
22020
13:51:57,840 --> 13:51:58,840
controllers um for
22021
13:52:00,956 --> 13:52:01,956
uh computers that act as authentication
22022
13:52:04,400 --> 13:52:05,400
sort of stores in other words if i want
22023
13:52:06,640 --> 13:52:07,640
to log my computer onto your network the
22024
13:52:08,720 --> 13:52:09,720
domain controller will check to make
22025
13:52:10,800 --> 13:52:11,800
sure i have the correct name username
22026
13:52:13,040 --> 13:52:14,040
and password although uh so although
22027
13:52:15,680 --> 13:52:16,680
it's mentioned on windows 7 vista and xp
22028
13:52:18,240 --> 13:52:19,240
boot menu it actually is not use used at
22029
13:52:21,360 --> 13:52:22,360
all the only time you would ever use
22030
13:52:22,720 --> 13:52:23,720
this is really in a server it just sort
22031
13:52:24,640 --> 13:52:25,640
of left over there and it's there i
22032
13:52:26,640 --> 13:52:27,640
guess in case you're using windows 7 for
22033
13:52:28,560 --> 13:52:29,560
some reason as a as a domain controller
22034
13:52:31,040 --> 13:52:32,040
uh however i've never really seen that
22035
13:52:32,880 --> 13:52:33,880
done
22036
13:52:36,000 --> 13:52:37,000
next is the debugging mode
22037
13:52:38,240 --> 13:52:39,240
this enables a debug program to examine
22038
13:52:40,800 --> 13:52:41,800
your system kernel the system kernel by
22039
13:52:42,956 --> 13:52:43,956
the way if we think about an operating
22040
13:52:44,956 --> 13:52:45,956
system uh as
22041
13:52:47,040 --> 13:52:48,040
perhaps a nut
22042
13:52:48,720 --> 13:52:49,720
the kernel is what everything else is
22043
13:52:50,720 --> 13:52:51,720
working on
22044
13:52:51,840 --> 13:52:52,840
so
22045
13:52:52,560 --> 13:52:53,560
there's a kernel and then there's sort
22046
13:52:54,000 --> 13:52:55,000
of a software services and then a user
22047
13:52:56,560 --> 13:52:57,560
access point and we
22048
13:52:58,800 --> 13:52:59,800
work through the gui
22049
13:53:01,116 --> 13:53:02,116
into the kernel
22050
13:53:02,800 --> 13:53:03,800
so it is examines the center part of the
22051
13:53:05,116 --> 13:53:06,116
operating system for any problems
22052
13:53:09,276 --> 13:53:10,276
next disable automatic restart on system
22053
13:53:11,840 --> 13:53:12,840
failure
22054
13:53:12,800 --> 13:53:13,800
is specifically if you're getting into a
22055
13:53:14,400 --> 13:53:15,400
loop what it does is if an error causes
22056
13:53:16,880 --> 13:53:17,880
windows to fail
22057
13:53:18,956 --> 13:53:19,956
it'll generally restart windows and
22058
13:53:21,360 --> 13:53:22,360
sometimes if you have the same
22059
13:53:23,680 --> 13:53:24,680
uh
22060
13:53:24,480 --> 13:53:25,480
the same error occurring
22061
13:53:27,200 --> 13:53:28,200
this will cause a loop of errors so you
22062
13:53:30,240 --> 13:53:31,240
boot into windows windows notices an
22063
13:53:31,916 --> 13:53:32,916
error it restarts the computer this
22064
13:53:33,520 --> 13:53:34,520
keeps on happening you can choose this
22065
13:53:35,680 --> 13:53:36,680
option to disable that feature that way
22066
13:53:38,160 --> 13:53:39,160
the computer will stop rebooting you'll
22067
13:53:39,680 --> 13:53:40,680
get out of your loop and hopefully you
22068
13:53:41,360 --> 13:53:42,360
can fix the issue at hand
22069
13:53:45,756 --> 13:53:46,756
so as i mentioned the loop is when
22070
13:53:47,756 --> 13:53:48,756
windows fails attempts to restart and
22071
13:53:49,756 --> 13:53:50,756
then fails again repeatedly
22072
13:53:51,756 --> 13:53:52,756
you would choose this option in order to
22073
13:53:53,436 --> 13:53:54,436
disable that feature which supposedly is
22074
13:53:55,520 --> 13:53:56,520
helping windows from hurting itself
22075
13:54:00,720 --> 13:54:01,720
next disable driver signature
22076
13:54:02,320 --> 13:54:03,320
enforcement we talked in the last
22077
13:54:04,240 --> 13:54:05,240
lessons about
22078
13:54:06,160 --> 13:54:07,160
driver signing and how windows won't
22079
13:54:08,320 --> 13:54:09,320
allow you to install drivers that are
22080
13:54:10,560 --> 13:54:11,560
not signed by microsoft
22081
13:54:12,400 --> 13:54:13,400
now in some cases you might want to
22082
13:54:14,000 --> 13:54:15,000
install them
22083
13:54:15,116 --> 13:54:16,116
and so what you can do is this will um
22084
13:54:17,840 --> 13:54:18,840
running in this mode disables the
22085
13:54:20,320 --> 13:54:21,320
feature that requires you to only
22086
13:54:22,480 --> 13:54:23,480
install
22087
13:54:23,520 --> 13:54:24,520
uh driver
22088
13:54:25,200 --> 13:54:26,200
signed
22089
13:54:26,800 --> 13:54:27,800
drivers that are been signed by
22090
13:54:28,080 --> 13:54:29,080
microsoft so this enables drivers
22091
13:54:29,916 --> 13:54:30,916
containing and proper signatures to be
22092
13:54:32,160 --> 13:54:33,160
installed on the operating system
22093
13:54:36,880 --> 13:54:37,880
finally there is start windows normally
22094
13:54:39,200 --> 13:54:40,200
and this is used to boot into a regular
22095
13:54:41,200 --> 13:54:42,200
windows installation now the reason you
22096
13:54:43,360 --> 13:54:44,360
this is here is in case uh you
22097
13:54:45,520 --> 13:54:46,520
inadvertently or accidentally pressed f8
22098
13:54:47,840 --> 13:54:48,840
or
22099
13:54:49,116 --> 13:54:50,116
in case uh you closed out of windows uh
22100
13:54:52,160 --> 13:54:53,160
accidentally beforehand um or it's sort
22101
13:54:55,200 --> 13:54:56,200
of crashed on you and you've been thrown
22102
13:54:57,040 --> 13:54:58,040
into this advanced boot options menu
22103
13:54:59,756 --> 13:55:00,756
automatically and you don't have a
22104
13:55:01,116 --> 13:55:02,116
choice you can choose to start windows
22105
13:55:03,116 --> 13:55:04,116
normally and bypass sort of any
22106
13:55:05,436 --> 13:55:06,436
troubleshooting you might want to do
22107
13:55:09,596 --> 13:55:10,596
next let's look at the windows recovery
22108
13:55:11,276 --> 13:55:12,276
environment so we just looked at the
22109
13:55:12,640 --> 13:55:13,640
advanced boot options menu
22110
13:55:14,640 --> 13:55:15,640
this is specific again
22111
13:55:16,560 --> 13:55:17,560
to uh
22112
13:55:20,080 --> 13:55:21,080
windows 7 or vista
22113
13:55:23,680 --> 13:55:24,680
and remember that was that first option
22114
13:55:25,200 --> 13:55:26,200
we had in the advanced boot options menu
22115
13:55:27,276 --> 13:55:28,276
you can also get to it by using the
22116
13:55:29,200 --> 13:55:30,200
vista 7 dvd so we can either get there
22117
13:55:31,840 --> 13:55:32,840
from using the boot menu which is f8 or
22118
13:55:35,200 --> 13:55:36,200
from booting from the dvd
22119
13:55:38,640 --> 13:55:39,640
you can recover various installations of
22120
13:55:40,560 --> 13:55:41,560
windows so if i have um
22121
13:55:43,916 --> 13:55:44,916
i can do a startup repair which would
22122
13:55:46,640 --> 13:55:47,640
fix any problems that are preventing my
22123
13:55:48,160 --> 13:55:49,160
windows from starting i can do a system
22124
13:55:50,080 --> 13:55:51,080
restore using a restore point like we've
22125
13:55:51,916 --> 13:55:52,916
talked about in the um
22126
13:55:55,116 --> 13:55:56,116
in the in the last lesson
22127
13:55:57,360 --> 13:55:58,360
in the backup area
22128
13:55:59,040 --> 13:56:00,040
we can also restore from an image
22129
13:56:02,320 --> 13:56:03,320
if we're having
22130
13:56:04,560 --> 13:56:05,560
trouble with
22131
13:56:05,916 --> 13:56:06,916
memory uh for instance our memory is
22132
13:56:08,160 --> 13:56:09,160
crashing on us we can do a diagnostic
22133
13:56:10,000 --> 13:56:11,000
that would tell us what issues occur and
22134
13:56:12,240 --> 13:56:13,240
perhaps i'm having issues and that i
22135
13:56:14,320 --> 13:56:15,320
only consult through the command prompt
22136
13:56:15,756 --> 13:56:16,756
it will let me get in there
22137
13:56:17,680 --> 13:56:18,680
finally you can always shut down and
22138
13:56:18,956 --> 13:56:19,956
restart from this menu
22139
13:56:23,116 --> 13:56:24,116
now in windows xp we have something very
22140
13:56:24,800 --> 13:56:25,800
different it's called the recovery
22141
13:56:26,080 --> 13:56:27,080
console it is a command line only
22142
13:56:28,560 --> 13:56:29,560
interface used for repairs so this is
22143
13:56:31,520 --> 13:56:32,520
the equivalent of win re
22144
13:56:35,596 --> 13:56:36,596
in xp there's no graphical user
22145
13:56:37,680 --> 13:56:38,680
interface though it is just command line
22146
13:56:40,480 --> 13:56:41,480
when you get to this window the way you
22147
13:56:41,916 --> 13:56:42,916
get here by the way
22148
13:56:43,680 --> 13:56:44,680
is it's included on the windows xp
22149
13:56:45,436 --> 13:56:46,436
installation cd and you press r after
22150
13:56:48,320 --> 13:56:49,320
you've been booted into installation to
22151
13:56:50,320 --> 13:56:51,320
go to the recovery console
22152
13:56:52,400 --> 13:56:53,400
when you get here you'll then choose
22153
13:56:55,916 --> 13:56:56,916
which windows
22154
13:56:57,680 --> 13:56:58,680
installation you want you can see they
22155
13:56:59,200 --> 13:57:00,200
chose one right here
22156
13:57:00,720 --> 13:57:01,720
um
22157
13:57:01,840 --> 13:57:02,840
if you have more than one windows
22158
13:57:03,116 --> 13:57:04,116
installation that's why that's going to
22159
13:57:04,160 --> 13:57:05,160
pop up and then you have to enter your
22160
13:57:06,240 --> 13:57:07,240
windows administrator password if you
22161
13:57:08,560 --> 13:57:09,560
don't have a windows administrator
22162
13:57:09,680 --> 13:57:10,680
password some of this can be tricky and
22163
13:57:10,800 --> 13:57:11,800
if you don't know your administrator
22164
13:57:11,916 --> 13:57:12,916
password you're in trouble
22165
13:57:16,000 --> 13:57:17,000
this is invaluable when the system can't
22166
13:57:17,916 --> 13:57:18,916
start due to missing or corrupted files
22167
13:57:19,596 --> 13:57:20,596
particularly like nt loader i think we
22168
13:57:22,400 --> 13:57:23,400
talked about that in boot
22169
13:57:24,560 --> 13:57:25,560
issues and we'll talk about that i think
22170
13:57:25,840 --> 13:57:26,840
in the next lesson as well
22171
13:57:27,520 --> 13:57:28,520
this is where you could copy over the nt
22172
13:57:29,436 --> 13:57:30,436
loader file from a previous cd etc
22173
13:57:34,480 --> 13:57:35,480
now these missing files could block the
22174
13:57:36,640 --> 13:57:37,640
advanced boot options menu which is why
22175
13:57:38,956 --> 13:57:39,956
you can't get in and do a system restore
22176
13:57:41,200 --> 13:57:42,200
or a last known good configuration
22177
13:57:46,080 --> 13:57:47,080
finally let's look at some advanced
22178
13:57:47,360 --> 13:57:48,360
recovery methods
22179
13:57:49,276 --> 13:57:50,276
you can get these all of these you can
22180
13:57:50,956 --> 13:57:51,956
get to in windows 7 and windows vista
22181
13:57:53,680 --> 13:57:54,680
and
22182
13:57:54,720 --> 13:57:55,720
if the methods you've already tried
22183
13:57:56,160 --> 13:57:57,160
don't don't work you can try using the
22184
13:57:58,240 --> 13:57:59,240
advanced recovery of course you have to
22185
13:58:00,160 --> 13:58:01,160
get into windows and go to the control
22186
13:58:01,916 --> 13:58:02,916
panel
22187
13:58:03,916 --> 13:58:04,916
there are two main options here
22188
13:58:06,240 --> 13:58:07,240
one is as we already saw in windows
22189
13:58:08,560 --> 13:58:09,560
recovery is you can use a system image
22190
13:58:10,720 --> 13:58:11,720
you've already created to recover the
22191
13:58:12,240 --> 13:58:13,240
computer basically you're restoring from
22192
13:58:14,000 --> 13:58:15,000
a backup
22193
13:58:15,276 --> 13:58:16,276
the other option is to do what's called
22194
13:58:16,560 --> 13:58:17,560
an in-place upgrade or a repair
22195
13:58:19,360 --> 13:58:20,360
installation of windows
22196
13:58:21,680 --> 13:58:22,680
so basically you're restoring files from
22197
13:58:23,436 --> 13:58:24,436
a backup
22198
13:58:24,480 --> 13:58:25,480
and you're
22199
13:58:26,320 --> 13:58:27,320
going to reinstall windows so it
22200
13:58:28,956 --> 13:58:29,956
copies over all the current windows
22201
13:58:30,480 --> 13:58:31,480
system files replacing them with brand
22202
13:58:32,320 --> 13:58:33,320
spanking new ones
22203
13:58:34,160 --> 13:58:35,160
this is also called an in-place upgrade
22204
13:58:38,080 --> 13:58:39,080
so
22205
13:58:39,436 --> 13:58:40,436
you don't lose any of your data
22206
13:58:41,040 --> 13:58:42,040
hopefully sometimes you can uh so it's
22207
13:58:43,596 --> 13:58:44,596
always good as i mentioned to restore
22208
13:58:45,436 --> 13:58:46,436
files from your backup or make a backup
22209
13:58:47,360 --> 13:58:48,360
of your data however what this does is
22210
13:58:49,520 --> 13:58:50,520
it reinstalls windows over the current
22211
13:58:51,756 --> 13:58:52,756
installation it does not erase anything
22212
13:58:54,240 --> 13:58:55,240
it just overwrites
22213
13:58:57,680 --> 13:58:58,680
so we've talked about now the advanced
22214
13:59:00,000 --> 13:59:01,000
boot options menu which we get to by
22215
13:59:02,560 --> 13:59:03,560
pressing f8
22216
13:59:04,160 --> 13:59:05,160
the windows recovery environment
22217
13:59:06,400 --> 13:59:07,400
which again was specific to vista
22218
13:59:10,560 --> 13:59:11,560
and seven
22219
13:59:12,000 --> 13:59:13,000
the windows xp recovery console we get
22220
13:59:14,400 --> 13:59:15,400
by pressing r
22221
13:59:17,040 --> 13:59:18,040
in the xp installation
22222
13:59:23,276 --> 13:59:24,276
and some advanced recovery options which
22223
13:59:25,596 --> 13:59:26,596
include
22224
13:59:26,720 --> 13:59:27,720
restoring
22225
13:59:30,640 --> 13:59:31,640
from an image
22226
13:59:33,680 --> 13:59:34,680
or
22227
13:59:34,480 --> 13:59:35,480
doing a
22228
13:59:35,680 --> 13:59:36,680
repair
22229
13:59:37,596 --> 13:59:38,596
installation
22230
13:59:44,880 --> 13:59:45,880
so having gone over all of these let's
22231
13:59:46,800 --> 13:59:47,800
now get into uh some i believe boot uh
22232
13:59:50,480 --> 13:59:51,480
specifically let's get into more
22233
13:59:51,840 --> 13:59:52,840
troubleshooting but let's also talk
22234
13:59:53,596 --> 13:59:54,596
about some boot
22235
13:59:54,956 --> 13:59:55,956
issues and errors that occur and how we
22236
13:59:56,480 --> 13:59:57,480
would troubleshoot those
22237
14:00:01,690 --> 14:00:02,690
[Music]
22238
14:00:22,160 --> 14:00:23,160
troubleshooting windows
22239
14:00:24,080 --> 14:00:25,080
boot errors
22240
14:00:26,080 --> 14:00:27,080
so we looked at some tools you can get
22241
14:00:27,916 --> 14:00:28,916
to in the boot process but now let's
22242
14:00:30,240 --> 14:00:31,240
look at some of the errors that occur
22243
14:00:31,916 --> 14:00:32,916
with some of the boot
22244
14:00:34,320 --> 14:00:35,320
files that are required to start and
22245
14:00:36,640 --> 14:00:37,640
boot into windows
22246
14:00:38,400 --> 14:00:39,400
these don't encompass every single boot
22247
14:00:40,800 --> 14:00:41,800
error that you might encounter but these
22248
14:00:42,560 --> 14:00:43,560
are the ones i see most often and they
22249
14:00:44,480 --> 14:00:45,480
relate almost directly to the section we
22250
14:00:46,560 --> 14:00:47,560
covered earlier about boot files
22251
14:00:51,040 --> 14:00:52,040
so uh first we're going to talk about
22252
14:00:52,880 --> 14:00:53,880
boot errors in windows 7 and vista and
22253
14:00:55,916 --> 14:00:56,916
these include
22254
14:00:57,756 --> 14:00:58,756
errors with the boot manager one of the
22255
14:00:59,916 --> 14:01:00,916
files required to start windows
22256
14:01:02,320 --> 14:01:03,320
and uh an error set that says bcd file
22257
14:01:05,596 --> 14:01:06,596
is missing required info again don't
22258
14:01:07,916 --> 14:01:08,916
forget the bcd uh file
22259
14:01:10,880 --> 14:01:11,880
that we saw
22260
14:01:12,480 --> 14:01:13,480
when we talked about windows 7 or vista
22261
14:01:14,640 --> 14:01:15,640
boot files
22262
14:01:15,916 --> 14:01:16,916
then we're going to look at the windows
22263
14:01:17,116 --> 14:01:18,116
xp boot errors including the nt dect
22264
14:01:20,720 --> 14:01:21,720
failed
22265
14:01:22,080 --> 14:01:23,080
the nt loader is missing which
22266
14:01:24,480 --> 14:01:25,480
as far as i'm concerned is the number
22267
14:01:26,320 --> 14:01:27,320
one boot error
22268
14:01:27,840 --> 14:01:28,840
question you might see on the exam
22269
14:01:30,320 --> 14:01:31,320
and then an invalid boot.ini
22270
14:01:33,200 --> 14:01:34,200
error message
22271
14:01:36,720 --> 14:01:37,720
so first let's talk about the windows 7
22272
14:01:38,400 --> 14:01:39,400
vista boot errors if a boot error is
22273
14:01:41,680 --> 14:01:42,680
operating system related i.e it's not
22274
14:01:44,800 --> 14:01:45,800
hardware related or it's not a
22275
14:01:47,596 --> 14:01:48,596
third-party application related you're
22276
14:01:49,520 --> 14:01:50,520
gonna get some sort of message that's
22277
14:01:51,436 --> 14:01:52,436
gonna allow you to troubleshoot it or
22278
14:01:53,360 --> 14:01:54,360
ask you to troubleshoot it
22279
14:01:55,276 --> 14:01:56,276
windows 7 vista boot errors use sorry
22280
14:01:58,640 --> 14:01:59,640
windows 7 or vista boot using the boot
22281
14:02:01,840 --> 14:02:02,840
manager or the boot configuration data
22282
14:02:04,480 --> 14:02:05,480
file the bcd during the startup process
22283
14:02:07,680 --> 14:02:08,680
so it's in these two files
22284
14:02:10,080 --> 14:02:11,080
that we see the errors that occur
22285
14:02:14,400 --> 14:02:15,400
so the first one we somehow see is the
22286
14:02:15,840 --> 14:02:16,840
boot manager is missing
22287
14:02:18,000 --> 14:02:19,000
this displays if the boot manager file
22288
14:02:20,000 --> 14:02:21,000
is missing or corrupt and remember the
22289
14:02:21,756 --> 14:02:22,756
boot manager file
22290
14:02:24,320 --> 14:02:25,320
is what provides information on
22291
14:02:26,560 --> 14:02:27,560
different operating systems and
22292
14:02:28,720 --> 14:02:29,720
looks to the bcd for information
22293
14:02:32,160 --> 14:02:33,160
it'll probably also tell you to press
22294
14:02:34,320 --> 14:02:35,320
ctrl alt delete which
22295
14:02:37,040 --> 14:02:38,040
is how you can get to the task manager
22296
14:02:38,720 --> 14:02:39,720
in windows or uh in a dos prompt or
22297
14:02:41,916 --> 14:02:42,916
before we get to into windows will allow
22298
14:02:44,000 --> 14:02:45,000
you to restart the computer so if you're
22299
14:02:46,160 --> 14:02:47,160
ever in the middle of a boot process
22300
14:02:48,320 --> 14:02:49,320
pressing ctrl delete will reboot it
22301
14:02:50,160 --> 14:02:51,160
however what this is insinuating is even
22302
14:02:52,400 --> 14:02:53,400
pressing control delete is still going
22303
14:02:54,800 --> 14:02:55,800
to lead to the same problem if it is
22304
14:02:57,756 --> 14:02:58,756
an issue
22305
14:02:58,800 --> 14:02:59,800
so there are two methods to repair this
22306
14:03:00,560 --> 14:03:01,560
boot manager error the first is to boot
22307
14:03:02,800 --> 14:03:03,800
into the system recovery options menu
22308
14:03:05,596 --> 14:03:06,596
and select the startup repair option
22309
14:03:08,160 --> 14:03:09,160
okay so you remember we go into
22310
14:03:10,720 --> 14:03:11,720
the windows re
22311
14:03:13,116 --> 14:03:14,116
and use a startup repair
22312
14:03:15,200 --> 14:03:16,200
to
22313
14:03:16,800 --> 14:03:17,800
fix that issue alternatively we can
22314
14:03:18,880 --> 14:03:19,880
select uh
22315
14:03:20,480 --> 14:03:21,480
you know the recovery
22316
14:03:22,640 --> 14:03:23,640
options from the a-bomb
22317
14:03:25,276 --> 14:03:26,276
the boot menu
22318
14:03:28,800 --> 14:03:29,800
the second is to boot into system
22319
14:03:31,040 --> 14:03:32,040
recovery options and select the command
22320
14:03:33,116 --> 14:03:34,116
prompt and once you're there you can
22321
14:03:35,756 --> 14:03:36,756
type this
22322
14:03:38,320 --> 14:03:39,320
command
22323
14:03:39,596 --> 14:03:40,596
boot rec
22324
14:03:41,596 --> 14:03:42,596
fix boot
22325
14:03:42,956 --> 14:03:43,956
okay
22326
14:03:43,916 --> 14:03:44,916
and um that's boot recovery
22327
14:03:46,956 --> 14:03:47,956
using the fix boot switch we'll take a
22328
14:03:49,596 --> 14:03:50,596
look at the boot recovery tool a little
22329
14:03:51,200 --> 14:03:52,200
bit later when we talk about command
22330
14:03:52,560 --> 14:03:53,560
line tools but this is a very important
22331
14:03:55,200 --> 14:03:56,200
option to remember and you're going to
22332
14:03:56,880 --> 14:03:57,880
want to remember it in relation again to
22333
14:03:59,916 --> 14:04:00,916
the boot manager is missing error you're
22334
14:04:02,640 --> 14:04:03,640
we're about to see that there is a boot
22335
14:04:05,520 --> 14:04:06,520
boot recovery option for the bcd as well
22336
14:04:09,276 --> 14:04:10,276
so fix boot is your fixing the boot
22337
14:04:11,276 --> 14:04:12,276
manager file
22338
14:04:13,680 --> 14:04:14,680
the next one is the bcd file is missing
22339
14:04:16,720 --> 14:04:17,720
this means the boot manager is not in
22340
14:04:19,520 --> 14:04:20,520
the boot configuration data store or the
22341
14:04:22,400 --> 14:04:23,400
bcd file in the active partition is
22342
14:04:24,160 --> 14:04:25,160
damaged or missing remember
22343
14:04:26,640 --> 14:04:27,640
boot configuration data
22344
14:04:28,800 --> 14:04:29,800
gives information to the boot manager
22345
14:04:30,560 --> 14:04:31,560
and what to do so if the boot
22346
14:04:31,756 --> 14:04:32,756
configuration data file isn't there
22347
14:04:33,680 --> 14:04:34,680
we're in trouble
22348
14:04:35,360 --> 14:04:36,360
the bcd store needs to be repaired or
22349
14:04:37,436 --> 14:04:38,436
rebuilt therefore so uh the first way to
22350
14:04:40,080 --> 14:04:41,080
do this is to boot into system
22351
14:04:41,360 --> 14:04:42,360
recoveries and select the startup repair
22352
14:04:43,200 --> 14:04:44,200
option just like we saw again that's in
22353
14:04:44,956 --> 14:04:45,956
the windows recovery console on windows
22354
14:04:47,756 --> 14:04:48,756
7 or vista
22355
14:04:49,116 --> 14:04:50,116
the second option is to boot into system
22356
14:04:51,276 --> 14:04:52,276
recovery options select the command
22357
14:04:53,116 --> 14:04:54,116
prompt and this time use the boot
22358
14:04:55,596 --> 14:04:56,596
the boot
22359
14:04:56,880 --> 14:04:57,880
recovery rebuild bcd switch so remember
22360
14:05:01,756 --> 14:05:02,756
fix boot
22361
14:05:04,880 --> 14:05:05,880
is for
22362
14:05:05,916 --> 14:05:06,916
boot manager
22363
14:05:09,436 --> 14:05:10,436
okay
22364
14:05:10,400 --> 14:05:11,400
rebuild bcd is for the bcd error
22365
14:05:13,200 --> 14:05:14,200
remember those two things and you'll be
22366
14:05:14,956 --> 14:05:15,956
fine for the test
22367
14:05:18,480 --> 14:05:19,480
now you also may need to remove the old
22368
14:05:20,640 --> 14:05:21,640
bcd file
22369
14:05:22,080 --> 14:05:23,080
first
22370
14:05:23,116 --> 14:05:24,116
using the command prompt and the del
22371
14:05:24,956 --> 14:05:25,956
command the delete command
22372
14:05:28,640 --> 14:05:29,640
all right let's look at the windows xp
22373
14:05:30,480 --> 14:05:31,480
boot errors
22374
14:05:32,240 --> 14:05:33,240
during startup again windows xp uses
22375
14:05:35,040 --> 14:05:36,040
four files three we really need to be
22376
14:05:36,640 --> 14:05:37,640
concerned with the first is the ntld r
22377
14:05:39,756 --> 14:05:40,756
the bootloader
22378
14:05:41,680 --> 14:05:42,680
nt loader right nt standing for new
22379
14:05:44,320 --> 14:05:45,320
technology
22380
14:05:46,720 --> 14:05:47,720
the boot.ini file
22381
14:05:50,240 --> 14:05:51,240
the nt
22382
14:05:51,480 --> 14:05:52,480
ntdetect.com file which detects which
22383
14:05:54,240 --> 14:05:55,240
operating system we're going to and the
22384
14:05:56,160 --> 14:05:57,160
ntos kernel.exe file this we're not
22385
14:05:59,520 --> 14:06:00,520
going to have many issues with and we
22386
14:06:00,956 --> 14:06:01,956
didn't talk about it when we talked
22387
14:06:02,240 --> 14:06:03,240
about boot files but this is basically
22388
14:06:04,240 --> 14:06:05,240
the uh the kernel of the operating
22389
14:06:06,320 --> 14:06:07,320
system that loads
22390
14:06:08,640 --> 14:06:09,640
now if any of these files are corrupted
22391
14:06:10,480 --> 14:06:11,480
or missing you'll get one of the
22392
14:06:11,360 --> 14:06:12,360
following sort of messages nt detect has
22393
14:06:14,240 --> 14:06:15,240
failed
22394
14:06:15,200 --> 14:06:16,200
and this displays if the nt detect
22395
14:06:17,596 --> 14:06:18,596
dot com file is missing or corrupt the
22396
14:06:20,320 --> 14:06:21,320
nt loader file is missing again the most
22397
14:06:23,596 --> 14:06:24,596
common one i see on the test
22398
14:06:25,596 --> 14:06:26,596
which displays if the nt loader file is
22399
14:06:27,916 --> 14:06:28,916
missing or corrupt
22400
14:06:29,436 --> 14:06:30,436
and then an invalid boot.ini file which
22401
14:06:32,880 --> 14:06:33,880
will display if the boot ini file is
22402
14:06:34,880 --> 14:06:35,880
missing or corrupt do we see a pattern
22403
14:06:36,800 --> 14:06:37,800
here it doesn't only mean that the file
22404
14:06:38,560 --> 14:06:39,560
has been deleted it could mean that it's
22405
14:06:39,840 --> 14:06:40,840
been corrupted and no longer can be
22406
14:06:41,436 --> 14:06:42,436
accessed
22407
14:06:44,320 --> 14:06:45,320
so
22408
14:06:45,840 --> 14:06:46,840
to repair these issues you can do a
22409
14:06:47,840 --> 14:06:48,840
couple things
22410
14:06:50,080 --> 14:06:51,080
the most common is in all these cases
22411
14:06:52,480 --> 14:06:53,480
reboot to the windows cd
22412
14:06:54,640 --> 14:06:55,640
and access the recovery console and
22413
14:06:57,436 --> 14:06:58,436
recopy the file from windows cd-rom or
22414
14:06:59,840 --> 14:07:00,840
backup media what i see this most in is
22415
14:07:02,560 --> 14:07:03,560
nt loader my nt loader file is broken
22416
14:07:06,000 --> 14:07:07,000
i'm getting an error message what do you
22417
14:07:07,916 --> 14:07:08,916
do what you do is you load into a
22418
14:07:10,080 --> 14:07:11,080
command prompt and you copy it from a
22419
14:07:12,640 --> 14:07:13,640
previous installation disk or a previous
22420
14:07:15,596 --> 14:07:16,596
image or backup
22421
14:07:17,916 --> 14:07:18,916
the other thing you can do is run a
22422
14:07:19,680 --> 14:07:20,680
repair installation
22423
14:07:21,596 --> 14:07:22,596
to restore or restore windows which will
22424
14:07:24,400 --> 14:07:25,400
again overwrite over this all the system
22425
14:07:26,400 --> 14:07:27,400
files although it should not delete any
22426
14:07:28,480 --> 14:07:29,480
of your personal files
22427
14:07:30,560 --> 14:07:31,560
as i mentioned i just want to lock this
22428
14:07:32,080 --> 14:07:33,080
in one more time the nt loader error is
22429
14:07:34,160 --> 14:07:35,160
the number one error i see the most when
22430
14:07:36,320 --> 14:07:37,320
it comes to booting up options
22431
14:07:40,160 --> 14:07:41,160
so now we've talked about boot errors
22432
14:07:42,480 --> 14:07:43,480
including the windows 7 vista boot
22433
14:07:44,560 --> 14:07:45,560
arrows which include the boot manager is
22434
14:07:46,320 --> 14:07:47,320
missing in which case
22435
14:07:48,956 --> 14:07:49,956
we can use the gui system in the r
22436
14:07:51,436 --> 14:07:52,436
windows recovery or
22437
14:07:54,240 --> 14:07:55,240
use the fix boot switch on the boot
22438
14:07:56,880 --> 14:07:57,880
recovery tool in a command prompt the
22439
14:07:59,596 --> 14:08:00,596
bcd
22440
14:08:00,880 --> 14:08:01,880
file is missing which would use
22441
14:08:04,000 --> 14:08:05,000
boot
22442
14:08:04,956 --> 14:08:05,956
rec
22443
14:08:06,560 --> 14:08:07,560
slash
22444
14:08:09,436 --> 14:08:10,436
rebuild bcd excuse me
22445
14:08:12,800 --> 14:08:13,800
read that
22446
14:08:23,916 --> 14:08:24,916
okay and then the windows xp boot errors
22447
14:08:26,080 --> 14:08:27,080
including the nt detect failed the nt
22448
14:08:28,400 --> 14:08:29,400
loader is missing and the invalid boot
22449
14:08:30,240 --> 14:08:31,240
ini the number one thing i want you to
22450
14:08:31,916 --> 14:08:32,916
remember about that is copy
22451
14:08:35,756 --> 14:08:36,756
a good file
22452
14:08:42,000 --> 14:08:43,000
from say a cd dvd
22453
14:08:46,720 --> 14:08:47,720
or backup
22454
14:08:49,360 --> 14:08:50,360
so that was a really brief overview of
22455
14:08:51,360 --> 14:08:52,360
some of the boot errors these are
22456
14:08:52,560 --> 14:08:53,560
specifically the ones i see on the a
22457
14:08:54,320 --> 14:08:55,320
plus exam
22458
14:08:55,520 --> 14:08:56,520
okay
22459
14:08:57,276 --> 14:08:58,276
and so i want you to remember these in
22460
14:08:59,116 --> 14:09:00,116
specific
22461
14:09:02,956 --> 14:09:03,956
now let's keep talking about
22462
14:09:04,320 --> 14:09:05,320
troubleshooting windows and other issues
22463
14:09:06,160 --> 14:09:07,160
we're going to see pop up on the exam
22464
14:09:07,596 --> 14:09:08,596
and how we're going to fix them
22465
14:09:12,250 --> 14:09:13,250
[Music]
22466
14:09:32,480 --> 14:09:33,480
troubleshooting windows troubleshooting
22467
14:09:34,880 --> 14:09:35,880
tools
22468
14:09:37,116 --> 14:09:38,116
we've looked at now boot uh
22469
14:09:39,360 --> 14:09:40,360
utilities and some boot errors that
22470
14:09:41,596 --> 14:09:42,596
occur and how to fix them specifically
22471
14:09:43,436 --> 14:09:44,436
we focused on boot errors on the a plus
22472
14:09:45,840 --> 14:09:46,840
exam
22473
14:09:46,720 --> 14:09:47,720
let's look at some of the
22474
14:09:47,520 --> 14:09:48,520
troubleshooting tools that are built
22475
14:09:48,956 --> 14:09:49,956
into windows that you're going to use
22476
14:09:50,160 --> 14:09:51,160
frequently some of these we've already
22477
14:09:51,840 --> 14:09:52,840
seen
22478
14:09:52,640 --> 14:09:53,640
some of these we haven't seen yet and i
22479
14:09:54,000 --> 14:09:55,000
just want to cover these all real
22480
14:09:55,520 --> 14:09:56,520
quickly
22481
14:09:59,756 --> 14:10:00,756
so
22482
14:10:00,560 --> 14:10:01,560
we're going to look at the windows 7
22483
14:10:02,080 --> 14:10:03,080
troubleshooting tool specific only to
22484
14:10:04,080 --> 14:10:05,080
windows 7 not windows vista or xp that
22485
14:10:06,480 --> 14:10:07,480
does a lot of troubleshooting steps for
22486
14:10:08,240 --> 14:10:09,240
you and it's geared towards the average
22487
14:10:11,436 --> 14:10:12,436
user but can solve a lot of problems
22488
14:10:13,116 --> 14:10:14,116
that even the most advanced user might
22489
14:10:14,560 --> 14:10:15,560
have
22490
14:10:15,360 --> 14:10:16,360
then we'll look at the device manager
22491
14:10:17,040 --> 14:10:18,040
again which gives you information about
22492
14:10:19,200 --> 14:10:20,200
devices in your computer and offers you
22493
14:10:21,200 --> 14:10:22,200
some options when it comes to them
22494
14:10:23,116 --> 14:10:24,116
the event viewer which logs all the
22495
14:10:25,200 --> 14:10:26,200
events going on on your system and is
22496
14:10:26,800 --> 14:10:27,800
the first place you can visit to figure
22497
14:10:28,560 --> 14:10:29,560
out if there are any errors or problems
22498
14:10:30,720 --> 14:10:31,720
that's specifically occurring that you
22499
14:10:32,160 --> 14:10:33,160
can then fix
22500
14:10:33,520 --> 14:10:34,520
we'll look at in within those the
22501
14:10:35,040 --> 14:10:36,040
different types of log files and the
22502
14:10:37,360 --> 14:10:38,360
different types of logs
22503
14:10:41,520 --> 14:10:42,520
we'll also look at the different types
22504
14:10:42,956 --> 14:10:43,956
of events that occur
22505
14:10:45,680 --> 14:10:46,680
next we'll look at what's called problem
22506
14:10:47,360 --> 14:10:48,360
reports and solutions which was in vista
22507
14:10:54,080 --> 14:10:55,080
following that we'll look at the action
22508
14:10:55,680 --> 14:10:56,680
center which is in both vista and
22509
14:10:57,596 --> 14:10:58,596
windows 7.
22510
14:10:59,360 --> 14:11:00,360
and then dr watson which was a very
22511
14:11:01,680 --> 14:11:02,680
basic diagnostic utility built into
22512
14:11:04,160 --> 14:11:05,160
windows xp
22513
14:11:08,160 --> 14:11:09,160
so first let's look at the windows 7
22514
14:11:09,520 --> 14:11:10,520
troubleshooting tool
22515
14:11:10,956 --> 14:11:11,956
it's located in the control panel
22516
14:11:14,560 --> 14:11:15,560
under troubleshooting
22517
14:11:16,320 --> 14:11:17,320
and it's an automated program that
22518
14:11:17,916 --> 14:11:18,916
determines when something has gone wrong
22519
14:11:20,240 --> 14:11:21,240
and fixes it while you sit there
22520
14:11:23,840 --> 14:11:24,840
this tool
22521
14:11:25,520 --> 14:11:26,520
can do a several different things
22522
14:11:27,756 --> 14:11:28,756
for instance it can troubleshoot
22523
14:11:29,360 --> 14:11:30,360
programs on your computer
22524
14:11:33,200 --> 14:11:34,200
hardware and sound problems
22525
14:11:36,800 --> 14:11:37,800
network and internet issues for instance
22526
14:11:38,720 --> 14:11:39,720
if you're not able to get out to the
22527
14:11:40,080 --> 14:11:41,080
internet
22528
14:11:42,160 --> 14:11:43,160
and other things such as security and
22529
14:11:44,320 --> 14:11:45,320
appearance and personalization
22530
14:11:51,756 --> 14:11:52,756
let's go take a look at it in windows
22531
14:11:53,360 --> 14:11:54,360
before moving on to the device manager
22532
14:11:56,400 --> 14:11:57,400
so if we're in here
22533
14:11:59,360 --> 14:12:00,360
let's go to control panel
22534
14:12:01,840 --> 14:12:02,840
and click on troubleshooting
22535
14:12:04,160 --> 14:12:05,160
now if we had a specific program let's
22536
14:12:05,916 --> 14:12:06,916
say with a program
22537
14:12:08,320 --> 14:12:09,320
or even a hardware uh you know problem
22538
14:12:12,080 --> 14:12:13,080
we could go there let's say we're having
22539
14:12:13,756 --> 14:12:14,756
a problem with power usage we could
22540
14:12:15,116 --> 14:12:16,116
click improve power usage and this would
22541
14:12:17,116 --> 14:12:18,116
troubleshoot power problems we're having
22542
14:12:19,276 --> 14:12:20,276
if we're having problems with the
22543
14:12:20,240 --> 14:12:21,240
internet
22544
14:12:21,200 --> 14:12:22,200
this would allow us to automatically
22545
14:12:23,840 --> 14:12:24,840
troubleshoot some of our network
22546
14:12:25,520 --> 14:12:26,520
connection problems
22547
14:12:27,436 --> 14:12:28,436
or even our printer
22548
14:12:30,240 --> 14:12:31,240
so you can see how this can be sort of a
22549
14:12:32,080 --> 14:12:33,080
first step when troubleshooting issues
22550
14:12:34,160 --> 14:12:35,160
on the computer and especially for
22551
14:12:36,640 --> 14:12:37,640
technicians who work over the phone a
22552
14:12:38,800 --> 14:12:39,800
lot this can be a good first place to
22553
14:12:40,800 --> 14:12:41,800
send
22554
14:12:42,480 --> 14:12:43,480
your
22555
14:12:43,360 --> 14:12:44,360
people who call you in at the help desk
22556
14:12:50,560 --> 14:12:51,560
so next is the device manager
22557
14:12:53,116 --> 14:12:54,116
it can detect if a device is
22558
14:12:54,800 --> 14:12:55,800
malfunctioning has the wrong driver a
22559
14:12:57,436 --> 14:12:58,436
conflict resource or even if it's been
22560
14:12:59,596 --> 14:13:00,596
disabled in which case uh there will be
22561
14:13:02,080 --> 14:13:03,080
a uh an x through it much like um this
22562
14:13:08,956 --> 14:13:09,956
if you right click on a device you can
22563
14:13:10,560 --> 14:13:11,560
enable disable it as we've seen
22564
14:13:13,596 --> 14:13:14,596
and you may need to do this if you have
22565
14:13:15,360 --> 14:13:16,360
more than one of the same device in the
22566
14:13:16,800 --> 14:13:17,800
system in other words if i have two
22567
14:13:19,040 --> 14:13:20,040
graphics cards one that is much more
22568
14:13:21,360 --> 14:13:22,360
advanced the other that is integrated
22569
14:13:23,116 --> 14:13:24,116
i'm probably going to want to go with
22570
14:13:24,560 --> 14:13:25,560
the
22571
14:13:25,680 --> 14:13:26,680
built-in graphics card
22572
14:13:29,520 --> 14:13:30,520
now the event viewer is somewhat
22573
14:13:31,436 --> 14:13:32,436
different now we've already looked at
22574
14:13:32,480 --> 14:13:33,480
the device manager so i'm not going to
22575
14:13:33,680 --> 14:13:34,680
show you that again because we've looked
22576
14:13:35,276 --> 14:13:36,276
at that several times in the past
22577
14:13:37,596 --> 14:13:38,596
the event viewer though i will look at
22578
14:13:39,200 --> 14:13:40,200
when we're finished with this this is a
22579
14:13:40,720 --> 14:13:41,720
tool for analyzing applications and the
22580
14:13:42,720 --> 14:13:43,720
system and any errors that are going on
22581
14:13:44,720 --> 14:13:45,720
or events that are occurring it tells
22582
14:13:47,040 --> 14:13:48,040
you a lot about the status of the
22583
14:13:48,480 --> 14:13:49,480
operating system and the programs that
22584
14:13:50,240 --> 14:13:51,240
are running on it
22585
14:13:52,640 --> 14:13:53,640
it notifies you of any informational
22586
14:13:54,560 --> 14:13:55,560
events or audits for instance when
22587
14:13:56,320 --> 14:13:57,320
someone logs into the computer or logs
22588
14:13:58,320 --> 14:13:59,320
off or shuts down the computer or if the
22589
14:14:00,560 --> 14:14:01,560
computer shut down down automatically
22590
14:14:03,520 --> 14:14:04,520
it'll also warn you about possible
22591
14:14:05,360 --> 14:14:06,360
issues before they become errors for
22592
14:14:07,360 --> 14:14:08,360
instance if it notices something that it
22593
14:14:09,596 --> 14:14:10,596
thinks is not quite right it'll tell you
22594
14:14:12,080 --> 14:14:13,080
through what's called a warning and
22595
14:14:13,436 --> 14:14:14,436
we'll talk about those different types
22596
14:14:14,880 --> 14:14:15,880
of events in a minute
22597
14:14:16,880 --> 14:14:17,880
it'll display errors as they occur on
22598
14:14:19,276 --> 14:14:20,276
here so if some for instance your
22599
14:14:22,320 --> 14:14:23,320
application crashes you could visit the
22600
14:14:24,480 --> 14:14:25,480
event viewer and it would tell you
22601
14:14:26,080 --> 14:14:27,080
exactly why the why it crashed
22602
14:14:31,840 --> 14:14:32,840
now it's located in the administrative
22603
14:14:34,080 --> 14:14:35,080
tools menu in the start menus that's
22604
14:14:36,400 --> 14:14:37,400
start
22605
14:14:37,276 --> 14:14:38,276
uh
22606
14:14:38,240 --> 14:14:39,240
accessories administrative tools and you
22607
14:14:41,200 --> 14:14:42,200
can also get to it through the manage
22608
14:14:43,200 --> 14:14:44,200
console the management console
22609
14:14:45,360 --> 14:14:46,360
finally you can also get to it by typing
22610
14:14:47,436 --> 14:14:48,436
event viewer at the run or search
22611
14:14:51,360 --> 14:14:52,360
at the search
22612
14:14:52,880 --> 14:14:53,880
window from the start menu if you don't
22613
14:14:55,436 --> 14:14:56,436
have run
22614
14:14:57,360 --> 14:14:58,360
so um let's go take a look getting in
22615
14:14:59,520 --> 14:15:00,520
there real quickly
22616
14:15:02,480 --> 14:15:03,480
so as we said we can get there by going
22617
14:15:04,000 --> 14:15:05,000
to administrative tools in the control
22618
14:15:05,840 --> 14:15:06,840
panel
22619
14:15:12,400 --> 14:15:13,400
right in here
22620
14:15:14,400 --> 14:15:15,400
if we go to event viewer that'll take us
22621
14:15:16,240 --> 14:15:17,240
right there
22622
14:15:18,640 --> 14:15:19,640
alternatively
22623
14:15:22,720 --> 14:15:23,720
we can type event
22624
14:15:24,640 --> 14:15:25,640
vwr
22625
14:15:27,596 --> 14:15:28,596
which is the command line version
22626
14:15:31,436 --> 14:15:32,436
or if we don't mind seeing other stuff
22627
14:15:33,360 --> 14:15:34,360
in there we can right click go to manage
22628
14:15:37,040 --> 14:15:38,040
and here we're in the event viewer along
22629
14:15:38,560 --> 14:15:39,560
with all the other management
22630
14:15:40,400 --> 14:15:41,400
items
22631
14:15:53,680 --> 14:15:54,680
so there are three types of logs in the
22632
14:15:56,000 --> 14:15:57,000
event viewer where these events are
22633
14:15:57,756 --> 14:15:58,756
logged
22634
14:15:58,880 --> 14:15:59,880
the first is the system log
22635
14:16:01,520 --> 14:16:02,520
this contains information warnings and
22636
14:16:04,240 --> 14:16:05,240
errors about hardware device drivers
22637
14:16:06,880 --> 14:16:07,880
system files etc
22638
14:16:09,276 --> 14:16:10,276
all of these deal primarily with the
22639
14:16:11,276 --> 14:16:12,276
operating system itself
22640
14:16:13,436 --> 14:16:14,436
as opposed to
22641
14:16:14,880 --> 14:16:15,880
applications on the system
22642
14:16:17,840 --> 14:16:18,840
the next is the applications log
22643
14:16:20,560 --> 14:16:21,560
as you can guess this contains events
22644
14:16:22,400 --> 14:16:23,400
about the programs that are built into
22645
14:16:24,560 --> 14:16:25,560
or sometimes installed into windows
22646
14:16:28,956 --> 14:16:29,956
so i've installed word microsoft word
22647
14:16:32,080 --> 14:16:33,080
and it crashes uh the crash might be
22648
14:16:34,880 --> 14:16:35,880
logged in the event viewer as a
22649
14:16:37,116 --> 14:16:38,116
along with a reason why it crashed
22650
14:16:40,800 --> 14:16:41,800
finally there's the security
22651
14:16:43,680 --> 14:16:44,680
log which will hold information gathered
22652
14:16:46,000 --> 14:16:47,000
for auditing and security purposes
22653
14:16:48,160 --> 14:16:49,160
mostly when people log or log off the
22654
14:16:50,480 --> 14:16:51,480
computer
22655
14:16:51,680 --> 14:16:52,680
now it's important to pay attention to
22656
14:16:53,360 --> 14:16:54,360
all of these different categories
22657
14:16:55,116 --> 14:16:56,116
because they will ask you a question on
22658
14:16:56,956 --> 14:16:57,956
the exam that says something like a
22659
14:16:58,956 --> 14:16:59,956
computer
22660
14:17:00,080 --> 14:17:01,080
someone logged into the computer where
22661
14:17:01,360 --> 14:17:02,360
would this be logged in the event viewer
22662
14:17:03,680 --> 14:17:04,680
an application crashes where would that
22663
14:17:05,756 --> 14:17:06,756
be logged um someone is having an issue
22664
14:17:08,560 --> 14:17:09,560
with the control panel opening where
22665
14:17:10,800 --> 14:17:11,800
would that display in the event viewer
22666
14:17:12,956 --> 14:17:13,956
and of course that would be in the
22667
14:17:13,916 --> 14:17:14,916
system because anything to do with the
22668
14:17:15,360 --> 14:17:16,360
system
22669
14:17:16,480 --> 14:17:17,480
okay so it's important to familiarize
22670
14:17:18,080 --> 14:17:19,080
yourselves with these different logs and
22671
14:17:19,840 --> 14:17:20,840
to understand the difference between
22672
14:17:21,200 --> 14:17:22,200
them
22673
14:17:25,916 --> 14:17:26,916
there are also four types of events that
22674
14:17:28,480 --> 14:17:29,480
occur in each of those logs
22675
14:17:30,800 --> 14:17:31,800
the first is what's called information
22676
14:17:33,756 --> 14:17:34,756
information which is represented by an i
22677
14:17:35,680 --> 14:17:36,680
in a circle tells you basic information
22678
14:17:37,916 --> 14:17:38,916
about a service starting or an
22679
14:17:39,360 --> 14:17:40,360
application that ran successfully
22680
14:17:41,200 --> 14:17:42,200
basically it's just logging something
22681
14:17:43,116 --> 14:17:44,116
that happened but it's nothing bad that
22682
14:17:45,200 --> 14:17:46,200
happened
22683
14:17:46,800 --> 14:17:47,800
the second is what's called a warning
22684
14:17:49,436 --> 14:17:50,436
a warning which is indicated by a yellow
22685
14:17:52,640 --> 14:17:53,640
exclamation point within a triangle
22686
14:17:55,520 --> 14:17:56,520
tells you that the installation didn't
22687
14:17:57,276 --> 14:17:58,276
complete or a service timed out or is a
22688
14:18:00,160 --> 14:18:01,160
warning to something that might go wrong
22689
14:18:02,640 --> 14:18:03,640
in the future again this isn't
22690
14:18:04,400 --> 14:18:05,400
necessarily an error it's a warning as
22691
14:18:06,320 --> 14:18:07,320
to something that could go wrong
22692
14:18:09,040 --> 14:18:10,040
now an error is literally something that
22693
14:18:11,840 --> 14:18:12,840
is broken
22694
14:18:13,200 --> 14:18:14,200
this is indicated by a red exclamation
22695
14:18:15,596 --> 14:18:16,596
point in a circle
22696
14:18:17,200 --> 14:18:18,200
and it means something failed or was
22697
14:18:19,680 --> 14:18:20,680
corrupted or failed to start etc so this
22698
14:18:22,400 --> 14:18:23,400
is talking about major issues as opposed
22699
14:18:24,956 --> 14:18:25,956
to warnings which sort of lets you know
22700
14:18:27,040 --> 14:18:28,040
information about something that might
22701
14:18:28,560 --> 14:18:29,560
not be working properly but which isn't
22702
14:18:30,480 --> 14:18:31,480
causing any crashes yet
22703
14:18:33,596 --> 14:18:34,596
audit successes
22704
14:18:35,276 --> 14:18:36,276
are only in the security log
22705
14:18:38,240 --> 14:18:39,240
and they're indicated by a gold colored
22706
14:18:40,080 --> 14:18:41,080
key
22707
14:18:41,756 --> 14:18:42,756
they track when a user attempts to log
22708
14:18:44,320 --> 14:18:45,320
into the operating system let's say or
22709
14:18:46,240 --> 14:18:47,240
when it when they log out it audits them
22710
14:18:48,956 --> 14:18:49,956
so if you run a server you're going to
22711
14:18:50,800 --> 14:18:51,800
want to take a look at the event viewer
22712
14:18:52,720 --> 14:18:53,720
uh the security log in the uh sorry the
22713
14:18:55,436 --> 14:18:56,436
security log in the event viewer quite
22714
14:18:57,916 --> 14:18:58,916
often to see when people are logging off
22715
14:18:59,520 --> 14:19:00,520
and logging on especially if you're
22716
14:19:01,436 --> 14:19:02,436
investigating a user who
22717
14:19:03,680 --> 14:19:04,680
went on and did something or a virus was
22718
14:19:05,680 --> 14:19:06,680
infected in the system
22719
14:19:08,640 --> 14:19:09,640
so we take a look here go to the windows
22720
14:19:10,880 --> 14:19:11,880
logs
22721
14:19:12,000 --> 14:19:13,000
we see uh our our major logs on the left
22722
14:19:15,916 --> 14:19:16,916
there's also forwarded events which mean
22723
14:19:17,436 --> 14:19:18,436
that they're forwarded from a another um
22724
14:19:20,956 --> 14:19:21,956
another computer and the setup log which
22725
14:19:22,880 --> 14:19:23,880
is not in windows xp but was for when
22726
14:19:25,520 --> 14:19:26,520
windows was installed or updates are
22727
14:19:27,840 --> 14:19:28,840
occurring
22728
14:19:30,000 --> 14:19:31,000
so we can see information on
22729
14:19:31,596 --> 14:19:32,596
applications
22730
14:19:34,400 --> 14:19:35,400
for and here's an error so we can see
22731
14:19:36,720 --> 14:19:37,720
down here
22732
14:19:38,640 --> 14:19:39,640
details on the air
22733
14:19:43,840 --> 14:19:44,840
and we can see
22734
14:19:45,916 --> 14:19:46,916
you know different types of views
22735
14:19:48,400 --> 14:19:49,400
category
22736
14:19:50,080 --> 14:19:51,080
there's even an event id that we can
22737
14:19:52,160 --> 14:19:53,160
search
22738
14:19:53,436 --> 14:19:54,436
etc
22739
14:19:55,436 --> 14:19:56,436
now this is different from information
22740
14:19:56,956 --> 14:19:57,956
you can see which is in a just an i
22741
14:20:00,880 --> 14:20:01,880
and oh i just saw a warning here's a
22742
14:20:02,560 --> 14:20:03,560
warning
22743
14:20:04,640 --> 14:20:05,640
which was this something didn't uh
22744
14:20:06,480 --> 14:20:07,480
necessarily work out well nothing major
22745
14:20:09,276 --> 14:20:10,276
happened but it's a warning that
22746
14:20:11,040 --> 14:20:12,040
something did not run correctly
22747
14:20:13,596 --> 14:20:14,596
and we could then take this information
22748
14:20:15,916 --> 14:20:16,916
and search it on the internet
22749
14:20:18,320 --> 14:20:19,320
we can even copy it here for pasting
22750
14:20:20,956 --> 14:20:21,956
onto a google page or something
22751
14:20:24,400 --> 14:20:25,400
notice in security we're looking at very
22752
14:20:26,240 --> 14:20:27,240
different
22753
14:20:27,200 --> 14:20:28,200
types of things most of these are audits
22754
14:20:28,720 --> 14:20:29,720
when people log on or when
22755
14:20:31,596 --> 14:20:32,596
information is accessed
22756
14:20:33,680 --> 14:20:34,680
and then system all these have to do
22757
14:20:35,680 --> 14:20:36,680
specifically with the windows operating
22758
14:20:37,916 --> 14:20:38,916
system
22759
14:20:40,640 --> 14:20:41,640
we can also create custom views in the
22760
14:20:42,640 --> 14:20:43,640
event viewer by the way for instance
22761
14:20:44,720 --> 14:20:45,720
things that happen at a specific time
22762
14:20:46,400 --> 14:20:47,400
let's say i've been having troubles in
22763
14:20:47,436 --> 14:20:48,436
the last hour and i want to see all of
22764
14:20:49,436 --> 14:20:50,436
my errors
22765
14:20:52,640 --> 14:20:53,640
i could create a view let's say called
22766
14:20:55,116 --> 14:20:56,116
uh
22767
14:20:56,560 --> 14:20:57,560
last hour
22768
14:20:58,560 --> 14:20:59,560
errors
22769
14:21:00,080 --> 14:21:01,080
and now that's always under custom views
22770
14:21:02,160 --> 14:21:03,160
and i can go and make sure there weren't
22771
14:21:03,436 --> 14:21:04,436
any errors that just occurred
22772
14:21:10,480 --> 14:21:11,480
problem reports and solution was a
22773
14:21:12,400 --> 14:21:13,400
program in windows vista accessible from
22774
14:21:14,320 --> 14:21:15,320
the control panel which enabled you to
22775
14:21:16,480 --> 14:21:17,480
check for solutions to hardware and
22776
14:21:18,000 --> 14:21:19,000
software problems it was sort of the
22777
14:21:19,680 --> 14:21:20,680
precursor to the troubleshooting tool
22778
14:21:21,276 --> 14:21:22,276
that's in windows 7.
22779
14:21:22,956 --> 14:21:23,956
it could be set to report problems and
22780
14:21:24,720 --> 14:21:25,720
even check for all solutions
22781
14:21:26,400 --> 14:21:27,400
automatically so if there was a problem
22782
14:21:29,200 --> 14:21:30,200
it would sort of notice it and then
22783
14:21:30,956 --> 14:21:31,956
would try to fix it for you
22784
14:21:32,160 --> 14:21:33,160
automatically
22785
14:21:33,840 --> 14:21:34,840
these solutions could also be checked
22786
14:21:35,436 --> 14:21:36,436
for manually when the problem occurred
22787
14:21:37,756 --> 14:21:38,756
via an error window that popped up
22788
14:21:42,800 --> 14:21:43,800
the action center is in windows 7 and
22789
14:21:45,276 --> 14:21:46,276
windows vista and it all automatically
22790
14:21:47,436 --> 14:21:48,436
tells the user what needs to be attended
22791
14:21:48,956 --> 14:21:49,956
to for instance um in this one it's
22792
14:21:52,240 --> 14:21:53,240
telling me oh you don't have a backup
22793
14:21:54,000 --> 14:21:55,000
setup
22794
14:21:56,000 --> 14:21:57,000
and you need to install a virus scan
22795
14:21:58,480 --> 14:21:59,480
program and so it'll continue to notify
22796
14:22:00,880 --> 14:22:01,880
me the about these until i actually take
22797
14:22:03,200 --> 14:22:04,200
care of them
22798
14:22:05,360 --> 14:22:06,360
in windows 7 the problem reports and
22799
14:22:08,000 --> 14:22:09,000
solutions
22800
14:22:09,360 --> 14:22:10,360
that we saw on windows vista is built
22801
14:22:11,596 --> 14:22:12,596
into this action center
22802
14:22:13,680 --> 14:22:14,680
so
22803
14:22:14,480 --> 14:22:15,480
when an error occurs the action center
22804
14:22:17,116 --> 14:22:18,116
comes up and helps you fix it
22805
14:22:19,680 --> 14:22:20,680
you can get there by going to start
22806
14:22:21,276 --> 14:22:22,276
control panel system security and action
22807
14:22:24,480 --> 14:22:25,480
center
22808
14:22:25,596 --> 14:22:26,596
and if we go in there right now
22809
14:22:28,160 --> 14:22:29,160
i'm going to close out of this
22810
14:22:33,360 --> 14:22:34,360
go to my control panel
22811
14:22:35,596 --> 14:22:36,596
and the first thing up is the action
22812
14:22:37,436 --> 14:22:38,436
center
22813
14:22:38,320 --> 14:22:39,320
and here you can see i don't have virus
22814
14:22:39,840 --> 14:22:40,840
program and i can set up a backup
22815
14:22:42,400 --> 14:22:43,400
and opening any of these will give me
22816
14:22:44,320 --> 14:22:45,320
other
22817
14:22:45,360 --> 14:22:46,360
information for instance checking for
22818
14:22:47,520 --> 14:22:48,520
updates
22819
14:22:48,560 --> 14:22:49,560
uh troubleshooting
22820
14:22:51,520 --> 14:22:52,520
in security perhaps it'll tell me about
22821
14:22:53,200 --> 14:22:54,200
my firewall which is currently set on
22822
14:22:54,880 --> 14:22:55,880
the updates currently set on etc
22823
14:23:06,320 --> 14:23:07,320
there also will appear an icon in the
22824
14:23:08,240 --> 14:23:09,240
notification panel when the action
22825
14:23:10,160 --> 14:23:11,160
center needs you to take action
22826
14:23:14,880 --> 14:23:15,880
now dr watson was an old troubleshooting
22827
14:23:16,800 --> 14:23:17,800
tool that was built into the windows xp
22828
14:23:20,240 --> 14:23:21,240
it was accessed from the run prompt by
22829
14:23:22,240 --> 14:23:23,240
typing dr watson uh without any of the
22830
14:23:25,200 --> 14:23:26,200
vowels 32
22831
14:23:27,520 --> 14:23:28,520
and you can see it's a very uh
22832
14:23:30,400 --> 14:23:31,400
obviously not as evolved
22833
14:23:33,680 --> 14:23:34,680
as our uh
22834
14:23:35,116 --> 14:23:36,116
troubleshooting tools in windows 7 and
22835
14:23:36,800 --> 14:23:37,800
vista
22836
14:23:38,080 --> 14:23:39,080
and see it's going to save dump
22837
14:23:39,840 --> 14:23:40,840
information give us information via
22838
14:23:42,480 --> 14:23:43,480
sound or visual when something goes
22839
14:23:44,320 --> 14:23:45,320
wrong
22840
14:23:45,360 --> 14:23:46,360
any application errors etc
22841
14:23:52,320 --> 14:23:53,320
failures that are listed in dr watson
22842
14:23:54,240 --> 14:23:55,240
right here are often also listed in the
22843
14:23:56,240 --> 14:23:57,240
application log of the event viewer so
22844
14:23:58,240 --> 14:23:59,240
that's a good place to start looking for
22845
14:24:00,560 --> 14:24:01,560
your issue
22846
14:24:01,840 --> 14:24:02,840
then you can look at the log path or the
22847
14:24:03,680 --> 14:24:04,680
crash dump file which would give you a
22848
14:24:05,596 --> 14:24:06,596
little bit more information
22849
14:24:09,840 --> 14:24:10,840
all right
22850
14:24:10,880 --> 14:24:11,880
so now we've talked about the windows 7
22851
14:24:12,400 --> 14:24:13,400
troubleshooting tool
22852
14:24:14,000 --> 14:24:15,000
we looked at the device manager
22853
14:24:15,756 --> 14:24:16,756
specifically for hardware
22854
14:24:19,596 --> 14:24:20,596
the event viewer which included three
22855
14:24:21,840 --> 14:24:22,840
different logs you want to pay attention
22856
14:24:23,360 --> 14:24:24,360
to
22857
14:24:24,080 --> 14:24:25,080
remember that's the system
22858
14:24:27,360 --> 14:24:28,360
application
22859
14:24:30,720 --> 14:24:31,720
and the security log
22860
14:24:34,560 --> 14:24:35,560
we also looked at events which included
22861
14:24:36,956 --> 14:24:37,956
information
22862
14:24:40,320 --> 14:24:41,320
warnings
22863
14:24:43,916 --> 14:24:44,916
errors
22864
14:24:47,916 --> 14:24:48,916
and audits
22865
14:24:52,560 --> 14:24:53,560
then we took a look at problem reports
22866
14:24:54,320 --> 14:24:55,320
and solutions which was in vista
22867
14:24:56,560 --> 14:24:57,560
and later built into the action center
22868
14:24:58,956 --> 14:24:59,956
which will notify you of things you need
22869
14:25:00,400 --> 14:25:01,400
to take care of such as windows firewall
22870
14:25:03,360 --> 14:25:04,360
updates
22871
14:25:05,276 --> 14:25:06,276
running a virus scan program
22872
14:25:07,276 --> 14:25:08,276
and finally dr watson which was a very
22873
14:25:09,596 --> 14:25:10,596
basic troubleshooting tool that was
22874
14:25:11,840 --> 14:25:12,840
built into windows xp
22875
14:25:15,116 --> 14:25:16,116
so having talked about these
22876
14:25:16,080 --> 14:25:17,080
troubleshooting tools let's keep
22877
14:25:17,596 --> 14:25:18,596
continuing in troubleshooting
22878
14:25:19,916 --> 14:25:20,916
windows
22879
14:25:25,190 --> 14:25:26,190
[Music]
22880
14:25:45,840 --> 14:25:46,840
troubleshooting windows
22881
14:25:47,596 --> 14:25:48,596
monitoring performance
22882
14:25:50,080 --> 14:25:51,080
so let's look at how we can monitor
22883
14:25:51,840 --> 14:25:52,840
performance in windows so that way we
22884
14:25:53,840 --> 14:25:54,840
know
22885
14:25:54,640 --> 14:25:55,640
perhaps what part of windows is not
22886
14:25:57,200 --> 14:25:58,200
working up to snuff and also so we can
22887
14:25:59,596 --> 14:26:00,596
monitor any problems that are occurring
22888
14:26:03,040 --> 14:26:04,040
we're going to look at the performance
22889
14:26:04,480 --> 14:26:05,480
monitor
22890
14:26:05,756 --> 14:26:06,756
which allows us to get a
22891
14:26:07,840 --> 14:26:08,840
eagle-eyes view of our computer and how
22892
14:26:10,400 --> 14:26:11,400
all the hardware is running within it
22893
14:26:12,880 --> 14:26:13,880
we'll also take a look at the resource
22894
14:26:14,320 --> 14:26:15,320
monitor which is very similar albeit a
22895
14:26:16,560 --> 14:26:17,560
little less customizable than the
22896
14:26:18,320 --> 14:26:19,320
performance monitor
22897
14:26:20,400 --> 14:26:21,400
then we'll look at windows memory
22898
14:26:22,000 --> 14:26:23,000
diagnostics which can give us uh
22899
14:26:26,000 --> 14:26:27,000
a
22900
14:26:27,116 --> 14:26:28,116
a way to take a look at and fix any
22901
14:26:29,756 --> 14:26:30,756
problems we're specifically having with
22902
14:26:31,040 --> 14:26:32,040
our ram
22903
14:26:32,160 --> 14:26:33,160
if you recall this tool is located in
22904
14:26:35,360 --> 14:26:36,360
the windows recovery console
22905
14:26:38,720 --> 14:26:39,720
for windows 7 and windows vista
22906
14:26:41,916 --> 14:26:42,916
then we're going to look at the ms
22907
14:26:43,436 --> 14:26:44,436
config utility that the system
22908
14:26:45,596 --> 14:26:46,596
configuration utility which we've
22909
14:26:47,276 --> 14:26:48,276
touched on a couple times so far and i
22910
14:26:49,360 --> 14:26:50,360
want to look a little more in depth at
22911
14:26:50,640 --> 14:26:51,640
each of the tabs that are available
22912
14:26:52,640 --> 14:26:53,640
including the general tab
22913
14:26:54,560 --> 14:26:55,560
the boot tab
22914
14:26:56,240 --> 14:26:57,240
the service tab
22915
14:26:58,160 --> 14:26:59,160
the startup tab
22916
14:26:59,840 --> 14:27:00,840
and the tools tab
22917
14:27:03,756 --> 14:27:04,756
so let's start by looking at the
22918
14:27:04,880 --> 14:27:05,880
performance monitor which is here on the
22919
14:27:06,560 --> 14:27:07,560
right
22920
14:27:07,596 --> 14:27:08,596
it tracks how much your devices are
22921
14:27:09,680 --> 14:27:10,680
being utilized so for instance right now
22922
14:27:13,116 --> 14:27:14,116
we're looking at the processor and how
22923
14:27:14,880 --> 14:27:15,880
much the processor is being utilized and
22924
14:27:17,200 --> 14:27:18,200
you can see by a graph
22925
14:27:19,520 --> 14:27:20,520
just when it's spiking and when it's not
22926
14:27:22,240 --> 14:27:23,240
the time
22927
14:27:23,756 --> 14:27:24,756
the average minimum etc
22928
14:27:27,596 --> 14:27:28,596
the best part about the performance
22929
14:27:29,916 --> 14:27:30,916
manager or monitor rather is that it's
22930
14:27:31,916 --> 14:27:32,916
customizable depending on what you want
22931
14:27:34,000 --> 14:27:35,000
to measure so while it's only going to
22932
14:27:36,160 --> 14:27:37,160
measure the cpu by default it can
22933
14:27:38,720 --> 14:27:39,720
measure a lot of other things including
22934
14:27:40,720 --> 14:27:41,720
ram
22935
14:27:41,680 --> 14:27:42,680
hard drive etc
22936
14:27:44,000 --> 14:27:45,000
the information appears in a graph form
22937
14:27:46,560 --> 14:27:47,560
in the center and can actually be saved
22938
14:27:48,880 --> 14:27:49,880
into
22939
14:27:49,840 --> 14:27:50,840
a report so you can watch it so you can
22940
14:27:51,840 --> 14:27:52,840
read it later so the best thing about
22941
14:27:53,520 --> 14:27:54,520
this is let's say your computer is
22942
14:27:55,840 --> 14:27:56,840
running sluggish
22943
14:27:57,596 --> 14:27:58,596
one thing you might do is set up a
22944
14:27:59,276 --> 14:28:00,276
performance monitor to create a report
22945
14:28:01,680 --> 14:28:02,680
over a four hour period of working on
22946
14:28:03,916 --> 14:28:04,916
your computer normally
22947
14:28:06,560 --> 14:28:07,560
this information can also be
22948
14:28:07,916 --> 14:28:08,916
automatically placed into logs this way
22949
14:28:10,400 --> 14:28:11,400
you can send those logs to someone else
22950
14:28:11,916 --> 14:28:12,916
or look at them yourself to see how
22951
14:28:14,640 --> 14:28:15,640
you can make your computer run more
22952
14:28:16,320 --> 14:28:17,320
efficiently or where the bottlenecks
22953
14:28:18,240 --> 14:28:19,240
appear to be
22954
14:28:19,916 --> 14:28:20,916
this is great for analyzing information
22955
14:28:22,080 --> 14:28:23,080
on a daily basis
22956
14:28:24,080 --> 14:28:25,080
so let's go in and take a look at this
22957
14:28:27,520 --> 14:28:28,520
so we can get there in a couple ways one
22958
14:28:30,160 --> 14:28:31,160
is we could go here and just search for
22959
14:28:31,916 --> 14:28:32,916
the performance monitor which will bring
22960
14:28:33,680 --> 14:28:34,680
it up
22961
14:28:34,956 --> 14:28:35,956
another way and this is something that's
22962
14:28:36,640 --> 14:28:37,640
built into the control panel here
22963
14:28:38,560 --> 14:28:39,560
is to go to performance and information
22964
14:28:40,320 --> 14:28:41,320
tools
22965
14:28:41,756 --> 14:28:42,756
you can actually have your computer
22966
14:28:42,880 --> 14:28:43,880
rated as to how the performance is
22967
14:28:44,880 --> 14:28:45,880
running on your computer or you could go
22968
14:28:47,520 --> 14:28:48,520
to advanced tools
22969
14:28:49,116 --> 14:28:50,116
and then select the performance monitor
22970
14:28:51,116 --> 14:28:52,116
which is of course already open
22971
14:28:55,520 --> 14:28:56,520
so if we go into the performance monitor
22972
14:28:57,596 --> 14:28:58,596
we can see that it's automatically
22973
14:28:59,520 --> 14:29:00,520
looking at the cpu
22974
14:29:01,680 --> 14:29:02,680
let's say that we want to add something
22975
14:29:04,080 --> 14:29:05,080
to be
22976
14:29:07,916 --> 14:29:08,916
if we want to add something to be
22977
14:29:09,840 --> 14:29:10,840
sort of
22978
14:29:10,720 --> 14:29:11,720
counted
22979
14:29:11,680 --> 14:29:12,680
we can go in here and let's say we want
22980
14:29:13,040 --> 14:29:14,040
to look at
22981
14:29:14,610 --> 14:29:15,610
[Music]
22982
14:29:20,560 --> 14:29:21,560
our cache so we can have the cache added
22983
14:29:23,116 --> 14:29:24,116
to the performance monitor
22984
14:29:24,880 --> 14:29:25,880
we could also say have
22985
14:29:29,276 --> 14:29:30,276
memory and logical disk
22986
14:29:31,520 --> 14:29:32,520
oops
22987
14:29:35,436 --> 14:29:36,436
memory and logical disk added
22988
14:29:39,116 --> 14:29:40,116
we can even choose in the case of
22989
14:29:40,560 --> 14:29:41,560
logical disk what instance or where on
22990
14:29:43,040 --> 14:29:44,040
the logical disk we want to look
22991
14:29:45,040 --> 14:29:46,040
we click ok and now look we have so many
22992
14:29:47,520 --> 14:29:48,520
more so much more information
22993
14:29:49,916 --> 14:29:50,916
that's going to be read to us
22994
14:29:52,080 --> 14:29:53,080
including pin reads for the local disk
22995
14:29:55,040 --> 14:29:56,040
um and cache
22996
14:29:57,436 --> 14:29:58,436
transition pages and available kilobytes
22997
14:29:59,520 --> 14:30:00,520
for memory
22998
14:30:01,360 --> 14:30:02,360
similar to the performance monitor is
22999
14:30:03,040 --> 14:30:04,040
the resource monitor
23000
14:30:04,640 --> 14:30:05,640
this tracks the usage of specifically
23001
14:30:07,040 --> 14:30:08,040
the cpu disks network and memory as you
23002
14:30:10,640 --> 14:30:11,640
can see right here
23003
14:30:15,276 --> 14:30:16,276
these are activex graphs like in the
23004
14:30:17,596 --> 14:30:18,596
performance tab of the task manager you
23005
14:30:19,840 --> 14:30:20,840
can see over here so if you remember the
23006
14:30:21,520 --> 14:30:22,520
task manager we went into
23007
14:30:23,680 --> 14:30:24,680
we had a performance graph that showed
23008
14:30:26,640 --> 14:30:27,640
us this information as well so this is
23009
14:30:28,480 --> 14:30:29,480
actually the similar and the same thing
23010
14:30:32,000 --> 14:30:33,000
this is done in real time just like the
23011
14:30:34,080 --> 14:30:35,080
performance monitor however it is not
23012
14:30:36,240 --> 14:30:37,240
stored like the performance monitor is
23013
14:30:38,080 --> 14:30:39,080
stored so the performance monitor is
23014
14:30:39,756 --> 14:30:40,756
more useful for daily information the
23015
14:30:42,160 --> 14:30:43,160
resource monitor is for looking at
23016
14:30:43,840 --> 14:30:44,840
information at that one instant that you
23017
14:30:46,000 --> 14:30:47,000
want to look at it
23018
14:30:47,436 --> 14:30:48,436
so it's not as versatile as the
23019
14:30:48,720 --> 14:30:49,720
performance monitor but it gives you a
23020
14:30:50,400 --> 14:30:51,400
quicker overview of everything
23021
14:30:52,480 --> 14:30:53,480
and if we take a look at that
23022
14:30:54,080 --> 14:30:55,080
i'm going to close here out of the
23023
14:30:55,200 --> 14:30:56,200
performance monitor
23024
14:30:58,720 --> 14:30:59,720
we can get there by going to all
23025
14:31:00,160 --> 14:31:01,160
programs
23026
14:31:01,520 --> 14:31:02,520
accessories
23027
14:31:04,480 --> 14:31:05,480
system tools
23028
14:31:07,200 --> 14:31:08,200
resource monitor
23029
14:31:09,200 --> 14:31:10,200
and here we can see exactly what's going
23030
14:31:10,720 --> 14:31:11,720
on with our computer right now
23031
14:31:14,080 --> 14:31:15,080
including cpu usage memory usage etc
23032
14:31:18,480 --> 14:31:19,480
we can also get this again for in the
23033
14:31:20,640 --> 14:31:21,640
task manager this is very similar
23034
14:31:22,956 --> 14:31:23,956
to performance tab
23035
14:31:26,800 --> 14:31:27,800
and even we can open the resource
23036
14:31:28,160 --> 14:31:29,160
monitor from here
23037
14:31:31,596 --> 14:31:32,596
if we want we can switch between these
23038
14:31:33,200 --> 14:31:34,200
to get more information
23039
14:31:36,080 --> 14:31:37,080
about any of these items
23040
14:31:45,116 --> 14:31:46,116
windows memory diagnostics analyzes your
23041
14:31:47,840 --> 14:31:48,840
memory otherwise known as ram or random
23042
14:31:50,080 --> 14:31:51,080
access memory for physical errors and
23043
14:31:52,240 --> 14:31:53,240
issues in other words if you're having
23044
14:31:54,320 --> 14:31:55,320
problems with your ram it might be able
23045
14:31:56,800 --> 14:31:57,800
to identify the specific stick that's
23046
14:31:59,200 --> 14:32:00,200
having the issue
23047
14:32:01,520 --> 14:32:02,520
it can be started from within windows or
23048
14:32:04,480 --> 14:32:05,480
from the a-bomb
23049
14:32:06,320 --> 14:32:07,320
the advanced boot menu
23050
14:32:08,240 --> 14:32:09,240
advanced boot options menu
23051
14:32:10,240 --> 14:32:11,240
by pressing the f8
23052
14:32:12,240 --> 14:32:13,240
key and then uh pressing the tab key
23053
14:32:14,800 --> 14:32:15,800
once you're in advanced boot options
23054
14:32:16,720 --> 14:32:17,720
menu
23055
14:32:19,040 --> 14:32:20,040
the errors are displayed after the
23056
14:32:20,560 --> 14:32:21,560
system is automatically rebooted so what
23057
14:32:23,276 --> 14:32:24,276
will happen is once you've run this it
23058
14:32:25,116 --> 14:32:26,116
will automatically reboot and then tell
23059
14:32:27,360 --> 14:32:28,360
you any issues that you've been having
23060
14:32:29,360 --> 14:32:30,360
especially if you're running it from
23061
14:32:30,720 --> 14:32:31,720
within windows which we can do
23062
14:32:34,880 --> 14:32:35,880
if we close the resource monitor
23063
14:32:40,640 --> 14:32:41,640
we can search for windows memory
23064
14:32:41,916 --> 14:32:42,916
diagnostic and right here click restart
23065
14:32:44,480 --> 14:32:45,480
now and check for problems alternatively
23066
14:32:46,956 --> 14:32:47,956
maybe we wanted to check for problems
23067
14:32:48,720 --> 14:32:49,720
the next time we start the computer so
23068
14:32:50,400 --> 14:32:51,400
it's not going to restart it right now
23069
14:32:56,080 --> 14:32:57,080
it also appears in a log in your log in
23070
14:32:59,756 --> 14:33:00,756
your event viewer as well so if you need
23071
14:33:02,320 --> 14:33:03,320
the information for later you have a
23072
14:33:03,916 --> 14:33:04,916
place to pull it from
23073
14:33:06,160 --> 14:33:07,160
now let's talk about this major tool the
23074
14:33:08,320 --> 14:33:09,320
system configuration tool which is more
23075
14:33:10,720 --> 14:33:11,720
commonly known as ms config especially
23076
14:33:13,276 --> 14:33:14,276
on the test and we've already looked at
23077
14:33:14,640 --> 14:33:15,640
this a bit but let's take a little bit
23078
14:33:16,080 --> 14:33:17,080
longer to look at it in more depth
23079
14:33:18,956 --> 14:33:19,956
this is an extremely useful troubled
23080
14:33:21,116 --> 14:33:22,116
troubleshooting tool with a variety of
23081
14:33:22,720 --> 14:33:23,720
functions as we've already looked i've
23082
14:33:25,040 --> 14:33:26,040
already seen rather
23083
14:33:27,116 --> 14:33:28,116
you can open it from the run prompt and
23084
14:33:29,040 --> 14:33:30,040
type msconfig which is probably the
23085
14:33:31,360 --> 14:33:32,360
easiest way to get there or search and
23086
14:33:33,840 --> 14:33:34,840
type in msconfig
23087
14:33:36,720 --> 14:33:37,720
so let's look at the different tabs the
23088
14:33:38,320 --> 14:33:39,320
first is the general tab
23089
14:33:40,320 --> 14:33:41,320
this allows you to configure the system
23090
14:33:42,080 --> 14:33:43,080
for a diagnostic or selective startup
23091
14:33:45,756 --> 14:33:46,756
this helps you to troubleshoot devices
23092
14:33:47,436 --> 14:33:48,436
or services that are failing it's almost
23093
14:33:49,596 --> 14:33:50,596
like a safe mode menu so going into
23094
14:33:52,880 --> 14:33:53,880
diagnostic startup will start to
23095
14:33:54,640 --> 14:33:55,640
diagnose issues with the system going
23096
14:33:56,796 --> 14:33:57,796
into selective startup you can choose to
23097
14:33:58,400 --> 14:33:59,400
load certain services startup items etc
23098
14:34:04,720 --> 14:34:05,720
the boot menu takes us a step further it
23099
14:34:07,276 --> 14:34:08,276
allows you to modify the operating
23100
14:34:09,200 --> 14:34:10,200
system boot up settings similar to the
23101
14:34:12,796 --> 14:34:13,796
advanced boot options menu that you get
23102
14:34:14,560 --> 14:34:15,560
when you press f8
23103
14:34:16,080 --> 14:34:17,080
if you have multiple
23104
14:34:18,000 --> 14:34:19,000
operating systems let's say you had a
23105
14:34:19,596 --> 14:34:20,596
windows 8 here
23106
14:34:22,400 --> 14:34:23,400
you could choose one
23107
14:34:24,000 --> 14:34:25,000
to be the default
23108
14:34:26,720 --> 14:34:27,720
the advanced options also let you set
23109
14:34:28,640 --> 14:34:29,640
for instance if you were to click here
23110
14:34:31,680 --> 14:34:32,680
how much memory and what ports you want
23111
14:34:33,756 --> 14:34:34,756
to use for debugging information
23112
14:34:36,080 --> 14:34:37,080
you can also go into a safe mode and
23113
14:34:38,160 --> 14:34:39,160
choose some other options
23114
14:34:39,840 --> 14:34:40,840
that you could get through the advanced
23115
14:34:41,200 --> 14:34:42,200
boot options menu the important thing to
23116
14:34:43,276 --> 14:34:44,276
remember here is once you boot into
23117
14:34:44,956 --> 14:34:45,956
these you want to open up ms config
23118
14:34:46,796 --> 14:34:47,796
again and make sure to unselect them so
23119
14:34:48,880 --> 14:34:49,880
you can get back into the normal
23120
14:34:50,160 --> 14:34:51,160
operating system
23121
14:34:53,680 --> 14:34:54,680
now the services
23122
14:34:55,436 --> 14:34:56,436
lists all the services and their current
23123
14:34:57,436 --> 14:34:58,436
statuses
23124
14:34:59,116 --> 14:35:00,116
if you want to enable or disable them
23125
14:35:01,436 --> 14:35:02,436
you can
23126
14:35:03,276 --> 14:35:04,276
you just have to uncheck and then
23127
14:35:04,956 --> 14:35:05,956
restart this is different from going
23128
14:35:07,116 --> 14:35:08,116
into
23129
14:35:08,320 --> 14:35:09,320
say services.msc
23130
14:35:13,756 --> 14:35:14,756
and simply stopping the service you're
23131
14:35:15,756 --> 14:35:16,756
not going to stop and start the service
23132
14:35:17,680 --> 14:35:18,680
from within this this is for when you
23133
14:35:19,436 --> 14:35:20,436
boot up the computer this allows you to
23134
14:35:20,880 --> 14:35:21,880
make temporary changes to the way the
23135
14:35:23,040 --> 14:35:24,040
computer boots up
23136
14:35:28,640 --> 14:35:29,640
the startup tab on the other hand lists
23137
14:35:30,720 --> 14:35:31,720
various applications that start when the
23138
14:35:32,480 --> 14:35:33,480
computer boots so again this is not
23139
14:35:36,956 --> 14:35:37,956
services these are startup applications
23140
14:35:39,520 --> 14:35:40,520
as you can see from the differences
23141
14:35:42,160 --> 14:35:43,160
you can also disable and enable these
23142
14:35:44,160 --> 14:35:45,160
here to aid in troubleshooting so for
23143
14:35:45,840 --> 14:35:46,840
instance if i think this startup item is
23144
14:35:47,520 --> 14:35:48,520
having problems i can
23145
14:35:49,596 --> 14:35:50,596
uncheck this restart the computer and
23146
14:35:52,160 --> 14:35:53,160
then see if i'm still getting the same
23147
14:35:53,596 --> 14:35:54,596
error if i'm not then i know that that
23148
14:35:55,520 --> 14:35:56,520
might be the issue
23149
14:35:57,116 --> 14:35:58,116
but it gives me an easy way to do it
23150
14:35:58,796 --> 14:35:59,796
without having to delete the file
23151
14:36:00,160 --> 14:36:01,160
because here i can simply
23152
14:36:02,080 --> 14:36:03,080
uncheck this and temporarily not load it
23153
14:36:07,116 --> 14:36:08,116
finally we have the tools tab
23154
14:36:09,436 --> 14:36:10,436
this lists common utilities you find in
23155
14:36:12,000 --> 14:36:13,000
windows
23156
14:36:13,116 --> 14:36:14,116
it'll give you a central launching point
23157
14:36:14,796 --> 14:36:15,796
from which to start them so for instance
23158
14:36:16,640 --> 14:36:17,640
user access control settings which is
23159
14:36:18,720 --> 14:36:19,720
constantly asking you are you sure you
23160
14:36:20,720 --> 14:36:21,720
want to install this or not in windows
23161
14:36:22,796 --> 14:36:23,796
vista the action center which we've
23162
14:36:24,640 --> 14:36:25,640
looked at windows troubleshooting we've
23163
14:36:26,400 --> 14:36:27,400
looked at computer management etc etc
23164
14:36:31,916 --> 14:36:32,916
so we looked at the performance monitor
23165
14:36:34,160 --> 14:36:35,160
which is for for instance
23166
14:36:36,956 --> 14:36:37,956
daily monitoring
23167
14:36:42,080 --> 14:36:43,080
of the system because it can outport
23168
14:36:44,956 --> 14:36:45,956
output rather to reports into log files
23169
14:36:49,276 --> 14:36:50,276
we also looked at the resource monitor
23170
14:36:51,360 --> 14:36:52,360
which is for more real time
23171
14:36:53,840 --> 14:36:54,840
information
23172
14:36:55,360 --> 14:36:56,360
doesn't let you
23173
14:36:57,116 --> 14:36:58,116
output the information
23174
14:36:58,880 --> 14:36:59,880
windows die
23175
14:37:00,160 --> 14:37:01,160
windows memory diagnostics for
23176
14:37:03,040 --> 14:37:04,040
diagnosing your ram sticks
23177
14:37:07,276 --> 14:37:08,276
and we looked at ms config including the
23178
14:37:09,276 --> 14:37:10,276
general
23179
14:37:10,796 --> 14:37:11,796
boot
23180
14:37:12,080 --> 14:37:13,080
service
23181
14:37:13,520 --> 14:37:14,520
startup
23182
14:37:14,640 --> 14:37:15,640
and tools tabs
23183
14:37:16,880 --> 14:37:17,880
again all of these i generally see on
23184
14:37:18,640 --> 14:37:19,640
the exam something that says
23185
14:37:21,436 --> 14:37:22,436
what tool would you use if you if you're
23186
14:37:23,200 --> 14:37:24,200
having troubles with something you think
23187
14:37:24,560 --> 14:37:25,560
is booting up and you want to test your
23188
14:37:26,160 --> 14:37:27,160
theory that you would do here because
23189
14:37:28,480 --> 14:37:29,480
you're going to test your theory
23190
14:37:30,320 --> 14:37:31,320
by unchecking it temporarily
23191
14:37:33,040 --> 14:37:34,040
rather than deleting the item
23192
14:37:34,400 --> 14:37:35,400
permanently
23193
14:37:37,520 --> 14:37:38,520
now that we talked about these monitors
23194
14:37:39,520 --> 14:37:40,520
let's look at one of the
23195
14:37:41,840 --> 14:37:42,840
worst windows problems the blue screen
23196
14:37:44,796 --> 14:37:45,796
of death otherwise known as a stop error
23197
14:37:51,850 --> 14:37:52,850
[Music]
23198
14:38:12,320 --> 14:38:13,320
troubleshooting windows stop errors the
23199
14:38:15,436 --> 14:38:16,436
blue screen of death
23200
14:38:17,596 --> 14:38:18,596
as the name implies the blue screen of
23201
14:38:19,200 --> 14:38:20,200
death is something no windows user ever
23202
14:38:20,880 --> 14:38:21,880
wants to see
23203
14:38:22,000 --> 14:38:23,000
and it's generally given that name
23204
14:38:23,360 --> 14:38:24,360
because once it happens it's rather
23205
14:38:25,756 --> 14:38:26,756
difficult to troubleshoot
23206
14:38:27,436 --> 14:38:28,436
that being said there are several steps
23207
14:38:29,040 --> 14:38:30,040
we can take to avoid
23208
14:38:31,360 --> 14:38:32,360
and to help recover from a blue screen
23209
14:38:34,320 --> 14:38:35,320
of death
23210
14:38:36,560 --> 14:38:37,560
so we're going to cover stop errors in
23211
14:38:38,560 --> 14:38:39,560
general also known as bsod or the blue
23212
14:38:41,756 --> 14:38:42,756
screen of death
23213
14:38:43,436 --> 14:38:44,436
we'll look at some of the reasons for
23214
14:38:45,116 --> 14:38:46,116
these improper shutdowns that can cause
23215
14:38:48,480 --> 14:38:49,480
the stop error or blue screen of death
23216
14:38:50,480 --> 14:38:51,480
other than just a hardware malfunction
23217
14:38:52,320 --> 14:38:53,320
as well
23218
14:38:53,436 --> 14:38:54,436
then we'll talk about troubleshooting
23219
14:38:54,640 --> 14:38:55,640
these improper shutdowns including
23220
14:38:56,480 --> 14:38:57,480
checking the event viewer
23221
14:38:58,320 --> 14:38:59,320
using msconfig one of our favorite tools
23222
14:39:01,596 --> 14:39:02,596
booting into safe mode via the
23223
14:39:04,160 --> 14:39:05,160
advanced boot options menu pressing f8
23224
14:39:07,360 --> 14:39:08,360
running a virus scan program something
23225
14:39:09,596 --> 14:39:10,596
not built into windows but highly
23226
14:39:11,360 --> 14:39:12,360
recommended
23227
14:39:13,436 --> 14:39:14,436
checking the power source
23228
14:39:16,480 --> 14:39:17,480
and finally if nothing else works
23229
14:39:18,240 --> 14:39:19,240
restoring or recovering windows
23230
14:39:21,040 --> 14:39:22,040
finally we'll just look at error
23231
14:39:22,640 --> 14:39:23,640
reporting something that happens with
23232
14:39:24,720 --> 14:39:25,720
less intense less
23233
14:39:27,116 --> 14:39:28,116
difficult to recover from
23234
14:39:30,320 --> 14:39:31,320
errors
23235
14:39:32,640 --> 14:39:33,640
so first a stop error otherwise known as
23236
14:39:35,116 --> 14:39:36,116
the blue screen of death or b-sod and
23237
14:39:37,276 --> 14:39:38,276
yes you will see this term on the a-plus
23238
14:39:39,680 --> 14:39:40,680
exam
23239
14:39:40,796 --> 14:39:41,796
what happens is it displays
23240
14:39:43,200 --> 14:39:44,200
a blue screen with a lot of text
23241
14:39:46,160 --> 14:39:47,160
and some code including memory addresses
23242
14:39:49,436 --> 14:39:50,436
etc maybe even a file name
23243
14:39:53,200 --> 14:39:54,200
generally speaking this completely halts
23244
14:39:55,276 --> 14:39:56,276
the operating system and if you get to
23245
14:39:56,956 --> 14:39:57,956
this point all the page you've just been
23246
14:39:58,796 --> 14:39:59,796
working on is now lost now sometimes it
23247
14:40:02,080 --> 14:40:03,080
can be caused by a specific file in
23248
14:40:03,756 --> 14:40:04,756
which case you can google for the issue
23249
14:40:06,000 --> 14:40:07,000
but
23250
14:40:07,436 --> 14:40:08,436
no matter what happens if you haven't
23251
14:40:09,040 --> 14:40:10,040
backed up recently
23252
14:40:10,640 --> 14:40:11,640
the file you were just working on is
23253
14:40:12,240 --> 14:40:13,240
definitely gone and hopefully nothing
23254
14:40:14,240 --> 14:40:15,240
else has gone as well
23255
14:40:16,080 --> 14:40:17,080
this may be a one-time event so it might
23256
14:40:17,916 --> 14:40:18,916
just have happened because uh you know
23257
14:40:20,160 --> 14:40:21,160
the planet's aligned in a in a bad way
23258
14:40:22,320 --> 14:40:23,320
certain operating a certain software was
23259
14:40:24,400 --> 14:40:25,400
running all at once or this could be the
23260
14:40:26,640 --> 14:40:27,640
result of bad memory bad drivers some
23261
14:40:28,796 --> 14:40:29,796
hardware gone bad etc
23262
14:40:32,400 --> 14:40:33,400
so the first thing to do is to check the
23263
14:40:34,956 --> 14:40:35,956
event viewer the system logs
23264
14:40:36,880 --> 14:40:37,880
specifically and the dump file upon
23265
14:40:39,360 --> 14:40:40,360
reboot now what the dump file is is set
23266
14:40:43,040 --> 14:40:44,040
in the settings for what happens
23267
14:40:45,276 --> 14:40:46,276
when these occur
23268
14:40:46,796 --> 14:40:47,796
remember when we went to the paging file
23269
14:40:48,880 --> 14:40:49,880
we went to system properties the
23270
14:40:50,560 --> 14:40:51,560
advanced tab and then we went here to
23271
14:40:53,040 --> 14:40:54,040
set virtual memory or the paging file at
23272
14:40:55,840 --> 14:40:56,840
the bottom there's an area called
23273
14:40:57,200 --> 14:40:58,200
startup and recovery
23274
14:40:59,200 --> 14:41:00,200
and in there under settings
23275
14:41:01,756 --> 14:41:02,756
we can get to what happens when there's
23276
14:41:04,160 --> 14:41:05,160
a stop error the dump file dumps the
23277
14:41:07,200 --> 14:41:08,200
contents of the ram into this file and
23278
14:41:09,840 --> 14:41:10,840
that way you can look at it to
23279
14:41:11,436 --> 14:41:12,436
troubleshoot
23280
14:41:12,720 --> 14:41:13,720
now as i mentioned you can alter what
23281
14:41:14,160 --> 14:41:15,160
happens when a stop error occurs through
23282
14:41:16,400 --> 14:41:17,400
this system properties in advanced place
23283
14:41:19,040 --> 14:41:20,040
so right here in the system root which
23284
14:41:21,200 --> 14:41:22,200
means uh c windows system32 for instance
23285
14:41:25,360 --> 14:41:26,360
the memory.dump file is sitting there
23286
14:41:27,916 --> 14:41:28,916
and all the information the kernel
23287
14:41:29,520 --> 14:41:30,520
memory dump is there so you could go and
23288
14:41:31,756 --> 14:41:32,756
see what happened at the time
23289
14:41:34,000 --> 14:41:35,000
in the memory
23290
14:41:35,360 --> 14:41:36,360
when this
23291
14:41:36,400 --> 14:41:37,400
stop error occurred
23292
14:41:40,160 --> 14:41:41,160
now improper shutdowns can occur for a
23293
14:41:42,240 --> 14:41:43,240
variety of reasons
23294
14:41:44,400 --> 14:41:45,400
brownouts or blackouts from unclean
23295
14:41:47,040 --> 14:41:48,040
power or from a power outage perhaps
23296
14:41:49,916 --> 14:41:50,916
there's even a power surge that occurs
23297
14:41:51,840 --> 14:41:52,840
after a power outage
23298
14:41:54,560 --> 14:41:55,560
of course hardware failure in addition
23299
14:41:56,560 --> 14:41:57,560
to software failure
23300
14:41:58,480 --> 14:41:59,480
of course then the user can
23301
14:42:00,080 --> 14:42:01,080
inadvertently unplug the computer which
23302
14:42:02,160 --> 14:42:03,160
happens more often than you'd think
23303
14:42:04,956 --> 14:42:05,956
finally the virus a virus or other
23304
14:42:07,840 --> 14:42:08,840
malware bad software that got on the
23305
14:42:10,000 --> 14:42:11,000
computer can cause an improper shutdown
23306
14:42:14,240 --> 14:42:15,240
so the first thing we want to do is
23307
14:42:15,436 --> 14:42:16,436
check the event viewer they're always
23308
14:42:17,276 --> 14:42:18,276
going to appear in the system log any
23309
14:42:19,680 --> 14:42:20,680
problems okay
23310
14:42:21,276 --> 14:42:22,276
you want to check for any alerts about
23311
14:42:22,956 --> 14:42:23,956
hardware failures service failures etc i
23312
14:42:25,436 --> 14:42:26,436
would look for warnings but specifically
23313
14:42:27,436 --> 14:42:28,436
you want to look for errors and remember
23314
14:42:29,436 --> 14:42:30,436
those are the red ones
23315
14:42:31,360 --> 14:42:32,360
okay an exclamation point in a red
23316
14:42:35,596 --> 14:42:36,596
circle
23317
14:42:37,680 --> 14:42:38,680
you may need to upgrade the driver for
23318
14:42:39,520 --> 14:42:40,520
the affected uh hardware if that's the
23319
14:42:42,160 --> 14:42:43,160
problem and you may also need to upgrade
23320
14:42:44,560 --> 14:42:45,560
the software if the service
23321
14:42:47,040 --> 14:42:48,040
is if there's like a service that keeps
23322
14:42:50,240 --> 14:42:51,240
failing you might need to upgrade the
23323
14:42:52,160 --> 14:42:53,160
software that is relying on that service
23324
14:42:56,640 --> 14:42:57,640
if the computer is running the latest
23325
14:43:00,000 --> 14:43:01,000
service pack and patches then you
23326
14:43:01,680 --> 14:43:02,680
wouldn't need to deal with that but in
23327
14:43:03,200 --> 14:43:04,200
some cases upgrading windows to the
23328
14:43:05,596 --> 14:43:06,596
latest version
23329
14:43:07,200 --> 14:43:08,200
or using windows update to do so can
23330
14:43:09,436 --> 14:43:10,436
really help solve some very basic
23331
14:43:12,000 --> 14:43:13,000
problems
23332
14:43:19,436 --> 14:43:20,436
next we can use ms config to weed out
23333
14:43:21,756 --> 14:43:22,756
any third-party program issues the
23334
14:43:24,160 --> 14:43:25,160
easiest way to do that is on the
23335
14:43:26,000 --> 14:43:27,000
services tab select the hide all
23336
14:43:28,560 --> 14:43:29,560
microsoft services now if it's a
23337
14:43:30,560 --> 14:43:31,560
microsoft service that means it's built
23338
14:43:32,160 --> 14:43:33,160
into windows and therefore it's probably
23339
14:43:34,796 --> 14:43:35,796
going to be a little more intense
23340
14:43:36,880 --> 14:43:37,880
before we get to that
23341
14:43:38,956 --> 14:43:39,956
we probably want to
23342
14:43:42,160 --> 14:43:43,160
make sure that it's not a third-party
23343
14:43:44,320 --> 14:43:45,320
program before we start troubleshooting
23344
14:43:46,560 --> 14:43:47,560
windows itself and so selecting this box
23345
14:43:51,040 --> 14:43:52,040
disabling all of them and then
23346
14:43:52,880 --> 14:43:53,880
restarting the computer can really help
23347
14:43:54,640 --> 14:43:55,640
you
23348
14:43:56,956 --> 14:43:57,956
so restart see if the problem returns if
23349
14:43:59,276 --> 14:44:00,276
it does that might
23350
14:44:00,796 --> 14:44:01,796
you know the issue is something
23351
14:44:02,000 --> 14:44:03,000
microsoft related or doesn't have to do
23352
14:44:03,680 --> 14:44:04,680
with the services if it doesn't return
23353
14:44:05,840 --> 14:44:06,840
then you can start to check one of these
23354
14:44:07,756 --> 14:44:08,756
on individually each one and see when
23355
14:44:10,400 --> 14:44:11,400
you start to get the problem by process
23356
14:44:12,160 --> 14:44:13,160
of elimination
23357
14:44:15,040 --> 14:44:16,040
next we can boot into safe mode you'll
23358
14:44:16,956 --> 14:44:17,956
always know you're in safe mode by the
23359
14:44:18,480 --> 14:44:19,480
way
23360
14:44:19,680 --> 14:44:20,680
because it'll say safe mode on the sides
23361
14:44:21,520 --> 14:44:22,520
here
23362
14:44:23,116 --> 14:44:24,116
remember safe mode only uses the most
23363
14:44:24,956 --> 14:44:25,956
basic drivers and the most limited
23364
14:44:26,796 --> 14:44:27,796
resources to accomplish
23365
14:44:28,796 --> 14:44:29,796
booting into the operating system so
23366
14:44:30,956 --> 14:44:31,956
it's a really good utility to use for
23367
14:44:35,596 --> 14:44:36,596
troubleshooting
23368
14:44:36,956 --> 14:44:37,956
if you have a driver issue this could
23369
14:44:39,596 --> 14:44:40,596
help you find out about it because again
23370
14:44:41,360 --> 14:44:42,360
it's only going to load the most basic
23371
14:44:43,040 --> 14:44:44,040
drivers
23372
14:44:49,520 --> 14:44:50,520
now you might have a virus pro you might
23373
14:44:51,596 --> 14:44:52,596
have a a problem with a virus on your
23374
14:44:53,596 --> 14:44:54,596
computer and if so running a scan for
23375
14:44:56,000 --> 14:44:57,000
malware and quarantining anything
23376
14:44:58,240 --> 14:44:59,240
unusual anything that the virus scan
23377
14:44:59,916 --> 14:45:00,916
program has can certainly help fix the
23378
14:45:02,240 --> 14:45:03,240
problem
23379
14:45:04,000 --> 14:45:05,000
now one thing you have to be sure of is
23380
14:45:05,520 --> 14:45:06,520
to update the av software using the
23381
14:45:08,400 --> 14:45:09,400
these are shown is called dat files
23382
14:45:10,480 --> 14:45:11,480
before and after you're finished
23383
14:45:12,240 --> 14:45:13,240
basically the virus scan program
23384
14:45:14,000 --> 14:45:15,000
provides the mechanism for removing
23385
14:45:15,680 --> 14:45:16,680
viruses however you need to have the
23386
14:45:18,000 --> 14:45:19,000
data files for the virus program to look
23387
14:45:20,480 --> 14:45:21,480
for if it doesn't know what files it's
23388
14:45:22,560 --> 14:45:23,560
looking for that are bad then it's not
23389
14:45:24,320 --> 14:45:25,320
really going to help you out
23390
14:45:26,240 --> 14:45:27,240
you also may need to run it in safe mode
23391
14:45:28,480 --> 14:45:29,480
because if the virus is running while
23392
14:45:30,880 --> 14:45:31,880
you're scanning then you're probably not
23393
14:45:32,880 --> 14:45:33,880
going to be able to locate it so booting
23394
14:45:35,040 --> 14:45:36,040
into safe mode
23395
14:45:36,480 --> 14:45:37,480
gives you a better chance of not loading
23396
14:45:38,796 --> 14:45:39,796
the virus up and so the virus scan
23397
14:45:40,640 --> 14:45:41,640
program can
23398
14:45:41,916 --> 14:45:42,916
find it
23399
14:45:43,116 --> 14:45:44,116
the other thing is the virus scan
23400
14:45:44,320 --> 14:45:45,320
program might not work correctly if you
23401
14:45:46,000 --> 14:45:47,000
installed it onto your system once the
23402
14:45:48,000 --> 14:45:49,000
system was already infected
23403
14:45:50,956 --> 14:45:51,956
in this case you'd probably want to go
23404
14:45:52,880 --> 14:45:53,880
onto a online
23405
14:45:55,436 --> 14:45:56,436
site such as trend i know trend micro
23406
14:45:58,480 --> 14:45:59,480
for instance has something called house
23407
14:46:00,080 --> 14:46:01,080
call and it will scan your computer from
23408
14:46:01,840 --> 14:46:02,840
the web this way you can be a little
23409
14:46:03,756 --> 14:46:04,756
more sure that the
23410
14:46:06,400 --> 14:46:07,400
virus scan program scanning your
23411
14:46:08,000 --> 14:46:09,000
computer is not infected
23412
14:46:11,116 --> 14:46:12,116
you also make sure that it's completely
23413
14:46:12,560 --> 14:46:13,560
up to date this way
23414
14:46:14,880 --> 14:46:15,880
you also want to make sure that the ac
23415
14:46:16,480 --> 14:46:17,480
outlet is wired properly and supplying
23416
14:46:18,320 --> 14:46:19,320
clean power
23417
14:46:19,520 --> 14:46:20,520
if your computer is very intimately
23418
14:46:22,240 --> 14:46:23,240
shutting on and off this could be
23419
14:46:23,596 --> 14:46:24,596
because there's something wrong with the
23420
14:46:24,880 --> 14:46:25,880
power supply
23421
14:46:26,240 --> 14:46:27,240
verify that the power plug is firmly
23422
14:46:28,240 --> 14:46:29,240
secured to the computer if necessary you
23423
14:46:30,720 --> 14:46:31,720
might even want to check the power
23424
14:46:32,320 --> 14:46:33,320
supply the reason you might know
23425
14:46:33,916 --> 14:46:34,916
something's a power supply issue by the
23426
14:46:35,360 --> 14:46:36,360
way is if you're getting intermittent
23427
14:46:37,360 --> 14:46:38,360
and unexplainable shutdowns
23428
14:46:39,596 --> 14:46:40,596
anything that sort of doesn't have a
23429
14:46:41,276 --> 14:46:42,276
pattern can generally be attributed to
23430
14:46:43,116 --> 14:46:44,116
some sort of hardware failure
23431
14:46:46,956 --> 14:46:47,956
finally your last option if you have
23432
14:46:49,040 --> 14:46:50,040
continued stop errors continued blue
23433
14:46:51,360 --> 14:46:52,360
screen of deaths that you cannot figure
23434
14:46:53,436 --> 14:46:54,436
out you can't troubleshoot then your
23435
14:46:55,360 --> 14:46:56,360
last option is to stop troubleshooting
23436
14:46:57,520 --> 14:46:58,520
and simply try fixing
23437
14:46:59,520 --> 14:47:00,520
this is using the system recovery option
23438
14:47:02,720 --> 14:47:03,720
which can restore your system files from
23439
14:47:04,956 --> 14:47:05,956
a restore point or reinstalling windows
23440
14:47:08,640 --> 14:47:09,640
over the current installation
23441
14:47:10,880 --> 14:47:11,880
therefore resetting your system files
23442
14:47:14,160 --> 14:47:15,160
now one thing to note is if you have a
23443
14:47:15,680 --> 14:47:16,680
virus this isn't going to help you much
23444
14:47:17,680 --> 14:47:18,680
and so the only way to completely remove
23445
14:47:19,756 --> 14:47:20,756
a virus from the system is to reformat
23446
14:47:22,560 --> 14:47:23,560
the computer
23447
14:47:25,200 --> 14:47:26,200
you want to do this by the way from the
23448
14:47:26,796 --> 14:47:27,796
installation dvd you can also do it from
23449
14:47:28,956 --> 14:47:29,956
a utility within windows
23450
14:47:30,956 --> 14:47:31,956
but if you're having an error on windows
23451
14:47:33,436 --> 14:47:34,436
then reinstalling from within windows
23452
14:47:35,756 --> 14:47:36,756
might bring over the same issue you've
23453
14:47:37,756 --> 14:47:38,756
already been having
23454
14:47:40,480 --> 14:47:41,480
now if you're having less serious errors
23455
14:47:42,640 --> 14:47:43,640
they might display as a pop-up window
23456
14:47:44,320 --> 14:47:45,320
like this which says the system is just
23457
14:47:46,320 --> 14:47:47,320
recovered from a serious error it then
23458
14:47:48,480 --> 14:47:49,480
gives you an option to send or not send
23459
14:47:50,956 --> 14:47:51,956
the error to microsoft
23460
14:47:52,796 --> 14:47:53,796
usually operating system will continue
23461
14:47:54,320 --> 14:47:55,320
to function
23462
14:47:55,520 --> 14:47:56,520
the application you were using might
23463
14:47:57,040 --> 14:47:58,040
close but the operating system will
23464
14:47:58,720 --> 14:47:59,720
continue to function
23465
14:48:00,640 --> 14:48:01,640
you can also find out more information
23466
14:48:03,200 --> 14:48:04,200
in the event viewer about it
23467
14:48:05,360 --> 14:48:06,360
and you can have it search the internet
23468
14:48:07,116 --> 14:48:08,116
by clicking that click here button
23469
14:48:09,200 --> 14:48:10,200
that'll take you out to the internet and
23470
14:48:10,560 --> 14:48:11,560
give you some more information if there
23471
14:48:12,000 --> 14:48:13,000
is any in the microsoft knowledge base
23472
14:48:15,596 --> 14:48:16,596
it doesn't always work but sometimes
23473
14:48:17,276 --> 14:48:18,276
it's worth checking
23474
14:48:19,436 --> 14:48:20,436
you can also send that air report to
23475
14:48:21,436 --> 14:48:22,436
microsoft as i mentioned and sometimes
23476
14:48:23,596 --> 14:48:24,596
they'll be able to give you a fix but
23477
14:48:25,360 --> 14:48:26,360
more than likely this is to help
23478
14:48:26,880 --> 14:48:27,880
microsoft make their product better
23479
14:48:32,956 --> 14:48:33,956
you can alter how error reporting works
23480
14:48:35,360 --> 14:48:36,360
either by going to the problem reports
23481
14:48:37,520 --> 14:48:38,520
section of vista xp
23482
14:48:39,596 --> 14:48:40,596
or in windows 7 going to the
23483
14:48:42,320 --> 14:48:43,320
action center and choosing the problem
23484
14:48:44,640 --> 14:48:45,640
reporting settings
23485
14:48:49,276 --> 14:48:50,276
so we just talked about stop errors
23486
14:48:51,116 --> 14:48:52,116
otherwise known as bsod i want you to
23487
14:48:52,796 --> 14:48:53,796
remember that term because it stands for
23488
14:48:55,360 --> 14:48:56,360
blue screen
23489
14:48:58,720 --> 14:48:59,720
of death
23490
14:49:00,560 --> 14:49:01,560
and i see this on the exam all the time
23491
14:49:03,840 --> 14:49:04,840
then for troubleshooting improper
23492
14:49:05,436 --> 14:49:06,436
shutdowns we looked at checking the
23493
14:49:06,956 --> 14:49:07,956
event viewer
23494
14:49:08,160 --> 14:49:09,160
specifically the system log using
23495
14:49:10,560 --> 14:49:11,560
msconfig
23496
14:49:12,320 --> 14:49:13,320
removing all the microsoft services
23497
14:49:15,360 --> 14:49:16,360
from the list and disabling those
23498
14:49:20,560 --> 14:49:21,560
booting into safe mode you can do this
23499
14:49:22,000 --> 14:49:23,000
by pressing f8 don't forget
23500
14:49:24,720 --> 14:49:25,720
running a virus scan
23501
14:49:27,360 --> 14:49:28,360
you want to do this
23502
14:49:29,276 --> 14:49:30,276
in a
23503
14:49:30,720 --> 14:49:31,720
safe mode
23504
14:49:32,080 --> 14:49:33,080
the other thing is you always want to
23505
14:49:34,560 --> 14:49:35,560
disable system restore
23506
14:49:38,000 --> 14:49:39,000
before you remove a virus we've
23507
14:49:39,436 --> 14:49:40,436
mentioned that because you don't want
23508
14:49:40,796 --> 14:49:41,796
the virus hiding out in the system
23509
14:49:42,320 --> 14:49:43,320
restore
23510
14:49:44,080 --> 14:49:45,080
check the power if you're having
23511
14:49:45,436 --> 14:49:46,436
intermittent problems specifically
23512
14:49:49,520 --> 14:49:50,520
and finally if you don't have any other
23513
14:49:51,520 --> 14:49:52,520
options as a last resort you can restore
23514
14:49:55,040 --> 14:49:56,040
or do a
23515
14:49:56,240 --> 14:49:57,240
recovery installation of windows
23516
14:49:59,040 --> 14:50:00,040
finally error reporting is going to have
23517
14:50:00,720 --> 14:50:01,720
you send information
23518
14:50:04,080 --> 14:50:05,080
to microsoft if you so wish
23519
14:50:09,360 --> 14:50:10,360
great
23520
14:50:11,040 --> 14:50:12,040
so now let's finish up our discussion of
23521
14:50:13,840 --> 14:50:14,840
troubleshooting windows by looking at
23522
14:50:15,520 --> 14:50:16,520
some of the command line tools that you
23523
14:50:18,560 --> 14:50:19,560
have at your disposal which i see pop up
23524
14:50:20,560 --> 14:50:21,560
on the exam quite a bit
23525
14:50:25,420 --> 14:50:26,420
[Music]
23526
14:50:45,756 --> 14:50:46,756
troubleshooting windows
23527
14:50:47,520 --> 14:50:48,520
command line tools
23528
14:50:50,000 --> 14:50:51,000
so let's finish up this section on
23529
14:50:51,756 --> 14:50:52,756
troubleshooting windows and on most of
23530
14:50:53,596 --> 14:50:54,596
the information we're going to talk
23531
14:50:54,640 --> 14:50:55,640
about windows in general on a plus by
23532
14:50:56,480 --> 14:50:57,480
looking at the command line tools that
23533
14:50:58,640 --> 14:50:59,640
you not only need to know for the exam
23534
14:51:00,640 --> 14:51:01,640
but that will help you in a
23535
14:51:03,116 --> 14:51:04,116
troubleshooting situation
23536
14:51:05,116 --> 14:51:06,116
so i'm going to list all of the
23537
14:51:06,240 --> 14:51:07,240
different uh
23538
14:51:07,680 --> 14:51:08,680
command line tools here and these are
23539
14:51:09,840 --> 14:51:10,840
all ones that you should memorize for
23540
14:51:11,916 --> 14:51:12,916
the exam and you should know how they
23541
14:51:13,520 --> 14:51:14,520
work as well because i see
23542
14:51:15,840 --> 14:51:16,840
a lot of questions on these which is why
23543
14:51:18,080 --> 14:51:19,080
i'm spending a whole video on them
23544
14:51:20,000 --> 14:51:21,000
first i want to look at uh commands that
23545
14:51:21,680 --> 14:51:22,680
you would probably use within windows uh
23546
14:51:24,240 --> 14:51:25,240
meaning within the windows operating
23547
14:51:25,520 --> 14:51:26,520
system itself rather than from the
23548
14:51:27,756 --> 14:51:28,756
windows recovery console
23549
14:51:29,680 --> 14:51:30,680
these include uh some we've seen before
23550
14:51:31,436 --> 14:51:32,436
including check disk
23551
14:51:33,116 --> 14:51:34,116
the system file checker also we've seen
23552
14:51:34,956 --> 14:51:35,956
that one before
23553
14:51:36,480 --> 14:51:37,480
convert which we haven't necessarily
23554
14:51:39,116 --> 14:51:40,116
seen before but we've seen the same sort
23555
14:51:41,200 --> 14:51:42,200
of thing
23556
14:51:42,400 --> 14:51:43,400
format also something that we know we
23557
14:51:44,400 --> 14:51:45,400
can do from the disk management utility
23558
14:51:47,116 --> 14:51:48,116
disk part or the disk partitioning tool
23559
14:51:50,560 --> 14:51:51,560
the defrag tool something we have seen
23560
14:51:52,560 --> 14:51:53,560
before
23561
14:51:54,160 --> 14:51:55,160
x copy a more advanced
23562
14:51:57,756 --> 14:51:58,756
form of the copy utility and robocopy or
23563
14:52:00,720 --> 14:52:01,720
the robust file copy which is also a
23564
14:52:02,956 --> 14:52:03,956
more advanced copy command
23565
14:52:06,320 --> 14:52:07,320
task list which is similar to the task
23566
14:52:08,480 --> 14:52:09,480
manager
23567
14:52:09,436 --> 14:52:10,436
and task kill also similar to one of the
23568
14:52:11,680 --> 14:52:12,680
features in the task manager
23569
14:52:14,080 --> 14:52:15,080
finally we'll look at the shutdown
23570
14:52:15,520 --> 14:52:16,520
command which is not only useful for
23571
14:52:17,840 --> 14:52:18,840
shutting down your own computer but for
23572
14:52:19,596 --> 14:52:20,596
shutting down a remote computer as well
23573
14:52:22,000 --> 14:52:23,000
next we'll look at recovery command
23574
14:52:23,680 --> 14:52:24,680
prompt commands some of these you can
23575
14:52:25,756 --> 14:52:26,756
use within windows and some are best
23576
14:52:28,400 --> 14:52:29,400
used just in the command prompt
23577
14:52:31,040 --> 14:52:32,040
including edit
23578
14:52:32,720 --> 14:52:33,720
which is like a text editor
23579
14:52:35,436 --> 14:52:36,436
the copy command which we've seen
23580
14:52:38,160 --> 14:52:39,160
the expand command sort of like an unzip
23581
14:52:41,116 --> 14:52:42,116
tool
23582
14:52:42,956 --> 14:52:43,956
then some commands we've seen before
23583
14:52:44,400 --> 14:52:45,400
including the boot recovery command with
23584
14:52:47,040 --> 14:52:48,040
the fixed boot switch
23585
14:52:49,116 --> 14:52:50,116
with the fix mbr switch
23586
14:52:51,916 --> 14:52:52,916
with the rebuild bcd switch
23587
14:52:54,796 --> 14:52:55,796
and with the scan os switch
23588
14:52:57,680 --> 14:52:58,680
these are all windows 7 and vista
23589
14:52:59,756 --> 14:53:00,756
commands and so then we'll look at the
23590
14:53:01,360 --> 14:53:02,360
fix mbr and fix boot commands which are
23591
14:53:04,796 --> 14:53:05,796
specifically for xp
23592
14:53:07,200 --> 14:53:08,200
some of these i will show you in windows
23593
14:53:09,276 --> 14:53:10,276
but for the most part a lot of these
23594
14:53:11,596 --> 14:53:12,596
we could only show if we did so i'm
23595
14:53:13,116 --> 14:53:14,116
going to talk about them
23596
14:53:15,200 --> 14:53:16,200
and you can explore them on your own
23597
14:53:17,596 --> 14:53:18,596
in general whenever you have a command
23598
14:53:19,840 --> 14:53:20,840
if you use the switch
23599
14:53:22,956 --> 14:53:23,956
question mark after a command so let's
23600
14:53:25,360 --> 14:53:26,360
say we did convert
23601
14:53:27,756 --> 14:53:28,756
space switch question mark that would
23602
14:53:29,680 --> 14:53:30,680
give us the help on that command and
23603
14:53:32,000 --> 14:53:33,000
tell us how to use it even further i'll
23604
14:53:34,000 --> 14:53:35,000
point out any switches that you need to
23605
14:53:35,520 --> 14:53:36,520
know but just so you know this is always
23606
14:53:37,276 --> 14:53:38,276
a way to get help with any command
23607
14:53:39,680 --> 14:53:40,680
okay
23608
14:53:40,956 --> 14:53:41,956
so first let's look at command line
23609
14:53:42,320 --> 14:53:43,320
tools within windows there are two
23610
14:53:44,480 --> 14:53:45,480
groups of commands
23611
14:53:45,840 --> 14:53:46,840
the first are those that run from within
23612
14:53:47,520 --> 14:53:48,520
the windows operating system
23613
14:53:49,520 --> 14:53:50,520
these you can
23614
14:53:51,040 --> 14:53:52,040
usually
23615
14:53:52,080 --> 14:53:53,080
run by going to the command prompt and
23616
14:53:54,000 --> 14:53:55,000
running in elevated mode when you run as
23617
14:53:56,796 --> 14:53:57,796
administrator this is something we've
23618
14:53:58,000 --> 14:53:59,000
seen before
23619
14:53:59,520 --> 14:54:00,520
there are also those that run from when
23620
14:54:01,680 --> 14:54:02,680
you run the command prompt option within
23621
14:54:03,756 --> 14:54:04,756
either the windows system recovery uh
23622
14:54:06,480 --> 14:54:07,480
option in seven and vista that's win-re
23623
14:54:08,956 --> 14:54:09,956
or from the recovery console within xp
23624
14:54:12,880 --> 14:54:13,880
so we're going to look first at these
23625
14:54:14,720 --> 14:54:15,720
commands which you can also run here
23626
14:54:17,040 --> 14:54:18,040
okay and then we're going to look at
23627
14:54:18,400 --> 14:54:19,400
these commands
23628
14:54:19,680 --> 14:54:20,680
some of these do overlap but i'm trying
23629
14:54:22,480 --> 14:54:23,480
to give you a sense of which ones you
23630
14:54:23,596 --> 14:54:24,596
would use from within the windows itself
23631
14:54:26,320 --> 14:54:27,320
and the ones you're running
23632
14:54:28,240 --> 14:54:29,240
going to want to pay particular
23633
14:54:29,436 --> 14:54:30,436
attention to from within the windows
23634
14:54:31,276 --> 14:54:32,276
command recovery consoles
23635
14:54:34,640 --> 14:54:35,640
first let's look at check disk now we've
23636
14:54:36,320 --> 14:54:37,320
talked about check this already we've
23637
14:54:38,080 --> 14:54:39,080
looked at the gui interface and we even
23638
14:54:39,436 --> 14:54:40,436
mentioned this but it never hurts to
23639
14:54:40,956 --> 14:54:41,956
mention again this checks a disk a hard
23640
14:54:43,840 --> 14:54:44,840
disk or a solid state and can fix basic
23641
14:54:46,400 --> 14:54:47,400
issues like lost files or
23642
14:54:49,276 --> 14:54:50,276
validation of a certain files it
23643
14:54:51,360 --> 14:54:52,360
displays a status report of what is
23644
14:54:53,840 --> 14:54:54,840
found underneath it
23645
14:54:56,080 --> 14:54:57,080
and
23646
14:54:56,880 --> 14:54:57,880
what's important to know about the check
23647
14:54:58,640 --> 14:54:59,640
disk command is simply running
23648
14:55:01,360 --> 14:55:02,360
check disk
23649
14:55:03,276 --> 14:55:04,276
you are going to find any errors but
23650
14:55:05,916 --> 14:55:06,916
you're not necessarily going to fix them
23651
14:55:08,160 --> 14:55:09,160
okay and you can see here when i ran
23652
14:55:10,080 --> 14:55:11,080
check disk to make this
23653
14:55:11,916 --> 14:55:12,916
screenshot it told me the f parameter is
23654
14:55:14,160 --> 14:55:15,160
not specified so i'm running it in only
23655
14:55:16,240 --> 14:55:17,240
in read-only mode meaning i'm going to
23656
14:55:18,160 --> 14:55:19,160
find errors but not actually fix them so
23657
14:55:20,320 --> 14:55:21,320
you always run a run with the slash f
23658
14:55:22,640 --> 14:55:23,640
command alternately the slash r command
23659
14:55:25,116 --> 14:55:26,116
will do the same exact thing
23660
14:55:28,480 --> 14:55:29,480
so um you can use this whenever you have
23661
14:55:30,640 --> 14:55:31,640
missing operating system files you're
23662
14:55:32,720 --> 14:55:33,720
having a lot of issues with your hard
23663
14:55:34,160 --> 14:55:35,160
drive or invalid boot disk uh errors and
23664
14:55:38,080 --> 14:55:39,080
you might get a better if you are
23665
14:55:39,756 --> 14:55:40,756
getting an invalid boot disk area you're
23666
14:55:41,200 --> 14:55:42,200
gonna have to run it from the recovery
23667
14:55:42,560 --> 14:55:43,560
console which you can certainly do
23668
14:55:45,116 --> 14:55:46,116
so again checking the disk checks the
23669
14:55:47,200 --> 14:55:48,200
disk for a hard drive missing sectors
23670
14:55:49,596 --> 14:55:50,596
missing files missing folders
23671
14:55:51,840 --> 14:55:52,840
it looks at file verification it looks
23672
14:55:54,400 --> 14:55:55,400
at large record files
23673
14:55:56,480 --> 14:55:57,480
you can see it's looking at re-parsing
23674
14:55:58,320 --> 14:55:59,320
certain records etc so this is really
23675
14:56:00,320 --> 14:56:01,320
looking at the hard disk itself
23676
14:56:03,116 --> 14:56:04,116
now this is slightly different from the
23677
14:56:05,360 --> 14:56:06,360
system file checker or sfc
23678
14:56:08,160 --> 14:56:09,160
this is a utility that checks protected
23679
14:56:10,560 --> 14:56:11,560
system files as we've already discussed
23680
14:56:12,880 --> 14:56:13,880
it replaces incorrect versions or
23681
14:56:15,040 --> 14:56:16,040
corrupted files or missing files with
23682
14:56:17,276 --> 14:56:18,276
the correct files again we're
23683
14:56:18,640 --> 14:56:19,640
specifically talking here about system
23684
14:56:20,956 --> 14:56:21,956
files okay
23685
14:56:22,320 --> 14:56:23,320
it's used to fix problems with internet
23686
14:56:24,240 --> 14:56:25,240
explorer or other applications as well
23687
14:56:27,840 --> 14:56:28,840
typically
23688
14:56:29,596 --> 14:56:30,596
you're going to run the sfc with certain
23689
14:56:31,596 --> 14:56:32,596
options and there are two i want you to
23690
14:56:33,436 --> 14:56:34,436
be aware of the first is the scan now
23691
14:56:35,840 --> 14:56:36,840
option which you see right here and
23692
14:56:37,680 --> 14:56:38,680
that's going to scan all protected files
23693
14:56:39,436 --> 14:56:40,436
immediately
23694
14:56:40,720 --> 14:56:41,720
alternatively you can use the scan once
23695
14:56:43,040 --> 14:56:44,040
option which will scan all the files
23696
14:56:45,916 --> 14:56:46,916
upon the next boot up now you might want
23697
14:56:48,000 --> 14:56:49,000
to do this because it's going to give
23698
14:56:49,276 --> 14:56:50,276
you a cleaner scan
23699
14:56:51,436 --> 14:56:52,436
because you're running after a reboot
23700
14:56:54,160 --> 14:56:55,160
as opposed to running within windows and
23701
14:56:56,240 --> 14:56:57,240
some of the files you're going to scan
23702
14:56:57,916 --> 14:56:58,916
are possibly being used by the system at
23703
14:57:00,080 --> 14:57:01,080
that moment
23704
14:57:03,680 --> 14:57:04,680
all right let's talk about convert a
23705
14:57:05,116 --> 14:57:06,116
tool we have not seen yet
23706
14:57:07,360 --> 14:57:08,360
this converts a volume previously
23707
14:57:09,436 --> 14:57:10,436
formatted as fat32 to an ntfs volume
23708
14:57:12,956 --> 14:57:13,956
without losing any data
23709
14:57:15,040 --> 14:57:16,040
so
23710
14:57:16,956 --> 14:57:17,956
you can see right here
23711
14:57:18,640 --> 14:57:19,640
there's the switch what i want to do for
23712
14:57:20,720 --> 14:57:21,720
instance i have a fat32
23713
14:57:22,640 --> 14:57:23,640
hard drive or i've formatted it as such
23714
14:57:25,200 --> 14:57:26,200
and now a little bit into using it i
23715
14:57:26,796 --> 14:57:27,796
want to
23716
14:57:27,596 --> 14:57:28,596
format convert it rather to ntfs if i do
23717
14:57:30,880 --> 14:57:31,880
this the old-fashioned way i actually
23718
14:57:32,240 --> 14:57:33,240
have to
23719
14:57:33,680 --> 14:57:34,680
format the hard drive and then
23720
14:57:36,880 --> 14:57:37,880
partition it with the specific
23721
14:57:40,956 --> 14:57:41,956
file system
23722
14:57:42,400 --> 14:57:43,400
that would mean losing all of the data
23723
14:57:43,916 --> 14:57:44,916
that's already on there so we can use
23724
14:57:45,436 --> 14:57:46,436
the convert command to convert the
23725
14:57:48,000 --> 14:57:49,000
current
23726
14:57:49,040 --> 14:57:50,040
file system to and ntfs without losing
23727
14:57:52,000 --> 14:57:53,000
any of our data
23728
14:57:54,400 --> 14:57:55,400
so this command shows you how we would
23729
14:57:55,840 --> 14:57:56,840
do this convert space
23730
14:57:58,160 --> 14:57:59,160
d colon which is the name of the of the
23731
14:58:01,200 --> 14:58:02,200
d drive for instance space
23732
14:58:03,596 --> 14:58:04,596
switch fs colon
23733
14:58:05,680 --> 14:58:06,680
ntfs so we're saying convert
23734
14:58:09,116 --> 14:58:10,116
the d drive
23735
14:58:11,116 --> 14:58:12,116
to the file system
23736
14:58:13,596 --> 14:58:14,596
and tfs
23737
14:58:17,200 --> 14:58:18,200
now we can do that from
23738
14:58:19,436 --> 14:58:20,436
within
23739
14:58:20,956 --> 14:58:21,956
the gui interface as well but it's
23740
14:58:23,520 --> 14:58:24,520
sometimes a little easier to do from the
23741
14:58:24,956 --> 14:58:25,956
command line let me just go over there
23742
14:58:26,480 --> 14:58:27,480
for a second
23743
14:58:28,480 --> 14:58:29,480
so if we're here i just want to show you
23744
14:58:30,320 --> 14:58:31,320
convert i'm going to do the help like i
23745
14:58:32,240 --> 14:58:33,240
said and this tells us all of those this
23746
14:58:34,160 --> 14:58:35,160
is the screenshot we saw but i just want
23747
14:58:36,080 --> 14:58:37,080
to show you if we go to manage
23748
14:58:39,436 --> 14:58:40,436
and we go to storage here and we're in
23749
14:58:41,040 --> 14:58:42,040
the disk management uh storage area
23750
14:58:44,640 --> 14:58:45,640
which i think we've seen before
23751
14:58:46,720 --> 14:58:47,720
if this wasn't ntfs
23752
14:58:48,720 --> 14:58:49,720
i could do some converting here as well
23753
14:58:51,200 --> 14:58:52,200
okay so there is the ability to do this
23754
14:58:53,596 --> 14:58:54,596
to an extent but sometimes we want to
23755
14:58:55,756 --> 14:58:56,756
use the convert tool um just because i
23756
14:58:58,000 --> 14:58:59,000
might want to do this from outside of
23757
14:58:59,840 --> 14:59:00,840
windows perhaps in a recovery uh area
23758
14:59:05,756 --> 14:59:06,756
the format command is another thing we
23759
14:59:07,200 --> 14:59:08,200
can do from within that gui manage
23760
14:59:09,040 --> 14:59:10,040
interface it's used to format magnetic
23761
14:59:11,916 --> 14:59:12,916
media such as hard drives or electric
23762
14:59:15,200 --> 14:59:16,200
media such as the solid state drives to
23763
14:59:17,520 --> 14:59:18,520
fat fat32 or ntfs file systems so again
23764
14:59:21,680 --> 14:59:22,680
when you first receive a hard drive
23765
14:59:23,436 --> 14:59:24,436
generally speaking it's not formatted
23766
14:59:25,040 --> 14:59:26,040
for anything so before you use it you
23767
14:59:26,720 --> 14:59:27,720
need to format it
23768
14:59:29,116 --> 14:59:30,116
the type of file system just like with
23769
14:59:31,116 --> 14:59:32,116
the convert command is
23770
14:59:33,680 --> 14:59:34,680
going to be uh
23771
14:59:36,160 --> 14:59:37,160
you're going to use the switch
23772
14:59:38,000 --> 14:59:39,000
fs to determine the file system
23773
14:59:40,720 --> 14:59:41,720
and you can then either use fat
23774
14:59:43,520 --> 14:59:44,520
fat32 or ntfs to tell the computer what
23775
14:59:47,680 --> 14:59:48,680
to format it as
23776
14:59:49,520 --> 14:59:50,520
you can also do this from within the
23777
14:59:50,880 --> 14:59:51,880
disk management gui as i already pointed
23778
14:59:52,720 --> 14:59:53,720
out but if they ask you on the exam how
23779
14:59:55,520 --> 14:59:56,520
what of the which of the following
23780
14:59:56,560 --> 14:59:57,560
commands would allow you to format a
23781
14:59:58,000 --> 14:59:59,000
drive to ntfs now you know how to do it
23782
15:00:01,200 --> 15:00:02,200
and again if we were to write that out
23783
15:00:03,116 --> 15:00:04,116
that would be
23784
15:00:04,720 --> 15:00:05,720
format
23785
15:00:07,360 --> 15:00:08,360
let's say we wanted to format the d
23786
15:00:08,956 --> 15:00:09,956
drive okay
23787
15:00:11,680 --> 15:00:12,680
switch fs
23788
15:00:14,796 --> 15:00:15,796
and then we could say ntfs
23789
15:00:18,160 --> 15:00:19,160
and again we can see that right
23790
15:00:20,956 --> 15:00:21,956
here
23791
15:00:22,240 --> 15:00:23,240
and if we look up here this will always
23792
15:00:23,680 --> 15:00:24,680
tell you the format so you can see it's
23793
15:00:25,200 --> 15:00:26,200
the format command
23794
15:00:27,200 --> 15:00:28,200
the volume which would be d
23795
15:00:29,276 --> 15:00:30,276
and then any of these switches
23796
15:00:32,400 --> 15:00:33,400
this would even let you if i put v a
23797
15:00:34,796 --> 15:00:35,796
switch v at the end
23798
15:00:36,560 --> 15:00:37,560
so if i was to add at the end of this
23799
15:00:38,720 --> 15:00:39,720
space slash v
23800
15:00:41,596 --> 15:00:42,596
you know um
23801
15:00:43,756 --> 15:00:44,756
disk then that would give this d drive a
23802
15:00:46,720 --> 15:00:47,720
label of
23803
15:00:47,840 --> 15:00:48,840
the disk or we could call it for
23804
15:00:49,680 --> 15:00:50,680
instance maybe we don't want to say disk
23805
15:00:51,276 --> 15:00:52,276
maybe we want to say files or
23806
15:00:54,320 --> 15:00:55,320
system or some other descriptor to tell
23807
15:00:56,720 --> 15:00:57,720
us what the volume is okay
23808
15:01:00,880 --> 15:01:01,880
disk part or the disk partition utility
23809
15:01:03,596 --> 15:01:04,596
allows us to partition the disk this is
23810
15:01:05,840 --> 15:01:06,840
also something we can do from that gui
23811
15:01:07,756 --> 15:01:08,756
so it is the command line counterpart to
23812
15:01:10,240 --> 15:01:11,240
the windows disk management program
23813
15:01:11,596 --> 15:01:12,596
which we just took a look at
23814
15:01:13,596 --> 15:01:14,596
and it allows you to create delete or
23815
15:01:15,520 --> 15:01:16,520
extend volumes so let's say i have two
23816
15:01:18,480 --> 15:01:19,480
draw two disks
23817
15:01:20,000 --> 15:01:21,000
i have the c drive and i have two
23818
15:01:22,560 --> 15:01:23,560
logical drives rather and the d drive
23819
15:01:24,400 --> 15:01:25,400
i might want to
23820
15:01:26,240 --> 15:01:27,240
use the disk part utility
23821
15:01:28,720 --> 15:01:29,720
right which is not a command it is
23822
15:01:30,000 --> 15:01:31,000
utility notice that i go into disk part
23823
15:01:32,400 --> 15:01:33,400
and now i can start and now i have all
23824
15:01:34,400 --> 15:01:35,400
these options of things to do
23825
15:01:36,400 --> 15:01:37,400
so for instance i could convert within
23826
15:01:38,400 --> 15:01:39,400
the disk part utility i could extend
23827
15:01:41,200 --> 15:01:42,200
i could expand the volume i could change
23828
15:01:43,200 --> 15:01:44,200
the file system etc
23829
15:01:45,200 --> 15:01:46,200
okay so if i wanted to merge the c and d
23830
15:01:48,080 --> 15:01:49,080
commands i would use
23831
15:01:50,000 --> 15:01:51,000
um
23832
15:01:51,276 --> 15:01:52,276
the merge command for instance
23833
15:01:54,240 --> 15:01:55,240
i could also use perhaps the extend or
23834
15:01:56,480 --> 15:01:57,480
expand uh
23835
15:01:58,240 --> 15:01:59,240
disks uh commands depending on what the
23836
15:02:00,796 --> 15:02:01,796
situation is
23837
15:02:02,956 --> 15:02:03,956
it also lets you assign drive letters
23838
15:02:05,116 --> 15:02:06,116
make partitions active etc again
23839
15:02:07,916 --> 15:02:08,916
what we do with this one just slightly
23840
15:02:09,436 --> 15:02:10,436
different is we run the command disk
23841
15:02:11,276 --> 15:02:12,276
part that takes us into the utility and
23842
15:02:13,596 --> 15:02:14,596
then from the utility we tell it uh what
23843
15:02:16,240 --> 15:02:17,240
we want to do so where i put the
23844
15:02:18,160 --> 15:02:19,160
question mark here that's i'm asking for
23845
15:02:20,400 --> 15:02:21,400
help i would put here
23846
15:02:22,400 --> 15:02:23,400
and you can see it at the bottom here
23847
15:02:23,916 --> 15:02:24,916
you know i put like convert
23848
15:02:26,560 --> 15:02:27,560
etc etc
23849
15:02:31,756 --> 15:02:32,756
defrag we've looked at defragmenting
23850
15:02:33,916 --> 15:02:34,916
earlier this is the command line version
23851
15:02:35,756 --> 15:02:36,756
of the disk defragmenter utility
23852
15:02:38,480 --> 15:02:39,480
it's going to allow you to analyze a
23853
15:02:40,000 --> 15:02:41,000
disk without even defragging if you want
23854
15:02:41,840 --> 15:02:42,840
to use the slash
23855
15:02:43,436 --> 15:02:44,436
a switch you can see that says perform
23856
15:02:45,520 --> 15:02:46,520
an analysis on the specified volume i'm
23857
15:02:47,840 --> 15:02:48,840
not actually going to perform a
23858
15:02:49,520 --> 15:02:50,520
defragment it's just going to tell me
23859
15:02:50,956 --> 15:02:51,956
how fragmented the disk is
23860
15:02:54,880 --> 15:02:55,880
i can also use other switches
23861
15:02:57,520 --> 15:02:58,520
all listed right here
23862
15:02:59,436 --> 15:03:00,436
to perform other tasks and you can see
23863
15:03:02,000 --> 15:03:03,000
those
23864
15:03:02,880 --> 15:03:03,880
for instance
23865
15:03:05,520 --> 15:03:06,520
run the operation at a normal priority
23866
15:03:08,720 --> 15:03:09,720
uh perform it on all volumes might be a
23867
15:03:11,116 --> 15:03:12,116
switch i generally want to run etc
23868
15:03:14,160 --> 15:03:15,160
again the reason you're going to want to
23869
15:03:15,360 --> 15:03:16,360
use this is if you have uh you know if
23870
15:03:18,640 --> 15:03:19,640
you have less than 15 of the disk
23871
15:03:20,880 --> 15:03:21,880
available you're going to want to use
23872
15:03:21,916 --> 15:03:22,916
the disk utility as opposed to the gui
23873
15:03:23,520 --> 15:03:24,520
utility
23874
15:03:27,276 --> 15:03:28,276
now we looked at copy the copy command a
23875
15:03:29,200 --> 15:03:30,200
little earlier and we'll look at it
23876
15:03:30,240 --> 15:03:31,240
again but copy allows you to copy one
23877
15:03:32,560 --> 15:03:33,560
file from one place to another
23878
15:03:35,116 --> 15:03:36,116
x copy was an advancement upon copy and
23879
15:03:38,080 --> 15:03:39,080
it allowed you to copy large amounts of
23880
15:03:40,000 --> 15:03:41,000
data from one location to the other as
23881
15:03:41,436 --> 15:03:42,436
opposed to copy which can only do one it
23882
15:03:43,596 --> 15:03:44,596
could even make exact copies of entire
23883
15:03:46,080 --> 15:03:47,080
directory trees
23884
15:03:47,840 --> 15:03:48,840
something that the copy command could
23885
15:03:50,000 --> 15:03:51,000
not do because copy can only
23886
15:03:52,400 --> 15:03:53,400
handle single files so instead of having
23887
15:03:54,400 --> 15:03:55,400
to run a million copy commands i can run
23888
15:03:57,040 --> 15:03:58,040
an x copy on an entire directory and i
23889
15:03:59,916 --> 15:04:00,916
can you know
23890
15:04:01,520 --> 15:04:02,520
copy over all the files i have a lot
23891
15:04:03,520 --> 15:04:04,520
more options here too
23892
15:04:05,436 --> 15:04:06,436
so friends i can only copy files with
23893
15:04:07,116 --> 15:04:08,116
the attribute file set that would be for
23894
15:04:09,200 --> 15:04:10,200
backups so i could use xcopy to actually
23895
15:04:11,520 --> 15:04:12,520
do a very um kind of
23896
15:04:15,276 --> 15:04:16,276
poor man's backup utility if i wanted
23897
15:04:19,040 --> 15:04:20,040
there are others here for instance i can
23898
15:04:21,276 --> 15:04:22,276
have it prompt to create new files
23899
15:04:24,880 --> 15:04:25,880
copy directories and subdirectories
23900
15:04:27,276 --> 15:04:28,276
would be the slash s command
23901
15:04:29,840 --> 15:04:30,840
so that would allow me to copy uh an
23902
15:04:32,320 --> 15:04:33,320
entire tree structure
23903
15:04:36,240 --> 15:04:37,240
now some useful switches
23904
15:04:39,040 --> 15:04:40,040
are that you might want to know first of
23905
15:04:40,560 --> 15:04:41,560
all star
23906
15:04:41,916 --> 15:04:42,916
dot star
23907
15:04:43,276 --> 15:04:44,276
is going to allow you to copy
23908
15:04:45,360 --> 15:04:46,360
all files so if i did and this works
23909
15:04:47,276 --> 15:04:48,276
with copy as well but if i did x copy
23910
15:04:51,360 --> 15:04:52,360
you know star
23911
15:04:52,880 --> 15:04:53,880
dot star
23912
15:05:00,880 --> 15:05:01,880
c drive for instance and i actually
23913
15:05:03,360 --> 15:05:04,360
wrote that the opposite
23914
15:05:06,840 --> 15:05:07,840
way but let's say i did this command
23915
15:05:09,360 --> 15:05:10,360
xcopy star.star c it's going to copy all
23916
15:05:12,240 --> 15:05:13,240
the files in the current directory 2c
23917
15:05:14,880 --> 15:05:15,880
and this and that's because again
23918
15:05:17,596 --> 15:05:18,596
this is a wildcard meaning all files
23919
15:05:19,680 --> 15:05:20,680
with all extensions if you wanted to do
23920
15:05:22,000 --> 15:05:23,000
for instance star.exe
23921
15:05:24,160 --> 15:05:25,160
that would only copy all files with the
23922
15:05:26,080 --> 15:05:27,080
exe extension
23923
15:05:29,040 --> 15:05:30,040
uh slash e as i mentioned that's right
23924
15:05:31,200 --> 15:05:32,200
here is going to copy all folders and
23925
15:05:33,276 --> 15:05:34,276
subfolders including the empty ones
23926
15:05:35,840 --> 15:05:36,840
whereas slash s copies all of them with
23927
15:05:38,640 --> 15:05:39,640
the exception of empty ones
23928
15:05:40,640 --> 15:05:41,640
so
23929
15:05:41,520 --> 15:05:42,520
slash doesn't uh use um
23930
15:05:44,400 --> 15:05:45,400
doesn't copy over empty ones which can
23931
15:05:45,916 --> 15:05:46,916
be useful and slash f displays the full
23932
15:05:48,320 --> 15:05:49,320
source and destination of files while
23933
15:05:50,400 --> 15:05:51,400
copying them so those are just some
23934
15:05:51,596 --> 15:05:52,596
useful ones
23935
15:05:55,916 --> 15:05:56,916
robocopy is the next step up from xcopy
23936
15:05:59,680 --> 15:06:00,680
it stands for robust file copy
23937
15:06:03,360 --> 15:06:04,360
it's a directory replication tool that's
23938
15:06:05,840 --> 15:06:06,840
meant to copy directories that contain
23939
15:06:07,596 --> 15:06:08,596
lots of data
23940
15:06:08,956 --> 15:06:09,956
including full directory trees so while
23941
15:06:11,520 --> 15:06:12,520
xcopy can do that robocopy adds some
23942
15:06:14,320 --> 15:06:15,320
additional advantages that xcopy doesn't
23943
15:06:16,880 --> 15:06:17,880
have for instance if you're copying over
23944
15:06:19,276 --> 15:06:20,276
the network it can tolerate network
23945
15:06:21,116 --> 15:06:22,116
interruptions so if your network goes
23946
15:06:23,436 --> 15:06:24,436
down and you're doing an x copy uh it'll
23947
15:06:26,640 --> 15:06:27,640
just fail robocopy on the other hand can
23948
15:06:29,436 --> 15:06:30,436
actually resist or overcome these
23949
15:06:32,796 --> 15:06:33,796
interruptions and will continue copying
23950
15:06:34,720 --> 15:06:35,720
once the network is back in place
23951
15:06:37,436 --> 15:06:38,436
it can also skip past junctions
23952
15:06:40,720 --> 15:06:41,720
preserve data attributes and time stamps
23953
15:06:43,116 --> 15:06:44,116
something that copy when you copy a file
23954
15:06:45,116 --> 15:06:46,116
it actually changes the data attributes
23955
15:06:47,360 --> 15:06:48,360
and some of the timestamps
23956
15:06:49,040 --> 15:06:50,040
and it does not it is not used
23957
15:06:52,240 --> 15:06:53,240
unlike copy and xcopy for copying just a
23958
15:06:54,560 --> 15:06:55,560
single file so it is specifically for
23959
15:06:56,796 --> 15:06:57,796
directories subdirectories really
23960
15:06:59,756 --> 15:07:00,756
large copy issues generally that you're
23961
15:07:02,240 --> 15:07:03,240
going to want to be using um in what are
23962
15:07:04,956 --> 15:07:05,956
called batch files
23963
15:07:07,916 --> 15:07:08,916
you can also have it copy only
23964
15:07:09,436 --> 15:07:10,436
directories for instance instead of
23965
15:07:11,200 --> 15:07:12,200
files so a lot more things you can do
23966
15:07:13,360 --> 15:07:14,360
with robocopy than you can with x copy
23967
15:07:15,916 --> 15:07:16,916
and a lot more things you can do with x
23968
15:07:17,436 --> 15:07:18,436
copy than regular copy
23969
15:07:19,916 --> 15:07:20,916
for instance it'll also give an in-depth
23970
15:07:21,756 --> 15:07:22,756
results of its actions when it's done
23971
15:07:23,276 --> 15:07:24,276
and you can look at all the
23972
15:07:24,880 --> 15:07:25,880
different switches
23973
15:07:26,720 --> 15:07:27,720
down here and take a look and see which
23974
15:07:28,480 --> 15:07:29,480
one's useful i doubt you'll need to know
23975
15:07:30,000 --> 15:07:31,000
any of the switches for the exam just
23976
15:07:31,680 --> 15:07:32,680
know about robocopy in general
23977
15:07:35,520 --> 15:07:36,520
now task list as you can see from the
23978
15:07:39,276 --> 15:07:40,276
screenshot there is similar to the
23979
15:07:41,116 --> 15:07:42,116
processes tab of the task manager it
23980
15:07:43,436 --> 15:07:44,436
lists all the processes running
23981
15:07:45,916 --> 15:07:46,916
and each process and this is important
23982
15:07:48,320 --> 15:07:49,320
is assign what's called a process
23983
15:07:49,916 --> 15:07:50,916
identification number or pid
23984
15:07:52,956 --> 15:07:53,956
now what you do is in the next command
23985
15:07:54,480 --> 15:07:55,480
we're going to see you're going to use
23986
15:07:55,436 --> 15:07:56,436
that pid to actually do things with the
23987
15:07:57,520 --> 15:07:58,520
processes
23988
15:07:59,276 --> 15:08:00,276
these are assigned by the way
23989
15:08:00,480 --> 15:08:01,480
dynamically meaning there's they're
23990
15:08:02,720 --> 15:08:03,720
signed
23991
15:08:03,680 --> 15:08:04,680
differently every time they're open and
23992
15:08:05,680 --> 15:08:06,680
so they always change
23993
15:08:08,160 --> 15:08:09,160
and that way also you're not going to
23994
15:08:09,840 --> 15:08:10,840
use the same application same number for
23995
15:08:12,796 --> 15:08:13,796
uh two applications that way every
23996
15:08:15,200 --> 15:08:16,200
application has its own number which of
23997
15:08:17,360 --> 15:08:18,360
course is um
23998
15:08:19,360 --> 15:08:20,360
important if you're going to be doing
23999
15:08:20,640 --> 15:08:21,640
things with this list
24000
15:08:23,276 --> 15:08:24,276
it also shows as you can see all the way
24001
15:08:25,040 --> 15:08:26,040
to the right the memory usage of each
24002
15:08:27,756 --> 15:08:28,756
process so you can see for instance that
24003
15:08:29,840 --> 15:08:30,840
one of the svc hosts which is built into
24004
15:08:32,000 --> 15:08:33,000
windows and is required for it there are
24005
15:08:34,080 --> 15:08:35,080
several of them running is taking up a
24006
15:08:36,080 --> 15:08:37,080
good chunk of the memory and we could
24007
15:08:38,560 --> 15:08:39,560
also see for instance that
24008
15:08:40,320 --> 15:08:41,320
this command
24009
15:08:41,756 --> 15:08:42,756
which is another it looks like an
24010
15:08:43,116 --> 15:08:44,116
another sv host or perhaps vmware tool
24011
15:08:47,436 --> 15:08:48,436
is also running a lot of memory so these
24012
15:08:49,200 --> 15:08:50,200
would help you
24013
15:08:50,480 --> 15:08:51,480
look at bottlenecks of course you could
24014
15:08:52,000 --> 15:08:53,000
always do this from task manager but
24015
15:08:54,560 --> 15:08:55,560
let's say that you are in a
24016
15:08:57,116 --> 15:08:58,116
command line only interface
24017
15:08:59,116 --> 15:09:00,116
trying to troubleshoot something this is
24018
15:09:00,956 --> 15:09:01,956
how you're going to do it
24019
15:09:04,400 --> 15:09:05,400
task kill can be used in conjunction
24020
15:09:07,520 --> 15:09:08,520
with this task list okay it's similar to
24021
15:09:10,880 --> 15:09:11,880
the task manager and that allows you to
24022
15:09:12,320 --> 15:09:13,320
shut certain processes down
24023
15:09:14,320 --> 15:09:15,320
so you can use this if processes are
24024
15:09:16,480 --> 15:09:17,480
frozen or for instance if you can't even
24025
15:09:18,880 --> 15:09:19,880
open the task manager this is where you
24026
15:09:20,480 --> 15:09:21,480
want to go
24027
15:09:21,680 --> 15:09:22,680
use an association with the task list so
24028
15:09:24,160 --> 15:09:25,160
you determine the pid so here let's say
24029
15:09:27,200 --> 15:09:28,200
we wanted to
24030
15:09:30,000 --> 15:09:31,000
looking for a pid ah let's say i wanted
24031
15:09:31,840 --> 15:09:32,840
to shut down internet explorer alright
24032
15:09:34,480 --> 15:09:35,480
so here it is
24033
15:09:36,160 --> 15:09:37,160
here's the pid
24034
15:09:38,320 --> 15:09:39,320
here i go to task kill slash pid
24035
15:09:41,840 --> 15:09:42,840
1216
24036
15:09:43,200 --> 15:09:44,200
and then it shuts down
24037
15:09:45,200 --> 15:09:46,200
pid 1216 which was internet explorer so
24038
15:09:48,320 --> 15:09:49,320
you can see how that works in
24039
15:09:49,756 --> 15:09:50,756
conjunction
24040
15:09:52,956 --> 15:09:53,956
the shutdown command finally is used to
24041
15:09:55,276 --> 15:09:56,276
shut down restart sleep or even
24042
15:09:57,680 --> 15:09:58,680
hibernate the computer or it can log off
24043
15:10:00,160 --> 15:10:01,160
individuals the reason you're really
24044
15:10:01,756 --> 15:10:02,756
going to want to use this command is if
24045
15:10:02,880 --> 15:10:03,880
you're working on a network you might
24046
15:10:04,240 --> 15:10:05,240
want to remotely shut down a bunch of
24047
15:10:05,840 --> 15:10:06,840
computers before you upgrade them say
24048
15:10:08,400 --> 15:10:09,400
and this allows you to do that
24049
15:10:10,720 --> 15:10:11,720
the slash
24050
15:10:11,916 --> 15:10:12,916
s
24051
15:10:12,796 --> 15:10:13,796
slash s rather is will shut down after a
24052
15:10:15,840 --> 15:10:16,840
delay whereas switch p is an immediate
24053
15:10:18,400 --> 15:10:19,400
shutdown and those you can see
24054
15:10:19,680 --> 15:10:20,680
represented um
24055
15:10:23,756 --> 15:10:24,756
here
24056
15:10:24,640 --> 15:10:25,640
right there's the slash p turn off the
24057
15:10:26,000 --> 15:10:27,000
local computer with no time or warning
24058
15:10:29,596 --> 15:10:30,596
slash s
24059
15:10:30,880 --> 15:10:31,880
shut down the computer and that'll do it
24060
15:10:32,796 --> 15:10:33,796
after a slight delay
24061
15:10:34,560 --> 15:10:35,560
you can also for instance even add a
24062
15:10:36,160 --> 15:10:37,160
comment using slash c so if you want to
24063
15:10:38,400 --> 15:10:39,400
send a message i'm going to shut this
24064
15:10:39,916 --> 15:10:40,916
down in 10 minutes
24065
15:10:41,680 --> 15:10:42,680
for system maintenance that'll give
24066
15:10:43,276 --> 15:10:44,276
people time to save what they're doing
24067
15:10:44,560 --> 15:10:45,560
and shut down which is really when
24068
15:10:46,160 --> 15:10:47,160
you're going to be using this again in a
24069
15:10:47,520 --> 15:10:48,520
network setting the best thing is you
24070
15:10:49,200 --> 15:10:50,200
can shut down remote computers as i've
24071
15:10:52,080 --> 15:10:53,080
mentioned
24072
15:10:54,560 --> 15:10:55,560
all right so now we've looked at the
24073
15:10:55,840 --> 15:10:56,840
windows command prompt including check
24074
15:10:57,916 --> 15:10:58,916
disk the system file checker or sfc
24075
15:11:02,080 --> 15:11:03,080
the convert command
24076
15:11:03,756 --> 15:11:04,756
the format command the disk part or disk
24077
15:11:06,240 --> 15:11:07,240
partition command
24078
15:11:07,680 --> 15:11:08,680
the defrag utility
24079
15:11:10,560 --> 15:11:11,560
x copy which is a little better than the
24080
15:11:12,560 --> 15:11:13,560
regular copy robocopy which is the
24081
15:11:14,796 --> 15:11:15,796
robust file copy
24082
15:11:16,640 --> 15:11:17,640
the task list and task kill commands
24083
15:11:18,880 --> 15:11:19,880
both just like the task manager and then
24084
15:11:21,596 --> 15:11:22,596
the shutdown command so now let's look
24085
15:11:23,360 --> 15:11:24,360
at some of the
24086
15:11:24,796 --> 15:11:25,796
recovery command prompt uh
24087
15:11:28,240 --> 15:11:29,240
tools and utilities and commands
24088
15:11:31,200 --> 15:11:32,200
so the first is the edit command which i
24089
15:11:32,796 --> 15:11:33,796
can't show you because it's not in
24090
15:11:34,400 --> 15:11:35,400
windows 7.
24091
15:11:36,080 --> 15:11:37,080
it's not available in all versions of
24092
15:11:37,596 --> 15:11:38,596
windows but it is used to create and
24093
15:11:40,000 --> 15:11:41,000
modify text files in effect it is a
24094
15:11:44,560 --> 15:11:45,560
text editor
24095
15:11:46,160 --> 15:11:47,160
uh so you can see it file edit search
24096
15:11:48,956 --> 15:11:49,956
you know
24097
15:11:51,040 --> 15:11:52,040
this is the
24098
15:11:52,560 --> 15:11:53,560
old version of wordpad or textedit or
24099
15:11:55,680 --> 15:11:56,680
notepad this is the original text editor
24100
15:11:58,720 --> 15:11:59,720
and it's useful if you ever need to
24101
15:12:00,240 --> 15:12:01,240
create text files or you need to save
24102
15:12:02,160 --> 15:12:03,160
information or you want to create a
24103
15:12:03,756 --> 15:12:04,756
batch file or something and you are in
24104
15:12:06,240 --> 15:12:07,240
a command line this is how you do it so
24105
15:12:09,200 --> 15:12:10,200
remember the edit command again is the
24106
15:12:10,880 --> 15:12:11,880
text editor it's similar like i said to
24107
15:12:13,040 --> 15:12:14,040
a basic text editor allows you to save
24108
15:12:15,116 --> 15:12:16,116
text files i can't show you this in
24109
15:12:17,040 --> 15:12:18,040
windows 7 because it doesn't exist in
24110
15:12:19,436 --> 15:12:20,436
the when in the windows installation
24111
15:12:21,756 --> 15:12:22,756
it's probably only available if we go
24112
15:12:23,276 --> 15:12:24,276
into the windows recovery installation
24113
15:12:24,640 --> 15:12:25,640
in this version you can check on your
24114
15:12:26,400 --> 15:12:27,400
own computer to see if it works
24115
15:12:29,680 --> 15:12:30,680
the copy command that very simple tool
24116
15:12:32,480 --> 15:12:33,480
not x copy not robocopy we've looked at
24117
15:12:35,360 --> 15:12:36,360
it before it allows you to copy files
24118
15:12:37,116 --> 15:12:38,116
from one location to another and for
24119
15:12:39,200 --> 15:12:40,200
instance the reason i'm mentioning it in
24120
15:12:41,040 --> 15:12:42,040
this is you might want to use it to copy
24121
15:12:43,360 --> 15:12:44,360
the nt loader file from the cd to the
24122
15:12:45,520 --> 15:12:46,520
hard drive remember if something goes
24123
15:12:47,436 --> 15:12:48,436
wrong with that nt loader file you're
24124
15:12:49,360 --> 15:12:50,360
going to want to copy the old file to
24125
15:12:50,880 --> 15:12:51,880
the new
24126
15:12:51,756 --> 15:12:52,756
disk or sorry the new file to the old
24127
15:12:54,640 --> 15:12:55,640
disk because the old one's probably
24128
15:12:56,240 --> 15:12:57,240
corrupted and in that case you're
24129
15:12:57,596 --> 15:12:58,596
probably going to want to use the copy
24130
15:12:58,796 --> 15:12:59,796
command
24131
15:12:59,916 --> 15:13:00,916
it's also available in most windows
24132
15:13:01,680 --> 15:13:02,680
editions but it's not usually necessary
24133
15:13:04,080 --> 15:13:05,080
because you're generally going to do
24134
15:13:05,680 --> 15:13:06,680
that through the gui interface or if
24135
15:13:07,360 --> 15:13:08,360
you're really copying over a lot of
24136
15:13:08,720 --> 15:13:09,720
stuff
24137
15:13:10,000 --> 15:13:11,000
you're going to use x copy or robocopy
24138
15:13:12,640 --> 15:13:13,640
instead
24139
15:13:14,956 --> 15:13:15,956
expand is like an unzipper if you have a
24140
15:13:16,796 --> 15:13:17,796
zip file that will decompress the file
24141
15:13:20,160 --> 15:13:21,160
so like that we have
24142
15:13:22,640 --> 15:13:23,640
cab cab files and exe files cab stands
24143
15:13:26,160 --> 15:13:27,160
for cabinet and these files are how for
24144
15:13:28,796 --> 15:13:29,796
instance windows xp stores all the files
24145
15:13:31,200 --> 15:13:32,200
before installation so if i needed to
24146
15:13:33,276 --> 15:13:34,276
get the nt loader file i would need to
24147
15:13:35,680 --> 15:13:36,680
actually open up or decompress or expand
24148
15:13:39,116 --> 15:13:40,116
one of the cabinet files in which it was
24149
15:13:40,956 --> 15:13:41,956
stored
24150
15:13:42,160 --> 15:13:43,160
so what this does is this command
24151
15:13:45,276 --> 15:13:46,276
places a copy of the decompressed
24152
15:13:47,116 --> 15:13:48,116
version on the hard drive once you've
24153
15:13:49,276 --> 15:13:50,276
done that you can then copy the file
24154
15:13:51,276 --> 15:13:52,276
using the copy command so i have a cab
24155
15:13:53,436 --> 15:13:54,436
file let's say it's like cab you know
24156
15:13:55,200 --> 15:13:56,200
it's
24157
15:13:56,240 --> 15:13:57,240
cab 01 you know it's 01632.cab
24158
15:14:00,640 --> 15:14:01,640
i'll write that out let's say i have so
24159
15:14:02,160 --> 15:14:03,160
i would put expand
24160
15:14:05,436 --> 15:14:06,436
01632.cab
24161
15:14:08,880 --> 15:14:09,880
and then that would
24162
15:14:11,200 --> 15:14:12,200
unzip or decompress a whole lot of files
24163
15:14:14,480 --> 15:14:15,480
out of this cabinet
24164
15:14:16,560 --> 15:14:17,560
and then i could copy
24165
15:14:18,480 --> 15:14:19,480
say the nt loader file from one location
24166
15:14:21,520 --> 15:14:22,520
to another
24167
15:14:24,880 --> 15:14:25,880
now we've looked at the boot rec or boot
24168
15:14:27,680 --> 15:14:28,680
recovery command but i want to go over
24169
15:14:29,436 --> 15:14:30,436
some of the switches that might come up
24170
15:14:30,720 --> 15:14:31,720
on the test some we've seen before the
24171
15:14:32,560 --> 15:14:33,560
first is bootrec fix boot this replaces
24172
15:14:36,000 --> 15:14:37,000
the boot manager file
24173
15:14:38,480 --> 15:14:39,480
it'll write a new windows 7 or vista
24174
15:14:41,116 --> 15:14:42,116
compatible boot sector to the system
24175
15:14:43,116 --> 15:14:44,116
partition all of these by the way are
24176
15:14:44,956 --> 15:14:45,956
only in windows vista and 7.
24177
15:14:47,040 --> 15:14:48,040
so if you have a problem with the boot
24178
15:14:48,400 --> 15:14:49,400
manager file again you're going to use
24179
15:14:50,720 --> 15:14:51,720
the fix boot command
24180
15:14:53,436 --> 15:14:54,436
now if you're having a problem with the
24181
15:14:54,796 --> 15:14:55,796
bc uh bcd file that's different we'll
24182
15:14:57,276 --> 15:14:58,276
look at that in a second
24183
15:14:58,880 --> 15:14:59,880
now the mbr is the master boot record
24184
15:15:01,436 --> 15:15:02,436
it's where the computer looks
24185
15:15:03,436 --> 15:15:04,436
uh in order to start booting up the the
24186
15:15:06,560 --> 15:15:07,560
computer
24187
15:15:07,596 --> 15:15:08,596
and what this does was if you're having
24188
15:15:09,116 --> 15:15:10,116
a trouble booting into the booting up
24189
15:15:11,436 --> 15:15:12,436
into the system you might have and
24190
15:15:13,360 --> 15:15:14,360
sometimes it'll tell you you have a
24191
15:15:14,560 --> 15:15:15,560
faulty mbr master boot record this
24192
15:15:17,116 --> 15:15:18,116
bootrec fix mbr rewrites the windows 7
24193
15:15:20,000 --> 15:15:21,000
or vista compatible master boot record
24194
15:15:22,240 --> 15:15:23,240
to the system partition which would fix
24195
15:15:24,480 --> 15:15:25,480
hopefully a lot of boot errors that
24196
15:15:26,080 --> 15:15:27,080
you're having
24197
15:15:27,276 --> 15:15:28,276
it can also repair boot sector blocks
24198
15:15:29,520 --> 15:15:30,520
after a virus has been removed so
24199
15:15:31,360 --> 15:15:32,360
sometimes you have a virus on your
24200
15:15:32,640 --> 15:15:33,640
system it deletes certain files in the
24201
15:15:34,640 --> 15:15:35,640
boot sector this can help to fix that
24202
15:15:38,956 --> 15:15:39,956
bootrec
24203
15:15:40,160 --> 15:15:41,160
rebuild bcd does just what you think it
24204
15:15:42,480 --> 15:15:43,480
does it repairs the bcd store which
24205
15:15:44,796 --> 15:15:45,796
again is necessary for booting into
24206
15:15:46,400 --> 15:15:47,400
windows
24207
15:15:47,436 --> 15:15:48,436
and bootrec
24208
15:15:48,956 --> 15:15:49,956
scan os or switch scan os will scan all
24209
15:15:52,480 --> 15:15:53,480
your disks for installations compatible
24210
15:15:54,640 --> 15:15:55,640
with windows 7 vista so that way if
24211
15:15:57,040 --> 15:15:58,040
let's say that you had a problem with
24212
15:15:58,640 --> 15:15:59,640
the mbr you need to rebuild it now it
24213
15:16:01,360 --> 15:16:02,360
doesn't know where the operating systems
24214
15:16:03,276 --> 15:16:04,276
are you would use this it would scan the
24215
15:16:05,276 --> 15:16:06,276
operating system find the installations
24216
15:16:07,916 --> 15:16:08,916
and then you can use those installations
24217
15:16:10,240 --> 15:16:11,240
to boot into windows
24218
15:16:13,596 --> 15:16:14,596
it also displays the entries that are
24219
15:16:15,360 --> 15:16:16,360
not currently included in the bcd store
24220
15:16:17,840 --> 15:16:18,840
so if i had a bcd store problem and oh
24221
15:16:20,480 --> 15:16:21,480
for some reason only one of my
24222
15:16:22,640 --> 15:16:23,640
operating systems was popping up let's
24223
15:16:24,480 --> 15:16:25,480
say i have windows 7 and windows 8 and
24224
15:16:26,320 --> 15:16:27,320
windows vista and in my bcd store it
24225
15:16:28,320 --> 15:16:29,320
only shows windows 7. there's no way i
24226
15:16:29,916 --> 15:16:30,916
can boot into my other ones this is
24227
15:16:31,360 --> 15:16:32,360
what's going to help you with that
24228
15:16:35,200 --> 15:16:36,200
now with windows xp we have these two
24229
15:16:37,276 --> 15:16:38,276
commands fix mbr and fix boot
24230
15:16:40,720 --> 15:16:41,720
fix mbr does exactly what you think it
24231
15:16:42,796 --> 15:16:43,796
does based on what we saw in windows 7
24232
15:16:44,560 --> 15:16:45,560
and vista this is used to repair the mbr
24233
15:16:47,116 --> 15:16:48,116
or the master boot record of the system
24234
15:16:49,276 --> 15:16:50,276
partition for windows xp
24235
15:16:51,360 --> 15:16:52,360
if you have a virus that's damaged the
24236
15:16:53,276 --> 15:16:54,276
mbr and windows can't start this is
24237
15:16:54,880 --> 15:16:55,880
probably what you're going to want to
24238
15:16:55,840 --> 15:16:56,840
use
24239
15:16:57,200 --> 15:16:58,200
fix boot
24240
15:16:58,640 --> 15:16:59,640
use is used to write new windows boot
24241
15:17:01,116 --> 15:17:02,116
sector codes to the system partition so
24242
15:17:03,360 --> 15:17:04,360
the mbr might be intact but the boot
24243
15:17:05,520 --> 15:17:06,520
sector is faulty and in this case you're
24244
15:17:07,520 --> 15:17:08,520
going to want to use fix boot you could
24245
15:17:08,956 --> 15:17:09,956
also use that with say the boot ini if
24246
15:17:11,436 --> 15:17:12,436
the boot ini file got damaged
24247
15:17:15,116 --> 15:17:16,116
all right so now we've looked at the
24248
15:17:16,480 --> 15:17:17,480
recovery command prompt uh commands
24249
15:17:18,796 --> 15:17:19,796
including edit command
24250
15:17:20,956 --> 15:17:21,956
which is like a text editor the copy
24251
15:17:23,040 --> 15:17:24,040
command
24252
15:17:24,080 --> 15:17:25,080
the expand command which is going to be
24253
15:17:25,916 --> 15:17:26,916
used
24254
15:17:27,276 --> 15:17:28,276
for decompressing files such as the
24255
15:17:28,880 --> 15:17:29,880
cabinet files
24256
15:17:30,400 --> 15:17:31,400
bootrec fix boot
24257
15:17:32,240 --> 15:17:33,240
fix mbr
24258
15:17:33,680 --> 15:17:34,680
rebuild bcd and scan os
24259
15:17:36,160 --> 15:17:37,160
and then the fix mbr and fix boot
24260
15:17:38,640 --> 15:17:39,640
commands in windows xp
24261
15:17:40,400 --> 15:17:41,400
so let's just go over all these one more
24262
15:17:42,000 --> 15:17:43,000
time
24263
15:17:42,956 --> 15:17:43,956
the check disk command
24264
15:17:44,880 --> 15:17:45,880
which we saw just like the gui utility
24265
15:17:47,276 --> 15:17:48,276
right is for checking bad sectors on the
24266
15:17:50,240 --> 15:17:51,240
hard drive
24267
15:17:51,840 --> 15:17:52,840
the system file checker is specifically
24268
15:17:54,880 --> 15:17:55,880
to fix system files so if you're having
24269
15:17:56,880 --> 15:17:57,880
errors specifically with system files
24270
15:17:58,480 --> 15:17:59,480
this is what you're going to want to run
24271
15:17:59,916 --> 15:18:00,916
convert
24272
15:18:02,240 --> 15:18:03,240
allows you to move from say a fat32
24273
15:18:07,116 --> 15:18:08,116
to ntfs
24274
15:18:08,720 --> 15:18:09,720
and again we always want to be in ntfs
24275
15:18:10,640 --> 15:18:11,640
if we can
24276
15:18:12,480 --> 15:18:13,480
the format command
24277
15:18:15,116 --> 15:18:16,116
which allows you to format just like the
24278
15:18:17,276 --> 15:18:18,276
disk management utility you can format
24279
15:18:20,240 --> 15:18:21,240
a
24280
15:18:21,116 --> 15:18:22,116
drive into fat fat32
24281
15:18:23,520 --> 15:18:24,520
or
24282
15:18:24,840 --> 15:18:25,840
ntfs
24283
15:18:26,400 --> 15:18:27,400
the disk part command or disk partition
24284
15:18:28,240 --> 15:18:29,240
command which is the command line
24285
15:18:30,956 --> 15:18:31,956
version
24286
15:18:33,520 --> 15:18:34,520
of the disk management utility which we
24287
15:18:35,680 --> 15:18:36,680
saw in windows
24288
15:18:40,080 --> 15:18:41,080
okay the defrag command
24289
15:18:43,200 --> 15:18:44,200
which is for defragmenting the system
24290
15:18:48,560 --> 15:18:49,560
especially if you have less than 15
24291
15:18:50,720 --> 15:18:51,720
percent free space
24292
15:18:53,276 --> 15:18:54,276
the x copy and robocopy commands
24293
15:18:56,400 --> 15:18:57,400
both of which are better at copying
24294
15:18:58,080 --> 15:18:59,080
directory structures
24295
15:19:05,116 --> 15:19:06,116
the task list and task kill command
24296
15:19:07,840 --> 15:19:08,840
which are sort of our command line
24297
15:19:09,596 --> 15:19:10,596
replacement for the task manager
24298
15:19:14,720 --> 15:19:15,720
and the shutdown command which
24299
15:19:16,320 --> 15:19:17,320
specifically lets you
24300
15:19:19,200 --> 15:19:20,200
shut down remotely
24301
15:19:22,720 --> 15:19:23,720
while i'm thinking about it don't forget
24302
15:19:24,240 --> 15:19:25,240
with the chat check disc command we want
24303
15:19:26,000 --> 15:19:27,000
to run with either the f slash f or the
24304
15:19:28,400 --> 15:19:29,400
slash r switches and with the system
24305
15:19:30,956 --> 15:19:31,956
file checker we generally are going to
24306
15:19:32,560 --> 15:19:33,560
want to use the scan now switch
24307
15:19:38,480 --> 15:19:39,480
recovery command prompt the edit command
24308
15:19:40,796 --> 15:19:41,796
that's like our text editor
24309
15:19:46,160 --> 15:19:47,160
the copy command which can be used say
24310
15:19:48,480 --> 15:19:49,480
to copy the nt loader file from a cd to
24311
15:19:51,520 --> 15:19:52,520
the dvd uh to your hard drive
24312
15:19:53,916 --> 15:19:54,916
the expand command which decompresses
24313
15:19:56,240 --> 15:19:57,240
files
24314
15:19:57,756 --> 15:19:58,756
specifically we're probably going to use
24315
15:19:59,276 --> 15:20:00,276
that with cab files or cabinet files
24316
15:20:01,520 --> 15:20:02,520
which are the files used to install
24317
15:20:03,116 --> 15:20:04,116
windows
24318
15:20:06,160 --> 15:20:07,160
the bootrec
24319
15:20:07,680 --> 15:20:08,680
fix boot for fixing the
24320
15:20:10,080 --> 15:20:11,080
um
24321
15:20:12,000 --> 15:20:13,000
our boot files
24322
15:20:14,400 --> 15:20:15,400
the fix mbr for fixing the master boot
24323
15:20:16,640 --> 15:20:17,640
record
24324
15:20:18,560 --> 15:20:19,560
the rebuild bcd to fix that bcd file
24325
15:20:22,320 --> 15:20:23,320
and scan os which is specifically for
24326
15:20:25,116 --> 15:20:26,116
scanning for other operating systems
24327
15:20:28,160 --> 15:20:29,160
that aren't in the bcd
24328
15:20:31,596 --> 15:20:32,596
these are all by the way
24329
15:20:37,116 --> 15:20:38,116
windows 7 and vista
24330
15:20:40,640 --> 15:20:41,640
whereas fix mbr and fix boot do the same
24331
15:20:43,520 --> 15:20:44,520
things as the ones above
24332
15:20:47,360 --> 15:20:48,360
but are specifically for xp
24333
15:20:51,916 --> 15:20:52,916
all right so we've talked now about all
24334
15:20:54,480 --> 15:20:55,480
the things we need to know really for
24335
15:20:55,840 --> 15:20:56,840
windows and this concludes the
24336
15:20:57,360 --> 15:20:58,360
troubleshooting section of windows so
24337
15:20:59,436 --> 15:21:00,436
now let's take a step back into into the
24338
15:21:01,520 --> 15:21:02,520
computers uh out of the operating system
24339
15:21:04,400 --> 15:21:05,400
and look at uh video
24340
15:21:06,720 --> 15:21:07,720
multimedia and then we'll talk about um
24341
15:21:09,360 --> 15:21:10,360
you know networking and all the other
24342
15:21:11,116 --> 15:21:12,116
parts of the a plus exam
24343
15:21:16,590 --> 15:21:17,590
[Music]
24344
15:21:36,956 --> 15:21:37,956
video
24345
15:21:38,000 --> 15:21:39,000
video subsystem
24346
15:21:40,400 --> 15:21:41,400
as computers have grown more advanced so
24347
15:21:43,040 --> 15:21:44,040
is video in fact a lot of video cards
24348
15:21:46,480 --> 15:21:47,480
are basically their own
24349
15:21:48,720 --> 15:21:49,720
mini computers which is why we call it a
24350
15:21:51,596 --> 15:21:52,596
video subsystem it's an underlying
24351
15:21:54,160 --> 15:21:55,160
system in the grander system of the
24352
15:21:55,756 --> 15:21:56,756
computer and i want to speak about this
24353
15:21:58,160 --> 15:21:59,160
a little more in depth because on the a
24354
15:22:00,400 --> 15:22:01,400
plus exam you may see specific questions
24355
15:22:02,880 --> 15:22:03,880
related to video and i don't want them
24356
15:22:04,480 --> 15:22:05,480
to catch you off guard
24357
15:22:06,160 --> 15:22:07,160
so first we're going to go over the
24358
15:22:08,640 --> 15:22:09,640
video card and the video sub system
24359
15:22:10,880 --> 15:22:11,880
again now the video subsystem has many
24360
15:22:13,276 --> 15:22:14,276
parts in it and we'll talk about that in
24361
15:22:14,956 --> 15:22:15,956
just a second but we're going to talk
24362
15:22:16,480 --> 15:22:17,480
about the video subsystem more like an
24363
15:22:18,240 --> 15:22:19,240
overview we're going to then discuss
24364
15:22:20,160 --> 15:22:21,160
video cards a little bit more
24365
15:22:22,560 --> 15:22:23,560
take a look back at the expansion buses
24366
15:22:24,956 --> 15:22:25,956
specifically for video cards that's pci
24367
15:22:28,080 --> 15:22:29,080
pcie or otherwise known as pci express
24368
15:22:32,160 --> 15:22:33,160
and agp
24369
15:22:34,160 --> 15:22:35,160
for a bus format created specifically
24370
15:22:36,640 --> 15:22:37,640
for graphics we're then going to look at
24371
15:22:39,116 --> 15:22:40,116
certain connector types how would we
24372
15:22:40,880 --> 15:22:41,880
connect
24373
15:22:42,400 --> 15:22:43,400
the monitor for instance to the video
24374
15:22:44,880 --> 15:22:45,880
card
24375
15:22:46,000 --> 15:22:47,000
we'll look at the video card chip set in
24376
15:22:47,680 --> 15:22:48,680
general which is just like a motherboard
24377
15:22:49,916 --> 15:22:50,916
chipset as i said video cards nowadays
24378
15:22:52,480 --> 15:22:53,480
are basically their own mini computers
24379
15:22:54,880 --> 15:22:55,880
we're going to look at the gpu the
24380
15:22:56,720 --> 15:22:57,720
graphics processing unit a word we've
24381
15:22:58,640 --> 15:22:59,640
seen pop up over and over throughout
24382
15:23:00,640 --> 15:23:01,640
this course
24383
15:23:01,916 --> 15:23:02,916
and then we're going to talk about
24384
15:23:03,040 --> 15:23:04,040
memory which in effect is ram for the
24385
15:23:06,880 --> 15:23:07,880
video card
24386
15:23:08,480 --> 15:23:09,480
so first let's go over the video
24387
15:23:10,080 --> 15:23:11,080
subsystem
24388
15:23:11,436 --> 15:23:12,436
as we just talked about there are many
24389
15:23:13,756 --> 15:23:14,756
parts in the video in the video
24390
15:23:15,840 --> 15:23:16,840
subsystem that make up the whole
24391
15:23:18,160 --> 15:23:19,160
for instance the video card in some
24392
15:23:20,240 --> 15:23:21,240
cases an integrated video card meaning
24393
15:23:22,880 --> 15:23:23,880
that it's built onto the motherboard
24394
15:23:25,520 --> 15:23:26,520
this has become more and more
24395
15:23:28,160 --> 15:23:29,160
common because basically you need a
24396
15:23:31,276 --> 15:23:32,276
computer nowadays with a video card and
24397
15:23:34,320 --> 15:23:35,320
so instead of adding one they've simply
24398
15:23:35,840 --> 15:23:36,840
built them onto motherboards of course
24399
15:23:37,680 --> 15:23:38,680
the issue with this is that they're not
24400
15:23:39,436 --> 15:23:40,436
as advanced as video cards you can
24401
15:23:41,116 --> 15:23:42,116
sometimes add yourself although that is
24402
15:23:43,040 --> 15:23:44,040
changing
24403
15:23:44,720 --> 15:23:45,720
then there are the cards expansion buses
24404
15:23:46,880 --> 15:23:47,880
now we'll talk about these different
24405
15:23:48,880 --> 15:23:49,880
ones again but it started with pci
24406
15:23:53,276 --> 15:23:54,276
pci moved over to pci express but in the
24407
15:23:56,080 --> 15:23:57,080
middle
24408
15:23:57,040 --> 15:23:58,040
we had agp or the advanced graphics
24409
15:24:01,276 --> 15:24:02,276
specifically for these cards because
24410
15:24:03,596 --> 15:24:04,596
they required a faster speed and a
24411
15:24:05,436 --> 15:24:06,436
faster connection directly with the cpu
24412
15:24:09,360 --> 15:24:10,360
now there are also two different types
24413
15:24:10,956 --> 15:24:11,956
of connections internal and external
24414
15:24:12,956 --> 15:24:13,956
connections so we're going to look at
24415
15:24:15,596 --> 15:24:16,596
those different types of connections not
24416
15:24:17,520 --> 15:24:18,520
only the internal connections between
24417
15:24:19,520 --> 15:24:20,520
the card and say the rest of the machine
24418
15:24:22,160 --> 15:24:23,160
but also the external connections
24419
15:24:23,680 --> 15:24:24,680
between the video card and the display
24420
15:24:26,560 --> 15:24:27,560
and then of course the display itself
24421
15:24:28,796 --> 15:24:29,796
we're going to talk about some of these
24422
15:24:30,240 --> 15:24:31,240
in depth in in this uh brief video and
24423
15:24:33,040 --> 15:24:34,040
in others we'll talk about them later on
24424
15:24:34,956 --> 15:24:35,956
in other videos
24425
15:24:37,520 --> 15:24:38,520
also the video drivers uh the software
24426
15:24:40,560 --> 15:24:41,560
component how the software and the
24427
15:24:42,160 --> 15:24:43,160
operating system interfaces with the
24428
15:24:43,916 --> 15:24:44,916
video card
24429
15:24:45,756 --> 15:24:46,756
so first let's talk about video cards
24430
15:24:47,680 --> 15:24:48,680
this is an example of a video card right
24431
15:24:49,360 --> 15:24:50,360
here a little bit of an older video card
24432
15:24:51,916 --> 15:24:52,916
and at this point as i've mentioned they
24433
15:24:53,840 --> 15:24:54,840
are self-contained computers
24434
15:24:56,080 --> 15:24:57,080
that's because they can contain a
24435
15:24:58,320 --> 15:24:59,320
processor the graphics processing unit
24436
15:25:00,480 --> 15:25:01,480
which we'll talk about a little bit more
24437
15:25:02,240 --> 15:25:03,240
they even contain their own ram or
24438
15:25:04,000 --> 15:25:05,000
memory so that way when the graphics
24439
15:25:06,240 --> 15:25:07,240
processing unit has gone through and
24440
15:25:08,160 --> 15:25:09,160
processed some of the visuals it has a
24441
15:25:10,240 --> 15:25:11,240
place to store it temporarily before
24442
15:25:12,000 --> 15:25:13,000
sending it up to the user
24443
15:25:14,000 --> 15:25:15,000
now we have to take into account the
24444
15:25:16,320 --> 15:25:17,320
following things when we're buying or
24445
15:25:18,640 --> 15:25:19,640
installing a video cards first of all
24446
15:25:21,436 --> 15:25:22,436
do we have the right expansion buses or
24447
15:25:23,360 --> 15:25:24,360
slots that go along with the video card
24448
15:25:26,000 --> 15:25:27,000
this is actually a really old video card
24449
15:25:27,756 --> 15:25:28,756
this looks like an old iso perhaps a
24450
15:25:30,796 --> 15:25:31,796
pci although it looks more like an iso
24451
15:25:32,720 --> 15:25:33,720
to me
24452
15:25:34,080 --> 15:25:35,080
but
24453
15:25:34,880 --> 15:25:35,880
we need to make sure that if we have an
24454
15:25:36,240 --> 15:25:37,240
agp for instance video card that we have
24455
15:25:38,880 --> 15:25:39,880
an agp slot on the computer
24456
15:25:41,596 --> 15:25:42,596
we also want to take into account the
24457
15:25:43,116 --> 15:25:44,116
gpu speed if you're someone who does a
24458
15:25:45,200 --> 15:25:46,200
lot of gaming and we'll see this later
24459
15:25:46,956 --> 15:25:47,956
you're going to want more right because
24460
15:25:49,276 --> 15:25:50,276
more gpu
24461
15:25:50,880 --> 15:25:51,880
equals better graphics just like
24462
15:25:54,880 --> 15:25:55,880
more ram is going to also equal better
24463
15:25:57,276 --> 15:25:58,276
graphics just like on your regular
24464
15:25:58,956 --> 15:25:59,956
computer right if you have a larger cpu
24465
15:26:01,436 --> 15:26:02,436
then you're going to have a faster
24466
15:26:03,360 --> 15:26:04,360
running computer
24467
15:26:04,640 --> 15:26:05,640
so like i just said memory is going to
24468
15:26:06,240 --> 15:26:07,240
be something we want to take into
24469
15:26:07,360 --> 15:26:08,360
account and then of course the
24470
15:26:08,956 --> 15:26:09,956
connectors these are important because
24471
15:26:11,436 --> 15:26:12,436
if you have a monitor that does not have
24472
15:26:13,756 --> 15:26:14,756
an hdmi connection and your video card
24473
15:26:16,320 --> 15:26:17,320
only has an hdmi connection which would
24474
15:26:18,000 --> 15:26:19,000
be rare then you're going to be in
24475
15:26:19,756 --> 15:26:20,756
trouble
24476
15:26:20,796 --> 15:26:21,796
on the other hand if you have a monitor
24477
15:26:23,116 --> 15:26:24,116
or you want to use your tv to connect
24478
15:26:24,956 --> 15:26:25,956
your computer to but your computer only
24479
15:26:26,880 --> 15:26:27,880
has a vga connection that's going to
24480
15:26:28,400 --> 15:26:29,400
cause you a little bit more grief you
24481
15:26:30,560 --> 15:26:31,560
can still do it via all sorts of
24482
15:26:33,520 --> 15:26:34,520
intermediary connectors you could buy it
24483
15:26:35,436 --> 15:26:36,436
say electronics store but still it's
24484
15:26:37,596 --> 15:26:38,596
going to cause you some problems
24485
15:26:40,400 --> 15:26:41,400
finally power and cooling don't forget
24486
15:26:43,276 --> 15:26:44,276
if this is its own computer nowadays
24487
15:26:45,756 --> 15:26:46,756
you're going to need to power it
24488
15:26:48,480 --> 15:26:49,480
with extra power and it's going to have
24489
15:26:51,436 --> 15:26:52,436
to be cooled because it's giving off
24490
15:26:52,796 --> 15:26:53,796
more power that's why a lot of these
24491
15:26:54,560 --> 15:26:55,560
will see this now because we have a
24492
15:26:56,320 --> 15:26:57,320
graphics processing unit will have a
24493
15:26:58,956 --> 15:26:59,956
heat sink on
24494
15:27:02,080 --> 15:27:03,080
the
24495
15:27:02,880 --> 15:27:03,880
video card and if you see a card in the
24496
15:27:05,360 --> 15:27:06,360
computer that has a heatsink and has a
24497
15:27:07,756 --> 15:27:08,756
fan you can be pretty sure that's the
24498
15:27:10,000 --> 15:27:11,000
video card
24499
15:27:13,116 --> 15:27:14,116
so let's look at the expansion buses
24500
15:27:14,720 --> 15:27:15,720
again we've talked about these in depth
24501
15:27:16,560 --> 15:27:17,560
already but i want to review them
24502
15:27:18,160 --> 15:27:19,160
because they are important
24503
15:27:20,240 --> 15:27:21,240
the majority of video card buses uh are
24504
15:27:24,240 --> 15:27:25,240
pci or peripheral component interconnect
24505
15:27:27,520 --> 15:27:28,520
x's nowadays all right this was the
24506
15:27:30,160 --> 15:27:31,160
original sort of format that people used
24507
15:27:32,320 --> 15:27:33,320
to connect their video cards to of
24508
15:27:34,160 --> 15:27:35,160
course it wasn't fast enough and so what
24509
15:27:36,880 --> 15:27:37,880
happened was they created this
24510
15:27:38,080 --> 15:27:39,080
accelerated graphics port which was
24511
15:27:40,796 --> 15:27:41,796
specifically for the graphics card
24512
15:27:44,000 --> 15:27:45,000
now of course what happened is we were
24513
15:27:46,240 --> 15:27:47,240
able to
24514
15:27:47,596 --> 15:27:48,596
rev this one up a bit
24515
15:27:49,840 --> 15:27:50,840
and create a pci express generally also
24516
15:27:53,116 --> 15:27:54,116
called uh with an x16 meaning it's using
24517
15:27:55,916 --> 15:27:56,916
16
24518
15:27:57,520 --> 15:27:58,520
lanes there
24519
15:27:59,756 --> 15:28:00,756
so this allows for a high data transfer
24520
15:28:02,880 --> 15:28:03,880
rate meaning that as soon as my graphics
24521
15:28:05,436 --> 15:28:06,436
card basically what was happening is if
24522
15:28:06,956 --> 15:28:07,956
we were using this old pci right here
24523
15:28:09,840 --> 15:28:10,840
the
24524
15:28:11,040 --> 15:28:12,040
video card was working faster than the
24525
15:28:13,520 --> 15:28:14,520
motherboard could keep up and so they
24526
15:28:15,916 --> 15:28:16,916
created a bus that was specifically
24527
15:28:18,796 --> 15:28:19,796
for graphics cards that could take the
24528
15:28:20,956 --> 15:28:21,956
information the graphics card was
24529
15:28:22,720 --> 15:28:23,720
outputting and feed it into the computer
24530
15:28:24,720 --> 15:28:25,720
as fast as it could
24531
15:28:26,480 --> 15:28:27,480
it also directs cook directly to the uh
24532
15:28:29,276 --> 15:28:30,276
sorry connects directly to the north
24533
15:28:31,200 --> 15:28:32,200
bridge of the motherboard's chipset
24534
15:28:33,360 --> 15:28:34,360
remember we had a north bridge in the
24535
15:28:34,956 --> 15:28:35,956
south bridge the north bridge connected
24536
15:28:37,436 --> 15:28:38,436
directly to the ram and the cpu it
24537
15:28:39,680 --> 15:28:40,680
connected the cpu directly to the ram
24538
15:28:42,080 --> 15:28:43,080
the south bridge connecting all those
24539
15:28:43,360 --> 15:28:44,360
other devices storage for instance and
24540
15:28:45,680 --> 15:28:46,680
so what the pci express did was it
24541
15:28:47,756 --> 15:28:48,756
rerouted itself so that it connected
24542
15:28:50,320 --> 15:28:51,320
directly to the cpu as well this is
24543
15:28:52,880 --> 15:28:53,880
because again graphics have become so
24544
15:28:55,520 --> 15:28:56,520
important that now we need to have these
24545
15:28:58,400 --> 15:28:59,400
high transfer rates that can connect
24546
15:29:00,240 --> 15:29:01,240
directly to the cpu now i know you're
24547
15:29:02,240 --> 15:29:03,240
thinking uh didn't you just say that a
24548
15:29:04,320 --> 15:29:05,320
video card has its own gpu yeah it does
24549
15:29:07,200 --> 15:29:08,200
but that's the process within the video
24550
15:29:10,000 --> 15:29:11,000
card that's the process all the weird
24551
15:29:11,916 --> 15:29:12,916
intricacies within uh video sort of
24552
15:29:15,116 --> 15:29:16,116
rendering when we come back it still
24553
15:29:17,276 --> 15:29:18,276
needs to go through a central processing
24554
15:29:19,276 --> 15:29:20,276
unit that's why it's called the central
24555
15:29:21,116 --> 15:29:22,116
processing unit okay so this gave it a
24556
15:29:23,596 --> 15:29:24,596
direct line of connection
24557
15:29:25,596 --> 15:29:26,596
to the cpu
24558
15:29:29,040 --> 15:29:30,040
additionally generally speaking like i
24559
15:29:31,680 --> 15:29:32,680
just mentioned the pci express x16 which
24560
15:29:34,320 --> 15:29:35,320
is the one you're going to see on the
24561
15:29:35,200 --> 15:29:36,200
market a lot now uses 16 lanes to
24562
15:29:39,276 --> 15:29:40,276
transfer data back and forth not
24563
15:29:41,200 --> 15:29:42,200
something you need to know for the exam
24564
15:29:42,720 --> 15:29:43,720
but good to recognize that anyway one
24565
15:29:44,956 --> 15:29:45,956
thing you're definitely going to see on
24566
15:29:46,240 --> 15:29:47,240
the exam is this come up this question
24567
15:29:48,400 --> 15:29:49,400
and i want you to remember if you see
24568
15:29:50,240 --> 15:29:51,240
pci agp pcie
24569
15:29:53,276 --> 15:29:54,276
and it asks you which one of these is
24570
15:29:54,880 --> 15:29:55,880
most likely commonly used today in a
24571
15:29:57,276 --> 15:29:58,276
graphics card you're going to look at
24572
15:29:59,276 --> 15:30:00,276
this one the pcie and if it has that x16
24573
15:30:02,320 --> 15:30:03,320
at the end that makes it all the more
24574
15:30:03,756 --> 15:30:04,756
better because that's telling you it's
24575
15:30:05,200 --> 15:30:06,200
using not just 8 not just whatever it's
24576
15:30:08,000 --> 15:30:09,000
using 16 lanes which is currently the
24577
15:30:09,840 --> 15:30:10,840
maximum we might start seeing 32 i don't
24578
15:30:12,956 --> 15:30:13,956
think our graphics cards are quite at
24579
15:30:14,400 --> 15:30:15,400
that point just yet
24580
15:30:17,680 --> 15:30:18,680
all right let's review the connector
24581
15:30:19,200 --> 15:30:20,200
types one more time
24582
15:30:21,916 --> 15:30:22,916
the video card is probably going to
24583
15:30:23,360 --> 15:30:24,360
dictate the kind of connector used
24584
15:30:25,116 --> 15:30:26,116
meaning you're going to have a video
24585
15:30:26,560 --> 15:30:27,560
card and that's going to dictate what
24586
15:30:28,160 --> 15:30:29,160
kind of monitor
24587
15:30:29,756 --> 15:30:30,756
you're going to buy to connect to it
24588
15:30:32,240 --> 15:30:33,240
so these are the three major ones svga
24589
15:30:36,160 --> 15:30:37,160
which is super vga sort of supplanted
24590
15:30:38,320 --> 15:30:39,320
the regular old vga and again the way we
24591
15:30:40,480 --> 15:30:41,480
know this is there's three rows
24592
15:30:42,640 --> 15:30:43,640
15 pins and generally speaking it is
24593
15:30:45,756 --> 15:30:46,756
colored blue
24594
15:30:47,680 --> 15:30:48,680
this is in contrast to dvi which is a
24595
15:30:50,880 --> 15:30:51,880
digital signal okay that's that d
24596
15:30:54,160 --> 15:30:55,160
digital video interface
24597
15:30:56,160 --> 15:30:57,160
and that's generally going to be white
24598
15:30:58,720 --> 15:30:59,720
as opposed to blue just something to
24599
15:31:00,880 --> 15:31:01,880
know
24600
15:31:01,756 --> 15:31:02,756
finally we have hdmi now the difference
24601
15:31:04,160 --> 15:31:05,160
between hdmi and these other ones
24602
15:31:07,596 --> 15:31:08,596
is hdmi can carry audio
24603
15:31:11,840 --> 15:31:12,840
and sound
24604
15:31:13,756 --> 15:31:14,756
so although it's digital just like dvi
24605
15:31:15,916 --> 15:31:16,916
is it can also carry audio along with it
24606
15:31:20,000 --> 15:31:21,000
so um one thing that's important to know
24607
15:31:22,320 --> 15:31:23,320
and the reason i put this bullet point
24608
15:31:23,916 --> 15:31:24,916
in here is that if you have dvi you can
24609
15:31:27,840 --> 15:31:28,840
use it by a like a connector an adapter
24610
15:31:31,840 --> 15:31:32,840
to allow it to connect to either an hdmi
24611
15:31:34,880 --> 15:31:35,880
source for instance your tv
24612
15:31:36,796 --> 15:31:37,796
or a vga source if you go to a vga
24613
15:31:39,436 --> 15:31:40,436
source just realize you're going from a
24614
15:31:40,956 --> 15:31:41,956
digital to an analog signal
24615
15:31:44,640 --> 15:31:45,640
and if you're going to
24616
15:31:47,200 --> 15:31:48,200
hdmi just realize you're only going to
24617
15:31:49,276 --> 15:31:50,276
get video because while hdmi can support
24618
15:31:52,480 --> 15:31:53,480
video and audio dvi can only support
24619
15:31:55,116 --> 15:31:56,116
video so this is an important thing to
24620
15:31:57,360 --> 15:31:58,360
remember if you're going to connect your
24621
15:31:58,640 --> 15:31:59,640
computer to your tv let's say and you
24622
15:32:01,200 --> 15:32:02,200
have a dvi port on your computer but an
24623
15:32:03,360 --> 15:32:04,360
hdmi port on your
24624
15:32:05,520 --> 15:32:06,520
tv you go to the store you buy an hdmi a
24625
15:32:08,480 --> 15:32:09,480
dvi to hdmi converter you plug it in and
24626
15:32:10,956 --> 15:32:11,956
you're getting video but no sound that's
24627
15:32:12,796 --> 15:32:13,796
because you have to connect your sound
24628
15:32:14,240 --> 15:32:15,240
card as well as your video card
24629
15:32:17,520 --> 15:32:18,520
now there may be multiple connectors on
24630
15:32:20,240 --> 15:32:21,240
your uh computer
24631
15:32:22,400 --> 15:32:23,400
maybe you'll have a vga and dvi or
24632
15:32:26,000 --> 15:32:27,000
perhaps you'll have a dvi and an hdmi
24633
15:32:29,116 --> 15:32:30,116
now this could be for a number of
24634
15:32:30,160 --> 15:32:31,160
reasons one i want to have tv out and so
24635
15:32:32,880 --> 15:32:33,880
it's going to include hdmi and dvi to
24636
15:32:35,116 --> 15:32:36,116
make it easier for you to output to your
24637
15:32:36,640 --> 15:32:37,640
tv alternatively maybe you'll have two
24638
15:32:39,596 --> 15:32:40,596
dbis and that could be because i want to
24639
15:32:42,320 --> 15:32:43,320
have two monitors
24640
15:32:44,080 --> 15:32:45,080
or perhaps you'll even have four dvi
24641
15:32:46,240 --> 15:32:47,240
connections
24642
15:32:47,276 --> 15:32:48,276
and you want to have four monitors
24643
15:32:49,520 --> 15:32:50,520
windows can support up to 10 different
24644
15:32:51,840 --> 15:32:52,840
monitors as we'll see later
24645
15:32:53,756 --> 15:32:54,756
not on laptops on desktop specifically
24646
15:32:56,320 --> 15:32:57,320
and you can expand or mirror your
24647
15:32:59,276 --> 15:33:00,276
your image on your comp on on the
24648
15:33:00,956 --> 15:33:01,956
computer to be
24649
15:33:03,040 --> 15:33:04,040
to take the place of multiple monitors
24650
15:33:05,680 --> 15:33:06,680
so that would be the reason you're going
24651
15:33:07,276 --> 15:33:08,276
to have multiple connectors on a video
24652
15:33:09,360 --> 15:33:10,360
card
24653
15:33:10,720 --> 15:33:11,720
i point this out uh this image because
24654
15:33:13,200 --> 15:33:14,200
there are actually several different
24655
15:33:14,560 --> 15:33:15,560
types of dvi connectors
24656
15:33:16,640 --> 15:33:17,640
although we don't usually think about
24657
15:33:18,480 --> 15:33:19,480
this and you won't
24658
15:33:20,000 --> 15:33:21,000
normally run into this and this will not
24659
15:33:21,756 --> 15:33:22,756
be really on the exam very much but look
24660
15:33:24,080 --> 15:33:25,080
you have dvi dvid dvia they do have
24661
15:33:27,840 --> 15:33:28,840
different connectors you can see
24662
15:33:30,240 --> 15:33:31,240
for instance these are slightly
24663
15:33:32,160 --> 15:33:33,160
different you can see over here these
24664
15:33:34,160 --> 15:33:35,160
are different between the eyes and the
24665
15:33:35,520 --> 15:33:36,520
d's
24666
15:33:36,480 --> 15:33:37,480
um
24667
15:33:37,756 --> 15:33:38,756
i just want to point this out because
24668
15:33:39,756 --> 15:33:40,756
let's say you buy a video card that
24669
15:33:41,916 --> 15:33:42,916
specifies one you want to make sure that
24670
15:33:44,000 --> 15:33:45,000
your monitor can work with it otherwise
24671
15:33:47,200 --> 15:33:48,200
you're going to be in
24672
15:33:48,560 --> 15:33:49,560
you know you're gonna be in trouble
24673
15:33:52,400 --> 15:33:53,400
okay
24674
15:33:53,436 --> 15:33:54,436
uh let's take a look really quick i just
24675
15:33:54,956 --> 15:33:55,956
want to talk about what's the video card
24676
15:33:56,720 --> 15:33:57,720
chipset is in case you run into this
24677
15:33:58,640 --> 15:33:59,640
term
24678
15:33:59,520 --> 15:34:00,520
again
24679
15:34:00,480 --> 15:34:01,480
just like a motherboard
24680
15:34:02,400 --> 15:34:03,400
the video card has its own chipset and
24681
15:34:04,240 --> 15:34:05,240
if you recall what a chipset is a
24682
15:34:06,240 --> 15:34:07,240
chipset is all the chips all the
24683
15:34:08,956 --> 15:34:09,956
circuits
24684
15:34:10,080 --> 15:34:11,080
and how they're packaged together and
24685
15:34:11,840 --> 15:34:12,840
sold okay so when we say a video card
24686
15:34:13,916 --> 15:34:14,916
chip set that means how all the chips
24687
15:34:16,240 --> 15:34:17,240
are set together and sold for this
24688
15:34:18,400 --> 15:34:19,400
specific unit and every graphics card
24689
15:34:21,680 --> 15:34:22,680
has its own chipsets some of the popular
24690
15:34:23,680 --> 15:34:24,680
ones you might have seen nvidia is a
24691
15:34:25,916 --> 15:34:26,916
pretty popular uh
24692
15:34:27,916 --> 15:34:28,916
chipset manufacturer they make graphics
24693
15:34:30,320 --> 15:34:31,320
cards and they have their own chipset so
24694
15:34:32,640 --> 15:34:33,640
it's just important to realize that to
24695
15:34:34,400 --> 15:34:35,400
recognize it that when we're talking
24696
15:34:35,680 --> 15:34:36,680
about chipsets sometimes we're not just
24697
15:34:37,596 --> 15:34:38,596
referring to motherboard we're referring
24698
15:34:39,200 --> 15:34:40,200
to the video card as well
24699
15:34:41,360 --> 15:34:42,360
and it provides again a connection
24700
15:34:44,000 --> 15:34:45,000
between the gpu and the ram on the card
24701
15:34:46,560 --> 15:34:47,560
so just like with the motherboard
24702
15:34:48,720 --> 15:34:49,720
if i have my chipset and again this is
24703
15:34:50,320 --> 15:34:51,320
just uh
24704
15:34:51,276 --> 15:34:52,276
this is not necessarily an image of a
24705
15:34:52,880 --> 15:34:53,880
chipset this entire thing is the chipset
24706
15:34:54,956 --> 15:34:55,956
right
24707
15:34:55,756 --> 15:34:56,756
but if these are little ram chips which
24708
15:34:57,916 --> 15:34:58,916
i assume they are
24709
15:35:00,956 --> 15:35:01,956
and let's say this is the gpu
24710
15:35:03,756 --> 15:35:04,756
the chipset allows all this stuff to
24711
15:35:05,916 --> 15:35:06,916
talk to to one another
24712
15:35:08,080 --> 15:35:09,080
and then you have you can see just the
24713
15:35:09,680 --> 15:35:10,680
remnants of it
24714
15:35:11,040 --> 15:35:12,040
the expansion bus down here
24715
15:35:13,040 --> 15:35:14,040
that allows the video cards chipset to
24716
15:35:16,000 --> 15:35:17,000
communicate with the motherboards
24717
15:35:17,596 --> 15:35:18,596
chipset
24718
15:35:20,796 --> 15:35:21,796
so let's talk about the graphics
24719
15:35:22,080 --> 15:35:23,080
processing unit can you spot on this
24720
15:35:24,956 --> 15:35:25,956
card
24721
15:35:25,840 --> 15:35:26,840
the graphics processing unit
24722
15:35:29,916 --> 15:35:30,916
the reason i know it's right there what
24723
15:35:31,596 --> 15:35:32,596
is this thing right here
24724
15:35:33,840 --> 15:35:34,840
it's a heatsink
24725
15:35:35,116 --> 15:35:36,116
just like
24726
15:35:36,400 --> 15:35:37,400
your central processing unit
24727
15:35:38,956 --> 15:35:39,956
so the gpu stands for graphics
24728
15:35:40,956 --> 15:35:41,956
processing unit and again it's measured
24729
15:35:43,360 --> 15:35:44,360
just like a cpu is now we're not getting
24730
15:35:45,756 --> 15:35:46,756
gigahertz yet uh when we're talking
24731
15:35:47,520 --> 15:35:48,520
about gpus we're generally talking about
24732
15:35:50,080 --> 15:35:51,080
uh megahertz still okay but 630
24733
15:35:52,956 --> 15:35:53,956
megahertz that used to be how fast a
24734
15:35:54,720 --> 15:35:55,720
computer ran by itself so now we're
24735
15:35:57,520 --> 15:35:58,520
taking that and we're putting it just
24736
15:35:59,200 --> 15:36:00,200
onto a graphics card it's pretty
24737
15:36:00,880 --> 15:36:01,880
remarkable
24738
15:36:02,320 --> 15:36:03,320
uh
24739
15:36:03,276 --> 15:36:04,276
as i mentioned you're probably going to
24740
15:36:04,720 --> 15:36:05,720
have your own heatsink and you might
24741
15:36:06,080 --> 15:36:07,080
even see a fan this is rather small
24742
15:36:08,880 --> 15:36:09,880
for a present day
24743
15:36:11,040 --> 15:36:12,040
uh
24744
15:36:12,400 --> 15:36:13,400
heatsink on a graphics card so you're
24745
15:36:14,080 --> 15:36:15,080
probably going to see very large heat
24746
15:36:16,160 --> 15:36:17,160
sinks and fans to cool these suckers
24747
15:36:18,480 --> 15:36:19,480
because they are so large and putting
24748
15:36:20,160 --> 15:36:21,160
off so much heat
24749
15:36:22,320 --> 15:36:23,320
the entire card in fact might be
24750
15:36:25,116 --> 15:36:26,116
enclosed so you might actually not even
24751
15:36:27,116 --> 15:36:28,116
see any of this chipset stuff right it
24752
15:36:29,680 --> 15:36:30,680
might all be enclosed
24753
15:36:31,680 --> 15:36:32,680
by a giant fan and plastic enclosure
24754
15:36:35,360 --> 15:36:36,360
just like some ram is in order to help
24755
15:36:37,596 --> 15:36:38,596
the heat dissipate
24756
15:36:41,520 --> 15:36:42,520
finally let's talk about ram before we
24757
15:36:43,360 --> 15:36:44,360
um get to the end here
24758
15:36:45,116 --> 15:36:46,116
it's measured just like a motherboard's
24759
15:36:46,720 --> 15:36:47,720
ram okay i didn't find any pictures of
24760
15:36:48,640 --> 15:36:49,640
it because it doesn't stick on the same
24761
15:36:50,640 --> 15:36:51,640
way that you're going to stick on other
24762
15:36:51,680 --> 15:36:52,680
rams sometimes it used to
24763
15:36:53,596 --> 15:36:54,596
sometimes you can upgrade the ram on a
24764
15:36:55,436 --> 15:36:56,436
video card it really depends on the
24765
15:36:56,796 --> 15:36:57,796
manufacturer
24766
15:36:58,080 --> 15:36:59,080
but
24767
15:36:58,880 --> 15:36:59,880
just like
24768
15:37:01,360 --> 15:37:02,360
regular ram we actually have a ddr
24769
15:37:04,080 --> 15:37:05,080
double data ram that's made specifically
24770
15:37:06,480 --> 15:37:07,480
for graphics cards called gddr which is
24771
15:37:09,436 --> 15:37:10,436
graphics data double data ram i don't
24772
15:37:11,840 --> 15:37:12,840
think you're going to see this on the
24773
15:37:13,116 --> 15:37:14,116
exam but i want to point it out because
24774
15:37:15,200 --> 15:37:16,200
in case it does come up or in case they
24775
15:37:16,880 --> 15:37:17,880
update the exam i don't want you to be
24776
15:37:18,400 --> 15:37:19,400
surprised and just like
24777
15:37:20,880 --> 15:37:21,880
with a regular
24778
15:37:23,116 --> 15:37:24,116
memory you could have ddr1 ddr2 or ddr3
24779
15:37:28,880 --> 15:37:29,880
ram and you could have a lot of it look
24780
15:37:30,796 --> 15:37:31,796
at this three gigabytes of ddr3 ram
24781
15:37:34,400 --> 15:37:35,400
that's someone who's doing a lot of film
24782
15:37:36,160 --> 15:37:37,160
editing right and look at this it's
24783
15:37:38,720 --> 15:37:39,720
going to run it one or two gigahertz
24784
15:37:41,276 --> 15:37:42,276
that's crazy that's faster than some
24785
15:37:43,276 --> 15:37:44,276
computers so you can see how
24786
15:37:46,000 --> 15:37:47,000
graphics video cards have really taken
24787
15:37:48,640 --> 15:37:49,640
on their own systems their own necessity
24788
15:37:51,756 --> 15:37:52,756
and because there's so much going on
24789
15:37:53,360 --> 15:37:54,360
nowadays
24790
15:37:55,276 --> 15:37:56,276
so we talked about the video subsystem
24791
15:37:58,320 --> 15:37:59,320
which is basically a mini computer
24792
15:38:01,680 --> 15:38:02,680
within the computer
24793
15:38:06,320 --> 15:38:07,320
we talked about video cards the
24794
15:38:08,560 --> 15:38:09,560
expansion buses remember the one you're
24795
15:38:10,720 --> 15:38:11,720
probably going to see the most nowadays
24796
15:38:12,956 --> 15:38:13,956
is pci x16 and that 16
24797
15:38:16,560 --> 15:38:17,560
means 16 lanes
24798
15:38:19,276 --> 15:38:20,276
we have different connector types svga
24799
15:38:22,796 --> 15:38:23,796
is that blue
24800
15:38:24,320 --> 15:38:25,320
15 pin
24801
15:38:28,240 --> 15:38:29,240
we had dvi which was white and is
24802
15:38:31,756 --> 15:38:32,756
digital
24803
15:38:32,956 --> 15:38:33,956
and then we had hdmi
24804
15:38:36,560 --> 15:38:37,560
which again carries video
24805
15:38:40,796 --> 15:38:41,796
and audio okay
24806
15:38:43,276 --> 15:38:44,276
the video card chipset connects the ram
24807
15:38:48,320 --> 15:38:49,320
well actually it connects these two
24808
15:38:51,436 --> 15:38:52,436
right
24809
15:38:53,756 --> 15:38:54,756
to one another
24810
15:38:57,756 --> 15:38:58,756
we also had the gpu the graphics
24811
15:38:59,916 --> 15:39:00,916
processing unit which is just a
24812
15:39:02,400 --> 15:39:03,400
processor specifically for video
24813
15:39:05,116 --> 15:39:06,116
and then memory the fact that
24814
15:39:07,840 --> 15:39:08,840
these video cards nowadays have their
24815
15:39:09,520 --> 15:39:10,520
very own ram and just like on a regular
24816
15:39:12,160 --> 15:39:13,160
computer it's gonna be a form of ddr
24817
15:39:15,360 --> 15:39:16,360
called graphics ddr
24818
15:39:17,276 --> 15:39:18,276
and it could be running graphics ddr3
24819
15:39:19,436 --> 15:39:20,436
and the gpu could possibly be running at
24820
15:39:21,520 --> 15:39:22,520
one gigahertz although i would be
24821
15:39:23,360 --> 15:39:24,360
shocked if you're going to find a lot of
24822
15:39:24,640 --> 15:39:25,640
stuff at that speed generally it's going
24823
15:39:26,240 --> 15:39:27,240
to be a little slower for the common
24824
15:39:27,436 --> 15:39:28,436
user
24825
15:39:30,080 --> 15:39:31,080
so now that we've talked about sort of
24826
15:39:32,080 --> 15:39:33,080
the hardware of it let's talk about some
24827
15:39:34,400 --> 15:39:35,400
of the settings the drivers the software
24828
15:39:37,436 --> 15:39:38,436
and the monitors
24829
15:39:42,250 --> 15:39:43,250
[Music]
24830
15:40:02,480 --> 15:40:03,480
video installing and troubleshooting
24831
15:40:06,320 --> 15:40:07,320
we've just gone over the video subsystem
24832
15:40:08,720 --> 15:40:09,720
so now i want to talk about installing
24833
15:40:11,116 --> 15:40:12,116
video cards and some of the
24834
15:40:12,560 --> 15:40:13,560
troubleshooting tips and some of the
24835
15:40:14,400 --> 15:40:15,400
troubleshooting questions and their
24836
15:40:16,000 --> 15:40:17,000
answers that i see pop up on the a plus
24837
15:40:18,400 --> 15:40:19,400
exam a lot
24838
15:40:19,756 --> 15:40:20,756
so first we're going to talk about
24839
15:40:21,840 --> 15:40:22,840
installing video cards and then we're
24840
15:40:24,480 --> 15:40:25,480
going to talk about troubleshooting
24841
15:40:25,596 --> 15:40:26,596
video cards and as i mentioned this
24842
15:40:27,116 --> 15:40:28,116
isn't every single troubleshooting thing
24843
15:40:29,360 --> 15:40:30,360
in the book
24844
15:40:31,116 --> 15:40:32,116
but these are the ones that i see on the
24845
15:40:32,880 --> 15:40:33,880
a-plus exam the most often so these are
24846
15:40:34,796 --> 15:40:35,796
the ones i want you to be aware of
24847
15:40:36,796 --> 15:40:37,796
we're going to talk about uh
24848
15:40:38,080 --> 15:40:39,080
troubleshooting connections
24849
15:40:40,320 --> 15:40:41,320
power supplies
24850
15:40:42,320 --> 15:40:43,320
onboard video settings within the bios
24851
15:40:46,080 --> 15:40:47,080
resolution settings
24852
15:40:48,720 --> 15:40:49,720
drivers
24853
15:40:50,720 --> 15:40:51,720
directx which is important and there's a
24854
15:40:53,040 --> 15:40:54,040
specific tool that you must know when it
24855
15:40:55,116 --> 15:40:56,116
comes to directx and again
24856
15:40:58,000 --> 15:40:59,000
we've talked about directx when it comes
24857
15:40:59,756 --> 15:41:00,756
to windows but i just want to go over it
24858
15:41:01,596 --> 15:41:02,596
again
24859
15:41:02,796 --> 15:41:03,796
the temperature of the video card again
24860
15:41:04,480 --> 15:41:05,480
these video cards now their own systems
24861
15:41:06,956 --> 15:41:07,956
gpus their own heat sinks so they can
24862
15:41:09,680 --> 15:41:10,680
overheat quite easily
24863
15:41:12,000 --> 15:41:13,000
stuck or dead pixels which has more to
24864
15:41:14,080 --> 15:41:15,080
do with the monitors which we are going
24865
15:41:15,436 --> 15:41:16,436
to talk about next but i wanted to lump
24866
15:41:17,360 --> 15:41:18,360
that in here with troubleshooting just
24867
15:41:18,796 --> 15:41:19,796
in case
24868
15:41:21,116 --> 15:41:22,116
monitor calibration which means
24869
15:41:22,956 --> 15:41:23,956
calibrating what you see on the monitor
24870
15:41:25,200 --> 15:41:26,200
to
24871
15:41:26,000 --> 15:41:27,000
what the video card is sending out
24872
15:41:28,880 --> 15:41:29,880
and finally uh internal uh opening up of
24873
15:41:32,000 --> 15:41:33,000
the computer and dealing with the
24874
15:41:33,520 --> 15:41:34,520
internals of the graphics card if all
24875
15:41:35,756 --> 15:41:36,756
the other things don't uh fix it
24876
15:41:38,480 --> 15:41:39,480
all right
24877
15:41:39,680 --> 15:41:40,680
so installing a video card is just as
24878
15:41:41,436 --> 15:41:42,436
easy as installing any other card you
24879
15:41:43,520 --> 15:41:44,520
insert it into an expansion bus slot and
24880
15:41:46,000 --> 15:41:47,000
just so we can remind ourselves that
24881
15:41:47,680 --> 15:41:48,680
expansion bus slot nowadays is either
24882
15:41:50,160 --> 15:41:51,160
going to be an agp
24883
15:41:51,916 --> 15:41:52,916
or more likely now a pci x 16
24884
15:41:56,240 --> 15:41:57,240
and just like other adapter cards you
24885
15:41:58,240 --> 15:41:59,240
you plug it in uh sort of wiggle it into
24886
15:42:00,480 --> 15:42:01,480
that slot if you if you haven't dealt
24887
15:42:03,116 --> 15:42:04,116
with one before i recommend uh going to
24888
15:42:05,520 --> 15:42:06,520
the store perhaps and taking a look or
24889
15:42:07,680 --> 15:42:08,680
buying some pieces and building your own
24890
15:42:09,116 --> 15:42:10,116
computer or finding an old computer you
24891
15:42:11,596 --> 15:42:12,596
can take apart doesn't matter how old or
24892
15:42:13,436 --> 15:42:14,436
how new
24893
15:42:14,640 --> 15:42:15,640
and then you screw
24894
15:42:16,400 --> 15:42:17,400
the end piece that's closest to the
24895
15:42:18,240 --> 15:42:19,240
connector into the chassis in order to
24896
15:42:20,160 --> 15:42:21,160
keep it in place
24897
15:42:21,596 --> 15:42:22,596
this is going to uh one thing you need
24898
15:42:23,756 --> 15:42:24,756
to make sure of when you're installing a
24899
15:42:25,116 --> 15:42:26,116
video card is that you ensure it is
24900
15:42:26,796 --> 15:42:27,796
compatible with your motherboard if you
24901
15:42:29,200 --> 15:42:30,200
get a pci x16 video card and you only
24902
15:42:32,640 --> 15:42:33,640
have an agp slot you're going to be in
24903
15:42:34,400 --> 15:42:35,400
trouble
24904
15:42:35,916 --> 15:42:36,916
so
24905
15:42:36,796 --> 15:42:37,796
sometimes with pcie there are some some
24906
15:42:39,596 --> 15:42:40,596
considerations that you have to take
24907
15:42:41,200 --> 15:42:42,200
into and i'm sorry i put x i'm at e here
24908
15:42:44,080 --> 15:42:45,080
pcie you have some special
24909
15:42:45,680 --> 15:42:46,680
considerations first of all some of them
24910
15:42:48,320 --> 15:42:49,320
can take two slots so you'll
24911
15:42:51,200 --> 15:42:52,200
you literally will double up on that and
24912
15:42:53,200 --> 15:42:54,200
then you'll have two screws as well okay
24913
15:42:58,080 --> 15:42:59,080
also
24914
15:42:59,436 --> 15:43:00,436
pcie if you recall from when we talked
24915
15:43:01,276 --> 15:43:02,276
about power earlier in the course has
24916
15:43:03,116 --> 15:43:04,116
its own six or eight pin power connector
24917
15:43:05,916 --> 15:43:06,916
so this is another thing you need to
24918
15:43:07,360 --> 15:43:08,360
make sure of when we're talking about
24919
15:43:08,840 --> 15:43:09,840
compatibility is that you plug the power
24920
15:43:11,436 --> 15:43:12,436
connector from the power
24921
15:43:13,040 --> 15:43:14,040
adapter or sorry the power supply into
24922
15:43:15,520 --> 15:43:16,520
the video card to make sure that it can
24923
15:43:17,436 --> 15:43:18,436
run that gpu can run the fan can run all
24924
15:43:20,000 --> 15:43:21,000
that stuff because now it takes so much
24925
15:43:21,756 --> 15:43:22,756
more power there's not enough power
24926
15:43:23,596 --> 15:43:24,596
traveling just through the bus
24927
15:43:26,480 --> 15:43:27,480
um
24928
15:43:27,680 --> 15:43:28,680
if you don't have a power supply
24929
15:43:29,916 --> 15:43:30,916
sometimes there are mola molex adapters
24930
15:43:32,160 --> 15:43:33,160
remember molex is the power
24931
15:43:34,240 --> 15:43:35,240
the power cord specifically for
24932
15:43:36,560 --> 15:43:37,560
um
24933
15:43:37,756 --> 15:43:38,756
ide pata drives and sometimes there are
24934
15:43:39,840 --> 15:43:40,840
adapters available to allow you to
24935
15:43:41,680 --> 15:43:42,680
convert a molex to a pci
24936
15:43:44,880 --> 15:43:45,880
e
24937
15:43:45,680 --> 15:43:46,680
power
24938
15:43:48,400 --> 15:43:49,400
finally you need to install the graphics
24939
15:43:50,480 --> 15:43:51,480
driver for the specific card if you
24940
15:43:52,480 --> 15:43:53,480
don't you'll still see something but
24941
15:43:54,480 --> 15:43:55,480
it's not going to operate at optimal
24942
15:43:56,560 --> 15:43:57,560
speed and optimal performance and it's
24943
15:43:58,720 --> 15:43:59,720
probably going to give you a very basic
24944
15:44:00,480 --> 15:44:01,480
resolution that's going to look a little
24945
15:44:02,160 --> 15:44:03,160
odd and not like the very expensive
24946
15:44:04,000 --> 15:44:05,000
video card that you just purchased
24947
15:44:07,116 --> 15:44:08,116
so just as i just just reiterating what
24948
15:44:09,680 --> 15:44:10,680
i said right now on the um slide
24949
15:44:12,796 --> 15:44:13,796
all right
24950
15:44:13,756 --> 15:44:14,756
let's start with troubleshooting
24951
15:44:15,040 --> 15:44:16,040
connections
24952
15:44:17,200 --> 15:44:18,200
nothing shows on the display let's say
24953
15:44:19,116 --> 15:44:20,116
that that happens the first thing i want
24954
15:44:21,116 --> 15:44:22,116
to do is figure out what's the problem
24955
15:44:23,756 --> 15:44:24,756
is the monitor even plugged into the
24956
15:44:25,596 --> 15:44:26,596
video card
24957
15:44:26,880 --> 15:44:27,880
that could very easily be the issue
24958
15:44:29,040 --> 15:44:30,040
can't tell you how many times someone
24959
15:44:30,400 --> 15:44:31,400
said my monitor is not working and i
24960
15:44:31,680 --> 15:44:32,680
said is it plugged in oh oh there there
24961
15:44:34,080 --> 15:44:35,080
that's the problem
24962
15:44:35,596 --> 15:44:36,596
um we also want to verify the monitor is
24963
15:44:37,680 --> 15:44:38,680
connected to the power outlet uh
24964
15:44:39,596 --> 15:44:40,596
sometimes people forget to plug it in or
24965
15:44:42,080 --> 15:44:43,080
even turn it on so i want to make sure
24966
15:44:43,916 --> 15:44:44,916
that the monitor is powered on in order
24967
15:44:46,240 --> 15:44:47,240
to you know before i start jumping to
24968
15:44:48,480 --> 15:44:49,480
conclusions check all the simplest
24969
15:44:50,640 --> 15:44:51,640
things first occam's razor states and
24970
15:44:53,520 --> 15:44:54,520
this is a famous saying
24971
15:44:56,400 --> 15:44:57,400
all things being equal the simplest
24972
15:44:58,080 --> 15:44:59,080
answer is usually the correct one
24973
15:45:00,720 --> 15:45:01,720
if the image on the display is scrambled
24974
15:45:03,276 --> 15:45:04,276
you have a couple other uh issues here
24975
15:45:05,840 --> 15:45:06,840
first it could be a bent pin remember if
24976
15:45:08,640 --> 15:45:09,640
we're talking about that vga connector
24977
15:45:11,680 --> 15:45:12,680
right which is three rows 15 pins
24978
15:45:16,640 --> 15:45:17,640
i could have one of these pins bent and
24979
15:45:19,840 --> 15:45:20,840
maybe hitting another pin that's going
24980
15:45:21,916 --> 15:45:22,916
to cause all sorts of electrical signals
24981
15:45:23,596 --> 15:45:24,596
to scramble and so sometimes what
24982
15:45:25,276 --> 15:45:26,276
that'll
24983
15:45:26,956 --> 15:45:27,956
result in is a scrambled
24984
15:45:29,840 --> 15:45:30,840
you can also make sure it's connected to
24985
15:45:31,520 --> 15:45:32,520
the right connection sometimes people
24986
15:45:33,116 --> 15:45:34,116
try connecting a dvi to a dbid and so
24987
15:45:36,796 --> 15:45:37,796
you're not
24988
15:45:38,400 --> 15:45:39,400
the computer doesn't know what to make
24989
15:45:39,840 --> 15:45:40,840
of these
24990
15:45:41,200 --> 15:45:42,200
rather the monitors that know what to
24991
15:45:42,400 --> 15:45:43,400
make of the video images coming out of
24992
15:45:44,320 --> 15:45:45,320
the computer
24993
15:45:46,480 --> 15:45:47,480
it can also be a driver issue so just to
24994
15:45:49,116 --> 15:45:50,116
keep in mind if you get this question on
24995
15:45:50,956 --> 15:45:51,956
the exam and it you don't see bent pins
24996
15:45:54,080 --> 15:45:55,080
or
24997
15:45:54,956 --> 15:45:55,956
connected to the wrong port on there it
24998
15:45:57,040 --> 15:45:58,040
could be that it's the wrong driver
24999
15:46:00,400 --> 15:46:01,400
all right power
25000
15:46:02,560 --> 15:46:03,560
if you have a flickering or stuck pixels
25001
15:46:05,276 --> 15:46:06,276
on the monitor the
25002
15:46:07,200 --> 15:46:08,200
first thing you can always do and this
25003
15:46:09,116 --> 15:46:10,116
just with anything really with any sort
25004
15:46:12,000 --> 15:46:13,000
of troubleshooting is power cycle the
25005
15:46:13,916 --> 15:46:14,916
computer the display and any equipment
25006
15:46:16,480 --> 15:46:17,480
if you have a ups um if you have a power
25007
15:46:20,000 --> 15:46:21,000
a
25008
15:46:21,360 --> 15:46:22,360
surge protector for instance you can
25009
15:46:23,596 --> 15:46:24,596
cycle those reboot them right turn off
25010
15:46:25,596 --> 15:46:26,596
the computer turn off the monitor
25011
15:46:27,840 --> 15:46:28,840
maybe even unplug it and turn it all
25012
15:46:29,596 --> 15:46:30,596
back in make sure perhaps that something
25013
15:46:32,000 --> 15:46:33,000
didn't get bent a pen etc
25014
15:46:35,520 --> 15:46:36,520
this is a go-to solution this is always
25015
15:46:37,680 --> 15:46:38,680
the first thing you should do
25016
15:46:39,360 --> 15:46:40,360
if you're sure everything is plugged in
25017
15:46:40,956 --> 15:46:41,956
correctly
25018
15:46:43,200 --> 15:46:44,200
alright onboard bios now here's where
25019
15:46:44,880 --> 15:46:45,880
we're specifically going to see this one
25020
15:46:46,720 --> 15:46:47,720
let's say you install a video card to
25021
15:46:49,040 --> 15:46:50,040
your computer that already had an
25022
15:46:51,116 --> 15:46:52,116
onboard video card and now the new
25023
15:46:53,436 --> 15:46:54,436
card's not working but the old one is
25024
15:46:56,000 --> 15:46:57,000
what's the issue i just installed my new
25025
15:46:58,000 --> 15:46:59,000
video card well probably what you did is
25026
15:47:00,956 --> 15:47:01,956
you didn't disable the onboard video in
25027
15:47:03,916 --> 15:47:04,916
the bios so the motherboard still thinks
25028
15:47:07,276 --> 15:47:08,276
well i'm only going to go with i'm going
25029
15:47:08,560 --> 15:47:09,560
to go with the the quickest solution
25030
15:47:10,956 --> 15:47:11,956
which is the one that's built into my uh
25031
15:47:12,956 --> 15:47:13,956
to my system so what you need to do
25032
15:47:14,796 --> 15:47:15,796
sometimes is sometimes you can do this
25033
15:47:16,480 --> 15:47:17,480
through the device manager in windows
25034
15:47:18,240 --> 15:47:19,240
but often times you go into
25035
15:47:21,116 --> 15:47:22,116
the bios and you disable the video card
25036
15:47:24,480 --> 15:47:25,480
okay
25037
15:47:26,000 --> 15:47:27,000
make sure you also plug the monitor into
25038
15:47:28,240 --> 15:47:29,240
the new video card and not the old
25039
15:47:29,916 --> 15:47:30,916
on-board connection sometimes you're
25040
15:47:31,436 --> 15:47:32,436
rushing through stuff you're so excited
25041
15:47:33,116 --> 15:47:34,116
to get this new video card in and you
25042
15:47:34,796 --> 15:47:35,796
plug it into the old one this is a
25043
15:47:36,720 --> 15:47:37,720
common question i see on the exam if you
25044
15:47:38,880 --> 15:47:39,880
have again you've just installed a new
25045
15:47:41,040 --> 15:47:42,040
video card or they're upgrading their
25046
15:47:42,880 --> 15:47:43,880
video card and it's not working and they
25047
15:47:45,756 --> 15:47:46,756
had an old video card that works fine
25048
15:47:47,680 --> 15:47:48,680
the issue is probably
25049
15:47:49,520 --> 15:47:50,520
not that you've installed the new video
25050
15:47:51,040 --> 15:47:52,040
card incorrectly it's actually probably
25051
15:47:52,880 --> 15:47:53,880
that you haven't disabled the old video
25052
15:47:55,040 --> 15:47:56,040
card
25053
15:47:57,116 --> 15:47:58,116
now resolution settings we've talked
25054
15:47:59,040 --> 15:48:00,040
about resolution a bit again resolution
25055
15:48:02,400 --> 15:48:03,400
is uh that
25056
15:48:05,840 --> 15:48:06,840
let's say
25057
15:48:07,040 --> 15:48:08,040
1280
25058
15:48:09,200 --> 15:48:10,200
by 720
25059
15:48:11,276 --> 15:48:12,276
right that would be a resolution and
25060
15:48:13,200 --> 15:48:14,200
that means you're 1280 wide by 720 tall
25061
15:48:16,480 --> 15:48:17,480
and that gives us an aspect ratio let's
25062
15:48:19,200 --> 15:48:20,200
say
25063
15:48:20,000 --> 15:48:21,000
uh 16 by nine in this case
25064
15:48:23,116 --> 15:48:24,116
sometimes if your monitor or your
25065
15:48:25,200 --> 15:48:26,200
graphics card doesn't support a specific
25066
15:48:27,276 --> 15:48:28,276
resolution you might get a distorted
25067
15:48:29,840 --> 15:48:30,840
image or the computer just gives up and
25068
15:48:32,000 --> 15:48:33,000
says i'm not going to try creating an
25069
15:48:33,276 --> 15:48:34,276
image at that resolution
25070
15:48:35,200 --> 15:48:36,200
in this case you've probably
25071
15:48:37,040 --> 15:48:38,040
accidentally set the resolution too high
25072
15:48:40,480 --> 15:48:41,480
and it's not supported by the monitor or
25073
15:48:42,640 --> 15:48:43,640
by the graphics card
25074
15:48:45,360 --> 15:48:46,360
generally speaking if you do this in
25075
15:48:47,200 --> 15:48:48,200
windows it will give you 15 seconds and
25076
15:48:50,000 --> 15:48:51,000
it'll say unless you click ok
25077
15:48:51,840 --> 15:48:52,840
i'm going to revert back to the old
25078
15:48:53,596 --> 15:48:54,596
resolution but sometimes you're rushing
25079
15:48:55,756 --> 15:48:56,756
through stuff you change the resolution
25080
15:48:57,276 --> 15:48:58,276
and then you press enter and you make
25081
15:48:59,840 --> 15:49:00,840
that window go away and now you just
25082
15:49:02,000 --> 15:49:03,000
have a blank screen i have had to in the
25083
15:49:04,796 --> 15:49:05,796
past go through by memory and get into
25084
15:49:08,080 --> 15:49:09,080
um
25085
15:49:09,436 --> 15:49:10,436
the display settings in order to change
25086
15:49:11,360 --> 15:49:12,360
this but another way to do this is boot
25087
15:49:13,916 --> 15:49:14,916
into the low resolution vga mode or safe
25088
15:49:16,480 --> 15:49:17,480
mode remember when you press f8
25089
15:49:19,840 --> 15:49:20,840
when you hear that windows beep
25090
15:49:21,756 --> 15:49:22,756
right before you get into start loading
25091
15:49:23,116 --> 15:49:24,116
windows you press or hold down f8 this
25092
15:49:25,436 --> 15:49:26,436
brings up the advanced boot menu and you
25093
15:49:28,400 --> 15:49:29,400
can choose to boot into vga mode or safe
25094
15:49:31,040 --> 15:49:32,040
mode which generally speaking is going
25095
15:49:32,720 --> 15:49:33,720
to load a
25096
15:49:34,560 --> 15:49:35,560
generic driver and is going to start the
25097
15:49:36,720 --> 15:49:37,720
computer with the resolution of 640x480
25098
15:49:39,436 --> 15:49:40,436
which is probably one of the lowest
25099
15:49:40,880 --> 15:49:41,880
resolutions you would never want to run
25100
15:49:42,956 --> 15:49:43,956
your computer at that resolution
25101
15:49:45,276 --> 15:49:46,276
nowadays because it's so low however it
25102
15:49:48,080 --> 15:49:49,080
is going to allow you to change and fix
25103
15:49:50,880 --> 15:49:51,880
the issue
25104
15:49:54,320 --> 15:49:55,320
so you modify that resolution in the
25105
15:49:55,916 --> 15:49:56,916
display settings once you've gotten into
25106
15:49:57,756 --> 15:49:58,756
vga motor safe mode and now you're good
25107
15:49:59,680 --> 15:50:00,680
to go
25108
15:50:02,080 --> 15:50:03,080
drivers
25109
15:50:04,160 --> 15:50:05,160
if there is no image a distorted image
25110
15:50:07,040 --> 15:50:08,040
or the resolution remains really really
25111
15:50:09,520 --> 15:50:10,520
low you can't get it up to the site you
25112
15:50:11,436 --> 15:50:12,436
need and you're thinking man i just
25113
15:50:12,640 --> 15:50:13,640
bought this really expensive thing and
25114
15:50:14,160 --> 15:50:15,160
it's running at 640 by 480 or 800 by 600
25115
15:50:17,680 --> 15:50:18,680
what's the problem well probably what's
25116
15:50:19,680 --> 15:50:20,680
going on is you didn't install the
25117
15:50:21,756 --> 15:50:22,756
proper driver or you installed the
25118
15:50:23,520 --> 15:50:24,520
driver incorrectly generally speaking
25119
15:50:25,840 --> 15:50:26,840
you want to download the latest driver
25120
15:50:27,596 --> 15:50:28,596
from the internet making sure to virus
25121
15:50:29,276 --> 15:50:30,276
scan check it of course but the reason
25122
15:50:31,520 --> 15:50:32,520
we do this is by the time you've
25123
15:50:33,436 --> 15:50:34,436
purchased the driver like we've said by
25124
15:50:36,080 --> 15:50:37,080
the time we've purchased you purchased
25125
15:50:37,276 --> 15:50:38,276
that driver at the store it could be a
25126
15:50:39,360 --> 15:50:40,360
year or two out of date so go on the
25127
15:50:41,520 --> 15:50:42,520
internet go to nvidia site for instance
25128
15:50:44,000 --> 15:50:45,000
and download the newest driver for your
25129
15:50:46,480 --> 15:50:47,480
operating system if you have windows 8
25130
15:50:48,796 --> 15:50:49,796
make sure to get a windows 8 driver and
25131
15:50:50,880 --> 15:50:51,880
install it
25132
15:50:53,520 --> 15:50:54,520
you may need to do this on another
25133
15:50:55,756 --> 15:50:56,756
system or in low res or safe mode
25134
15:50:59,756 --> 15:51:00,756
because low res by the way is that vga
25135
15:51:02,400 --> 15:51:03,400
mode low resolution and the reason you
25136
15:51:04,480 --> 15:51:05,480
might have to do this is i can't get
25137
15:51:05,756 --> 15:51:06,756
into windows or when it boots into
25138
15:51:07,116 --> 15:51:08,116
windows i can't see anything so
25139
15:51:08,880 --> 15:51:09,880
sometimes you go into the safe mode you
25140
15:51:10,640 --> 15:51:11,640
download the driver you install it and
25141
15:51:12,240 --> 15:51:13,240
that helps correct stuff that's the
25142
15:51:13,916 --> 15:51:14,916
reason safe mode is there
25143
15:51:17,116 --> 15:51:18,116
all right directx nowadays with windows
25144
15:51:20,160 --> 15:51:21,160
starting with vista directx was an
25145
15:51:22,320 --> 15:51:23,320
important part of the operating system
25146
15:51:24,880 --> 15:51:25,880
uh apple came out with all their sort of
25147
15:51:27,040 --> 15:51:28,040
advanced
25148
15:51:28,480 --> 15:51:29,480
graphics and microsoft wanted to mimic
25149
15:51:31,040 --> 15:51:32,040
that and so directx is this windows
25150
15:51:33,840 --> 15:51:34,840
technology that allows for better
25151
15:51:35,520 --> 15:51:36,520
performance from video and sound and
25152
15:51:37,040 --> 15:51:38,040
it's integrated into the operating
25153
15:51:38,796 --> 15:51:39,796
system
25154
15:51:39,756 --> 15:51:40,756
therefore
25155
15:51:40,956 --> 15:51:41,956
if you have windows aero for instance on
25156
15:51:43,680 --> 15:51:44,680
your vista or your windows 7 computer
25157
15:51:46,160 --> 15:51:47,160
and that's again that thing that allows
25158
15:51:47,680 --> 15:51:48,680
you to transparency behind or in front
25159
15:51:49,756 --> 15:51:50,756
of windows uh then you're running
25160
15:51:51,680 --> 15:51:52,680
directx and sometimes there can be a
25161
15:51:53,916 --> 15:51:54,916
problem with the directx sometimes it
25162
15:51:55,520 --> 15:51:56,520
causes issues so you want to remember
25163
15:51:58,000 --> 15:51:59,000
and i know we talked about this tool
25164
15:51:59,520 --> 15:52:00,520
before i just want to remind you of it
25165
15:52:01,040 --> 15:52:02,040
because i always see it come up on the
25166
15:52:02,400 --> 15:52:03,400
test dxdiag which stands for directx
25167
15:52:05,436 --> 15:52:06,436
diagnostic tool
25168
15:52:06,880 --> 15:52:07,880
it troubleshoots these issues gives you
25169
15:52:09,200 --> 15:52:10,200
information about the installed version
25170
15:52:11,116 --> 15:52:12,116
of directx whether it's operating
25171
15:52:13,040 --> 15:52:14,040
correctly
25172
15:52:14,160 --> 15:52:15,160
if you need to do anything etc
25173
15:52:16,640 --> 15:52:17,640
we looked at this when we looked at
25174
15:52:18,000 --> 15:52:19,000
windows i showed you a screen cap of it
25175
15:52:21,916 --> 15:52:22,916
you just go into start run or you search
25176
15:52:24,796 --> 15:52:25,796
for it if you go to if you have vista or
25177
15:52:26,320 --> 15:52:27,320
seven just go to start type in the
25178
15:52:28,400 --> 15:52:29,400
search
25179
15:52:29,200 --> 15:52:30,200
dxdiag okay remember that and remember
25180
15:52:32,560 --> 15:52:33,560
if you see this dx diag on the test
25181
15:52:36,160 --> 15:52:37,160
it's referring to media
25182
15:52:38,880 --> 15:52:39,880
whether that's video
25183
15:52:40,720 --> 15:52:41,720
or audio generally speaking it's going
25184
15:52:42,796 --> 15:52:43,796
to be video okay
25185
15:52:48,640 --> 15:52:49,640
now
25186
15:52:49,596 --> 15:52:50,596
because just like a computer can
25187
15:52:51,276 --> 15:52:52,276
overheat so can a video card high-end
25188
15:52:53,756 --> 15:52:54,756
video cards
25189
15:52:55,116 --> 15:52:56,116
used especially by gamers and designers
25190
15:52:58,480 --> 15:52:59,480
may push the
25191
15:53:00,560 --> 15:53:01,560
and if you're using your video card and
25192
15:53:02,160 --> 15:53:03,160
you're one of these high using people
25193
15:53:03,840 --> 15:53:04,840
you might be pushing the video card past
25194
15:53:05,680 --> 15:53:06,680
its its limits past the limits it's
25195
15:53:07,520 --> 15:53:08,520
supposed to be worked and as a result
25196
15:53:09,840 --> 15:53:10,840
the video card is going to begin to shut
25197
15:53:11,756 --> 15:53:12,756
itself down or throttle back the gpu
25198
15:53:15,276 --> 15:53:16,276
speed
25199
15:53:16,560 --> 15:53:17,560
closing the application
25200
15:53:18,480 --> 15:53:19,480
stop working because it doesn't want to
25201
15:53:20,400 --> 15:53:21,400
damage itself it doesn't want to
25202
15:53:22,080 --> 15:53:23,080
overheat to the point where it damages
25203
15:53:24,480 --> 15:53:25,480
itself so what it's going to do
25204
15:53:27,116 --> 15:53:28,116
is it's going to throttle back its own
25205
15:53:28,560 --> 15:53:29,560
speed it's going to stop working before
25206
15:53:30,560 --> 15:53:31,560
it hurts itself if this is happening
25207
15:53:32,956 --> 15:53:33,956
sporadically and this is the key if you
25208
15:53:34,796 --> 15:53:35,796
ever see sporadic right sporadic
25209
15:53:37,200 --> 15:53:38,200
generally means you have a loose
25210
15:53:38,480 --> 15:53:39,480
connection of some sort or you have
25211
15:53:41,360 --> 15:53:42,360
something that's only happening
25212
15:53:42,400 --> 15:53:43,400
sporadically that's not happening all
25213
15:53:43,756 --> 15:53:44,756
the time and that's something like
25214
15:53:44,956 --> 15:53:45,956
overheating all right it's important to
25215
15:53:47,116 --> 15:53:48,116
this is an important troubleshooting
25216
15:53:49,276 --> 15:53:50,276
step right here
25217
15:53:51,520 --> 15:53:52,520
so consider additional cooling fans or
25218
15:53:54,160 --> 15:53:55,160
liquid cooling for instance if this is
25219
15:53:56,080 --> 15:53:57,080
one of your issues
25220
15:53:59,276 --> 15:54:00,276
let's say you have stuck or dead pixels
25221
15:54:01,436 --> 15:54:02,436
on the screen you're looking at the
25222
15:54:02,640 --> 15:54:03,640
screen and there are a couple areas on
25223
15:54:05,360 --> 15:54:06,360
the screen that never move they're
25224
15:54:07,040 --> 15:54:08,040
always green for instance or some weird
25225
15:54:09,040 --> 15:54:10,040
color
25226
15:54:10,000 --> 15:54:11,000
your first step always
25227
15:54:11,840 --> 15:54:12,840
power cycle the computer power cycle the
25228
15:54:14,160 --> 15:54:15,160
monitor maybe there's an issue
25229
15:54:16,640 --> 15:54:17,640
if not
25230
15:54:17,756 --> 15:54:18,756
use software and here are some examples
25231
15:54:20,320 --> 15:54:21,320
of software you can download off the
25232
15:54:21,520 --> 15:54:22,520
internet uh there's one called lcd
25233
15:54:24,000 --> 15:54:25,000
repair there's one called ud pixel
25234
15:54:26,720 --> 15:54:27,720
there's another called
25235
15:54:28,400 --> 15:54:29,400
the monitor test okay google these you
25236
15:54:30,956 --> 15:54:31,956
can download these uh from the internet
25237
15:54:33,596 --> 15:54:34,596
and that will help do a diagnostic on
25238
15:54:36,160 --> 15:54:37,160
your monitor and through the
25239
15:54:38,480 --> 15:54:39,480
device through the video card to make
25240
15:54:40,480 --> 15:54:41,480
sure everything's running correctly and
25241
15:54:41,756 --> 15:54:42,756
to see if it can fix your issue
25242
15:54:44,160 --> 15:54:45,160
if it doesn't then your display is
25243
15:54:46,640 --> 15:54:47,640
probably bogus it needs to be repaired
25244
15:54:49,116 --> 15:54:50,116
or replaced a note when we come to video
25245
15:54:53,116 --> 15:54:54,116
okay when we come to monitors and we'll
25246
15:54:55,276 --> 15:54:56,276
talk about this in just a second
25247
15:54:59,520 --> 15:55:00,520
never repair monitor yourself
25248
15:55:06,000 --> 15:55:07,000
always take them in this is because when
25249
15:55:07,756 --> 15:55:08,756
we're dealing with monitors when we're
25250
15:55:08,956 --> 15:55:09,956
dealing with displays especially crt
25251
15:55:12,000 --> 15:55:13,000
displays which are the old ones they can
25252
15:55:13,840 --> 15:55:14,840
get
25253
15:55:14,640 --> 15:55:15,640
they can hold quite a charge and they
25254
15:55:16,000 --> 15:55:17,000
can harm you okay
25255
15:55:17,756 --> 15:55:18,756
so this is one of the major things if
25256
15:55:19,596 --> 15:55:20,596
you
25257
15:55:20,560 --> 15:55:21,560
having a problem with the monitor you
25258
15:55:22,000 --> 15:55:23,000
should not try fixing it yourself
25259
15:55:24,880 --> 15:55:25,880
now if you're having artifacts artifacts
25260
15:55:27,916 --> 15:55:28,916
or things that are remnants of images
25261
15:55:29,680 --> 15:55:30,680
that are being left onto your monitor
25262
15:55:31,276 --> 15:55:32,276
screen incorrect colors degraded images
25263
15:55:34,240 --> 15:55:35,240
there's a couple things one is
25264
15:55:36,640 --> 15:55:37,640
if you're running a crt
25265
15:55:38,560 --> 15:55:39,560
monitor which we'll talk about what that
25266
15:55:40,160 --> 15:55:41,160
is in just a bit but those are those big
25267
15:55:41,916 --> 15:55:42,916
old huge cathode ray
25268
15:55:44,640 --> 15:55:45,640
tube monitors you can try using the
25269
15:55:47,200 --> 15:55:48,200
de-gauzing feature and again we will
25270
15:55:49,276 --> 15:55:50,276
take a look at that in one of the next
25271
15:55:50,880 --> 15:55:51,880
videos
25272
15:55:52,080 --> 15:55:53,080
um that's generally an answer by the way
25273
15:55:54,080 --> 15:55:55,080
on at least one question d gauze okay
25274
15:55:57,520 --> 15:55:58,520
you can also adjust the brightness the
25275
15:55:59,680 --> 15:56:00,680
contrast on a monitor either using if
25276
15:56:02,080 --> 15:56:03,080
you're on a laptop using those keyboard
25277
15:56:04,240 --> 15:56:05,240
buttons or on the monitor itself using
25278
15:56:06,160 --> 15:56:07,160
that
25279
15:56:07,436 --> 15:56:08,436
menu screen which we'll talk about in
25280
15:56:09,276 --> 15:56:10,276
just a bit
25281
15:56:11,040 --> 15:56:12,040
you can also use the manufacturer
25282
15:56:12,640 --> 15:56:13,640
utility to calibrate the monitor with
25283
15:56:14,796 --> 15:56:15,796
the colors coming out of the screen
25284
15:56:16,480 --> 15:56:17,480
don't forget
25285
15:56:19,200 --> 15:56:20,200
what you're seeing on the monitor
25286
15:56:21,916 --> 15:56:22,916
is an interpretation
25287
15:56:24,720 --> 15:56:25,720
of colors that the computer believes to
25288
15:56:26,796 --> 15:56:27,796
be red green etc sometimes those
25289
15:56:29,116 --> 15:56:30,116
interpretations are wrong right and so
25290
15:56:31,756 --> 15:56:32,756
what you have to do is calibrate the
25291
15:56:33,680 --> 15:56:34,680
monitor to make sure the colors add up
25292
15:56:38,956 --> 15:56:39,956
finally your last step
25293
15:56:41,040 --> 15:56:42,040
uh you've tried everything else you've
25294
15:56:43,360 --> 15:56:44,360
tried power cycling you've tried running
25295
15:56:44,880 --> 15:56:45,880
utilities you tried de-gauzing whatever
25296
15:56:47,840 --> 15:56:48,840
nothing's working you probably have an
25297
15:56:49,360 --> 15:56:50,360
internal problem this is the most
25298
15:56:51,360 --> 15:56:52,360
time-consuming you open up the
25299
15:56:54,240 --> 15:56:55,240
computer you take a look at the graphics
25300
15:56:56,400 --> 15:56:57,400
card
25301
15:56:57,276 --> 15:56:58,276
now one interesting thing as well with
25302
15:56:59,436 --> 15:57:00,436
graphics if the ram is not seated
25303
15:57:01,756 --> 15:57:02,756
properly the graphics card's not going
25304
15:57:03,596 --> 15:57:04,596
to come on that's why we have post codes
25305
15:57:06,000 --> 15:57:07,000
okay
25306
15:57:07,520 --> 15:57:08,520
so sometimes you have dust
25307
15:57:09,916 --> 15:57:10,916
moving through the computer
25308
15:57:11,840 --> 15:57:12,840
causes the connections between the ram
25309
15:57:14,640 --> 15:57:15,640
or between the graphics card to go so
25310
15:57:16,640 --> 15:57:17,640
you can help you know clean that out
25311
15:57:18,480 --> 15:57:19,480
again not with water but with with some
25312
15:57:20,480 --> 15:57:21,480
sort of anti-static spray
25313
15:57:23,116 --> 15:57:24,116
you can also listen for those post codes
25314
15:57:24,956 --> 15:57:25,956
like i mentioned especially if the ram
25315
15:57:27,520 --> 15:57:28,520
is having an issue
25316
15:57:29,116 --> 15:57:30,116
okay
25317
15:57:30,400 --> 15:57:31,400
so
25318
15:57:31,276 --> 15:57:32,276
we've talked about installing the video
25319
15:57:32,796 --> 15:57:33,796
cards just like any others when we're
25320
15:57:34,320 --> 15:57:35,320
talking about pci
25321
15:57:38,080 --> 15:57:39,080
we're talking about pcie with the 16
25322
15:57:40,400 --> 15:57:41,400
lanes for instance we need to make sure
25323
15:57:42,400 --> 15:57:43,400
that we're going to connect power
25324
15:57:44,956 --> 15:57:45,956
and sometimes and that's a six or an
25325
15:57:47,200 --> 15:57:48,200
eight pin
25326
15:57:49,436 --> 15:57:50,436
and don't forget sometimes also you
25327
15:57:51,276 --> 15:57:52,276
might have two buses or two spaces
25328
15:57:54,720 --> 15:57:55,720
troubleshooting the video cards we
25329
15:57:56,560 --> 15:57:57,560
talked about troubleshooting the
25330
15:57:57,680 --> 15:57:58,680
connections
25331
15:57:59,116 --> 15:58:00,116
the power supply which goes back to this
25332
15:58:02,560 --> 15:58:03,560
onboard video settings in the bios
25333
15:58:04,956 --> 15:58:05,956
disable the onboard
25334
15:58:06,880 --> 15:58:07,880
video card
25335
15:58:10,400 --> 15:58:11,400
if you install a new video card
25336
15:58:15,116 --> 15:58:16,116
the resolution settings
25337
15:58:16,956 --> 15:58:17,956
the driver
25338
15:58:18,956 --> 15:58:19,956
directx again
25339
15:58:21,520 --> 15:58:22,520
an important tool just to keep in mind
25340
15:58:23,680 --> 15:58:24,680
is dx diag okay the temperature of the
25341
15:58:26,480 --> 15:58:27,480
video card
25342
15:58:27,756 --> 15:58:28,756
stuck or dead pixels which could be as
25343
15:58:30,160 --> 15:58:31,160
easy as just power cycling but it might
25344
15:58:32,400 --> 15:58:33,400
also require some sort of calibration
25345
15:58:35,360 --> 15:58:36,360
or it might require
25346
15:58:37,200 --> 15:58:38,200
uh you to actually take the monitor in
25347
15:58:40,400 --> 15:58:41,400
again monitor calibration which is a
25348
15:58:42,560 --> 15:58:43,560
tool within windows uh provided by the
25349
15:58:45,116 --> 15:58:46,116
manufacturer generally built in through
25350
15:58:47,116 --> 15:58:48,116
the driver and finally last thing is
25351
15:58:49,276 --> 15:58:50,276
you're going to open up the computer and
25352
15:58:50,320 --> 15:58:51,320
take a look at the internals
25353
15:58:52,956 --> 15:58:53,956
so we've talked about this let's keep
25354
15:58:55,200 --> 15:58:56,200
going talking about monitors resolutions
25355
15:58:58,080 --> 15:58:59,080
and so on
25356
15:59:02,620 --> 15:59:03,620
[Music]
25357
15:59:23,360 --> 15:59:24,360
video video displays
25358
15:59:26,080 --> 15:59:27,080
now that we've discussed how you install
25359
15:59:28,720 --> 15:59:29,720
the video card and the video subsystem
25360
15:59:30,640 --> 15:59:31,640
in general let's take a very overarching
25361
15:59:33,756 --> 15:59:34,756
look at video displays those monitors
25362
15:59:36,640 --> 15:59:37,640
that you plug into the video card so you
25363
15:59:38,480 --> 15:59:39,480
can see what you're doing on the
25364
15:59:39,680 --> 15:59:40,680
computer
25365
15:59:41,040 --> 15:59:42,040
just a note ahead of time there are
25366
15:59:43,116 --> 15:59:44,116
people who spend their entire lives
25367
15:59:44,720 --> 15:59:45,720
dealing with video displays and know the
25368
15:59:46,320 --> 15:59:47,320
intricacies of them in and out this is
25369
15:59:48,560 --> 15:59:49,560
an overarching view from a million miles
25370
15:59:51,116 --> 15:59:52,116
above the surface so um i want to just
25371
15:59:54,400 --> 15:59:55,400
throw that out there and also let you
25372
15:59:55,840 --> 15:59:56,840
know that you're not going to be tested
25373
15:59:57,680 --> 15:59:58,680
on video displays per se i'll point out
25374
16:00:00,796 --> 16:00:01,796
the very pertinent points for you to
25375
16:00:02,320 --> 16:00:03,320
remember but i want to cover these in
25376
16:00:04,400 --> 16:00:05,400
general for your own edification and
25377
16:00:06,560 --> 16:00:07,560
just in case
25378
16:00:08,080 --> 16:00:09,080
some information here helps you later on
25379
16:00:10,400 --> 16:00:11,400
in the exam or even in another exam
25380
16:00:12,796 --> 16:00:13,796
so the types of video displays we're
25381
16:00:14,640 --> 16:00:15,640
going to cover are liquid crystal
25382
16:00:16,480 --> 16:00:17,480
displays or lcds
25383
16:00:19,116 --> 16:00:20,116
and we're going to talk about the
25384
16:00:20,640 --> 16:00:21,640
contrast ratio
25385
16:00:22,320 --> 16:00:23,320
and adjusting that as well as cleaning
25386
16:00:24,160 --> 16:00:25,160
displays because lcds are the most
25387
16:00:26,480 --> 16:00:27,480
common and the ones we also see on
25388
16:00:28,320 --> 16:00:29,320
laptops
25389
16:00:29,596 --> 16:00:30,596
then i'm going to talk about light
25390
16:00:30,956 --> 16:00:31,956
emitting diode monitors or leds
25391
16:00:34,240 --> 16:00:35,240
following that organic light emitting
25392
16:00:37,040 --> 16:00:38,040
diodes or
25393
16:00:39,840 --> 16:00:40,840
which are a more advanced uh form of led
25394
16:00:42,720 --> 16:00:43,720
that we're seeing more and more although
25395
16:00:44,560 --> 16:00:45,560
its expense hasn't really brought it to
25396
16:00:46,796 --> 16:00:47,796
market just quite yet
25397
16:00:49,116 --> 16:00:50,116
finally we're going to look at plasmas
25398
16:00:51,596 --> 16:00:52,596
and cathode ray tubes which are the old
25399
16:00:54,560 --> 16:00:55,560
monitors that we really don't see much
25400
16:00:56,640 --> 16:00:57,640
anymore
25401
16:00:58,320 --> 16:00:59,320
we'll finish it off by looking at
25402
16:01:00,240 --> 16:01:01,240
projectors which aren't monitors per se
25403
16:01:03,276 --> 16:01:04,276
but are display devices and they are
25404
16:01:05,360 --> 16:01:06,360
used quite frequently especially in
25405
16:01:07,596 --> 16:01:08,596
business settings
25406
16:01:10,000 --> 16:01:11,000
so let's talk about a liquid crystal
25407
16:01:11,840 --> 16:01:12,840
display and what it is
25408
16:01:14,240 --> 16:01:15,240
we talked about this with the laptops
25409
16:01:16,480 --> 16:01:17,480
but a liquid crystal display consists of
25410
16:01:18,720 --> 16:01:19,720
two sheets of polarizing material
25411
16:01:21,360 --> 16:01:22,360
surrounding a layer of liquid crystal
25412
16:01:23,520 --> 16:01:24,520
solution
25413
16:01:24,720 --> 16:01:25,720
so you can see in this image right here
25414
16:01:27,116 --> 16:01:28,116
here's the liquid crystals and you can
25415
16:01:29,360 --> 16:01:30,360
see that there's a tft glass we'll talk
25416
16:01:31,116 --> 16:01:32,116
about that in just a second the
25417
16:01:32,796 --> 16:01:33,796
backlight
25418
16:01:34,080 --> 16:01:35,080
and then the filter that gives it a
25419
16:01:36,240 --> 16:01:37,240
certain color
25420
16:01:37,916 --> 16:01:38,916
now
25421
16:01:38,720 --> 16:01:39,720
this thin film transistor
25422
16:01:41,360 --> 16:01:42,360
this which creates an active matrix
25423
16:01:43,680 --> 16:01:44,680
display
25424
16:01:44,796 --> 16:01:45,796
is actually
25425
16:01:47,116 --> 16:01:48,116
three transistors for each pixel and
25426
16:01:49,360 --> 16:01:50,360
remember when we're talking about a
25427
16:01:50,640 --> 16:01:51,640
monitor we're looking at thousands of
25428
16:01:52,480 --> 16:01:53,480
pixels and each pixel creates one little
25429
16:01:55,520 --> 16:01:56,520
dot on the screen
25430
16:01:57,116 --> 16:01:58,116
um each transistor
25431
16:01:59,756 --> 16:02:00,756
sorry each pixel has three transistors
25432
16:02:02,080 --> 16:02:03,080
that's why it's a thin film transistor
25433
16:02:04,320 --> 16:02:05,320
and they are contained within this
25434
16:02:06,240 --> 16:02:07,240
flexible material and what this allows
25435
16:02:08,160 --> 16:02:09,160
is it allows the screen to constantly
25436
16:02:10,796 --> 16:02:11,796
refresh itself
25437
16:02:12,956 --> 16:02:13,956
allow it to store an electrical state of
25438
16:02:14,880 --> 16:02:15,880
each pixel while the other ones are
25439
16:02:16,640 --> 16:02:17,640
updated that way you're looking a nice
25440
16:02:18,880 --> 16:02:19,880
smooth screen that's going on we talked
25441
16:02:21,276 --> 16:02:22,276
about when we get to crts we'll see
25442
16:02:22,880 --> 16:02:23,880
different technologies that allowed them
25443
16:02:24,400 --> 16:02:25,400
to do that because they refreshed very
25444
16:02:26,160 --> 16:02:27,160
differently
25445
16:02:27,200 --> 16:02:28,200
you don't have to know how all of this
25446
16:02:29,040 --> 16:02:30,040
works the most important thing here
25447
16:02:31,520 --> 16:02:32,520
is really that the backlight
25448
16:02:33,596 --> 16:02:34,596
creates the light which allows all this
25449
16:02:36,000 --> 16:02:37,000
other stuff to come to surface you'll
25450
16:02:38,240 --> 16:02:39,240
also notice here this color filter glass
25451
16:02:41,116 --> 16:02:42,116
creates three it takes three different
25452
16:02:43,116 --> 16:02:44,116
colors and merges them into one pixel
25453
16:02:46,640 --> 16:02:47,640
if you can imagine that this one image
25454
16:02:49,116 --> 16:02:50,116
right here is
25455
16:02:50,480 --> 16:02:51,480
one set of three pixels
25456
16:02:52,320 --> 16:02:53,320
or sorry uh one pixel rather with three
25457
16:02:55,520 --> 16:02:56,520
different colors in it you can imagine
25458
16:02:57,276 --> 16:02:58,276
there are thousands of those on the
25459
16:02:58,640 --> 16:02:59,640
surface so this is a really
25460
16:03:01,520 --> 16:03:02,520
dumbed down view of this
25461
16:03:07,040 --> 16:03:08,040
this cold cathode now most lcds use
25462
16:03:10,640 --> 16:03:11,640
right here
25463
16:03:12,240 --> 16:03:13,240
what's called a cold cathode fluorescent
25464
16:03:14,720 --> 16:03:15,720
light and that's the backlight
25465
16:03:17,200 --> 16:03:18,200
this uses a low amount of power and
25466
16:03:19,276 --> 16:03:20,276
generates a small amount of heat which
25467
16:03:21,276 --> 16:03:22,276
is important especially when we're
25468
16:03:22,720 --> 16:03:23,720
talking about laptops
25469
16:03:24,400 --> 16:03:25,400
it causes little in the way of
25470
16:03:25,756 --> 16:03:26,756
interference in transmissions as you can
25471
16:03:27,436 --> 16:03:28,436
see there is voltage going through this
25472
16:03:29,200 --> 16:03:30,200
which means it's electricity the
25473
16:03:31,040 --> 16:03:32,040
electricity therefore is going to cause
25474
16:03:33,276 --> 16:03:34,276
a certain magnetic field this means this
25475
16:03:36,000 --> 16:03:37,000
backlight is creating very little
25476
16:03:37,916 --> 16:03:38,916
therefore it's not going to disrupt the
25477
16:03:39,436 --> 16:03:40,436
image very much and it won't disrupt the
25478
16:03:41,436 --> 16:03:42,436
other things that are in your computer
25479
16:03:44,000 --> 16:03:45,000
this work well
25480
16:03:45,520 --> 16:03:46,520
these lcd screens especially the active
25481
16:03:48,240 --> 16:03:49,240
the tft active matrix ones
25482
16:03:53,040 --> 16:03:54,040
work well
25483
16:03:55,276 --> 16:03:56,276
with one specific resolution which is
25484
16:03:57,916 --> 16:03:58,916
generally why
25485
16:03:59,520 --> 16:04:00,520
when you buy a laptop it tells you to
25486
16:04:01,596 --> 16:04:02,596
use it at one specific resolution for
25487
16:04:03,360 --> 16:04:04,360
instance maybe 1440x900
25488
16:04:06,000 --> 16:04:07,000
and if you change that resolution it'll
25489
16:04:07,840 --> 16:04:08,840
still work but it's not going to look as
25490
16:04:10,080 --> 16:04:11,080
pristine and as clean
25491
16:04:13,520 --> 16:04:14,520
here are some common resolutions i'm not
25492
16:04:15,756 --> 16:04:16,756
going to go over them we talked about
25493
16:04:17,596 --> 16:04:18,596
them actually when we talked about
25494
16:04:19,040 --> 16:04:20,040
laptops and that's really where they
25495
16:04:20,640 --> 16:04:21,640
belong i just want to review this again
25496
16:04:23,276 --> 16:04:24,276
i haven't gone very much in detail about
25497
16:04:25,200 --> 16:04:26,200
this in fact it might be a little
25498
16:04:26,640 --> 16:04:27,640
confusing that's okay uh the important
25499
16:04:29,596 --> 16:04:30,596
thing here is not to understand the
25500
16:04:31,680 --> 16:04:32,680
intricacies of how an lcd screen work
25501
16:04:34,080 --> 16:04:35,080
that's not the point here a plus is too
25502
16:04:36,320 --> 16:04:37,320
broad for that what i do want you to
25503
16:04:38,240 --> 16:04:39,240
understand is simply that back here this
25504
16:04:40,956 --> 16:04:41,956
backlight uses
25505
16:04:44,000 --> 16:04:45,000
this fluorescent light uses this cold
25506
16:04:46,480 --> 16:04:47,480
cathode fluorescent light and by the way
25507
16:04:48,480 --> 16:04:49,480
catherine tubes are what's going to be
25508
16:04:50,560 --> 16:04:51,560
used in crt monitors the old ones and
25509
16:04:53,520 --> 16:04:54,520
these are liquid crystals that hold a
25510
16:04:56,160 --> 16:04:57,160
certain charge
25511
16:04:57,680 --> 16:04:58,680
and allow
25512
16:04:58,880 --> 16:04:59,880
a color to come through
25513
16:05:04,160 --> 16:05:05,160
now when we're dealing with lcds
25514
16:05:05,756 --> 16:05:06,756
therefore we have two different things
25515
16:05:07,596 --> 16:05:08,596
we can deal with one is uh the contrast
25516
16:05:10,400 --> 16:05:11,400
ratio which could be the comparison
25517
16:05:12,956 --> 16:05:13,956
between the brightest and the darkest
25518
16:05:14,560 --> 16:05:15,560
colors we see this with plasma as well
25519
16:05:18,480 --> 16:05:19,480
how black are the blacks and how wide
25520
16:05:20,480 --> 16:05:21,480
are the whites
25521
16:05:21,680 --> 16:05:22,680
if they're very merged together then
25522
16:05:24,000 --> 16:05:25,000
we're not going to get a very clear
25523
16:05:25,116 --> 16:05:26,116
picture some people complain that the
25524
16:05:27,200 --> 16:05:28,200
black
25525
16:05:28,160 --> 16:05:29,160
blacks are not as black on an lcd
25526
16:05:30,720 --> 16:05:31,720
monitor as they are in a plasma which
25527
16:05:32,080 --> 16:05:33,080
we'll talk about a little bit later the
25528
16:05:34,480 --> 16:05:35,480
higher the contrast ratio therefore the
25529
16:05:37,040 --> 16:05:38,040
better uh percent perceived the better
25530
16:05:40,160 --> 16:05:41,160
perceived the lcd screen is okay so it's
25531
16:05:43,756 --> 16:05:44,756
also going to make it more expensive now
25532
16:05:45,756 --> 16:05:46,756
if you're someone who does a lot of
25533
16:05:46,796 --> 16:05:47,796
graphics uh photoshop
25534
16:05:49,436 --> 16:05:50,436
etc you're gonna want the highest
25535
16:05:51,360 --> 16:05:52,360
contrast ratio possible possible because
25536
16:05:53,596 --> 16:05:54,596
it's gonna give you more colors and more
25537
16:05:55,520 --> 16:05:56,520
depth
25538
16:05:57,840 --> 16:05:58,840
when we clean the displays we wanna make
25539
16:06:00,480 --> 16:06:01,480
sure that the liquid doesn't get between
25540
16:06:02,400 --> 16:06:03,400
the bezel and the screen specifically on
25541
16:06:04,400 --> 16:06:05,400
a laptop
25542
16:06:05,756 --> 16:06:06,756
now you're not going to be able to sort
25543
16:06:07,680 --> 16:06:08,680
of get in and see all those different
25544
16:06:09,596 --> 16:06:10,596
layers that we just saw on a couple of
25545
16:06:11,040 --> 16:06:12,040
screens ago it's not something you ever
25546
16:06:12,720 --> 16:06:13,720
have to worry about but you can imagine
25547
16:06:14,640 --> 16:06:15,640
that water could seep in if you allow it
25548
16:06:17,596 --> 16:06:18,596
to so you need to be careful and not
25549
16:06:19,116 --> 16:06:20,116
allow too much water when when you're
25550
16:06:20,880 --> 16:06:21,880
cleaning a display in fact what you want
25551
16:06:22,640 --> 16:06:23,640
to do is conservatively
25552
16:06:24,720 --> 16:06:25,720
spray whatever the cleaner is onto a
25553
16:06:27,116 --> 16:06:28,116
soft clean
25554
16:06:28,560 --> 16:06:29,560
lint-free cloth this is important
25555
16:06:30,400 --> 16:06:31,400
because if not you're going to get lint
25556
16:06:31,756 --> 16:06:32,756
little bits of lint all over your
25557
16:06:33,360 --> 16:06:34,360
monitor
25558
16:06:34,560 --> 16:06:35,560
and you generally want to use isopropyl
25559
16:06:36,560 --> 16:06:37,560
alcohol diluted with water i think it's
25560
16:06:38,400 --> 16:06:39,400
about 50 percent diluted okay so that's
25561
16:06:41,276 --> 16:06:42,276
something you can also buy specifically
25562
16:06:44,080 --> 16:06:45,080
sheets that are going to let you clean
25563
16:06:45,360 --> 16:06:46,360
it the important thing here is you don't
25564
16:06:46,880 --> 16:06:47,880
spray it onto the monitor you spray it
25565
16:06:48,720 --> 16:06:49,720
onto the lint-free cloth and then you
25566
16:06:50,640 --> 16:06:51,640
wipe the monitor okay and the reason we
25567
16:06:52,400 --> 16:06:53,400
use isopropyl alcohol to lead with water
25568
16:06:54,560 --> 16:06:55,560
is it's going to evaporate quicker and
25569
16:06:56,560 --> 16:06:57,560
it's not going to leave streaks
25570
16:07:00,560 --> 16:07:01,560
so that's a very quick and broad
25571
16:07:02,880 --> 16:07:03,880
overview on liquid crystal displays
25572
16:07:05,360 --> 16:07:06,360
talked about the contrast ratio which is
25573
16:07:07,840 --> 16:07:08,840
specifically how wide are the whites and
25574
16:07:09,520 --> 16:07:10,520
how black are the blacks
25575
16:07:11,200 --> 16:07:12,200
and then cleaning the displays again
25576
16:07:12,880 --> 16:07:13,880
spraying on the lint-free cloth and then
25577
16:07:15,840 --> 16:07:16,840
wiping on the monitor
25578
16:07:17,436 --> 16:07:18,436
so let's look at leds
25579
16:07:19,520 --> 16:07:20,520
now these are leds right here and what
25580
16:07:22,320 --> 16:07:23,320
led stands for is light emitting diodes
25581
16:07:24,560 --> 16:07:25,560
diodes are usually used in a combination
25582
16:07:27,040 --> 16:07:28,040
to display images so you can see here we
25583
16:07:29,276 --> 16:07:30,276
have
25584
16:07:30,160 --> 16:07:31,160
what would generally be called at r
25585
16:07:33,840 --> 16:07:34,840
red yellow and this could be a green or
25586
16:07:36,480 --> 16:07:37,480
blue
25587
16:07:37,756 --> 16:07:38,756
and these combinations allow us to
25588
16:07:39,436 --> 16:07:40,436
create a whole bunch of different
25589
16:07:40,400 --> 16:07:41,400
pictures now leds are also used in this
25590
16:07:43,360 --> 16:07:44,360
format right so if you at the top of a
25591
16:07:45,276 --> 16:07:46,276
bus use leds
25592
16:07:47,276 --> 16:07:48,276
calculators are going to use leds etc so
25593
16:07:49,756 --> 16:07:50,756
they're not only used in monitors
25594
16:07:51,436 --> 16:07:52,436
they're used in these calculators
25595
16:07:52,796 --> 16:07:53,796
screens at sport arenas that are very
25596
16:07:54,796 --> 16:07:55,796
large you're going to use leds and
25597
16:07:56,560 --> 16:07:57,560
that's because if you went up close to
25598
16:07:58,000 --> 16:07:59,000
one of those screens it probably
25599
16:07:59,116 --> 16:08:00,116
wouldn't look very pretty but from far
25600
16:08:01,040 --> 16:08:02,040
away it doesn't matter
25601
16:08:03,200 --> 16:08:04,200
now the way that the led monitors work
25602
16:08:06,320 --> 16:08:07,320
and for home use it's not much different
25603
16:08:09,040 --> 16:08:10,040
from lcds in fact it is an lcd monitor
25604
16:08:12,480 --> 16:08:13,480
it's just that the backlight is
25605
16:08:14,160 --> 16:08:15,160
different instead of using those cold
25606
16:08:16,240 --> 16:08:17,240
cathode fluorescents you're using an led
25607
16:08:19,680 --> 16:08:20,680
and the leds are grouped into small
25608
16:08:22,640 --> 16:08:23,640
triads of red green and blues which then
25609
16:08:25,436 --> 16:08:26,436
shoot out a color or a certain
25610
16:08:26,956 --> 16:08:27,956
combination of colors
25611
16:08:29,756 --> 16:08:30,756
shoot that through the crystal liquid
25612
16:08:32,720 --> 16:08:33,720
up through the polarizing glass
25613
16:08:34,640 --> 16:08:35,640
and that's what creates the image
25614
16:08:37,680 --> 16:08:38,680
so this is referred to as an led backlit
25615
16:08:40,640 --> 16:08:41,640
lcd as opposed to a cc
25616
16:08:44,400 --> 16:08:45,400
fl
25617
16:08:45,436 --> 16:08:46,436
backlit which was the other one we
25618
16:08:47,436 --> 16:08:48,436
talked about so if someone says an led
25619
16:08:49,360 --> 16:08:50,360
monitor they're actually talking about
25620
16:08:50,880 --> 16:08:51,880
an led backlit lcd monitor just a quick
25621
16:08:54,720 --> 16:08:55,720
clarification there
25622
16:08:57,040 --> 16:08:58,040
now organic light emitting diodes are
25623
16:08:59,200 --> 16:09:00,200
somewhat different in this case the or
25624
16:09:02,240 --> 16:09:03,240
um these are organic colored molecules
25625
16:09:04,880 --> 16:09:05,880
as opposed to diodes that are held in
25626
16:09:07,200 --> 16:09:08,200
place between electrodes so we're
25627
16:09:08,640 --> 16:09:09,640
getting a lot smaller here a lot more
25628
16:09:10,400 --> 16:09:11,400
into nanotechnology and stuff it's it's
25629
16:09:12,880 --> 16:09:13,880
um
25630
16:09:13,680 --> 16:09:14,680
beyond sort of my grasp of technology
25631
16:09:16,400 --> 16:09:17,400
but what's really cool about it
25632
16:09:18,400 --> 16:09:19,400
is
25633
16:09:19,756 --> 16:09:20,756
they're extremely small and so much so
25634
16:09:22,240 --> 16:09:23,240
that they can be printed onto any
25635
16:09:24,160 --> 16:09:25,160
substrate meaning any sort of source
25636
16:09:26,956 --> 16:09:27,956
pretty easily look here this is like a
25637
16:09:29,116 --> 16:09:30,116
piece of plastic or flexi and you're
25638
16:09:31,756 --> 16:09:32,756
printing
25639
16:09:32,880 --> 16:09:33,880
a piece of you're printing an oled onto
25640
16:09:35,840 --> 16:09:36,840
it
25641
16:09:36,560 --> 16:09:37,560
this means that you can display images
25642
16:09:38,320 --> 16:09:39,320
on just about any uh any material which
25643
16:09:41,116 --> 16:09:42,116
is pretty exciting
25644
16:09:42,640 --> 16:09:43,640
they're still rather expensive as a
25645
16:09:44,320 --> 16:09:45,320
result and so you're not going to see
25646
16:09:45,520 --> 16:09:46,520
them a lot in the market but you can see
25647
16:09:47,680 --> 16:09:48,680
where we're going with that and what it
25648
16:09:49,200 --> 16:09:50,200
allows us to do
25649
16:09:50,796 --> 16:09:51,796
so we just talked about leds basically
25650
16:09:52,796 --> 16:09:53,796
very small diodes and then organic light
25651
16:09:55,680 --> 16:09:56,680
emitting diodes oleds which is sort of
25652
16:09:57,916 --> 16:09:58,916
the future which is even smaller
25653
16:10:00,480 --> 16:10:01,480
let's talk about plasma which we're not
25654
16:10:02,000 --> 16:10:03,000
going to see so much in
25655
16:10:04,640 --> 16:10:05,640
monitors but more in televisions
25656
16:10:09,276 --> 16:10:10,276
they use small cells that contain
25657
16:10:11,520 --> 16:10:12,520
electrically charged gases which is why
25658
16:10:14,320 --> 16:10:15,320
it's plasma if you're like a star trek
25659
16:10:16,720 --> 16:10:17,720
fan
25660
16:10:17,520 --> 16:10:18,520
you probably know that term right so
25661
16:10:20,080 --> 16:10:21,080
gases it's using the gas it's charging
25662
16:10:22,160 --> 16:10:23,160
the gas in a certain way so it gives off
25663
16:10:24,240 --> 16:10:25,240
a certain image here is a schematic by
25664
16:10:26,880 --> 16:10:27,880
the way
25665
16:10:28,400 --> 16:10:29,400
which is i think a little confusing but
25666
16:10:30,240 --> 16:10:31,240
i wanted to throw that out there so that
25667
16:10:31,916 --> 16:10:32,916
you could see how it was somewhat
25668
16:10:33,680 --> 16:10:34,680
working
25669
16:10:36,160 --> 16:10:37,160
so it uses for instance the same plasma
25670
16:10:38,880 --> 16:10:39,880
gases that are in like fluorescent lamps
25671
16:10:41,360 --> 16:10:42,360
now what it's known for and the reason
25672
16:10:43,116 --> 16:10:44,116
people really liked plasma screens is
25673
16:10:45,276 --> 16:10:46,276
that it had a very the brights were very
25674
16:10:47,520 --> 16:10:48,520
bright and it had low low blacks
25675
16:10:49,680 --> 16:10:50,680
compared to lcds so where the lcd blacks
25676
16:10:52,240 --> 16:10:53,240
were still a little bright the blacks on
25677
16:10:54,480 --> 16:10:55,480
plasmas were supposed to be very very
25678
16:10:56,400 --> 16:10:57,400
dark and gave a nice richness to the
25679
16:10:58,796 --> 16:10:59,796
color nowadays leds have actually grown
25680
16:11:01,520 --> 16:11:02,520
in technology so we don't see so much
25681
16:11:03,596 --> 16:11:04,596
difference and because plasmas give off
25682
16:11:05,276 --> 16:11:06,276
a little more heat and had a little more
25683
16:11:06,956 --> 16:11:07,956
what we're called was called burn-in
25684
16:11:08,720 --> 16:11:09,720
which would be like the a logo sort of
25685
16:11:11,360 --> 16:11:12,360
sticking into the image
25686
16:11:14,560 --> 16:11:15,560
more people are using leds lcds and leds
25687
16:11:17,840 --> 16:11:18,840
nowadays
25688
16:11:19,436 --> 16:11:20,436
it also used a lot higher energy and as
25689
16:11:21,840 --> 16:11:22,840
i said before that caused it to give off
25690
16:11:23,596 --> 16:11:24,596
a lot more power and a lot more heat
25691
16:11:27,116 --> 16:11:28,116
so that's why the led backlit lcds were
25692
16:11:30,880 --> 16:11:31,880
were released they were able to compete
25693
16:11:33,040 --> 16:11:34,040
with plasma as i said the technology has
25694
16:11:35,520 --> 16:11:36,520
gotten a lot better
25695
16:11:38,320 --> 16:11:39,320
cathode ray tubes these are the old
25696
16:11:40,320 --> 16:11:41,320
suckers this is actually the inside of a
25697
16:11:42,480 --> 16:11:43,480
catheter a tube what you don't see
25698
16:11:45,360 --> 16:11:46,360
is
25699
16:11:46,400 --> 16:11:47,400
the casing around it with all the fans
25700
16:11:48,640 --> 16:11:49,640
and stuff
25701
16:11:50,956 --> 16:11:51,956
but this is an older type of monitor
25702
16:11:52,640 --> 16:11:53,640
that used a vacuum tube display just
25703
16:11:54,720 --> 16:11:55,720
like the old uh tvs did
25704
16:11:57,840 --> 16:11:58,840
there were basically guns that shot in a
25705
16:12:01,040 --> 16:12:02,040
red a green or a blue uh
25706
16:12:04,080 --> 16:12:05,080
image onto a screen
25707
16:12:06,560 --> 16:12:07,560
and what they did is they measured this
25708
16:12:08,880 --> 16:12:09,880
in what was called dots per inch
25709
16:12:11,360 --> 16:12:12,360
and you can see here are little triads
25710
16:12:13,276 --> 16:12:14,276
of red green and blue and this is a 21
25711
16:12:15,840 --> 16:12:16,840
inch here's a 17 inch you can see this
25712
16:12:17,436 --> 16:12:18,436
one has a much smaller dots per inch and
25713
16:12:20,720 --> 16:12:21,720
the dots per inch measure how much space
25714
16:12:23,436 --> 16:12:24,436
between each of these so on this one
25715
16:12:25,756 --> 16:12:26,756
you're getting a much finer image
25716
16:12:27,840 --> 16:12:28,840
on this one you're getting a much finer
25717
16:12:29,436 --> 16:12:30,436
image than on this one
25718
16:12:31,916 --> 16:12:32,916
a lower dot pitch meant better crt image
25719
16:12:34,480 --> 16:12:35,480
quality because as i mentioned the
25720
16:12:35,916 --> 16:12:36,916
dryads are much closer together they're
25721
16:12:37,916 --> 16:12:38,916
much tighter and so your image looks a
25722
16:12:39,916 --> 16:12:40,916
lot smoother they used to say used to be
25723
16:12:42,720 --> 16:12:43,720
questions on the exam and they might
25724
16:12:44,000 --> 16:12:45,000
still be on there
25725
16:12:45,596 --> 16:12:46,596
that if someone who is doing a lot of
25726
16:12:47,520 --> 16:12:48,520
graphics editing for instance would want
25727
16:12:49,596 --> 16:12:50,596
a crt because it's going to give them a
25728
16:12:50,956 --> 16:12:51,956
pure display nowadays the technology is
25729
16:12:53,756 --> 16:12:54,756
so old you can't even really buy a crt
25730
16:12:55,916 --> 16:12:56,916
anymore and in fact the technology of
25731
16:12:58,240 --> 16:12:59,240
lcd has gotten better so the image on an
25732
16:13:00,480 --> 16:13:01,480
lcd is now going to be just as good if
25733
16:13:02,320 --> 16:13:03,320
not better than a crt but i do mention
25734
16:13:04,400 --> 16:13:05,400
it because sometimes the a plus exam
25735
16:13:06,480 --> 16:13:07,480
questions are a little out of date
25736
16:13:09,360 --> 16:13:10,360
an important thing to know with the crts
25737
16:13:12,320 --> 16:13:13,320
not only measured in
25738
16:13:15,040 --> 16:13:16,040
pixels but also dots per inch like i
25739
16:13:17,276 --> 16:13:18,276
said
25740
16:13:18,480 --> 16:13:19,480
you never ever ever want to attempt to
25741
16:13:20,796 --> 16:13:21,796
repair a crt this is really important
25742
16:13:23,596 --> 16:13:24,596
there will still be questions about this
25743
16:13:25,200 --> 16:13:26,200
on the exam
25744
16:13:26,400 --> 16:13:27,400
this whole thing
25745
16:13:28,000 --> 16:13:29,000
as i said it carries a huge charge all
25746
16:13:30,720 --> 16:13:31,720
those guns shooting images as a result
25747
16:13:33,276 --> 16:13:34,276
it's basically like a giant battery you
25748
16:13:35,040 --> 16:13:36,040
open this up you hit some metal onto
25749
16:13:37,200 --> 16:13:38,200
this uh your your electrostatic
25750
16:13:41,596 --> 16:13:42,596
um wristband for instance and you are
25751
16:13:44,080 --> 16:13:45,080
going to severely hurt yourself never
25752
16:13:46,480 --> 16:13:47,480
attempt to repair a crt the other thing
25753
16:13:48,956 --> 16:13:49,956
is always carry the crt with the screen
25754
16:13:51,840 --> 16:13:52,840
facing your stomach this way nothing can
25755
16:13:54,160 --> 16:13:55,160
slam into that crt it also is because if
25756
16:13:56,880 --> 16:13:57,880
you look at how this is this is the
25757
16:13:58,320 --> 16:13:59,320
screen right here right
25758
16:14:00,320 --> 16:14:01,320
you can see that's where all the the
25759
16:14:02,480 --> 16:14:03,480
heft is and so you want the heft towards
25760
16:14:04,640 --> 16:14:05,640
your body not away from it
25761
16:14:07,200 --> 16:14:08,200
the other thing is again with crts i
25762
16:14:08,956 --> 16:14:09,956
just want to mention this because i see
25763
16:14:10,240 --> 16:14:11,240
it is they can be de-gauzed it creates
25764
16:14:13,596 --> 16:14:14,596
a magnetic uh all this electronics
25765
16:14:15,680 --> 16:14:16,680
creates a magnetic field that can start
25766
16:14:17,596 --> 16:14:18,596
to discolor some of the screen using the
25767
16:14:20,400 --> 16:14:21,400
gauze button is what you're going to use
25768
16:14:22,160 --> 16:14:23,160
to
25769
16:14:23,040 --> 16:14:24,040
reset that magnetic field and allow the
25770
16:14:25,436 --> 16:14:26,436
screen to
25771
16:14:27,276 --> 16:14:28,276
not be stuck with certain colors or
25772
16:14:29,520 --> 16:14:30,520
certain images on the screen
25773
16:14:32,320 --> 16:14:33,320
finally projectors
25774
16:14:34,160 --> 16:14:35,160
they're plugged into a computer's
25775
16:14:35,680 --> 16:14:36,680
external video port and they require
25776
16:14:37,756 --> 16:14:38,756
that you have a display to be a
25777
16:14:40,400 --> 16:14:41,400
flat surface to project onto generally
25778
16:14:43,520 --> 16:14:44,520
speaking these are used with
25779
16:14:45,116 --> 16:14:46,116
presentations and the way it works is
25780
16:14:47,200 --> 16:14:48,200
there's a very bright bulb inside of
25781
16:14:49,520 --> 16:14:50,520
this unit that's spraying out and
25782
16:14:51,756 --> 16:14:52,756
allowing that image to
25783
16:14:53,916 --> 16:14:54,916
project just like the led backlight in a
25784
16:14:57,756 --> 16:14:58,756
monitor
25785
16:14:59,596 --> 16:15:00,596
these are measured in lumens by the way
25786
16:15:02,320 --> 16:15:03,320
the more lumens the
25787
16:15:04,640 --> 16:15:05,640
brighter your image so sometimes you
25788
16:15:07,040 --> 16:15:08,040
have pico projectors nowadays you might
25789
16:15:09,596 --> 16:15:10,596
have heard this term
25790
16:15:11,040 --> 16:15:12,040
pico projector these are really tiny
25791
16:15:13,116 --> 16:15:14,116
projectors maybe the size of like a
25792
16:15:14,956 --> 16:15:15,956
smartphone you can carry around in your
25793
16:15:16,480 --> 16:15:17,480
pocket and then you can project the
25794
16:15:18,320 --> 16:15:19,320
problem is they're really low on lumens
25795
16:15:20,796 --> 16:15:21,796
so unless the room is very dark and the
25796
16:15:23,116 --> 16:15:24,116
projector is very close to the wall
25797
16:15:24,880 --> 16:15:25,880
you're not going to get a very clear
25798
16:15:26,080 --> 16:15:27,080
image
25799
16:15:27,680 --> 16:15:28,680
these are commonly used for
25800
16:15:28,956 --> 16:15:29,956
presentations and for teaching and we
25801
16:15:30,720 --> 16:15:31,720
see them a lot in business and what you
25802
16:15:33,116 --> 16:15:34,116
want to be aware of here is that most
25803
16:15:34,796 --> 16:15:35,796
the time you're going to be plugging
25804
16:15:35,756 --> 16:15:36,756
these up with
25805
16:15:37,360 --> 16:15:38,360
a laptop that someone brings in and you
25806
16:15:39,520 --> 16:15:40,520
want to make sure you're aware because
25807
16:15:40,880 --> 16:15:41,880
this is the question that i see pop up
25808
16:15:42,160 --> 16:15:43,160
on the test of that toggle button on the
25809
16:15:44,720 --> 16:15:45,720
laptop okay so you can toggle back and
25810
16:15:47,680 --> 16:15:48,680
forth between the monitor
25811
16:15:49,520 --> 16:15:50,520
and the
25812
16:15:51,520 --> 16:15:52,520
between the monitor on the laptop and
25813
16:15:53,116 --> 16:15:54,116
the projector using a toggle button on
25814
16:15:55,436 --> 16:15:56,436
the laptop
25815
16:15:59,436 --> 16:16:00,436
so we've now talked about plasma screen
25816
16:16:01,840 --> 16:16:02,840
tvs cathode ray tubes and projectors
25817
16:16:04,720 --> 16:16:05,720
let's just review some of the pertinent
25818
16:16:06,160 --> 16:16:07,160
points here lcd screens generally use
25819
16:16:09,360 --> 16:16:10,360
that ccfl backlight
25820
16:16:11,916 --> 16:16:12,916
okay
25821
16:16:12,956 --> 16:16:13,956
they have a liquid crystal solution
25822
16:16:16,000 --> 16:16:17,000
that's basically charging a certain
25823
16:16:18,240 --> 16:16:19,240
amount of the electrons and stuff in
25824
16:16:20,240 --> 16:16:21,240
there and creating the image that's
25825
16:16:22,000 --> 16:16:23,000
coming out
25826
16:16:23,116 --> 16:16:24,116
the backlight allows that image to come
25827
16:16:25,840 --> 16:16:26,840
forth onto the screen we can still have
25828
16:16:28,080 --> 16:16:29,080
the image without the backlight just
25829
16:16:29,360 --> 16:16:30,360
like we talked about with a laptop but
25830
16:16:30,880 --> 16:16:31,880
if that backlight goes out you're not
25831
16:16:32,480 --> 16:16:33,480
going to see anything
25832
16:16:34,880 --> 16:16:35,880
the contrast ratio is how black are the
25833
16:16:36,796 --> 16:16:37,796
blacks how wide are the whites some
25834
16:16:38,640 --> 16:16:39,640
people will argue that plasma had a
25835
16:16:40,880 --> 16:16:41,880
better contrast ratio and that's why
25836
16:16:43,116 --> 16:16:44,116
leds came around
25837
16:16:45,200 --> 16:16:46,200
the cleaning displays remember we're
25838
16:16:46,560 --> 16:16:47,560
going to spray
25839
16:16:48,080 --> 16:16:49,080
onto
25840
16:16:51,040 --> 16:16:52,040
a cloth
25841
16:16:54,000 --> 16:16:55,000
not the screen itself
25842
16:16:57,756 --> 16:16:58,756
leds light emitting diode monitors that
25843
16:17:00,480 --> 16:17:01,480
is basically led
25844
16:17:02,880 --> 16:17:03,880
backlit
25845
16:17:05,840 --> 16:17:06,840
lcds
25846
16:17:07,360 --> 16:17:08,360
okay so instead of there being a ccfl
25847
16:17:10,480 --> 16:17:11,480
backlighting you're actually having an
25848
16:17:12,000 --> 16:17:13,000
led that's doing the backlighting
25849
16:17:14,080 --> 16:17:15,080
organic light emitting diodes these can
25850
16:17:16,956 --> 16:17:17,956
be printed on any substrate and this is
25851
16:17:19,680 --> 16:17:20,680
generally
25852
16:17:21,840 --> 16:17:22,840
where the technology is going
25853
16:17:24,240 --> 16:17:25,240
so i could start to make monitors that
25854
16:17:26,160 --> 16:17:27,160
are
25855
16:17:26,880 --> 16:17:27,880
very thin
25856
16:17:28,480 --> 16:17:29,480
and they're probably using this already
25857
16:17:30,160 --> 16:17:31,160
in certain smartphone applications
25858
16:17:32,240 --> 16:17:33,240
plasma screen tvs generally in tvs not
25859
16:17:35,840 --> 16:17:36,840
monitors some people argue that it was
25860
16:17:38,956 --> 16:17:39,956
offered a better contrast
25861
16:17:42,320 --> 16:17:43,320
but that again
25862
16:17:43,680 --> 16:17:44,680
is why
25863
16:17:44,880 --> 16:17:45,880
oops and that again is why the leds uh
25864
16:17:48,240 --> 16:17:49,240
were brought around cathode ray tubes
25865
16:17:50,480 --> 16:17:51,480
these are the old monitors we don't see
25866
16:17:52,480 --> 16:17:53,480
them a lot anymore you want to remember
25867
16:17:54,160 --> 16:17:55,160
a couple things when it comes to this
25868
16:17:56,080 --> 16:17:57,080
one is de-gauzing the monitor which
25869
16:17:58,400 --> 16:17:59,400
we'll talk about again
25870
16:18:00,640 --> 16:18:01,640
you also want to remember never
25871
16:18:02,956 --> 16:18:03,956
fix these yourself
25872
16:18:07,596 --> 16:18:08,596
okay
25873
16:18:08,956 --> 16:18:09,956
finally a projector
25874
16:18:10,880 --> 16:18:11,880
lumens
25875
16:18:12,560 --> 16:18:13,560
is how the brightness is measured
25876
16:18:14,796 --> 16:18:15,796
and when you're using with a laptop
25877
16:18:17,436 --> 16:18:18,436
be aware of the toggle button
25878
16:18:25,276 --> 16:18:26,276
great
25879
16:18:26,400 --> 16:18:27,400
now let's finish up our discussion on
25880
16:18:28,320 --> 16:18:29,320
displays with a talk about some of the
25881
16:18:30,480 --> 16:18:31,480
settings that you can set in windows for
25882
16:18:32,720 --> 16:18:33,720
a display
25883
16:18:36,990 --> 16:18:37,990
[Music]
25884
16:18:57,436 --> 16:18:58,436
video
25885
16:18:58,560 --> 16:18:59,560
video settings
25886
16:19:00,400 --> 16:19:01,400
we've now discussed all the hardware
25887
16:19:01,916 --> 16:19:02,916
that goes into the video subsystem all
25888
16:19:04,480 --> 16:19:05,480
the installation and troubleshooting
25889
16:19:06,160 --> 16:19:07,160
steps you're going to take and we looked
25890
16:19:08,160 --> 16:19:09,160
at the displays the monitors and the
25891
16:19:10,240 --> 16:19:11,240
projectors that allow you to see the
25892
16:19:12,000 --> 16:19:13,000
image that the graphics card is putting
25893
16:19:13,680 --> 16:19:14,680
out so now let's talk about how the
25894
16:19:15,916 --> 16:19:16,916
video interfaces with the operating
25895
16:19:18,320 --> 16:19:19,320
system specifically certain settings
25896
16:19:20,720 --> 16:19:21,720
that you you can change and set and also
25897
16:19:23,436 --> 16:19:24,436
some other settings you can set in the
25898
16:19:24,956 --> 16:19:25,956
monitor
25899
16:19:26,080 --> 16:19:27,080
so we're going to look at
25900
16:19:27,680 --> 16:19:28,680
video drivers which allow the operating
25901
16:19:30,320 --> 16:19:31,320
system to communicate with the graphics
25902
16:19:32,840 --> 16:19:33,840
card color depth which uh tells how how
25903
16:19:37,116 --> 16:19:38,116
rich the color is on the that is
25904
16:19:39,200 --> 16:19:40,200
displayed
25905
16:19:40,240 --> 16:19:41,240
the resolution how many pixels uh and
25906
16:19:43,040 --> 16:19:44,040
how fine of an image it is
25907
16:19:45,756 --> 16:19:46,756
the aspect ratio which is specifically
25908
16:19:48,640 --> 16:19:49,640
like full screen versus widescreen if
25909
16:19:50,480 --> 16:19:51,480
we're talking about films or movies
25910
16:19:53,840 --> 16:19:54,840
refresh rate which is how often the
25911
16:19:56,080 --> 16:19:57,080
image gets refreshed or painted onto the
25912
16:19:58,160 --> 16:19:59,160
screen
25913
16:19:59,360 --> 16:20:00,360
the osd which is on screen diagnostics
25914
16:20:02,796 --> 16:20:03,796
menu which allows you to
25915
16:20:05,520 --> 16:20:06,520
set different things on the monitor
25916
16:20:07,520 --> 16:20:08,520
directly specifically like brightness
25917
16:20:09,436 --> 16:20:10,436
contrast distortion etc
25918
16:20:12,240 --> 16:20:13,240
we're going to look at a specific
25919
16:20:13,436 --> 16:20:14,436
feature called degaussing which i talked
25920
16:20:15,040 --> 16:20:16,040
about when we talked about crts i want
25921
16:20:16,956 --> 16:20:17,956
to point it out again because it's a
25922
16:20:18,240 --> 16:20:19,240
little odd and i always see it pop up on
25923
16:20:20,240 --> 16:20:21,240
the test
25924
16:20:21,916 --> 16:20:22,916
and multiple monitors using more than
25925
16:20:23,916 --> 16:20:24,916
one monitor which can also be called
25926
16:20:26,000 --> 16:20:27,000
dual view when we're talking about
25927
16:20:27,680 --> 16:20:28,680
laptops
25928
16:20:30,000 --> 16:20:31,000
let's talk about video drivers
25929
16:20:32,640 --> 16:20:33,640
the driver lets the operating system
25930
16:20:35,360 --> 16:20:36,360
communicate with the actual device as
25931
16:20:37,116 --> 16:20:38,116
we've discussed it simplifies therefore
25932
16:20:40,400 --> 16:20:41,400
the amount of work that an application
25933
16:20:42,480 --> 16:20:43,480
needs to do because the driver acts as a
25934
16:20:45,040 --> 16:20:46,040
go between for the application and the
25935
16:20:47,200 --> 16:20:48,200
device in other words it's sort of a
25936
16:20:48,880 --> 16:20:49,880
universal translator and it takes a lot
25937
16:20:51,276 --> 16:20:52,276
of the pressure off of the application
25938
16:20:53,276 --> 16:20:54,276
to have to translate directly to the
25939
16:20:55,916 --> 16:20:56,916
device itself by allowing the driver to
25940
16:20:58,320 --> 16:20:59,320
universally do that through the
25941
16:20:59,840 --> 16:21:00,840
operating system
25942
16:21:01,520 --> 16:21:02,520
this is uh especially for video and
25943
16:21:04,400 --> 16:21:05,400
graphics cards
25944
16:21:06,080 --> 16:21:07,080
you want to use the manufacturer's
25945
16:21:08,160 --> 16:21:09,160
driver if we look over here and i have
25946
16:21:10,080 --> 16:21:11,080
just an image of all of the devices on a
25947
16:21:12,560 --> 16:21:13,560
computer for instance
25948
16:21:14,640 --> 16:21:15,640
floppy disks dvds etc
25949
16:21:17,360 --> 16:21:18,360
some of these it doesn't matter if
25950
16:21:18,796 --> 16:21:19,796
windows uses a generic driver but when
25951
16:21:21,360 --> 16:21:22,360
it comes to display adapters
25952
16:21:23,756 --> 16:21:24,756
specifically
25953
16:21:25,116 --> 16:21:26,116
we want to make sure that we're using
25954
16:21:27,360 --> 16:21:28,360
the driver
25955
16:21:28,640 --> 16:21:29,640
that comes with the graphics card we're
25956
16:21:30,720 --> 16:21:31,720
using now sometimes uh this is built
25957
16:21:32,720 --> 16:21:33,720
onto the motherboard that's easy sort of
25958
16:21:34,480 --> 16:21:35,480
comes with installed for you or it comes
25959
16:21:37,116 --> 16:21:38,116
on a cd from the manufacturer but if you
25960
16:21:39,360 --> 16:21:40,360
buy an additional graphics card you want
25961
16:21:41,116 --> 16:21:42,116
to make sure to use the graphics driver
25962
16:21:43,116 --> 16:21:44,116
that goes specifically with that
25963
16:21:46,000 --> 16:21:47,000
with your graphics card
25964
16:21:50,000 --> 16:21:51,000
where you're going to get this is
25965
16:21:50,880 --> 16:21:51,880
generally off of the internet off the
25966
16:21:52,480 --> 16:21:53,480
manufacturer's website and you need to
25967
16:21:55,116 --> 16:21:56,116
make sure that your operating system
25968
16:21:57,360 --> 16:21:58,360
supports the graphics card for instance
25969
16:21:59,680 --> 16:22:00,680
your windows
25970
16:22:01,040 --> 16:22:02,040
8 let's say you upgrade to windows 8 and
25971
16:22:03,520 --> 16:22:04,520
the manufacturer has not released a
25972
16:22:05,200 --> 16:22:06,200
driver or is not going to release a
25973
16:22:07,116 --> 16:22:08,116
driver for windows 8 you're going to be
25974
16:22:09,436 --> 16:22:10,436
in trouble and i just wanted to point
25975
16:22:11,200 --> 16:22:12,200
out over here this is the device manager
25976
16:22:13,116 --> 16:22:14,116
which we've seen
25977
16:22:14,480 --> 16:22:15,480
when we were talking about windows and i
25978
16:22:16,640 --> 16:22:17,640
just opened up
25979
16:22:18,796 --> 16:22:19,796
the device drivers for the display
25980
16:22:21,596 --> 16:22:22,596
adapter which is what it's called here
25981
16:22:23,276 --> 16:22:24,276
in the device dr uh in the device
25982
16:22:25,360 --> 16:22:26,360
manager and you can see here's where you
25983
16:22:27,680 --> 16:22:28,680
could roll back the driver
25984
16:22:29,756 --> 16:22:30,756
disable the driver uh be careful here if
25985
16:22:32,080 --> 16:22:33,080
you were to disable or uninstall the
25986
16:22:33,520 --> 16:22:34,520
driver for the video card you wouldn't
25987
16:22:34,880 --> 16:22:35,880
be unable to see anything and you would
25988
16:22:37,436 --> 16:22:38,436
then not be able to even load up a
25989
16:22:39,756 --> 16:22:40,756
generic driver and you probably have to
25990
16:22:41,276 --> 16:22:42,276
boot into safe mode or vga mode
25991
16:22:45,360 --> 16:22:46,360
finally
25992
16:22:46,560 --> 16:22:47,560
you need to make sure like i just
25993
16:22:48,320 --> 16:22:49,320
mentioned that a driver is available for
25994
16:22:51,680 --> 16:22:52,680
the graphics card not only is the
25995
16:22:53,276 --> 16:22:54,276
graphics card um compatible with the
25996
16:22:56,956 --> 16:22:57,956
operating system sometimes by the way it
25997
16:22:59,436 --> 16:23:00,436
says it's not compatible and it still
25998
16:23:01,116 --> 16:23:02,116
works you can use an old driver say a
25999
16:23:02,720 --> 16:23:03,720
windows 7 driver on a windows 8 machine
26000
16:23:05,840 --> 16:23:06,840
not recommended but sometimes that's
26001
16:23:07,756 --> 16:23:08,756
sort of your last
26002
16:23:09,116 --> 16:23:10,116
last ditch attempt
26003
16:23:14,000 --> 16:23:15,000
all right color depth
26004
16:23:16,480 --> 16:23:17,480
this describes the amount of bits that
26005
16:23:18,880 --> 16:23:19,880
represent the color that you're seeing
26006
16:23:22,000 --> 16:23:23,000
if you hear of one bit that's known as
26007
16:23:23,916 --> 16:23:24,916
monochrome black and white that's not a
26008
16:23:26,000 --> 16:23:27,000
lot of color
26009
16:23:27,200 --> 16:23:28,200
8-bit color is a very blocky color you
26010
16:23:29,520 --> 16:23:30,520
don't get a very wide representation
26011
16:23:31,520 --> 16:23:32,520
you're not seeing a lot of um
26012
16:23:34,320 --> 16:23:35,320
uh you're not seeing a lot of like depth
26013
16:23:37,040 --> 16:23:38,040
in the color there's not a lot of
26014
16:23:38,240 --> 16:23:39,240
variation it's very simple this is
26015
16:23:40,160 --> 16:23:41,160
what's used in vga mode uh when you boot
26016
16:23:42,720 --> 16:23:43,720
from that advanced boot menu by pressing
26017
16:23:45,276 --> 16:23:46,276
f8
26018
16:23:48,560 --> 16:23:49,560
and that is the reason it uses that is
26019
16:23:50,956 --> 16:23:51,956
because it's so simple most of the time
26020
16:23:52,796 --> 16:23:53,796
you're going to use 16 bits which is
26021
16:23:54,880 --> 16:23:55,880
usually enough for most users if you're
26022
16:23:56,796 --> 16:23:57,796
really advanced users they're probably
26023
16:23:58,720 --> 16:23:59,720
going to want 32 bits of color and here
26024
16:24:01,680 --> 16:24:02,680
you can see these are all this is
26025
16:24:03,756 --> 16:24:04,756
actually set to 32 bits of color
26026
16:24:06,160 --> 16:24:07,160
the way i got here is again going into
26027
16:24:09,116 --> 16:24:10,116
the control panel going to display and
26028
16:24:12,640 --> 16:24:13,640
then going into the properties for
26029
16:24:15,756 --> 16:24:16,756
my graphics card and on the
26030
16:24:18,880 --> 16:24:19,880
adapter menu pressing the properties
26031
16:24:21,360 --> 16:24:22,360
button this
26032
16:24:22,720 --> 16:24:23,720
differs depending on what
26033
16:24:24,880 --> 16:24:25,880
um operating system you're working on
26034
16:24:27,436 --> 16:24:28,436
but always when you get into this
26035
16:24:29,436 --> 16:24:30,436
adapter properties it's going to be here
26036
16:24:31,840 --> 16:24:32,840
in the adapter type properties menu okay
26037
16:24:34,560 --> 16:24:35,560
not under color management which is a
26038
16:24:37,596 --> 16:24:38,596
bit of a
26039
16:24:39,040 --> 16:24:40,040
color management actually talks about
26040
16:24:41,680 --> 16:24:42,680
what red what is red what kind of red am
26041
16:24:45,040 --> 16:24:46,040
i looking at uh that's going to get more
26042
16:24:47,116 --> 16:24:48,116
for graphic designers people who want to
26043
16:24:49,680 --> 16:24:50,680
match up the colors that they're
26044
16:24:51,200 --> 16:24:52,200
printing onto the colors they're seeing
26045
16:24:53,116 --> 16:24:54,116
on their monitor like adobe etc you
26046
16:24:55,680 --> 16:24:56,680
don't need to worry about that okay what
26047
16:24:57,680 --> 16:24:58,680
we're looking at is the bits of color
26048
16:25:00,320 --> 16:25:01,320
how deep it is and again that's here in
26049
16:25:02,400 --> 16:25:03,400
this modes
26050
16:25:03,916 --> 16:25:04,916
and if we were to scroll this up or down
26051
16:25:06,720 --> 16:25:07,720
we would be able to see a 16 bits color
26052
16:25:09,360 --> 16:25:10,360
8 bit color etc again you're generally
26053
16:25:11,840 --> 16:25:12,840
going to run it at least 16 or 32 bits
26054
16:25:14,240 --> 16:25:15,240
in order to get a nice depth of color
26055
16:25:16,640 --> 16:25:17,640
that's going to look good to you which
26056
16:25:19,040 --> 16:25:20,040
is important now with windows 8 windows
26057
16:25:21,116 --> 16:25:22,116
7 and these advanced graphics that they
26058
16:25:23,040 --> 16:25:24,040
come with
26059
16:25:24,720 --> 16:25:25,720
as i mentioned you can alter the color
26060
16:25:26,400 --> 16:25:27,400
depth in the display properties windows
26061
16:25:28,720 --> 16:25:29,720
easiest way to always get to display
26062
16:25:30,400 --> 16:25:31,400
properties windows by the way right
26063
16:25:32,160 --> 16:25:33,160
click on the desktop either choose
26064
16:25:34,000 --> 16:25:35,000
personalize or properties or resolution
26065
16:25:37,116 --> 16:25:38,116
or one of these alternatively go in
26066
16:25:39,360 --> 16:25:40,360
through the control panel find display
26067
16:25:41,116 --> 16:25:42,116
properties and there you have it
26068
16:25:44,796 --> 16:25:45,796
resolution
26069
16:25:46,480 --> 16:25:47,480
is different from color so we have color
26070
16:25:48,560 --> 16:25:49,560
that has to do with
26071
16:25:50,480 --> 16:25:51,480
you know reds blues etc
26072
16:25:53,116 --> 16:25:54,116
the pixels how fine that image is is the
26073
16:25:55,520 --> 16:25:56,520
resolution we've talked about this um it
26074
16:25:58,160 --> 16:25:59,160
is measured in the horizontal by a
26075
16:26:00,160 --> 16:26:01,160
vertical measurement you can see all
26076
16:26:03,200 --> 16:26:04,200
that was a terrible line you can see all
26077
16:26:05,520 --> 16:26:06,520
of the
26078
16:26:06,560 --> 16:26:07,560
resolutions here that this monitor is
26079
16:26:09,200 --> 16:26:10,200
allowing which is a lot
26080
16:26:10,880 --> 16:26:11,880
um generally most aren't going to allow
26081
16:26:12,796 --> 16:26:13,796
this many it's currently set at 1440 by
26082
16:26:15,436 --> 16:26:16,436
900 i can make a higher resolution which
26083
16:26:18,320 --> 16:26:19,320
would make it a finer image
26084
16:26:21,436 --> 16:26:22,436
would cost my
26085
16:26:23,360 --> 16:26:24,360
resources more but would give me a much
26086
16:26:25,520 --> 16:26:26,520
purer image or i can go a lot larger
26087
16:26:28,720 --> 16:26:29,720
which is going to give me a bulkier
26088
16:26:30,560 --> 16:26:31,560
image okay the more pixels that are used
26089
16:26:33,680 --> 16:26:34,680
the more a user can display if you think
26090
16:26:35,520 --> 16:26:36,520
about it it makes sense if i have a
26091
16:26:37,040 --> 16:26:38,040
window the window still has the same
26092
16:26:39,360 --> 16:26:40,360
amount of pixels what i'm doing though
26093
16:26:41,436 --> 16:26:42,436
is by increasing
26094
16:26:43,680 --> 16:26:44,680
the resolution i'm allowing myself to
26095
16:26:46,560 --> 16:26:47,560
fit uh
26096
16:26:48,796 --> 16:26:49,796
more and less space okay and that's why
26097
16:26:51,916 --> 16:26:52,916
it looks like if i increase the
26098
16:26:53,756 --> 16:26:54,756
resolution on a monitor that i have more
26099
16:26:55,840 --> 16:26:56,840
space in fact you don't have more space
26100
16:26:57,596 --> 16:26:58,596
the monitor remains the same what it
26101
16:26:59,596 --> 16:27:00,596
does though is it allows you to put
26102
16:27:02,560 --> 16:27:03,560
more and less space because it needs
26103
16:27:04,240 --> 16:27:05,240
less pixels in order to accomplish what
26104
16:27:06,240 --> 16:27:07,240
it needs to accomplish
26105
16:27:07,840 --> 16:27:08,840
the way to get here again just like with
26106
16:27:09,520 --> 16:27:10,520
the other one right click on the desktop
26107
16:27:11,596 --> 16:27:12,596
if it's you're an xp you're going to
26108
16:27:12,880 --> 16:27:13,880
choose properties if you're in vista
26109
16:27:15,040 --> 16:27:16,040
you're going to choose personalize and
26110
16:27:16,400 --> 16:27:17,400
when we get to windows 7 they knew that
26111
16:27:18,400 --> 16:27:19,400
people were going to adjust their
26112
16:27:19,916 --> 16:27:20,916
resolution and so they allow you to
26113
16:27:22,000 --> 16:27:23,000
directly
26114
16:27:24,480 --> 16:27:25,480
set resolution right there
26115
16:27:29,680 --> 16:27:30,680
if it's set incorrectly so if you set it
26116
16:27:31,680 --> 16:27:32,680
if you set one of these it's generally
26117
16:27:33,276 --> 16:27:34,276
not going to let you set it incorrectly
26118
16:27:34,720 --> 16:27:35,720
but if you set it incorrectly uh it
26119
16:27:37,040 --> 16:27:38,040
might not appear the image might no
26120
16:27:38,720 --> 16:27:39,720
longer appear or you're going to get a
26121
16:27:40,160 --> 16:27:41,160
really wonky image for instance going to
26122
16:27:42,160 --> 16:27:43,160
be too wide or it's going to be looks
26123
16:27:44,640 --> 16:27:45,640
stretched or it's going to look squished
26124
16:27:47,040 --> 16:27:48,040
okay so it's important to choose a
26125
16:27:49,680 --> 16:27:50,680
resolution that fits your monitor and as
26126
16:27:51,916 --> 16:27:52,916
we've mentioned when we talked about
26127
16:27:52,956 --> 16:27:53,956
monitors a lot of monitors are set to
26128
16:27:54,880 --> 16:27:55,880
work with specific resolutions
26129
16:27:58,400 --> 16:27:59,400
the aspect ratio is directly related to
26130
16:28:01,436 --> 16:28:02,436
the resolution this is the width of the
26131
16:28:04,000 --> 16:28:05,000
image divided by its height for instance
26132
16:28:06,640 --> 16:28:07,640
if the resolution is 1024 by 768 and
26133
16:28:10,720 --> 16:28:11,720
remember that's width and that's height
26134
16:28:12,956 --> 16:28:13,956
right if i divided these
26135
16:28:15,040 --> 16:28:16,040
i would get an aspect ratio of 1.33
26136
16:28:18,160 --> 16:28:19,160
which
26137
16:28:19,436 --> 16:28:20,436
is a four to three aspect ratio right
26138
16:28:22,880 --> 16:28:23,880
here okay that's full screen so an old
26139
16:28:25,916 --> 16:28:26,916
tv from 10 years ago that had a full
26140
16:28:28,160 --> 16:28:29,160
screen aspect ratio nowadays you'd be
26141
16:28:30,880 --> 16:28:31,880
hard-pressed to find a monitor or a tv
26142
16:28:33,840 --> 16:28:34,840
that's not widescreen and widescreen is
26143
16:28:36,400 --> 16:28:37,400
usually a 16 to 9 or a 16 to 10 aspect
26144
16:28:40,720 --> 16:28:41,720
ratio
26145
16:28:42,796 --> 16:28:43,796
uh so as i just mentioned they're mostly
26146
16:28:44,480 --> 16:28:45,480
widescreen 16x9 or 16x10 and the reason
26147
16:28:47,200 --> 16:28:48,200
they're doing this is really for movies
26148
16:28:50,400 --> 16:28:51,400
um most films nowadays are coming out in
26149
16:28:52,956 --> 16:28:53,956
this you get a wider image as opposed to
26150
16:28:56,160 --> 16:28:57,160
a taller squatter image that's why a lot
26151
16:28:58,720 --> 16:28:59,720
of movies do it instead of being able to
26152
16:29:00,400 --> 16:29:01,400
fit one person in the frame they can fit
26153
16:29:02,796 --> 16:29:03,796
three it's sort of the same thing on a
26154
16:29:04,720 --> 16:29:05,720
computer instead of being able to fit
26155
16:29:06,480 --> 16:29:07,480
one
26156
16:29:07,520 --> 16:29:08,520
square window you can fit three
26157
16:29:09,520 --> 16:29:10,520
rectangular windows
26158
16:29:11,756 --> 16:29:12,756
again you have to choose a resolution
26159
16:29:13,840 --> 16:29:14,840
that fits the monitor's aspect ratio or
26160
16:29:16,000 --> 16:29:17,000
it's going to appear odd you have a full
26161
16:29:17,756 --> 16:29:18,756
screen monitor and you choose a wide
26162
16:29:19,520 --> 16:29:20,520
screen aspect ratio it's going to be
26163
16:29:21,360 --> 16:29:22,360
weird you ever tried converting video
26164
16:29:23,360 --> 16:29:24,360
for instance or
26165
16:29:25,520 --> 16:29:26,520
you tried uh
26166
16:29:27,680 --> 16:29:28,680
watching for instance a full screen
26167
16:29:29,916 --> 16:29:30,916
movie on your widescreen television
26168
16:29:32,400 --> 16:29:33,400
you'll notice it puts up little black
26169
16:29:33,916 --> 16:29:34,916
bars on the sides if you tell it to fill
26170
16:29:37,200 --> 16:29:38,200
the screen it stretches it out and all
26171
16:29:39,040 --> 16:29:40,040
the faces and everyone looks
26172
16:29:41,916 --> 16:29:42,916
stretched so it doesn't fit correctly
26173
16:29:44,400 --> 16:29:45,400
and you don't really want to do that
26174
16:29:45,840 --> 16:29:46,840
nowadays especially because of how large
26175
16:29:47,916 --> 16:29:48,916
monitors have become
26176
16:29:50,480 --> 16:29:51,480
the refresh rate has to do with how many
26177
16:29:53,200 --> 16:29:54,200
times the display is painted per a
26178
16:29:55,520 --> 16:29:56,520
second
26179
16:29:56,400 --> 16:29:57,400
this means that
26180
16:29:58,240 --> 16:29:59,240
it's generally really known as the
26181
16:30:00,000 --> 16:30:01,000
vertical refresh rate and the reason for
26182
16:30:01,436 --> 16:30:02,436
that is because of crts which we'll talk
26183
16:30:03,200 --> 16:30:04,200
about on a crt
26184
16:30:06,160 --> 16:30:07,160
the horizontal lines are painted one at
26185
16:30:08,000 --> 16:30:09,000
a time from the top to the bottom that's
26186
16:30:10,080 --> 16:30:11,080
why it's vertical refresh rate right so
26187
16:30:13,200 --> 16:30:14,200
basically your lines are drawn from the
26188
16:30:15,916 --> 16:30:16,916
top to the bottom like this and then it
26189
16:30:18,640 --> 16:30:19,640
goes back and it does it again and so it
26190
16:30:21,200 --> 16:30:22,200
works its way down okay and that's the
26191
16:30:23,436 --> 16:30:24,436
refresh rate and once it's been
26192
16:30:26,000 --> 16:30:27,000
done this once that's one refresh now
26193
16:30:27,840 --> 16:30:28,840
this happens constantly and very fast
26194
16:30:30,080 --> 16:30:31,080
and it's measured
26195
16:30:31,680 --> 16:30:32,680
generally 60 times per second which is
26196
16:30:34,000 --> 16:30:35,000
measured in hertz so generally this
26197
16:30:35,436 --> 16:30:36,436
happens at 60 hertz
26198
16:30:37,200 --> 16:30:38,200
now
26199
16:30:38,000 --> 16:30:39,000
if a lot of new tvs lcds for instance it
26200
16:30:41,436 --> 16:30:42,436
works a little different
26201
16:30:43,436 --> 16:30:44,436
instead of painting what's happening is
26202
16:30:45,596 --> 16:30:46,596
the crystal material is illuminated
26203
16:30:48,240 --> 16:30:49,240
instead of being painted so there's no
26204
16:30:50,160 --> 16:30:51,160
flicker if you ever
26205
16:30:51,916 --> 16:30:52,916
videotaped for instance
26206
16:30:53,756 --> 16:30:54,756
a crt monitor you would see the lines
26207
16:30:56,636 --> 16:30:57,636
nowadays with lcds you don't see that
26208
16:30:58,636 --> 16:30:59,636
because the image is created differently
26209
16:31:00,400 --> 16:31:01,400
it's not painted onto the screen one
26210
16:31:02,080 --> 16:31:03,080
line at a time instead they're sort of
26211
16:31:04,080 --> 16:31:05,080
all
26212
16:31:04,956 --> 16:31:05,956
thrown up on there
26213
16:31:06,636 --> 16:31:07,636
generally speaking these are going to be
26214
16:31:08,480 --> 16:31:09,480
60 hertz as well
26215
16:31:10,560 --> 16:31:11,560
but now they can reach as much as 120
26216
16:31:12,796 --> 16:31:13,796
hertz now here's the important thing to
26217
16:31:14,720 --> 16:31:15,720
know about that
26218
16:31:16,000 --> 16:31:17,000
you might have
26219
16:31:18,480 --> 16:31:19,480
your computer supports maybe 75 hertz
26220
16:31:20,956 --> 16:31:21,956
and you plug it up to your tv which only
26221
16:31:23,040 --> 16:31:24,040
supports 60 hertz so it doesn't work
26222
16:31:25,596 --> 16:31:26,596
likewise you might have a game that does
26223
16:31:28,240 --> 16:31:29,240
that requires 75 hertz but when you plug
26224
16:31:30,400 --> 16:31:31,400
it up to the tv that hurts that selects
26225
16:31:32,320 --> 16:31:33,320
60 hertz it doesn't work so it's just
26226
16:31:34,720 --> 16:31:35,720
important to be aware of the refresh
26227
16:31:36,956 --> 16:31:37,956
rate on these the other thing is if you
26228
16:31:38,636 --> 16:31:39,636
have 120 hertz refresh rate it's
26229
16:31:41,040 --> 16:31:42,040
refreshing so fast every second that
26230
16:31:43,680 --> 16:31:44,680
it's going to look a little blurry at
26231
16:31:44,956 --> 16:31:45,956
times because real life is blurry i
26232
16:31:47,040 --> 16:31:48,040
remember the first time
26233
16:31:48,720 --> 16:31:49,720
i got a 120 hertz
26234
16:31:51,916 --> 16:31:52,916
television and someone came over and was
26235
16:31:53,276 --> 16:31:54,276
watching a a a sports game they said oh
26236
16:31:56,240 --> 16:31:57,240
it looks too blurry and in fact what was
26237
16:31:58,320 --> 16:31:59,320
happening is the image was so clear that
26238
16:32:00,480 --> 16:32:01,480
they were used to seeing it refresh
26239
16:32:03,040 --> 16:32:04,040
less times so their brain was used to
26240
16:32:05,916 --> 16:32:06,916
making up the images in between when in
26241
16:32:08,240 --> 16:32:09,240
fact they were actually seeing the
26242
16:32:09,520 --> 16:32:10,520
images so it was going faster and it was
26243
16:32:11,596 --> 16:32:12,596
a clearer image and they weren't used to
26244
16:32:13,680 --> 16:32:14,680
that so it's just an interesting sort of
26245
16:32:15,360 --> 16:32:16,360
thing to be aware of uh a lot of gaming
26246
16:32:17,916 --> 16:32:18,916
as i just mentioned requires a higher
26247
16:32:19,680 --> 16:32:20,680
resolution rate and a and not only a
26248
16:32:21,840 --> 16:32:22,840
higher resolution rate a higher refresh
26249
16:32:24,480 --> 16:32:25,480
rate i think is what that means to say
26250
16:32:27,436 --> 16:32:28,436
and so
26251
16:32:28,400 --> 16:32:29,400
um you got to be aware that your monitor
26252
16:32:31,040 --> 16:32:32,040
has to support the refresh rate that
26253
16:32:33,116 --> 16:32:34,116
you're setting in the computer
26254
16:32:39,040 --> 16:32:40,040
here by the way
26255
16:32:41,276 --> 16:32:42,276
you can see the refresh rate right there
26256
16:32:44,160 --> 16:32:45,160
so you can modify this uh by going to
26257
16:32:46,880 --> 16:32:47,880
the adapter tab same place here is that
26258
16:32:48,956 --> 16:32:49,956
adapter tab if you were if you recover
26259
16:32:51,916 --> 16:32:52,916
uh
26260
16:32:52,880 --> 16:32:53,880
if you sorry if you
26261
16:32:54,796 --> 16:32:55,796
remember we were on this adapter tab
26262
16:32:56,796 --> 16:32:57,796
when we were fixing colors right in this
26263
16:32:59,436 --> 16:33:00,436
it's going to be in the monitor under
26264
16:33:01,596 --> 16:33:02,596
the screen refresh rate here
26265
16:33:04,636 --> 16:33:05,636
you want to make sure as i just said the
26266
16:33:06,240 --> 16:33:07,240
monitor supports the refresh rate and by
26267
16:33:08,160 --> 16:33:09,160
the way this might be different this is
26268
16:33:10,080 --> 16:33:11,080
windows 7 this image this might be
26269
16:33:11,756 --> 16:33:12,756
different on xp or vista
26270
16:33:15,916 --> 16:33:16,916
the on-screen display or on-screen
26271
16:33:17,680 --> 16:33:18,680
diagnostics helps you configure picture
26272
16:33:20,636 --> 16:33:21,636
quality
26273
16:33:21,756 --> 16:33:22,756
using uh
26274
16:33:24,320 --> 16:33:25,320
menu options that are built into the
26275
16:33:25,840 --> 16:33:26,840
monitor you've probably seen this
26276
16:33:28,480 --> 16:33:29,480
distortion picture size centering
26277
16:33:30,480 --> 16:33:31,480
contrast so sometimes you see a
26278
16:33:33,360 --> 16:33:34,360
there's an image that looks like this
26279
16:33:35,436 --> 16:33:36,436
and what that means is you can move the
26280
16:33:37,276 --> 16:33:38,276
image up or down in relation to the
26281
16:33:40,080 --> 16:33:41,080
monitor or sometimes you see one that
26282
16:33:41,916 --> 16:33:42,916
looks like this and you can actually
26283
16:33:44,480 --> 16:33:45,480
adjust
26284
16:33:45,680 --> 16:33:46,680
these sides and make them curve more
26285
16:33:48,080 --> 16:33:49,080
curve less on crts this happen a lot
26286
16:33:50,400 --> 16:33:51,400
more than on lcds they're a little
26287
16:33:51,840 --> 16:33:52,840
better with the digital image you're not
26288
16:33:53,756 --> 16:33:54,756
seeing this as much
26289
16:33:55,520 --> 16:33:56,520
but it's important to know it
26290
16:33:57,436 --> 16:33:58,436
superimposes on top of the monitor's
26291
16:33:59,436 --> 16:34:00,436
display and generally speaking nowadays
26292
16:34:01,756 --> 16:34:02,756
you're going to see more contrast and
26293
16:34:03,436 --> 16:34:04,436
brightness rather than uh the picture
26294
16:34:06,400 --> 16:34:07,400
centering etc where you are going to
26295
16:34:08,400 --> 16:34:09,400
deal with this is more in a projector
26296
16:34:10,720 --> 16:34:11,720
nowadays because a projector you can
26297
16:34:12,956 --> 16:34:13,956
tell the image i want you to move up i
26298
16:34:14,240 --> 16:34:15,240
want you to move down
26299
16:34:15,436 --> 16:34:16,436
depending on
26300
16:34:17,520 --> 16:34:18,520
the uh
26301
16:34:19,360 --> 16:34:20,360
surface that you're projecting onto
26302
16:34:22,956 --> 16:34:23,956
generally there is a menu button
26303
16:34:25,276 --> 16:34:26,276
someplace on the display on the
26304
16:34:26,880 --> 16:34:27,880
projectors a button on the top of the
26305
16:34:28,400 --> 16:34:29,400
projector and that's how you get to this
26306
16:34:30,636 --> 16:34:31,636
on-screen display and then there are
26307
16:34:32,636 --> 16:34:33,636
generally it's generally you'll have
26308
16:34:34,000 --> 16:34:35,000
like an enter button and then you'll
26309
16:34:35,200 --> 16:34:36,200
have arrow buttons that allow you to
26310
16:34:37,680 --> 16:34:38,680
adjust one way or the other
26311
16:34:41,116 --> 16:34:42,116
laptop monitors by the way have a very
26312
16:34:43,436 --> 16:34:44,436
basic
26313
16:34:44,400 --> 16:34:45,400
on-screen display function
26314
16:34:46,880 --> 16:34:47,880
generally it's just brightness
26315
16:34:49,680 --> 16:34:50,680
maybe you're getting some contrast
26316
16:34:51,916 --> 16:34:52,916
that's because laptops it's all
26317
16:34:53,360 --> 16:34:54,360
integrated it doesn't need as much
26318
16:34:55,520 --> 16:34:56,520
configuring as a monitor that you're
26319
16:34:57,116 --> 16:34:58,116
plugging in
26320
16:35:00,240 --> 16:35:01,240
i want to mention the degauss tool one
26321
16:35:02,000 --> 16:35:03,000
more time because it is important
26322
16:35:04,400 --> 16:35:05,400
this exists only in crt displays those
26323
16:35:07,360 --> 16:35:08,360
are those big big old computers and it
26324
16:35:10,000 --> 16:35:11,000
still comes up on the test what it does
26325
16:35:12,080 --> 16:35:13,080
is it decreases an unwanted magnetic
26326
16:35:14,480 --> 16:35:15,480
field in the crt
26327
16:35:16,000 --> 16:35:17,000
see the crt has a magnetic plate that's
26328
16:35:18,000 --> 16:35:19,000
near the front of the monitor
26329
16:35:19,680 --> 16:35:20,680
with all the electronics going on it
26330
16:35:21,756 --> 16:35:22,756
starts to pick up certain magnetic
26331
16:35:23,436 --> 16:35:24,436
fields and so if we're looking at the
26332
16:35:25,680 --> 16:35:26,680
monitor from the front and i'll draw a
26333
16:35:27,276 --> 16:35:28,276
little border around which is what the
26334
16:35:28,796 --> 16:35:29,796
monitor would look like and maybe you'll
26335
16:35:30,560 --> 16:35:31,560
have a little knob down here and some
26336
16:35:32,480 --> 16:35:33,480
buttons to adjust to get to the osd
26337
16:35:35,200 --> 16:35:36,200
right you'll start to see a little
26338
16:35:37,040 --> 16:35:38,040
discoloration on the sides specifically
26339
16:35:40,080 --> 16:35:41,080
or you'll see a weird color in the
26340
16:35:41,596 --> 16:35:42,596
middle and that's because this metal
26341
16:35:43,276 --> 16:35:44,276
plate is picking up magnetic fields so
26342
16:35:45,360 --> 16:35:46,360
what happens is when you press the d
26343
16:35:47,276 --> 16:35:48,276
gauze
26344
16:35:49,040 --> 16:35:50,040
button
26345
16:35:51,116 --> 16:35:52,116
you'll see it shake and distort the
26346
16:35:53,596 --> 16:35:54,596
screen well really quickly and then all
26347
16:35:55,680 --> 16:35:56,680
that stuff will be released that
26348
16:35:56,956 --> 16:35:57,956
magnetic field is released and so it
26349
16:35:59,040 --> 16:36:00,040
returns to normal without discoloration
26350
16:36:01,276 --> 16:36:02,276
if you still have the discoloration by
26351
16:36:02,880 --> 16:36:03,880
the way the gauze isn't gonna help you
26352
16:36:04,636 --> 16:36:05,636
you're gonna need to replace the monitor
26353
16:36:06,956 --> 16:36:07,956
of course if they're still using a crt
26354
16:36:08,400 --> 16:36:09,400
they should probably replace the monitor
26355
16:36:09,840 --> 16:36:10,840
anyway
26356
16:36:11,276 --> 16:36:12,276
so multiple monitors allows you to
26357
16:36:12,956 --> 16:36:13,956
either duplicate a display which is
26358
16:36:14,956 --> 16:36:15,956
called mirroring a display
26359
16:36:17,520 --> 16:36:18,520
or stretch the display across multiple
26360
16:36:19,756 --> 16:36:20,756
desktops that's called extend so if you
26361
16:36:22,400 --> 16:36:23,400
see here if i have three monitors and
26362
16:36:24,320 --> 16:36:25,320
you actually move these around in here
26363
16:36:26,480 --> 16:36:27,480
right and you can see uh if i was to
26364
16:36:28,560 --> 16:36:29,560
drag my mouse from here over to here
26365
16:36:30,880 --> 16:36:31,880
this is how it would work
26366
16:36:33,116 --> 16:36:34,116
now generally speaking you can't
26367
16:36:35,276 --> 16:36:36,276
necessarily uh
26368
16:36:37,756 --> 16:36:38,756
have
26369
16:36:38,636 --> 16:36:39,636
an image that sort of is on both at the
26370
16:36:41,040 --> 16:36:42,040
same time in the center you can have one
26371
16:36:43,596 --> 16:36:44,596
that spans like watching a movie
26372
16:36:45,840 --> 16:36:46,840
sometimes you can have the movie span
26373
16:36:47,680 --> 16:36:48,680
the entire array of these monitors but
26374
16:36:50,796 --> 16:36:51,796
it's not going to just let you sort of
26375
16:36:52,160 --> 16:36:53,160
sit one in the middle sometimes it will
26376
16:36:53,840 --> 16:36:54,840
actually though
26377
16:36:55,436 --> 16:36:56,436
it's important to know the difference by
26378
16:36:56,720 --> 16:36:57,720
the way between extending and mirroring
26379
16:36:58,636 --> 16:36:59,636
generally speaking if you're going to
26380
16:36:59,840 --> 16:37:00,840
connect two monitors you're going to
26381
16:37:01,360 --> 16:37:02,360
extend the monitor
26382
16:37:03,756 --> 16:37:04,756
if you're connecting a projector you
26383
16:37:05,436 --> 16:37:06,436
probably want to mirror it so you can
26384
16:37:06,880 --> 16:37:07,880
see
26385
16:37:08,000 --> 16:37:09,000
one image on your laptop and one image
26386
16:37:09,916 --> 16:37:10,916
on the projector so this works well for
26387
16:37:12,400 --> 16:37:13,400
applications that are wide or if you
26388
16:37:14,320 --> 16:37:15,320
need multiple windows let's say you're
26389
16:37:15,916 --> 16:37:16,916
keeping outlook open in one window you
26390
16:37:17,916 --> 16:37:18,916
have your browser open in another you're
26391
16:37:19,680 --> 16:37:20,680
looking at a presentation on another
26392
16:37:21,840 --> 16:37:22,840
just lets you work with more than one
26393
16:37:23,840 --> 16:37:24,840
monitor at a time
26394
16:37:26,240 --> 16:37:27,240
generally speaking and you can see it
26395
16:37:27,436 --> 16:37:28,436
right here you're going to set one
26396
16:37:28,720 --> 16:37:29,720
monitor as the default there's a blue
26397
16:37:31,276 --> 16:37:32,276
there's sort of a blue box around this
26398
16:37:33,200 --> 16:37:34,200
one if you notice
26399
16:37:37,116 --> 16:37:38,116
this one though is not a default what's
26400
16:37:38,956 --> 16:37:39,956
going to happen is most of the
26401
16:37:40,400 --> 16:37:41,400
applications are going to open on the
26402
16:37:41,680 --> 16:37:42,680
default unless you set them specifically
26403
16:37:43,596 --> 16:37:44,596
to open on a secondary and the taskbar
26404
16:37:46,240 --> 16:37:47,240
which i've boxed in right here is only
26405
16:37:48,796 --> 16:37:49,796
going to appear on the on the
26406
16:37:50,796 --> 16:37:51,796
primary so the start menu is only going
26407
16:37:53,360 --> 16:37:54,360
to appear on the primary not on the
26408
16:37:55,360 --> 16:37:56,360
extended ones
26409
16:37:59,276 --> 16:38:00,276
if you make changes where you make
26410
16:38:01,360 --> 16:38:02,360
changes in the display properties window
26411
16:38:04,480 --> 16:38:05,480
right click on the desktop go to for
26412
16:38:06,720 --> 16:38:07,720
instance screen resolution or
26413
16:38:08,160 --> 16:38:09,160
personalize and what you can do is add
26414
16:38:10,636 --> 16:38:11,636
displays you would choose the display
26415
16:38:12,636 --> 16:38:13,636
that you want to
26416
16:38:14,400 --> 16:38:15,400
alter here then you could change for
26417
16:38:16,400 --> 16:38:17,400
instance the resolute resolution the
26418
16:38:18,000 --> 16:38:19,000
orientation landscape or horizontal for
26419
16:38:20,240 --> 16:38:21,240
instance
26420
16:38:21,436 --> 16:38:22,436
and choose whether you want it to be
26421
16:38:22,560 --> 16:38:23,560
extended or mirrored again with the
26422
16:38:25,040 --> 16:38:26,040
projector you're going to want to mirror
26423
16:38:26,560 --> 16:38:27,560
it you can also by the way move these
26424
16:38:28,956 --> 16:38:29,956
actually around so you can have
26425
16:38:31,840 --> 16:38:32,840
screen one on the right and screen two
26426
16:38:33,596 --> 16:38:34,596
on the left
26427
16:38:35,436 --> 16:38:36,436
on a desktop computer you can have up to
26428
16:38:37,680 --> 16:38:38,680
10 monitors which is pretty cool however
26429
16:38:40,720 --> 16:38:41,720
on a laptop you don't have that much on
26430
16:38:42,560 --> 16:38:43,560
a laptop you can only do
26431
16:38:44,480 --> 16:38:45,480
two and that's why it's called dual view
26432
16:38:47,040 --> 16:38:48,040
okay that's because you have the monitor
26433
16:38:49,040 --> 16:38:50,040
on your laptop and you have uh one
26434
16:38:51,680 --> 16:38:52,680
external port generally
26435
16:38:53,520 --> 16:38:54,520
like a vga or a dvi out you can only
26436
16:38:56,080 --> 16:38:57,080
have two and that's called dual view
26437
16:38:58,720 --> 16:38:59,720
generally speaking you're not going to
26438
16:39:00,160 --> 16:39:01,160
be able to add an additional
26439
16:39:02,400 --> 16:39:03,400
video card to your laptop because it's
26440
16:39:04,480 --> 16:39:05,480
so integrated
26441
16:39:06,480 --> 16:39:07,480
so just keep in mind dual view
26442
16:39:08,240 --> 16:39:09,240
specifically for laptops in case you see
26443
16:39:10,240 --> 16:39:11,240
that on the test
26444
16:39:11,680 --> 16:39:12,680
all right we talked about video drivers
26445
16:39:14,240 --> 16:39:15,240
again this translates
26446
16:39:17,276 --> 16:39:18,276
between the operating system
26447
16:39:21,916 --> 16:39:22,916
and the device and it is important
26448
16:39:24,956 --> 16:39:25,956
to use
26449
16:39:26,636 --> 16:39:27,636
the manufacturer's
26450
16:39:32,400 --> 16:39:33,400
driver especially for a video card okay
26451
16:39:35,200 --> 16:39:36,200
color depth generally we want 16 bits or
26452
16:39:38,720 --> 16:39:39,720
32 bits if you saw them when i screen
26453
16:39:41,436 --> 16:39:42,436
capped working at 32 bits the more bits
26454
16:39:45,040 --> 16:39:46,040
the higher color resolution the higher
26455
16:39:46,956 --> 16:39:47,956
color depth you're getting uh the more
26456
16:39:49,520 --> 16:39:50,520
richness you're getting in the color
26457
16:39:51,040 --> 16:39:52,040
however that's also taking more
26458
16:39:52,320 --> 16:39:53,320
resources
26459
16:39:53,520 --> 16:39:54,520
the resolution is that width by height
26460
16:40:00,320 --> 16:40:01,320
so for instance
26461
16:40:02,000 --> 16:40:03,000
1280
26462
16:40:03,520 --> 16:40:04,520
by 720 is a common resolution
26463
16:40:07,116 --> 16:40:08,116
the aspect ratio comes directly from
26464
16:40:09,116 --> 16:40:10,116
this number it is that divided by that
26465
16:40:11,520 --> 16:40:12,520
and gonna give you either like a 4.3 or
26466
16:40:13,916 --> 16:40:14,916
a 16.9 generally speaking
26467
16:40:16,796 --> 16:40:17,796
this is full screen
26468
16:40:18,400 --> 16:40:19,400
this is widescreen
26469
16:40:21,200 --> 16:40:22,200
the refresh rate which is measured in
26470
16:40:23,680 --> 16:40:24,680
hertz
26471
16:40:25,116 --> 16:40:26,116
and commonly
26472
16:40:28,240 --> 16:40:29,240
you're going to see about 60 hertz
26473
16:40:31,040 --> 16:40:32,040
sometimes you can get up to 120 hertz is
26474
16:40:34,560 --> 16:40:35,560
how often
26475
16:40:35,916 --> 16:40:36,916
the image is painted onto the screen
26476
16:40:43,436 --> 16:40:44,436
the on-screen diagnostics or on-screen
26477
16:40:45,756 --> 16:40:46,756
display
26478
16:40:46,796 --> 16:40:47,796
depending on your interpretation of that
26479
16:40:49,360 --> 16:40:50,360
acronym
26480
16:40:50,796 --> 16:40:51,796
allows you to
26481
16:40:52,956 --> 16:40:53,956
change certain monitor settings
26482
16:40:55,596 --> 16:40:56,596
from the monitor itself the most
26483
16:40:57,436 --> 16:40:58,436
important one here is degaussing
26484
16:41:01,200 --> 16:41:02,200
which resets
26485
16:41:04,400 --> 16:41:05,400
the magnetic field
26486
16:41:10,480 --> 16:41:11,480
on a monitor
26487
16:41:12,400 --> 16:41:13,400
specifically
26488
16:41:15,276 --> 16:41:16,276
a crt monitor okay and i see that come
26489
16:41:18,480 --> 16:41:19,480
up on the test all the time which is the
26490
16:41:19,916 --> 16:41:20,916
reason i mentioned it finally multiple
26491
16:41:21,840 --> 16:41:22,840
monitors
26492
16:41:23,116 --> 16:41:24,116
and dual view
26493
16:41:24,636 --> 16:41:25,636
dual view
26494
16:41:26,000 --> 16:41:27,000
is for laptops specifically
26495
16:41:28,880 --> 16:41:29,880
you can have up to 10 monitors on thanks
26496
16:41:31,916 --> 16:41:32,916
to windows on many computers
26497
16:41:35,200 --> 16:41:36,200
so that wraps up videos
26498
16:41:38,636 --> 16:41:39,636
now let's talk about the other part of
26499
16:41:40,160 --> 16:41:41,160
multimedia sound which is not as complex
26500
16:41:42,880 --> 16:41:43,880
as video but it's worth taking a brief
26501
16:41:44,880 --> 16:41:45,880
look at
26502
16:41:49,120 --> 16:41:50,120
[Music]
26503
16:42:09,756 --> 16:42:10,756
audio sound overview
26504
16:42:12,400 --> 16:42:13,400
we've talked about video so let's spend
26505
16:42:14,400 --> 16:42:15,400
just a very little brief amount of time
26506
16:42:16,400 --> 16:42:17,400
talking about audio there's not a lot on
26507
16:42:18,560 --> 16:42:19,560
audio that's really going to pop up on
26508
16:42:19,756 --> 16:42:20,756
the exam but there are a couple
26509
16:42:20,956 --> 16:42:21,956
pertinent pieces of information i do
26510
16:42:22,720 --> 16:42:23,720
want to point out to you
26511
16:42:24,880 --> 16:42:25,880
so we'll talk about the audio subsystem
26512
16:42:27,040 --> 16:42:28,040
in general which includes some of these
26513
16:42:29,276 --> 16:42:30,276
things including a sound card which
26514
16:42:30,956 --> 16:42:31,956
we'll talk about more
26515
16:42:32,480 --> 16:42:33,480
the eighth inch or mini jacks and we'll
26516
16:42:34,720 --> 16:42:35,720
also talk about a new technology
26517
16:42:37,116 --> 16:42:38,116
or not so new but
26518
16:42:38,720 --> 16:42:39,720
not seen as much i should say called
26519
16:42:40,880 --> 16:42:41,880
spdif which is a sony digital optical
26520
16:42:43,840 --> 16:42:44,840
format
26521
16:42:45,116 --> 16:42:46,116
uh
26522
16:42:45,916 --> 16:42:46,916
toast link or toshiba link ports the
26523
16:42:48,636 --> 16:42:49,636
ports that usually that spdif format
26524
16:42:51,596 --> 16:42:52,596
uses
26525
16:42:53,116 --> 16:42:54,116
we'll also talk about installation of
26526
16:42:55,276 --> 16:42:56,276
the sound card and the speakers
26527
16:42:57,360 --> 16:42:58,360
and finally some media players that
26528
16:42:59,436 --> 16:43:00,436
you'll find in windows and some formats
26529
16:43:02,796 --> 16:43:03,796
that you'll need them to play
26530
16:43:05,360 --> 16:43:06,360
so first the audio subsystem is
26531
16:43:07,596 --> 16:43:08,596
comprised of several different pieces
26532
16:43:09,200 --> 16:43:10,200
just like the video subsystem
26533
16:43:11,596 --> 16:43:12,596
the sound card which has an expansion
26534
16:43:13,596 --> 16:43:14,596
bus connected to it generally speaking
26535
16:43:16,560 --> 16:43:17,560
pci
26536
16:43:18,080 --> 16:43:19,080
or pci
26537
16:43:20,080 --> 16:43:21,080
e
26538
16:43:21,200 --> 16:43:22,200
uh audio ports uh those are the eighth
26539
16:43:24,000 --> 16:43:25,000
inch or those s
26540
16:43:26,720 --> 16:43:27,720
pdif which we'll talk about internal and
26541
16:43:29,520 --> 16:43:30,520
external connectivity
26542
16:43:31,680 --> 16:43:32,680
which is going to relate to speakers the
26543
16:43:33,436 --> 16:43:34,436
internal by the way not to those audio
26544
16:43:35,756 --> 16:43:36,756
ports um
26545
16:43:37,360 --> 16:43:38,360
well to some audio ports internally but
26546
16:43:39,680 --> 16:43:40,680
also externally we'll talk about those
26547
16:43:41,916 --> 16:43:42,916
sound card port drivers rather and then
26548
16:43:44,796 --> 16:43:45,796
some third-party audio software or even
26549
16:43:46,796 --> 16:43:47,796
built-in audio software to play the
26550
16:43:48,956 --> 16:43:49,956
audio so
26551
16:43:52,240 --> 16:43:53,240
we're talking about sound cards
26552
16:43:55,200 --> 16:43:56,200
these are responsible for generating the
26553
16:43:57,116 --> 16:43:58,116
sound that's sent to it either by the
26554
16:43:58,560 --> 16:43:59,560
operating system or the cd drive this is
26555
16:44:00,880 --> 16:44:01,880
an important distinction i've seen
26556
16:44:02,400 --> 16:44:03,400
questions on the test relating to this
26557
16:44:04,636 --> 16:44:05,636
specific thing and i'll talk about a
26558
16:44:06,160 --> 16:44:07,160
little more
26559
16:44:07,520 --> 16:44:08,520
the sound card can be integrated and
26560
16:44:09,680 --> 16:44:10,680
usually is into the motherboard or it
26561
16:44:12,320 --> 16:44:13,320
can be installed as this one would be
26562
16:44:14,956 --> 16:44:15,956
through ext expansion bays
26563
16:44:17,116 --> 16:44:18,116
or it can be connected through an
26564
16:44:18,480 --> 16:44:19,480
external say usb or ieee 1394 connector
26565
16:44:22,956 --> 16:44:23,956
now what's interesting here is a lot of
26566
16:44:26,400 --> 16:44:27,400
people are fine with the sound card
26567
16:44:27,840 --> 16:44:28,840
that's built into their system and
26568
16:44:29,360 --> 16:44:30,360
generally speaking you'll be
26569
16:44:30,480 --> 16:44:31,480
hard-pressed to find a system that
26570
16:44:31,756 --> 16:44:32,756
doesn't come with one built in the
26571
16:44:33,276 --> 16:44:34,276
reason you might want to upgrade is if
26572
16:44:34,480 --> 16:44:35,480
you want really incredible sound you're
26573
16:44:36,480 --> 16:44:37,480
not just happy with uh two speakers you
26574
16:44:38,720 --> 16:44:39,720
want five or seven speakers 5.1 dolby
26575
16:44:41,756 --> 16:44:42,756
digital or 7.1 dopey digital for
26576
16:44:43,840 --> 16:44:44,840
instance so that's the reason you would
26577
16:44:45,520 --> 16:44:46,520
upgrade your sound card
26578
16:44:48,160 --> 16:44:49,160
now sound cards all have these mini
26579
16:44:50,000 --> 16:44:51,000
jacks a lot of them do and that's the
26580
16:44:51,916 --> 16:44:52,916
standard for audio and it serves
26581
16:44:54,320 --> 16:44:55,320
most people quite well and it still
26582
16:44:55,916 --> 16:44:56,916
serves audio quite well it's one of the
26583
16:44:58,560 --> 16:44:59,560
things that really hasn't changed
26584
16:45:00,080 --> 16:45:01,080
although there are these optical audios
26585
16:45:01,916 --> 16:45:02,916
for people who really are audiophiles
26586
16:45:03,916 --> 16:45:04,916
but that's not most people a lot of
26587
16:45:05,840 --> 16:45:06,840
people will spend time and money on
26588
16:45:07,200 --> 16:45:08,200
video but when it comes to audio they'll
26589
16:45:08,880 --> 16:45:09,880
get a pair of headphones that plug up
26590
16:45:10,956 --> 16:45:11,956
through this and it'll work just fine
26591
16:45:12,636 --> 16:45:13,636
for them
26592
16:45:13,680 --> 16:45:14,680
so i want to just give you the the most
26593
16:45:15,596 --> 16:45:16,596
common connections right here
26594
16:45:17,916 --> 16:45:18,916
and the color coordinating they have
26595
16:45:19,840 --> 16:45:20,840
you'll see this has seven connections
26596
16:45:21,520 --> 16:45:22,520
and that's for what's called a 7.1
26597
16:45:25,596 --> 16:45:26,596
digital
26598
16:45:26,720 --> 16:45:27,720
or dolby connection and that has seven
26599
16:45:29,200 --> 16:45:30,200
speakers and here are the inputs now
26600
16:45:31,520 --> 16:45:32,520
you'll almost always have the lime green
26601
16:45:33,436 --> 16:45:34,436
which is that main output for two
26602
16:45:35,520 --> 16:45:36,520
speakers the pink which is for your
26603
16:45:37,520 --> 16:45:38,520
microphone input and then a line input
26604
16:45:40,160 --> 16:45:41,160
uh safe for
26605
16:45:42,480 --> 16:45:43,480
a keyboard or something
26606
16:45:44,796 --> 16:45:45,796
surround sound output is the block that
26607
16:45:46,796 --> 16:45:47,796
gives you two extra um
26608
16:45:49,756 --> 16:45:50,756
speakers perhaps in the back uh behind
26609
16:45:52,796 --> 16:45:53,796
you so if the main ones are the right
26610
16:45:54,720 --> 16:45:55,720
and left and front the surround sound
26611
16:45:56,880 --> 16:45:57,880
are for the right and left behind you
26612
16:45:59,436 --> 16:46:00,436
the orange for the center and the
26613
16:46:00,880 --> 16:46:01,880
subwoofer that's
26614
16:46:02,880 --> 16:46:03,880
really independent of anything the the
26615
16:46:05,436 --> 16:46:06,436
new one the one you really want to look
26616
16:46:06,796 --> 16:46:07,796
out for this is the silver or the brown
26617
16:46:08,560 --> 16:46:09,560
one that's that 7.1 output i'll show you
26618
16:46:10,956 --> 16:46:11,956
what that looks like on a diagram a
26619
16:46:12,160 --> 16:46:13,160
little later but those are for side um
26620
16:46:14,720 --> 16:46:15,720
connectors on the side left and right
26621
16:46:17,116 --> 16:46:18,116
so that you really can feel the sound
26622
16:46:19,276 --> 16:46:20,276
again this might be a little overkill
26623
16:46:20,796 --> 16:46:21,796
for most people but that's for those
26624
16:46:22,560 --> 16:46:23,560
eighth inch mini jacks now
26625
16:46:25,680 --> 16:46:26,680
there's another
26626
16:46:27,360 --> 16:46:28,360
kind of
26627
16:46:28,560 --> 16:46:29,560
format which is called the sony phillips
26628
16:46:30,880 --> 16:46:31,880
digital interconnect format that's
26629
16:46:33,200 --> 16:46:34,200
represented by these right here these
26630
16:46:35,436 --> 16:46:36,436
are actually using a toast link
26631
16:46:37,916 --> 16:46:38,916
port and i'll talk about that in a
26632
16:46:39,276 --> 16:46:40,276
second this is also known as digital
26633
16:46:41,200 --> 16:46:42,200
optical so just like with video you have
26634
16:46:44,480 --> 16:46:45,480
the vga which gives you an analog output
26635
16:46:46,560 --> 16:46:47,560
and then dvi the digital video interface
26636
16:46:48,720 --> 16:46:49,720
or hdmi which gives you a digital video
26637
16:46:51,756 --> 16:46:52,756
this gives digital audio the reason it
26638
16:46:53,916 --> 16:46:54,916
really hasn't taken on is most people
26639
16:46:55,756 --> 16:46:56,756
don't really require a digital audio
26640
16:46:58,320 --> 16:46:59,320
they don't need it they don't find that
26641
16:47:01,040 --> 16:47:02,040
these eighth inch
26642
16:47:02,636 --> 16:47:03,636
generally for most of what they can hear
26643
16:47:04,560 --> 16:47:05,560
does the trick now some people who are
26644
16:47:06,480 --> 16:47:07,480
really into it real audio files um
26645
16:47:09,840 --> 16:47:10,840
listening to a lot of modern day stuff
26646
16:47:13,360 --> 16:47:14,360
that was recorded in such a way might
26647
16:47:15,040 --> 16:47:16,040
want this optical stuff or you're doing
26648
16:47:16,880 --> 16:47:17,880
a lot of sound editing the reason a lot
26649
16:47:19,200 --> 16:47:20,200
of people don't need it by the way is
26650
16:47:20,636 --> 16:47:21,636
because a lot of the audio wasn't really
26651
16:47:22,956 --> 16:47:23,956
recorded digitally back in the day and
26652
16:47:25,116 --> 16:47:26,116
so if you're listening to say an old cd
26653
16:47:27,436 --> 16:47:28,436
from the 80s or 90s or anything that was
26654
16:47:29,840 --> 16:47:30,840
recorded on that technology you're not
26655
16:47:31,360 --> 16:47:32,360
going to hear enough to make it worth
26656
16:47:33,276 --> 16:47:34,276
your while but it is there
26657
16:47:35,596 --> 16:47:36,596
it delivers that high quality digital
26658
16:47:38,080 --> 16:47:39,080
cable sound
26659
16:47:39,360 --> 16:47:40,360
over
26660
16:47:40,636 --> 16:47:41,636
fiber optic cables so again instead of
26661
16:47:43,200 --> 16:47:44,200
dealing with copper it's replacing the
26662
16:47:45,276 --> 16:47:46,276
copper with fiber optics now spdif is
26663
16:47:48,956 --> 16:47:49,956
the standard and there are different
26664
16:47:50,400 --> 16:47:51,400
types of ports that work with that
26665
16:47:52,480 --> 16:47:53,480
standard and one of those ports
26666
16:47:55,040 --> 16:47:56,040
is the toslink which stands for
26667
16:47:57,520 --> 16:47:58,520
toshiba link that's this right here and
26668
16:48:00,240 --> 16:48:01,240
you can see i'm just gonna go back real
26669
16:48:03,116 --> 16:48:04,116
quickly look at this you see that sort
26670
16:48:04,956 --> 16:48:05,956
of squarish
26671
16:48:07,040 --> 16:48:08,040
right there
26672
16:48:08,080 --> 16:48:09,080
if we go back just for a second
26673
16:48:12,560 --> 16:48:13,560
you can see that square right there
26674
16:48:14,880 --> 16:48:15,880
okay
26675
16:48:20,240 --> 16:48:21,240
so the input is usually black
26676
16:48:22,880 --> 16:48:23,880
and the output is usually gray and
26677
16:48:26,480 --> 16:48:27,480
these are really short the reason
26678
16:48:28,000 --> 16:48:29,000
they're short fiber optics we don't want
26679
16:48:30,080 --> 16:48:31,080
it to travel too far although it could
26680
16:48:32,080 --> 16:48:33,080
but the longer it is the more um
26681
16:48:34,636 --> 16:48:35,636
possibility there is of something
26682
16:48:35,840 --> 16:48:36,840
getting damaged within the fiber optic
26683
16:48:37,596 --> 16:48:38,596
system and again because we're using a
26684
16:48:39,276 --> 16:48:40,276
black sorry not a black a glass or
26685
16:48:42,320 --> 16:48:43,320
plastic core that's transmitting light
26686
16:48:44,880 --> 16:48:45,880
uh bends
26687
16:48:46,720 --> 16:48:47,720
in the cord for instance
26688
16:48:48,560 --> 16:48:49,560
could cause a problem
26689
16:48:50,400 --> 16:48:51,400
uh additionally it can get damaged and
26690
16:48:52,320 --> 16:48:53,320
if it's damaged then we're in big
26691
16:48:54,000 --> 16:48:55,000
trouble not as forgiving as metal or
26692
16:48:56,080 --> 16:48:57,080
copper
26693
16:48:57,596 --> 16:48:58,596
it emits red lights from either side
26694
16:49:00,400 --> 16:49:01,400
that's because
26695
16:49:01,916 --> 16:49:02,916
it transfers data instead of through
26696
16:49:03,520 --> 16:49:04,520
electrons it's transferring to light
26697
16:49:05,360 --> 16:49:06,360
that's how it travels so fast that's why
26698
16:49:06,956 --> 16:49:07,956
the signal is so clean again most people
26699
16:49:10,000 --> 16:49:11,000
don't recognize don't need this level of
26700
16:49:12,480 --> 16:49:13,480
high quality audio which is the reason
26701
16:49:14,636 --> 16:49:15,636
it really hasn't taken off but if you
26702
16:49:16,160 --> 16:49:17,160
see that
26703
16:49:17,916 --> 16:49:18,916
maybe on the exam but more likely at a
26704
16:49:20,560 --> 16:49:21,560
store or on your computer at least now
26705
16:49:22,240 --> 16:49:23,240
you know what it is and you can play
26706
16:49:23,436 --> 16:49:24,436
around with it a little bit
26707
16:49:26,880 --> 16:49:27,880
when you're installing the audio card uh
26708
16:49:29,520 --> 16:49:30,520
you want to insert the audio card just
26709
16:49:31,436 --> 16:49:32,436
like you would into your pci or pcie
26710
16:49:33,436 --> 16:49:34,436
slot and then if you're replacing the
26711
16:49:35,436 --> 16:49:36,436
onboard sound just like with the video
26712
16:49:37,840 --> 16:49:38,840
you need to disable the onboard audio
26713
16:49:40,320 --> 16:49:41,320
all right remember with the video you
26714
16:49:41,680 --> 16:49:42,680
install that new video card it doesn't
26715
16:49:43,040 --> 16:49:44,040
work what's wrong same thing can happen
26716
16:49:44,956 --> 16:49:45,956
here you need to disable the onboard
26717
16:49:47,360 --> 16:49:48,360
audio so that way the computer doesn't
26718
16:49:49,520 --> 16:49:50,520
get confused and think you want to use
26719
16:49:52,636 --> 16:49:53,636
the old sound card but you do in fact
26720
16:49:54,880 --> 16:49:55,880
want to use the new one
26721
16:49:56,880 --> 16:49:57,880
there may also be and this is the reason
26722
16:49:58,796 --> 16:49:59,796
i have
26723
16:50:00,240 --> 16:50:01,240
um
26724
16:50:01,116 --> 16:50:02,116
this um
26725
16:50:02,400 --> 16:50:03,400
uh picture here there may also be some
26726
16:50:04,720 --> 16:50:05,720
chords that go from your sound card onto
26727
16:50:08,560 --> 16:50:09,560
your chassis so that way uh you can for
26728
16:50:11,756 --> 16:50:12,756
instance
26729
16:50:12,796 --> 16:50:13,796
listen to your head you know plug your
26730
16:50:14,480 --> 16:50:15,480
headphones into the front of your
26731
16:50:16,320 --> 16:50:17,320
computer and listen from there don't
26732
16:50:18,796 --> 16:50:19,796
forget a lot of times you don't want to
26733
16:50:20,880 --> 16:50:21,880
you know dig around in the back and a
26734
16:50:22,320 --> 16:50:23,320
lot of chassis have an eighth inch jack
26735
16:50:24,240 --> 16:50:25,240
on the front but those don't just work
26736
16:50:26,160 --> 16:50:27,160
magically they work if you plug them up
26737
16:50:29,040 --> 16:50:30,040
so sometimes there's an hd audio cable
26738
16:50:30,956 --> 16:50:31,956
to plug up to the front and not only
26739
16:50:33,116 --> 16:50:34,116
that there's sometimes a connector that
26740
16:50:35,596 --> 16:50:36,596
connects between the cd drive
26741
16:50:38,400 --> 16:50:39,400
and the sound card this is the number
26742
16:50:40,320 --> 16:50:41,320
one question i see on the exam in
26743
16:50:42,400 --> 16:50:43,400
relation to the sound card you have a cd
26744
16:50:45,360 --> 16:50:46,360
drive and i think i talked about this
26745
16:50:46,560 --> 16:50:47,560
when we were talking about storage you
26746
16:50:48,160 --> 16:50:49,160
have a cd card
26747
16:50:49,680 --> 16:50:50,680
a cd drive
26748
16:50:51,200 --> 16:50:52,200
and you can play data from it but not
26749
16:50:53,756 --> 16:50:54,756
audio what's the problem the problem is
26750
16:50:55,756 --> 16:50:56,756
you haven't connected this cord to the
26751
16:50:58,240 --> 16:50:59,240
cd drive and the audio uh and the sound
26752
16:51:01,436 --> 16:51:02,436
card that's because uh for some reason
26753
16:51:04,080 --> 16:51:05,080
the ide
26754
16:51:05,436 --> 16:51:06,436
at that time in the older systems
26755
16:51:08,160 --> 16:51:09,160
did not
26756
16:51:09,680 --> 16:51:10,680
uh carry the audio signal only the data
26757
16:51:11,916 --> 16:51:12,916
one in newer drives this isn't the uh
26758
16:51:14,720 --> 16:51:15,720
necessarily a problem but if you see
26759
16:51:16,636 --> 16:51:17,636
this question on the exam now you know
26760
16:51:18,560 --> 16:51:19,560
what it is and you can answer it
26761
16:51:20,400 --> 16:51:21,400
correctly which is that you didn't
26762
16:51:22,080 --> 16:51:23,080
connect the audio cable from the cd
26763
16:51:24,000 --> 16:51:25,000
player to the sound card
26764
16:51:26,720 --> 16:51:27,720
furthermore we want to install the
26765
16:51:28,480 --> 16:51:29,480
manufacturer's drivers if you have an
26766
16:51:30,480 --> 16:51:31,480
advanced sound card if you don't have an
26767
16:51:32,400 --> 16:51:33,400
advanced sound card use the generic
26768
16:51:34,080 --> 16:51:35,080
drivers no problem if you have an
26769
16:51:36,160 --> 16:51:37,160
advanced one with 7.1 for instance uh
26770
16:51:39,276 --> 16:51:40,276
you know and by the way here are the
26771
16:51:40,956 --> 16:51:41,956
speaker setups you can see a 5 this is
26772
16:51:42,956 --> 16:51:43,956
5.1
26773
16:51:46,480 --> 16:51:47,480
and this is 7.1 you can notice the extra
26774
16:51:48,956 --> 16:51:49,956
speakers here okay
26775
16:51:51,200 --> 16:51:52,200
so you connect those according to the
26776
16:51:52,636 --> 16:51:53,636
instructions and what's going to happen
26777
16:51:54,000 --> 16:51:55,000
is the drivers that you install from the
26778
16:51:55,436 --> 16:51:56,436
manufacturer are going to allow you to
26779
16:51:57,276 --> 16:51:58,276
install these properly otherwise it's
26780
16:51:59,360 --> 16:52:00,360
not going to support outputting all that
26781
16:52:01,520 --> 16:52:02,520
audio
26782
16:52:04,320 --> 16:52:05,320
and again the 5.1 or 7.1 are two common
26783
16:52:07,040 --> 16:52:08,040
speaker technologies
26784
16:52:08,796 --> 16:52:09,796
2.1
26785
16:52:10,080 --> 16:52:11,080
is just two speakers
26786
16:52:14,720 --> 16:52:15,720
finally media players we need software
26787
16:52:16,720 --> 16:52:17,720
that can play the audio uh and port it
26788
16:52:19,200 --> 16:52:20,200
to the sound card some popular media
26789
16:52:21,436 --> 16:52:22,436
players include windows media player
26790
16:52:23,040 --> 16:52:24,040
which is also wm oh
26791
16:52:26,720 --> 16:52:27,720
which is also uh
26792
16:52:28,720 --> 16:52:29,720
play stuff in a wma format
26793
16:52:31,596 --> 16:52:32,596
it's built into windows so you don't
26794
16:52:33,276 --> 16:52:34,276
have to install anything extra if you're
26795
16:52:35,116 --> 16:52:36,116
using an ipod iphone etc you might have
26796
16:52:37,756 --> 16:52:38,756
itunes winamp used to be a very popular
26797
16:52:40,320 --> 16:52:41,320
one for mp3s vlc is a free service a
26798
16:52:44,240 --> 16:52:45,240
free software you can download off the
26799
16:52:45,680 --> 16:52:46,680
internet works in just about any
26800
16:52:47,436 --> 16:52:48,436
operating system and it's really useful
26801
16:52:49,520 --> 16:52:50,520
i recommend it actually
26802
16:52:51,840 --> 16:52:52,840
and depending on how your audio files
26803
16:52:53,436 --> 16:52:54,436
are compressed if they're in mp3 format
26804
16:52:55,756 --> 16:52:56,756
a dot wave format
26805
16:52:57,596 --> 16:52:58,596
wma format needs a windows media player
26806
16:53:00,240 --> 16:53:01,240
etc you might need a specific media
26807
16:53:02,240 --> 16:53:03,240
player to open it nowadays media players
26808
16:53:04,400 --> 16:53:05,400
are pretty good about being
26809
16:53:05,436 --> 16:53:06,436
interoperable so they can open just
26810
16:53:07,276 --> 16:53:08,276
about any format but just be aware that
26811
16:53:09,840 --> 16:53:10,840
some formats only work with certain
26812
16:53:11,680 --> 16:53:12,680
programs
26813
16:53:14,796 --> 16:53:15,796
so that was our brief overview of the
26814
16:53:16,636 --> 16:53:17,636
audio subsystem we talked about the
26815
16:53:18,880 --> 16:53:19,880
sound cards the eighth inch mini jacks
26816
16:53:21,436 --> 16:53:22,436
again these are generally our most
26817
16:53:23,276 --> 16:53:24,276
popular
26818
16:53:24,636 --> 16:53:25,636
sound these two the spdif
26819
16:53:27,436 --> 16:53:28,436
and the toast link
26820
16:53:29,200 --> 16:53:30,200
that's relating to optical audio
26821
16:53:31,520 --> 16:53:32,520
something that we see out in the field
26822
16:53:33,436 --> 16:53:34,436
and it's been out for a while but we
26823
16:53:35,116 --> 16:53:36,116
just don't work with a lot because most
26824
16:53:37,200 --> 16:53:38,200
people don't require that level of
26825
16:53:38,956 --> 16:53:39,956
quality from their audio when we're
26826
16:53:40,956 --> 16:53:41,956
talking about installation the important
26827
16:53:42,956 --> 16:53:43,956
thing really to remember is that cd
26828
16:53:45,276 --> 16:53:46,276
player chord
26829
16:53:47,200 --> 16:53:48,200
otherwise sometimes audio won't play
26830
16:53:49,756 --> 16:53:50,756
between the cd player and the audio
26831
16:53:52,480 --> 16:53:53,480
and the sound card and finally media
26832
16:53:54,720 --> 16:53:55,720
players uh you need to have some of a
26833
16:53:56,956 --> 16:53:57,956
media player to play the correct form of
26834
16:53:59,840 --> 16:54:00,840
uh compressed audio when you have audio
26835
16:54:02,160 --> 16:54:03,160
it's actually quite large what we do is
26836
16:54:04,480 --> 16:54:05,480
compress it mp3 is a compressed audio
26837
16:54:07,276 --> 16:54:08,276
format to allow you to listen to it
26838
16:54:10,080 --> 16:54:11,080
and transfer it over the internet and
26839
16:54:11,596 --> 16:54:12,596
keep it small that's why certain formats
26840
16:54:13,916 --> 16:54:14,916
are bigger than others and have a
26841
16:54:15,360 --> 16:54:16,360
certain deal of quality to them
26842
16:54:17,916 --> 16:54:18,916
if they're more compressed you're going
26843
16:54:19,116 --> 16:54:20,116
to have less quality
26844
16:54:20,480 --> 16:54:21,480
and
26845
16:54:21,436 --> 16:54:22,436
most people might not even notice again
26846
16:54:23,756 --> 16:54:24,756
this is the reason why the eighth inch
26847
16:54:25,040 --> 16:54:26,040
jacks still work for most people
26848
16:54:27,520 --> 16:54:28,520
so that's all i have to really say about
26849
16:54:29,680 --> 16:54:30,680
the audio again not not a lot on that
26850
16:54:32,636 --> 16:54:33,636
the cd player chord that's the big one i
26851
16:54:34,560 --> 16:54:35,560
see on the exam a lot now let's talk
26852
16:54:36,880 --> 16:54:37,880
about um peripherals expanding the
26853
16:54:39,680 --> 16:54:40,680
devices i want to go into a little bit
26854
16:54:41,276 --> 16:54:42,276
more about the ports such as usb etc
26855
16:54:47,390 --> 16:54:48,390
[Music]
26856
16:55:07,756 --> 16:55:08,756
peripherals input and output ports
26857
16:55:11,200 --> 16:55:12,200
now let's spend a little time reviewing
26858
16:55:13,040 --> 16:55:14,040
and going back over in a little more
26859
16:55:14,480 --> 16:55:15,480
depth some of the input and output ports
26860
16:55:16,560 --> 16:55:17,560
that allow us to plug up peripherals in
26861
16:55:18,796 --> 16:55:19,796
to our computers and peripherals or
26862
16:55:20,720 --> 16:55:21,720
anything that add to the functionality
26863
16:55:22,560 --> 16:55:23,560
of the computer on the outside for
26864
16:55:24,400 --> 16:55:25,400
instance a printer would be a peripheral
26865
16:55:26,560 --> 16:55:27,560
or scanner so let's talk about some of
26866
16:55:29,680 --> 16:55:30,680
these input output ports and what an
26867
16:55:31,596 --> 16:55:32,596
input output port is first of all and
26868
16:55:34,240 --> 16:55:35,240
then we'll look at these ports and these
26869
16:55:36,000 --> 16:55:37,000
are the ones we need to know for the
26870
16:55:37,040 --> 16:55:38,040
exam usb and we're going to talk about
26871
16:55:39,596 --> 16:55:40,596
troubleshooting usb
26872
16:55:42,320 --> 16:55:43,320
firewire otherwise known as ieee 1394
26873
16:55:46,160 --> 16:55:47,160
serial ports which are older as well as
26874
16:55:48,480 --> 16:55:49,480
parallel ports also older
26875
16:55:51,040 --> 16:55:52,040
ps2 ports another old
26876
16:55:54,160 --> 16:55:55,160
all three of these are actually
26877
16:55:56,400 --> 16:55:57,400
quite old you're not really going to see
26878
16:55:57,680 --> 16:55:58,680
them anymore but they do pop up on the
26879
16:55:59,360 --> 16:56:00,360
exam which is the reason i cover them
26880
16:56:01,520 --> 16:56:02,520
and then bluetooth which is a wireless
26881
16:56:03,756 --> 16:56:04,756
connection not so much a port
26882
16:56:06,000 --> 16:56:07,000
as much as a logical port as a more
26883
16:56:08,796 --> 16:56:09,796
logical port than a physical port is
26884
16:56:10,160 --> 16:56:11,160
what i mean to say
26885
16:56:12,880 --> 16:56:13,880
all right
26886
16:56:13,840 --> 16:56:14,840
so first input output ports
26887
16:56:16,240 --> 16:56:17,240
input ports allow you to input
26888
16:56:18,560 --> 16:56:19,560
information by use of a keyboard a mouse
26889
16:56:21,360 --> 16:56:22,360
microphone or any other device such as
26890
16:56:23,436 --> 16:56:24,436
like a barcode scanner or or just a
26891
16:56:26,480 --> 16:56:27,480
plain old scanner
26892
16:56:28,880 --> 16:56:29,880
this allows you to input information
26893
16:56:30,796 --> 16:56:31,796
into the computer tell it something give
26894
16:56:33,520 --> 16:56:34,520
it information
26895
16:56:34,956 --> 16:56:35,956
an output device or an output port
26896
16:56:37,596 --> 16:56:38,596
allows you to take information out a
26897
16:56:40,400 --> 16:56:41,400
printer a monitor speakers these sort of
26898
16:56:43,756 --> 16:56:44,756
things take information and move them
26899
16:56:45,680 --> 16:56:46,680
out
26900
16:56:47,436 --> 16:56:48,436
out of the computer and so when we talk
26901
16:56:50,240 --> 16:56:51,240
about these ports they're generally
26902
16:56:51,756 --> 16:56:52,756
import output ports because they allow
26903
16:56:53,916 --> 16:56:54,916
you to either input and or output
26904
16:56:57,040 --> 16:56:58,040
information okay
26905
16:56:59,756 --> 16:57:00,756
i want you to familiarize yourself with
26906
16:57:01,520 --> 16:57:02,520
these ports since these are the
26907
16:57:02,956 --> 16:57:03,956
important ones to know and these are the
26908
16:57:04,956 --> 16:57:05,956
ones we're going to talk about these are
26909
16:57:06,000 --> 16:57:07,000
the ones that come up on the test first
26910
16:57:08,320 --> 16:57:09,320
of all usb it's used by a wide variety
26911
16:57:11,360 --> 16:57:12,360
of devices
26912
16:57:12,636 --> 16:57:13,636
universal serial bus by the way
26913
16:57:15,200 --> 16:57:16,200
let's just write that up there again
26914
16:57:21,596 --> 16:57:22,596
and um
26915
16:57:22,956 --> 16:57:23,956
nowadays almost anything can connect
26916
16:57:24,636 --> 16:57:25,636
through usb it's become one of the
26917
16:57:26,160 --> 16:57:27,160
ubiquitous standards of connectors and i
26918
16:57:28,956 --> 16:57:29,956
i o ports uh keyboards mice printers
26919
16:57:32,956 --> 16:57:33,956
external hard drives cameras just about
26920
16:57:35,276 --> 16:57:36,276
anything can connect via usb these days
26921
16:57:38,160 --> 16:57:39,160
and the usb cord provides data transfer
26922
16:57:41,756 --> 16:57:42,756
and supplies the power so some devices
26923
16:57:44,240 --> 16:57:45,240
like an external hard drive might have
26924
16:57:45,916 --> 16:57:46,916
an additional power supply but
26925
16:57:48,720 --> 16:57:49,720
if the device is low powered enough it
26926
16:57:50,956 --> 16:57:51,956
can actually be powered through usb just
26927
16:57:53,436 --> 16:57:54,436
like a
26928
16:57:54,480 --> 16:57:55,480
a phone a smartphone nowadays can be
26929
16:57:56,720 --> 16:57:57,720
powered and charged up by connecting it
26930
16:57:58,880 --> 16:57:59,880
through the usb port of your computer
26931
16:58:01,680 --> 16:58:02,680
now the speed of the data transfer port
26932
16:58:04,000 --> 16:58:05,000
depends on the version of usb you're
26933
16:58:05,840 --> 16:58:06,840
using and there are three versions that
26934
16:58:07,276 --> 16:58:08,276
are sort of out there and around the
26935
16:58:08,720 --> 16:58:09,720
first the oldest usb 1.1 there was a 1.0
26936
16:58:12,560 --> 16:58:13,560
but not many people used it and that's
26937
16:58:14,320 --> 16:58:15,320
at about 12 megabits per second nothing
26938
16:58:16,956 --> 16:58:17,956
extraordinary and that's why we have so
26939
16:58:19,360 --> 16:58:20,360
many other ports like firewire that were
26940
16:58:21,520 --> 16:58:22,520
came about before usb was able to sort
26941
16:58:24,080 --> 16:58:25,080
of catch up
26942
16:58:25,520 --> 16:58:26,520
then there's usb 2 which
26943
16:58:27,840 --> 16:58:28,840
ups it quite a lot to 480 megabytes per
26944
16:58:30,956 --> 16:58:31,956
second so that's quite an increase now
26945
16:58:33,040 --> 16:58:34,040
you can see where connecting external
26946
16:58:34,796 --> 16:58:35,796
hard drives is really going to be
26947
16:58:36,000 --> 16:58:37,000
possible
26948
16:58:37,040 --> 16:58:38,040
not just mice we can just now we can't
26949
16:58:39,436 --> 16:58:40,436
just connect just mice and keyboards but
26950
16:58:41,436 --> 16:58:42,436
stuff that requires a faster data rate
26951
16:58:44,000 --> 16:58:45,000
finally we get to usb 3 which allows for
26952
16:58:46,956 --> 16:58:47,956
up to
26953
16:58:48,000 --> 16:58:49,000
5 gigabits per second but is actually
26954
16:58:50,480 --> 16:58:51,480
closer to about 3.2 gigabits per second
26955
16:58:53,916 --> 16:58:54,916
in actuality
26956
16:58:55,520 --> 16:58:56,520
sometimes we have a theoretical and uh
26957
16:58:58,956 --> 16:58:59,956
that is what the technology should be
26958
16:59:01,200 --> 16:59:02,200
able to reach but what it actually
26959
16:59:02,636 --> 16:59:03,636
reaches is something different and just
26960
16:59:04,480 --> 16:59:05,480
over here as we've pointed out before
26961
16:59:06,080 --> 16:59:07,080
this is the symbol that represents usb
26962
16:59:10,796 --> 16:59:11,796
um
26963
16:59:12,160 --> 16:59:13,160
usb can
26964
16:59:14,240 --> 16:59:15,240
a computer with a usb bus can have a
26965
16:59:16,080 --> 16:59:17,080
maximum of 127 devices through one port
26966
16:59:19,756 --> 16:59:20,756
which is quite extraordinary now you can
26967
16:59:22,000 --> 16:59:23,000
do this either by piggybacking off
26968
16:59:23,680 --> 16:59:24,680
another device meaning that you have a
26969
16:59:26,080 --> 16:59:27,080
device that's connected to the computer
26970
16:59:28,240 --> 16:59:29,240
so just put computer there and then you
26971
16:59:30,956 --> 16:59:31,956
have another port in it that lets you
26972
16:59:33,360 --> 16:59:34,360
piggyback and so on and so forth however
26973
16:59:35,840 --> 16:59:36,840
a lot of devices don't have more than
26974
16:59:37,520 --> 16:59:38,520
one port what you use is what's called a
26975
16:59:39,756 --> 16:59:40,756
usb hub
26976
16:59:41,360 --> 16:59:42,360
a usb hub allows you to plug up and you
26977
16:59:43,276 --> 16:59:44,276
can see this is a usb 2 hub allows you
26978
16:59:45,840 --> 16:59:46,840
to plug
26979
16:59:47,116 --> 16:59:48,116
one you plug that
26980
16:59:49,040 --> 16:59:50,040
you know
26981
16:59:50,160 --> 16:59:51,160
cable into your computer and now one
26982
16:59:53,840 --> 16:59:54,840
port becomes three ports if you want to
26983
16:59:55,756 --> 16:59:56,756
add to this you simply use another usb
26984
16:59:58,080 --> 16:59:59,080
hub in piggyback and you can have up to
26985
17:00:00,360 --> 17:00:01,360
127 devices on one port which is quite
26986
17:00:03,756 --> 17:00:04,756
extraordinary considering previously you
26987
17:00:06,320 --> 17:00:07,320
could have one on a device
26988
17:00:09,596 --> 17:00:10,596
cable lengths will vary on the usb
26989
17:00:11,436 --> 17:00:12,436
specification i don't see this pop up on
26990
17:00:13,276 --> 17:00:14,276
the test a lot but usb 1.1 and usb 3 are
26991
17:00:17,040 --> 17:00:18,040
three meters long for those of you in
26992
17:00:19,276 --> 17:00:20,276
the states
26993
17:00:20,720 --> 17:00:21,720
it's about 9 to 10 feet
26994
17:00:23,360 --> 17:00:24,360
usb 2 allowed a little bit longer
26995
17:00:25,756 --> 17:00:26,756
maximum length of 5 meters again
26996
17:00:30,080 --> 17:00:31,080
if you need something that's going to be
26997
17:00:31,680 --> 17:00:32,680
so distant that it needs more than that
26998
17:00:34,080 --> 17:00:35,080
space sometimes you can find an
26999
17:00:35,520 --> 17:00:36,520
extension cord that will work but it's
27000
17:00:37,040 --> 17:00:38,040
going to degrade the signal and your
27001
17:00:38,796 --> 17:00:39,796
speed is therefore going to degrade as
27002
17:00:40,560 --> 17:00:41,560
well and not to mention you might have
27003
17:00:42,636 --> 17:00:43,636
certain errors that occur
27004
17:00:44,796 --> 17:00:45,796
there are two types of usb
27005
17:00:47,040 --> 17:00:48,040
connectors
27006
17:00:49,596 --> 17:00:50,596
both of them have four pins
27007
17:00:51,520 --> 17:00:52,520
there's a plus five volt pin that gives
27008
17:00:54,080 --> 17:00:55,080
power
27009
17:00:54,956 --> 17:00:55,956
then there's a positive and negative
27010
17:00:56,480 --> 17:00:57,480
data pin and finally there's a ground
27011
17:00:58,480 --> 17:00:59,480
pin
27012
17:00:59,520 --> 17:01:00,520
you can sort of see those in here
27013
17:01:02,240 --> 17:01:03,240
if you look
27014
17:01:03,276 --> 17:01:04,276
now there are two types of connectors
27015
17:01:05,436 --> 17:01:06,436
the type a connectors and the type b
27016
17:01:08,000 --> 17:01:09,000
connectors type a is usually on the back
27017
17:01:10,240 --> 17:01:11,240
of a computer on a side of a laptop
27018
17:01:12,480 --> 17:01:13,480
the type b connectors are generally on a
27019
17:01:15,200 --> 17:01:16,200
printer or some other large devices
27020
17:01:18,560 --> 17:01:19,560
generally speaking you're going to see
27021
17:01:19,840 --> 17:01:20,840
this one a lot
27022
17:01:21,436 --> 17:01:22,436
there's also a new type specifically for
27023
17:01:24,080 --> 17:01:25,080
usb 3 that you might see instead of this
27024
17:01:27,116 --> 17:01:28,116
b you'll see a different one it looks
27025
17:01:29,276 --> 17:01:30,276
more like
27026
17:01:31,596 --> 17:01:32,596
this
27027
17:01:32,480 --> 17:01:33,480
that's going to connect to like a usb 3
27028
17:01:34,240 --> 17:01:35,240
device however the one connecting to the
27029
17:01:36,880 --> 17:01:37,880
computer is always going to look the
27030
17:01:38,480 --> 17:01:39,480
same
27031
17:01:40,160 --> 17:01:41,160
there are also mini and micro connectors
27032
17:01:42,560 --> 17:01:43,560
for phones cameras etc i didn't pop
27033
17:01:45,040 --> 17:01:46,040
those up here but i'm sure you've seen
27034
17:01:46,720 --> 17:01:47,720
them if you have a smartphone they're
27035
17:01:48,160 --> 17:01:49,160
just really tiny um and on one side
27036
17:01:51,200 --> 17:01:52,200
again it's always gonna have this sucker
27037
17:01:56,480 --> 17:01:57,480
now when you're troubleshooting usb and
27038
17:01:58,320 --> 17:01:59,320
by the way this blue if you see a blue
27039
17:02:00,400 --> 17:02:01,400
one that's generally going to designate
27040
17:02:02,160 --> 17:02:03,160
a
27041
17:02:03,276 --> 17:02:04,276
usb 3 device firstly you want to make
27042
17:02:05,596 --> 17:02:06,596
sure usb is enabled in the bios okay
27043
17:02:08,240 --> 17:02:09,240
just like with
27044
17:02:11,596 --> 17:02:12,596
our
27045
17:02:12,636 --> 17:02:13,636
display and audio we need to make sure
27046
17:02:14,796 --> 17:02:15,796
that the bios has the functionality
27047
17:02:18,160 --> 17:02:19,160
it's rare but it might have been shipped
27048
17:02:20,000 --> 17:02:21,000
disabled or you might have accidentally
27049
17:02:21,520 --> 17:02:22,520
disabled it while you were playing
27050
17:02:22,720 --> 17:02:23,720
around in there so it is something to
27051
17:02:24,080 --> 17:02:25,080
check
27052
17:02:25,840 --> 17:02:26,840
also you may you might have to update
27053
17:02:28,240 --> 17:02:29,240
the firmware of your bios or of the
27054
17:02:30,160 --> 17:02:31,160
computer
27055
17:02:31,436 --> 17:02:32,436
to
27056
17:02:32,320 --> 17:02:33,320
for instance of the motherboard rather
27057
17:02:34,240 --> 17:02:35,240
to ensure that it accepts usb
27058
17:02:37,040 --> 17:02:38,040
usually you're going to be doing that if
27059
17:02:38,320 --> 17:02:39,320
you're trying to move up to like usb 3
27060
17:02:40,560 --> 17:02:41,560
not so much for usb usb has been around
27061
17:02:42,636 --> 17:02:43,636
for long enough now that i don't think
27062
17:02:44,480 --> 17:02:45,480
you'd be hard-pressed to find any device
27063
17:02:46,636 --> 17:02:47,636
any motherboard rather that
27064
17:02:48,400 --> 17:02:49,400
wouldn't support usb
27065
17:02:50,560 --> 17:02:51,560
if you're using usb 3 devices you also
27066
17:02:52,560 --> 17:02:53,560
want to make sure you're using the right
27067
17:02:54,000 --> 17:02:55,000
cable
27068
17:02:54,880 --> 17:02:55,880
the right port the right software
27069
17:02:56,956 --> 17:02:57,956
generally speaking usb 3 is backwards
27070
17:02:59,200 --> 17:03:00,200
compatible meaning it will operate with
27071
17:03:01,040 --> 17:03:02,040
a usb 2 port or usb 2 cord
27072
17:03:04,000 --> 17:03:05,000
however you're not going to get
27073
17:03:06,160 --> 17:03:07,160
those
27074
17:03:07,040 --> 17:03:08,040
speeds that you're really benefiting
27075
17:03:08,480 --> 17:03:09,480
from with usb 3. and as you could tell
27076
17:03:10,956 --> 17:03:11,956
from before you're really getting quite
27077
17:03:12,880 --> 17:03:13,880
an increase in speed so it would be a
27078
17:03:14,880 --> 17:03:15,880
shame to have a usb 3 port and not be
27079
17:03:16,956 --> 17:03:17,956
able to use it
27080
17:03:18,720 --> 17:03:19,720
next there's ieee 1394. i want to
27081
17:03:21,360 --> 17:03:22,360
describe what ieee is first of all
27082
17:03:23,040 --> 17:03:24,040
that's the institute of electr
27083
17:03:24,560 --> 17:03:25,560
electrical and electronics engineers um
27084
17:03:28,080 --> 17:03:29,080
it's a not-for-profit organization and
27085
17:03:29,840 --> 17:03:30,840
basically what it does is create
27086
17:03:31,116 --> 17:03:32,116
standards for cables connectors uh all
27087
17:03:33,840 --> 17:03:34,840
sorts of technology and so what this is
27088
17:03:36,000 --> 17:03:37,000
is the ieee standard 1394.
27089
17:03:39,200 --> 17:03:40,200
we'll see ieee come back over and over
27090
17:03:41,520 --> 17:03:42,520
again when we're talking about any sort
27091
17:03:43,116 --> 17:03:44,116
of electronics or networking for that
27092
17:03:45,520 --> 17:03:46,520
matter
27093
17:03:46,636 --> 17:03:47,636
and this is really used for devices that
27094
17:03:49,200 --> 17:03:50,200
need low latency
27095
17:03:51,200 --> 17:03:52,200
real-time data transfer
27096
17:03:53,596 --> 17:03:54,596
in other words i need to make sure that
27097
17:03:55,840 --> 17:03:56,840
when it's sent i get it pretty quickly
27098
17:03:58,080 --> 17:03:59,080
afterwards and what we're really going
27099
17:03:59,840 --> 17:04:00,840
to see that with is camcorders
27100
17:04:02,560 --> 17:04:03,560
or cameras
27101
17:04:05,680 --> 17:04:06,680
all right if you're doing video editing
27102
17:04:08,320 --> 17:04:09,320
the benefit to firewire is you can
27103
17:04:11,276 --> 17:04:12,276
generally control the
27104
17:04:13,276 --> 17:04:14,276
device the camera while you're editing
27105
17:04:15,596 --> 17:04:16,596
so it allows you just a lot more freedom
27106
17:04:17,756 --> 17:04:18,756
with that nowadays a lot of film editing
27107
17:04:19,916 --> 17:04:20,916
is done
27108
17:04:20,956 --> 17:04:21,956
onto solid state drives anyways
27109
17:04:23,276 --> 17:04:24,276
so going playing forward and back isn't
27110
17:04:26,000 --> 17:04:27,000
as necessary and firewire is sort of
27111
17:04:28,000 --> 17:04:29,000
losing its edge
27112
17:04:29,916 --> 17:04:30,916
so as i said music or video that's
27113
17:04:31,680 --> 17:04:32,680
really when you're going to see firewire
27114
17:04:33,680 --> 17:04:34,680
hit the market
27115
17:04:35,116 --> 17:04:36,116
like usb you can have up to 63 devices
27116
17:04:38,240 --> 17:04:39,240
that can be powered by one computer
27117
17:04:40,880 --> 17:04:41,880
that's not all in one port
27118
17:04:43,200 --> 17:04:44,200
you do have to have more than one port
27119
17:04:45,436 --> 17:04:46,436
i don't know what the
27120
17:04:47,040 --> 17:04:48,040
how many i think it's 27 perhaps on one
27121
17:04:49,436 --> 17:04:50,436
single port but you can have up to 63
27122
17:04:52,000 --> 17:04:53,000
devices total
27123
17:04:54,560 --> 17:04:55,560
uh there we go 16 devices per chain i
27124
17:04:56,956 --> 17:04:57,956
was wrong not 27. so you can have 16
27125
17:05:00,080 --> 17:05:01,080
piggybacked off one another before you
27126
17:05:02,560 --> 17:05:03,560
need to plug another one into a direct
27127
17:05:04,400 --> 17:05:05,400
port
27128
17:05:05,200 --> 17:05:06,200
generally you would upgrade this by
27129
17:05:07,200 --> 17:05:08,200
installing another
27130
17:05:08,880 --> 17:05:09,880
firewire onto a
27131
17:05:12,160 --> 17:05:13,160
pci
27132
17:05:13,436 --> 17:05:14,436
slot for instance
27133
17:05:16,956 --> 17:05:17,956
this is also known as firewire as i
27134
17:05:18,720 --> 17:05:19,720
mentioned not just ieee 1394 this was a
27135
17:05:21,756 --> 17:05:22,756
name given it by apple computers um it's
27136
17:05:24,956 --> 17:05:25,956
now been supplanted by their thunderbolt
27137
17:05:27,520 --> 17:05:28,520
technology which is not covered on a
27138
17:05:29,276 --> 17:05:30,276
plus
27139
17:05:32,000 --> 17:05:33,000
the serial port so let's take a step
27140
17:05:33,436 --> 17:05:34,436
back in time serial port is one of the
27141
17:05:35,520 --> 17:05:36,520
oldest uh
27142
17:05:37,520 --> 17:05:38,520
forms of
27143
17:05:39,840 --> 17:05:40,840
input output ports
27144
17:05:42,320 --> 17:05:43,320
usb and firewire are both serial buses
27145
17:05:45,596 --> 17:05:46,596
meaning that the data is transferred one
27146
17:05:47,436 --> 17:05:48,436
bit at a time so it shares a very common
27147
17:05:49,840 --> 17:05:50,840
trait with serial port
27148
17:05:52,796 --> 17:05:53,796
however this original nine pin serial
27149
17:05:55,756 --> 17:05:56,756
port is known as a de-9 and there were
27150
17:05:58,320 --> 17:05:59,320
de15s as well
27151
17:06:00,560 --> 17:06:01,560
so sometimes you can look out for that
27152
17:06:02,000 --> 17:06:03,000
again this is a male connector because
27153
17:06:05,200 --> 17:06:06,200
obviously the pins are sticking out
27154
17:06:08,636 --> 17:06:09,636
this was also known as a com port mostly
27155
17:06:11,040 --> 17:06:12,040
because it was used a lot with external
27156
17:06:13,040 --> 17:06:14,040
modems and it was used to communicate
27157
17:06:15,436 --> 17:06:16,436
directly with networking equipment it
27158
17:06:17,596 --> 17:06:18,596
still is in fact if you're going to work
27159
17:06:18,880 --> 17:06:19,880
on a cisco device um you want to make
27160
17:06:21,276 --> 17:06:22,276
sure that you're i know a lot of places
27161
17:06:23,040 --> 17:06:24,040
that they still require
27162
17:06:24,796 --> 17:06:25,796
serial ports on their laptops so they
27163
17:06:26,480 --> 17:06:27,480
can interface directly with a router
27164
17:06:30,956 --> 17:06:31,956
cisco router for instance
27165
17:06:32,956 --> 17:06:33,956
to make changes to some of the routing
27166
17:06:35,756 --> 17:06:36,756
tables in there
27167
17:06:38,400 --> 17:06:39,400
it's also used for game controllers like
27168
17:06:40,400 --> 17:06:41,400
joysticks or it was uh nowadays that has
27169
17:06:44,080 --> 17:06:45,080
been supplanted mostly with usb
27170
17:06:47,276 --> 17:06:48,276
so it's really rarely in today's
27171
17:06:49,116 --> 17:06:50,116
motherboards i hardly see it
27172
17:06:51,436 --> 17:06:52,436
unless again you need it because you're
27173
17:06:53,596 --> 17:06:54,596
trying to work with
27174
17:06:55,116 --> 17:06:56,116
a
27175
17:06:56,880 --> 17:06:57,880
router or a cisco device a network
27176
17:06:58,956 --> 17:06:59,956
device like that
27177
17:07:01,436 --> 17:07:02,436
parallel ports you can tell from this
27178
17:07:04,080 --> 17:07:05,080
label right here mostly printer ports
27179
17:07:06,400 --> 17:07:07,400
parallel because it delivers more than
27180
17:07:08,080 --> 17:07:09,080
one bit of data at a time generally
27181
17:07:10,560 --> 17:07:11,560
eight at a time
27182
17:07:12,880 --> 17:07:13,880
the 25 db 25 port right here known as a
27183
17:07:17,040 --> 17:07:18,040
printer port generally also might be
27184
17:07:19,360 --> 17:07:20,360
referenced as a lpt port
27185
17:07:23,360 --> 17:07:24,360
which i mentioned right here sometimes
27186
17:07:25,520 --> 17:07:26,520
old scuzzy devices which we talked about
27187
17:07:27,436 --> 17:07:28,436
or scanners also connected through a
27188
17:07:29,200 --> 17:07:30,200
parallel port
27189
17:07:30,480 --> 17:07:31,480
again been supplanted mostly by usb so
27190
17:07:33,276 --> 17:07:34,276
we don't see it a lot anymore but you
27191
17:07:35,116 --> 17:07:36,116
might see it pop up on the exam which is
27192
17:07:36,636 --> 17:07:37,636
why i cover it we talked about ps2 ports
27193
17:07:39,596 --> 17:07:40,596
let's review them really quickly this is
27194
17:07:41,756 --> 17:07:42,756
for connecting keyboards and mice to
27195
17:07:43,840 --> 17:07:44,840
your desktop or your laptop again been
27196
17:07:46,000 --> 17:07:47,000
replaced by usb
27197
17:07:48,000 --> 17:07:49,000
in this color scheme generally the
27198
17:07:50,400 --> 17:07:51,400
keyboard
27199
17:07:51,520 --> 17:07:52,520
ports are purple and the mouse ports are
27200
17:07:54,560 --> 17:07:55,560
green
27201
17:07:56,480 --> 17:07:57,480
after about 20 years replaced by usb and
27202
17:07:59,360 --> 17:08:00,360
now even being replaced by bluetooth
27203
17:08:01,436 --> 17:08:02,436
technology since you don't even need a
27204
17:08:03,200 --> 17:08:04,200
cord to plug up a mouse and keyboard to
27205
17:08:05,680 --> 17:08:06,680
a
27206
17:08:06,560 --> 17:08:07,560
computer nowadays
27207
17:08:09,840 --> 17:08:10,840
so let's talk about bluetooth that's
27208
17:08:11,436 --> 17:08:12,436
sort of the newest of all these
27209
17:08:13,116 --> 17:08:14,116
technologies
27210
17:08:14,480 --> 17:08:15,480
except for maybe usb3 it's a wireless
27211
17:08:17,436 --> 17:08:18,436
option for peripherals and basically
27212
17:08:18,956 --> 17:08:19,956
what it what it is is a short range low
27213
17:08:21,756 --> 17:08:22,756
speed wireless network just like the
27214
17:08:23,840 --> 17:08:24,840
wireless network that's going to get you
27215
17:08:25,116 --> 17:08:26,116
internet access it runs in the same 2.4
27216
17:08:28,320 --> 17:08:29,320
gigahertz frequency actually that many
27217
17:08:31,040 --> 17:08:32,040
of the wireless standards that we'll
27218
17:08:32,796 --> 17:08:33,796
talk about a little later also run on
27219
17:08:35,200 --> 17:08:36,200
um and so it can cause a bit of uh
27220
17:08:38,956 --> 17:08:39,956
conflict with a wireless
27221
17:08:41,916 --> 17:08:42,916
uh signal uh however it works a little
27222
17:08:44,480 --> 17:08:45,480
differently and so it's sort of an
27223
17:08:46,320 --> 17:08:47,320
engineered to work around that this is
27224
17:08:48,560 --> 17:08:49,560
an important note i see on the test a
27225
17:08:50,160 --> 17:08:51,160
lot the network that it creates
27226
17:08:53,276 --> 17:08:54,276
when it connects to many devices is
27227
17:08:55,276 --> 17:08:56,276
called a pan a personal area network
27228
17:08:58,240 --> 17:08:59,240
okay so that's just an important
27229
17:09:00,240 --> 17:09:01,240
distinction if you see what device makes
27230
17:09:02,240 --> 17:09:03,240
a or what technology creates a pan a
27231
17:09:04,480 --> 17:09:05,480
personal area network that is bluetooth
27232
17:09:08,400 --> 17:09:09,400
the version 1.2 the one that um
27233
17:09:12,080 --> 17:09:13,080
was before the current version offered
27234
17:09:14,000 --> 17:09:15,000
one megabit per second version two is
27235
17:09:15,916 --> 17:09:16,916
three megabits per second not very fast
27236
17:09:18,480 --> 17:09:19,480
so it's not great for file transfer what
27237
17:09:20,480 --> 17:09:21,480
it is good for is uh headphones um
27238
17:09:24,320 --> 17:09:25,320
especially for like smartphones
27239
17:09:26,000 --> 17:09:27,000
keyboards a lot of the time now and mice
27240
17:09:28,480 --> 17:09:29,480
as well
27241
17:09:30,480 --> 17:09:31,480
again most bluetooth devices are a class
27242
17:09:34,160 --> 17:09:35,160
2 which means that they have a range of
27243
17:09:36,320 --> 17:09:37,320
about 10 meters not a lot this is a
27244
17:09:39,276 --> 17:09:40,276
number you want to remember since
27245
17:09:40,796 --> 17:09:41,796
sometimes it will ask
27246
17:09:42,636 --> 17:09:43,636
what is the range of bluetooth
27247
17:09:44,560 --> 17:09:45,560
okay and class 2 10 meters
27248
17:09:48,160 --> 17:09:49,160
so we've just given an overview of some
27249
17:09:50,000 --> 17:09:51,000
input output ports including the
27250
17:09:51,436 --> 17:09:52,436
universal serial bus usb we're currently
27251
17:09:54,240 --> 17:09:55,240
on version 3. i'm sure version 4 is
27252
17:09:56,080 --> 17:09:57,080
coming out soon we talked about
27253
17:09:57,840 --> 17:09:58,840
troubleshooting it the main thing we
27254
17:09:59,276 --> 17:10:00,276
talked about there was you could um
27255
17:10:01,200 --> 17:10:02,200
connect up to 127 devices
27256
17:10:03,840 --> 17:10:04,840
one thing i want to point out i don't
27257
17:10:05,116 --> 17:10:06,116
think it was made clear in the
27258
17:10:06,720 --> 17:10:07,720
slides although we mentioned it in
27259
17:10:08,080 --> 17:10:09,080
passing
27260
17:10:09,520 --> 17:10:10,520
if you have 127 devices all trying to
27261
17:10:11,840 --> 17:10:12,840
feed power off of one usb port you're
27262
17:10:15,200 --> 17:10:16,200
going to overwhelm that usb port so if
27263
17:10:18,080 --> 17:10:19,080
you have a hub for instance plugged up
27264
17:10:20,636 --> 17:10:21,636
to that usb port sometimes you do is
27265
17:10:22,560 --> 17:10:23,560
you'll have what's called a powered hub
27266
17:10:26,400 --> 17:10:27,400
okay that adds
27267
17:10:28,480 --> 17:10:29,480
basically
27268
17:10:29,756 --> 17:10:30,756
you would have the usb
27269
17:10:32,000 --> 17:10:33,000
you know
27270
17:10:33,436 --> 17:10:34,436
port here and then you would also have
27271
17:10:36,240 --> 17:10:37,240
a power connector that way this um
27272
17:10:39,680 --> 17:10:40,680
if we just said there were four other
27273
17:10:43,200 --> 17:10:44,200
connectors here maybe let's say five
27274
17:10:44,880 --> 17:10:45,880
just for um for fun
27275
17:10:47,520 --> 17:10:48,520
that's gonna add power to this usb hub
27276
17:10:50,320 --> 17:10:51,320
which in turn will allow more devices to
27277
17:10:52,880 --> 17:10:53,880
get power so sometimes you want to have
27278
17:10:54,400 --> 17:10:55,400
a powered hub especially if you're going
27279
17:10:55,916 --> 17:10:56,916
to be connecting say a lot of external
27280
17:10:58,080 --> 17:10:59,080
hard drives or cd drives something
27281
17:11:00,000 --> 17:11:01,000
that's really going to take a lot of
27282
17:11:01,116 --> 17:11:02,116
power
27283
17:11:02,240 --> 17:11:03,240
we talked about firewire or ieee 1394
27284
17:11:05,916 --> 17:11:06,916
mostly used for cameras and editing
27285
17:11:11,596 --> 17:11:12,596
serial ports
27286
17:11:14,080 --> 17:11:15,080
used to be also a com port a lot of
27287
17:11:16,320 --> 17:11:17,320
modems used to connect through that okay
27288
17:11:20,240 --> 17:11:21,240
parallel ports also referenced as an lpt
27289
17:11:23,840 --> 17:11:24,840
port lpt-1 port
27290
17:11:26,400 --> 17:11:27,400
and that's generally a printer port if
27291
17:11:29,360 --> 17:11:30,360
you see that
27292
17:11:30,560 --> 17:11:31,560
again the serial port is a nine pin
27293
17:11:33,756 --> 17:11:34,756
generally speaking and the parallel port
27294
17:11:36,160 --> 17:11:37,160
is a 25 pin
27295
17:11:38,636 --> 17:11:39,636
ps2 used to be how we connected our
27296
17:11:41,200 --> 17:11:42,200
mice and keyboards
27297
17:11:44,480 --> 17:11:45,480
nowadays
27298
17:11:46,560 --> 17:11:47,560
that's been replaced by bluetooth and
27299
17:11:49,360 --> 17:11:50,360
by a usb and again bluetooth creates
27300
17:11:53,436 --> 17:11:54,436
a personal area network
27301
17:11:56,956 --> 17:11:57,956
so we've talked about these input output
27302
17:11:58,636 --> 17:11:59,636
ports i want to talk specifically about
27303
17:12:00,480 --> 17:12:01,480
some specialty peripheral devices now
27304
17:12:02,796 --> 17:12:03,796
just really quickly that i've seen pop
27305
17:12:04,400 --> 17:12:05,400
up on the exam and so i want to make
27306
17:12:05,916 --> 17:12:06,916
sure you're prepared for them
27307
17:12:10,620 --> 17:12:11,620
[Music]
27308
17:12:31,200 --> 17:12:32,200
peripherals important devices
27309
17:12:34,796 --> 17:12:35,796
i just want to briefly talk about some
27310
17:12:36,956 --> 17:12:37,956
important devices that might not have
27311
17:12:38,720 --> 17:12:39,720
been covered in other parts of this um
27312
17:12:42,880 --> 17:12:43,880
of these videos that are important
27313
17:12:45,360 --> 17:12:46,360
relevant to peripherals and that i find
27314
17:12:47,916 --> 17:12:48,916
popping up on the test a lot
27315
17:12:50,160 --> 17:12:51,160
so first of all
27316
17:12:51,680 --> 17:12:52,680
we're going to look at keyboards and
27317
17:12:52,880 --> 17:12:53,880
mice and some
27318
17:12:54,636 --> 17:12:55,636
special
27319
17:12:55,680 --> 17:12:56,680
things to keep in mind about them
27320
17:12:58,080 --> 17:12:59,080
then we'll look at kvm switches which i
27321
17:13:00,160 --> 17:13:01,160
think we have talked about but i want to
27322
17:13:01,520 --> 17:13:02,520
talk about them again
27323
17:13:03,116 --> 17:13:04,116
and then barcode scanners which for some
27324
17:13:04,956 --> 17:13:05,956
reason i see pop up on the exam quite a
27325
17:13:06,636 --> 17:13:07,636
bit and i want to point out some
27326
17:13:07,916 --> 17:13:08,916
pertinent details about them
27327
17:13:10,880 --> 17:13:11,880
first with keyboards and mice these are
27328
17:13:12,956 --> 17:13:13,956
devices that are also called hids or
27329
17:13:16,080 --> 17:13:17,080
human interface devices because they
27330
17:13:18,636 --> 17:13:19,636
allow the human to interface with the
27331
17:13:20,560 --> 17:13:21,560
computer
27332
17:13:21,840 --> 17:13:22,840
they're commonly separate on desktop
27333
17:13:23,756 --> 17:13:24,756
computers but on a laptop we've already
27334
17:13:26,796 --> 17:13:27,796
talked about how they're sort of
27335
17:13:27,840 --> 17:13:28,840
integrated and you can buy devices like
27336
17:13:30,560 --> 17:13:31,560
this that actually integrate the
27337
17:13:32,880 --> 17:13:33,880
keyboard and the mouse
27338
17:13:34,880 --> 17:13:35,880
making a combo keyboard and mouse by the
27339
17:13:37,200 --> 17:13:38,200
way this is a trackball
27340
17:13:39,916 --> 17:13:40,916
symbol to one mice so they get a track
27341
17:13:41,756 --> 17:13:42,756
ball sometimes you'll see a track pad
27342
17:13:43,200 --> 17:13:44,200
here as well it works exactly the way uh
27343
17:13:46,080 --> 17:13:47,080
a mice uh mouse does
27344
17:13:48,480 --> 17:13:49,480
now if the on this integrated keyboard
27345
17:13:51,436 --> 17:13:52,436
mouse
27346
17:13:52,560 --> 17:13:53,560
if the mouse breaks and sometimes i see
27347
17:13:54,480 --> 17:13:55,480
this question if this mouse breaks
27348
17:13:56,880 --> 17:13:57,880
then in fact the entire thing the
27349
17:13:59,916 --> 17:14:00,916
keyboard has in fact broken
27350
17:14:02,480 --> 17:14:03,480
not just
27351
17:14:03,756 --> 17:14:04,756
um
27352
17:14:04,720 --> 17:14:05,720
the mouse so sometimes i see a question
27353
17:14:06,560 --> 17:14:07,560
that says something like
27354
17:14:08,840 --> 17:14:09,840
uh what happens if the mouse on an
27355
17:14:12,320 --> 17:14:13,320
integrated keyboard breaks what do you
27356
17:14:14,880 --> 17:14:15,880
have to replace and the answer is the
27357
17:14:16,880 --> 17:14:17,880
keyboard because the keyboard actually
27358
17:14:19,276 --> 17:14:20,276
has the mouse attached to it that's the
27359
17:14:21,116 --> 17:14:22,116
trick here that's why i'm including this
27360
17:14:23,200 --> 17:14:24,200
in this little
27361
17:14:24,400 --> 17:14:25,400
extra video okay
27362
17:14:27,436 --> 17:14:28,436
the keyboard also may require cleaning
27363
17:14:29,680 --> 17:14:30,680
if it has jammed keys and this is where
27364
17:14:31,840 --> 17:14:32,840
a
27365
17:14:33,040 --> 17:14:34,040
say
27366
17:14:35,916 --> 17:14:36,916
vacuum
27367
17:14:37,116 --> 17:14:38,116
electric discharge electrostatic
27368
17:14:38,720 --> 17:14:39,720
discharge vacuum would come in handy to
27369
17:14:40,636 --> 17:14:41,636
help vacuum up some of that
27370
17:14:42,796 --> 17:14:43,796
gunk in there
27371
17:14:44,796 --> 17:14:45,796
if the mouse is jumping around a lot of
27372
17:14:47,116 --> 17:14:48,116
the screen it could be that you need to
27373
17:14:48,636 --> 17:14:49,636
replace the mouse ball or that the
27374
17:14:50,480 --> 17:14:51,480
surface of the mouse isn't working very
27375
17:14:53,116 --> 17:14:54,116
well or if there's a trackball like this
27376
17:14:55,200 --> 17:14:56,200
one there might be some dirt sort of
27377
17:14:57,276 --> 17:14:58,276
inside the inner workings of it
27378
17:14:59,916 --> 17:15:00,916
uh if it's happening on a
27379
17:15:03,520 --> 17:15:04,520
computer it could also be a driver issue
27380
17:15:07,040 --> 17:15:08,040
and
27381
17:15:08,240 --> 17:15:09,240
it could also be a surface issue so what
27382
17:15:10,560 --> 17:15:11,560
i'm uh if i'm using an optical mouse for
27383
17:15:13,200 --> 17:15:14,200
instance especially
27384
17:15:14,880 --> 17:15:15,880
with an optical mouse
27385
17:15:17,436 --> 17:15:18,436
it could be that the
27386
17:15:19,200 --> 17:15:20,200
is reflecting in an odd way optical uses
27387
17:15:22,000 --> 17:15:23,000
lights so it's reflecting in an odd way
27388
17:15:23,680 --> 17:15:24,680
and i'm not getting a nice clean
27389
17:15:25,680 --> 17:15:26,680
uh uh
27390
17:15:27,756 --> 17:15:28,756
the mouse isn't getting a nice clean
27391
17:15:29,116 --> 17:15:30,116
sort of
27392
17:15:30,480 --> 17:15:31,480
signal to work off of and on laptops
27393
17:15:32,796 --> 17:15:33,796
it's likely that your wrist again we've
27394
17:15:34,880 --> 17:15:35,880
mentioned this but if there's a trackpad
27395
17:15:36,480 --> 17:15:37,480
right here and you're typing and the and
27396
17:15:38,400 --> 17:15:39,400
the mouse keeps jumping around your
27397
17:15:40,636 --> 17:15:41,636
wrist is probably running up against
27398
17:15:42,320 --> 17:15:43,320
that trackpad and that's causing the
27399
17:15:44,636 --> 17:15:45,636
issues
27400
17:15:46,880 --> 17:15:47,880
okay a kvm switch
27401
17:15:49,040 --> 17:15:50,040
a kvm switch is a short for
27402
17:15:51,520 --> 17:15:52,520
keyboard video mouse switch and what it
27403
17:15:54,400 --> 17:15:55,400
does is allows you to control multiple
27404
17:15:56,080 --> 17:15:57,080
computers from one mouse keyboard and
27405
17:15:58,080 --> 17:15:59,080
monitor so you can see here
27406
17:16:01,200 --> 17:16:02,200
each one of these goes to a different
27407
17:16:03,520 --> 17:16:04,520
computer
27408
17:16:04,796 --> 17:16:05,796
and each of those computers
27409
17:16:08,080 --> 17:16:09,080
has an led light
27410
17:16:11,200 --> 17:16:12,200
that would turn on when we're
27411
17:16:12,636 --> 17:16:13,636
associating with that
27412
17:16:14,840 --> 17:16:15,840
one this right here would go to the
27413
17:16:18,636 --> 17:16:19,636
monitor of the one monitor that i'm
27414
17:16:21,040 --> 17:16:22,040
actually using so you have a special
27415
17:16:22,880 --> 17:16:23,880
quote you have special cords that plug
27416
17:16:24,320 --> 17:16:25,320
into the kbm switch and then you have
27417
17:16:25,756 --> 17:16:26,756
one set of cords going from the kvm
27418
17:16:28,000 --> 17:16:29,000
switch to one monitor and one set of
27419
17:16:30,160 --> 17:16:31,160
mice nowadays by the way these usually
27420
17:16:32,560 --> 17:16:33,560
are usb ports but still and on the other
27421
17:16:35,916 --> 17:16:36,916
side what you can't see is there's
27422
17:16:37,116 --> 17:16:38,116
probably two ps2 ports for the keyboard
27423
17:16:39,680 --> 17:16:40,680
and mouse
27424
17:16:41,360 --> 17:16:42,360
this allows you to switch between
27425
17:16:43,040 --> 17:16:44,040
devices either using a key combination
27426
17:16:45,916 --> 17:16:46,916
maybe like escape
27427
17:16:47,596 --> 17:16:48,596
z or something or you can press this
27428
17:16:50,000 --> 17:16:51,000
sort of button right here and that would
27429
17:16:52,240 --> 17:16:53,240
let you switch between the different
27430
17:16:53,680 --> 17:16:54,680
devices
27431
17:16:54,796 --> 17:16:55,796
i've never seen these go up beyond 32
27432
17:16:57,116 --> 17:16:58,116
devices so sometimes i have seen 16 i've
27433
17:16:59,436 --> 17:17:00,436
seen 132 kvm switch before i haven't
27434
17:17:02,480 --> 17:17:03,480
seen many more than those these are
27435
17:17:03,916 --> 17:17:04,916
generally going to be used in server
27436
17:17:05,916 --> 17:17:06,916
rooms
27437
17:17:06,956 --> 17:17:07,956
a lot of times we can remote into a
27438
17:17:08,796 --> 17:17:09,796
computer through the network uh so uh
27439
17:17:11,680 --> 17:17:12,680
all i need is an ethernet cord but i
27440
17:17:13,596 --> 17:17:14,596
still want to be able to get root access
27441
17:17:15,436 --> 17:17:16,436
to a computer that means having access
27442
17:17:17,596 --> 17:17:18,596
through a keyboard a mouse and having a
27443
17:17:19,200 --> 17:17:20,200
monitor attached to it why buy 16 sets
27444
17:17:22,240 --> 17:17:23,240
of keyboards mice and monitors and who
27445
17:17:23,840 --> 17:17:24,840
has the space for it when i can buy one
27446
17:17:25,840 --> 17:17:26,840
set and that's what a kvm switch allows
27447
17:17:30,000 --> 17:17:31,000
finally barcode scanners
27448
17:17:31,916 --> 17:17:32,916
what they do is they measure the
27449
17:17:33,596 --> 17:17:34,596
reflections
27450
17:17:35,360 --> 17:17:36,360
if we've seen a barcode right
27451
17:17:38,240 --> 17:17:39,240
i'm just kind of making a very terrible
27452
17:17:41,596 --> 17:17:42,596
bar code
27453
17:17:42,720 --> 17:17:43,720
there's a laser that goes across this
27454
17:17:44,956 --> 17:17:45,956
barcode and measures the black and white
27455
17:17:47,360 --> 17:17:48,360
lines and the reflections and translates
27456
17:17:49,596 --> 17:17:50,596
that into a number that number then can
27457
17:17:51,840 --> 17:17:52,840
be searched on the system
27458
17:17:54,160 --> 17:17:55,160
to get a price or a product or whatever
27459
17:17:56,240 --> 17:17:57,240
and that's why they're used in stores
27460
17:17:58,560 --> 17:17:59,560
what's important though is you need to
27461
17:18:00,480 --> 17:18:01,480
tell the computer
27462
17:18:02,000 --> 17:18:03,000
or the scanner depending on how it's
27463
17:18:03,680 --> 17:18:04,680
working what each code means by
27464
17:18:06,240 --> 17:18:07,240
inputting it so if i scan this barcode
27465
17:18:09,040 --> 17:18:10,040
that might give me a number but i might
27466
17:18:11,040 --> 17:18:12,040
a not know what that number me the
27467
17:18:12,480 --> 17:18:13,480
computer rather might not know what that
27468
17:18:14,320 --> 17:18:15,320
number means or might not even be able
27469
17:18:16,320 --> 17:18:17,320
to read the number because it hasn't
27470
17:18:17,360 --> 17:18:18,360
been calibrated properly so one thing i
27471
17:18:19,276 --> 17:18:20,276
see pop up on the test is when you're
27472
17:18:20,796 --> 17:18:21,796
installing a barcode scanner you need to
27473
17:18:23,276 --> 17:18:24,276
make sure that you have
27474
17:18:26,560 --> 17:18:27,560
set up all the codes properly and
27475
17:18:28,560 --> 17:18:29,560
installed those along with the barcode
27476
17:18:30,796 --> 17:18:31,796
scanner something i just wanted to point
27477
17:18:32,480 --> 17:18:33,480
out
27478
17:18:33,436 --> 17:18:34,436
generally you're going to plug this in
27479
17:18:34,956 --> 17:18:35,956
via usb might be plugged in via a serial
27480
17:18:38,400 --> 17:18:39,400
port or some other form but most of the
27481
17:18:40,720 --> 17:18:41,720
time nowadays usb of course with iphones
27482
17:18:44,080 --> 17:18:45,080
and such it's all done wirelessly as
27483
17:18:45,916 --> 17:18:46,916
well
27484
17:18:47,916 --> 17:18:48,916
so just a brief video talking about the
27485
17:18:49,680 --> 17:18:50,680
keyboards in mice specifically i wanted
27486
17:18:51,596 --> 17:18:52,596
to mention those integrated keyboards
27487
17:18:53,756 --> 17:18:54,756
and mice okay the kvm switch which is a
27488
17:18:57,200 --> 17:18:58,200
keyboard
27489
17:18:59,840 --> 17:19:00,840
video
27490
17:19:01,596 --> 17:19:02,596
and mouse switch that allows you to
27491
17:19:03,840 --> 17:19:04,840
control
27492
17:19:09,756 --> 17:19:10,756
uh multiple computers
27493
17:19:16,240 --> 17:19:17,240
with one set of controls okay one set of
27494
17:19:20,796 --> 17:19:21,796
a monitor a keyboard
27495
17:19:23,436 --> 17:19:24,436
and a mouse
27496
17:19:26,480 --> 17:19:27,480
finally barcode scanners the thing we
27497
17:19:28,080 --> 17:19:29,080
mentioned with this that's important is
27498
17:19:30,000 --> 17:19:31,000
they measure the reflection off of the
27499
17:19:32,160 --> 17:19:33,160
white and black lines sometimes people
27500
17:19:34,240 --> 17:19:35,240
will say they measure the space between
27501
17:19:35,840 --> 17:19:36,840
them either one is correct and you have
27502
17:19:37,916 --> 17:19:38,916
to
27503
17:19:38,956 --> 17:19:39,956
install uh the codes
27504
17:19:42,720 --> 17:19:43,720
along with the device so i just wanted
27505
17:19:45,040 --> 17:19:46,040
to talk about those real quickly bring
27506
17:19:46,720 --> 17:19:47,720
those up since i have seen those
27507
17:19:48,636 --> 17:19:49,636
specifically come up on the exam and i
27508
17:19:50,080 --> 17:19:51,080
didn't want you to be caught off guard
27509
17:19:55,150 --> 17:19:56,150
[Music]
27510
17:20:15,596 --> 17:20:16,596
custom computing
27511
17:20:17,276 --> 17:20:18,276
custom pc configurations
27512
17:20:21,436 --> 17:20:22,436
as the title implies on the a plus exam
27513
17:20:24,240 --> 17:20:25,240
there are several examples of custom pc
27514
17:20:27,040 --> 17:20:28,040
configurations they're going to ask you
27515
17:20:28,720 --> 17:20:29,720
about now i've selected the ones that i
27516
17:20:31,040 --> 17:20:32,040
know they're going to test you on and in
27517
17:20:32,720 --> 17:20:33,720
some cases what they'll do is ask you
27518
17:20:35,520 --> 17:20:36,520
to create the computer based on the
27519
17:20:37,916 --> 17:20:38,916
configuration so i'm going to talk
27520
17:20:39,680 --> 17:20:40,680
specifically about what hardware
27521
17:20:44,400 --> 17:20:45,400
considerations go into each one of these
27522
17:20:46,880 --> 17:20:47,880
configurations so the ones we're going
27523
17:20:49,040 --> 17:20:50,040
to talk about here
27524
17:20:50,720 --> 17:20:51,720
are the audio video graphics editing
27525
17:20:52,880 --> 17:20:53,880
workstations
27526
17:20:54,956 --> 17:20:55,956
uh cad and cam workstations and these
27527
17:20:57,276 --> 17:20:58,276
have similar requirements and we'll talk
27528
17:20:59,360 --> 17:21:00,360
about what those are by the way cad
27529
17:21:00,956 --> 17:21:01,956
which you may have seen before and we'll
27530
17:21:02,560 --> 17:21:03,560
talk about this again is computer aided
27531
17:21:06,000 --> 17:21:07,000
design
27532
17:21:07,596 --> 17:21:08,596
all right so if you've ever seen a movie
27533
17:21:09,596 --> 17:21:10,596
where their pixar working on their
27534
17:21:11,596 --> 17:21:12,596
animations that's a cad station or uh
27535
17:21:14,560 --> 17:21:15,560
someone creating a blueprint
27536
17:21:16,636 --> 17:21:17,636
uh of a of a house for instance that
27537
17:21:18,720 --> 17:21:19,720
would be a cad station as well
27538
17:21:21,116 --> 17:21:22,116
and we're gonna talk about
27539
17:21:21,756 --> 17:21:22,756
virtualization workstations uh it's sort
27540
17:21:24,400 --> 17:21:25,400
of a misnomer but we're talking about
27541
17:21:26,560 --> 17:21:27,560
here are virtual computers
27542
17:21:29,756 --> 17:21:30,756
on larger servers okay so a virtual
27543
17:21:33,680 --> 17:21:34,680
computer uh
27544
17:21:35,916 --> 17:21:36,916
on a
27545
17:21:36,840 --> 17:21:37,840
physical server and the idea being that
27546
17:21:40,400 --> 17:21:41,400
we can have multiple
27547
17:21:43,116 --> 17:21:44,116
different virtual computers on one
27548
17:21:45,756 --> 17:21:46,756
physical and this sort of gets back to
27549
17:21:47,596 --> 17:21:48,596
what we've always talked about with
27550
17:21:48,720 --> 17:21:49,720
computers the logical
27551
17:21:51,596 --> 17:21:52,596
versus physical
27552
17:21:55,596 --> 17:21:56,596
we're going to talk about two types type
27553
17:21:57,276 --> 17:21:58,276
one which is called native and type two
27554
17:21:59,276 --> 17:22:00,276
which is called hosted not sure you
27555
17:22:01,596 --> 17:22:02,596
really need to know these in depth for
27556
17:22:03,680 --> 17:22:04,680
the exam but i want to cover them just
27557
17:22:05,116 --> 17:22:06,116
in case because they are this is
27558
17:22:07,276 --> 17:22:08,276
becoming the sort of new
27559
17:22:10,720 --> 17:22:11,720
key topic in computers
27560
17:22:14,240 --> 17:22:15,240
um then we're going to talk about thin
27561
17:22:16,000 --> 17:22:17,000
and thick clients
27562
17:22:18,956 --> 17:22:19,956
defining how much resources the computer
27563
17:22:22,636 --> 17:22:23,636
itself has is where we get thin and
27564
17:22:25,040 --> 17:22:26,040
thick from we'll talk about that then
27565
17:22:26,956 --> 17:22:27,956
we're going to talk about some home
27566
17:22:28,160 --> 17:22:29,160
considerations home computers
27567
17:22:29,756 --> 17:22:30,756
considerations including a home server
27568
17:22:31,360 --> 17:22:32,360
pc which distinguishes itself from a
27569
17:22:33,436 --> 17:22:34,436
business server a home theater pc which
27570
17:22:36,240 --> 17:22:37,240
is more like a computer that you're
27571
17:22:38,080 --> 17:22:39,080
going to plug up directly to your
27572
17:22:39,916 --> 17:22:40,916
television or tv
27573
17:22:42,320 --> 17:22:43,320
and finally a gaming pc one that is
27574
17:22:44,956 --> 17:22:45,956
specifically geared towards those who do
27575
17:22:46,796 --> 17:22:47,796
a lot of gaming related to almost all of
27576
17:22:49,276 --> 17:22:50,276
these is a technology or a
27577
17:22:52,240 --> 17:22:53,240
way of connecting your video card is
27578
17:22:54,796 --> 17:22:55,796
called scanline interleave which
27579
17:22:57,360 --> 17:22:58,360
involves connecting two
27580
17:23:00,796 --> 17:23:01,796
video cards together and we'll talk
27581
17:23:02,880 --> 17:23:03,880
about that uh as it
27582
17:23:05,276 --> 17:23:06,276
works in relation to everything above
27583
17:23:07,680 --> 17:23:08,680
okay
27584
17:23:10,080 --> 17:23:11,080
so first let's look at audio video
27585
17:23:11,756 --> 17:23:12,756
graphics editing workstations we're
27586
17:23:13,680 --> 17:23:14,680
dealing with audio editing or audio
27587
17:23:15,360 --> 17:23:16,360
workstation we're looking at some
27588
17:23:16,956 --> 17:23:17,956
something that's running uh maybe
27589
17:23:19,360 --> 17:23:20,360
logic pro a big sound design workstation
27590
17:23:22,320 --> 17:23:23,320
we're looking not only at audio editing
27591
17:23:24,880 --> 17:23:25,880
but also uh audio creation
27592
17:23:28,000 --> 17:23:29,000
mixing etc okay with video editing we're
27593
17:23:32,000 --> 17:23:33,000
not only looking at feature films but we
27594
17:23:33,840 --> 17:23:34,840
could be looking at screencasts
27595
17:23:36,320 --> 17:23:37,320
using software like camtasia or final
27596
17:23:39,756 --> 17:23:40,756
cut pro
27597
17:23:42,720 --> 17:23:43,720
etc and with graphics we're going to
27598
17:23:44,880 --> 17:23:45,880
look at like adobe um
27599
17:23:47,520 --> 17:23:48,520
photoshop
27600
17:23:50,000 --> 17:23:51,000
or adobe illustrator
27601
17:23:52,240 --> 17:23:53,240
um
27602
17:23:53,680 --> 17:23:54,680
or people who create graphics or edit
27603
17:23:55,916 --> 17:23:56,916
photos so we could also be seeing this
27604
17:23:57,680 --> 17:23:58,680
with photographers etc
27605
17:24:01,520 --> 17:24:02,520
so
27606
17:24:02,880 --> 17:24:03,880
due to the requirements of the
27607
17:24:04,240 --> 17:24:05,240
multimedia on these computers
27608
17:24:06,720 --> 17:24:07,720
right and again when we're dealing with
27609
17:24:09,276 --> 17:24:10,276
editing any of these this multimedia
27610
17:24:12,320 --> 17:24:13,320
when you download us uh mp3
27611
17:24:15,596 --> 17:24:16,596
for instance onto your computer what
27612
17:24:17,040 --> 17:24:18,040
you're really downloading
27613
17:24:19,116 --> 17:24:20,116
is
27614
17:24:20,080 --> 17:24:21,080
uh
27615
17:24:21,276 --> 17:24:22,276
a compressed
27616
17:24:23,596 --> 17:24:24,596
version of that sound so the audio
27617
17:24:25,680 --> 17:24:26,680
itself is not as wonderful as it once
27618
17:24:28,400 --> 17:24:29,400
was it's been compressed and it's lost
27619
17:24:30,160 --> 17:24:31,160
some of the quality to make up for uh
27620
17:24:32,880 --> 17:24:33,880
the id
27621
17:24:34,400 --> 17:24:35,400
the space issue meaning that it can now
27622
17:24:36,880 --> 17:24:37,880
be transported over the internet
27623
17:24:40,400 --> 17:24:41,400
when we're editing it we're dealing with
27624
17:24:41,840 --> 17:24:42,840
uncompressed
27625
17:24:44,560 --> 17:24:45,560
or raw footage
27626
17:24:46,240 --> 17:24:47,240
and as a result
27627
17:24:48,080 --> 17:24:49,080
the data is larger and it requires not
27628
17:24:50,636 --> 17:24:51,636
only more resources but more storage so
27629
17:24:52,560 --> 17:24:53,560
some things we're going to need are
27630
17:24:54,000 --> 17:24:55,000
faster multi-core processors
27631
17:24:56,796 --> 17:24:57,796
large amounts of ram we're going to see
27632
17:24:59,040 --> 17:25:00,040
this in just about every computer we
27633
17:25:01,040 --> 17:25:02,040
want
27634
17:25:03,436 --> 17:25:04,436
that requires sort of more resources
27635
17:25:05,680 --> 17:25:06,680
vast amounts of storage to cover all
27636
17:25:07,916 --> 17:25:08,916
this uncompressed and raw data as well
27637
17:25:10,796 --> 17:25:11,796
because again raw files are extremely
27638
17:25:12,956 --> 17:25:13,956
large i think something like 15 minutes
27639
17:25:15,276 --> 17:25:16,276
of raw hd video is like 40 gigabytes so
27640
17:25:18,880 --> 17:25:19,880
obviously i need uh to let's say i have
27641
17:25:22,720 --> 17:25:23,720
an entire film and that's hundreds of
27642
17:25:24,560 --> 17:25:25,560
hours
27643
17:25:25,680 --> 17:25:26,680
i need so much space it's not even funny
27644
17:25:27,916 --> 17:25:28,916
in order to make this actually a system
27645
17:25:29,840 --> 17:25:30,840
that's gonna work and i'm also gonna be
27646
17:25:31,436 --> 17:25:32,436
large in multiple monitors you can see
27647
17:25:32,956 --> 17:25:33,956
here this is an editing workstation and
27648
17:25:35,200 --> 17:25:36,200
there are multiple monitors
27649
17:25:40,720 --> 17:25:41,720
showing different things all around here
27650
17:25:42,560 --> 17:25:43,560
not only do i have my input to edit but
27651
17:25:44,880 --> 17:25:45,880
i'm seeing what i'm editing and find
27652
17:25:46,956 --> 17:25:47,956
maybe like an hd output as a result it
27653
17:25:49,596 --> 17:25:50,596
might also need some sort of special
27654
17:25:51,520 --> 17:25:52,520
video out connection or even a sound out
27655
17:25:53,596 --> 17:25:54,596
connection in the case of audio so that
27656
17:25:56,636 --> 17:25:57,636
way i can see what it is you know the
27657
17:25:58,320 --> 17:25:59,320
final product of what i'm editing
27658
17:26:04,080 --> 17:26:05,080
cad and cam workstations are similar in
27659
17:26:06,240 --> 17:26:07,240
their requirements cad by the way as we
27660
17:26:08,636 --> 17:26:09,636
mentioned stands for computer
27661
17:26:10,720 --> 17:26:11,720
aided design or computer aided
27662
17:26:13,116 --> 17:26:14,116
manufacturing
27663
17:26:15,200 --> 17:26:16,200
either of these means that the computer
27664
17:26:17,040 --> 17:26:18,040
is helping me make some sort of designer
27665
17:26:18,796 --> 17:26:19,796
manufacturing decisions so for instance
27666
17:26:20,956 --> 17:26:21,956
here
27667
17:26:21,840 --> 17:26:22,840
you can see the artist is using the
27668
17:26:24,240 --> 17:26:25,240
computer to help design these shoes
27669
17:26:27,916 --> 17:26:28,916
which then could be fed into a computer
27670
17:26:29,840 --> 17:26:30,840
to manufacture the shoes so
27671
17:26:33,116 --> 17:26:34,116
computer-aided design is used in not
27672
17:26:35,436 --> 17:26:36,436
only in uh you know for
27673
17:26:38,400 --> 17:26:39,400
engineering architecture drafting also
27674
17:26:41,596 --> 17:26:42,596
for certain designers
27675
17:26:43,756 --> 17:26:44,756
like animation
27676
17:26:45,436 --> 17:26:46,436
you might have seen this sort of stuff
27677
17:26:46,956 --> 17:26:47,956
in animation
27678
17:26:48,796 --> 17:26:49,796
either way it's going to require the
27679
17:26:50,400 --> 17:26:51,400
same resources which is
27680
17:26:53,200 --> 17:26:54,200
similar to multimedia and editing
27681
17:26:54,720 --> 17:26:55,720
stations higher powerful cpus more ram a
27682
17:26:58,956 --> 17:26:59,956
high-end video card
27683
17:27:01,116 --> 17:27:02,116
and when we're talking about a video
27684
17:27:02,400 --> 17:27:03,400
card we also need a high gpu and high
27685
17:27:05,200 --> 17:27:06,200
ram
27686
17:27:06,400 --> 17:27:07,400
so the maximum amount of ram
27687
17:27:08,480 --> 17:27:09,480
the highest powerful cpu we saw those
27688
17:27:11,040 --> 17:27:12,040
again same thing this is something we're
27689
17:27:12,480 --> 17:27:13,480
going to see over and over again and
27690
17:27:14,400 --> 17:27:15,400
adding into that the high end video
27691
17:27:15,916 --> 17:27:16,916
cards which we might have needed in
27692
17:27:17,200 --> 17:27:18,200
video editing as well
27693
17:27:20,720 --> 17:27:21,720
all right those are our two sort of
27694
17:27:22,480 --> 17:27:23,480
multimedia systems
27695
17:27:24,720 --> 17:27:25,720
so at virtualization
27696
17:27:26,560 --> 17:27:27,560
a virtualized workstation or uh
27697
17:27:29,436 --> 17:27:30,436
virtualization is the idea behind having
27698
17:27:32,160 --> 17:27:33,160
one computer that runs one or more
27699
17:27:34,956 --> 17:27:35,956
virtual operating systems on a physical
27700
17:27:37,436 --> 17:27:38,436
computer so i have this physical
27701
17:27:39,276 --> 17:27:40,276
computer and it is running uh
27702
17:27:43,596 --> 17:27:44,596
three virtual
27703
17:27:46,400 --> 17:27:47,400
systems on it each of the systems
27704
17:27:48,720 --> 17:27:49,720
believes itself to be actually one
27705
17:27:52,000 --> 17:27:53,000
system one physical system but in
27706
17:27:53,756 --> 17:27:54,756
actuality they are all running on one
27707
17:27:55,436 --> 17:27:56,436
physical system as you can imagine
27708
17:27:57,276 --> 17:27:58,276
therefore the physical system has higher
27709
17:27:59,360 --> 17:28:00,360
end requirements
27710
17:28:01,360 --> 17:28:02,360
in order to do this in order to have
27711
17:28:03,040 --> 17:28:04,040
these virtual pcs it needs what's called
27712
17:28:06,160 --> 17:28:07,160
a hypervisor and a hypervisor allows
27713
17:28:09,436 --> 17:28:10,436
multiple virtual operating systems so it
27714
17:28:11,916 --> 17:28:12,916
allows us to happen on one physical
27715
17:28:14,480 --> 17:28:15,480
computer so it is basically responsible
27716
17:28:17,596 --> 17:28:18,596
for virtualization in the first place
27717
17:28:19,756 --> 17:28:20,756
you might have heard something called
27718
17:28:22,840 --> 17:28:23,840
um amazon elastic cloud or ec2
27719
17:28:27,916 --> 17:28:28,916
what this does is you can use amazon's
27720
17:28:31,040 --> 17:28:32,040
servers
27721
17:28:32,320 --> 17:28:33,320
to host your own virtual computer now
27722
17:28:35,200 --> 17:28:36,200
they don't create a brand new physical
27723
17:28:37,200 --> 17:28:38,200
computer for you every time you pay them
27724
17:28:39,040 --> 17:28:40,040
what they do is they just give you space
27725
17:28:40,956 --> 17:28:41,956
on their computer and allow you to
27726
17:28:43,276 --> 17:28:44,276
create a virtual pc on it so they take
27727
17:28:45,916 --> 17:28:46,916
care of the hardware they take care of
27728
17:28:47,360 --> 17:28:48,360
the updating what you have to take care
27729
17:28:48,956 --> 17:28:49,956
of is creating that virtual
27730
17:28:50,840 --> 17:28:51,840
system this is also known by the way as
27731
17:28:53,756 --> 17:28:54,756
a virtual machine manager a hypervisor
27732
17:28:56,956 --> 17:28:57,956
so if you see that on the test you'll
27733
17:28:58,720 --> 17:28:59,720
recognize it and there are two types of
27734
17:29:01,520 --> 17:29:02,520
hypervisor setups we're going to look at
27735
17:29:03,680 --> 17:29:04,680
one is called type 1 which is native or
27736
17:29:05,840 --> 17:29:06,840
bare
27737
17:29:07,276 --> 17:29:08,276
bare metal and the other one is type 2
27738
17:29:09,520 --> 17:29:10,520
which is called hosted and what this has
27739
17:29:11,276 --> 17:29:12,276
to do
27740
17:29:12,160 --> 17:29:13,160
is with how close the hypervisor is to
27741
17:29:14,880 --> 17:29:15,880
the physical computer itself so let's
27742
17:29:17,200 --> 17:29:18,200
take a look at that
27743
17:29:19,596 --> 17:29:20,596
type 1 native virtualization
27744
17:29:21,436 --> 17:29:22,436
workstations also called bare metal in
27745
17:29:24,636 --> 17:29:25,636
this case the hypervisor runs directly
27746
17:29:28,000 --> 17:29:29,000
on the host computer so i have my host
27747
17:29:31,596 --> 17:29:32,596
computer hardware and next i have the
27748
17:29:33,680 --> 17:29:34,680
hypervisor on which i can then install
27749
17:29:36,160 --> 17:29:37,160
operating systems as a result of this as
27750
17:29:38,636 --> 17:29:39,636
i mentioned this is called bare metal
27751
17:29:40,956 --> 17:29:41,956
meaning the hypervisor is installed
27752
17:29:43,916 --> 17:29:44,916
bare
27753
17:29:45,040 --> 17:29:46,040
directly on the hardware
27754
17:29:48,560 --> 17:29:49,560
uh examples of hypervisor software here
27755
17:29:51,520 --> 17:29:52,520
are some
27756
17:29:52,560 --> 17:29:53,560
vmware makes a package citrix is a
27757
17:29:55,360 --> 17:29:56,360
popular one as well and one you're
27758
17:29:57,436 --> 17:29:58,436
probably gonna see pop up in the test is
27759
17:29:58,880 --> 17:29:59,880
the microsoft hyper v which stands of
27760
17:30:01,680 --> 17:30:02,680
course for hypervisor now hyper-v one
27761
17:30:04,320 --> 17:30:05,320
thing i want to mention is it can run in
27762
17:30:05,680 --> 17:30:06,680
two different capacities it can be
27763
17:30:07,756 --> 17:30:08,756
installed as a standalone directly on
27764
17:30:09,916 --> 17:30:10,916
the hardware of the system like we have
27765
17:30:11,520 --> 17:30:12,520
here or it can be chosen as a role
27766
17:30:15,360 --> 17:30:16,360
uh meaning basically how you want to use
27767
17:30:17,916 --> 17:30:18,916
windows 2008 server
27768
17:30:20,480 --> 17:30:21,480
so there's two ways to install it
27769
17:30:24,796 --> 17:30:25,796
it requires as well by the way cpu
27770
17:30:27,916 --> 17:30:28,916
support
27771
17:30:28,956 --> 17:30:29,956
so in order for the hypervisor to run
27772
17:30:30,956 --> 17:30:31,956
right on the hardware the cpu needs to
27773
17:30:33,520 --> 17:30:34,520
be able to deal with this which it can't
27774
17:30:35,596 --> 17:30:36,596
necessarily do all the time
27775
17:30:39,116 --> 17:30:40,116
this is in contrast to type 2 which is
27776
17:30:41,436 --> 17:30:42,436
the hosted or virtualized workstation
27777
17:30:44,480 --> 17:30:45,480
on this in this situation the hypervisor
27778
17:30:46,880 --> 17:30:47,880
runs within or on top of the operating
27779
17:30:49,680 --> 17:30:50,680
system all right so i have my hypervisor
27780
17:30:52,796 --> 17:30:53,796
and it is running on top of the
27781
17:30:55,276 --> 17:30:56,276
operating system
27782
17:30:57,436 --> 17:30:58,436
i do not have it connected directly to
27783
17:31:00,240 --> 17:31:01,240
the hardware like i would in a type 1
27784
17:31:03,680 --> 17:31:04,680
rather it is connected through the
27785
17:31:05,756 --> 17:31:06,756
operating system and therefore it is a
27786
17:31:08,720 --> 17:31:09,720
guest uh um
27787
17:31:12,240 --> 17:31:13,240
sorry
27788
17:31:13,200 --> 17:31:14,200
therefore it's actually going to require
27789
17:31:15,360 --> 17:31:16,360
more resources which i'll talk about in
27790
17:31:17,116 --> 17:31:18,116
a second
27791
17:31:18,400 --> 17:31:19,400
the guest operating systems run on the
27792
17:31:20,400 --> 17:31:21,400
hypervisor which runs in the host
27793
17:31:22,480 --> 17:31:23,480
operating system that's what this is
27794
17:31:24,160 --> 17:31:25,160
getting at okay and as a result like i
27795
17:31:27,436 --> 17:31:28,436
said
27796
17:31:28,480 --> 17:31:29,480
guests are one level removed from the
27797
17:31:30,480 --> 17:31:31,480
hardware so whereas in the if we're
27798
17:31:32,560 --> 17:31:33,560
doing this type one
27799
17:31:34,240 --> 17:31:35,240
section on the right hand side
27800
17:31:36,956 --> 17:31:37,956
the operating system hypervisor hardware
27801
17:31:39,200 --> 17:31:40,200
in this case though i'm adding in
27802
17:31:40,560 --> 17:31:41,560
another operating system in between the
27803
17:31:42,240 --> 17:31:43,240
two and as a result it runs less
27804
17:31:44,320 --> 17:31:45,320
efficiently and requires more resources
27805
17:31:46,720 --> 17:31:47,720
which makes sense the farther away i am
27806
17:31:48,560 --> 17:31:49,560
from the hardware the less efficiently
27807
17:31:50,000 --> 17:31:51,000
i'm going to run
27808
17:31:51,596 --> 17:31:52,596
examples of some of the software we're
27809
17:31:53,040 --> 17:31:54,040
going to see here microsoft virtual pc
27810
17:31:56,080 --> 17:31:57,080
which if we remember from talking about
27811
17:31:58,080 --> 17:31:59,080
windows is what's responsible for
27812
17:32:00,000 --> 17:32:01,000
windows xp mode
27813
17:32:01,916 --> 17:32:02,916
okay so windows xp mode which allows you
27814
17:32:04,000 --> 17:32:05,000
to run xp applications directly on a
27815
17:32:06,160 --> 17:32:07,160
windows 7 computer uses microsoft
27816
17:32:08,560 --> 17:32:09,560
virtual pc which is a type 2 hosted
27817
17:32:11,276 --> 17:32:12,276
virtualized workstation of windows xp
27818
17:32:14,796 --> 17:32:15,796
there's also a vmware server and vmware
27819
17:32:17,436 --> 17:32:18,436
workstation both examples of
27820
17:32:19,916 --> 17:32:20,916
hosted
27821
17:32:20,956 --> 17:32:21,956
virtualization
27822
17:32:25,040 --> 17:32:26,040
now any computer designed to host or run
27823
17:32:27,756 --> 17:32:28,756
a supervisor which means it's going to
27824
17:32:29,200 --> 17:32:30,200
host all these virtualized workstations
27825
17:32:31,116 --> 17:32:32,116
needs to have several things first of
27826
17:32:32,636 --> 17:32:33,636
all it needs to have the most powerful
27827
17:32:34,480 --> 17:32:35,480
cpu possible just like our other
27828
17:32:36,160 --> 17:32:37,160
computers maybe even more so because you
27829
17:32:38,400 --> 17:32:39,400
imagine i'm running 10 of these
27830
17:32:39,840 --> 17:32:40,840
computers
27831
17:32:41,040 --> 17:32:42,040
virtual computers let's say i'm running
27832
17:32:42,956 --> 17:32:43,956
you know 10 of these on one of these
27833
17:32:45,596 --> 17:32:46,596
this sucker better be pretty powerful it
27834
17:32:47,756 --> 17:32:48,756
also needs to have the racks maximum
27835
17:32:49,436 --> 17:32:50,436
amount of ram that can fit in the system
27836
17:32:51,916 --> 17:32:52,916
and an extrude it needs to be extremely
27837
17:32:54,560 --> 17:32:55,560
secure
27838
17:32:55,840 --> 17:32:56,840
if i get access to this system i have
27839
17:32:58,160 --> 17:32:59,160
that now access to 10 operating systems
27840
17:33:00,880 --> 17:33:01,880
now it's important that these host
27841
17:33:02,956 --> 17:33:03,956
operating systems um
27842
17:33:06,320 --> 17:33:07,320
be
27843
17:33:07,520 --> 17:33:08,520
secure as well but i need to make sure
27844
17:33:08,956 --> 17:33:09,956
my physical host
27845
17:33:10,880 --> 17:33:11,880
is extremely secure because if someone
27846
17:33:13,436 --> 17:33:14,436
gets access to it all of these become
27847
17:33:15,596 --> 17:33:16,596
compromised and which isn't a problem if
27848
17:33:18,080 --> 17:33:19,080
i own all of them but what if i'm
27849
17:33:19,520 --> 17:33:20,520
leasing out my computer to 10 other
27850
17:33:21,596 --> 17:33:22,596
clients then it becomes a real issue
27851
17:33:26,320 --> 17:33:27,320
all right so moving into this let's say
27852
17:33:28,636 --> 17:33:29,636
we have this computer we're going to
27853
17:33:30,400 --> 17:33:31,400
call a fixed server for the time being
27854
17:33:31,840 --> 17:33:32,840
and it is one physical server with a
27855
17:33:33,756 --> 17:33:34,756
hypervisor and let's say it is running
27856
17:33:36,636 --> 17:33:37,636
four operating systems on it
27857
17:33:40,400 --> 17:33:41,400
this is where something called a fin
27858
17:33:41,520 --> 17:33:42,520
client can come in what a thin client do
27859
17:33:43,520 --> 17:33:44,520
does is it is a computer that has few
27860
17:33:45,436 --> 17:33:46,436
resources when compared to a typical pc
27861
17:33:47,756 --> 17:33:48,756
it is what we call
27862
17:33:49,116 --> 17:33:50,116
diskless
27863
17:33:52,636 --> 17:33:53,636
it has no hard drive it has no optical
27864
17:33:55,200 --> 17:33:56,200
disks it does have a cpu and some ram
27865
17:33:59,436 --> 17:34:00,436
it has a fast ethernet connection
27866
17:34:04,956 --> 17:34:05,956
or network interface card is what i'm
27867
17:34:06,796 --> 17:34:07,796
calling that and it also has ways to
27868
17:34:08,636 --> 17:34:09,636
plug up a keyboard
27869
17:34:11,276 --> 17:34:12,276
uh
27870
17:34:12,240 --> 17:34:13,240
a mouse etc
27871
17:34:15,040 --> 17:34:16,040
what happens though is the thin client
27872
17:34:16,956 --> 17:34:17,956
simply displays the operating system
27873
17:34:19,756 --> 17:34:20,756
from the fixed server
27874
17:34:22,080 --> 17:34:23,080
so the thin client itself is not doing
27875
17:34:24,560 --> 17:34:25,560
any processing the processing is all
27876
17:34:27,520 --> 17:34:28,520
happening
27877
17:34:29,756 --> 17:34:30,756
on the fixed server side the thin client
27878
17:34:32,080 --> 17:34:33,080
itself is not doing any of it
27879
17:34:35,756 --> 17:34:36,756
so when the thin client is turned on it
27880
17:34:38,320 --> 17:34:39,320
loads the operating system in any
27881
17:34:40,000 --> 17:34:41,000
applications it needs into ram
27882
17:34:42,880 --> 17:34:43,880
from either on-board
27883
17:34:45,116 --> 17:34:46,116
flash memory or from the network which
27884
17:34:47,436 --> 17:34:48,436
is more common nowadays it pulls up from
27885
17:34:49,596 --> 17:34:50,596
the network and when i turn it off
27886
17:34:51,360 --> 17:34:52,360
everything gets wiped away but it gets
27887
17:34:53,360 --> 17:34:54,360
saved again to the network
27888
17:34:55,276 --> 17:34:56,276
on the thick server this is what it's
27889
17:34:57,436 --> 17:34:58,436
called a thin client it doesn't do any
27890
17:34:59,200 --> 17:35:00,200
of its own stuff it requires someone
27891
17:35:01,276 --> 17:35:02,276
else to do it it is in some way simply a
27892
17:35:03,840 --> 17:35:04,840
portal
27893
17:35:04,796 --> 17:35:05,796
to a server
27894
17:35:08,080 --> 17:35:09,080
now this is different from a thick
27895
17:35:09,520 --> 17:35:10,520
client which in all
27896
17:35:11,436 --> 17:35:12,436
um
27897
17:35:12,400 --> 17:35:13,400
you know
27898
17:35:13,520 --> 17:35:14,520
basically is a pc a computer that we
27899
17:35:16,480 --> 17:35:17,480
have it has a cpu it has ram it has a
27900
17:35:19,200 --> 17:35:20,200
hard drive it performs all the data
27901
17:35:21,436 --> 17:35:22,436
processing on its own computer now what
27902
17:35:24,000 --> 17:35:25,000
it might use is a thin server to get
27903
17:35:26,080 --> 17:35:27,080
some files or a program off of but all
27904
17:35:28,796 --> 17:35:29,796
the actions that are happening all the
27905
17:35:30,880 --> 17:35:31,880
processing is happening right here and
27906
17:35:33,040 --> 17:35:34,040
when you turn it off it has a disk to
27907
17:35:35,040 --> 17:35:36,040
store the operating system and the
27908
17:35:36,560 --> 17:35:37,560
profiles etc this is more expensive so
27909
17:35:39,680 --> 17:35:40,680
it's more expensive to have 10 of these
27910
17:35:41,680 --> 17:35:42,680
than 10 thin clients
27911
17:35:43,360 --> 17:35:44,360
and i don't have the centralization that
27912
17:35:45,360 --> 17:35:46,360
thin client
27913
17:35:46,480 --> 17:35:47,480
thin client thick server provides but
27914
17:35:49,840 --> 17:35:50,840
in this case each individual has a more
27915
17:35:51,840 --> 17:35:52,840
powerful system
27916
17:35:54,880 --> 17:35:55,880
now let's talk about some of these home
27917
17:35:57,596 --> 17:35:58,596
pc configurations the first is a home
27918
17:35:59,680 --> 17:36:00,680
server
27919
17:36:00,880 --> 17:36:01,880
a real server or a business server runs
27920
17:36:04,000 --> 17:36:05,000
software like windows server 2008 it
27921
17:36:06,160 --> 17:36:07,160
runs its own special server software and
27922
17:36:08,636 --> 17:36:09,636
if you wanted to get into the microsoft
27923
17:36:10,320 --> 17:36:11,320
certifications you could explore that
27924
17:36:12,560 --> 17:36:13,560
but this software is expensive and
27925
17:36:14,160 --> 17:36:15,160
requires a lot of know-how for the
27926
17:36:16,160 --> 17:36:17,160
average home user it's just too much
27927
17:36:17,916 --> 17:36:18,916
power it takes too much time to
27928
17:36:19,276 --> 17:36:20,276
configure and so
27929
17:36:21,756 --> 17:36:22,756
a home server is the idea of using a
27930
17:36:23,680 --> 17:36:24,680
windows 7 operating system and starting
27931
17:36:26,480 --> 17:36:27,480
what's called a home group which we'll
27932
17:36:28,240 --> 17:36:29,240
talk about a home group allows you to
27933
17:36:29,756 --> 17:36:30,756
share
27934
17:36:32,240 --> 17:36:33,240
files
27935
17:36:33,840 --> 17:36:34,840
media
27936
17:36:35,636 --> 17:36:36,636
printers
27937
17:36:37,596 --> 17:36:38,596
etc with other computers
27938
17:36:39,840 --> 17:36:40,840
so i'm just going to have one computer
27939
17:36:41,520 --> 17:36:42,520
that's slightly better than the others
27940
17:36:43,360 --> 17:36:44,360
and on that i'm going to put all of my
27941
17:36:44,880 --> 17:36:45,880
data to share out all of this stuff so
27942
17:36:48,560 --> 17:36:49,560
what i can do is then share information
27943
17:36:51,436 --> 17:36:52,436
from a central location
27944
17:36:53,680 --> 17:36:54,680
to all my other computers
27945
17:36:56,880 --> 17:36:57,880
files
27946
17:36:58,000 --> 17:36:59,000
printers can be shared etc now this
27947
17:37:00,480 --> 17:37:01,480
could be useful let's say i have five
27948
17:37:02,880 --> 17:37:03,880
kids
27949
17:37:04,160 --> 17:37:05,160
you know and you have
27950
17:37:06,080 --> 17:37:07,080
everyone that wants to watch the same
27951
17:37:07,680 --> 17:37:08,680
movies or uh run the same programs
27952
17:37:10,320 --> 17:37:11,320
instead of buying five versions of the
27953
17:37:11,916 --> 17:37:12,916
programs i could put all the versions i
27954
17:37:13,916 --> 17:37:14,916
could put all the programs all the stuff
27955
17:37:15,116 --> 17:37:16,116
on one central souped up computer and
27956
17:37:18,240 --> 17:37:19,240
then let the other computers act almost
27957
17:37:20,480 --> 17:37:21,480
as thin clients and access that stuff or
27958
17:37:23,200 --> 17:37:24,200
process it on the computer now
27959
17:37:25,916 --> 17:37:26,916
to what degree you do that really
27960
17:37:27,276 --> 17:37:28,276
depends on how powerful your home server
27961
17:37:29,040 --> 17:37:30,040
is but the media can also be streamed
27962
17:37:31,840 --> 17:37:32,840
from other systems as well so one thing
27963
17:37:33,360 --> 17:37:34,360
i do in my home is i have all of my
27964
17:37:35,916 --> 17:37:36,916
music and movies and everything on one
27965
17:37:38,160 --> 17:37:39,160
computer and then i can play that onto
27966
17:37:40,636 --> 17:37:41,636
any tv in my home or any computer in my
27967
17:37:43,200 --> 17:37:44,200
home as well which are connected to tvs
27968
17:37:47,040 --> 17:37:48,040
you probably need in this case a gigabit
27969
17:37:49,116 --> 17:37:50,116
network adapter because you need it fast
27970
17:37:51,040 --> 17:37:52,040
it's accessing the network so that all
27971
17:37:52,956 --> 17:37:53,956
the other servers can re all the other
27972
17:37:54,720 --> 17:37:55,720
computers can reach it and you probably
27973
17:37:56,320 --> 17:37:57,320
need some sort of raid array because if
27974
17:37:57,680 --> 17:37:58,680
you're storing everything on this
27975
17:37:58,880 --> 17:37:59,880
central computer you need to make sure
27976
17:38:01,680 --> 17:38:02,680
that if the hard drive crashes you're
27977
17:38:03,276 --> 17:38:04,276
not going to be in trouble
27978
17:38:06,320 --> 17:38:07,320
now a home theater pc is slightly
27979
17:38:08,000 --> 17:38:09,000
different again with the home theater pc
27980
17:38:09,840 --> 17:38:10,840
we're dealing with a tv or a television
27981
17:38:12,720 --> 17:38:13,720
okay so what it does is it takes the
27982
17:38:14,880 --> 17:38:15,880
place of several devices you'd hook up
27983
17:38:17,116 --> 17:38:18,116
to your tv so what are those devices a
27984
17:38:18,956 --> 17:38:19,956
blu-ray player or a dvd player
27985
17:38:21,596 --> 17:38:22,596
uh various audio equipment like some
27986
17:38:24,080 --> 17:38:25,080
intense um
27987
17:38:26,240 --> 17:38:27,240
sound system
27988
17:38:27,756 --> 17:38:28,756
a set top box or a tivo box or a dvr box
27989
17:38:31,840 --> 17:38:32,840
to record your tv and its programs
27990
17:38:36,000 --> 17:38:37,000
and as a result of replacing all of
27991
17:38:38,160 --> 17:38:39,160
these i need to put special hardware
27992
17:38:40,320 --> 17:38:41,320
into the box in order to make sure that
27993
17:38:42,636 --> 17:38:43,636
it can do it so something i might need
27994
17:38:44,880 --> 17:38:45,880
is a video adapter with a video out i
27995
17:38:47,916 --> 17:38:48,916
need some hdmi so i can plug it up to
27996
17:38:50,080 --> 17:38:51,080
this tv
27997
17:38:51,596 --> 17:38:52,596
i also want a cable or satellite or tv
27998
17:38:54,240 --> 17:38:55,240
input card that way i can get um i can
27999
17:38:57,360 --> 17:38:58,360
hook up my antenna i can hook up my dvr
28000
17:38:59,916 --> 17:39:00,916
and it'll work properly
28001
17:39:02,720 --> 17:39:03,720
i also need some advanced sound cards
28002
17:39:04,636 --> 17:39:05,636
probably with some sort of 7.1 or 5.1
28003
17:39:08,240 --> 17:39:09,240
dolby digital by the way this tv input
28004
17:39:10,880 --> 17:39:11,880
card i see this often
28005
17:39:12,720 --> 17:39:13,720
in reference to the httpc so you're and
28006
17:39:15,360 --> 17:39:16,360
you're going to want to know that term
28007
17:39:16,480 --> 17:39:17,480
httpc so if you see it it's probably
28008
17:39:18,560 --> 17:39:19,560
input card that they're going to talk
28009
17:39:19,756 --> 17:39:20,756
about is you need a tv input card and a
28010
17:39:22,000 --> 17:39:23,000
tv output card but a lot of computers
28011
17:39:24,000 --> 17:39:25,000
nowadays have a way to connect to a tv
28012
17:39:26,560 --> 17:39:27,560
what they don't have as a way to input
28013
17:39:27,916 --> 17:39:28,916
tv signals
28014
17:39:30,000 --> 17:39:31,000
you probably also need some optical
28015
17:39:31,276 --> 17:39:32,276
drives like blu-ray dvd etc and you're
28016
17:39:34,080 --> 17:39:35,080
gonna need some storage advan a lot more
28017
17:39:36,796 --> 17:39:37,796
storage because if i'm
28018
17:39:38,636 --> 17:39:39,636
burning all of my dvds and burning and
28019
17:39:41,360 --> 17:39:42,360
downloading all of this
28020
17:39:43,436 --> 17:39:44,436
movies from television and stuff i'm
28021
17:39:45,116 --> 17:39:46,116
going to need storage to to store all
28022
17:39:47,116 --> 17:39:48,116
that
28023
17:39:51,276 --> 17:39:52,276
now a gaming pc is the final sort of uh
28024
17:39:54,400 --> 17:39:55,400
home system
28025
17:39:55,756 --> 17:39:56,756
games are some of the most powerful
28026
17:39:57,200 --> 17:39:58,200
applications around and so gaming pcs
28027
17:39:59,840 --> 17:40:00,840
not only have they basically have
28028
17:40:01,360 --> 17:40:02,360
everything we've talked about they're
28029
17:40:02,796 --> 17:40:03,796
going to have a high-end video card with
28030
17:40:04,560 --> 17:40:05,560
specialized gpu which is also going to
28031
17:40:06,796 --> 17:40:07,796
have a lot of ram on it they're going to
28032
17:40:09,040 --> 17:40:10,040
have a powerful cpu in the system in
28033
17:40:12,796 --> 17:40:13,796
order to run all the stuff that's going
28034
17:40:14,636 --> 17:40:15,636
on
28035
17:40:15,436 --> 17:40:16,436
they're also going to have lots of ram
28036
17:40:18,080 --> 17:40:19,080
in the system to feed that cpu okay and
28037
17:40:21,276 --> 17:40:22,276
we're probably going to have a liquid
28038
17:40:22,956 --> 17:40:23,956
cooling to keep all this stuff from
28039
17:40:24,880 --> 17:40:25,880
overheating because remember when we're
28040
17:40:27,116 --> 17:40:28,116
dealing with
28041
17:40:28,956 --> 17:40:29,956
gaming that's when we're going to talk
28042
17:40:30,160 --> 17:40:31,160
about overclocking the cpu and so we
28043
17:40:32,160 --> 17:40:33,160
need to make sure to cool it we're gonna
28044
17:40:33,756 --> 17:40:34,756
have special sound card uh probably in
28045
17:40:36,956 --> 17:40:37,956
order to hear all the cool stuff that's
28046
17:40:38,956 --> 17:40:39,956
going on in the game and finally we need
28047
17:40:41,200 --> 17:40:42,200
a really fast network adapter and strong
28048
17:40:43,276 --> 17:40:44,276
internet connection because a lot of
28049
17:40:44,956 --> 17:40:45,956
times you're not just gaming with
28050
17:40:46,000 --> 17:40:47,000
yourself you're playing with other
28051
17:40:47,680 --> 17:40:48,680
people
28052
17:40:48,636 --> 17:40:49,636
and so you need to make sure that any
28053
17:40:50,400 --> 17:40:51,400
lag
28054
17:40:51,756 --> 17:40:52,756
can be avoided and one of the major
28055
17:40:53,436 --> 17:40:54,436
parts of lag not only for the resources
28056
17:40:55,116 --> 17:40:56,116
but is the network
28057
17:40:58,080 --> 17:40:59,080
finally i wanted to talk about scanline
28058
17:41:00,000 --> 17:41:01,000
interleave sli this is when a computer
28059
17:41:02,560 --> 17:41:03,560
has two or more identical video cards
28060
17:41:04,956 --> 17:41:05,956
and they work together to have greater
28061
17:41:06,956 --> 17:41:07,956
performance and higher resolution
28062
17:41:09,276 --> 17:41:10,276
so
28063
17:41:10,080 --> 17:41:11,080
this is accomplished by having two or
28064
17:41:12,000 --> 17:41:13,000
more pci express video cards the problem
28065
17:41:14,956 --> 17:41:15,956
is most motherboards only come with one
28066
17:41:17,756 --> 17:41:18,756
pci x pcie x16 slot and so i need to
28067
17:41:21,916 --> 17:41:22,916
make sure that i buy a motherboard that
28068
17:41:23,916 --> 17:41:24,916
is compatible and has enough cooling to
28069
17:41:26,240 --> 17:41:27,240
cool to
28070
17:41:28,240 --> 17:41:29,240
video cards because remember each video
28071
17:41:29,756 --> 17:41:30,756
card has its own gpu now i've just added
28072
17:41:32,240 --> 17:41:33,240
a third card now i have two cards and a
28073
17:41:35,040 --> 17:41:36,040
cpu i have basically three processors in
28074
17:41:37,040 --> 17:41:38,040
my system between my two video cards and
28075
17:41:39,200 --> 17:41:40,200
my main central processing unit and
28076
17:41:41,040 --> 17:41:42,040
that's going to mean major cooling
28077
17:41:44,000 --> 17:41:45,000
these are most commonly found in gaming
28078
17:41:45,756 --> 17:41:46,756
rigs but they can also be found in video
28079
17:41:47,436 --> 17:41:48,436
editing or in cad computer-aided design
28080
17:41:50,240 --> 17:41:51,240
or computer-aided manufacturing
28081
17:41:51,680 --> 17:41:52,680
workstations anything that needs
28082
17:41:53,520 --> 17:41:54,520
advanced video card
28083
17:41:56,320 --> 17:41:57,320
all right
28084
17:41:57,360 --> 17:41:58,360
so we talked about audio video graphics
28085
17:41:59,436 --> 17:42:00,436
editing workstations and our
28086
17:42:00,720 --> 17:42:01,720
computer-aided designer computed aided
28087
17:42:03,116 --> 17:42:04,116
manufacturing
28088
17:42:04,560 --> 17:42:05,560
the important thing to remember with
28089
17:42:05,596 --> 17:42:06,596
these is i'm going to need more cpu
28090
17:42:07,756 --> 17:42:08,756
more ram and a higher end graphics card
28091
17:42:14,560 --> 17:42:15,560
i might also need additional storage as
28092
17:42:16,636 --> 17:42:17,636
well
28093
17:42:19,840 --> 17:42:20,840
a virtualization workstation the
28094
17:42:22,160 --> 17:42:23,160
important thing to know here is native
28095
17:42:24,720 --> 17:42:25,720
it runs directly on the hardware
28096
17:42:31,520 --> 17:42:32,520
whereas hosted
28097
17:42:33,436 --> 17:42:34,436
doesn't run directly on the hardware it
28098
17:42:34,880 --> 17:42:35,880
runs
28099
17:42:36,240 --> 17:42:37,240
over
28100
17:42:37,276 --> 17:42:38,276
an operating system so it's one level
28101
17:42:40,160 --> 17:42:41,160
removed and you can think about that two
28102
17:42:41,756 --> 17:42:42,756
minus one is one level removed from one
28103
17:42:44,636 --> 17:42:45,636
um
28104
17:42:46,880 --> 17:42:47,880
in both cases these need just about all
28105
17:42:49,596 --> 17:42:50,596
the stuff cpu
28106
17:42:51,276 --> 17:42:52,276
ram storage you also need high-end
28107
17:42:54,720 --> 17:42:55,720
network
28108
17:42:56,000 --> 17:42:57,000
capabilities
28109
17:42:59,040 --> 17:43:00,040
thin and thick clients remember a thin
28110
17:43:01,116 --> 17:43:02,116
client
28111
17:43:04,080 --> 17:43:05,080
doesn't do its own processing
28112
17:43:09,200 --> 17:43:10,200
it is bare bones whereas a thick client
28113
17:43:15,276 --> 17:43:16,276
is basically equivalent to
28114
17:43:17,520 --> 17:43:18,520
a pc a regular computer a home server pc
28115
17:43:22,560 --> 17:43:23,560
is basically like a business pc but runs
28116
17:43:24,956 --> 17:43:25,956
windows 7 generally
28117
17:43:28,000 --> 17:43:29,000
or
28118
17:43:28,880 --> 17:43:29,880
or another consumer operating system as
28119
17:43:30,720 --> 17:43:31,720
opposed to a business one
28120
17:43:32,400 --> 17:43:33,400
you're going to want to have maybe a
28121
17:43:34,080 --> 17:43:35,080
raid array on this
28122
17:43:35,680 --> 17:43:36,680
and a high-end network gigabit card
28123
17:43:38,880 --> 17:43:39,880
home theater pc the important thing to
28124
17:43:40,636 --> 17:43:41,636
remember here is that tv out card
28125
17:43:42,880 --> 17:43:43,880
although
28126
17:43:43,756 --> 17:43:44,756
uh
28127
17:43:44,880 --> 17:43:45,880
you also need a tv input card so
28128
17:43:47,276 --> 17:43:48,276
basically it's a tv input and output
28129
17:43:49,200 --> 17:43:50,200
card one to get the video out onto the
28130
17:43:51,200 --> 17:43:52,200
tv and one to input that signal
28131
17:43:55,040 --> 17:43:56,040
a gaming pc is gonna have everything we
28132
17:43:57,116 --> 17:43:58,116
talked about uh it needs you know cpu
28133
17:44:01,200 --> 17:44:02,200
graphics
28134
17:44:04,560 --> 17:44:05,560
sound
28135
17:44:06,320 --> 17:44:07,320
ram
28136
17:44:08,160 --> 17:44:09,160
network it basically needs everything
28137
17:44:10,796 --> 17:44:11,796
and in some cases it's going to use scan
28138
17:44:12,956 --> 17:44:13,956
line interleave which remember is two
28139
17:44:16,080 --> 17:44:17,080
graphics cards
28140
17:44:19,276 --> 17:44:20,276
you have to make sure you have a
28141
17:44:20,400 --> 17:44:21,400
compatible motherboard though
28142
17:44:23,360 --> 17:44:24,360
all right
28143
17:44:24,400 --> 17:44:25,400
so we've talked about all of this
28144
17:44:25,756 --> 17:44:26,756
information
28145
17:44:27,200 --> 17:44:28,200
dealing with specific cons
28146
17:44:30,320 --> 17:44:31,320
setups for computers
28147
17:44:35,720 --> 17:44:36,720
[Music]
28148
17:44:52,240 --> 17:44:53,240
welcome to module 17 lesson two
28149
17:44:54,956 --> 17:44:55,956
configuring soho multifunction devices
28150
17:44:58,480 --> 17:44:59,480
which is a new addition to the a plus
28151
17:45:00,796 --> 17:45:01,796
syllabus syllabus
28152
17:45:03,436 --> 17:45:04,436
introduction to soho multifunction
28153
17:45:05,756 --> 17:45:06,756
device stroke printer
28154
17:45:08,080 --> 17:45:09,080
the functions we'll call them mfps i
28155
17:45:10,480 --> 17:45:11,480
think to save my breath
28156
17:45:12,480 --> 17:45:13,480
features of mfps advanced features
28157
17:45:15,596 --> 17:45:16,596
benefits
28158
17:45:17,276 --> 17:45:18,276
drivers the configuration settings
28159
17:45:21,116 --> 17:45:22,116
wired device sharing
28160
17:45:23,276 --> 17:45:24,276
common interfaces
28161
17:45:26,796 --> 17:45:27,796
wireless common interfaces
28162
17:45:29,680 --> 17:45:30,680
the integrated print server hardware
28163
17:45:32,480 --> 17:45:33,480
cloud and remote printing public shared
28164
17:45:35,436 --> 17:45:36,436
devices and data privacy
28165
17:45:39,596 --> 17:45:40,596
so here's an image of a typical
28166
17:45:41,520 --> 17:45:42,520
multi-function device which for all
28167
17:45:44,000 --> 17:45:45,000
intents and purposes is is a printer
28168
17:45:46,240 --> 17:45:47,240
with other features as opposed to
28169
17:45:49,200 --> 17:45:50,200
um
28170
17:45:50,720 --> 17:45:51,720
other options but you're mainly going to
28171
17:45:52,480 --> 17:45:53,480
be using it for a printer
28172
17:45:55,596 --> 17:45:56,596
it says soho stands for small office
28173
17:45:58,000 --> 17:45:59,000
home office which there are probably
28174
17:46:00,080 --> 17:46:01,080
millions of people that work out of a
28175
17:46:02,796 --> 17:46:03,796
a spare bedroom or a little
28176
17:46:05,756 --> 17:46:06,756
cabin somewhere or something in the
28177
17:46:07,360 --> 17:46:08,360
bottom of the garden remote workers for
28178
17:46:09,680 --> 17:46:10,680
large companies or self-employed people
28179
17:46:11,596 --> 17:46:12,596
who are running small businesses
28180
17:46:14,320 --> 17:46:15,320
like massage therapists and beauticians
28181
17:46:16,480 --> 17:46:17,480
and things like that
28182
17:46:18,000 --> 17:46:19,000
the soho multifunction device is also
28183
17:46:20,160 --> 17:46:21,160
also known as a mfp a multi-function
28184
17:46:22,956 --> 17:46:23,956
printer
28185
17:46:25,116 --> 17:46:26,116
so what does it do
28186
17:46:26,956 --> 17:46:27,956
well it's quite a few functions it
28187
17:46:28,956 --> 17:46:29,956
prints it can
28188
17:46:31,200 --> 17:46:32,200
photocopy
28189
17:46:32,880 --> 17:46:33,880
scan
28190
17:46:34,320 --> 17:46:35,320
fax not that anyone sends them but i
28191
17:46:36,400 --> 17:46:37,400
think they have a that capability
28192
17:46:40,080 --> 17:46:41,080
so mfps are generally connected to a
28193
17:46:42,240 --> 17:46:43,240
network through ethernet and usb ports
28194
17:46:46,636 --> 17:46:47,636
has a basic think finishing
28195
17:46:48,956 --> 17:46:49,956
functionality such as two-sided printing
28196
17:46:51,200 --> 17:46:52,200
and duplexing so these are just a couple
28197
17:46:54,080 --> 17:46:55,080
of the features you would find on
28198
17:46:56,080 --> 17:46:57,080
advanced
28199
17:46:57,360 --> 17:46:58,360
office and printers
28200
17:47:00,000 --> 17:47:01,000
and that also do photocopy and stuff
28201
17:47:01,916 --> 17:47:02,916
these things obviously can sort them
28202
17:47:04,320 --> 17:47:05,320
print on two pages
28203
17:47:06,400 --> 17:47:07,400
and some of them can even
28204
17:47:08,560 --> 17:47:09,560
staple and insert spines but obviously
28205
17:47:10,956 --> 17:47:11,956
these smaller devices
28206
17:47:12,956 --> 17:47:13,956
um aren't really designed to do that
28207
17:47:15,040 --> 17:47:16,040
much stuff
28208
17:47:18,080 --> 17:47:19,080
the mfps offer standard capabilities
28209
17:47:20,880 --> 17:47:21,880
such as docket document
28210
17:47:23,436 --> 17:47:24,436
output offset sorting inflation normally
28211
17:47:26,160 --> 17:47:27,160
and when you come to do the printing you
28212
17:47:27,680 --> 17:47:28,680
will see some features like
28213
17:47:29,756 --> 17:47:30,756
do you want to print all of page one you
28214
17:47:32,636 --> 17:47:33,636
do you want to sort it in pages one to
28215
17:47:34,400 --> 17:47:35,400
ten and then print one to ten again and
28216
17:47:36,636 --> 17:47:37,636
again that's a little collate it and
28217
17:47:38,636 --> 17:47:39,636
then obviously it's down to you to pick
28218
17:47:40,720 --> 17:47:41,720
pick the big pile out and sort it out
28219
17:47:42,560 --> 17:47:43,560
and staple it or whatever you wanna do
28220
17:47:45,360 --> 17:47:46,360
there's some advantage features like you
28221
17:47:46,880 --> 17:47:47,880
can scan documents or send it to email
28222
17:47:49,360 --> 17:47:50,360
network folders or usb drives
28223
17:47:52,160 --> 17:47:53,160
and can be accessed using mobile devices
28224
17:47:54,636 --> 17:47:55,636
i guess it depends on how much money
28225
17:47:56,080 --> 17:47:57,080
you've got to spend on these devices
28226
17:47:58,956 --> 17:47:59,956
they could allow cloud printing using
28227
17:48:01,436 --> 17:48:02,436
the vendor's web applications
28228
17:48:04,160 --> 17:48:05,160
they could also contain hard disk drive
28229
17:48:05,916 --> 17:48:06,916
to store information while processing
28230
17:48:08,400 --> 17:48:09,400
all of their requests
28231
17:48:11,040 --> 17:48:12,040
basic authentication which i think we
28232
17:48:13,040 --> 17:48:14,040
cover later on
28233
17:48:15,916 --> 17:48:16,916
uh benefits the popular because i have a
28234
17:48:18,796 --> 17:48:19,796
smaller footprint i either take up less
28235
17:48:20,956 --> 17:48:21,956
space
28236
17:48:22,320 --> 17:48:23,320
and the ones you've got can just be you
28237
17:48:24,956 --> 17:48:25,956
know a
28238
17:48:26,240 --> 17:48:27,240
couple of square feet and they can sit
28239
17:48:28,480 --> 17:48:29,480
on a shelf somewhere or under a desk or
28240
17:48:31,040 --> 17:48:32,040
even in a drawer
28241
17:48:33,040 --> 17:48:34,040
save power because you don't have
28242
17:48:35,116 --> 17:48:36,116
the three or four devices you're trying
28243
17:48:36,956 --> 17:48:37,956
to power
28244
17:48:38,080 --> 17:48:39,080
obviously save cost and because you're
28245
17:48:40,636 --> 17:48:41,636
not purchasing all of the devices
28246
17:48:44,000 --> 17:48:45,000
um
28247
17:48:45,116 --> 17:48:46,116
flexibility for a regular task from a
28248
17:48:48,160 --> 17:48:49,160
single device
28249
17:48:50,160 --> 17:48:51,160
now before you actually install it make
28250
17:48:52,080 --> 17:48:53,080
sure you've got the correct driver you
28251
17:48:54,080 --> 17:48:55,080
really do need to be careful that you've
28252
17:48:55,840 --> 17:48:56,840
got the specific driver
28253
17:48:58,956 --> 17:48:59,956
a few years ago you used to be able to
28254
17:49:00,636 --> 17:49:01,636
get away with um if you couldn't find
28255
17:49:03,360 --> 17:49:04,360
your specific model a printer driver you
28256
17:49:05,596 --> 17:49:06,596
could find something similar and
28257
17:49:07,276 --> 17:49:08,276
generally it would work because the only
28258
17:49:09,200 --> 17:49:10,200
function at the time was printing
28259
17:49:11,520 --> 17:49:12,520
well now um you must find the specific
28260
17:49:14,400 --> 17:49:15,400
model and sub model uh for your printer
28261
17:49:19,596 --> 17:49:20,596
your mfp
28262
17:49:22,480 --> 17:49:23,480
i also find the correct one for your
28263
17:49:24,720 --> 17:49:25,720
version of operating system they're
28264
17:49:26,720 --> 17:49:27,720
drilled down now so
28265
17:49:28,560 --> 17:49:29,560
windows xp vista
28266
17:49:30,796 --> 17:49:31,796
seven now
28267
17:49:32,400 --> 17:49:33,400
it might actually be the same driver but
28268
17:49:34,240 --> 17:49:35,240
you still need to do check on the
28269
17:49:35,520 --> 17:49:36,520
manufacturer's site that you're
28270
17:49:36,720 --> 17:49:37,720
installing the one that's listed or that
28271
17:49:39,360 --> 17:49:40,360
driver covers three or four operating
28272
17:49:41,840 --> 17:49:42,840
systems
28273
17:49:45,520 --> 17:49:46,520
if you've got a 32-bit operating system
28274
17:49:47,276 --> 17:49:48,276
then you should install the driver meant
28275
17:49:48,796 --> 17:49:49,796
for the 32-bit operating system unless
28276
17:49:51,360 --> 17:49:52,360
the driver software says that it's
28277
17:49:53,276 --> 17:49:54,276
compatible with
28278
17:49:54,720 --> 17:49:55,720
um both
28279
17:49:57,116 --> 17:49:58,116
different configuration settings such as
28280
17:49:58,880 --> 17:49:59,880
duplex collate orientation of the page
28281
17:50:02,240 --> 17:50:03,240
quality
28282
17:50:04,160 --> 17:50:05,160
normally it comes with software so
28283
17:50:05,596 --> 17:50:06,596
you'll actually download the driver but
28284
17:50:07,200 --> 17:50:08,200
also install the manufacturer software i
28285
17:50:09,596 --> 17:50:10,596
know for my hewlett pack card
28286
17:50:11,596 --> 17:50:12,596
you can do a whole bunch of things with
28287
17:50:13,040 --> 17:50:14,040
the pr with the printer when you install
28288
17:50:14,796 --> 17:50:15,796
it but it can also do things like clean
28289
17:50:17,116 --> 17:50:18,116
the
28290
17:50:18,400 --> 17:50:19,400
nozzles on on the printers it can
28291
17:50:20,240 --> 17:50:21,240
perform their diagnos diagnostics and a
28292
17:50:22,880 --> 17:50:23,880
whole bunch of other stuff just so it's
28293
17:50:24,720 --> 17:50:25,720
working
28294
17:50:25,680 --> 17:50:26,680
optimally
28295
17:50:27,436 --> 17:50:28,436
so duplex is printed on both sides and
28296
17:50:29,596 --> 17:50:30,596
yes this is actually in the syllabus i'm
28297
17:50:32,080 --> 17:50:33,080
pretty sure you know it i know it and
28298
17:50:34,000 --> 17:50:35,000
everyone else knows it but because it's
28299
17:50:36,000 --> 17:50:37,000
in the syllabus i want to copy it
28300
17:50:38,636 --> 17:50:39,636
with duplicate setting the paper
28301
17:50:40,080 --> 17:50:41,080
produced from the printer
28302
17:50:42,160 --> 17:50:43,160
after printing has both sides printed
28303
17:50:46,796 --> 17:50:47,796
so says paper obviously
28304
17:50:48,720 --> 17:50:49,720
should be uh supported by your mfp
28305
17:50:50,956 --> 17:50:51,956
device if it doesn't support it you
28306
17:50:53,200 --> 17:50:54,200
basically have to do the old-fashioned
28307
17:50:54,956 --> 17:50:55,956
way of print it
28308
17:50:56,636 --> 17:50:57,636
work out which way
28309
17:50:59,040 --> 17:51:00,040
upside down
28310
17:51:00,956 --> 17:51:01,956
uh back to front or flip it
28311
17:51:03,436 --> 17:51:04,436
uh to put the piece of paper back in so
28312
17:51:05,680 --> 17:51:06,680
you've got to do a little bit of um
28313
17:51:08,480 --> 17:51:09,480
testing i've done it where i've put
28314
17:51:10,720 --> 17:51:11,720
arrows and just printed some test pages
28315
17:51:13,040 --> 17:51:14,040
but i've written an arrow on the page
28316
17:51:15,276 --> 17:51:16,276
just to see which way it was supposed to
28317
17:51:16,796 --> 17:51:17,796
go in and then for the duplex
28318
17:51:20,160 --> 17:51:21,160
clay allows you to print pages in a
28319
17:51:21,756 --> 17:51:22,756
predetermined order and this should be a
28320
17:51:23,840 --> 17:51:24,840
little check box
28321
17:51:26,560 --> 17:51:27,560
useful when printing many copies of a
28322
17:51:28,240 --> 17:51:29,240
document containing multiple pages
28323
17:51:31,596 --> 17:51:32,596
for example if you want to print five
28324
17:51:32,956 --> 17:51:33,956
copies of a brochure containing three
28325
17:51:34,720 --> 17:51:35,720
pages and the clate would go one two
28326
17:51:37,040 --> 17:51:38,040
three one two three one two three one
28327
17:51:38,480 --> 17:51:39,480
two three one two three
28328
17:51:40,796 --> 17:51:41,796
just have you sorted everything out if
28329
17:51:42,796 --> 17:51:43,796
you don't choose clay and i'm sure we've
28330
17:51:44,560 --> 17:51:45,560
all made that mistake at work then it
28331
17:51:46,720 --> 17:51:47,720
will print one one one one one two two
28332
17:51:49,360 --> 17:51:50,360
two two etc etc which is soul destroying
28333
17:51:52,796 --> 17:51:53,796
when you realize you've done it
28334
17:51:55,040 --> 17:51:56,040
uh portrait landscape are two modes
28335
17:51:57,360 --> 17:51:58,360
again i'm sure you know this but i want
28336
17:51:59,360 --> 17:52:00,360
to make sure you do because it's in the
28337
17:52:01,040 --> 17:52:02,040
syllabus orientation
28338
17:52:03,200 --> 17:52:04,200
portrait allows you to print the context
28339
17:52:05,040 --> 17:52:06,040
in the form of a regular letter with the
28340
17:52:07,596 --> 17:52:08,596
short edges of the paper on the top and
28341
17:52:09,360 --> 17:52:10,360
the bottom
28342
17:52:10,956 --> 17:52:11,956
um landscape but sometimes when you
28343
17:52:13,916 --> 17:52:14,916
printed an image or a photograph or
28344
17:52:16,160 --> 17:52:17,160
you're printing several photographs that
28345
17:52:18,480 --> 17:52:19,480
you want to cut up for um
28346
17:52:20,636 --> 17:52:21,636
homework projects for kids and stuff
28347
17:52:22,400 --> 17:52:23,400
like that then you would print it with
28348
17:52:24,160 --> 17:52:25,160
alongside the short side on the left and
28349
17:52:26,320 --> 17:52:27,320
right
28350
17:52:28,880 --> 17:52:29,880
quality the printout can be adjusted by
28351
17:52:30,956 --> 17:52:31,956
choosing the type of paper that we're
28352
17:52:32,480 --> 17:52:33,480
going to use for printing
28353
17:52:34,320 --> 17:52:35,320
the type of print black or color print
28354
17:52:36,720 --> 17:52:37,720
is the quality of the print itself such
28355
17:52:38,720 --> 17:52:39,720
as draft normal or best yeah this is
28356
17:52:41,436 --> 17:52:42,436
just basically to save ink if you just
28357
17:52:43,200 --> 17:52:44,200
got
28358
17:52:44,400 --> 17:52:45,400
um something basic you want to read over
28359
17:52:46,956 --> 17:52:47,956
just to
28360
17:52:48,000 --> 17:52:49,000
check
28361
17:52:48,796 --> 17:52:49,796
spelling or how it looks on the page you
28362
17:52:50,636 --> 17:52:51,636
don't want to do best quality
28363
17:52:54,000 --> 17:52:55,000
um if you want to print a color picture
28364
17:52:56,000 --> 17:52:57,000
best quality then you have to feed the
28365
17:52:57,840 --> 17:52:58,840
photo paper into the tray select the
28366
17:53:00,636 --> 17:53:01,636
media choose color and then best quality
28367
17:53:04,320 --> 17:53:05,320
or it could be photo quality
28368
17:53:07,756 --> 17:53:08,756
wired device sharing a device showing on
28369
17:53:10,080 --> 17:53:11,080
a computer network can be either wired
28370
17:53:11,916 --> 17:53:12,916
or wireless as we know
28371
17:53:14,080 --> 17:53:15,080
and there's many ways an mfp device can
28372
17:53:16,240 --> 17:53:17,240
be wired to a network
28373
17:53:19,756 --> 17:53:20,756
commoner
28374
17:53:20,840 --> 17:53:21,840
usb serial not as common anymore
28375
17:53:24,160 --> 17:53:25,160
actually a serial connection or ethernet
28376
17:53:27,276 --> 17:53:28,276
which obviously means you um if it's
28377
17:53:30,240 --> 17:53:31,240
going on the network it needs an ip
28378
17:53:32,160 --> 17:53:33,160
address for network printing
28379
17:53:36,240 --> 17:53:37,240
a usb the usb port on the computer is
28380
17:53:39,040 --> 17:53:40,040
type a
28381
17:53:40,160 --> 17:53:41,160
normally have a type b connected to your
28382
17:53:42,636 --> 17:53:43,636
printer which is the square type of usb
28383
17:53:45,436 --> 17:53:46,436
cable
28384
17:53:49,360 --> 17:53:50,360
we've covered the usb cables earlier
28385
17:53:52,160 --> 17:53:53,160
serials not seen that much anymore
28386
17:53:54,636 --> 17:53:55,636
legacy serial ports
28387
17:53:56,956 --> 17:53:57,956
probably couldn't do a lot of the
28388
17:53:58,160 --> 17:53:59,160
advanced stuff though with the um
28389
17:54:00,880 --> 17:54:01,880
serial ports
28390
17:54:02,320 --> 17:54:03,320
ethernet interface mfp device with an
28391
17:54:04,880 --> 17:54:05,880
ethernet interface can be connected
28392
17:54:06,480 --> 17:54:07,480
directly to a computer network
28393
17:54:09,200 --> 17:54:10,200
the ethernet interface of an mfp device
28394
17:54:11,520 --> 17:54:12,520
is an ap8c connector often referred to
28395
17:54:14,636 --> 17:54:15,636
as rj45
28396
17:54:17,200 --> 17:54:18,200
sure we've all seen those a couple ways
28397
17:54:19,596 --> 17:54:20,596
to wirelessly connect to the mfp device
28398
17:54:22,956 --> 17:54:23,956
are bluetooth 802.11
28399
17:54:28,320 --> 17:54:29,320
bluetooth works over short distances and
28400
17:54:30,880 --> 17:54:31,880
you can print using your mobile device
28401
17:54:33,200 --> 17:54:34,200
for example
28402
17:54:35,560 --> 17:54:36,560
802.11 is for wireless networking as we
28403
17:54:38,636 --> 17:54:39,636
already know i'm sure
28404
17:54:40,320 --> 17:54:41,320
if your mfp device supports it then you
28405
17:54:42,956 --> 17:54:43,956
can connect to the wireless network
28406
17:54:45,116 --> 17:54:46,116
allowing your computers
28407
17:54:46,956 --> 17:54:47,956
or mobile devices to carry out all the
28408
17:54:49,520 --> 17:54:50,520
usual tasks
28409
17:54:52,480 --> 17:54:53,480
types of wireless lans you can have uh
28410
17:54:54,956 --> 17:54:55,956
infrastructure or ad hoc
28411
17:54:57,520 --> 17:54:58,520
the infrastructure mode the computers
28412
17:54:59,200 --> 17:55:00,200
use 802.11 and whichever the
28413
17:55:01,756 --> 17:55:02,756
specification is to connect through an
28414
17:55:04,080 --> 17:55:05,080
access point
28415
17:55:05,680 --> 17:55:06,680
in ad hoc your your devices connect
28416
17:55:08,560 --> 17:55:09,560
directly to the um mfp
28417
17:55:13,116 --> 17:55:14,116
integrated print server hardware
28418
17:55:15,916 --> 17:55:16,916
uh when the mfp supports network
28419
17:55:17,756 --> 17:55:18,756
connectivity it'll have built-in a
28420
17:55:20,000 --> 17:55:21,000
built-in print server that manages the
28421
17:55:22,160 --> 17:55:23,160
print jobs without a need for a network
28422
17:55:24,560 --> 17:55:25,560
computer to act as the print server
28423
17:55:26,880 --> 17:55:27,880
it's pretty old-fashioned stuff no
28424
17:55:28,240 --> 17:55:29,240
actually want to hear that term print
28425
17:55:30,160 --> 17:55:31,160
servers haven't heard that for a few
28426
17:55:31,596 --> 17:55:32,596
years
28427
17:55:33,276 --> 17:55:34,276
if an mfp device supports cloud printing
28428
17:55:35,436 --> 17:55:36,436
or remote printing then you can print
28429
17:55:36,956 --> 17:55:37,956
lead directly to an mfp device from
28430
17:55:39,276 --> 17:55:40,276
anywhere
28431
17:55:41,436 --> 17:55:42,436
in the cloud printing or remote printing
28432
17:55:43,596 --> 17:55:44,596
the devices
28433
17:55:45,200 --> 17:55:46,200
and sorry the documents to be printed
28434
17:55:47,040 --> 17:55:48,040
can be sent over the web to a printer
28435
17:55:49,276 --> 17:55:50,276
connected to a remote computer
28436
17:55:51,520 --> 17:55:52,520
that's providing both the um print on
28437
17:55:54,000 --> 17:55:55,000
the remote computer switched on and
28438
17:55:56,480 --> 17:55:57,480
connected to the cloud
28439
17:55:58,480 --> 17:55:59,480
i think you probably and look up on your
28440
17:56:01,680 --> 17:56:02,680
printer's manufacturer's website if you
28441
17:56:04,080 --> 17:56:05,080
want to research more on the cloud
28442
17:56:05,520 --> 17:56:06,520
printing
28443
17:56:06,880 --> 17:56:07,880
an example is if you want to print from
28444
17:56:09,040 --> 17:56:10,040
an erp system to a printer located in a
28445
17:56:11,916 --> 17:56:12,916
remote facility such as a warehouse you
28446
17:56:15,116 --> 17:56:16,116
could be asked by somebody
28447
17:56:17,520 --> 17:56:18,520
who works in your
28448
17:56:20,080 --> 17:56:21,080
company to run off a print but they want
28449
17:56:23,116 --> 17:56:24,116
it to be printed at this this other
28450
17:56:25,436 --> 17:56:26,436
printer that's connected to the cloud
28451
17:56:27,840 --> 17:56:28,840
system
28452
17:56:28,956 --> 17:56:29,956
so that would save you printing it and
28453
17:56:30,480 --> 17:56:31,480
then having to take it or even post it
28454
17:56:34,080 --> 17:56:35,080
public shared devices that can be either
28455
17:56:36,160 --> 17:56:37,160
local or networking can be shared via
28456
17:56:38,080 --> 17:56:39,080
your operating system
28457
17:56:39,916 --> 17:56:40,916
such as tcp bonjour or airprint
28458
17:56:46,000 --> 17:56:47,000
your mfp device if it's networked i said
28459
17:56:48,160 --> 17:56:49,160
earlier it needs to have an ip address
28460
17:56:50,080 --> 17:56:51,080
and the printer ports open for traffic
28461
17:56:52,636 --> 17:56:53,636
check your documentation to see what the
28462
17:56:54,636 --> 17:56:55,636
printer ports would be
28463
17:56:56,560 --> 17:56:57,560
for um for your device but that
28464
17:56:58,880 --> 17:56:59,880
obviously needs to be permitted through
28465
17:57:00,240 --> 17:57:01,240
the firewall
28466
17:57:01,756 --> 17:57:02,756
you can connect to the device using its
28467
17:57:03,520 --> 17:57:04,520
ip address also
28468
17:57:05,520 --> 17:57:06,520
a lot of the time it would be named
28469
17:57:06,956 --> 17:57:07,956
you'd collect a name printer and the
28470
17:57:08,636 --> 17:57:09,636
name would be allocated to the office
28471
17:57:12,160 --> 17:57:13,160
mac operating systems use the bonjour
28472
17:57:14,000 --> 17:57:15,000
service to find devices
28473
17:57:16,240 --> 17:57:17,240
you have to enable this set it on the
28474
17:57:18,240 --> 17:57:19,240
printer
28475
17:57:20,080 --> 17:57:21,080
airprint is apple's technology that
28476
17:57:22,400 --> 17:57:23,400
allows you to print from your mac or ios
28477
17:57:24,400 --> 17:57:25,400
device to an air print enabled mfp
28478
17:57:28,320 --> 17:57:29,320
that's without the need to install or
28479
17:57:31,116 --> 17:57:32,116
add drivers
28480
17:57:33,200 --> 17:57:34,200
data privacy user authentication on the
28481
17:57:35,436 --> 17:57:36,436
mfp is necessary if you want to prevent
28482
17:57:37,756 --> 17:57:38,756
unauthorized access depends what your
28483
17:57:40,240 --> 17:57:41,240
device supports and in
28484
17:57:42,636 --> 17:57:43,636
what depth
28485
17:57:45,680 --> 17:57:46,680
some advanced mfp devices have a hard
28486
17:57:47,916 --> 17:57:48,916
drive caching for storing or spooling
28487
17:57:49,840 --> 17:57:50,840
the print job
28488
17:57:51,520 --> 17:57:52,520
now in order to show data privacy you
28489
17:57:53,916 --> 17:57:54,916
could be printing off some sensitive
28490
17:57:55,520 --> 17:57:56,520
things like
28491
17:57:56,796 --> 17:57:57,796
proposals or
28492
17:57:58,796 --> 17:57:59,796
and
28493
17:57:59,756 --> 17:58:00,756
buyouts of other companies or
28494
17:58:01,116 --> 17:58:02,116
redundancies
28495
17:58:02,636 --> 17:58:03,636
it's recommended to encrypt the internal
28496
17:58:04,240 --> 17:58:05,240
hard drive
28497
17:58:05,436 --> 17:58:06,436
if possible
28498
17:58:06,956 --> 17:58:07,956
or print directly from memory so you
28499
17:58:08,560 --> 17:58:09,560
don't actually store it
28500
17:58:10,796 --> 17:58:11,796
all right so we've covered a lot of
28501
17:58:11,916 --> 17:58:12,916
stuff including the introduction to soho
28502
17:58:14,000 --> 17:58:15,000
the functions the general features in
28503
17:58:16,000 --> 17:58:17,000
advanced
28504
17:58:17,436 --> 17:58:18,436
benefits
28505
17:58:18,880 --> 17:58:19,880
drivers and configurations for wired
28506
17:58:21,200 --> 17:58:22,200
wireless
28507
17:58:23,040 --> 17:58:24,040
you integrated hardware
28508
17:58:25,596 --> 17:58:26,596
cloud printing
28509
17:58:27,680 --> 17:58:28,680
data privacy that's all for now thanks
28510
17:58:30,160 --> 17:58:31,160
for watching
28511
17:58:35,120 --> 17:58:36,120
[Music]
28512
17:58:55,360 --> 17:58:56,360
printers
28513
17:58:56,560 --> 17:58:57,560
printer types and technologies
28514
17:59:00,320 --> 17:59:01,320
believe it or not there's actually a lot
28515
17:59:01,916 --> 17:59:02,916
of
28516
17:59:02,720 --> 17:59:03,720
questions on the a plus exam about
28517
17:59:05,200 --> 17:59:06,200
printers and that's because in our work
28518
17:59:07,840 --> 17:59:08,840
as technicians we are often fixing
28519
17:59:10,480 --> 17:59:11,480
printers even though there are people
28520
17:59:12,240 --> 17:59:13,240
who specialize just in copiers and
28521
17:59:14,480 --> 17:59:15,480
printers etc
28522
17:59:16,000 --> 17:59:17,000
that's because it is one of the most
28523
17:59:18,160 --> 17:59:19,160
common output devices that we find when
28524
17:59:21,040 --> 17:59:22,040
there is a computer involved
28525
17:59:22,880 --> 17:59:23,880
not only that but the way they connect
28526
17:59:24,956 --> 17:59:25,956
to a computer or network varies and
28527
17:59:27,680 --> 17:59:28,680
there are several different types of
28528
17:59:29,116 --> 17:59:30,116
them
28529
17:59:30,080 --> 17:59:31,080
in fact four the four you see
28530
17:59:32,000 --> 17:59:33,000
represented in front of you right now
28531
17:59:34,320 --> 17:59:35,320
so what we're going to do is talk about
28532
17:59:36,320 --> 17:59:37,320
first these printer types and
28533
17:59:38,240 --> 17:59:39,240
technologies and how these printers work
28534
17:59:40,636 --> 17:59:41,636
and then we'll talk about
28535
17:59:42,880 --> 17:59:43,880
how they connect and how to troubleshoot
28536
17:59:45,520 --> 17:59:46,520
them after installing them
28537
17:59:48,720 --> 17:59:49,720
so in this video
28538
17:59:50,560 --> 17:59:51,560
we're gonna go over uh printers in
28539
17:59:53,040 --> 17:59:54,040
general
28540
17:59:54,480 --> 17:59:55,480
talk about multi-function or all-in-one
28541
17:59:57,116 --> 17:59:58,116
printers which many of you have in your
28542
17:59:59,596 --> 18:00:00,596
homes or are in many home offices
28543
18:00:03,520 --> 18:00:04,520
and then we'll look at the four main
28544
18:00:05,276 --> 18:00:06,276
types of printers and how they work
28545
18:00:07,436 --> 18:00:08,436
these are laser printers
28546
18:00:10,000 --> 18:00:11,000
inkjet or bubble jet printers
28547
18:00:13,200 --> 18:00:14,200
thermal printers
28548
18:00:15,520 --> 18:00:16,520
and impact printers
28549
18:00:17,916 --> 18:00:18,916
now even though you would think the a
28550
18:00:20,480 --> 18:00:21,480
plus exam is going to cover mostly
28551
18:00:22,240 --> 18:00:23,240
computers don't forget that nowadays
28552
18:00:24,480 --> 18:00:25,480
printers are so complex they are mini
28553
18:00:26,320 --> 18:00:27,320
computers and as a result we're going to
28554
18:00:28,240 --> 18:00:29,240
see a lot of questions on the exam about
28555
18:00:30,080 --> 18:00:31,080
them so it's really important that you
28556
18:00:31,596 --> 18:00:32,596
pay attention to some of the stuff we're
28557
18:00:33,360 --> 18:00:34,360
going to cover in this exam uh in this
28558
18:00:35,040 --> 18:00:36,040
video
28559
18:00:36,480 --> 18:00:37,480
finally we'll talk about local versus
28560
18:00:38,240 --> 18:00:39,240
network printers which gets a tad
28561
18:00:40,560 --> 18:00:41,560
complex if you've never actually worked
28562
18:00:42,080 --> 18:00:43,080
with them
28563
18:00:43,116 --> 18:00:44,116
and again we'll cover this more in
28564
18:00:45,276 --> 18:00:46,276
networks and then if you're continuing
28565
18:00:47,276 --> 18:00:48,276
on to the network plus exam we'll talk
28566
18:00:49,276 --> 18:00:50,276
about these a little bit more there
28567
18:00:52,320 --> 18:00:53,320
okay so first let's talk about printers
28568
18:00:54,480 --> 18:00:55,480
in general they're possibly the second
28569
18:00:57,116 --> 18:00:58,116
most popular output device right behind
28570
18:00:59,360 --> 18:01:00,360
video displays obviously
28571
18:01:01,916 --> 18:01:02,916
we need a video display in order to see
28572
18:01:04,240 --> 18:01:05,240
what we're doing on the computer but
28573
18:01:06,560 --> 18:01:07,560
unless we can get that information off
28574
18:01:08,400 --> 18:01:09,400
of the computer
28575
18:01:09,680 --> 18:01:10,680
and put it into real world circulation
28576
18:01:12,480 --> 18:01:13,480
then we
28577
18:01:14,400 --> 18:01:15,400
are sort of limited in our ability to
28578
18:01:16,080 --> 18:01:17,080
use our computers
28579
18:01:17,436 --> 18:01:18,436
and that's why almost anywhere you find
28580
18:01:18,796 --> 18:01:19,796
a computer you'll find a printer of some
28581
18:01:20,720 --> 18:01:21,720
sort
28582
18:01:22,720 --> 18:01:23,720
out what a printer does its most basic
28583
18:01:25,360 --> 18:01:26,360
definition is it outputs hard copy
28584
18:01:28,160 --> 18:01:29,160
versions of what is on the computer
28585
18:01:29,756 --> 18:01:30,756
screen so if you're working on a word
28586
18:01:31,436 --> 18:01:32,436
document it can output that word
28587
18:01:33,200 --> 18:01:34,200
document onto a piece of paper if you're
28588
18:01:35,040 --> 18:01:36,040
working on editing a photo it should be
28589
18:01:36,956 --> 18:01:37,956
able to output that photo onto a piece
28590
18:01:39,596 --> 18:01:40,596
of paper
28591
18:01:41,360 --> 18:01:42,360
now many connect via the usb or directly
28592
18:01:45,116 --> 18:01:46,116
to the network and generally they'll
28593
18:01:47,360 --> 18:01:48,360
have both if they are a more advanced
28594
18:01:49,360 --> 18:01:50,360
printer sometimes they connect to the
28595
18:01:51,436 --> 18:01:52,436
network uh
28596
18:01:53,276 --> 18:01:54,276
through a wired connection
28597
18:01:56,080 --> 18:01:57,080
and more than often these days they're
28598
18:01:57,916 --> 18:01:58,916
connecting through wi-fi as well so
28599
18:02:00,400 --> 18:02:01,400
that's really increasing the
28600
18:02:01,680 --> 18:02:02,680
availability of them to network users
28601
18:02:04,240 --> 18:02:05,240
and making it easier to connect them as
28602
18:02:05,756 --> 18:02:06,756
well
28603
18:02:07,520 --> 18:02:08,520
now they rarely connect to parallel
28604
18:02:09,680 --> 18:02:10,680
ports nowadays remember we looked at the
28605
18:02:11,276 --> 18:02:12,276
parallel port and again that was a db 25
28606
18:02:14,880 --> 18:02:15,880
25 pin d shaped connector
28607
18:02:18,320 --> 18:02:19,320
uh that's the main way they used to
28608
18:02:20,480 --> 18:02:21,480
connect and you might have also seen
28609
18:02:22,160 --> 18:02:23,160
them called lpt ports lpt12 etc but
28610
18:02:27,116 --> 18:02:28,116
nowadays we rarely see these because
28611
18:02:30,240 --> 18:02:31,240
again except on some of the older
28612
18:02:32,000 --> 18:02:33,000
printers that you might encounter
28613
18:02:33,520 --> 18:02:34,520
depending on your clients
28614
18:02:35,436 --> 18:02:36,436
but we're really going to see more of a
28615
18:02:36,880 --> 18:02:37,880
connection via usb and the network
28616
18:02:41,360 --> 18:02:42,360
now multi-function printers
28617
18:02:44,880 --> 18:02:45,880
are like the name implies
28618
18:02:46,796 --> 18:02:47,796
also act as fax machines copiers
28619
18:02:49,360 --> 18:02:50,360
scanners etc for instance this device i
28620
18:02:51,756 --> 18:02:52,756
can see a number pad that's for the fax
28621
18:02:53,916 --> 18:02:54,916
machine you can see a document feeder
28622
18:02:56,560 --> 18:02:57,560
and if we were to lift this up we would
28623
18:02:59,276 --> 18:03:00,276
see a flatbed so that gives us the
28624
18:03:01,596 --> 18:03:02,596
copying and scanning functionality it
28625
18:03:04,080 --> 18:03:05,080
also acts as a printer and if you think
28626
18:03:06,240 --> 18:03:07,240
about it in a very larger sense if
28627
18:03:08,160 --> 18:03:09,160
you're ever in an office setting you
28628
18:03:09,840 --> 18:03:10,840
might have seen these really large
28629
18:03:11,520 --> 18:03:12,520
copiers well these nowadays are also
28630
18:03:13,840 --> 18:03:14,840
multi-function printers
28631
18:03:15,596 --> 18:03:16,596
yes a lot of people use them to copy but
28632
18:03:17,596 --> 18:03:18,596
it's also where you print stuff too and
28633
18:03:20,160 --> 18:03:21,160
nowadays they can act as scanners even
28634
18:03:22,240 --> 18:03:23,240
scanning stuff directly to email
28635
18:03:24,400 --> 18:03:25,400
or to a drive on the network so
28636
18:03:26,636 --> 18:03:27,636
multi-function devices are we're seeing
28637
18:03:28,720 --> 18:03:29,720
more and more often
28638
18:03:30,160 --> 18:03:31,160
in not only small office home offices
28639
18:03:32,636 --> 18:03:33,636
and by the way when i say small office
28640
18:03:34,400 --> 18:03:35,400
home office you might see that
28641
18:03:35,916 --> 18:03:36,916
referenced as soho but we're also seeing
28642
18:03:38,560 --> 18:03:39,560
them in larger offices thanks to the
28643
18:03:40,880 --> 18:03:41,880
expanding capabilities of copiers
28644
18:03:44,320 --> 18:03:45,320
now these are also known as all-in-one
28645
18:03:46,400 --> 18:03:47,400
printers specifically in the consumer
28646
18:03:48,240 --> 18:03:49,240
market so if you go to a
28647
18:03:50,320 --> 18:03:51,320
consumer
28648
18:03:51,520 --> 18:03:52,520
store such as the best buy you're
28649
18:03:53,360 --> 18:03:54,360
probably going to see it called an
28650
18:03:54,400 --> 18:03:55,400
all-in-one printer multi-function
28651
18:03:56,240 --> 18:03:57,240
printers or multi-function devices are
28652
18:03:58,400 --> 18:03:59,400
generally what we're going to call the
28653
18:03:59,520 --> 18:04:00,520
larger more expensive items
28654
18:04:02,796 --> 18:04:03,796
now there are four
28655
18:04:04,320 --> 18:04:05,320
printer types that we're going to
28656
18:04:05,916 --> 18:04:06,916
discuss not only just mention them in
28657
18:04:08,160 --> 18:04:09,160
name but we're also going to discuss how
28658
18:04:09,756 --> 18:04:10,756
exactly they work and how they work has
28659
18:04:12,320 --> 18:04:13,320
to do directly with their name there are
28660
18:04:14,160 --> 18:04:15,160
laser printers
28661
18:04:15,520 --> 18:04:16,520
which is this one right here
28662
18:04:18,560 --> 18:04:19,560
and laser printers use literally a laser
28663
18:04:21,916 --> 18:04:22,916
in order to print information onto
28664
18:04:24,880 --> 18:04:25,880
a piece of paper
28665
18:04:26,480 --> 18:04:27,480
that's not all they use obviously and
28666
18:04:28,320 --> 18:04:29,320
we'll talk
28667
18:04:29,436 --> 18:04:30,436
much more in depth about how laser
28668
18:04:30,796 --> 18:04:31,796
printers work there'll be several
28669
18:04:32,320 --> 18:04:33,320
questions on it on the exam next there
28670
18:04:34,636 --> 18:04:35,636
are what are called inkjet
28671
18:04:36,880 --> 18:04:37,880
or bubble jet printers
28672
18:04:39,040 --> 18:04:40,040
these are the most commonly seen in
28673
18:04:41,520 --> 18:04:42,520
consumer markets whereas laser we're
28674
18:04:43,200 --> 18:04:44,200
going to see more in
28675
18:04:46,880 --> 18:04:47,880
corporate sort of environments
28676
18:04:48,956 --> 18:04:49,956
and the bubble or inkjet has to do
28677
18:04:51,040 --> 18:04:52,040
mostly with how they were marketed we'll
28678
18:04:53,596 --> 18:04:54,596
talk about where the name bubble comes
28679
18:04:55,200 --> 18:04:56,200
from when we talk about inkjet printers
28680
18:04:57,756 --> 18:04:58,756
next there are thermal printers which
28681
18:05:00,000 --> 18:05:01,000
would be these these are also seen
28682
18:05:02,400 --> 18:05:03,400
usually in the context of commercial
28683
18:05:05,040 --> 18:05:06,040
sort of point of sales items if you ever
28684
18:05:07,200 --> 18:05:08,200
go check out at the grocery store or at
28685
18:05:10,480 --> 18:05:11,480
a
28686
18:05:11,680 --> 18:05:12,680
you know any sort of store actually and
28687
18:05:13,116 --> 18:05:14,116
you're giving a receipt say the gas
28688
18:05:15,520 --> 18:05:16,520
station as well you're generally being
28689
18:05:17,756 --> 18:05:18,756
given a receipt that was printed on
28690
18:05:19,680 --> 18:05:20,680
thermal paper
28691
18:05:21,436 --> 18:05:22,436
and used a thermal printer
28692
18:05:23,840 --> 18:05:24,840
finally the impact printers the most
28693
18:05:26,560 --> 18:05:27,560
common of watch of which is the dot
28694
18:05:29,276 --> 18:05:30,276
matrix printer you probably saw these uh
28695
18:05:32,080 --> 18:05:33,080
20 years ago if you were in computers
28696
18:05:34,160 --> 18:05:35,160
and you probably still these still see
28697
18:05:36,080 --> 18:05:37,080
these in certain contexts and we will
28698
18:05:38,560 --> 18:05:39,560
talk about those as well
28699
18:05:40,636 --> 18:05:41,636
so like the names imply a laser uses a
28700
18:05:43,200 --> 18:05:44,200
laser for printing inkjet uses ink that
28701
18:05:46,000 --> 18:05:47,000
is jettisoned directly onto the paper or
28702
18:05:48,636 --> 18:05:49,636
bubbled up through the
28703
18:05:50,720 --> 18:05:51,720
inkjet head onto the paper the thermal
28704
18:05:53,360 --> 18:05:54,360
printer uses a heat applied to a
28705
18:05:56,400 --> 18:05:57,400
specially coated paper
28706
18:05:58,400 --> 18:05:59,400
and the dot on the impact printer
28707
18:06:00,956 --> 18:06:01,956
or the dot matrix printer works most
28708
18:06:03,200 --> 18:06:04,200
like a typewriter which is that
28709
18:06:05,756 --> 18:06:06,756
the
28710
18:06:06,880 --> 18:06:07,880
print head makes impact with an ink
28711
18:06:09,200 --> 18:06:10,200
ribbon
28712
18:06:10,080 --> 18:06:11,080
and that impact creates uh the image or
28713
18:06:13,040 --> 18:06:14,040
words on the on the printer
28714
18:06:16,400 --> 18:06:17,400
great so let's take a look at a little
28715
18:06:17,916 --> 18:06:18,916
more in depth at uh first the laser
28716
18:06:20,636 --> 18:06:21,636
printer
28717
18:06:21,596 --> 18:06:22,596
laser printers produce high quality text
28718
18:06:24,080 --> 18:06:25,080
and graphics on cut sheets of paper the
28719
18:06:26,400 --> 18:06:27,400
reason i say cut sheets is when we get
28720
18:06:28,080 --> 18:06:29,080
to impact printers they're generally
28721
18:06:29,916 --> 18:06:30,916
using rolls or banner paper the type
28722
18:06:32,240 --> 18:06:33,240
that you've seen with the little
28723
18:06:34,320 --> 18:06:35,320
dots on either side of the paper
28724
18:06:38,000 --> 18:06:39,000
right
28725
18:06:39,596 --> 18:06:40,596
so rather than using that uh these use
28726
18:06:42,240 --> 18:06:43,240
rollers uh that are able to sort of move
28727
18:06:44,720 --> 18:06:45,720
these cut sheets of paper generally in
28728
18:06:46,880 --> 18:06:47,880
an eight and a half by eleven in the
28729
18:06:48,240 --> 18:06:49,240
states or an a4
28730
18:06:49,916 --> 18:06:50,916
uh out in um
28731
18:06:51,756 --> 18:06:52,756
in europe and other parts of the world
28732
18:06:54,160 --> 18:06:55,160
they're used mostly to print
28733
18:06:56,320 --> 18:06:57,320
in black and white
28734
18:06:58,160 --> 18:06:59,160
but advances in technology have uh and
28735
18:07:01,756 --> 18:07:02,756
therefore reduction in costs have
28736
18:07:03,680 --> 18:07:04,680
brought more color laser printers to
28737
18:07:05,200 --> 18:07:06,200
market whereas a color laser printer
28738
18:07:06,796 --> 18:07:07,796
used to be something very rare now we
28739
18:07:08,636 --> 18:07:09,636
see color laser printers quite
28740
18:07:10,320 --> 18:07:11,320
frequently and that's because nowadays
28741
18:07:12,636 --> 18:07:13,636
the
28742
18:07:13,436 --> 18:07:14,436
it's not as
28743
18:07:14,560 --> 18:07:15,560
uh expensive to get a color laser
28744
18:07:17,680 --> 18:07:18,680
printer as it once was whereas it used
28745
18:07:19,596 --> 18:07:20,596
to be if you were doing anything but
28746
18:07:21,040 --> 18:07:22,040
black and white that was unnecessary the
28747
18:07:22,720 --> 18:07:23,720
other reason we're seeing them more is
28748
18:07:23,840 --> 18:07:24,840
in businesses nowadays more people are
28749
18:07:25,596 --> 18:07:26,596
printing in um
28750
18:07:28,160 --> 18:07:29,160
in color whereas uh maybe 10 years ago
28751
18:07:31,276 --> 18:07:32,276
and before that
28752
18:07:32,636 --> 18:07:33,636
no one really had a need for
28753
18:07:34,560 --> 18:07:35,560
color printing if you could print in
28754
18:07:36,240 --> 18:07:37,240
black and white
28755
18:07:38,636 --> 18:07:39,636
the way this works and i'll talk about
28756
18:07:40,480 --> 18:07:41,480
this in much more depth is that a laser
28757
18:07:42,796 --> 18:07:43,796
beam projects the image onto an
28758
18:07:45,436 --> 18:07:46,436
electrically charged drum
28759
18:07:48,000 --> 18:07:49,000
uh what happens then is the toner is
28760
18:07:50,720 --> 18:07:51,720
spilled on that drum
28761
18:07:52,796 --> 18:07:53,796
and the toner has a different charge
28762
18:07:55,596 --> 18:07:56,596
than the drum and so uh just like if you
28763
18:07:59,040 --> 18:08:00,040
had glue and you painted onto a piece of
28764
18:08:01,436 --> 18:08:02,436
paper with glue and then you poured
28765
18:08:02,796 --> 18:08:03,796
confetti onto that
28766
18:08:04,720 --> 18:08:05,720
and then you sort of turned the paper
28767
18:08:06,400 --> 18:08:07,400
over and shook off all the confetti
28768
18:08:08,636 --> 18:08:09,636
whatever remained would be where the
28769
18:08:10,240 --> 18:08:11,240
glue was it works somewhat the same way
28770
18:08:13,040 --> 18:08:14,040
if that's a little unclear that's okay
28771
18:08:14,560 --> 18:08:15,560
we're about to talk about it a little
28772
18:08:15,916 --> 18:08:16,916
more um in depth so after the laser beam
28773
18:08:19,116 --> 18:08:20,116
projects that image onto a drum the drum
28774
18:08:22,160 --> 18:08:23,160
then is uh transfers that over to the
28775
18:08:24,240 --> 18:08:25,240
paper
28776
18:08:26,880 --> 18:08:27,880
so there are some advantages to laser
28777
18:08:28,560 --> 18:08:29,560
printers first of all uh the speed can
28778
18:08:30,636 --> 18:08:31,636
be anywhere from 10 to 100 pages per
28779
18:08:32,796 --> 18:08:33,796
minute just mechanically that's way
28780
18:08:34,636 --> 18:08:35,636
faster than we're going to see on dot
28781
18:08:36,400 --> 18:08:37,400
matrices on dot dot matrixes
28782
18:08:39,200 --> 18:08:40,200
most thermal printers and especially on
28783
18:08:43,680 --> 18:08:44,680
inkjets and you know if you have a
28784
18:08:45,360 --> 18:08:46,360
printer at home i doubt it's reaching
28785
18:08:46,880 --> 18:08:47,880
100 pages per minute
28786
18:08:49,116 --> 18:08:50,116
the print quality is also really high in
28787
18:08:51,360 --> 18:08:52,360
comparison to other forms of printers uh
28788
18:08:54,080 --> 18:08:55,080
it's generally at 600 dpi or dots per
28789
18:08:56,720 --> 18:08:57,720
inch but we see them at anywhere from 12
28790
18:08:59,200 --> 18:09:00,200
to 2 400 dpi resolution as well and
28791
18:09:02,080 --> 18:09:03,080
perhaps even higher depending on how
28792
18:09:03,596 --> 18:09:04,596
much you want to spend the
28793
18:09:05,840 --> 18:09:06,840
resolution of the print just like the
28794
18:09:07,520 --> 18:09:08,520
resolution on your video display
28795
18:09:09,756 --> 18:09:10,756
determines how fine of an image or how
28796
18:09:12,080 --> 18:09:13,080
fine the text is
28797
18:09:14,400 --> 18:09:15,400
also the cost is much cheaper the
28798
18:09:16,880 --> 18:09:17,880
toner's cost per page is cheaper than
28799
18:09:18,796 --> 18:09:19,796
other printing methods so buying toner
28800
18:09:20,956 --> 18:09:21,956
which is
28801
18:09:21,916 --> 18:09:22,916
the substance used to create uh
28802
18:09:24,636 --> 18:09:25,636
the letters on the piece of paper or the
28803
18:09:26,240 --> 18:09:27,240
images on the piece of paper almost like
28804
18:09:27,840 --> 18:09:28,840
ink is much cheaper than the consumables
28805
18:09:31,116 --> 18:09:32,116
in other
28806
18:09:32,320 --> 18:09:33,320
printers
28807
18:09:35,436 --> 18:09:36,436
so let's look at first the components
28808
18:09:37,200 --> 18:09:38,200
that are in the printer and then we will
28809
18:09:39,040 --> 18:09:40,040
talk about uh how they all work together
28810
18:09:42,636 --> 18:09:43,636
so the first component we have is the
28811
18:09:44,400 --> 18:09:45,400
toner and this is a type of powder
28812
18:09:46,880 --> 18:09:47,880
that's stored in a replaceable toner
28813
18:09:48,796 --> 18:09:49,796
cartridge
28814
18:09:50,560 --> 18:09:51,560
although it's difficult to see on this i
28815
18:09:53,116 --> 18:09:54,116
believe the toner is probably in this
28816
18:09:55,520 --> 18:09:56,520
location right here
28817
18:09:57,436 --> 18:09:58,436
so this is for all intents and purposes
28818
18:09:59,756 --> 18:10:00,756
the ink this is what is printed onto the
28819
18:10:02,636 --> 18:10:03,636
piece of paper the reason it's called
28820
18:10:04,160 --> 18:10:05,160
toner however is it's not ink like you
28821
18:10:06,480 --> 18:10:07,480
see in a pen it is a powder
28822
18:10:09,276 --> 18:10:10,276
that's stored into a replaceable toner
28823
18:10:10,720 --> 18:10:11,720
cartridge and the reason this powder is
28824
18:10:13,276 --> 18:10:14,276
used is because of how the printing
28825
18:10:14,796 --> 18:10:15,796
process works and we will see uh that a
28826
18:10:17,436 --> 18:10:18,436
little more in depth in a minute
28827
18:10:20,560 --> 18:10:21,560
it also creates the text and images on
28828
18:10:22,480 --> 18:10:23,480
the paper from being electrically
28829
18:10:24,480 --> 18:10:25,480
charged something we will talk about and
28830
18:10:26,160 --> 18:10:27,160
we just mentioned when we talk about
28831
18:10:27,436 --> 18:10:28,436
lasers next there's something called the
28832
18:10:29,680 --> 18:10:30,680
corona wire this provides a charge to
28833
18:10:32,796 --> 18:10:33,796
the drum so we're talking about all
28834
18:10:34,160 --> 18:10:35,160
these charges and using negative and
28835
18:10:35,916 --> 18:10:36,916
positive charges for the toner and also
28836
18:10:38,080 --> 18:10:39,080
for the drum well this corona wire
28837
18:10:40,956 --> 18:10:41,956
which isn't really
28838
18:10:42,796 --> 18:10:43,796
wonderfully referenced on this diagram
28839
18:10:45,200 --> 18:10:46,200
but which i think is probably best
28840
18:10:47,116 --> 18:10:48,116
referenced by this sort of electric
28841
18:10:48,636 --> 18:10:49,636
board
28842
18:10:50,956 --> 18:10:51,956
literally charges the drum so that uh
28843
18:10:54,160 --> 18:10:55,160
the power of electricity can either take
28844
18:10:56,000 --> 18:10:57,000
a negative or a positive uh and you know
28845
18:10:58,320 --> 18:10:59,320
negatives and positives attract
28846
18:11:00,956 --> 18:11:01,956
right and uh two negatives would reject
28847
18:11:03,360 --> 18:11:04,360
each other just like two positives would
28848
18:11:05,360 --> 18:11:06,360
reject each other
28849
18:11:07,200 --> 18:11:08,200
so that would go away from each other
28850
18:11:09,116 --> 18:11:10,116
these would go away from each other and
28851
18:11:11,200 --> 18:11:12,200
these
28852
18:11:12,240 --> 18:11:13,240
are gonna go
28853
18:11:13,840 --> 18:11:14,840
i don't know how to draw that
28854
18:11:14,796 --> 18:11:15,796
differently
28855
18:11:16,240 --> 18:11:17,240
are gonna go towards each other how we
28856
18:11:18,320 --> 18:11:19,320
do this great
28857
18:11:20,796 --> 18:11:21,796
the corona wire provides the charge to
28858
18:11:22,480 --> 18:11:23,480
the drum so that's what's actually doing
28859
18:11:24,160 --> 18:11:25,160
the charging
28860
18:11:26,636 --> 18:11:27,636
the fusing assembly
28861
18:11:28,796 --> 18:11:29,796
which is
28862
18:11:31,116 --> 18:11:32,116
down here
28863
18:11:34,240 --> 18:11:35,240
is what fuses the toner onto the paper
28864
18:11:37,276 --> 18:11:38,276
if you ever feel uh paper as it's coming
28865
18:11:39,680 --> 18:11:40,680
out of a laser printer it's very hot and
28866
18:11:41,520 --> 18:11:42,520
that's because once that toner drops on
28867
18:11:44,240 --> 18:11:45,240
to the piece of paper the fuser is what
28868
18:11:46,160 --> 18:11:47,160
literally burns it into the paper and
28869
18:11:48,000 --> 18:11:49,000
makes it stick this is also what keeps
28870
18:11:52,080 --> 18:11:53,080
the ink from smudging if you have a lot
28871
18:11:54,160 --> 18:11:55,160
of smudging there's probably something
28872
18:11:55,436 --> 18:11:56,436
wrong with the fuser
28873
18:11:58,320 --> 18:11:59,320
finally the laser of course
28874
18:12:01,436 --> 18:12:02,436
which is right here
28875
18:12:04,000 --> 18:12:05,000
yeah and
28876
18:12:07,200 --> 18:12:08,200
i'm going to put that there because you
28877
18:12:08,720 --> 18:12:09,720
can see the laser is shooting off of
28878
18:12:10,956 --> 18:12:11,956
this reflective surface
28879
18:12:13,276 --> 18:12:14,276
and the laser
28880
18:12:14,956 --> 18:12:15,956
writes the image or text to the drum
28881
18:12:17,680 --> 18:12:18,680
this being the drum
28882
18:12:19,280 --> 18:12:20,280
right here there are also rollers which
28883
18:12:22,080 --> 18:12:23,080
roll the paper
28884
18:12:23,920 --> 18:12:24,920
up to where it needs to go
28885
18:12:25,600 --> 18:12:26,600
so these are the main
28886
18:12:27,920 --> 18:12:28,920
components that we see in the laser
28887
18:12:29,920 --> 18:12:30,920
printer now let's talk about how they
28888
18:12:31,436 --> 18:12:32,436
all work together
28889
18:12:33,196 --> 18:12:34,196
so
28890
18:12:34,156 --> 18:12:35,156
generally there is this is a six step
28891
18:12:36,876 --> 18:12:37,876
process we're going to take a look at
28892
18:12:39,040 --> 18:12:40,040
there is an unofficial first step
28893
18:12:40,960 --> 18:12:41,960
however that's that the text or image to
28894
18:12:43,516 --> 18:12:44,516
be printed is calculated by the printer
28895
18:12:46,556 --> 18:12:47,556
then that image which the calculation is
28896
18:12:49,436 --> 18:12:50,436
sent to the printer now here's something
28897
18:12:51,280 --> 18:12:52,280
that's important
28898
18:12:52,796 --> 18:12:53,796
printers all have their own amount of
28899
18:12:54,476 --> 18:12:55,476
ram
28900
18:12:55,360 --> 18:12:56,360
so
28901
18:12:56,640 --> 18:12:57,640
the printer the computer decides what
28902
18:12:58,476 --> 18:12:59,476
the image is going to look like uses the
28903
18:13:00,476 --> 18:13:01,476
device driver or the printer driver to
28904
18:13:03,040 --> 18:13:04,040
communicate that to the printer and then
28905
18:13:04,796 --> 18:13:05,796
it's stored in ram on the printer
28906
18:13:07,280 --> 18:13:08,280
the more ram the printer has the more
28907
18:13:09,600 --> 18:13:10,600
print jobs it can deal with at one time
28908
18:13:12,400 --> 18:13:13,400
if i have a large company and 100 people
28909
18:13:14,876 --> 18:13:15,876
are using the same printer i'm going to
28910
18:13:16,796 --> 18:13:17,796
need to make sure that i have a high
28911
18:13:18,400 --> 18:13:19,400
amount of ram
28912
18:13:19,680 --> 18:13:20,680
also if i'm printing a lot of high-end
28913
18:13:22,080 --> 18:13:23,080
pictures or very large pdfs
28914
18:13:26,244 --> 18:13:27,244
large images etc then i'm going to need
28915
18:13:29,040 --> 18:13:30,040
more ram because just like you would
28916
18:13:30,876 --> 18:13:31,876
assume pictures
28917
18:13:32,876 --> 18:13:33,876
images take more ram space more memory
28918
18:13:35,836 --> 18:13:36,836
space than documents do
28919
18:13:38,796 --> 18:13:39,796
a processor also on the mother on the on
28920
18:13:41,360 --> 18:13:42,360
the um in the printer on a system board
28921
18:13:43,516 --> 18:13:44,516
again these are like mini computers as
28922
18:13:45,040 --> 18:13:46,040
we mentioned uh recalculates
28923
18:13:47,920 --> 18:13:48,920
the
28924
18:13:49,280 --> 18:13:50,280
image the data sent to it by the printer
28925
18:13:51,436 --> 18:13:52,436
uh by the computer and then it stores it
28926
18:13:53,836 --> 18:13:54,836
into ram while the printer reads itself
28927
18:13:55,600 --> 18:13:56,600
and then until it prints so i point out
28928
18:13:58,156 --> 18:13:59,156
that there is a cpu
28929
18:14:00,156 --> 18:14:01,156
and ram and a chipboard
28930
18:14:02,876 --> 18:14:03,876
in the printer in the laser printer and
28931
18:14:04,476 --> 18:14:05,476
this is just about in any printer laser
28932
18:14:06,156 --> 18:14:07,156
printers probably have them a little
28933
18:14:07,516 --> 18:14:08,516
more intense and a little more large
28934
18:14:09,600 --> 18:14:10,600
than the other printers for the most
28935
18:14:11,196 --> 18:14:12,196
part
28936
18:14:14,000 --> 18:14:15,000
so the inofficial's first step is the
28937
18:14:16,000 --> 18:14:17,000
sending of the data to the printer but
28938
18:14:17,360 --> 18:14:18,360
let's talk about what happens once it's
28939
18:14:19,116 --> 18:14:20,116
on the printer the first step
28940
18:14:21,600 --> 18:14:22,600
is called the cleaning step
28941
18:14:23,920 --> 18:14:24,920
so as we talked about
28942
18:14:25,920 --> 18:14:26,920
uh there is
28943
18:14:27,756 --> 18:14:28,756
toner that is used and this is powder
28944
18:14:29,516 --> 18:14:30,516
that's sort of poured onto a piece of
28945
18:14:30,876 --> 18:14:31,876
paper and then um what happens is any of
28946
18:14:33,920 --> 18:14:34,920
the toner
28947
18:14:35,280 --> 18:14:36,280
that's not
28948
18:14:37,040 --> 18:14:38,040
charged correctly that hasn't been
28949
18:14:38,400 --> 18:14:39,400
charged by say the
28950
18:14:40,320 --> 18:14:41,320
laser
28951
18:14:41,280 --> 18:14:42,280
is not going to fall onto the piece of
28952
18:14:42,876 --> 18:14:43,876
paper
28953
18:14:44,000 --> 18:14:45,000
and so we have excess toner again i use
28954
18:14:45,836 --> 18:14:46,836
the metaphor of
28955
18:14:47,116 --> 18:14:48,116
throwing confetti
28956
18:14:48,640 --> 18:14:49,640
or uh
28957
18:14:50,476 --> 18:14:51,476
those um or shiny sort of
28958
18:14:52,960 --> 18:14:53,960
glitter onto a piece of paper on which
28959
18:14:55,040 --> 18:14:56,040
you've painted an image in glue you're
28960
18:14:57,040 --> 18:14:58,040
gonna paint the imaging glue on the
28961
18:14:58,556 --> 18:14:59,556
paper that's what the laser does then
28962
18:15:00,400 --> 18:15:01,400
you pour the toner or the glitter onto
28963
18:15:02,244 --> 18:15:03,244
the piece of paper and then you turn
28964
18:15:03,600 --> 18:15:04,600
that piece of paper over and you shake
28965
18:15:04,876 --> 18:15:05,876
it anything that hasn't been glued is
28966
18:15:07,600 --> 18:15:08,600
going to fall off well a rubber blade
28967
18:15:10,556 --> 18:15:11,556
much like a squeegee is going to
28968
18:15:13,756 --> 18:15:14,756
wipe all of that excess toner off
28969
18:15:16,476 --> 18:15:17,476
so that way the drum can go around and
28970
18:15:18,476 --> 18:15:19,476
get lasered again for more toner
28971
18:15:22,796 --> 18:15:23,796
there's also an erasing lamp that
28972
18:15:24,640 --> 18:15:25,640
removes any leftover charge on the drum
28973
18:15:26,876 --> 18:15:27,876
so this is basically the first process
28974
18:15:29,600 --> 18:15:30,600
the first step but could also be
28975
18:15:31,116 --> 18:15:32,116
considered the last step in the process
28976
18:15:33,436 --> 18:15:34,436
since uh it is cleaning up from the
28977
18:15:36,320 --> 18:15:37,320
previous print job
28978
18:15:38,156 --> 18:15:39,156
but there's a squeegee that removes the
28979
18:15:40,640 --> 18:15:41,640
old toner and then there's an erasing
28980
18:15:42,640 --> 18:15:43,640
lamp that erases any charge on the drum
28981
18:15:44,876 --> 18:15:45,876
so we're starting with a neutral
28982
18:15:46,400 --> 18:15:47,400
electronic charge
28983
18:15:48,796 --> 18:15:49,796
step two is what's called conditioning
28984
18:15:51,196 --> 18:15:52,196
what happens here and this is also known
28985
18:15:53,280 --> 18:15:54,280
as charging they both begin with a c if
28986
18:15:55,756 --> 18:15:56,756
that helps you
28987
18:15:58,156 --> 18:15:59,156
a negative charge is applied by the
28988
18:16:00,876 --> 18:16:01,876
primary corona wire remember the corona
28989
18:16:02,960 --> 18:16:03,960
wire applies the charge
28990
18:16:05,436 --> 18:16:06,436
powered by a high power supply high
28991
18:16:07,920 --> 18:16:08,920
voltage power supply within the printer
28992
18:16:09,920 --> 18:16:10,920
so
28993
18:16:10,876 --> 18:16:11,876
there's a high voltage power source
28994
18:16:13,600 --> 18:16:14,600
that makes the drum
28995
18:16:16,156 --> 18:16:17,156
and this high
28996
18:16:17,196 --> 18:16:18,196
voltage power source
28997
18:16:20,080 --> 18:16:21,080
through the corona wire makes the drum
28998
18:16:22,876 --> 18:16:23,876
negatively charged okay so as this image
28999
18:16:25,516 --> 18:16:26,516
indicates we now have negative charges
29000
18:16:28,080 --> 18:16:29,080
on the drum
29001
18:16:29,360 --> 18:16:30,360
the drum is negatively charged and
29002
18:16:31,756 --> 18:16:32,756
that's how we start okay so now the drum
29003
18:16:34,796 --> 18:16:35,796
is negatively charged thanks to the
29004
18:16:36,476 --> 18:16:37,476
corona wire
29005
18:16:40,156 --> 18:16:41,156
in step three which is called writing
29006
18:16:42,960 --> 18:16:43,960
otherwise known as exposing
29007
18:16:46,400 --> 18:16:47,400
the laser
29008
18:16:47,920 --> 18:16:48,920
writes to the drum as it spins
29009
18:16:50,796 --> 18:16:51,796
so as you see here here's the laser
29010
18:16:52,640 --> 18:16:53,640
there's a mirror that sort of is helping
29011
18:16:54,476 --> 18:16:55,476
it
29012
18:16:56,320 --> 18:16:57,320
scan onto this drum and look the drum
29013
18:16:59,280 --> 18:17:00,280
now has all these negative charges okay
29014
18:17:01,680 --> 18:17:02,680
that's been done because of the corona
29015
18:17:03,516 --> 18:17:04,516
wire
29016
18:17:05,920 --> 18:17:06,920
as the laser writes
29017
18:17:09,040 --> 18:17:10,040
it creates a lesser negative charge
29018
18:17:12,244 --> 18:17:13,244
so what basically happens is
29019
18:17:14,476 --> 18:17:15,476
look at all these areas that don't have
29020
18:17:16,640 --> 18:17:17,640
charges now i'm going to just go over
29021
18:17:18,244 --> 18:17:19,244
them in red
29022
18:17:19,436 --> 18:17:20,436
this is the image that the laser is
29023
18:17:21,280 --> 18:17:22,280
creating it creates a lesser negative
29024
18:17:23,680 --> 18:17:24,680
charge
29025
18:17:27,196 --> 18:17:28,196
when the toner falls on the drum
29026
18:17:29,836 --> 18:17:30,836
it's going to fall off of this area onto
29027
18:17:32,796 --> 18:17:33,796
the piece of paper whereas the rest of
29028
18:17:34,400 --> 18:17:35,400
the toner is going to stay on the drum
29029
18:17:36,156 --> 18:17:37,156
and is going to be cleaned off later so
29030
18:17:38,244 --> 18:17:39,244
only the red parts
29031
18:17:40,156 --> 18:17:41,156
of the toner are going to be
29032
18:17:44,476 --> 18:17:45,476
transferred onto the paper
29033
18:17:46,156 --> 18:17:47,156
which brings us to step 4 developing
29034
18:17:49,920 --> 18:17:50,920
in this the laser drum surface is
29035
18:17:51,920 --> 18:17:52,920
applied with a negatively charged toner
29036
18:17:54,400 --> 18:17:55,400
so just like pouring the glitter onto
29037
18:17:56,320 --> 18:17:57,320
the drum i pour toner onto the drum
29038
18:18:00,476 --> 18:18:01,476
and now i'm ready to add paper into the
29039
18:18:03,600 --> 18:18:04,600
mix
29040
18:18:04,640 --> 18:18:05,640
the toner by the way has a higher charge
29041
18:18:07,280 --> 18:18:08,280
than the areas of drum it's been written
29042
18:18:08,960 --> 18:18:09,960
to
29043
18:18:09,756 --> 18:18:10,756
so don't forget with positives and
29044
18:18:11,756 --> 18:18:12,756
negatives what happens they attract
29045
18:18:14,720 --> 18:18:15,720
right so the drum uh what's gonna happen
29046
18:18:17,436 --> 18:18:18,436
now is the toner is gonna stick
29047
18:18:19,680 --> 18:18:20,680
to any of these parts
29048
18:18:22,320 --> 18:18:23,320
because don't forget now i have pluses
29049
18:18:24,156 --> 18:18:25,156
and minuses which attract and it's going
29050
18:18:26,556 --> 18:18:27,556
to fall off of the parts i've already
29051
18:18:28,796 --> 18:18:29,796
painted in red onto the paper
29052
18:18:33,196 --> 18:18:34,196
this brings us to step five
29053
18:18:35,920 --> 18:18:36,920
transferring
29054
18:18:38,156 --> 18:18:39,156
the toner now is transferred to paper as
29055
18:18:40,476 --> 18:18:41,476
the drum rolls over it so if you see
29056
18:18:42,640 --> 18:18:43,640
think of the drums going this way
29057
18:18:44,720 --> 18:18:45,720
okay and you can see the laser is
29058
18:18:46,320 --> 18:18:47,320
writing on it there's toner being
29059
18:18:48,080 --> 18:18:49,080
applied here when it falls over onto the
29060
18:18:50,796 --> 18:18:51,796
paper which you see right here
29061
18:18:54,244 --> 18:18:55,244
only the toner
29062
18:18:56,556 --> 18:18:57,556
by force of gravity that isn't attracted
29063
18:18:58,556 --> 18:18:59,556
to the drum already is going to fall
29064
18:19:00,000 --> 18:19:01,000
onto the paper everything else is going
29065
18:19:01,516 --> 18:19:02,516
to stay attached to the to the drum
29066
18:19:04,400 --> 18:19:05,400
the paper slides between the drum and is
29067
18:19:06,640 --> 18:19:07,640
positive and the positively charged
29068
18:19:08,000 --> 18:19:09,000
corona wire giving the paper a positive
29069
18:19:10,000 --> 18:19:11,000
charge
29070
18:19:10,876 --> 18:19:11,876
so now
29071
18:19:12,244 --> 18:19:13,244
because it's not attracted to anything
29072
18:19:13,920 --> 18:19:14,920
on the drum the toner is going to be
29073
18:19:15,360 --> 18:19:16,360
attracted to the paper
29074
18:19:18,400 --> 18:19:19,400
this makes the toner attracted to the
29075
18:19:20,080 --> 18:19:21,080
paper and the movement of the paper by
29076
18:19:22,400 --> 18:19:23,400
the way is assisted by these rollers
29077
18:19:25,040 --> 18:19:26,040
which help it move
29078
18:19:27,040 --> 18:19:28,040
over the drum or below the drum
29079
18:19:31,280 --> 18:19:32,280
finally
29080
18:19:32,720 --> 18:19:33,720
we have the fusing
29081
18:19:35,516 --> 18:19:36,516
step this is where the toner is fused to
29082
18:19:38,080 --> 18:19:39,080
the paper when it's passed through the
29083
18:19:39,436 --> 18:19:40,436
fusing assembly
29084
18:19:40,960 --> 18:19:41,960
so you can see there's a hot a lamp here
29085
18:19:43,196 --> 18:19:44,196
that heats up this roller
29086
18:19:45,600 --> 18:19:46,600
that then
29087
18:19:47,516 --> 18:19:48,516
is a pressurized roller
29088
18:19:49,280 --> 18:19:50,280
that heats the toner and basically melts
29089
18:19:52,244 --> 18:19:53,244
it onto the paper to reduce uh smudging
29090
18:19:56,244 --> 18:19:57,244
and it'll it'll basically it's what
29091
18:19:58,000 --> 18:19:59,000
makes the printer print okay
29092
18:20:01,516 --> 18:20:02,516
you can see here it gets very hot
29093
18:20:06,080 --> 18:20:07,080
so
29094
18:20:07,116 --> 18:20:08,116
that's an overview of the printer of
29095
18:20:09,196 --> 18:20:10,196
printers in general an overview of
29096
18:20:11,116 --> 18:20:12,116
multi-function printers and then we
29097
18:20:13,116 --> 18:20:14,116
introduced all the types of printers and
29098
18:20:14,796 --> 18:20:15,796
then i talked about the six step laser
29099
18:20:19,280 --> 18:20:20,280
process okay
29100
18:20:21,116 --> 18:20:22,116
of all the things we're about to talk
29101
18:20:22,640 --> 18:20:23,640
about this is why i'm pausing here for a
29102
18:20:24,000 --> 18:20:25,000
moment
29103
18:20:25,516 --> 18:20:26,516
the laser printer and its six step
29104
18:20:27,516 --> 18:20:28,516
process is by far the most important and
29105
18:20:30,556 --> 18:20:31,556
you need to know what we just talked
29106
18:20:32,796 --> 18:20:33,796
about for the exam they're going to ask
29107
18:20:34,080 --> 18:20:35,080
you questions
29108
18:20:36,000 --> 18:20:37,000
that will specifically um
29109
18:20:38,640 --> 18:20:39,640
relate to that
29110
18:20:43,600 --> 18:20:44,600
so now let's talk about inkjet printers
29111
18:20:46,156 --> 18:20:47,156
these are the most common in small
29112
18:20:47,680 --> 18:20:48,680
offices home offices and personal use
29113
18:20:50,640 --> 18:20:51,640
because they are much cheaper an
29114
18:20:52,720 --> 18:20:53,720
investment than laser printers they can
29115
18:20:55,040 --> 18:20:56,040
print text documents photographs
29116
18:20:57,756 --> 18:20:58,756
and graphical information in color
29117
18:21:00,876 --> 18:21:01,876
and in black and white and they're
29118
18:21:02,720 --> 18:21:03,720
usually connected to the computer via
29119
18:21:04,640 --> 18:21:05,640
usb although there are some nowadays
29120
18:21:06,556 --> 18:21:07,556
that do connect by directly uh
29121
18:21:09,116 --> 18:21:10,116
via
29122
18:21:10,000 --> 18:21:11,000
via wireless or wired network
29123
18:21:11,836 --> 18:21:12,836
connections
29124
18:21:13,360 --> 18:21:14,360
what this does is it works by propelling
29125
18:21:15,436 --> 18:21:16,436
ink a jet
29126
18:21:17,196 --> 18:21:18,196
jettisons the ink watch called inkjet
29127
18:21:19,436 --> 18:21:20,436
from a cartridge onto the paper
29128
18:21:24,476 --> 18:21:25,476
there are two types of inkjet printers
29129
18:21:26,960 --> 18:21:27,960
and i don't want you to get these
29130
18:21:28,400 --> 18:21:29,400
confused with the types of printer in
29131
18:21:30,000 --> 18:21:31,000
general okay these are the two types of
29132
18:21:31,360 --> 18:21:32,360
inkjet printers
29133
18:21:34,320 --> 18:21:35,320
first there's thermal printers or
29134
18:21:36,640 --> 18:21:37,640
thermal inkjet printers and again i want
29135
18:21:39,116 --> 18:21:40,116
to point out that thermal inkjet
29136
18:21:40,960 --> 18:21:41,960
printers are different from thermal
29137
18:21:42,960 --> 18:21:43,960
printers it has to do with how the ink
29138
18:21:44,720 --> 18:21:45,720
is jettisoned onto the paper
29139
18:21:46,796 --> 18:21:47,796
in this case heat is sent to the ink
29140
18:21:49,360 --> 18:21:50,360
cartridge which forms a bubble which
29141
18:21:51,836 --> 18:21:52,836
then
29142
18:21:52,556 --> 18:21:53,556
pushes the ink onto the paper this is
29143
18:21:54,244 --> 18:21:55,244
where the name bubble jet comes from
29144
18:21:57,116 --> 18:21:58,116
uh as i mentioned
29145
18:21:59,756 --> 18:22:00,756
there's also these piezoelectric
29146
18:22:01,756 --> 18:22:02,756
printers so unlike the thermal printer
29147
18:22:04,244 --> 18:22:05,244
which forces the ink on through heat the
29148
18:22:06,876 --> 18:22:07,876
piezoelectric uses an electric current
29149
18:22:09,436 --> 18:22:10,436
to the ink material changing the ink's
29150
18:22:11,756 --> 18:22:12,756
shape and size which then forces it onto
29151
18:22:14,320 --> 18:22:15,320
the paper sort of similar concept but
29152
18:22:17,116 --> 18:22:18,116
different in application
29153
18:22:20,720 --> 18:22:21,720
in this case there are
29154
18:22:22,876 --> 18:22:23,876
it's much simpler process than in laser
29155
18:22:24,876 --> 18:22:25,876
printers step one the paper or other
29156
18:22:27,196 --> 18:22:28,196
media is pulled or moved into position
29157
18:22:29,116 --> 18:22:30,116
by a roller mechanism or belt you've
29158
18:22:30,796 --> 18:22:31,796
probably seen this and this is the part
29159
18:22:32,244 --> 18:22:33,244
you hear so this is where the paper is
29160
18:22:33,920 --> 18:22:34,920
pulled in
29161
18:22:34,960 --> 18:22:35,960
and then step two the print head on a
29162
18:22:37,920 --> 18:22:38,920
mechanical arm as we can see right here
29163
18:22:40,000 --> 18:22:41,000
here's the print head okay and here it
29164
18:22:42,400 --> 18:22:43,400
is on a mechanical arm
29165
18:22:45,600 --> 18:22:46,600
moves across the paper and places the
29166
18:22:47,836 --> 18:22:48,836
ink as directed by the print driver so
29167
18:22:50,156 --> 18:22:51,156
it basically places it where the ink
29168
18:22:51,680 --> 18:22:52,680
driver tells it to
29169
18:22:56,476 --> 18:22:57,476
uh and then step three
29170
18:22:58,796 --> 18:22:59,796
at the end of the line the paper or
29171
18:23:00,640 --> 18:23:01,640
media is advanced and the print head
29172
18:23:02,720 --> 18:23:03,720
either so once the it's drawn one line
29173
18:23:05,196 --> 18:23:06,196
on
29174
18:23:06,244 --> 18:23:07,244
right it either reverses directions and
29175
18:23:08,000 --> 18:23:09,000
continues printing or it returns to the
29176
18:23:10,400 --> 18:23:11,400
left margin before printing continues so
29177
18:23:12,720 --> 18:23:13,720
this depends on how the printer works
29178
18:23:15,116 --> 18:23:16,116
exactly but this thing moves back and
29179
18:23:17,680 --> 18:23:18,680
forth
29180
18:23:19,196 --> 18:23:20,196
spraying ink onto the paper
29181
18:23:24,720 --> 18:23:25,720
and finally step four
29182
18:23:26,556 --> 18:23:27,556
the paper is ejected upon completion and
29183
18:23:29,196 --> 18:23:30,196
you can pick it up in your tray because
29184
18:23:31,280 --> 18:23:32,280
of this there's no fuser there's no heat
29185
18:23:34,400 --> 18:23:35,400
applied directly to the paper and that's
29186
18:23:36,320 --> 18:23:37,320
why smudging is much more common in
29187
18:23:38,156 --> 18:23:39,156
inkjets than it is on laser printers
29188
18:23:42,080 --> 18:23:43,080
great so that was an inkjet printer
29189
18:23:44,080 --> 18:23:45,080
let's continue on to thermal printers
29190
18:23:46,796 --> 18:23:47,796
thermal printers produce text and images
29191
18:23:48,876 --> 18:23:49,876
by heating specifically coated thermal
29192
18:23:51,436 --> 18:23:52,436
paper this is a key okay you need
29193
18:23:53,836 --> 18:23:54,836
special paper to use a thermal printer
29194
18:23:57,360 --> 18:23:58,360
these are mostly used in point-of-sale
29195
18:23:59,360 --> 18:24:00,360
systems gas stations pumps
29196
18:24:02,320 --> 18:24:03,320
cash registers etc
29197
18:24:04,244 --> 18:24:05,244
mostly for receipts
29198
18:24:06,476 --> 18:24:07,476
so what happens in thermal printers is
29199
18:24:09,280 --> 18:24:10,280
there is a thermal head that generates
29200
18:24:11,436 --> 18:24:12,436
the heat and takes care of printing to
29201
18:24:13,196 --> 18:24:14,196
the paper
29202
18:24:14,156 --> 18:24:15,156
there is also what's called the platen
29203
18:24:16,080 --> 18:24:17,080
which is a rubber roller that feeds the
29204
18:24:18,080 --> 18:24:19,080
paper through the printhead okay
29205
18:24:21,040 --> 18:24:22,040
finally there's a spring which attaches
29206
18:24:23,360 --> 18:24:24,360
or applies pressure to the print head
29207
18:24:25,516 --> 18:24:26,516
bringing the paper the print head in
29208
18:24:27,196 --> 18:24:28,196
contact with the paper so the spring
29209
18:24:29,600 --> 18:24:30,600
allows the thermal head to
29210
18:24:32,156 --> 18:24:33,156
uh
29211
18:24:34,320 --> 18:24:35,320
heat up the paper which is brought upon
29212
18:24:36,476 --> 18:24:37,476
by the platen i wouldn't worry too much
29213
18:24:39,116 --> 18:24:40,116
about these parts i'm going over them
29214
18:24:40,796 --> 18:24:41,796
but i very rarely see
29215
18:24:42,556 --> 18:24:43,556
this sort of stuff on the exam the thing
29216
18:24:44,400 --> 18:24:45,400
i see most on the exam with reference to
29217
18:24:46,080 --> 18:24:47,080
thermal printers again is the thermal
29218
18:24:48,320 --> 18:24:49,320
paper which is probably the most
29219
18:24:49,920 --> 18:24:50,920
important thermal printer part even
29220
18:24:51,360 --> 18:24:52,360
though it's not even part of the printer
29221
18:24:53,836 --> 18:24:54,836
finally there's also a circuit board
29222
18:24:55,680 --> 18:24:56,680
which controls the mechanism that moves
29223
18:24:57,680 --> 18:24:58,680
the print head just like we've seen on
29224
18:24:59,196 --> 18:25:00,196
every printer there's always a circuit
29225
18:25:00,556 --> 18:25:01,556
board that tells the printer what to do
29226
18:25:04,796 --> 18:25:05,796
so
29227
18:25:05,516 --> 18:25:06,516
in the thermal printing process the
29228
18:25:07,360 --> 18:25:08,360
thermal paper is inserted between the
29229
18:25:09,116 --> 18:25:10,116
thermal head and the platen
29230
18:25:11,040 --> 18:25:12,040
the printer sends current to the head
29231
18:25:13,436 --> 18:25:14,436
which heats up the head
29232
18:25:16,156 --> 18:25:17,156
and then activates thermosensitive
29233
18:25:18,156 --> 18:25:19,156
coloring layer of the paper so the ink
29234
18:25:20,960 --> 18:25:21,960
is actually sort of built into the paper
29235
18:25:23,516 --> 18:25:24,516
there is no separate ink and that's why
29236
18:25:26,244 --> 18:25:27,244
it's sometimes simpler for receipt
29237
18:25:28,320 --> 18:25:29,320
machines for instance is because instead
29238
18:25:30,244 --> 18:25:31,244
of having to buy
29239
18:25:31,600 --> 18:25:32,600
ink and paper i can just buy the special
29240
18:25:33,920 --> 18:25:34,920
paper and then the printer does
29241
18:25:36,476 --> 18:25:37,476
everything else i don't have to replace
29242
18:25:38,000 --> 18:25:39,000
ink cartridges this is one of the
29243
18:25:39,360 --> 18:25:40,360
benefits of thermal printing again the
29244
18:25:41,836 --> 18:25:42,836
key to thermal printing
29245
18:25:43,920 --> 18:25:44,920
is
29246
18:25:46,836 --> 18:25:47,836
that this paper
29247
18:25:50,156 --> 18:25:51,156
is special purchased okay you need
29248
18:25:52,156 --> 18:25:53,156
special paper that's been treated to use
29249
18:25:54,476 --> 18:25:55,476
a thermal printer
29250
18:25:58,320 --> 18:25:59,320
all right let's now talk about the last
29251
18:26:00,244 --> 18:26:01,244
type impact printers
29252
18:26:03,116 --> 18:26:04,116
impact printers as the name implies use
29253
18:26:05,436 --> 18:26:06,436
force
29254
18:26:06,320 --> 18:26:07,320
impact to transfer ink to paper
29255
18:26:09,040 --> 18:26:10,040
they're not seen as frequently as they
29256
18:26:10,556 --> 18:26:11,556
were 20 years ago but they're still used
29257
18:26:12,720 --> 18:26:13,720
in some places such as auto repair shops
29258
18:26:14,796 --> 18:26:15,796
accounting departments i've seen them in
29259
18:26:16,476 --> 18:26:17,476
a lot of government agencies basically
29260
18:26:18,720 --> 18:26:19,720
places that uh have not invested in new
29261
18:26:21,436 --> 18:26:22,436
printers or where the sort of forms that
29262
18:26:24,080 --> 18:26:25,080
they have work better with these
29263
18:26:26,640 --> 18:26:27,640
printers because it sort of looks more
29264
18:26:28,156 --> 18:26:29,156
like a typewriter so they can print onto
29265
18:26:29,920 --> 18:26:30,920
forms a little easier
29266
18:26:32,000 --> 18:26:33,000
how these impact printers work is
29267
18:26:34,400 --> 18:26:35,400
dependent on the type of impact printer
29268
18:26:37,516 --> 18:26:38,516
just like a typewriter is an impact
29269
18:26:39,836 --> 18:26:40,836
printer
29270
18:26:40,796 --> 18:26:41,796
it has several different keys several
29271
18:26:43,436 --> 18:26:44,436
different impact points each of which
29272
18:26:46,000 --> 18:26:47,000
has a letter inscribed on it very
29273
18:26:48,000 --> 18:26:49,000
smallly and when you hit that key it
29274
18:26:50,876 --> 18:26:51,876
punctures through a piece an ink ribbon
29275
18:26:53,040 --> 18:26:54,040
onto a piece of paper that letter but
29276
18:26:55,116 --> 18:26:56,116
the most common type of printer we have
29277
18:26:57,436 --> 18:26:58,436
is the dot matrix printer
29278
18:26:59,600 --> 18:27:00,600
these print text one line at a time
29279
18:27:02,320 --> 18:27:03,320
instead of one um
29280
18:27:05,360 --> 18:27:06,360
letter at a time so they use a matrix of
29281
18:27:08,080 --> 18:27:09,080
pins to create characters instead of a
29282
18:27:09,836 --> 18:27:10,836
form letter so as a typewriter would hit
29283
18:27:12,244 --> 18:27:13,244
put on an r a dot matrix is gonna
29284
18:27:16,476 --> 18:27:17,476
put on
29285
18:27:17,756 --> 18:27:18,756
the dots
29286
18:27:19,116 --> 18:27:20,116
required
29287
18:27:21,436 --> 18:27:22,436
to make an r
29288
18:27:23,196 --> 18:27:24,196
i'm doing the dots but you wouldn't see
29289
18:27:24,960 --> 18:27:25,960
the dots until the r is created that's a
29290
18:27:27,280 --> 18:27:28,280
terrible rendition but i hope it gives
29291
18:27:29,040 --> 18:27:30,040
you the point so there are pins that
29292
18:27:31,280 --> 18:27:32,280
create the letters and these are done
29293
18:27:33,280 --> 18:27:34,280
one line at a time
29294
18:27:35,920 --> 18:27:36,920
very finely though so it looks like the
29295
18:27:38,320 --> 18:27:39,320
letter has been created all as one
29296
18:27:41,280 --> 18:27:42,280
the print head with these pins strikes
29297
18:27:43,280 --> 18:27:44,280
the ribbon of ink which you can sort of
29298
18:27:44,876 --> 18:27:45,876
see here
29299
18:27:46,640 --> 18:27:47,640
going through
29300
18:27:48,080 --> 18:27:49,080
and through that ink it places the ink
29301
18:27:49,920 --> 18:27:50,920
on the paper through impact just like
29302
18:27:52,244 --> 18:27:53,244
you would with a typewriter except these
29303
18:27:55,436 --> 18:27:56,436
are using dots a dot matrix as opposed
29304
18:27:58,320 --> 18:27:59,320
to
29305
18:27:59,116 --> 18:28:00,116
an entire letter
29306
18:28:00,556 --> 18:28:01,556
great so now we've talked about impact
29307
18:28:02,640 --> 18:28:03,640
printers let's finish up this discussion
29308
18:28:04,400 --> 18:28:05,400
by talking about how printers either
29309
18:28:06,244 --> 18:28:07,244
connect locally or through a network
29310
18:28:09,040 --> 18:28:10,040
to other devices
29311
18:28:11,196 --> 18:28:12,196
so
29312
18:28:12,156 --> 18:28:13,156
a local printer means that the printer
29313
18:28:14,876 --> 18:28:15,876
connects directly to a computer i.e
29314
18:28:17,280 --> 18:28:18,280
through usb port
29315
18:28:19,196 --> 18:28:20,196
if that computer goes down however so
29316
18:28:21,360 --> 18:28:22,360
does the network printer right because
29317
18:28:23,280 --> 18:28:24,280
no one can connect to the printer
29318
18:28:24,556 --> 18:28:25,556
because it's connected directly to that
29319
18:28:26,556 --> 18:28:27,556
computer
29320
18:28:28,000 --> 18:28:29,000
on the other hand a network printer
29321
18:28:30,244 --> 18:28:31,244
connects directly to the network or to a
29322
18:28:32,244 --> 18:28:33,244
print server device
29323
18:28:33,756 --> 18:28:34,756
so
29324
18:28:35,436 --> 18:28:36,436
it is shared by more than one user on
29325
18:28:37,836 --> 18:28:38,836
the computer network
29326
18:28:39,600 --> 18:28:40,600
for instance
29327
18:28:41,280 --> 18:28:42,280
these printers
29328
18:28:44,156 --> 18:28:45,156
this one right here connects directly
29329
18:28:47,756 --> 18:28:48,756
to the network which then connects to a
29330
18:28:49,680 --> 18:28:50,680
print server as opposed to this one
29331
18:28:52,476 --> 18:28:53,476
which might connect directly to a
29332
18:28:55,600 --> 18:28:56,600
computer okay
29333
18:28:57,600 --> 18:28:58,600
now this could connect directly to the
29334
18:28:59,756 --> 18:29:00,756
print server and then the print server
29335
18:29:01,436 --> 18:29:02,436
could then serve it out to all the other
29336
18:29:04,000 --> 18:29:05,000
computers and in that case we would
29337
18:29:05,756 --> 18:29:06,756
probably call it a network printer even
29338
18:29:07,600 --> 18:29:08,600
though it's connecting locally to the
29339
18:29:09,436 --> 18:29:10,436
print server if that seems to make any
29340
18:29:11,836 --> 18:29:12,836
sense
29341
18:29:13,280 --> 18:29:14,280
the whole idea behind a network printer
29342
18:29:14,796 --> 18:29:15,796
however is that usually it connects up
29343
18:29:17,196 --> 18:29:18,196
to a router or some sort of uh
29344
18:29:20,400 --> 18:29:21,400
network device and that way in case a
29345
18:29:23,360 --> 18:29:24,360
computer goes down every other device
29346
18:29:25,756 --> 18:29:26,756
still has access to the printer because
29347
18:29:28,000 --> 18:29:29,000
it's connected directly to the network
29348
18:29:29,436 --> 18:29:30,436
as opposed to locally to a computer
29349
18:29:33,756 --> 18:29:34,756
usually it's given an ip address and
29350
18:29:35,920 --> 18:29:36,920
becomes another host on the network so
29351
18:29:38,244 --> 18:29:39,244
just like a computer has an ip address
29352
18:29:40,320 --> 18:29:41,320
which is its specific unique address on
29353
18:29:42,476 --> 18:29:43,476
the network which we'll talk about in
29354
18:29:44,000 --> 18:29:45,000
networking the printer has its own ip
29355
18:29:46,244 --> 18:29:47,244
address
29356
18:29:48,960 --> 18:29:49,960
now if the printer connects directly to
29357
18:29:50,876 --> 18:29:51,876
the network it usually does so by way of
29358
18:29:52,720 --> 18:29:53,720
a rj45 port or a wi-fi uh
29359
18:29:56,796 --> 18:29:57,796
you know
29360
18:29:59,116 --> 18:30:00,116
nick network card
29361
18:30:00,876 --> 18:30:01,876
and then what happens is a print server
29362
18:30:03,040 --> 18:30:04,040
would be uh assigned or the printer
29363
18:30:05,756 --> 18:30:06,756
would be assigned to a print server to
29364
18:30:08,000 --> 18:30:09,000
manage the to manage the computers that
29365
18:30:10,720 --> 18:30:11,720
want to
29366
18:30:11,836 --> 18:30:12,836
print to the
29367
18:30:13,600 --> 18:30:14,600
to the printer that way not everyone has
29368
18:30:16,320 --> 18:30:17,320
un just liberal access to the printer
29369
18:30:18,876 --> 18:30:19,876
there's someone sort of managing what
29370
18:30:20,640 --> 18:30:21,640
documents go to
29371
18:30:22,244 --> 18:30:23,244
the uh individual printer
29372
18:30:26,556 --> 18:30:27,556
there also could be a computer or a
29373
18:30:28,244 --> 18:30:29,244
smaller black device device serving as
29374
18:30:30,640 --> 18:30:31,640
the network printer sometimes there are
29375
18:30:32,720 --> 18:30:33,720
i'm sorry not network printer but the
29376
18:30:33,836 --> 18:30:34,836
network server sometimes there are
29377
18:30:35,360 --> 18:30:36,360
wireless routers for instance that you
29378
18:30:37,196 --> 18:30:38,196
can connect a printer directly into in
29379
18:30:39,680 --> 18:30:40,680
this case the router is also serving as
29380
18:30:41,600 --> 18:30:42,600
the print quote-unquote server even
29381
18:30:43,516 --> 18:30:44,516
though it's not specifically another
29382
18:30:44,876 --> 18:30:45,876
computer
29383
18:30:46,400 --> 18:30:47,400
the printer could also be connected via
29384
18:30:48,244 --> 18:30:49,244
usb to a print server and it's still
29385
18:30:50,960 --> 18:30:51,960
considered network printer because again
29386
18:30:52,876 --> 18:30:53,876
it's being networked out to everyone
29387
18:30:54,720 --> 18:30:55,720
else and servers
29388
18:30:56,400 --> 18:30:57,400
by their nature should not be going down
29389
18:30:59,116 --> 18:31:00,116
we'll talk more about network printers
29390
18:31:00,640 --> 18:31:01,640
when we get into networking and i think
29391
18:31:02,156 --> 18:31:03,156
it'll all make a little more sense there
29392
18:31:03,756 --> 18:31:04,756
but i want to bring up the
29393
18:31:06,000 --> 18:31:07,000
context now
29394
18:31:08,320 --> 18:31:09,320
all right so now we've talked about
29395
18:31:10,080 --> 18:31:11,080
local versus network printers let's
29396
18:31:12,476 --> 18:31:13,476
quickly just do an overview
29397
18:31:14,476 --> 18:31:15,476
and um
29398
18:31:16,000 --> 18:31:17,000
review what we've just talked about we
29399
18:31:17,600 --> 18:31:18,600
talked about the printers in general
29400
18:31:19,436 --> 18:31:20,436
again a printer is one of the most
29401
18:31:21,040 --> 18:31:22,040
common output devices the multi-function
29402
18:31:23,756 --> 18:31:24,756
printers also serve as a scanner
29403
18:31:27,040 --> 18:31:28,040
a copier
29404
18:31:28,876 --> 18:31:29,876
and a printer
29405
18:31:32,244 --> 18:31:33,244
there are four different types of
29406
18:31:33,836 --> 18:31:34,836
printers we talked about the first was
29407
18:31:35,196 --> 18:31:36,196
the laser which uses a six step process
29408
18:31:38,080 --> 18:31:39,080
you should review the laser printer a
29409
18:31:40,556 --> 18:31:41,556
bunch of times this is the most
29410
18:31:41,920 --> 18:31:42,920
important one
29411
18:31:43,196 --> 18:31:44,196
the inkjet has ink
29412
18:31:45,920 --> 18:31:46,920
sprayed through the heads
29413
18:31:48,000 --> 18:31:49,000
so those ink cartridges you buy the ink
29414
18:31:50,640 --> 18:31:51,640
is actually sprayed through that onto a
29415
18:31:54,720 --> 18:31:55,720
piece of paper this by the way is the
29416
18:31:56,320 --> 18:31:57,320
reason they say not to recycle
29417
18:31:58,640 --> 18:31:59,640
print heads or print cartridges because
29418
18:32:00,960 --> 18:32:01,960
the head will get clogged
29419
18:32:03,040 --> 18:32:04,040
we also have thermal printers
29420
18:32:04,960 --> 18:32:05,960
which use specially treated paper is the
29421
18:32:07,516 --> 18:32:08,516
thing you should remember about those
29422
18:32:12,720 --> 18:32:13,720
and an impact printer the most common
29423
18:32:14,876 --> 18:32:15,876
being a dot matrix
29424
18:32:17,040 --> 18:32:18,040
uses impact
29425
18:32:18,556 --> 18:32:19,556
like like a typewriter
29426
18:32:26,244 --> 18:32:27,244
to transfer a certain degree of ink
29427
18:32:31,516 --> 18:32:32,516
to a piece of paper and that ink by the
29428
18:32:33,516 --> 18:32:34,516
way is on a ribbon
29429
18:32:36,476 --> 18:32:37,476
final we talked about local versus
29430
18:32:38,000 --> 18:32:39,000
network printers local printer means
29431
18:32:40,320 --> 18:32:41,320
that the printer is directly connected
29432
18:32:42,000 --> 18:32:43,000
to the computer network printer means uh
29433
18:32:44,640 --> 18:32:45,640
that it's connected generally through an
29434
18:32:46,720 --> 18:32:47,720
rj45 port
29435
18:32:48,400 --> 18:32:49,400
and is managed
29436
18:32:53,280 --> 18:32:54,280
by a print
29437
18:32:55,196 --> 18:32:56,196
server
29438
18:32:57,436 --> 18:32:58,436
great now that we've talked about uh
29439
18:33:00,000 --> 18:33:01,000
this overview of printers and the types
29440
18:33:01,436 --> 18:33:02,436
of printers let's discuss
29441
18:33:04,000 --> 18:33:05,000
some of the uh
29442
18:33:06,476 --> 18:33:07,476
ways that we install printers and then
29443
18:33:08,640 --> 18:33:09,640
make sure that they're working correctly
29444
18:33:10,080 --> 18:33:11,080
before discussing troubleshooting them
29445
18:33:14,960 --> 18:33:15,960
[Music]
29446
18:33:31,116 --> 18:33:32,116
welcome to module 18 lesson 1a virtual
29447
18:33:34,000 --> 18:33:35,000
print technology which is a new syllabus
29448
18:33:36,640 --> 18:33:37,640
item
29449
18:33:38,640 --> 18:33:39,640
we'll have a look at what virtual print
29450
18:33:40,320 --> 18:33:41,320
technology is the printer file the
29451
18:33:42,796 --> 18:33:43,796
printer pdf
29452
18:33:44,476 --> 18:33:45,476
print to xps
29453
18:33:46,476 --> 18:33:47,476
print to image
29454
18:33:49,280 --> 18:33:50,280
so virtual
29455
18:33:50,476 --> 18:33:51,476
print technology allows you to store the
29456
18:33:52,156 --> 18:33:53,156
information to a file instead of
29457
18:33:53,920 --> 18:33:54,920
actually
29458
18:33:55,600 --> 18:33:56,600
printing it so the pages aren't coming
29459
18:33:57,436 --> 18:33:58,436
out of a printer in this particular
29460
18:33:58,960 --> 18:33:59,960
instance
29461
18:34:00,000 --> 18:34:01,000
it's widely used to convert documents of
29462
18:34:01,920 --> 18:34:02,920
any type
29463
18:34:03,280 --> 18:34:04,280
into other formats the examples are pdf
29464
18:34:06,720 --> 18:34:07,720
xps or even an image format such as jpeg
29465
18:34:12,796 --> 18:34:13,796
so
29466
18:34:14,000 --> 18:34:15,000
the context for the exam is printer file
29467
18:34:16,320 --> 18:34:17,320
printer pdf print to xps and print to
29468
18:34:19,436 --> 18:34:20,436
image
29469
18:34:21,280 --> 18:34:22,280
when you
29470
18:34:22,244 --> 18:34:23,244
if it's enabled by the way it has to be
29471
18:34:23,920 --> 18:34:24,920
enabled when the printer file option is
29472
18:34:26,400 --> 18:34:27,400
selected in the print dialog the data is
29473
18:34:28,960 --> 18:34:29,960
not isn't sent to the printer for
29474
18:34:30,720 --> 18:34:31,720
physical printing
29475
18:34:32,720 --> 18:34:33,720
instead
29476
18:34:33,920 --> 18:34:34,920
it's written to a file typically with
29477
18:34:35,600 --> 18:34:36,600
the extension.prn
29478
18:34:39,600 --> 18:34:40,600
so this
29479
18:34:40,640 --> 18:34:41,640
option is useful when you're printing
29480
18:34:42,156 --> 18:34:43,156
directly from a document which will be
29481
18:34:44,000 --> 18:34:45,000
time consuming or if you want to print
29482
18:34:46,000 --> 18:34:47,000
the document from somewhere else an
29483
18:34:48,244 --> 18:34:49,244
example is if you wanted to take your um
29484
18:34:52,080 --> 18:34:53,080
document to a commercial printer
29485
18:34:55,756 --> 18:34:56,756
at your local stationery office and they
29486
18:34:58,156 --> 18:34:59,156
have a
29487
18:34:59,196 --> 18:35:00,196
professional printing set up that can
29488
18:35:01,920 --> 18:35:02,920
print it collate it
29489
18:35:03,756 --> 18:35:04,756
and and put some sort of
29490
18:35:06,320 --> 18:35:07,320
spine on it so it could be a a book
29491
18:35:08,960 --> 18:35:09,960
you've written or something like that
29492
18:35:10,244 --> 18:35:11,244
with lots of images and it's something
29493
18:35:12,080 --> 18:35:13,080
you don't want to write or print at home
29494
18:35:14,156 --> 18:35:15,156
because you're going to use too much ink
29495
18:35:16,080 --> 18:35:17,080
or your printer isn't up to it oh it's
29496
18:35:17,836 --> 18:35:18,836
broken
29497
18:35:19,516 --> 18:35:20,516
once we've had the output saved to the
29498
18:35:21,836 --> 18:35:22,836
file it can be used later to physically
29499
18:35:23,600 --> 18:35:24,600
print the document
29500
18:35:25,920 --> 18:35:26,920
the printer file is specific to the
29501
18:35:28,000 --> 18:35:29,000
printer chosen at the time of using this
29502
18:35:30,000 --> 18:35:31,000
option so when you print to the file you
29503
18:35:33,040 --> 18:35:34,040
need to choose the type of printer
29504
18:35:35,516 --> 18:35:36,516
that's going to be printing the document
29505
18:35:38,640 --> 18:35:39,640
and
29506
18:35:39,680 --> 18:35:40,680
check the dialogue when you're actually
29507
18:35:41,116 --> 18:35:42,116
going through this and you
29508
18:35:43,280 --> 18:35:44,280
and maybe while serves uh speaking to
29509
18:35:45,836 --> 18:35:46,836
the
29510
18:35:46,796 --> 18:35:47,796
um
29511
18:35:47,680 --> 18:35:48,680
whoever owns the printer if it's if
29512
18:35:49,436 --> 18:35:50,436
you're going to a print shop to see if
29513
18:35:51,280 --> 18:35:52,280
this is a format that will work for them
29514
18:35:55,196 --> 18:35:56,196
prints a pdf's really common now and you
29515
18:35:57,196 --> 18:35:58,196
can do this if you're creating ebooks
29516
18:35:59,836 --> 18:36:00,836
for example you want people to download
29517
18:36:02,244 --> 18:36:03,244
or documents for your company
29518
18:36:04,796 --> 18:36:05,796
that you don't want people to edit or
29519
18:36:06,556 --> 18:36:07,556
they don't have copies of microsoft word
29520
18:36:09,360 --> 18:36:10,360
or it's just going to look a bit too
29521
18:36:10,796 --> 18:36:11,796
cumbersome so print to pdf is um
29522
18:36:15,040 --> 18:36:16,040
adobe's proprietary format or pdf is
29523
18:36:19,196 --> 18:36:20,196
so what you're doing is creating a pdf
29524
18:36:21,600 --> 18:36:22,600
instead of
29525
18:36:22,796 --> 18:36:23,796
printing the actual document
29526
18:36:24,796 --> 18:36:25,796
the extension is pdf
29527
18:36:27,756 --> 18:36:28,756
you would normally download the drivers
29528
18:36:32,080 --> 18:36:33,080
if you don't have a built-in pdf printer
29529
18:36:34,080 --> 18:36:35,080
for whatever reason
29530
18:36:35,920 --> 18:36:36,920
with your printer software you can
29531
18:36:38,320 --> 18:36:39,320
download pdf printers
29532
18:36:43,116 --> 18:36:44,116
in order to view the pdf you'll
29533
18:36:44,720 --> 18:36:45,720
obviously need a pdf reader such as
29534
18:36:47,196 --> 18:36:48,196
adobe reader
29535
18:36:48,876 --> 18:36:49,876
most browsers can also read pdf files
29536
18:36:52,720 --> 18:36:53,720
print to xps
29537
18:36:54,876 --> 18:36:55,876
xps stands for xml paper specification
29538
18:36:58,796 --> 18:36:59,796
it's a virtual print technology that
29539
18:37:00,476 --> 18:37:01,476
allows us to print a document to xps
29540
18:37:03,040 --> 18:37:04,040
which is microsoft's proprietary format
29541
18:37:09,920 --> 18:37:10,920
xps is supported by several versions of
29542
18:37:11,756 --> 18:37:12,756
windows so it allows you to create an
29543
18:37:13,280 --> 18:37:14,280
xps file from any application that can
29544
18:37:16,320 --> 18:37:17,320
print
29545
18:37:17,196 --> 18:37:18,196
the
29546
18:37:18,080 --> 18:37:19,080
extension is xps
29547
18:37:21,436 --> 18:37:22,436
in order to view you need to have an xps
29548
18:37:24,000 --> 18:37:25,000
viewer it's installed by default on
29549
18:37:26,320 --> 18:37:27,320
windows vista 7 and 8. i would imagine
29550
18:37:28,876 --> 18:37:29,876
you can download a viewer for other
29551
18:37:30,796 --> 18:37:31,796
operating systems on the microsoft
29552
18:37:32,556 --> 18:37:33,556
website there
29553
18:37:34,320 --> 18:37:35,320
printer image means you print the
29554
18:37:35,756 --> 18:37:36,756
document as a popular image format
29555
18:37:39,116 --> 18:37:40,116
examples are jpeg tf bmi dot bmp bitmaps
29556
18:37:44,320 --> 18:37:45,320
the printer image is not built into the
29557
18:37:46,244 --> 18:37:47,244
operating system so a third-party
29558
18:37:48,476 --> 18:37:49,476
virtual image printer must be installed
29559
18:37:50,244 --> 18:37:51,244
on your computer
29560
18:37:53,436 --> 18:37:54,436
it's the easiest way to convert a
29561
18:37:54,720 --> 18:37:55,720
document into an image file
29562
18:37:57,836 --> 18:37:58,836
obviously you need some sort of picture
29563
18:37:59,360 --> 18:38:00,360
viewer which pretty much everyone has
29564
18:38:02,244 --> 18:38:03,244
on their operating system and you
29565
18:38:04,156 --> 18:38:05,156
download them as well
29566
18:38:06,320 --> 18:38:07,320
so we've looked at
29567
18:38:07,680 --> 18:38:08,680
introduction to virtual print technology
29568
18:38:09,756 --> 18:38:10,756
printer file pdf xps and image that's
29569
18:38:13,280 --> 18:38:14,280
all for now thanks for watching
29570
18:38:20,190 --> 18:38:21,190
[Music]
29571
18:38:40,720 --> 18:38:41,720
printers printer installation and
29572
18:38:43,192 --> 18:38:44,192
configuration
29573
18:38:45,440 --> 18:38:46,440
we've discussed the different types of
29574
18:38:47,440 --> 18:38:48,440
technologies and the different types of
29575
18:38:49,512 --> 18:38:50,512
printers so now let's look at how we
29576
18:38:52,640 --> 18:38:53,640
install and configure printers
29577
18:38:54,640 --> 18:38:55,640
specifically in the windows operating
29578
18:38:56,320 --> 18:38:57,320
system
29579
18:38:57,760 --> 18:38:58,760
so we're going to talk about installing
29580
18:38:59,360 --> 18:39:00,360
printers including checking for
29581
18:39:01,440 --> 18:39:02,440
compatibility
29582
18:39:03,040 --> 18:39:04,040
installing the printer drivers
29583
18:39:05,832 --> 18:39:06,832
connecting the printer physically to the
29584
18:39:07,600 --> 18:39:08,600
computer
29585
18:39:09,120 --> 18:39:10,120
calibrating the printer
29586
18:39:11,760 --> 18:39:12,760
and then finally testing the printer
29587
18:39:14,160 --> 18:39:15,160
we'll also take a brief array into
29588
18:39:16,080 --> 18:39:17,080
configuring printers overall this will
29589
18:39:18,240 --> 18:39:19,240
be a fairly short video in comparison
29590
18:39:20,320 --> 18:39:21,320
with the video before and after it
29591
18:39:23,440 --> 18:39:24,440
so when before we're going to buy a
29592
18:39:25,920 --> 18:39:26,920
computer before we install it we need to
29593
18:39:27,680 --> 18:39:28,680
make sure that the printer is compatible
29594
18:39:30,552 --> 18:39:31,552
not only with your operating system but
29595
18:39:32,160 --> 18:39:33,160
also the version of your operating
29596
18:39:33,280 --> 18:39:34,280
system so you need to make sure if you
29597
18:39:35,512 --> 18:39:36,512
have say
29598
18:39:37,600 --> 18:39:38,600
windows
29599
18:39:38,800 --> 18:39:39,800
7 that it's compatible with windows 7
29600
18:39:41,680 --> 18:39:42,680
professional for instance
29601
18:39:43,600 --> 18:39:44,600
and you also need to make sure that the
29602
18:39:45,360 --> 18:39:46,360
drivers exist
29603
18:39:46,872 --> 18:39:47,872
for the 32-bit or 64-bit version
29604
18:39:50,720 --> 18:39:51,720
so if you have a 64-bit operating system
29605
18:39:53,440 --> 18:39:54,440
make sure that the printer is compatible
29606
18:39:55,760 --> 18:39:56,760
with that operating system and
29607
18:39:58,240 --> 18:39:59,240
the 32 versus the 64-bit version of it
29608
18:40:01,440 --> 18:40:02,440
if you have a macintosh
29609
18:40:03,360 --> 18:40:04,360
you need to double check that it's
29610
18:40:04,720 --> 18:40:05,720
compatible with that since some are not
29611
18:40:07,920 --> 18:40:08,920
you're also going to want to check the
29612
18:40:09,120 --> 18:40:10,120
server and the clients for compatibility
29613
18:40:11,832 --> 18:40:12,832
meaning
29614
18:40:13,120 --> 18:40:14,120
we talked about a network printer i need
29615
18:40:15,040 --> 18:40:16,040
to make sure that the network
29616
18:40:17,280 --> 18:40:18,280
server that's going to host the printer
29617
18:40:19,760 --> 18:40:20,760
is
29618
18:40:21,120 --> 18:40:22,120
compatible and i also need to make sure
29619
18:40:22,872 --> 18:40:23,872
that the clients the computers that are
29620
18:40:24,800 --> 18:40:25,800
going to be using the printer for the
29621
18:40:26,240 --> 18:40:27,240
most part are also compatible
29622
18:40:28,400 --> 18:40:29,400
windows server i might have a windows
29623
18:40:31,872 --> 18:40:32,872
2008 server but i might have clients
29624
18:40:34,872 --> 18:40:35,872
that are windows 7
29625
18:40:36,552 --> 18:40:37,552
vista maybe even xp and so i need to
29626
18:40:39,512 --> 18:40:40,512
make sure that the drivers exist for all
29627
18:40:41,760 --> 18:40:42,760
of these versions of the operating
29628
18:40:43,120 --> 18:40:44,120
system
29629
18:40:44,720 --> 18:40:45,720
you also want to check windows
29630
18:40:46,000 --> 18:40:47,000
compatibility lists to verify that
29631
18:40:48,000 --> 18:40:49,000
remember we talked about the
29632
18:40:50,552 --> 18:40:51,552
windows compatibility list available
29633
18:40:52,160 --> 18:40:53,160
online the compatibility
29634
18:40:54,800 --> 18:40:55,800
you can always do a google search so you
29635
18:40:56,960 --> 18:40:57,960
want to make sure that it not only says
29636
18:40:58,552 --> 18:40:59,552
it on the manufacturer's site but also a
29637
18:41:00,160 --> 18:41:01,160
microsoft site
29638
18:41:02,400 --> 18:41:03,400
and double check how the computer is
29639
18:41:04,320 --> 18:41:05,320
going to connect to the network or to
29640
18:41:05,920 --> 18:41:06,920
the computer
29641
18:41:07,040 --> 18:41:08,040
for instance you might be expecting to
29642
18:41:09,280 --> 18:41:10,280
connect the printer to your network
29643
18:41:11,360 --> 18:41:12,360
directly well in that case you want to
29644
18:41:13,280 --> 18:41:14,280
make sure that it has an rj45 that's an
29645
18:41:16,080 --> 18:41:17,080
ethernet wired connection or that it has
29646
18:41:18,552 --> 18:41:19,552
a wi-fi connection alternatively you
29647
18:41:20,552 --> 18:41:21,552
might be interested in a bluetooth
29648
18:41:22,320 --> 18:41:23,320
connection which you can also in some
29649
18:41:24,000 --> 18:41:25,000
cases connect your uh computer through
29650
18:41:27,760 --> 18:41:28,760
so these are all important things to
29651
18:41:29,040 --> 18:41:30,040
take into account before you go out and
29652
18:41:31,280 --> 18:41:32,280
purchase the printer or before you
29653
18:41:33,192 --> 18:41:34,192
upgrade your system uh especially in the
29654
18:41:36,080 --> 18:41:37,080
case of an enterprise system
29655
18:41:40,000 --> 18:41:41,000
now the printer drivers uh need to be
29656
18:41:42,552 --> 18:41:43,552
installed before you physically connect
29657
18:41:44,320 --> 18:41:45,320
the printer that's just generally the
29658
18:41:45,832 --> 18:41:46,832
way we do it and if you are following
29659
18:41:48,480 --> 18:41:49,480
instructions that come with the printer
29660
18:41:50,960 --> 18:41:51,960
they will generally echo this sentiment
29661
18:41:53,832 --> 18:41:54,832
i always recommend to download the
29662
18:41:55,600 --> 18:41:56,600
latest drivers from the manufacturer's
29663
18:41:57,680 --> 18:41:58,680
website the other place you could
29664
18:41:59,600 --> 18:42:00,600
install them from of course is the cd or
29665
18:42:01,440 --> 18:42:02,440
the dvd that comes with the printer
29666
18:42:03,760 --> 18:42:04,760
however i find that the manufacturer's
29667
18:42:05,832 --> 18:42:06,832
website drivers are going to be the
29668
18:42:08,080 --> 18:42:09,080
latest and the greatest and so i always
29669
18:42:09,680 --> 18:42:10,680
recommend installing from there
29670
18:42:12,480 --> 18:42:13,480
you need to make sure as i just
29671
18:42:14,160 --> 18:42:15,160
mentioned that the operating system and
29672
18:42:16,320 --> 18:42:17,320
the version of the operating system is
29673
18:42:17,760 --> 18:42:18,760
compatible with that driver
29674
18:42:19,440 --> 18:42:20,440
and usually
29675
18:42:20,960 --> 18:42:21,960
if they don't have it on their website
29676
18:42:22,720 --> 18:42:23,720
then it's not compatible
29677
18:42:24,800 --> 18:42:25,800
in which case you can try
29678
18:42:26,640 --> 18:42:27,640
to install
29679
18:42:27,832 --> 18:42:28,832
the printer anyway but realize you might
29680
18:42:30,320 --> 18:42:31,320
be met with
29681
18:42:31,920 --> 18:42:32,920
disappointing results
29682
18:42:34,480 --> 18:42:35,480
you can use the add a printer wizard
29683
18:42:37,280 --> 18:42:38,280
which is located in windows in three
29684
18:42:40,160 --> 18:42:41,160
different locations depending on the
29685
18:42:41,360 --> 18:42:42,360
version you're running
29686
18:42:43,040 --> 18:42:44,040
in windows 7 it's located in what's
29687
18:42:45,760 --> 18:42:46,760
called the devices and printers
29688
18:42:48,480 --> 18:42:49,480
in windows vista it was just located in
29689
18:42:50,552 --> 18:42:51,552
printers
29690
18:42:52,080 --> 18:42:53,080
and it was called printers and faxes in
29691
18:42:53,832 --> 18:42:54,832
xp
29692
18:42:55,760 --> 18:42:56,760
and if we go over to windows real
29693
18:42:57,360 --> 18:42:58,360
quickly
29694
18:43:00,080 --> 18:43:01,080
go to the start menu we see it's right
29695
18:43:01,680 --> 18:43:02,680
here located on the start menu devices
29696
18:43:03,512 --> 18:43:04,512
and printers
29697
18:43:05,440 --> 18:43:06,440
if we go to the top we can add a device
29698
18:43:07,512 --> 18:43:08,512
or add a printer they've added out a
29699
18:43:09,192 --> 18:43:10,192
device because now we have a lot of
29700
18:43:10,872 --> 18:43:11,872
other types of devices that we're adding
29701
18:43:12,720 --> 18:43:13,720
to the computer with seven
29702
18:43:15,040 --> 18:43:16,040
this would probably be where you'd add a
29703
18:43:16,320 --> 18:43:17,320
barcode scanner for instance if you want
29704
18:43:18,080 --> 18:43:19,080
to add a printer you click add printer
29705
18:43:19,920 --> 18:43:20,920
and here you can either choose to add a
29706
18:43:21,600 --> 18:43:22,600
local printer or a network
29707
18:43:24,240 --> 18:43:25,240
wireless or bluetooth printer so one
29708
18:43:26,160 --> 18:43:27,160
that does not connect directly via usb
29709
18:43:29,040 --> 18:43:30,040
once you connect this
29710
18:43:30,872 --> 18:43:31,872
uh it'll probably recognize the printers
29711
18:43:33,040 --> 18:43:34,040
already there however you can choose a
29712
18:43:34,720 --> 18:43:35,720
port to connect it through again lpts
29713
18:43:37,120 --> 18:43:38,120
these are generally parallel ports you
29714
18:43:39,680 --> 18:43:40,680
generally won't have to choose one of
29715
18:43:41,040 --> 18:43:42,040
these either
29716
18:43:42,720 --> 18:43:43,720
in some cases you might want to create a
29717
18:43:44,240 --> 18:43:45,240
new port which would be a tcpip port
29718
18:43:48,160 --> 18:43:49,160
which would be if you have a network
29719
18:43:49,360 --> 18:43:50,360
printer that you want the computer to
29720
18:43:50,872 --> 18:43:51,872
treat locally you'll create a port using
29721
18:43:53,120 --> 18:43:54,120
the
29722
18:43:54,000 --> 18:43:55,000
printer's ip address which we will talk
29723
18:43:56,552 --> 18:43:57,552
about when we get into networking ip
29724
18:43:58,640 --> 18:43:59,640
addresses that is
29725
18:44:05,280 --> 18:44:06,280
once you've installed the drivers you
29726
18:44:07,040 --> 18:44:08,040
can generally connect the printer if
29727
18:44:08,480 --> 18:44:09,480
you're using usb or ieee 1394 and again
29728
18:44:12,240 --> 18:44:13,240
just to remind you this is firewire i
29729
18:44:14,000 --> 18:44:15,000
don't see many printers coming in a
29730
18:44:15,440 --> 18:44:16,440
firewire standard nowadays but i'll
29731
18:44:17,280 --> 18:44:18,280
point it out anyway you don't need to
29732
18:44:19,040 --> 18:44:20,040
turn off the computer that's because usb
29733
18:44:22,000 --> 18:44:23,000
and
29734
18:44:22,800 --> 18:44:23,800
firewire are both or both what we call
29735
18:44:27,600 --> 18:44:28,600
hot swappable i think we've seen that
29736
18:44:29,512 --> 18:44:30,512
term before but it basically means uh
29737
18:44:32,080 --> 18:44:33,080
while the computer is on while it is hot
29738
18:44:34,400 --> 18:44:35,400
you can plug things up to it
29739
18:44:36,552 --> 18:44:37,552
this is not the case if you're
29740
18:44:38,080 --> 18:44:39,080
connecting the printer via a parallel
29741
18:44:40,000 --> 18:44:41,000
port which is that lpt-1 port
29742
18:44:42,480 --> 18:44:43,480
a scuzzy port or a serial port which
29743
18:44:44,400 --> 18:44:45,400
would be a com port
29744
18:44:46,000 --> 18:44:47,000
so in that case you should shut down the
29745
18:44:48,160 --> 18:44:49,160
computer first after you've installed
29746
18:44:50,080 --> 18:44:51,080
the drivers
29747
18:44:51,192 --> 18:44:52,192
you shut down the computer plug it in
29748
18:44:52,872 --> 18:44:53,872
and as it boots up it will probably
29749
18:44:54,720 --> 18:44:55,720
recognize that the printer is connected
29750
18:44:59,120 --> 18:45:00,120
you can connect the printer to an ac
29751
18:45:01,192 --> 18:45:02,192
outlet after you've connected the
29752
18:45:03,192 --> 18:45:04,192
printer to the computer
29753
18:45:04,872 --> 18:45:05,872
again this is going to provide power to
29754
18:45:06,640 --> 18:45:07,640
it
29755
18:45:07,680 --> 18:45:08,680
and so the last thing you add is power
29756
18:45:09,360 --> 18:45:10,360
of course the very last thing you do is
29757
18:45:10,800 --> 18:45:11,800
actually turn on the printer using the
29758
18:45:12,640 --> 18:45:13,640
on off switch
29759
18:45:14,160 --> 18:45:15,160
you don't need to connect a laser
29760
18:45:16,160 --> 18:45:17,160
printer to a ups remember a ups is an
29761
18:45:18,720 --> 18:45:19,720
uninterruptible
29762
18:45:20,320 --> 18:45:21,320
power supply and it's a battery backup
29763
18:45:22,640 --> 18:45:23,640
for lack of a better word i often see on
29764
18:45:25,280 --> 18:45:26,280
the test this exact statement
29765
18:45:28,160 --> 18:45:29,160
okay so sometimes it'll ask you which of
29766
18:45:30,000 --> 18:45:31,000
the following devices does not need to
29767
18:45:31,360 --> 18:45:32,360
be plugged into a ups and this is a
29768
18:45:33,040 --> 18:45:34,040
reminder that laser printers do not
29769
18:45:35,920 --> 18:45:36,920
connect to a ups ever they take up a lot
29770
18:45:38,640 --> 18:45:39,640
of power a lot of energy and in case
29771
18:45:41,192 --> 18:45:42,192
your power goes out you don't need to be
29772
18:45:43,512 --> 18:45:44,512
printing off stuff what you do need to
29773
18:45:44,800 --> 18:45:45,800
be doing is saving everything and
29774
18:45:46,240 --> 18:45:47,240
shutting down so that way you don't lose
29775
18:45:48,000 --> 18:45:49,000
any of your information
29776
18:45:52,240 --> 18:45:53,240
so now that it's connected driver's
29777
18:45:53,760 --> 18:45:54,760
installed everything's gone well uh you
29778
18:45:56,160 --> 18:45:57,160
generally you need to calibrate the
29779
18:45:57,680 --> 18:45:58,680
printer
29780
18:45:58,800 --> 18:45:59,800
what this means is
29781
18:46:00,400 --> 18:46:01,400
what you see on your screen sometimes
29782
18:46:02,480 --> 18:46:03,480
does not correlate exactly and precisely
29783
18:46:04,960 --> 18:46:05,960
with what the printer is going to put
29784
18:46:06,400 --> 18:46:07,400
off and so the printer needs to know
29785
18:46:12,000 --> 18:46:13,000
for instance
29786
18:46:20,000 --> 18:46:21,000
which of these three
29787
18:46:23,512 --> 18:46:24,512
actually gives you straight lines now on
29788
18:46:25,192 --> 18:46:26,192
some computers
29789
18:46:26,552 --> 18:46:27,552
when it prints off number three might be
29790
18:46:28,400 --> 18:46:29,400
the right answer in this case you choose
29791
18:46:30,160 --> 18:46:31,160
number one because it gives you the
29792
18:46:31,512 --> 18:46:32,512
straightest line this is also useful for
29793
18:46:33,512 --> 18:46:34,512
um
29794
18:46:35,600 --> 18:46:36,600
color so sometimes it'll have different
29795
18:46:37,512 --> 18:46:38,512
colors sort of on a screen or it'll say
29796
18:46:40,400 --> 18:46:41,400
which of the following is the best blue
29797
18:46:42,240 --> 18:46:43,240
or the best yellow etc and that
29798
18:46:44,320 --> 18:46:45,320
calibrates the printer and aligns it
29799
18:46:46,320 --> 18:46:47,320
another term
29800
18:46:47,680 --> 18:46:48,680
aligns the print heads
29801
18:46:51,440 --> 18:46:52,440
to work properly in outputting what it
29802
18:46:54,080 --> 18:46:55,080
is you're seeing on your actual screen
29803
18:46:56,720 --> 18:46:57,720
so again this aligns the printing
29804
18:46:58,320 --> 18:46:59,320
mechanism to the paper and verifies
29805
18:47:00,400 --> 18:47:01,400
color output it aligns it using this
29806
18:47:02,480 --> 18:47:03,480
method and the color generally by
29807
18:47:04,480 --> 18:47:05,480
showing you different swatches of the
29808
18:47:05,920 --> 18:47:06,920
color and asking which is the best for
29809
18:47:07,832 --> 18:47:08,832
you
29810
18:47:10,320 --> 18:47:11,320
the printer software usually guides the
29811
18:47:12,400 --> 18:47:13,400
user through this process
29812
18:47:14,240 --> 18:47:15,240
meaning that
29813
18:47:15,760 --> 18:47:16,760
this is not something that's built into
29814
18:47:17,120 --> 18:47:18,120
windows this is built into the printer
29815
18:47:19,040 --> 18:47:20,040
utilities so i'm not going to show you
29816
18:47:21,040 --> 18:47:22,040
this because it depends on the printer
29817
18:47:22,800 --> 18:47:23,800
you have but generally speaking if you
29818
18:47:24,960 --> 18:47:25,960
go into the printer
29819
18:47:26,720 --> 18:47:27,720
settings there's generally an options
29820
18:47:28,400 --> 18:47:29,400
area where it'll give you the ability to
29821
18:47:31,920 --> 18:47:32,920
access the printer itself the
29822
18:47:36,800 --> 18:47:37,800
utilities sometimes it'll also be
29823
18:47:39,192 --> 18:47:40,192
installed in the add remove programs
29824
18:47:41,192 --> 18:47:42,192
area i'm sorry in the all programs area
29825
18:47:43,760 --> 18:47:44,760
off the start menu and you can run it
29826
18:47:46,160 --> 18:47:47,160
the actual utility provided by the
29827
18:47:48,640 --> 18:47:49,640
manufacturer in order to do this it's
29828
18:47:50,720 --> 18:47:51,720
the same thing you'll do if you need to
29829
18:47:52,000 --> 18:47:53,000
clean
29830
18:47:52,960 --> 18:47:53,960
um
29831
18:47:54,240 --> 18:47:55,240
the printer
29832
18:47:56,832 --> 18:47:57,832
ink sometimes these calibration tests
29833
18:47:59,600 --> 18:48:00,600
can also be done on the small printer
29834
18:48:01,192 --> 18:48:02,192
display
29835
18:48:02,552 --> 18:48:03,552
some printers have a small tiny display
29836
18:48:06,720 --> 18:48:07,720
generally
29837
18:48:09,120 --> 18:48:10,120
something like this
29838
18:48:10,480 --> 18:48:11,480
and
29839
18:48:11,760 --> 18:48:12,760
you might see calibrate as an option
29840
18:48:14,872 --> 18:48:15,872
um you would move through this display
29841
18:48:16,872 --> 18:48:17,872
by the way because on the
29842
18:48:19,832 --> 18:48:20,832
top of the printer is generally
29843
18:48:21,280 --> 18:48:22,280
something like this and it lets you
29844
18:48:24,080 --> 18:48:25,080
select what you want to
29845
18:48:26,480 --> 18:48:27,480
mess with sometimes these small printer
29846
18:48:28,800 --> 18:48:29,800
displays are specifically on laser
29847
18:48:30,480 --> 18:48:31,480
printers and on larger enterprise
29848
18:48:33,120 --> 18:48:34,120
printers such as
29849
18:48:34,872 --> 18:48:35,872
copiers etc that's where really where
29850
18:48:37,040 --> 18:48:38,040
you're going to see these
29851
18:48:40,080 --> 18:48:41,080
testing the printer once it's all set up
29852
18:48:41,760 --> 18:48:42,760
and you think it's good to go there's
29853
18:48:43,360 --> 18:48:44,360
actually
29854
18:48:44,400 --> 18:48:45,400
uh
29855
18:48:45,360 --> 18:48:46,360
you can test the printer by printing a
29856
18:48:47,120 --> 18:48:48,120
test page and this is built into windows
29857
18:48:49,512 --> 18:48:50,512
built into most driver settings what you
29858
18:48:51,760 --> 18:48:52,760
do to get here is you double click the
29859
18:48:53,512 --> 18:48:54,512
printer in the printers area
29860
18:48:55,760 --> 18:48:56,760
okay so you can see behind here is the
29861
18:48:57,920 --> 18:48:58,920
devices in the printers area here in
29862
18:49:00,000 --> 18:49:01,000
windows 7. if we were in windows vista
29863
18:49:02,320 --> 18:49:03,320
it would be called printers and if we
29864
18:49:04,080 --> 18:49:05,080
were in
29865
18:49:05,192 --> 18:49:06,192
xp we'd do printers and faxes you double
29866
18:49:08,480 --> 18:49:09,480
click on the printer itself
29867
18:49:11,192 --> 18:49:12,192
and then
29868
18:49:12,240 --> 18:49:13,240
you go here to printer go down to
29869
18:49:13,920 --> 18:49:14,920
properties
29870
18:49:15,280 --> 18:49:16,280
and this box will pop up
29871
18:49:18,720 --> 18:49:19,720
all right
29872
18:49:22,000 --> 18:49:23,000
at the bottom of the general tab you
29873
18:49:23,832 --> 18:49:24,832
will see the print test page
29874
18:49:26,160 --> 18:49:27,160
when you print the test page
29875
18:49:28,320 --> 18:49:29,320
it'll say it'll show you several
29876
18:49:30,160 --> 18:49:31,160
different things including the operating
29877
18:49:32,240 --> 18:49:33,240
system the local computer is running
29878
18:49:34,640 --> 18:49:35,640
and various other configuration and
29879
18:49:36,552 --> 18:49:37,552
driver information it'll also have the
29880
18:49:39,120 --> 18:49:40,120
windows logo on it
29881
18:49:41,192 --> 18:49:42,192
so you can make sure all the colors are
29882
18:49:42,552 --> 18:49:43,552
working properly the reason it gives you
29883
18:49:44,320 --> 18:49:45,320
the operating system local computers so
29884
18:49:45,832 --> 18:49:46,832
you know that you've printed it off from
29885
18:49:47,360 --> 18:49:48,360
a specific computer in some instances it
29886
18:49:49,512 --> 18:49:50,512
will also give you information
29887
18:49:51,360 --> 18:49:52,360
of uh
29888
18:49:52,720 --> 18:49:53,720
the ip address network protocols etc
29889
18:49:56,000 --> 18:49:57,000
sometimes you can also print a test page
29890
18:49:57,680 --> 18:49:58,680
off using the onboard display
29891
18:49:59,920 --> 18:50:00,920
specifically on laser printers larger
29892
18:50:01,600 --> 18:50:02,600
can
29893
18:50:02,320 --> 18:50:03,320
canon xerox etc that are going to be in
29894
18:50:04,640 --> 18:50:05,640
a large
29895
18:50:06,400 --> 18:50:07,400
company
29896
18:50:07,600 --> 18:50:08,600
if we just go take a look
29897
18:50:10,080 --> 18:50:11,080
here at windows 7 i'm going to close out
29898
18:50:11,512 --> 18:50:12,512
of this add new and let's say we go to
29899
18:50:14,960 --> 18:50:15,960
this printer we go to printer properties
29900
18:50:19,040 --> 18:50:20,040
and here we can print a test page if we
29901
18:50:21,512 --> 18:50:22,512
so wish
29902
18:50:23,920 --> 18:50:24,920
they'll tell us a test page has been
29903
18:50:25,760 --> 18:50:26,760
sent
29904
18:50:27,040 --> 18:50:28,040
and then we can double check to make
29905
18:50:28,320 --> 18:50:29,320
sure everything's okay
29906
18:50:37,280 --> 18:50:38,280
so after we've installed the printer we
29907
18:50:38,720 --> 18:50:39,720
can configure it
29908
18:50:40,320 --> 18:50:41,320
there are three locations that we need
29909
18:50:41,832 --> 18:50:42,832
to know about for configuring the
29910
18:50:43,680 --> 18:50:44,680
printer the first is on the small
29911
18:50:45,760 --> 18:50:46,760
display sometimes that's on some
29912
18:50:47,600 --> 18:50:48,600
printers not all printers
29913
18:50:49,440 --> 18:50:50,440
uh these are more common as i've
29914
18:50:51,120 --> 18:50:52,120
mentioned on laser printers large
29915
18:50:52,552 --> 18:50:53,552
enterprise scanner copiers
29916
18:50:54,800 --> 18:50:55,800
and they are menu driven and usually
29917
18:50:56,400 --> 18:50:57,400
very user friendly and intuitive so you
29918
18:50:58,800 --> 18:50:59,800
would go to the test page option to
29919
18:51:00,552 --> 18:51:01,552
print a test page maybe settings uh
29920
18:51:04,400 --> 18:51:05,400
if you have questions about that always
29921
18:51:06,160 --> 18:51:07,160
refer to the documentation that comes
29922
18:51:08,320 --> 18:51:09,320
from the manufacturer
29923
18:51:11,280 --> 18:51:12,280
you can also go within a
29924
18:51:13,120 --> 18:51:14,120
printer's web interface so if the
29925
18:51:15,600 --> 18:51:16,600
if this is a network printer
29926
18:51:19,192 --> 18:51:20,192
it's generally given an ip address
29927
18:51:22,400 --> 18:51:23,400
which you might know i p address for
29928
18:51:24,240 --> 18:51:25,240
instance like a 192.168.0.23
29929
18:51:28,080 --> 18:51:29,080
we will talk about what this is in the
29930
18:51:30,800 --> 18:51:31,800
next couple seconds when we talk about
29931
18:51:32,160 --> 18:51:33,160
networking but you would go to a web
29932
18:51:34,080 --> 18:51:35,080
browser you type this in and you would
29933
18:51:36,240 --> 18:51:37,240
then be brought to a web based interface
29934
18:51:39,280 --> 18:51:40,280
where you could configure the printer
29935
18:51:41,680 --> 18:51:42,680
this is only if it's a network printer
29936
18:51:43,192 --> 18:51:44,192
as i've added and it's often accessed
29937
18:51:45,512 --> 18:51:46,512
directly through a web browser in some
29938
18:51:47,600 --> 18:51:48,600
cases you will have a utility that will
29939
18:51:50,080 --> 18:51:51,080
do this for you that you have to install
29940
18:51:51,920 --> 18:51:52,920
on your computer
29941
18:51:53,760 --> 18:51:54,760
basically what this is is you are
29942
18:51:55,512 --> 18:51:56,512
accessing the printer the printer itself
29943
18:51:58,400 --> 18:51:59,400
is large enough to where it has a very
29944
18:52:00,400 --> 18:52:01,400
small computer built onto it
29945
18:52:02,800 --> 18:52:03,800
that allows it to display this web-based
29946
18:52:05,512 --> 18:52:06,512
interface to you
29947
18:52:06,872 --> 18:52:07,872
and through which you can make
29948
18:52:08,000 --> 18:52:09,000
configuration changes
29949
18:52:11,600 --> 18:52:12,600
there's sometimes on you usually rather
29950
18:52:14,000 --> 18:52:15,000
on copiers enterprise printers etc if
29951
18:52:16,480 --> 18:52:17,480
you have a very large expensive
29952
18:52:19,040 --> 18:52:20,040
printer copier that you have leased or
29953
18:52:21,600 --> 18:52:22,600
that you've bought you'll generally find
29954
18:52:23,360 --> 18:52:24,360
that it has one of these web-based
29955
18:52:24,640 --> 18:52:25,640
interfaces on it
29956
18:52:26,800 --> 18:52:27,800
finally
29957
18:52:28,000 --> 18:52:29,000
within windows where we've looked
29958
18:52:29,440 --> 18:52:30,440
already double-click on the printer
29959
18:52:32,320 --> 18:52:33,320
access the properties like we've
29960
18:52:34,080 --> 18:52:35,080
demonstrated
29961
18:52:35,360 --> 18:52:36,360
and if we go back there for a second
29962
18:52:39,192 --> 18:52:40,192
and i'll open up
29963
18:52:41,440 --> 18:52:42,440
properties one more time
29964
18:52:43,920 --> 18:52:44,920
you can see all the different options we
29965
18:52:46,160 --> 18:52:47,160
have for
29966
18:52:48,160 --> 18:52:49,160
configuring this
29967
18:52:50,240 --> 18:52:51,240
including security options which would
29968
18:52:52,000 --> 18:52:53,000
allow certain individuals to use it or
29969
18:52:53,512 --> 18:52:54,512
not uh certain settings color
29970
18:52:56,872 --> 18:52:57,872
advanced tab etc etc
29971
18:53:01,192 --> 18:53:02,192
i can even change certain properties
29972
18:53:02,800 --> 18:53:03,800
down here
29973
18:53:06,080 --> 18:53:07,080
you'll notice now it gives me the access
29974
18:53:07,760 --> 18:53:08,760
to change a lot of stuff that was grayed
29975
18:53:09,192 --> 18:53:10,192
out before
29976
18:53:15,040 --> 18:53:16,040
all right so now we've talked about
29977
18:53:16,800 --> 18:53:17,800
installing printers
29978
18:53:18,400 --> 18:53:19,400
we looked at checking the compatibility
29979
18:53:20,872 --> 18:53:21,872
one thing you definitely want to check
29980
18:53:22,160 --> 18:53:23,160
for is whether it's 32 or 64 bit
29981
18:53:25,192 --> 18:53:26,192
installing the printer drivers which you
29982
18:53:26,872 --> 18:53:27,872
do
29983
18:53:27,600 --> 18:53:28,600
first
29984
18:53:28,552 --> 18:53:29,552
you can get these off of the dvd
29985
18:53:31,040 --> 18:53:32,040
or off the internet from the
29986
18:53:32,080 --> 18:53:33,080
manufacturer's website
29987
18:53:34,720 --> 18:53:35,720
then you connect the printer
29988
18:53:37,040 --> 18:53:38,040
usually using usb or if it's a network
29989
18:53:40,080 --> 18:53:41,080
you're going to use a wi-fi
29990
18:53:43,192 --> 18:53:44,192
or an rj45
29991
18:53:46,480 --> 18:53:47,480
calibrating the printer
29992
18:53:48,720 --> 18:53:49,720
which you do using a
29993
18:53:51,120 --> 18:53:52,120
manufacturer utility
29994
18:53:58,480 --> 18:53:59,480
and then you test the printer you can
29995
18:54:00,400 --> 18:54:01,400
generally but
29996
18:54:01,600 --> 18:54:02,600
printing a test page from the windows
29997
18:54:04,000 --> 18:54:05,000
dialog box the important thing to know
29998
18:54:06,240 --> 18:54:07,240
too is you'll probably want to go into
29999
18:54:07,440 --> 18:54:08,440
windows and or word rather and you know
30000
18:54:10,480 --> 18:54:11,480
create a test document to print off too
30001
18:54:12,800 --> 18:54:13,800
uh just to make sure it's not only
30002
18:54:13,920 --> 18:54:14,920
working well in windows but in your
30003
18:54:15,920 --> 18:54:16,920
applications as well and finally we can
30004
18:54:17,920 --> 18:54:18,920
configure our printers
30005
18:54:19,600 --> 18:54:20,600
from three different places
30006
18:54:21,920 --> 18:54:22,920
uh the second is that web based
30007
18:54:23,920 --> 18:54:24,920
interface
30008
18:54:26,000 --> 18:54:27,000
right the first was the on board menu
30009
18:54:29,600 --> 18:54:30,600
little display on the printer
30010
18:54:32,720 --> 18:54:33,720
and the third was located in windows in
30011
18:54:34,960 --> 18:54:35,960
one of those three locations and
30012
18:54:36,872 --> 18:54:37,872
remember with xp it was called
30013
18:54:43,600 --> 18:54:44,600
printers and faxes
30014
18:54:45,600 --> 18:54:46,600
with vista
30015
18:54:48,800 --> 18:54:49,800
printers
30016
18:54:49,920 --> 18:54:50,920
by itself and now in seven
30017
18:54:57,600 --> 18:54:58,600
printers and devices
30018
18:55:04,000 --> 18:55:05,000
great
30019
18:55:04,800 --> 18:55:05,800
so
30020
18:55:05,512 --> 18:55:06,512
let's continue on by looking at
30021
18:55:07,120 --> 18:55:08,120
troubleshooting printers once we've
30022
18:55:08,800 --> 18:55:09,800
installed them configured them and now
30023
18:55:10,320 --> 18:55:11,320
that we know what kind of printers we're
30024
18:55:11,760 --> 18:55:12,760
dealing with
30025
18:55:15,990 --> 18:55:16,990
[Music]
30026
18:55:36,480 --> 18:55:37,480
printers printer management and
30027
18:55:38,800 --> 18:55:39,800
troubleshooting
30028
18:55:40,552 --> 18:55:41,552
now that we've discussed printers and
30029
18:55:42,552 --> 18:55:43,552
we've discussed the hardware that goes
30030
18:55:44,320 --> 18:55:45,320
into them not to mention installing and
30031
18:55:46,160 --> 18:55:47,160
configuring them let's look a little
30032
18:55:48,080 --> 18:55:49,080
more in depth at managing the printer
30033
18:55:50,960 --> 18:55:51,960
mostly from the operating system side
30034
18:55:53,120 --> 18:55:54,120
and also troubleshooting them
30035
18:55:55,120 --> 18:55:56,120
and specifically i'm not going to go
30036
18:55:57,280 --> 18:55:58,280
in depth into troubleshooting printers
30037
18:55:59,280 --> 18:56:00,280
in every circumstance since there is
30038
18:56:01,360 --> 18:56:02,360
actually a
30039
18:56:02,800 --> 18:56:03,800
comptia certification devoted to
30040
18:56:04,800 --> 18:56:05,800
printers and imaging devices but what
30041
18:56:06,552 --> 18:56:07,552
i'm going to do is look at the ones that
30042
18:56:08,080 --> 18:56:09,080
the a plus exam points out most
30043
18:56:10,480 --> 18:56:11,480
frequently
30044
18:56:11,920 --> 18:56:12,920
so um some of the things we're going to
30045
18:56:13,360 --> 18:56:14,360
talk about are print jobs what they are
30046
18:56:16,480 --> 18:56:17,480
how we can control them on a computer
30047
18:56:18,640 --> 18:56:19,640
printer priority which you can actually
30048
18:56:20,872 --> 18:56:21,872
set and which has
30049
18:56:23,192 --> 18:56:24,192
different benefits
30050
18:56:24,960 --> 18:56:25,960
uh print spooling which is
30051
18:56:28,080 --> 18:56:29,080
quite important to remember and this is
30052
18:56:30,240 --> 18:56:31,240
actually the way that
30053
18:56:31,920 --> 18:56:32,920
windows prints using the print spooler
30054
18:56:34,640 --> 18:56:35,640
printer pooling which is pooling
30055
18:56:37,512 --> 18:56:38,512
together multiple printers
30056
18:56:39,512 --> 18:56:40,512
that act to the user as though they're
30057
18:56:41,280 --> 18:56:42,280
one
30058
18:56:42,800 --> 18:56:43,800
sharing printers
30059
18:56:44,480 --> 18:56:45,480
meaning sharing a local or network
30060
18:56:46,640 --> 18:56:47,640
printer which we've talked about
30061
18:56:47,760 --> 18:56:48,760
networking printers
30062
18:56:49,280 --> 18:56:50,280
printer permissions who gets to use a
30063
18:56:51,040 --> 18:56:52,040
printer and for what
30064
18:56:53,440 --> 18:56:54,440
separator pages really important to
30065
18:56:55,440 --> 18:56:56,440
separate
30066
18:56:57,192 --> 18:56:58,192
between different print jobs especially
30067
18:56:59,440 --> 18:57:00,440
if you're printing for multiple people
30068
18:57:02,800 --> 18:57:03,800
and then troubleshooting printers and
30069
18:57:04,240 --> 18:57:05,240
some of the common problems we find and
30070
18:57:06,240 --> 18:57:07,240
the best ways to fix them
30071
18:57:08,552 --> 18:57:09,552
all right so let's start with the
30072
18:57:10,400 --> 18:57:11,400
printer management in general and print
30073
18:57:13,040 --> 18:57:14,040
jobs
30074
18:57:14,320 --> 18:57:15,320
to manage a printer or an individual
30075
18:57:16,400 --> 18:57:17,400
print job what you do is double click
30076
18:57:18,640 --> 18:57:19,640
the printer the job was sent to and you
30077
18:57:20,720 --> 18:57:21,720
double click this it's located we've
30078
18:57:22,400 --> 18:57:23,400
talked about this in windows but in
30079
18:57:24,640 --> 18:57:25,640
windows
30080
18:57:25,760 --> 18:57:26,760
7 it's in devices and printers windows
30081
18:57:28,552 --> 18:57:29,552
xp we're looking at printers and faxes
30082
18:57:31,832 --> 18:57:32,832
and windows vista simply printers
30083
18:57:34,320 --> 18:57:35,320
if the print job is listed so here we've
30084
18:57:36,800 --> 18:57:37,800
double clicked and i'll show you this in
30085
18:57:38,240 --> 18:57:39,240
a second we've double clicked the
30086
18:57:39,680 --> 18:57:40,680
printer
30087
18:57:40,960 --> 18:57:41,960
and this box pops up and
30088
18:57:44,320 --> 18:57:45,320
under here the print job would be listed
30089
18:57:46,872 --> 18:57:47,872
and it would give you all of this
30090
18:57:48,080 --> 18:57:49,080
information
30091
18:57:51,192 --> 18:57:52,192
so you'd have the document name
30092
18:57:53,280 --> 18:57:54,280
the status would be listed and we'll
30093
18:57:55,280 --> 18:57:56,280
talk about that
30094
18:57:56,552 --> 18:57:57,552
it'll say
30095
18:57:58,800 --> 18:57:59,800
whether it's been sent to the printer
30096
18:58:00,240 --> 18:58:01,240
it's printing etc who owns it number of
30097
18:58:02,872 --> 18:58:03,872
pages size etc
30098
18:58:06,640 --> 18:58:07,640
other messages that you could get by the
30099
18:58:08,800 --> 18:58:09,800
way
30100
18:58:09,920 --> 18:58:10,920
could be it's being spooled which means
30101
18:58:12,720 --> 18:58:13,720
that and we'll talk about spooling in a
30102
18:58:14,552 --> 18:58:15,552
second
30103
18:58:15,600 --> 18:58:16,600
or a few minutes rather but that the
30104
18:58:18,872 --> 18:58:19,872
computer is quote-unquote printing the
30105
18:58:21,440 --> 18:58:22,440
document into a into an area where then
30106
18:58:24,240 --> 18:58:25,240
it can send it to the printer cued
30107
18:58:26,480 --> 18:58:27,480
meaning it's it's not spooled yet but it
30108
18:58:29,120 --> 18:58:30,120
will be stopped perhaps there's an error
30109
18:58:32,080 --> 18:58:33,080
with the printer uh
30110
18:58:34,320 --> 18:58:35,320
or you have manually stopped or paused
30111
18:58:37,120 --> 18:58:38,120
the printer or failed meaning that
30112
18:58:39,120 --> 18:58:40,120
something went wrong and the document
30113
18:58:41,120 --> 18:58:42,120
cannot be printed
30114
18:58:42,400 --> 18:58:43,400
must be deleted
30115
18:58:44,240 --> 18:58:45,240
if i have a job by the way
30116
18:58:47,280 --> 18:58:48,280
and this is why this gets important if i
30117
18:58:49,440 --> 18:58:50,440
have a job that's sitting at the top so
30118
18:58:52,320 --> 18:58:53,320
let's say i have three jobs
30119
18:58:54,320 --> 18:58:55,320
the topmost job is the one that's going
30120
18:58:57,040 --> 18:58:58,040
higher in the queue
30121
18:58:58,720 --> 18:58:59,720
if this job fails
30122
18:59:02,480 --> 18:59:03,480
for some reason
30123
18:59:03,832 --> 18:59:04,832
all of these jobs won't print because
30124
18:59:05,832 --> 18:59:06,832
it's basically like i have i have a cork
30125
18:59:08,320 --> 18:59:09,320
plugging up the hole okay
30126
18:59:11,120 --> 18:59:12,120
so
30127
18:59:11,920 --> 18:59:12,920
just so we can get into this real
30128
18:59:13,440 --> 18:59:14,440
quickly and so i can show you
30129
18:59:15,360 --> 18:59:16,360
so here we are in windows
30130
18:59:18,552 --> 18:59:19,552
and if we go to devices and printers
30131
18:59:20,480 --> 18:59:21,480
which is accessible from the start menu
30132
18:59:23,120 --> 18:59:24,120
i can see all the printers that have
30133
18:59:24,552 --> 18:59:25,552
been installed on this computer as well
30134
18:59:26,000 --> 18:59:27,000
as other devices but we're noticing
30135
18:59:27,760 --> 18:59:28,760
we're looking here at printers and faxes
30136
18:59:29,280 --> 18:59:30,280
again printers and faxes is the name of
30137
18:59:31,280 --> 18:59:32,280
this entire thing if we were to go
30138
18:59:32,872 --> 18:59:33,872
through it
30139
18:59:33,920 --> 18:59:34,920
in
30140
18:59:34,640 --> 18:59:35,640
windows xp by the way you can also get
30141
18:59:37,360 --> 18:59:38,360
here by going to the control panel
30142
18:59:40,960 --> 18:59:41,960
so if we go to control panel
30143
18:59:44,720 --> 18:59:45,720
we can then find devices and printers
30144
18:59:47,040 --> 18:59:48,040
here
30145
18:59:49,832 --> 18:59:50,832
and we're at the same spot okay so if i
30146
18:59:52,640 --> 18:59:53,640
double click on whichever printer i'm
30147
18:59:54,720 --> 18:59:55,720
using
30148
18:59:55,680 --> 18:59:56,680
then that print queue comes up and now i
30149
18:59:59,280 --> 19:00:00,280
could add stuff to this print queue
30150
19:00:01,280 --> 19:00:02,280
delete it etc we'll talk about some of
30151
19:00:02,872 --> 19:00:03,872
the stuff but this is the box that we're
30152
19:00:04,320 --> 19:00:05,320
talking about in most the next section
30153
19:00:10,872 --> 19:00:11,872
so jobs listed here
30154
19:00:13,120 --> 19:00:14,120
as i mentioned the jobs as soon as
30155
19:00:16,240 --> 19:00:17,240
a job is made it's going to be thrown
30156
19:00:18,480 --> 19:00:19,480
into the queue right here and you can do
30157
19:00:20,480 --> 19:00:21,480
things with that job you can pause it
30158
19:00:22,960 --> 19:00:23,960
you can restart it you can stop it
30159
19:00:25,512 --> 19:00:26,512
completely
30160
19:00:26,640 --> 19:00:27,640
and to do that you can either right
30161
19:00:28,400 --> 19:00:29,400
click on the job when it appears i don't
30162
19:00:30,080 --> 19:00:31,080
have any jobs to show you or you can
30163
19:00:32,720 --> 19:00:33,720
actually go to this document menu right
30164
19:00:34,872 --> 19:00:35,872
here
30165
19:00:36,400 --> 19:00:37,400
and here you can see pause resume if it
30166
19:00:38,552 --> 19:00:39,552
is pause restart cancel the job all
30167
19:00:42,000 --> 19:00:43,000
right and you can also purge all jobs
30168
19:00:45,360 --> 19:00:46,360
so here i am if i go to print and you
30169
19:00:48,240 --> 19:00:49,240
don't see this right now because there's
30170
19:00:49,360 --> 19:00:50,360
not one but there's pause printing which
30171
19:00:50,960 --> 19:00:51,960
will pause all the jobs and i can also
30172
19:00:53,760 --> 19:00:54,760
cancel all documents which is called
30173
19:00:55,760 --> 19:00:56,760
purging it meaning if i have let's say a
30174
19:00:58,720 --> 19:00:59,720
major error i can just cancel all the
30175
19:01:00,552 --> 19:01:01,552
documents now if i have 50 documents
30176
19:01:02,872 --> 19:01:03,872
though every one of those can have to be
30177
19:01:04,320 --> 19:01:05,320
resent to the printer all right and
30178
19:01:06,872 --> 19:01:07,872
that's what we're talking about for the
30179
19:01:07,760 --> 19:01:08,760
printer in general here are specific
30180
19:01:09,192 --> 19:01:10,192
documents so i can pause one document or
30181
19:01:11,600 --> 19:01:12,600
cancel one document and allow another to
30182
19:01:13,512 --> 19:01:14,512
sort of take its place
30183
19:01:15,680 --> 19:01:16,680
the larger documents take longer to
30184
19:01:17,832 --> 19:01:18,832
spool before printing and again we're
30185
19:01:19,440 --> 19:01:20,440
going to talk about spooling in more and
30186
19:01:21,192 --> 19:01:22,192
more specif specifics in just a second
30187
19:01:23,600 --> 19:01:24,600
but the reason i mention that is if i
30188
19:01:25,440 --> 19:01:26,440
have a
30189
19:01:26,872 --> 19:01:27,872
you know a 100 megabyte file which is
30190
19:01:29,680 --> 19:01:30,680
pretty large for a printing file
30191
19:01:32,320 --> 19:01:33,320
at the top of my queue and i have you
30192
19:01:35,360 --> 19:01:36,360
know 10 or 20 or 30 other print jobs
30193
19:01:37,680 --> 19:01:38,680
below it this is going to create a
30194
19:01:39,512 --> 19:01:40,512
bottleneck and in some ways this will
30195
19:01:41,360 --> 19:01:42,360
actually crash the printer
30196
19:01:43,360 --> 19:01:44,360
which can sometimes be an issue so if
30197
19:01:44,960 --> 19:01:45,960
you have a question on the exam talking
30198
19:01:47,440 --> 19:01:48,440
about you know someone who's working in
30199
19:01:48,872 --> 19:01:49,872
the graphics department is trying to
30200
19:01:50,872 --> 19:01:51,872
print something and
30201
19:01:53,040 --> 19:01:54,040
as soon as they print no one else
30202
19:01:55,040 --> 19:01:56,040
reports that they can print to that
30203
19:01:56,552 --> 19:01:57,552
device the problem is there's probably
30204
19:01:58,552 --> 19:01:59,552
one page one document that's getting
30205
19:02:00,720 --> 19:02:01,720
caught up in there
30206
19:02:02,400 --> 19:02:03,400
all documents by the way can be paused
30207
19:02:04,800 --> 19:02:05,800
or cancelled as we've mentioned and you
30208
19:02:07,120 --> 19:02:08,120
can do that from that printer tab where
30209
19:02:09,120 --> 19:02:10,120
i showed you so this is for documents
30210
19:02:11,512 --> 19:02:12,512
the printer i can pause
30211
19:02:14,080 --> 19:02:15,080
the printer from printing at all as
30212
19:02:16,800 --> 19:02:17,800
opposed to just pausing one document or
30213
19:02:19,040 --> 19:02:20,040
i can cancel it by
30214
19:02:22,080 --> 19:02:23,080
saying to cancel all documents and
30215
19:02:23,600 --> 19:02:24,600
that'll do what's called purging it of
30216
19:02:25,120 --> 19:02:26,120
all the documents
30217
19:02:27,680 --> 19:02:28,680
the entire printer can also be taken
30218
19:02:29,680 --> 19:02:30,680
offline from the printer menu like i
30219
19:02:31,920 --> 19:02:32,920
just mentioned in this case you're
30220
19:02:34,160 --> 19:02:35,160
you're basically pausing it we're back
30221
19:02:35,920 --> 19:02:36,920
in windows here and
30222
19:02:38,240 --> 19:02:39,240
if we go to printer you can see
30223
19:02:42,552 --> 19:02:43,552
if let me let me try choosing another
30224
19:02:44,480 --> 19:02:45,480
one to show you
30225
19:02:53,192 --> 19:02:54,192
um use printer offline would be an
30226
19:02:55,680 --> 19:02:56,680
option
30227
19:02:56,720 --> 19:02:57,720
right now it says connect because the
30228
19:02:58,160 --> 19:02:59,160
printer's not connected physically to
30229
19:02:59,832 --> 19:03:00,832
the computer but there would be a
30230
19:03:01,920 --> 19:03:02,920
option here to disconnect the printer
30231
19:03:04,640 --> 19:03:05,640
and then you could use it offline which
30232
19:03:07,192 --> 19:03:08,192
would basically mean you're telling the
30233
19:03:08,480 --> 19:03:09,480
computer to cue things up for the
30234
19:03:10,320 --> 19:03:11,320
printer although it's not connected yet
30235
19:03:16,872 --> 19:03:17,872
all right so printer priority
30236
19:03:21,280 --> 19:03:22,280
if we um want to give
30237
19:03:24,552 --> 19:03:25,552
we we want to give a printer a higher
30238
19:03:26,480 --> 19:03:27,480
priority than another printer let's say
30239
19:03:28,000 --> 19:03:29,000
they're connected to a computer i'll
30240
19:03:29,680 --> 19:03:30,680
talk about how we do this you can
30241
19:03:31,040 --> 19:03:32,040
actually configure from the advanced tab
30242
19:03:33,920 --> 19:03:34,920
of the printer properties the
30243
19:03:36,400 --> 19:03:37,400
um
30244
19:03:37,360 --> 19:03:38,360
priority of the printer and let me show
30245
19:03:39,120 --> 19:03:40,120
you how we get there we're here i've
30246
19:03:41,120 --> 19:03:42,120
opened up the printer so just to go back
30247
19:03:42,960 --> 19:03:43,960
for a second
30248
19:03:44,080 --> 19:03:45,080
uh let's use this printer just for a
30249
19:03:46,000 --> 19:03:47,000
second i double click the printer this
30250
19:03:47,832 --> 19:03:48,832
brings up the pool the spooling the cue
30251
19:03:50,872 --> 19:03:51,872
i press printer and i go to properties
30252
19:03:53,920 --> 19:03:54,920
and here i
30253
19:03:57,640 --> 19:03:58,640
have um
30254
19:04:04,160 --> 19:04:05,160
more properties notice this is the
30255
19:04:06,480 --> 19:04:07,480
advanced tab you can see i can spool
30256
19:04:08,872 --> 19:04:09,872
things from here i have a priority right
30257
19:04:11,040 --> 19:04:12,040
there it's a little grayed out right now
30258
19:04:12,640 --> 19:04:13,640
and the reason for that is i'm not
30259
19:04:14,160 --> 19:04:15,160
running it as administrator
30260
19:04:16,000 --> 19:04:17,000
so if we go back to printer and we say
30261
19:04:18,872 --> 19:04:19,872
open as administrator
30262
19:04:22,240 --> 19:04:23,240
now i can go into properties i can use
30263
19:04:25,120 --> 19:04:26,120
it offline
30264
19:04:28,240 --> 19:04:29,240
and i can see that i can raise or lower
30265
19:04:31,120 --> 19:04:32,120
the priority
30266
19:04:32,400 --> 19:04:33,400
of this printer
30267
19:04:34,640 --> 19:04:35,640
from there i also have access to a lot
30268
19:04:36,640 --> 19:04:37,640
of other properties that we're going to
30269
19:04:38,000 --> 19:04:39,000
be talking about as well including
30270
19:04:40,000 --> 19:04:41,000
sharing okay so that's where i can
30271
19:04:42,720 --> 19:04:43,720
access the printer properties page and i
30272
19:04:45,360 --> 19:04:46,360
can
30273
19:04:46,480 --> 19:04:47,480
change the priority the printer
30274
19:04:48,800 --> 19:04:49,800
uh which is in this box right here from
30275
19:04:51,040 --> 19:04:52,040
anywhere from 1 to 99 99 being the
30276
19:04:54,080 --> 19:04:55,080
highest priority so it's slightly
30277
19:04:55,760 --> 19:04:56,760
different you might think one is the
30278
19:04:57,040 --> 19:04:58,040
highest priority it's not this is useful
30279
19:04:59,360 --> 19:05:00,360
when i'm when you're sharing printers
30280
19:05:00,960 --> 19:05:01,960
out to give certain users first access
30281
19:05:04,640 --> 19:05:05,640
so
30282
19:05:06,240 --> 19:05:07,240
what you might want to do in this case
30283
19:05:08,640 --> 19:05:09,640
is let's say i have one physical printer
30284
19:05:13,512 --> 19:05:14,512
um and i have managers
30285
19:05:18,960 --> 19:05:19,960
and then i have let's say i don't know
30286
19:05:20,160 --> 19:05:21,160
like accountants obviously i want my
30287
19:05:22,960 --> 19:05:23,960
managers to have higher priority so what
30288
19:05:26,160 --> 19:05:27,160
i might do is take the same printer and
30289
19:05:29,360 --> 19:05:30,360
create it twice logically on the
30290
19:05:31,512 --> 19:05:32,512
computer i have one physical printer
30291
19:05:33,512 --> 19:05:34,512
we're only dealing with one right but
30292
19:05:34,960 --> 19:05:35,960
i'm going to install it twice on two
30293
19:05:37,832 --> 19:05:38,832
different quote unquote ports so let's
30294
19:05:40,160 --> 19:05:41,160
say i have printer one
30295
19:05:44,320 --> 19:05:45,320
and then i have
30296
19:05:46,000 --> 19:05:47,000
over here
30297
19:05:48,960 --> 19:05:49,960
printer two they're the same printer
30298
19:05:51,440 --> 19:05:52,440
right i've just installed them twice so
30299
19:05:53,920 --> 19:05:54,920
i can do different things with them this
30300
19:05:55,512 --> 19:05:56,512
one i might give a priority of 91.99 and
30301
19:05:58,080 --> 19:05:59,080
this one i might give a priority of one
30302
19:05:59,760 --> 19:06:00,760
now whenever people are printing through
30303
19:06:01,920 --> 19:06:02,920
this print server
30304
19:06:03,600 --> 19:06:04,600
the managers who only have access to
30305
19:06:05,600 --> 19:06:06,600
printer one are going to get faster
30306
19:06:08,480 --> 19:06:09,480
printing than the accountants even
30307
19:06:09,920 --> 19:06:10,920
though it's the same physical printer
30308
19:06:11,440 --> 19:06:12,440
the printer is going to listen to the
30309
19:06:13,120 --> 19:06:14,120
managers before the accountants okay a
30310
19:06:15,192 --> 19:06:16,192
little advanced but i'm just trying to
30311
19:06:16,720 --> 19:06:17,720
show you the benefits
30312
19:06:18,552 --> 19:06:19,552
so again we'll create two logical
30313
19:06:20,480 --> 19:06:21,480
printers for one physical printer like
30314
19:06:22,872 --> 19:06:23,872
we've just done up here
30315
19:06:27,760 --> 19:06:28,760
and then we share out one for managers
30316
19:06:29,512 --> 19:06:30,512
one for other users the managers get
30317
19:06:31,280 --> 19:06:32,280
priority printing
30318
19:06:35,040 --> 19:06:36,040
now print spooling we've been mentioning
30319
19:06:36,640 --> 19:06:37,640
this a couple times so i want to talk
30320
19:06:38,080 --> 19:06:39,080
about it
30321
19:06:39,512 --> 19:06:40,512
there are three possible things that
30322
19:06:41,600 --> 19:06:42,600
happen
30323
19:06:42,552 --> 19:06:43,552
when you
30324
19:06:44,000 --> 19:06:45,000
press print
30325
19:06:46,400 --> 19:06:47,400
the first thing is that and this is not
30326
19:06:48,960 --> 19:06:49,960
this does not happen by default
30327
19:06:51,192 --> 19:06:52,192
is that it prints directly to the
30328
19:06:53,600 --> 19:06:54,600
printer meaning all the information
30329
19:06:55,920 --> 19:06:56,920
contained
30330
19:06:57,360 --> 19:06:58,360
goes straight to that printer without
30331
19:06:59,360 --> 19:07:00,360
any delays
30332
19:07:00,872 --> 19:07:01,872
and
30333
19:07:01,680 --> 19:07:02,680
all of the memory is reliant on the
30334
19:07:03,680 --> 19:07:04,680
printer memory so i have
30335
19:07:06,400 --> 19:07:07,400
say a word document or let's make it
30336
19:07:08,320 --> 19:07:09,320
something more like a photoshop picture
30337
19:07:10,800 --> 19:07:11,800
it's going to send that directly to the
30338
19:07:12,480 --> 19:07:13,480
printer and the printer has to deal with
30339
19:07:14,872 --> 19:07:15,872
converting everything into a printable
30340
19:07:17,680 --> 19:07:18,680
format making sure it's all in order
30341
19:07:21,192 --> 19:07:22,192
making sure the colors are right etc and
30342
19:07:23,192 --> 19:07:24,192
so the ram and the power this is going
30343
19:07:25,040 --> 19:07:26,040
to take is going to be a lot heavier on
30344
19:07:27,192 --> 19:07:28,192
the printer than it would be on the
30345
19:07:28,800 --> 19:07:29,800
computer i'm taking all the resources
30346
19:07:30,960 --> 19:07:31,960
and whatnot away from the computer and
30347
19:07:33,040 --> 19:07:34,040
putting them all to the printer the
30348
19:07:34,720 --> 19:07:35,720
problem is that the printer goes down
30349
19:07:36,720 --> 19:07:37,720
this causes errors and i'm putting a lot
30350
19:07:38,960 --> 19:07:39,960
of
30351
19:07:40,080 --> 19:07:41,080
a lot of pressure for lack of a better
30352
19:07:41,832 --> 19:07:42,832
word on the printer to get the job done
30353
19:07:46,720 --> 19:07:47,720
the other two options one is that it
30354
19:07:48,552 --> 19:07:49,552
starts printing immediately
30355
19:07:51,512 --> 19:07:52,512
so what it does is it
30356
19:07:54,872 --> 19:07:55,872
and and the reason it says uh what's
30357
19:07:57,192 --> 19:07:58,192
happening is these are things you can
30358
19:07:58,480 --> 19:07:59,480
set
30359
19:07:59,680 --> 19:08:00,680
these are options you can set
30360
19:08:01,512 --> 19:08:02,512
so instead of it's sending to the
30361
19:08:03,440 --> 19:08:04,440
printer it does what's called start
30362
19:08:04,640 --> 19:08:05,640
printing immediately which is different
30363
19:08:06,320 --> 19:08:07,320
in this case
30364
19:08:07,600 --> 19:08:08,600
one page at a time
30365
19:08:10,640 --> 19:08:11,640
is spooled to the hard drive
30366
19:08:13,760 --> 19:08:14,760
and then that page is sent to the
30367
19:08:15,760 --> 19:08:16,760
printer
30368
19:08:17,600 --> 19:08:18,600
in other words instead of me sending
30369
19:08:19,512 --> 19:08:20,512
let's say i have 10 documents
30370
19:08:21,920 --> 19:08:22,920
10 pages
30371
19:08:24,400 --> 19:08:25,400
option 1 would state that all 10 go
30372
19:08:27,360 --> 19:08:28,360
immediately to the printer
30373
19:08:31,120 --> 19:08:32,120
and so i'm putting a lot of heavy
30374
19:08:32,720 --> 19:08:33,720
lifting on the printer
30375
19:08:34,800 --> 19:08:35,800
option two what we're looking at right
30376
19:08:36,240 --> 19:08:37,240
now is i have 10 documents
30377
19:08:39,280 --> 19:08:40,280
i'm going to take one of those documents
30378
19:08:41,192 --> 19:08:42,192
feed it to the hard drive
30379
19:08:43,280 --> 19:08:44,280
and then that's going to feed it
30380
19:08:45,680 --> 19:08:46,680
to the printer
30381
19:08:47,440 --> 19:08:48,440
and once that's done
30382
19:08:49,280 --> 19:08:50,280
i'll do the same thing
30383
19:08:50,872 --> 19:08:51,872
with number page number two and so on
30384
19:08:52,872 --> 19:08:53,872
and so forth
30385
19:08:56,552 --> 19:08:57,552
this is the default setting in windows
30386
19:08:58,640 --> 19:08:59,640
and it's usually the best option because
30387
19:09:00,552 --> 19:09:01,552
again i'm do i'm working i have a
30388
19:09:02,320 --> 19:09:03,320
one-page buffer zone right there's
30389
19:09:04,872 --> 19:09:05,872
always if we're if we're dealing with
30390
19:09:06,720 --> 19:09:07,720
this
30391
19:09:23,280 --> 19:09:24,280
if this is sort of our path if you will
30392
19:09:29,360 --> 19:09:30,360
and this is for this current option
30393
19:09:30,800 --> 19:09:31,800
right i'm taking one one page at a time
30394
19:09:35,120 --> 19:09:36,120
and doing all of this it's going from
30395
19:09:36,800 --> 19:09:37,800
the application to the spooler
30396
19:09:38,720 --> 19:09:39,720
from the spooler it's being saved to the
30397
19:09:40,240 --> 19:09:41,240
computer and then or from the computer
30398
19:09:42,400 --> 19:09:43,400
let's make that the hard drive
30399
19:09:46,872 --> 19:09:47,872
and then from the hard drive of the
30400
19:09:48,080 --> 19:09:49,080
computer to the printer and then we're
30401
19:09:49,680 --> 19:09:50,680
ready for another one
30402
19:09:52,000 --> 19:09:53,000
this is different
30403
19:09:54,800 --> 19:09:55,800
from
30404
19:09:56,160 --> 19:09:57,160
uh
30405
19:09:57,760 --> 19:09:58,760
the
30406
19:09:59,360 --> 19:10:00,360
next option
30407
19:10:02,480 --> 19:10:03,480
in the third case we start printing
30408
19:10:04,480 --> 19:10:05,480
after the last page is spooled so what
30409
19:10:07,040 --> 19:10:08,040
we really have is
30410
19:10:10,000 --> 19:10:11,000
i have the application
30411
19:10:12,552 --> 19:10:13,552
which feeds to the spooler
30412
19:10:16,552 --> 19:10:17,552
and then feeds to the hard drive
30413
19:10:19,280 --> 19:10:20,280
and then this feeds back to the
30414
19:10:20,960 --> 19:10:21,960
application instead
30415
19:10:22,400 --> 19:10:23,400
and once i have 10 pages then i go to
30416
19:10:25,120 --> 19:10:26,120
the printer
30417
19:10:26,160 --> 19:10:27,160
as opposed to doing one at a time
30418
19:10:28,640 --> 19:10:29,640
so the entire document is spooled to the
30419
19:10:30,800 --> 19:10:31,800
hard drive and then sent to the printer
30420
19:10:32,720 --> 19:10:33,720
the downside to this is i mean it's
30421
19:10:34,640 --> 19:10:35,640
going to take a lot longer to print and
30422
19:10:36,960 --> 19:10:37,960
i'm putting more resources on my
30423
19:10:39,120 --> 19:10:40,120
computer if i have a very large document
30424
19:10:41,040 --> 19:10:42,040
i'm not offloading one page at a time to
30425
19:10:42,872 --> 19:10:43,872
the printer
30426
19:10:44,000 --> 19:10:45,000
so you can see the why
30427
19:10:46,000 --> 19:10:47,000
this one the print spooling immediately
30428
19:10:48,960 --> 19:10:49,960
is going to be the best option
30429
19:10:51,040 --> 19:10:52,040
sometimes we want to start printing
30430
19:10:52,872 --> 19:10:53,872
after last pages spooled if friends we
30431
19:10:54,720 --> 19:10:55,720
have a very powerful computer not a very
30432
19:10:56,720 --> 19:10:57,720
powerful printer
30433
19:10:58,640 --> 19:10:59,640
although you probably need more space in
30434
19:11:00,320 --> 19:11:01,320
that printer if it's going to take a
30435
19:11:01,760 --> 19:11:02,760
larger amount of data at all at once
30436
19:11:08,000 --> 19:11:09,000
to access
30437
19:11:10,160 --> 19:11:11,160
the printer spool service we have to go
30438
19:11:13,040 --> 19:11:14,040
in through the services console or we
30439
19:11:15,360 --> 19:11:16,360
can use
30440
19:11:16,960 --> 19:11:17,960
the command prompt so we talked about uh
30441
19:11:20,000 --> 19:11:21,000
services before let's just go in and
30442
19:11:22,000 --> 19:11:23,000
take a look at this so i'm just going to
30443
19:11:23,920 --> 19:11:24,920
close out of all the printer stuff we're
30444
19:11:25,360 --> 19:11:26,360
in i'm going to open our services which
30445
19:11:27,680 --> 19:11:28,680
again remember services.msc
30446
19:11:35,040 --> 19:11:36,040
all right and here's print spooler if we
30447
19:11:36,800 --> 19:11:37,800
double click it the name of the service
30448
19:11:38,872 --> 19:11:39,872
is spooler remember that i could stop it
30449
19:11:41,280 --> 19:11:42,280
from here
30450
19:11:42,400 --> 19:11:43,400
or i could start it from here
30451
19:11:44,320 --> 19:11:45,320
this is automatically set if you notice
30452
19:11:46,240 --> 19:11:47,240
it's set to automatic stop so for some
30453
19:11:48,552 --> 19:11:49,552
reason you're not able to print go in
30454
19:11:50,480 --> 19:11:51,480
here check to make sure this is started
30455
19:11:52,160 --> 19:11:53,160
sometimes it gets shut off by accident
30456
19:11:54,160 --> 19:11:55,160
so we can either start and stop it from
30457
19:11:55,920 --> 19:11:56,920
here i'm actually going to
30458
19:11:58,400 --> 19:11:59,400
try to do it from the command line so i
30459
19:12:00,080 --> 19:12:01,080
can show you i'm gonna run as an
30460
19:12:01,360 --> 19:12:02,360
administrator
30461
19:12:05,192 --> 19:12:06,192
all right and remember we use the net
30462
19:12:08,000 --> 19:12:09,000
stop
30463
19:12:09,760 --> 19:12:10,760
spooler so i'm telling it stop the
30464
19:12:12,160 --> 19:12:13,160
spooler service
30465
19:12:15,360 --> 19:12:16,360
and now it's telling me it's stopping
30466
19:12:16,960 --> 19:12:17,960
and it's stopped if i now go back to
30467
19:12:19,040 --> 19:12:20,040
services you'll see
30468
19:12:20,872 --> 19:12:21,872
if we
30469
19:12:22,240 --> 19:12:23,240
refresh this
30470
19:12:24,400 --> 19:12:25,400
that now it is no longer started it's
30471
19:12:26,480 --> 19:12:27,480
actually off if i right click it i can
30472
19:12:28,800 --> 19:12:29,800
go to start
30473
19:12:30,800 --> 19:12:31,800
and now it looks like the principle is
30474
19:12:32,480 --> 19:12:33,480
back up and running okay now i could
30475
19:12:34,800 --> 19:12:35,800
also do that by set using net start
30476
19:12:37,920 --> 19:12:38,920
spooler
30477
19:12:39,192 --> 19:12:40,192
as opposed to net stop spooler now
30478
19:12:41,680 --> 19:12:42,680
printer pooling
30479
19:12:43,360 --> 19:12:44,360
different from printer spooling okay
30480
19:12:46,720 --> 19:12:47,720
printer pooling takes multiple physical
30481
19:12:48,800 --> 19:12:49,800
printers and combines them
30482
19:12:51,280 --> 19:12:52,280
so
30483
19:12:52,400 --> 19:12:53,400
imagine i have
30484
19:12:56,800 --> 19:12:57,800
these are each printers
30485
19:12:59,192 --> 19:13:00,192
put a little p in them
30486
19:13:02,320 --> 19:13:03,320
okay i have three printers
30487
19:13:08,480 --> 19:13:09,480
now what i'm going to do is allow these
30488
19:13:10,480 --> 19:13:11,480
to work together to create print jobs so
30489
19:13:13,440 --> 19:13:14,440
instead of having three different boxes
30490
19:13:20,640 --> 19:13:21,640
with three different cues
30491
19:13:23,600 --> 19:13:24,600
i'm gonna have one printer cue
30492
19:13:26,640 --> 19:13:27,640
that feeds three different printers
30493
19:13:29,440 --> 19:13:30,440
and
30494
19:13:30,320 --> 19:13:31,320
the computer is gonna help me determine
30495
19:13:34,160 --> 19:13:35,160
which printer should take the next print
30496
19:13:36,160 --> 19:13:37,160
job
30497
19:13:38,160 --> 19:13:39,160
because obviously i can only send it to
30498
19:13:40,400 --> 19:13:41,400
one printer at a time but let's say i
30499
19:13:42,160 --> 19:13:43,160
have three jobs that are all ready and
30500
19:13:44,000 --> 19:13:45,000
queued up now what it's going to do is
30501
19:13:45,600 --> 19:13:46,600
it can send one job to this printer one
30502
19:13:47,600 --> 19:13:48,600
job to that printer one job etc and it
30503
19:13:49,440 --> 19:13:50,440
can do what we call load balancing it is
30504
19:13:52,872 --> 19:13:53,872
going to balance the load of the print
30505
19:13:55,512 --> 19:13:56,512
jobs to all the printers
30506
19:13:58,872 --> 19:13:59,872
the way we get here and the way we can
30507
19:14:00,640 --> 19:14:01,640
do this is you go to the ports tab of
30508
19:14:03,600 --> 19:14:04,600
the properties
30509
19:14:05,760 --> 19:14:06,760
and
30510
19:14:06,400 --> 19:14:07,400
you can enable it right here under
30511
19:14:08,640 --> 19:14:09,640
enable
30512
19:14:09,920 --> 19:14:10,920
printer pooling
30513
19:14:11,760 --> 19:14:12,760
then what you can do
30514
19:14:13,512 --> 19:14:14,512
is check multiple ports to be pooled
30515
19:14:17,360 --> 19:14:18,360
so let's go ahead and open up that
30516
19:14:18,832 --> 19:14:19,832
printer devices and printers dialog box
30517
19:14:22,160 --> 19:14:23,160
i'm going to open this printer
30518
19:14:24,640 --> 19:14:25,640
i'm going to open it as an administrator
30519
19:14:27,680 --> 19:14:28,680
and then i'm going to go to properties
30520
19:14:30,080 --> 19:14:31,080
ports tab
30521
19:14:31,280 --> 19:14:32,280
now you'll notice this is on a thin
30522
19:14:34,552 --> 19:14:35,552
print port
30523
19:14:36,000 --> 19:14:37,000
i could add a port
30524
19:14:37,920 --> 19:14:38,920
like a standard tcp port would mean i'm
30525
19:14:41,280 --> 19:14:42,280
adding a port for a network printer that
30526
19:14:43,600 --> 19:14:44,600
has an ip address we'll talk about ip
30527
19:14:45,192 --> 19:14:46,192
addresses in a bit when we get to
30528
19:14:46,640 --> 19:14:47,640
networking but i have a standard ip port
30529
19:14:51,040 --> 19:14:52,040
and let's say i create five of them one
30530
19:14:52,800 --> 19:14:53,800
for each printer because each printer
30531
19:14:54,320 --> 19:14:55,320
has its own ip address
30532
19:14:56,640 --> 19:14:57,640
now what i do is i can enable printer
30533
19:14:58,552 --> 19:14:59,552
pooling and select all of those ip
30534
19:15:01,120 --> 19:15:02,120
addresses
30535
19:15:02,640 --> 19:15:03,640
i click ok and now i have one logical
30536
19:15:05,832 --> 19:15:06,832
printer pointing to five physical
30537
19:15:08,400 --> 19:15:09,400
printers
30538
19:15:09,760 --> 19:15:10,760
so that's how we do printer spooling
30539
19:15:14,160 --> 19:15:15,160
now sharing printers is different is a
30540
19:15:16,240 --> 19:15:17,240
different thing altogether once i've
30541
19:15:18,640 --> 19:15:19,640
mapped a printer i want to hopefully be
30542
19:15:20,872 --> 19:15:21,872
able to share it with others whether
30543
19:15:22,000 --> 19:15:23,000
it's on a server or on a local computer
30544
19:15:25,192 --> 19:15:26,192
a networked printer must be shared so
30545
19:15:27,600 --> 19:15:28,600
that other users can send the jobs to it
30546
19:15:29,600 --> 19:15:30,600
if it's not shared out then only the
30547
19:15:31,600 --> 19:15:32,600
local user can send jobs to it
30548
19:15:34,080 --> 19:15:35,080
now first the first thing we have to do
30549
19:15:36,160 --> 19:15:37,160
is we have to enable printer sharing and
30550
19:15:38,720 --> 19:15:39,720
file sharing in general you can see here
30551
19:15:42,872 --> 19:15:43,872
on the file and print sharing dialog box
30552
19:15:45,680 --> 19:15:46,680
we can turn on or turn off file printer
30553
19:15:48,000 --> 19:15:49,000
we need to make sure it is on so it's
30554
19:15:49,680 --> 19:15:50,680
file and print sharing and the way we
30555
19:15:51,440 --> 19:15:52,440
get there is by going to advanced
30556
19:15:53,440 --> 19:15:54,440
sharing settings out of the network
30557
19:15:55,192 --> 19:15:56,192
sharing center and if we go over just
30558
19:15:57,760 --> 19:15:58,760
for a second now we can um access the
30559
19:16:01,120 --> 19:16:02,120
control panel
30560
19:16:02,960 --> 19:16:03,960
the network and sharing center
30561
19:16:05,760 --> 19:16:06,760
advanced sharing settings and here we
30562
19:16:07,920 --> 19:16:08,920
know turn on file and print sharing
30563
19:16:10,800 --> 19:16:11,800
so once that's turned on and it's it's
30564
19:16:13,512 --> 19:16:14,512
called network connections by the way in
30565
19:16:15,360 --> 19:16:16,360
windows xp which i don't have
30566
19:16:17,680 --> 19:16:18,680
right here to show you but if you're
30567
19:16:19,512 --> 19:16:20,512
looking for file and print sharing it's
30568
19:16:21,280 --> 19:16:22,280
going to be also in the advanced adapter
30569
19:16:24,000 --> 19:16:25,000
settings or advanced advanced sharing
30570
19:16:25,920 --> 19:16:26,920
settings but in the network connections
30571
19:16:28,400 --> 19:16:29,400
area
30572
19:16:30,320 --> 19:16:31,320
once that's done then you have to share
30573
19:16:32,720 --> 19:16:33,720
out the actual printer so if we go back
30574
19:16:35,920 --> 19:16:36,920
i've enabled
30575
19:16:37,440 --> 19:16:38,440
all file and print sharing
30576
19:16:39,600 --> 19:16:40,600
now i'm going to go into devices and
30577
19:16:41,280 --> 19:16:42,280
printers
30578
19:16:43,040 --> 19:16:44,040
and i'm going to right click
30579
19:16:46,240 --> 19:16:47,240
excuse me i'm going to
30580
19:16:48,400 --> 19:16:49,400
right click and go to printer properties
30581
19:16:50,800 --> 19:16:51,800
this brings me to the same place where i
30582
19:16:52,552 --> 19:16:53,552
was if i double click and go to
30583
19:16:55,040 --> 19:16:56,040
properties
30584
19:16:56,320 --> 19:16:57,320
notice by the way i just want to point
30585
19:16:57,680 --> 19:16:58,680
this out while i'm here
30586
19:16:59,040 --> 19:17:00,040
printer properties or printing
30587
19:17:00,720 --> 19:17:01,720
properties
30588
19:17:02,080 --> 19:17:03,080
is different from the regular properties
30589
19:17:04,000 --> 19:17:05,000
properties doesn't really give you a
30590
19:17:05,192 --> 19:17:06,192
whole lot okay so what we're looking at
30591
19:17:07,360 --> 19:17:08,360
is printer properties
30592
19:17:10,480 --> 19:17:11,480
and here there's a sharing tab in which
30593
19:17:12,640 --> 19:17:13,640
case i would then
30594
19:17:15,280 --> 19:17:16,280
share this printer out and give it a
30595
19:17:17,040 --> 19:17:18,040
shared name
30596
19:17:19,192 --> 19:17:20,192
i can also choose whether to render
30597
19:17:20,552 --> 19:17:21,552
print jobs on the client computers or on
30598
19:17:22,160 --> 19:17:23,160
this computer so in other words who's
30599
19:17:23,760 --> 19:17:24,760
doing the spooling are you doing the
30600
19:17:25,760 --> 19:17:26,760
spooling sending the file over to me and
30601
19:17:28,400 --> 19:17:29,400
then i'll send it over to the hard drive
30602
19:17:30,080 --> 19:17:31,080
or are you going to send the file to me
30603
19:17:31,920 --> 19:17:32,920
and then i'm going to spool it and send
30604
19:17:33,360 --> 19:17:34,360
it to the hard drive
30605
19:17:34,720 --> 19:17:35,720
okay you share the printer out you give
30606
19:17:36,552 --> 19:17:37,552
it a name whatever the name is that's
30607
19:17:38,480 --> 19:17:39,480
what you will share it out to all the
30608
19:17:40,000 --> 19:17:41,000
computers with and once you share
30609
19:17:41,760 --> 19:17:42,760
something it generally has
30610
19:17:44,320 --> 19:17:45,320
an xp little hand underneath it in this
30611
19:17:46,720 --> 19:17:47,720
case two little people
30612
19:17:48,552 --> 19:17:49,552
again that's right-clicking going to
30613
19:17:50,000 --> 19:17:51,000
printer properties we're going to the
30614
19:17:51,680 --> 19:17:52,680
print tab going to printer properties
30615
19:17:53,600 --> 19:17:54,600
and in sharing
30616
19:17:55,360 --> 19:17:56,360
you can uncheck or check share this
30617
19:17:57,120 --> 19:17:58,120
printer by the way while i'm there
30618
19:17:59,832 --> 19:18:00,832
i just noticed something i want to show
30619
19:18:01,120 --> 19:18:02,120
you
30620
19:18:03,512 --> 19:18:04,512
if i'm sharing with multiple different
30621
19:18:05,440 --> 19:18:06,440
types of computers you can actually add
30622
19:18:08,320 --> 19:18:09,320
different drivers so if i have an xp
30623
19:18:10,960 --> 19:18:11,960
computer i'm sharing from windows 7
30624
19:18:13,192 --> 19:18:14,192
computer but i'm sharing with some
30625
19:18:14,720 --> 19:18:15,720
people who might have xp i want to put
30626
19:18:16,872 --> 19:18:17,872
the xp drivers on the server that way
30627
19:18:20,240 --> 19:18:21,240
they can install the printer fairly
30628
19:18:22,000 --> 19:18:23,000
easily
30629
19:18:24,552 --> 19:18:25,552
printer permissions so
30630
19:18:26,640 --> 19:18:27,640
i'm giving i'm networked my printer i
30631
19:18:28,400 --> 19:18:29,400
want to give other people access to it i
30632
19:18:30,640 --> 19:18:31,640
can now on the security tab same place
30633
19:18:33,040 --> 19:18:34,040
we were i can set the permissions of
30634
19:18:35,512 --> 19:18:36,512
each user so here's me on my own
30635
19:18:38,080 --> 19:18:39,080
computer and administrators obviously
30636
19:18:39,832 --> 19:18:40,832
which is a group and you can see i have
30637
19:18:41,760 --> 19:18:42,760
permissions to print manage manage
30638
19:18:44,240 --> 19:18:45,240
documents special permissions etc
30639
19:18:47,192 --> 19:18:48,192
um special permissions by the way that
30640
19:18:48,872 --> 19:18:49,872
would be going into advanced and
30641
19:18:50,480 --> 19:18:51,480
choosing some of these advanced things
30642
19:18:52,640 --> 19:18:53,640
but let's say i have donna i can add
30643
19:18:55,040 --> 19:18:56,040
donna and maybe i want to give her the
30644
19:18:56,872 --> 19:18:57,872
permission to print but i don't want her
30645
19:18:59,600 --> 19:19:00,600
to manage printer or documents i wanted
30646
19:19:01,760 --> 19:19:02,760
to contact an administrator and again if
30647
19:19:04,800 --> 19:19:05,800
we're here we're gonna go to printer
30648
19:19:05,920 --> 19:19:06,920
prep properties
30649
19:19:07,680 --> 19:19:08,680
i'm gonna go to security
30650
19:19:10,872 --> 19:19:11,872
and here i have the options for
30651
19:19:14,320 --> 19:19:15,320
the different users
30652
19:19:15,920 --> 19:19:16,920
i'm not logged in as an administrator
30653
19:19:17,680 --> 19:19:18,680
right now so let's actually do that so
30654
19:19:20,400 --> 19:19:21,400
we can take a look and play with this
30655
19:19:22,800 --> 19:19:23,800
open administrator printer properties
30656
19:19:26,000 --> 19:19:27,000
okay we go to security
30657
19:19:28,800 --> 19:19:29,800
and now i could for instance say i don't
30658
19:19:30,640 --> 19:19:31,640
want
30659
19:19:32,000 --> 19:19:33,000
administrators have to be able to do
30660
19:19:33,512 --> 19:19:34,512
everything but let's say i wanted to add
30661
19:19:35,440 --> 19:19:36,440
another user
30662
19:19:37,280 --> 19:19:38,280
um
30663
19:19:41,440 --> 19:19:42,440
or another group for instance
30664
19:19:44,720 --> 19:19:45,720
i could type in the name of that group
30665
19:19:47,120 --> 19:19:48,120
if we had guests or something
30666
19:19:49,120 --> 19:19:50,120
so here's the guest i've just added
30667
19:19:51,040 --> 19:19:52,040
that's a user
30668
19:19:52,400 --> 19:19:53,400
and they have permission to print but
30669
19:19:54,000 --> 19:19:55,000
not to manage or to manage documents
30670
19:19:56,320 --> 19:19:57,320
managing the printer would allow them
30671
19:19:57,680 --> 19:19:58,680
for instance to add the printer to
30672
19:19:58,800 --> 19:19:59,800
someone else's computer managing
30673
19:20:00,552 --> 19:20:01,552
documents allows them to delete specific
30674
19:20:02,552 --> 19:20:03,552
documents that are queued up to print
30675
19:20:05,680 --> 19:20:06,680
so you can set what it is they're
30676
19:20:07,120 --> 19:20:08,120
allowed to do on the printer in here
30677
19:20:11,760 --> 19:20:12,760
we'd only have to deal with
30678
19:20:13,360 --> 19:20:14,360
users by the way we can also deal with
30679
19:20:14,872 --> 19:20:15,872
whole groups of people and sometimes
30680
19:20:16,720 --> 19:20:17,720
what you'll do is you'll say
30681
19:20:19,512 --> 19:20:20,512
this gets into more networking
30682
19:20:21,760 --> 19:20:22,760
network plus as well but what you would
30683
19:20:24,080 --> 19:20:25,080
do is create an administrator's group in
30684
19:20:26,720 --> 19:20:27,720
which you can add people so then instead
30685
19:20:28,960 --> 19:20:29,960
of having to every time i have a new
30686
19:20:30,480 --> 19:20:31,480
employee add donna into this printer
30687
19:20:32,720 --> 19:20:33,720
security area i would add her to the
30688
19:20:35,120 --> 19:20:36,120
administrators group
30689
19:20:38,240 --> 19:20:39,240
uh and again we talked about you print
30690
19:20:40,960 --> 19:20:41,960
manage printers and manage documents the
30691
19:20:42,720 --> 19:20:43,720
difference in managing printer and
30692
19:20:44,240 --> 19:20:45,240
managing documents being one you can
30693
19:20:46,160 --> 19:20:47,160
delete the documents on the printer the
30694
19:20:48,000 --> 19:20:49,000
other one you can actually manage the
30695
19:20:49,192 --> 19:20:50,192
printer go into the properties check out
30696
19:20:51,680 --> 19:20:52,680
who can share who can be
30697
19:20:53,760 --> 19:20:54,760
you know what it's shared as what the
30698
19:20:55,192 --> 19:20:56,192
advanced rights the color management etc
30699
19:21:00,080 --> 19:21:01,080
so separator pages also on the advanced
30700
19:21:02,720 --> 19:21:03,720
tab also from that properties area and
30701
19:21:05,280 --> 19:21:06,280
this is going to help users find the
30702
19:21:06,872 --> 19:21:07,872
start and end points of their print job
30703
19:21:09,192 --> 19:21:10,192
so if i have
30704
19:21:11,192 --> 19:21:12,192
five
30705
19:21:12,400 --> 19:21:13,400
five fifty five hundred users using the
30706
19:21:15,040 --> 19:21:16,040
same printer how do they know when their
30707
19:21:16,872 --> 19:21:17,872
sprint job ends and someone else's
30708
19:21:18,552 --> 19:21:19,552
begins well we put a separator page in
30709
19:21:21,192 --> 19:21:22,192
between those
30710
19:21:22,720 --> 19:21:23,720
and it might be a blank piece of paper
30711
19:21:24,640 --> 19:21:25,640
or a paper with the name the username of
30712
19:21:27,280 --> 19:21:28,280
the person who printed so that way they
30713
19:21:28,552 --> 19:21:29,552
can locate their stuff or the location
30714
19:21:31,192 --> 19:21:32,192
of the printer whatever it is
30715
19:21:33,360 --> 19:21:34,360
the way we get to these again we go to
30716
19:21:35,192 --> 19:21:36,192
the advanced tab if we scroll over here
30717
19:21:37,440 --> 19:21:38,440
for a second
30718
19:21:40,552 --> 19:21:41,552
on the advanced tab you click at the
30719
19:21:42,960 --> 19:21:43,960
bottom
30720
19:21:43,832 --> 19:21:44,832
separator page and now you could browse
30721
19:21:46,320 --> 19:21:47,320
for different separator pages
30722
19:21:48,800 --> 19:21:49,800
there are some of them are located on
30723
19:21:50,400 --> 19:21:51,400
your computer
30724
19:21:51,760 --> 19:21:52,760
you can see right here system print ps
30725
19:21:54,240 --> 19:21:55,240
script etc
30726
19:21:56,000 --> 19:21:57,000
so there are some built in
30727
19:21:58,240 --> 19:21:59,240
to your computer however you know
30728
19:22:00,400 --> 19:22:01,400
sometimes you don't want to have one at
30729
19:22:01,600 --> 19:22:02,600
all in which case you'd make this blank
30730
19:22:03,280 --> 19:22:04,280
you can also download some off the
30731
19:22:04,720 --> 19:22:05,720
internet
30732
19:22:06,160 --> 19:22:07,160
either way you can play around and find
30733
19:22:07,680 --> 19:22:08,680
the right one for whatever not really
30734
19:22:09,440 --> 19:22:10,440
useful for home users unless you have
30735
19:22:11,512 --> 19:22:12,512
multiple people printing to one network
30736
19:22:14,320 --> 19:22:15,320
printer
30737
19:22:18,960 --> 19:22:19,960
and as we mentioned it can be added from
30738
19:22:20,720 --> 19:22:21,720
the advanced tab
30739
19:22:24,320 --> 19:22:25,320
so finally i just want to talk about
30740
19:22:25,760 --> 19:22:26,760
briefly some troubleshooting stuff
30741
19:22:29,192 --> 19:22:30,192
when you're working with printers always
30742
19:22:30,800 --> 19:22:31,800
try to keep them clean they get dirty
30743
19:22:32,872 --> 19:22:33,872
not only from toner and ink
30744
19:22:34,800 --> 19:22:35,800
but also from
30745
19:22:36,800 --> 19:22:37,800
dust etc
30746
19:22:38,960 --> 19:22:39,960
you can use printer maintenance kins
30747
19:22:41,920 --> 19:22:42,920
let me say that again
30748
19:22:43,360 --> 19:22:44,360
maintenance kits which are provided by
30749
19:22:45,440 --> 19:22:46,440
the manufacturer
30750
19:22:47,440 --> 19:22:48,440
um
30751
19:22:51,832 --> 19:22:52,832
and especially for laser printers these
30752
19:22:53,920 --> 19:22:54,920
are going to include fusers roller
30753
19:22:56,000 --> 19:22:57,000
separation pads to help keep
30754
19:22:59,040 --> 19:23:00,040
rollers from hitting each other and
30755
19:23:00,872 --> 19:23:01,872
instructions on how to use all these
30756
19:23:02,480 --> 19:23:03,480
sometimes it'll also include toner you
30757
19:23:04,400 --> 19:23:05,400
will want to memorize what is in a
30758
19:23:07,192 --> 19:23:08,192
maintenance kit and what isn't in a
30759
19:23:09,360 --> 19:23:10,360
maintenance kit because i do see that
30760
19:23:10,720 --> 19:23:11,720
pop up in the exam for instance the
30761
19:23:13,512 --> 19:23:14,512
corona wire is not in the maintenance
30762
19:23:15,280 --> 19:23:16,280
kit drums
30763
19:23:16,800 --> 19:23:17,800
are generally not in the maintenance kit
30764
19:23:20,080 --> 19:23:21,080
that's sort of a little bigger that's
30765
19:23:21,680 --> 19:23:22,680
not a field replaceable unit most of
30766
19:23:23,440 --> 19:23:24,440
these are fru's field replaceable units
30767
19:23:27,040 --> 19:23:28,040
this is important i see this on the exam
30768
19:23:29,440 --> 19:23:30,440
when you finish installing a maintenance
30769
19:23:31,512 --> 19:23:32,512
kit
30770
19:23:32,480 --> 19:23:33,480
reset the maintenance print count this
30771
19:23:34,872 --> 19:23:35,872
is because
30772
19:23:36,872 --> 19:23:37,872
uh
30773
19:23:37,920 --> 19:23:38,920
and i'll mention the vacuum in a second
30774
19:23:39,600 --> 19:23:40,600
but this is because
30775
19:23:42,320 --> 19:23:43,320
the printer let's say is supposed to
30776
19:23:45,192 --> 19:23:46,192
be maintenanced after a hundred thousand
30777
19:23:47,360 --> 19:23:48,360
prints so every 100 000 prints you have
30778
19:23:49,512 --> 19:23:50,512
to call the maintenance guy to come out
30779
19:23:50,872 --> 19:23:51,872
and do a maintenance kit or they're
30780
19:23:52,240 --> 19:23:53,240
calling you to do that right
30781
19:23:54,400 --> 19:23:55,400
as a result you need to make sure
30782
19:23:57,440 --> 19:23:58,440
that
30783
19:23:58,640 --> 19:23:59,640
you have an accurate count of how many
30784
19:24:00,320 --> 19:24:01,320
printers uh how many things have been
30785
19:24:02,080 --> 19:24:03,080
printed on that printer so you always
30786
19:24:03,920 --> 19:24:04,920
after you finish maintaining putting in
30787
19:24:05,832 --> 19:24:06,832
a maintenance kit into the printer
30788
19:24:07,760 --> 19:24:08,760
you're replacing the fuser you're
30789
19:24:09,360 --> 19:24:10,360
replacing the rollers
30790
19:24:11,760 --> 19:24:12,760
reset the print count which can also be
30791
19:24:14,480 --> 19:24:15,480
called the maintenance count but i
30792
19:24:15,440 --> 19:24:16,440
generally see it as the print count you
30793
19:24:17,192 --> 19:24:18,192
also might want to have a vacuum
30794
19:24:18,320 --> 19:24:19,320
available for toner spill and a can of
30795
19:24:20,552 --> 19:24:21,552
compressed air
30796
19:24:22,080 --> 19:24:23,080
to
30797
19:24:23,120 --> 19:24:24,120
blow out any obstructions
30798
19:24:25,120 --> 19:24:26,120
in the vents thanks to dust
30799
19:24:29,120 --> 19:24:30,120
all right so we've talked about print
30800
19:24:31,040 --> 19:24:32,040
jobs in print management we looked at
30801
19:24:33,192 --> 19:24:34,192
printer priority
30802
19:24:35,280 --> 19:24:36,280
uh 1 through 99 the reason we would want
30803
19:24:37,512 --> 19:24:38,512
to do that for instance give managers
30804
19:24:40,240 --> 19:24:41,240
a higher print priority
30805
19:24:42,240 --> 19:24:43,240
than accountants for instance
30806
19:24:45,360 --> 19:24:46,360
right they would get the 99 they would
30807
19:24:46,960 --> 19:24:47,960
get the one print spooling there are
30808
19:24:49,040 --> 19:24:50,040
three options here the first is
30809
19:24:52,000 --> 19:24:53,000
just go to the printer
30810
19:24:57,280 --> 19:24:58,280
the second
30811
19:25:00,552 --> 19:25:01,552
is its print immediately
30812
19:25:11,120 --> 19:25:12,120
and the third is
30813
19:25:13,192 --> 19:25:14,192
um
30814
19:25:14,320 --> 19:25:15,320
you're also spooling it
30815
19:25:16,552 --> 19:25:17,552
but all pages
30816
19:25:18,960 --> 19:25:19,960
so you wait to spool all the pages and
30817
19:25:20,720 --> 19:25:21,720
remember spooling basically means i'm
30818
19:25:22,640 --> 19:25:23,640
saving it from
30819
19:25:24,000 --> 19:25:25,000
uh the app
30820
19:25:25,832 --> 19:25:26,832
to the hard drive and then to the
30821
19:25:28,400 --> 19:25:29,400
printer
30822
19:25:29,760 --> 19:25:30,760
as opposed to
30823
19:25:31,600 --> 19:25:32,600
not spooling which would just do app to
30824
19:25:33,680 --> 19:25:34,680
the printer
30825
19:25:35,040 --> 19:25:36,040
printer pooling which is using multiple
30826
19:25:37,440 --> 19:25:38,440
printers
30827
19:25:41,680 --> 19:25:42,680
to load balance
30828
19:25:47,192 --> 19:25:48,192
talk about how you share printers you
30829
19:25:48,800 --> 19:25:49,800
can do that from the sharing tab
30830
19:25:51,680 --> 19:25:52,680
printer permissions which is related to
30831
19:25:53,680 --> 19:25:54,680
sharing and that's from the security tab
30832
19:25:58,000 --> 19:25:59,000
separator pages from the advanced tab
30833
19:26:01,192 --> 19:26:02,192
separate the print jobs and then
30834
19:26:03,040 --> 19:26:04,040
troubleshooting printers the biggest
30835
19:26:04,872 --> 19:26:05,872
thing i see other than everything we've
30836
19:26:06,800 --> 19:26:07,800
talked about here
30837
19:26:08,552 --> 19:26:09,552
with physical troubleshooting
30838
19:26:10,872 --> 19:26:11,872
is those reset of the kit okay other
30839
19:26:14,800 --> 19:26:15,800
things i have seen have been
30840
19:26:17,192 --> 19:26:18,192
network related which we've talked about
30841
19:26:19,280 --> 19:26:20,280
or that
30842
19:26:20,800 --> 19:26:21,800
the top print job
30843
19:26:24,080 --> 19:26:25,080
is corrupted or cancelled or paused
30844
19:26:27,280 --> 19:26:28,280
and therefore all the other print jobs
30845
19:26:29,600 --> 19:26:30,600
are getting
30846
19:26:31,040 --> 19:26:32,040
stuck because this one is is a
30847
19:26:33,040 --> 19:26:34,040
bottleneck
30848
19:26:34,872 --> 19:26:35,872
all right
30849
19:26:36,320 --> 19:26:37,320
we've talked about printers now let's
30850
19:26:38,480 --> 19:26:39,480
move into some a little more in-depth
30851
19:26:40,872 --> 19:26:41,872
area of networking
30852
19:26:46,790 --> 19:26:47,790
[Music]
30853
19:27:04,080 --> 19:27:05,080
welcome to module 18 lesson 3a laser
30854
19:27:06,720 --> 19:27:07,720
printer maintenance which is one of the
30855
19:27:08,480 --> 19:27:09,480
new
30856
19:27:09,600 --> 19:27:10,600
subjects for the exam
30857
19:27:11,680 --> 19:27:12,680
introduction to laser printer
30858
19:27:13,280 --> 19:27:14,280
maintenance replacing toner applying the
30859
19:27:16,240 --> 19:27:17,240
maintenance kit
30860
19:27:17,760 --> 19:27:18,760
the maintenance kit
30861
19:27:20,240 --> 19:27:21,240
calibration and cleaning
30862
19:27:22,872 --> 19:27:23,872
so this as i said it's a new item in the
30863
19:27:25,600 --> 19:27:26,600
syllabus we've needed to know about
30864
19:27:28,160 --> 19:27:29,160
uh printers ever since the a plus
30865
19:27:31,440 --> 19:27:32,440
exam started
30866
19:27:33,192 --> 19:27:34,192
but as the pc engineer for a company you
30867
19:27:36,960 --> 19:27:37,960
may well be expected to carry out
30868
19:27:39,280 --> 19:27:40,280
some routine maintenance
30869
19:27:41,512 --> 19:27:42,512
the bigger companies will generally have
30870
19:27:43,040 --> 19:27:44,040
a maintenance contract with
30871
19:27:46,000 --> 19:27:47,000
the manufacturers however there may be a
30872
19:27:49,040 --> 19:27:50,040
certain amount of maintenance that
30873
19:27:50,400 --> 19:27:51,400
you're expected to do or
30874
19:27:52,400 --> 19:27:53,400
you may just have the whole job for the
30875
19:27:54,400 --> 19:27:55,400
company
30876
19:27:55,920 --> 19:27:56,920
so like any other machine with moving
30877
19:27:57,832 --> 19:27:58,832
parts and parts that wear out and need
30878
19:28:00,080 --> 19:28:01,080
replacing
30879
19:28:01,440 --> 19:28:02,440
laser printers require maintenance they
30880
19:28:03,440 --> 19:28:04,440
come in all shapes and sizes however
30881
19:28:06,320 --> 19:28:07,320
generally there's some maintenance
30882
19:28:07,832 --> 19:28:08,832
techniques that apply to all laser
30883
19:28:10,000 --> 19:28:11,000
printers
30884
19:28:12,160 --> 19:28:13,160
obviously it
30885
19:28:13,760 --> 19:28:14,760
ensures the printer runs correctly for
30886
19:28:15,832 --> 19:28:16,832
everyone reduced downtime reduced
30887
19:28:17,920 --> 19:28:18,920
outages and paper jams and that kind of
30888
19:28:20,552 --> 19:28:21,552
thing
30889
19:28:22,240 --> 19:28:23,240
all their laser printers have one or
30890
19:28:23,760 --> 19:28:24,760
more toner cartridges
30891
19:28:25,760 --> 19:28:26,760
toners of black powder
30892
19:28:28,480 --> 19:28:29,480
now normally you'll see a message on the
30893
19:28:30,240 --> 19:28:31,240
printer when the toner has to be
30894
19:28:31,920 --> 19:28:32,920
replaced
30895
19:28:33,600 --> 19:28:34,600
when you see a low toner message it
30896
19:28:35,360 --> 19:28:36,360
doesn't actually mean immediately
30897
19:28:36,872 --> 19:28:37,872
replace it it just means it's low
30898
19:28:39,120 --> 19:28:40,120
what most people do is
30899
19:28:41,360 --> 19:28:42,360
carry on using it until it
30900
19:28:44,640 --> 19:28:45,640
stops fading on the page
30901
19:28:46,640 --> 19:28:47,640
the other thing is people do and all
30902
19:28:48,400 --> 19:28:49,400
engineers do is take out the toner
30903
19:28:49,920 --> 19:28:50,920
cartridge give it a shake
30904
19:28:52,320 --> 19:28:53,320
put it back in and then carry on using
30905
19:28:54,320 --> 19:28:55,320
it
30906
19:28:55,280 --> 19:28:56,280
and then when it starts to fade that's
30907
19:28:57,040 --> 19:28:58,040
the time to actually replace the toner
30908
19:28:59,360 --> 19:29:00,360
cartridge
30909
19:29:01,120 --> 19:29:02,120
and before you actually do that make
30910
19:29:02,640 --> 19:29:03,640
sure the printer is powered off by
30911
19:29:04,000 --> 19:29:05,000
unplugging the power cable check the
30912
19:29:05,832 --> 19:29:06,832
documentation anyway for more
30913
19:29:08,320 --> 19:29:09,320
instructions and more details on that
30914
19:29:10,080 --> 19:29:11,080
what's safe and not safe to do
30915
19:29:12,960 --> 19:29:13,960
during the tone of related maintenance
30916
19:29:14,800 --> 19:29:15,800
and generally you switch off the fans
30917
19:29:17,440 --> 19:29:18,440
and air conditioning because you don't
30918
19:29:19,600 --> 19:29:20,600
want the particles from the toner
30919
19:29:21,360 --> 19:29:22,360
cartridge to be airborne because um
30920
19:29:24,080 --> 19:29:25,080
they're not safe
30921
19:29:25,512 --> 19:29:26,512
to be breathed in
30922
19:29:27,040 --> 19:29:28,040
pretty toxic actually
30923
19:29:28,872 --> 19:29:29,872
toner cartridge could either be on top
30924
19:29:30,800 --> 19:29:31,800
or on the front of the laser printer and
30925
19:29:32,872 --> 19:29:33,872
that it normally clicks into place and
30926
19:29:35,360 --> 19:29:36,360
there's normally a little flap you'll
30927
19:29:37,192 --> 19:29:38,192
press up or down or slide in order to
30928
19:29:39,832 --> 19:29:40,832
remove it from its
30929
19:29:42,832 --> 19:29:43,832
housing if the toner drum are separate
30930
19:29:45,680 --> 19:29:46,680
units in the printer then you may have
30931
19:29:47,192 --> 19:29:48,192
to press a button that's what i just
30932
19:29:48,872 --> 19:29:49,872
said
30933
19:29:49,760 --> 19:29:50,760
new toner may have a protective plastic
30934
19:29:52,320 --> 19:29:53,320
layer that's a good point also sometimes
30935
19:29:54,640 --> 19:29:55,640
there's a strip that you have to pull or
30936
19:29:57,360 --> 19:29:58,360
peel off so again double check otherwise
30937
19:30:00,080 --> 19:30:01,080
you could have problems it could
30938
19:30:01,192 --> 19:30:02,192
actually melt or cause issues
30939
19:30:05,280 --> 19:30:06,280
after you close the printout you'll
30940
19:30:06,640 --> 19:30:07,640
probably want to print a test page which
30941
19:30:08,160 --> 19:30:09,160
most printers will
30942
19:30:09,920 --> 19:30:10,920
ask you to do or force you to do or do
30943
19:30:12,080 --> 19:30:13,080
automatically
30944
19:30:14,160 --> 19:30:15,160
the maintenance kit based on you use
30945
19:30:16,320 --> 19:30:17,320
this pattern you may have to apply a
30946
19:30:17,600 --> 19:30:18,600
regular maintenance kit to ensure smooth
30947
19:30:19,832 --> 19:30:20,832
function of the printer because parts
30948
19:30:22,480 --> 19:30:23,480
wear out due to wear and tear and over
30949
19:30:25,120 --> 19:30:26,120
time
30950
19:30:26,480 --> 19:30:27,480
for example you can schedule a
30951
19:30:27,760 --> 19:30:28,760
maintenance had a predetermined page
30952
19:30:29,760 --> 19:30:30,760
count
30953
19:30:30,720 --> 19:30:31,720
and that the higher models are printers
30954
19:30:32,960 --> 19:30:33,960
the more expensive ones will have a
30955
19:30:35,192 --> 19:30:36,192
a little counter on there or the
30956
19:30:36,552 --> 19:30:37,552
software or showing on the
30957
19:30:38,832 --> 19:30:39,832
printer you should power off the laser
30958
19:30:40,800 --> 19:30:41,800
printer remove the power cable and let
30959
19:30:42,480 --> 19:30:43,480
it cool off for at least one hour before
30960
19:30:44,552 --> 19:30:45,552
you begin maintenance obviously if it's
30961
19:30:47,360 --> 19:30:48,360
a larger company you'll need to
30962
19:30:50,480 --> 19:30:51,480
do a change request and
30963
19:30:53,120 --> 19:30:54,120
inform people that the printer isn't
30964
19:30:54,480 --> 19:30:55,480
working you may well need to disable
30965
19:30:56,640 --> 19:30:57,640
print jobs to that printer otherwise the
30966
19:30:59,120 --> 19:31:00,120
print queue can become
30967
19:31:00,872 --> 19:31:01,872
full and when you um enable it
30968
19:31:03,760 --> 19:31:04,760
it'll print off all those jobs and
30969
19:31:05,760 --> 19:31:06,760
people may have sent those jobs to other
30970
19:31:07,440 --> 19:31:08,440
printers so it's all duplicated
30971
19:31:11,192 --> 19:31:12,192
your typical laser printer consists of
30972
19:31:13,280 --> 19:31:14,280
user replaceable parts such as the
30973
19:31:15,192 --> 19:31:16,192
pickup rollers the transfer roller and
30974
19:31:17,280 --> 19:31:18,280
the fusee unit
30975
19:31:19,680 --> 19:31:20,680
the paper pickup rollers are used to
30976
19:31:21,360 --> 19:31:22,360
pick and feed the paper to the printer
30977
19:31:24,480 --> 19:31:25,480
obviously the removing part and they've
30978
19:31:26,640 --> 19:31:27,640
got rubber on them so it does wear and
30979
19:31:28,552 --> 19:31:29,552
tear so you may um
30980
19:31:30,872 --> 19:31:31,872
you may need to use
30981
19:31:32,720 --> 19:31:33,720
uh replace them it's recommended to use
30982
19:31:35,192 --> 19:31:36,192
manufacturer's parts because of the
30983
19:31:37,120 --> 19:31:38,120
warranty
30984
19:31:39,192 --> 19:31:40,192
the transfer roller's positioned right
30985
19:31:40,872 --> 19:31:41,872
below the toner cartridge it becomes
30986
19:31:42,640 --> 19:31:43,640
electrically charged during the printing
30987
19:31:44,720 --> 19:31:45,720
process
30988
19:31:45,760 --> 19:31:46,760
as the paper passes through the drum
30989
19:31:48,400 --> 19:31:49,400
the toner from the drum is transferred
30990
19:31:49,920 --> 19:31:50,920
to the paper
30991
19:31:53,192 --> 19:31:54,192
now due to wear and tear the roller
30992
19:31:55,280 --> 19:31:56,280
degrades over time
30993
19:31:56,872 --> 19:31:57,872
same with all the hair rubber rollers on
30994
19:31:58,960 --> 19:31:59,960
printers now don't touch the new
30995
19:32:00,960 --> 19:32:01,960
transfer rally with your bare hands
30996
19:32:02,480 --> 19:32:03,480
because the grease on your skin can
30997
19:32:05,040 --> 19:32:06,040
cause defects in the print quality
30998
19:32:09,040 --> 19:32:10,040
nothing worse than causing a problem
30999
19:32:11,920 --> 19:32:12,920
since the fuser unit uses heat and
31000
19:32:13,600 --> 19:32:14,600
pressure it's also subject to mechanical
31001
19:32:16,080 --> 19:32:17,080
wear and tear and electrical failure
31002
19:32:18,800 --> 19:32:19,800
after you've installed the maintenance
31003
19:32:20,240 --> 19:32:21,240
kit you should reset the page count on
31004
19:32:22,080 --> 19:32:23,080
the printer so you may well have to do
31005
19:32:24,080 --> 19:32:25,080
this manually
31006
19:32:26,240 --> 19:32:27,240
and otherwise it's going to lead to
31007
19:32:27,600 --> 19:32:28,600
problems and false messages for
31008
19:32:29,440 --> 19:32:30,440
servicing and
31009
19:32:30,832 --> 19:32:31,832
replacement
31010
19:32:32,800 --> 19:32:33,800
a calibration is a printer function used
31011
19:32:34,800 --> 19:32:35,800
to optimize the print quality normally
31012
19:32:37,040 --> 19:32:38,040
comes with a software
31013
19:32:39,512 --> 19:32:40,512
after you do your maintenance um
31014
19:32:42,720 --> 19:32:43,720
do a calibration such as
31015
19:32:45,040 --> 19:32:46,040
you could have replaced the toner or
31016
19:32:46,872 --> 19:32:47,872
applied the maintenance kit
31017
19:32:50,640 --> 19:32:51,640
another it's one of your troubleshooting
31018
19:32:52,320 --> 19:32:53,320
steps is to carry out printer
31019
19:32:53,832 --> 19:32:54,832
maintenance for whatever reason things
31020
19:32:55,600 --> 19:32:56,600
can be blurry or the pages aren't
31021
19:32:57,832 --> 19:32:58,832
aligned correctly or the ink isn't being
31022
19:32:59,920 --> 19:33:00,920
correctly used so you can do maintenance
31023
19:33:02,800 --> 19:33:03,800
and carry out maintenance usually takes
31024
19:33:04,960 --> 19:33:05,960
a few minutes and then the printer
31025
19:33:06,720 --> 19:33:07,720
during this shouldn't be turned off
31026
19:33:08,160 --> 19:33:09,160
obviously
31027
19:33:11,680 --> 19:33:12,680
certain printers the high-end such as hp
31028
19:33:14,640 --> 19:33:15,640
4600 automatically calibrate themselves
31029
19:33:17,440 --> 19:33:18,440
which is very handy
31030
19:33:19,832 --> 19:33:20,832
you can also manually um do it you may
31031
19:33:22,800 --> 19:33:23,800
well be able to go in and change the
31032
19:33:24,960 --> 19:33:25,960
timings of the
31033
19:33:26,400 --> 19:33:27,400
self calibration also
31034
19:33:29,192 --> 19:33:30,192
cleaning it's necessary to clean the
31035
19:33:31,120 --> 19:33:32,120
inside of the printer because toner and
31036
19:33:33,120 --> 19:33:34,120
dust particles and other
31037
19:33:35,120 --> 19:33:36,120
things particulates flying through the
31038
19:33:37,040 --> 19:33:38,040
air
31039
19:33:38,000 --> 19:33:39,000
um can can get um stuck inside and cause
31040
19:33:41,280 --> 19:33:42,280
issues
31041
19:33:42,872 --> 19:33:43,872
before you clean it again turn off the
31042
19:33:45,040 --> 19:33:46,040
fans and air com
31043
19:33:47,600 --> 19:33:48,600
and power down the printer
31044
19:33:52,960 --> 19:33:53,960
give it an hour again to cool off if
31045
19:33:54,960 --> 19:33:55,960
it's been used
31046
19:33:56,960 --> 19:33:57,960
always best to wear a mask and gloves
31047
19:33:58,960 --> 19:33:59,960
during the cleaning because toner
31048
19:34:00,240 --> 19:34:01,240
particles are very as
31049
19:34:02,552 --> 19:34:03,552
damaging to lungs
31050
19:34:04,400 --> 19:34:05,400
eyes and
31051
19:34:06,160 --> 19:34:07,160
nose
31052
19:34:08,000 --> 19:34:09,000
toner cloth is used to wipe the toner
31053
19:34:09,832 --> 19:34:10,832
don't use compressed air as it will
31054
19:34:11,832 --> 19:34:12,832
basically blow all the particles all
31055
19:34:13,920 --> 19:34:14,920
over the office
31056
19:34:15,192 --> 19:34:16,192
making you very unpopular
31057
19:34:17,920 --> 19:34:18,920
there's a special vacuum a toner vacuum
31058
19:34:20,080 --> 19:34:21,080
used to remove the remove the finer
31059
19:34:22,080 --> 19:34:23,080
particles because you're
31060
19:34:24,400 --> 19:34:25,400
the
31061
19:34:25,120 --> 19:34:26,120
vacuum cleaners that you buy in the
31062
19:34:27,360 --> 19:34:28,360
stores just don't have the correct
31063
19:34:29,280 --> 19:34:30,280
filters
31064
19:34:31,120 --> 19:34:32,120
exterior the printer can be clean using
31065
19:34:33,280 --> 19:34:34,280
a damp cloth with a few drops of alcohol
31066
19:34:36,872 --> 19:34:37,872
check the manufacturer's instructions
31067
19:34:39,760 --> 19:34:40,760
because if you use the wrong thing to
31068
19:34:41,440 --> 19:34:42,440
clean
31069
19:34:42,720 --> 19:34:43,720
at the printer then you can invalidate
31070
19:34:44,320 --> 19:34:45,320
the warranty and cause damage and
31071
19:34:46,080 --> 19:34:47,080
scratches
31072
19:34:47,600 --> 19:34:48,600
so we've done an introduction to laser
31073
19:34:49,600 --> 19:34:50,600
printers replacing the toner maintenance
31074
19:34:52,400 --> 19:34:53,400
kit
31075
19:34:53,760 --> 19:34:54,760
calibration and cleaning that's all for
31076
19:34:56,480 --> 19:34:57,480
now thanks for watching
31077
19:35:01,290 --> 19:35:02,290
[Music]
31078
19:35:17,512 --> 19:35:18,512
welcome to module 18 lesson 3b another
31079
19:35:20,552 --> 19:35:21,552
of the
31080
19:35:21,512 --> 19:35:22,512
four new editions under the printer
31081
19:35:23,280 --> 19:35:24,280
title
31082
19:35:25,040 --> 19:35:26,040
for
31083
19:35:26,320 --> 19:35:27,320
the new a plus in syllabus items
31084
19:35:31,192 --> 19:35:32,192
introduction to thermal printer
31085
19:35:32,720 --> 19:35:33,720
maintenance replacing paper your best
31086
19:35:35,512 --> 19:35:36,512
practices how to replace the paper
31087
19:35:38,400 --> 19:35:39,400
clean heating element removing debris
31088
19:35:41,760 --> 19:35:42,760
so thermal printers we it's a strange
31089
19:35:44,640 --> 19:35:45,640
one really because most of us won't have
31090
19:35:46,552 --> 19:35:47,552
anything to do with these
31091
19:35:48,800 --> 19:35:49,800
and because of where they're actually
31092
19:35:50,320 --> 19:35:51,320
used which will come to in a moment
31093
19:35:52,240 --> 19:35:53,240
however obviously it's been added onto
31094
19:35:54,400 --> 19:35:55,400
the syllabus
31095
19:35:55,680 --> 19:35:56,680
and some people will need to
31096
19:35:58,000 --> 19:35:59,000
be servicing these for customers or
31097
19:35:59,920 --> 19:36:00,920
maybe asked to
31098
19:36:01,600 --> 19:36:02,600
so they've introduced this as a um
31099
19:36:04,800 --> 19:36:05,800
precaution
31100
19:36:06,800 --> 19:36:07,800
and because of added other printer types
31101
19:36:09,600 --> 19:36:10,600
so thermal printers they're used for
31102
19:36:11,680 --> 19:36:12,680
printing receipts and labels
31103
19:36:14,400 --> 19:36:15,400
so for any business that's got um
31104
19:36:17,040 --> 19:36:18,040
normally for point to sell possibly
31105
19:36:20,000 --> 19:36:21,000
uh where they make a transaction and
31106
19:36:21,832 --> 19:36:22,832
they need to print a label for the
31107
19:36:23,192 --> 19:36:24,192
customer
31108
19:36:25,192 --> 19:36:26,192
they use a a coated paper special type
31109
19:36:28,400 --> 19:36:29,400
of paper that you have to buy
31110
19:36:30,640 --> 19:36:31,640
and
31111
19:36:31,512 --> 19:36:32,512
thermo chrome
31112
19:36:33,192 --> 19:36:34,192
chromic paper commonly known as thermal
31113
19:36:35,760 --> 19:36:36,760
paper to the rest of us
31114
19:36:37,512 --> 19:36:38,512
uh ordinary paper pack cannot be used so
31115
19:36:39,680 --> 19:36:40,680
don't try and save money for the
31116
19:36:41,120 --> 19:36:42,120
customer by buying
31117
19:36:43,192 --> 19:36:44,192
some ordinary paper from the uh local
31118
19:36:45,512 --> 19:36:46,512
stationers because it just won't work
31119
19:36:50,080 --> 19:36:51,080
so you need to use the particular role
31120
19:36:52,320 --> 19:36:53,320
that complies with the printer
31121
19:36:53,512 --> 19:36:54,512
specification as always check the
31122
19:36:55,920 --> 19:36:56,920
documentation for example in the hewlett
31123
19:36:58,480 --> 19:36:59,480
packard thermal receipt printers model
31124
19:37:01,040 --> 19:37:02,040
799a
31125
19:37:02,552 --> 19:37:03,552
the thermal paper should comply with the
31126
19:37:04,640 --> 19:37:05,640
following
31127
19:37:05,760 --> 19:37:06,760
and you can see the width diameter and
31128
19:37:08,240 --> 19:37:09,240
length there
31129
19:37:09,920 --> 19:37:10,920
so follow their specifications for that
31130
19:37:12,000 --> 19:37:13,000
printer
31131
19:37:15,192 --> 19:37:16,192
check the user guide as i've said for
31132
19:37:17,680 --> 19:37:18,680
the recommended types because if it
31133
19:37:19,512 --> 19:37:20,512
breaks in the printer or causes an issue
31134
19:37:22,960 --> 19:37:23,960
then you're going to invalidate the
31135
19:37:24,080 --> 19:37:25,080
warranty
31136
19:37:25,360 --> 19:37:26,360
recommended to replace the paper when
31137
19:37:26,960 --> 19:37:27,960
it's near the end of the roll a lot of
31138
19:37:28,800 --> 19:37:29,800
the time you'll have a little marker
31139
19:37:30,960 --> 19:37:31,960
put onto the receipts i've seen red
31140
19:37:34,160 --> 19:37:35,160
bands added
31141
19:37:36,160 --> 19:37:37,160
as it as it
31142
19:37:37,600 --> 19:37:38,600
reaches the end of its
31143
19:37:40,640 --> 19:37:41,640
availability
31144
19:37:43,120 --> 19:37:44,120
before you replace the paper turn off
31145
19:37:44,960 --> 19:37:45,960
the printer and unplug it again check
31146
19:37:47,040 --> 19:37:48,040
the documentation because they may allow
31147
19:37:48,640 --> 19:37:49,640
you to do otherwise
31148
19:37:50,552 --> 19:37:51,552
to replace the thermal paper you open
31149
19:37:52,552 --> 19:37:53,552
the cover
31150
19:37:53,680 --> 19:37:54,680
and remove the used one obviously put
31151
19:37:55,600 --> 19:37:56,600
the new one in
31152
19:37:57,040 --> 19:37:58,040
and you normally have to um pull out a
31153
19:37:59,360 --> 19:38:00,360
bit of paper
31154
19:38:01,600 --> 19:38:02,600
so we can grip it and capture it
31155
19:38:05,512 --> 19:38:06,512
hold the paper that's sticking out and
31156
19:38:06,960 --> 19:38:07,960
close the printer cover
31157
19:38:08,640 --> 19:38:09,640
check whether the paper is all loaded
31158
19:38:10,080 --> 19:38:11,080
properly you can advance the paper there
31159
19:38:12,160 --> 19:38:13,160
should be a manual button to feed it
31160
19:38:14,080 --> 19:38:15,080
through
31161
19:38:15,920 --> 19:38:16,920
a thermal head of the printer contains
31162
19:38:17,512 --> 19:38:18,512
the heating elements these generate the
31163
19:38:19,192 --> 19:38:20,192
heat to create the print on the paper
31164
19:38:22,800 --> 19:38:23,800
over time they just get dirty there's
31165
19:38:25,040 --> 19:38:26,040
dirt in the air there's obviously
31166
19:38:26,640 --> 19:38:27,640
people's skin and
31167
19:38:28,320 --> 19:38:29,320
floating around skin particles which is
31168
19:38:30,640 --> 19:38:31,640
pretty gross to think of
31169
19:38:33,040 --> 19:38:34,040
it's going to degrade the print quality
31170
19:38:35,120 --> 19:38:36,120
so if you don't do regular maintenance
31171
19:38:37,120 --> 19:38:38,120
it's going to cause the printer to start
31172
19:38:39,120 --> 19:38:40,120
start skipping bits of characters which
31173
19:38:41,040 --> 19:38:42,040
is going to cause headaches
31174
19:38:43,360 --> 19:38:44,360
when somebody comes to read the um
31175
19:38:46,000 --> 19:38:47,000
their receipt
31176
19:38:47,600 --> 19:38:48,600
in order to prevent it just do regular
31177
19:38:49,680 --> 19:38:50,680
maintenance
31178
19:38:51,360 --> 19:38:52,360
and remove any residue
31179
19:38:54,400 --> 19:38:55,400
before you do that turn off the printer
31180
19:38:56,960 --> 19:38:57,960
and unplug it
31181
19:38:59,600 --> 19:39:00,600
clean it you normally use a cotton swab
31182
19:39:02,000 --> 19:39:03,000
moistened with alcohol
31183
19:39:04,640 --> 19:39:05,640
as i keep saying check the
31184
19:39:06,400 --> 19:39:07,400
manufacturer's instructions they may
31185
19:39:08,720 --> 19:39:09,720
actually provide these solutions or tell
31186
19:39:11,920 --> 19:39:12,920
you which manufacturer to get the
31187
19:39:14,320 --> 19:39:15,320
solution from you may have to order it
31188
19:39:16,080 --> 19:39:17,080
in
31189
19:39:17,040 --> 19:39:18,040
alternatively cleaning cards can be used
31190
19:39:19,040 --> 19:39:20,040
to clean the printhead cleaning card
31191
19:39:20,872 --> 19:39:21,872
also cleans any dirt
31192
19:39:23,120 --> 19:39:24,120
that accumulates on the rollers you
31193
19:39:25,120 --> 19:39:26,120
basically feed it in as if you were
31194
19:39:26,720 --> 19:39:27,720
putting paper in and the card is pulled
31195
19:39:28,872 --> 19:39:29,872
out slowly while um holding the printer
31196
19:39:34,080 --> 19:39:35,080
you can get cleaning pens that are
31197
19:39:35,600 --> 19:39:36,600
available to clean thermal print ends
31198
19:39:37,512 --> 19:39:38,512
tip of the pen you press against a print
31199
19:39:39,680 --> 19:39:40,680
head and you um rub it side to side
31200
19:39:47,040 --> 19:39:48,040
now you can lightly blow out into
31201
19:39:51,040 --> 19:39:52,040
the inside of the printer to remove
31202
19:39:52,872 --> 19:39:53,872
scattered paper and dirt
31203
19:39:54,720 --> 19:39:55,720
you can also use the clean damp cloth
31204
19:39:56,800 --> 19:39:57,800
moistened with alcohol
31205
19:39:59,680 --> 19:40:00,680
i don't recommend using a household
31206
19:40:01,600 --> 19:40:02,600
cleaner inside the printers because of
31207
19:40:03,280 --> 19:40:04,280
static electricity
31208
19:40:05,192 --> 19:40:06,192
it meant to be sufficient to pull out
31209
19:40:06,872 --> 19:40:07,872
any of the debris either
31210
19:40:10,000 --> 19:40:11,000
all right so thermal printer maintenance
31211
19:40:11,832 --> 19:40:12,832
replacing paper best practices how to
31212
19:40:14,800 --> 19:40:15,800
replace the paper clean the elements and
31213
19:40:17,680 --> 19:40:18,680
removing debris that's all for now
31214
19:40:19,832 --> 19:40:20,832
thanks for watching
31215
19:40:25,290 --> 19:40:26,290
[Music]
31216
19:40:41,440 --> 19:40:42,440
welcome to module 18 lesson 3c
31217
19:40:44,720 --> 19:40:45,720
impact printer maintenance another one
31218
19:40:47,192 --> 19:40:48,192
of the
31219
19:40:48,080 --> 19:40:49,080
syllabus objects under print and printer
31220
19:40:50,160 --> 19:40:51,160
maintenance
31221
19:40:51,440 --> 19:40:52,440
look at the introduction replacing the
31222
19:40:53,440 --> 19:40:54,440
ribbon and the printhead the paper
31223
19:40:58,160 --> 19:40:59,160
so
31224
19:40:59,040 --> 19:41:00,040
an impact printer is a type of printer
31225
19:41:00,640 --> 19:41:01,640
in which the moulded letter made up of
31226
19:41:03,040 --> 19:41:04,040
metal or plastic striking against the
31227
19:41:04,800 --> 19:41:05,800
ink ribbon
31228
19:41:06,160 --> 19:41:07,160
this is actually
31229
19:41:07,512 --> 19:41:08,512
you can actually tell by looking at the
31230
19:41:09,920 --> 19:41:10,920
image there that we could find
31231
19:41:12,240 --> 19:41:13,240
it's quite an old-fashioned technology
31232
19:41:16,240 --> 19:41:17,240
you may find it in a specialized uh
31233
19:41:19,680 --> 19:41:20,680
particular environment
31234
19:41:22,080 --> 19:41:23,080
in which you have to look after it
31235
19:41:25,192 --> 19:41:26,192
uh unlikely to be in most modern offices
31236
19:41:28,552 --> 19:41:29,552
uh unless as i said there's some sort of
31237
19:41:30,800 --> 19:41:31,800
specialized need for this type of
31238
19:41:32,872 --> 19:41:33,872
printer
31239
19:41:35,120 --> 19:41:36,120
these include dot matrix daisy wheel and
31240
19:41:38,320 --> 19:41:39,320
line printers
31241
19:41:40,640 --> 19:41:41,640
in some impact
31242
19:41:42,400 --> 19:41:43,400
printers the ribbon moves with the
31243
19:41:43,760 --> 19:41:44,760
printhead assembly while in others the
31244
19:41:45,512 --> 19:41:46,512
ribbon doesn't move with the printhead
31245
19:41:48,400 --> 19:41:49,400
and the ribbon is the part that contains
31246
19:41:50,872 --> 19:41:51,872
the
31247
19:41:51,680 --> 19:41:52,680
ink
31248
19:41:54,080 --> 19:41:55,080
replacing the ribbon impact printers use
31249
19:41:56,240 --> 19:41:57,240
a single ribbon cartridge made of abs
31250
19:41:58,480 --> 19:41:59,480
plastic
31251
19:41:59,512 --> 19:42:00,512
you used to be able to wind these on if
31252
19:42:02,552 --> 19:42:03,552
the tension
31253
19:42:04,000 --> 19:42:05,000
became a bit loose or you could wind it
31254
19:42:05,760 --> 19:42:06,760
on if that particular part
31255
19:42:08,080 --> 19:42:09,080
um
31256
19:42:09,120 --> 19:42:10,120
had wasn't servicing or giving you a
31257
19:42:11,440 --> 19:42:12,440
good quality ink
31258
19:42:13,120 --> 19:42:14,120
and
31259
19:42:14,400 --> 19:42:15,400
what normally happened is they stopped
31260
19:42:16,480 --> 19:42:17,480
you
31261
19:42:17,280 --> 19:42:18,280
and
31262
19:42:18,400 --> 19:42:19,400
putting it back from the beginning again
31263
19:42:20,080 --> 19:42:21,080
once it had used up
31264
19:42:22,080 --> 19:42:23,080
even though this was perfectly possible
31265
19:42:24,160 --> 19:42:25,160
you could recycle it because there was
31266
19:42:25,360 --> 19:42:26,360
some ink left obviously the
31267
19:42:26,480 --> 19:42:27,480
manufacturers
31268
19:42:28,240 --> 19:42:29,240
wanted to make make some more money by
31269
19:42:30,160 --> 19:42:31,160
stopping you doing that
31270
19:42:32,480 --> 19:42:33,480
uh ribbon cartridge is modularly
31271
19:42:35,120 --> 19:42:36,120
designed meaning it can be unplugged
31272
19:42:36,640 --> 19:42:37,640
when you have to change it and then plug
31273
19:42:38,160 --> 19:42:39,160
back in
31274
19:42:40,800 --> 19:42:41,800
ribbon inside is made with nylon and has
31275
19:42:42,872 --> 19:42:43,872
ink applied to both sides
31276
19:42:47,280 --> 19:42:48,280
now when the ribbon zinc is used up it
31277
19:42:49,192 --> 19:42:50,192
has to be replaced when the printed
31278
19:42:51,512 --> 19:42:52,512
characters become um
31279
19:42:53,440 --> 19:42:54,440
worn out barely barely visible on the
31280
19:42:55,440 --> 19:42:56,440
paper
31281
19:42:58,080 --> 19:42:59,080
as usual with the other printers you
31282
19:42:59,760 --> 19:43:00,760
have to turn off the printer and just
31283
19:43:02,320 --> 19:43:03,320
for safety and plug it in case somebody
31284
19:43:04,640 --> 19:43:05,640
plugs it on if they see it and
31285
19:43:07,600 --> 19:43:08,600
switch it on sorry if they see it and
31286
19:43:09,192 --> 19:43:10,192
switched
31287
19:43:10,320 --> 19:43:11,320
if the printer was just in use then you
31288
19:43:12,080 --> 19:43:13,080
need to give it a few minutes to cool
31289
19:43:13,832 --> 19:43:14,832
off before replacing the cartridge
31290
19:43:17,192 --> 19:43:18,192
and replacing the printhead the
31291
19:43:18,872 --> 19:43:19,872
printhead hits the paper to make
31292
19:43:20,320 --> 19:43:21,320
impressions it actually whacks it like
31293
19:43:22,000 --> 19:43:23,000
an old-fashioned typewriter but it does
31294
19:43:24,960 --> 19:43:25,960
so electronically
31295
19:43:26,640 --> 19:43:27,640
that even wears out after extensive use
31296
19:43:29,600 --> 19:43:30,600
so turn uh turn off the printer
31297
19:43:32,480 --> 19:43:33,480
and give it a few minutes again if it's
31298
19:43:34,480 --> 19:43:35,480
just been used
31299
19:43:36,160 --> 19:43:37,160
the printhead is also a modular part
31300
19:43:38,080 --> 19:43:39,080
that can be unplugged by the press of a
31301
19:43:39,600 --> 19:43:40,600
button or by moving a lever just depends
31302
19:43:42,080 --> 19:43:43,080
on
31303
19:43:42,872 --> 19:43:43,872
how ancient your printer is
31304
19:43:45,120 --> 19:43:46,120
then you plug the new printhead
31305
19:43:47,280 --> 19:43:48,280
into position
31306
19:43:50,960 --> 19:43:51,960
and as a general rule you replace the um
31307
19:43:54,960 --> 19:43:55,960
ribbon when you replace the printhead
31308
19:43:58,552 --> 19:43:59,552
replacing the paper improv printers use
31309
19:44:00,960 --> 19:44:01,960
tractor feed mechanism to continually
31310
19:44:02,960 --> 19:44:03,960
load the paper so it's got little tiny
31311
19:44:05,040 --> 19:44:06,040
feet that slot into the edges of the
31312
19:44:06,800 --> 19:44:07,800
paper
31313
19:44:08,240 --> 19:44:09,240
and then usually the edges of the paper
31314
19:44:09,832 --> 19:44:10,832
you can tear off if you so wish
31315
19:44:15,120 --> 19:44:16,120
continuous feed paper has perforated
31316
19:44:17,192 --> 19:44:18,192
edges that fit into the sprockets which
31317
19:44:18,872 --> 19:44:19,872
you can see um just highlighted there
31318
19:44:20,720 --> 19:44:21,720
the little plastic sprockets punch into
31319
19:44:23,120 --> 19:44:24,120
the holes that are already on the paper
31320
19:44:26,000 --> 19:44:27,000
tractor feed ensures that the paper
31321
19:44:27,440 --> 19:44:28,440
stays aligned during printers so they're
31322
19:44:29,360 --> 19:44:30,360
aligned along the red so you've got a
31323
19:44:30,720 --> 19:44:31,720
straight edge which you'll sort out when
31324
19:44:32,960 --> 19:44:33,960
you're feeding it in
31325
19:44:35,440 --> 19:44:36,440
input printers can handle multi-part
31326
19:44:37,280 --> 19:44:38,280
forms that consist of multiple copies
31327
19:44:38,960 --> 19:44:39,960
are pre-printed form sandwiched together
31328
19:44:41,600 --> 19:44:42,600
using a carbon paper so basically you
31329
19:44:44,080 --> 19:44:45,080
print it and then peel off whichever
31330
19:44:45,600 --> 19:44:46,600
sheet
31331
19:44:47,120 --> 19:44:48,120
when printed on a multiple platform case
31332
19:44:49,280 --> 19:44:50,280
should be taken to position the form of
31333
19:44:50,800 --> 19:44:51,800
the printer
31334
19:44:52,000 --> 19:44:53,000
in such a manner that various sections
31335
19:44:54,160 --> 19:44:55,160
of the form will be properly printed
31336
19:44:55,832 --> 19:44:56,832
without any misalignment
31337
19:44:58,320 --> 19:44:59,320
all right so we've covered these older
31338
19:45:00,240 --> 19:45:01,240
printers that may be in use and some
31339
19:45:02,480 --> 19:45:03,480
places for
31340
19:45:04,240 --> 19:45:05,240
logistical reasons
31341
19:45:06,720 --> 19:45:07,720
an introduction to printer maintenance
31342
19:45:08,960 --> 19:45:09,960
replacing the ribbon the printhead
31343
19:45:11,040 --> 19:45:12,040
replacing the paper
31344
19:45:12,720 --> 19:45:13,720
that's all for now thanks for watching
31345
19:45:18,360 --> 19:45:19,360
[Music]
31346
19:45:34,720 --> 19:45:35,720
welcome to module 18
31347
19:45:37,040 --> 19:45:38,040
lesson four
31348
19:45:39,040 --> 19:45:40,040
inkjet printer maintenance
31349
19:45:42,720 --> 19:45:43,720
we're going to look at inject printer
31350
19:45:44,080 --> 19:45:45,080
maintenance the printheads replacing
31351
19:45:46,240 --> 19:45:47,240
cartridges
31352
19:45:47,760 --> 19:45:48,760
general steps calibrating the printer
31353
19:45:51,360 --> 19:45:52,360
clearing jams
31354
19:45:54,320 --> 19:45:55,320
so an inject printer basically sprays
31355
19:45:56,480 --> 19:45:57,480
small droplets of ink onto the paper
31356
19:45:59,832 --> 19:46:00,832
it's um
31357
19:46:01,440 --> 19:46:02,440
a cheaper alternative in many ways to
31358
19:46:03,680 --> 19:46:04,680
the laser printers so it's a popular
31359
19:46:06,320 --> 19:46:07,320
option still
31360
19:46:07,920 --> 19:46:08,920
for
31361
19:46:08,872 --> 19:46:09,872
home home use small office home office
31362
19:46:11,760 --> 19:46:12,760
soho's
31363
19:46:15,600 --> 19:46:16,600
cleaning the print heads if the inkjet
31364
19:46:17,760 --> 19:46:18,760
printer hasn't been used for a while the
31365
19:46:19,512 --> 19:46:20,512
nozzles actually get clogged with ink
31366
19:46:21,832 --> 19:46:22,832
that's become dried and it doesn't work
31367
19:46:24,640 --> 19:46:25,640
very well so it affects the print
31368
19:46:26,720 --> 19:46:27,720
quality
31369
19:46:28,240 --> 19:46:29,240
it can result in printing incubators
31370
19:46:30,872 --> 19:46:31,872
incompatible characters not printing the
31371
19:46:32,872 --> 19:46:33,872
colors
31372
19:46:33,920 --> 19:46:34,920
missing lines or dots
31373
19:46:36,160 --> 19:46:37,160
so you can see uh strange
31374
19:46:38,400 --> 19:46:39,400
streaks and things obviously aren't how
31375
19:46:40,552 --> 19:46:41,552
they should be
31376
19:46:42,160 --> 19:46:43,160
now they modern printers actually are
31377
19:46:44,872 --> 19:46:45,872
self-cleaning so you may not have to
31378
19:46:47,760 --> 19:46:48,760
intervene
31379
19:46:50,000 --> 19:46:51,000
if you do the printer software comes
31380
19:46:51,600 --> 19:46:52,600
with the
31381
19:46:53,760 --> 19:46:54,760
options for setting automatic cleaning
31382
19:46:56,400 --> 19:46:57,400
or manual cleaning
31383
19:46:59,440 --> 19:47:00,440
uh you can print the and clean the print
31384
19:47:01,680 --> 19:47:02,680
heads manually it should be done after
31385
19:47:03,280 --> 19:47:04,280
you've attempted to clean them
31386
19:47:04,720 --> 19:47:05,720
automatically
31387
19:47:06,400 --> 19:47:07,400
refer to the user manual as with every
31388
19:47:08,240 --> 19:47:09,240
printer you can generally use a cotton
31389
19:47:10,720 --> 19:47:11,720
swab looking earbud
31390
19:47:12,552 --> 19:47:13,552
and swabbed and moistened with a bit of
31391
19:47:14,800 --> 19:47:15,800
alcohol but again check the
31392
19:47:16,320 --> 19:47:17,320
documentation
31393
19:47:18,000 --> 19:47:19,000
the ink stored in disposable cartridges
31394
19:47:20,000 --> 19:47:21,000
inside the printer
31395
19:47:21,440 --> 19:47:22,440
normally you have four
31396
19:47:23,040 --> 19:47:24,040
cyan
31397
19:47:24,080 --> 19:47:25,080
magenta yellow and black some have
31398
19:47:26,832 --> 19:47:27,832
two one cartridges for cyan magenta and
31399
19:47:29,920 --> 19:47:30,920
yellow and one for black and obviously
31400
19:47:32,400 --> 19:47:33,400
for different colors the ink is mixed in
31401
19:47:34,480 --> 19:47:35,480
different proportions in order to
31402
19:47:36,480 --> 19:47:37,480
achieve the correct color
31403
19:47:38,720 --> 19:47:39,720
you can see they sit in little
31404
19:47:40,480 --> 19:47:41,480
docking stations here so you can pull
31405
19:47:42,320 --> 19:47:43,320
out
31406
19:47:43,192 --> 19:47:44,192
the
31407
19:47:44,480 --> 19:47:45,480
cartridges as and when they've run out
31408
19:47:46,240 --> 19:47:47,240
and just click them in to replace them
31409
19:47:51,040 --> 19:47:52,040
you can have lights on your cartridges
31410
19:47:52,640 --> 19:47:53,640
also or you can have warnings pop up on
31411
19:47:54,640 --> 19:47:55,640
your screen or manually check
31412
19:47:57,192 --> 19:47:58,192
printer software comes with the printer
31413
19:47:59,512 --> 19:48:00,512
can show the ink levels this looks like
31414
19:48:01,760 --> 19:48:02,760
possibly a hewlett packard worn in there
31415
19:48:04,800 --> 19:48:05,800
when the ink culture is out of ink you
31416
19:48:06,160 --> 19:48:07,160
must replace it if you want to carry on
31417
19:48:08,320 --> 19:48:09,320
printing certainly using that color
31418
19:48:10,000 --> 19:48:11,000
anyway
31419
19:48:10,872 --> 19:48:11,872
the replacement cartridge needs to be
31420
19:48:12,552 --> 19:48:13,552
compatible
31421
19:48:13,832 --> 19:48:14,832
now you can get um clones that will work
31422
19:48:18,160 --> 19:48:19,160
um
31423
19:48:19,832 --> 19:48:20,832
i think you get the printers normally
31424
19:48:22,160 --> 19:48:23,160
don't stop you using and cloned
31425
19:48:25,920 --> 19:48:26,920
and cartridges so it's not an actual
31426
19:48:27,920 --> 19:48:28,920
manufacturer provided one
31427
19:48:30,480 --> 19:48:31,480
but they have ways of trying to entice
31428
19:48:32,320 --> 19:48:33,320
you you get you can get reward points if
31429
19:48:34,240 --> 19:48:35,240
you're using genuine
31430
19:48:36,400 --> 19:48:37,400
printed cartridges you can also get them
31431
19:48:39,512 --> 19:48:40,512
recycled and refilled with ink again
31432
19:48:42,160 --> 19:48:43,160
certainly my hewlett packard printer
31433
19:48:44,400 --> 19:48:45,400
knows that it's um not the original one
31434
19:48:46,800 --> 19:48:47,800
that went in or certainly
31435
19:48:48,960 --> 19:48:49,960
and it's been pulled out at some point
31436
19:48:50,720 --> 19:48:51,720
filled refilled and put back in it can
31437
19:48:53,280 --> 19:48:54,280
tell but um it carries on letting me use
31438
19:48:55,920 --> 19:48:56,920
it anyway
31439
19:48:58,080 --> 19:48:59,080
now repair to the refer to the manual
31440
19:49:00,080 --> 19:49:01,080
when you're replacing the cartridge
31441
19:49:02,552 --> 19:49:03,552
you normally turn on the printer press
31442
19:49:04,240 --> 19:49:05,240
the power button lift the cover
31443
19:49:06,480 --> 19:49:07,480
and normally when you lift the cover it
31444
19:49:08,400 --> 19:49:09,400
triggers a
31445
19:49:10,400 --> 19:49:11,400
switch inside that presents the
31446
19:49:13,600 --> 19:49:14,600
docking station for you to easily access
31447
19:49:16,640 --> 19:49:17,640
remove the ink cartridge that needs
31448
19:49:18,240 --> 19:49:19,240
replacing
31449
19:49:20,552 --> 19:49:21,552
you can see one here in somebody's hand
31450
19:49:22,640 --> 19:49:23,640
it just slots down at an angle and then
31451
19:49:24,960 --> 19:49:25,960
clicks in and normally there's even a
31452
19:49:26,720 --> 19:49:27,720
picture on the
31453
19:49:28,000 --> 19:49:29,000
ink cartridge itself or on the docking
31454
19:49:30,000 --> 19:49:31,000
station
31455
19:49:31,040 --> 19:49:32,040
they normally have a protective
31456
19:49:34,160 --> 19:49:35,160
sticky
31457
19:49:35,192 --> 19:49:36,192
film that you have to pull off so check
31458
19:49:37,280 --> 19:49:38,280
that that's the case
31459
19:49:40,400 --> 19:49:41,400
don't touch the copper contacts on the
31460
19:49:41,920 --> 19:49:42,920
ink nozzle because it can cause smudges
31461
19:49:44,240 --> 19:49:45,240
and obviously get ink on your hands or
31462
19:49:46,320 --> 19:49:47,320
clothing which may not come off slide
31463
19:49:48,960 --> 19:49:49,960
the new cartridge into the slot
31464
19:49:51,512 --> 19:49:52,512
when you close the print cover
31465
19:49:53,360 --> 19:49:54,360
often the calibration will take place
31466
19:49:55,680 --> 19:49:56,680
and it may well ask you if you want to
31467
19:49:57,120 --> 19:49:58,120
print a test page and align the nozzles
31468
19:50:00,240 --> 19:50:01,240
and such like it depends again on your
31469
19:50:02,080 --> 19:50:03,080
model
31470
19:50:04,640 --> 19:50:05,640
when you replace the cartridge the um
31471
19:50:07,192 --> 19:50:08,192
the printer will align the ink
31472
19:50:08,480 --> 19:50:09,480
cartridges as i've just said
31473
19:50:10,800 --> 19:50:11,800
you can manually do it and when either
31474
19:50:13,512 --> 19:50:14,512
you put the ink cartridge in or you just
31475
19:50:15,512 --> 19:50:16,512
want to check the alignment if something
31476
19:50:16,960 --> 19:50:17,960
doesn't seem right
31477
19:50:19,192 --> 19:50:20,192
this is the bane of most people's life
31478
19:50:21,360 --> 19:50:22,360
paper jams occur when a piece of paper
31479
19:50:23,512 --> 19:50:24,512
gets stuck somewhere
31480
19:50:25,192 --> 19:50:26,192
inside the printer
31481
19:50:27,192 --> 19:50:28,192
i've been troubleshooting these for
31482
19:50:28,552 --> 19:50:29,552
years even before i was in it
31483
19:50:30,400 --> 19:50:31,400
opening up various hatches and pulling
31484
19:50:32,240 --> 19:50:33,240
them through
31485
19:50:33,680 --> 19:50:34,680
and
31486
19:50:34,552 --> 19:50:35,552
and the most expensive printers that
31487
19:50:36,320 --> 19:50:37,320
i've worked with have a little computer
31488
19:50:38,000 --> 19:50:39,000
printout that tells you which slot to
31489
19:50:40,320 --> 19:50:41,320
pull you could have four or five to
31490
19:50:41,832 --> 19:50:42,832
choose from in order to clear the jam
31491
19:50:45,440 --> 19:50:46,440
and then some of the places i've been at
31492
19:50:47,120 --> 19:50:48,120
tell you specifically not to do that
31493
19:50:48,800 --> 19:50:49,800
because you can make it worse and call
31494
19:50:50,872 --> 19:50:51,872
it support and then obviously you'll
31495
19:50:52,552 --> 19:50:53,552
have to wait for somebody to to turn up
31496
19:50:57,040 --> 19:50:58,040
refer to the printer's manual how to
31497
19:50:59,120 --> 19:51:00,120
clear the paper jam
31498
19:51:01,440 --> 19:51:02,440
normally you switch off the printer and
31499
19:51:02,872 --> 19:51:03,872
unplug it remove all the papers from the
31500
19:51:04,640 --> 19:51:05,640
paper tray
31501
19:51:06,160 --> 19:51:07,160
open the main cover move the print head
31502
19:51:08,400 --> 19:51:09,400
sideways to free the jammed paper
31503
19:51:11,440 --> 19:51:12,440
slowly pull out the paper by holding it
31504
19:51:13,760 --> 19:51:14,760
firmly and ensure all the paper
31505
19:51:15,760 --> 19:51:16,760
fragments so you can pull off from the
31506
19:51:17,760 --> 19:51:18,760
main piece but there could be other
31507
19:51:18,960 --> 19:51:19,960
parts inside or it could tear off
31508
19:51:21,360 --> 19:51:22,360
so you need to carefully check there's
31509
19:51:23,040 --> 19:51:24,040
nothing left on the inside
31510
19:51:24,832 --> 19:51:25,832
there close the main cover normally you
31511
19:51:27,512 --> 19:51:28,512
will have an error message that clears
31512
19:51:29,760 --> 19:51:30,760
once you've done that it can and check
31513
19:51:31,832 --> 19:51:32,832
that the paper is all gone
31514
19:51:34,000 --> 19:51:35,000
so i've looked at introduction to inkjet
31515
19:51:35,760 --> 19:51:36,760
printers the print heads replacing
31516
19:51:37,760 --> 19:51:38,760
cartridges
31517
19:51:39,192 --> 19:51:40,192
calibrating and clearing jams
31518
19:51:42,000 --> 19:51:43,000
thanks for listening
31519
19:51:46,450 --> 19:51:47,450
[Music]
31520
19:52:06,480 --> 19:52:07,480
networking network types and topologies
31521
19:52:10,400 --> 19:52:11,400
and now we come to what makes in my view
31522
19:52:13,192 --> 19:52:14,192
computers and technology today is so
31523
19:52:15,920 --> 19:52:16,920
interesting which is the
31524
19:52:17,680 --> 19:52:18,680
the concept of networking or being able
31525
19:52:20,240 --> 19:52:21,240
to connect multiple computers and
31526
19:52:22,800 --> 19:52:23,800
multiple devices together so that they
31527
19:52:25,680 --> 19:52:26,680
can share and processing power
31528
19:52:28,320 --> 19:52:29,320
information and so forth but before we
31529
19:52:31,280 --> 19:52:32,280
get into really the complex stuff we
31530
19:52:33,192 --> 19:52:34,192
need to talk about some of the we need
31531
19:52:35,040 --> 19:52:36,040
to take a step back
31532
19:52:36,480 --> 19:52:37,480
and talk about some of the terms
31533
19:52:38,400 --> 19:52:39,400
terminology and what are called
31534
19:52:40,080 --> 19:52:41,080
topologies or how networks are put
31535
19:52:42,480 --> 19:52:43,480
together which is represented by this
31536
19:52:44,552 --> 19:52:45,552
right here
31537
19:52:46,000 --> 19:52:47,000
so we're going to spend this first video
31538
19:52:48,320 --> 19:52:49,320
uh going over
31539
19:52:50,240 --> 19:52:51,240
the network types the different types of
31540
19:52:52,640 --> 19:52:53,640
networks and the topologies or the ways
31541
19:52:55,512 --> 19:52:56,512
that networks are constructed now some
31542
19:52:58,160 --> 19:52:59,160
of this might be different
31543
19:53:00,720 --> 19:53:01,720
than what you have encountered in the
31544
19:53:02,552 --> 19:53:03,552
field some of this might have different
31545
19:53:04,400 --> 19:53:05,400
words you might have heard that's okay
31546
19:53:06,400 --> 19:53:07,400
what i'm trying to tell you are some of
31547
19:53:08,240 --> 19:53:09,240
the official terms and how they're used
31548
19:53:11,760 --> 19:53:12,760
on the exam
31549
19:53:13,512 --> 19:53:14,512
so you might talk to people who have
31550
19:53:15,360 --> 19:53:16,360
different names for things but this is
31551
19:53:18,720 --> 19:53:19,720
definitely one way to name everything
31552
19:53:20,552 --> 19:53:21,552
and this is also how the exam talks
31553
19:53:22,720 --> 19:53:23,720
about things so what we're going to
31554
19:53:24,240 --> 19:53:25,240
start with is looking at a very brief
31555
19:53:26,480 --> 19:53:27,480
networking overview and again what's
31556
19:53:28,400 --> 19:53:29,400
interesting to note here
31557
19:53:30,872 --> 19:53:31,872
i just like to always note when we talk
31558
19:53:32,400 --> 19:53:33,400
about this is a plus contains networking
31559
19:53:36,240 --> 19:53:37,240
and security
31560
19:53:40,552 --> 19:53:41,552
okay
31561
19:53:42,400 --> 19:53:43,400
however there's also a network plus and
31562
19:53:44,960 --> 19:53:45,960
a security plus exam
31563
19:53:48,160 --> 19:53:49,160
so
31564
19:53:49,760 --> 19:53:50,760
this is a brief
31565
19:53:51,832 --> 19:53:52,832
smidgeling of what we're going to be
31566
19:53:54,400 --> 19:53:55,400
able to cover in network plus and
31567
19:53:56,400 --> 19:53:57,400
security plus if you're going to
31568
19:53:57,832 --> 19:53:58,832
continue to take some of those as well
31569
19:54:00,000 --> 19:54:01,000
so i just want to cover that really
31570
19:54:01,360 --> 19:54:02,360
briefly so when we're talking about an
31571
19:54:02,720 --> 19:54:03,720
overview this overview is extremely
31572
19:54:05,832 --> 19:54:06,832
general a 50 000 foot view as opposed to
31573
19:54:09,040 --> 19:54:10,040
network plus which gets a little closer
31574
19:54:10,960 --> 19:54:11,960
but still not as even in depth as some
31575
19:54:13,040 --> 19:54:14,040
really intense stuff okay so we're doing
31576
19:54:14,640 --> 19:54:15,640
a network overview
31577
19:54:16,240 --> 19:54:17,240
then we're going to deal with network
31578
19:54:18,000 --> 19:54:19,000
types these are the types of networks
31579
19:54:19,680 --> 19:54:20,680
that exist and they
31580
19:54:21,440 --> 19:54:22,440
include a lan or a local area network
31581
19:54:24,872 --> 19:54:25,872
a wan or a wide area network there are
31582
19:54:28,080 --> 19:54:29,080
several lands in iwan
31583
19:54:30,400 --> 19:54:31,400
these are the two major ones
31584
19:54:33,280 --> 19:54:34,280
then we have what's called a
31585
19:54:35,040 --> 19:54:36,040
metropolitan or municipal area network
31586
19:54:37,920 --> 19:54:38,920
which is a type
31587
19:54:39,680 --> 19:54:40,680
of wan
31588
19:54:40,960 --> 19:54:41,960
um and then a personal area network
31589
19:54:44,400 --> 19:54:45,400
which
31590
19:54:46,080 --> 19:54:47,080
usually on the exam has to do with the
31591
19:54:48,640 --> 19:54:49,640
network created by bluetooth devices
31592
19:54:52,000 --> 19:54:53,000
okay so we're going to talk about all
31593
19:54:53,600 --> 19:54:54,600
these you can see that these all end in
31594
19:54:55,512 --> 19:54:56,512
a n area network the idea is what is the
31595
19:54:58,872 --> 19:54:59,872
first word and that's going to give you
31596
19:55:00,552 --> 19:55:01,552
a clue as to what the rest of the stuff
31597
19:55:02,960 --> 19:55:03,960
is
31598
19:55:03,760 --> 19:55:04,760
there are some that we're not going to
31599
19:55:05,192 --> 19:55:06,192
cover such as a can or a campus area
31600
19:55:08,832 --> 19:55:09,832
network but i think you will get the
31601
19:55:11,512 --> 19:55:12,512
idea as we go forward
31602
19:55:14,400 --> 19:55:15,400
that these are
31603
19:55:18,800 --> 19:55:19,800
subjective names that are really applied
31604
19:55:22,320 --> 19:55:23,320
to groupings of computers
31605
19:55:24,800 --> 19:55:25,800
not so much for technical means okay
31606
19:55:28,872 --> 19:55:29,872
then after we talk about the different
31607
19:55:30,480 --> 19:55:31,480
types of networks we're going to talk
31608
19:55:31,680 --> 19:55:32,680
about the topologies of networks
31609
19:55:33,872 --> 19:55:34,872
topologies are how the network is
31610
19:55:36,800 --> 19:55:37,800
physically laid out or logically in this
31611
19:55:38,720 --> 19:55:39,720
case we're talking physically and the
31612
19:55:40,960 --> 19:55:41,960
ones we're going to look at are star
31613
19:55:42,872 --> 19:55:43,872
bus
31614
19:55:44,080 --> 19:55:45,080
ring
31615
19:55:45,040 --> 19:55:46,040
and mesh we also are going to briefly
31616
19:55:47,512 --> 19:55:48,512
mention hybrid
31617
19:55:50,832 --> 19:55:51,832
so we will talk more in depth about
31618
19:55:53,512 --> 19:55:54,512
topologies we'll talk even more in depth
31619
19:55:55,760 --> 19:55:56,760
about them when we get into network plus
31620
19:55:57,360 --> 19:55:58,360
because here we're just covering the
31621
19:55:58,552 --> 19:55:59,552
ones that we need to know for the exam
31622
19:56:02,000 --> 19:56:03,000
all right
31623
19:56:03,600 --> 19:56:04,600
so first the networking overview
31624
19:56:05,680 --> 19:56:06,680
a computer network and again this word
31625
19:56:08,720 --> 19:56:09,720
network
31626
19:56:10,240 --> 19:56:11,240
is something we see in other
31627
19:56:11,512 --> 19:56:12,512
applications not just computers but a
31628
19:56:13,600 --> 19:56:14,600
computer network consists of two or more
31629
19:56:16,000 --> 19:56:17,000
computers that communicate to share
31630
19:56:18,720 --> 19:56:19,720
files access databases collaborate and
31631
19:56:20,960 --> 19:56:21,960
projects connect to the internet etc etc
31632
19:56:23,680 --> 19:56:24,680
now i would even open this very formal
31633
19:56:26,872 --> 19:56:27,872
definition up
31634
19:56:28,800 --> 19:56:29,800
and change this word computers to nodes
31635
19:56:33,440 --> 19:56:34,440
because it com now this is a computer
31636
19:56:36,000 --> 19:56:37,000
network
31637
19:56:37,120 --> 19:56:38,120
but i would say a network
31638
19:56:40,240 --> 19:56:41,240
information technology network and by
31639
19:56:42,400 --> 19:56:43,400
the way the internet is an internet work
31640
19:56:46,080 --> 19:56:47,080
it is just the largest network that
31641
19:56:47,920 --> 19:56:48,920
exists
31642
19:56:49,832 --> 19:56:50,832
uh the internet contains not only
31643
19:56:51,760 --> 19:56:52,760
computers i mean i guess that the
31644
19:56:54,480 --> 19:56:55,480
definition of what is a computer but a
31645
19:56:56,160 --> 19:56:57,160
smartphone is a computer
31646
19:56:58,400 --> 19:56:59,400
a printer to the extent that it has a
31647
19:57:01,280 --> 19:57:02,280
processor and a board and ram is also a
31648
19:57:04,000 --> 19:57:05,000
computer so when we're talking about
31649
19:57:05,680 --> 19:57:06,680
computers we're also dealing with these
31650
19:57:07,360 --> 19:57:08,360
nodes all right and there are different
31651
19:57:09,512 --> 19:57:10,512
types of nodes that we discuss so if i
31652
19:57:12,240 --> 19:57:13,240
use the word nodes that is sort of in
31653
19:57:14,552 --> 19:57:15,552
reference to a computer or any device
31654
19:57:17,360 --> 19:57:18,360
that plugs up to a network
31655
19:57:20,720 --> 19:57:21,720
it is
31656
19:57:22,872 --> 19:57:23,872
some important considerations to include
31657
19:57:25,280 --> 19:57:26,280
in networking and these are what we're
31658
19:57:26,552 --> 19:57:27,552
going to talk about
31659
19:57:28,000 --> 19:57:29,000
over the course of this entire lesson
31660
19:57:30,480 --> 19:57:31,480
all of these videos on networking
31661
19:57:32,720 --> 19:57:33,720
are the technologies used devices
31662
19:57:35,600 --> 19:57:36,600
protocols cabling
31663
19:57:37,680 --> 19:57:38,680
hardware in other words what is the
31664
19:57:39,920 --> 19:57:40,920
hardware that plugs everything up
31665
19:57:41,680 --> 19:57:42,680
together
31666
19:57:42,872 --> 19:57:43,872
the installation configuration and
31667
19:57:44,872 --> 19:57:45,872
troubleshooting which is not just
31668
19:57:46,640 --> 19:57:47,640
physical
31669
19:57:49,120 --> 19:57:50,120
but also the software we use
31670
19:57:54,480 --> 19:57:55,480
how it is organized which is the
31671
19:57:57,360 --> 19:57:58,360
topology
31672
19:58:00,552 --> 19:58:01,552
which we're going to discuss in this
31673
19:58:01,832 --> 19:58:02,832
video
31674
19:58:03,120 --> 19:58:04,120
the types of communications necessary
31675
19:58:06,720 --> 19:58:07,720
meaning ports and tcpip
31676
19:58:10,400 --> 19:58:11,400
how they communicate over
31677
19:58:15,280 --> 19:58:16,280
this hardware technology
31678
19:58:18,160 --> 19:58:19,160
how the network is secured and this
31679
19:58:20,720 --> 19:58:21,720
doesn't just get into security plus but
31680
19:58:22,800 --> 19:58:23,800
don't forget anytime
31681
19:58:24,552 --> 19:58:25,552
you have a a you know
31682
19:58:27,360 --> 19:58:28,360
something of value you want to protect
31683
19:58:29,120 --> 19:58:30,120
it that's why your home is secured so
31684
19:58:31,040 --> 19:58:32,040
you want to make sure our networks are
31685
19:58:32,240 --> 19:58:33,240
secure not just our computers but our
31686
19:58:34,552 --> 19:58:35,552
networks in general
31687
19:58:36,720 --> 19:58:37,720
and the effect of the network on a
31688
19:58:38,640 --> 19:58:39,640
budget because there is a cost involved
31689
19:58:41,600 --> 19:58:42,600
all this stuff costs something and so we
31690
19:58:43,680 --> 19:58:44,680
need to start saying what are we going
31691
19:58:45,600 --> 19:58:46,600
to pay for and what are what isn't worth
31692
19:58:47,600 --> 19:58:48,600
it to us a home user
31693
19:58:49,760 --> 19:58:50,760
is going to have different needs than a
31694
19:58:51,920 --> 19:58:52,920
business user
31695
19:58:55,600 --> 19:58:56,600
all right
31696
19:58:57,120 --> 19:58:58,120
so let's now talk about network types
31697
19:59:01,680 --> 19:59:02,680
computer networks could inhabit a room a
31698
19:59:04,872 --> 19:59:05,872
city
31699
19:59:06,000 --> 19:59:07,000
or computers across the globe which
31700
19:59:07,920 --> 19:59:08,920
we'll call the internet and each one is
31701
19:59:10,080 --> 19:59:11,080
going to have a different name given to
31702
19:59:12,552 --> 19:59:13,552
it
31703
19:59:14,000 --> 19:59:15,000
these are all generally categorized
31704
19:59:16,800 --> 19:59:17,800
meaning that if it's inhabiting the
31705
19:59:19,120 --> 19:59:20,120
entire city we could call it a couple
31706
19:59:21,192 --> 19:59:22,192
different things
31707
19:59:22,400 --> 19:59:23,400
so what i'm going to try to do is give
31708
19:59:23,760 --> 19:59:24,760
you a brief overview of how we
31709
19:59:25,832 --> 19:59:26,832
categorize these different networks into
31710
19:59:28,720 --> 19:59:29,720
types because you are going to see these
31711
19:59:30,960 --> 19:59:31,960
quite a bit popping up on the exam and
31712
19:59:32,552 --> 19:59:33,552
just in life in general as an i.t person
31713
19:59:36,080 --> 19:59:37,080
the first one and these are the ones
31714
19:59:38,320 --> 19:59:39,320
we're going to look at now we're going
31715
19:59:39,360 --> 19:59:40,360
to look at them more in depth the local
31716
19:59:41,832 --> 19:59:42,832
area network which might go towards this
31717
19:59:44,000 --> 19:59:45,000
one inhabiting a room look at that word
31718
19:59:46,552 --> 19:59:47,552
local
31719
19:59:48,000 --> 19:59:49,000
a wide area network which as the name
31720
19:59:50,800 --> 19:59:51,800
implies
31721
19:59:52,080 --> 19:59:53,080
excuse me for that as the name implies
31722
19:59:54,240 --> 19:59:55,240
is wide large
31723
19:59:56,400 --> 19:59:57,400
also known as a lan and a wan that's how
31724
19:59:59,040 --> 20:00:00,040
you're going to see them more frequently
31725
20:00:00,400 --> 20:00:01,400
called
31726
20:00:01,360 --> 20:00:02,360
generally speaking iwan is comprised of
31727
20:00:04,240 --> 20:00:05,240
many lands
31728
20:00:06,552 --> 20:00:07,552
the metropolitan or municipal area
31729
20:00:08,640 --> 20:00:09,640
network which is more about encompassing
31730
20:00:11,192 --> 20:00:12,192
an entire city
31731
20:00:13,440 --> 20:00:14,440
obviously i could have many local area
31732
20:00:16,240 --> 20:00:17,240
networks in a man and
31733
20:00:18,552 --> 20:00:19,552
quite frankly a whan and a man could be
31734
20:00:21,192 --> 20:00:22,192
somewhat sometimes called the same thing
31735
20:00:23,680 --> 20:00:24,680
right but we're going to talk about that
31736
20:00:25,360 --> 20:00:26,360
as well
31737
20:00:26,640 --> 20:00:27,640
and then a personal area network
31738
20:00:29,120 --> 20:00:30,120
much smaller perhaps even than a local
31739
20:00:31,192 --> 20:00:32,192
area network and again i usually see a
31740
20:00:33,192 --> 20:00:34,192
pan or a personal area network when
31741
20:00:35,760 --> 20:00:36,760
we're dealing with bluetooth
31742
20:00:39,680 --> 20:00:40,680
so let's first talk about a lan versus
31743
20:00:42,160 --> 20:00:43,160
wan these are two really important
31744
20:00:44,000 --> 20:00:45,000
distinctions we need to make a lan is a
31745
20:00:46,640 --> 20:00:47,640
group of computers and other devices
31746
20:00:48,720 --> 20:00:49,720
that are located generally speaking in a
31747
20:00:51,832 --> 20:00:52,832
small area
31748
20:00:54,400 --> 20:00:55,400
so this could be
31749
20:00:55,920 --> 20:00:56,920
an office depending on how we designate
31750
20:00:58,640 --> 20:00:59,640
it a home
31751
20:01:01,360 --> 20:01:02,360
a room perhaps
31752
20:01:03,680 --> 20:01:04,680
even the floor of an office
31753
20:01:07,600 --> 20:01:08,600
so it's any of these
31754
20:01:10,480 --> 20:01:11,480
are how we designate it what really
31755
20:01:13,120 --> 20:01:14,120
makes a land different we'll talk about
31756
20:01:15,192 --> 20:01:16,192
this when we get into some of the
31757
20:01:16,480 --> 20:01:17,480
hardware is that they all connect to
31758
20:01:19,120 --> 20:01:20,120
each other through switches
31759
20:01:21,512 --> 20:01:22,512
okay so everything within a lan connects
31760
20:01:24,872 --> 20:01:25,872
through switches and we'll talk about
31761
20:01:26,872 --> 20:01:27,872
that when we get topology when we get
31762
20:01:28,320 --> 20:01:29,320
into hardware as well but there's an
31763
20:01:30,080 --> 20:01:31,080
important distinction to make that we're
31764
20:01:32,080 --> 20:01:33,080
not getting to a router which is a term
31765
20:01:34,552 --> 20:01:35,552
you may have heard of and we'll talk
31766
20:01:35,832 --> 20:01:36,832
about more
31767
20:01:37,280 --> 20:01:38,280
we don't start dealing with routers
31768
20:01:38,720 --> 20:01:39,720
until we need to get out on the lan
31769
20:01:40,720 --> 20:01:41,720
it's like this a local area network
31770
20:01:43,120 --> 20:01:44,120
would be for instance your building uh
31771
20:01:46,000 --> 20:01:47,000
if you live in a building or your
31772
20:01:47,192 --> 20:01:48,192
neighborhood you know where everyone is
31773
20:01:49,192 --> 20:01:50,192
if someone came up to you and said hey
31774
20:01:50,720 --> 20:01:51,720
can you show me where bill's house is
31775
20:01:52,960 --> 20:01:53,960
you could say oh yeah bill he lives down
31776
20:01:54,320 --> 20:01:55,320
the corner but if i asked you hey where
31777
20:01:56,800 --> 20:01:57,800
does bill live
31778
20:01:58,160 --> 20:01:59,160
and there's no bill in your neighborhood
31779
20:01:59,920 --> 20:02:00,920
or i want a bill who lives in
31780
20:02:02,640 --> 20:02:03,640
a completely other
31781
20:02:04,160 --> 20:02:05,160
on the other side of the city or on the
31782
20:02:05,512 --> 20:02:06,512
other side of the world you're going to
31783
20:02:06,800 --> 20:02:07,800
need to reference your phone book or
31784
20:02:08,400 --> 20:02:09,400
you're going to get on the internet and
31785
20:02:09,512 --> 20:02:10,512
do a couple searches
31786
20:02:11,120 --> 20:02:12,120
in the same way
31787
20:02:12,640 --> 20:02:13,640
switches can only communicate with
31788
20:02:15,120 --> 20:02:16,120
devices to which they know that are
31789
20:02:17,280 --> 20:02:18,280
locally connected and so one of the
31790
20:02:19,680 --> 20:02:20,680
things with the lan is that it's in a
31791
20:02:21,360 --> 20:02:22,360
small area
31792
20:02:22,872 --> 20:02:23,872
that we can administer
31793
20:02:24,640 --> 20:02:25,640
from a small central area we're not
31794
20:02:27,280 --> 20:02:28,280
going out anywhere beyond that and as a
31795
20:02:30,960 --> 20:02:31,960
result the switch knows the location of
31796
20:02:33,512 --> 20:02:34,512
every computer or node uh
31797
20:02:36,552 --> 20:02:37,552
that's nearby
31798
20:02:40,240 --> 20:02:41,240
a roo a router
31799
20:02:43,040 --> 20:02:44,040
i almost said rooter a router is what is
31800
20:02:45,760 --> 20:02:46,760
going to allow the lan
31801
20:02:48,800 --> 20:02:49,800
to communicate
31802
20:02:56,000 --> 20:02:57,000
with the rest of the world
31803
20:02:59,280 --> 20:03:00,280
okay so just like
31804
20:03:01,440 --> 20:03:02,440
um your post office allows you to send
31805
20:03:03,680 --> 20:03:04,680
messages
31806
20:03:04,832 --> 20:03:05,832
or i mean literally snail mail messages
31807
20:03:08,720 --> 20:03:09,720
letters to people in other parts of the
31808
20:03:10,800 --> 20:03:11,800
world whereas if you wanted to give
31809
20:03:13,040 --> 20:03:14,040
someone a letter you could send a
31810
20:03:14,480 --> 20:03:15,480
messenger in new york city where i live
31811
20:03:17,832 --> 20:03:18,832
you can send someone by bicycle to
31812
20:03:19,760 --> 20:03:20,760
deliver a letter to anyone else in the
31813
20:03:21,680 --> 20:03:22,680
city really but if i need to send it to
31814
20:03:23,920 --> 20:03:24,920
some place
31815
20:03:25,040 --> 20:03:26,040
overseas let's say in england or
31816
20:03:26,800 --> 20:03:27,800
australia then i'm going to have to use
31817
20:03:28,800 --> 20:03:29,800
a router i'm going to have to use the
31818
20:03:30,000 --> 20:03:31,000
mail server
31819
20:03:31,760 --> 20:03:32,760
i'm going to have to use us postal
31820
20:03:33,920 --> 20:03:34,920
service or fedex or ups or something so
31821
20:03:37,512 --> 20:03:38,512
that's the difference the router is
31822
20:03:39,040 --> 20:03:40,040
going to allow the land to communicate
31823
20:03:41,512 --> 20:03:42,512
out to the rest of the world
31824
20:03:44,000 --> 20:03:45,000
out to the wide area network the lan is
31825
20:03:47,120 --> 20:03:48,120
the local area network
31826
20:03:52,160 --> 20:03:53,160
now a wide area network is a group of
31827
20:03:54,480 --> 20:03:55,480
one or more lands so if you imagine over
31828
20:03:57,600 --> 20:03:58,600
a large geographic area
31829
20:04:01,360 --> 20:04:02,360
so if you imagine that each one of these
31830
20:04:04,400 --> 20:04:05,400
is one of these that's what a wan would
31831
20:04:07,040 --> 20:04:08,040
look like so if imagine that this is a
31832
20:04:09,440 --> 20:04:10,440
land
31833
20:04:10,320 --> 20:04:11,320
and this is a land
31834
20:04:12,400 --> 20:04:13,400
and this is a land right basically the
31835
20:04:15,680 --> 20:04:16,680
internet is just comprised of a lot of
31836
20:04:18,320 --> 20:04:19,320
smaller lands
31837
20:04:20,080 --> 20:04:21,080
now those lan how we define those could
31838
20:04:22,640 --> 20:04:23,640
be as a win or a lan it depends but
31839
20:04:24,720 --> 20:04:25,720
generally when we talk about wan wide
31840
20:04:27,120 --> 20:04:28,120
area network
31841
20:04:28,400 --> 20:04:29,400
you see that term on say a device
31842
20:04:30,800 --> 20:04:31,800
they're referring to the internet which
31843
20:04:32,240 --> 20:04:33,240
is the law which is the biggest wan in
31844
20:04:34,080 --> 20:04:35,080
the world
31845
20:04:35,760 --> 20:04:36,760
of course we could be dealing with wands
31846
20:04:37,512 --> 20:04:38,512
for instance
31847
20:04:38,720 --> 20:04:39,720
um
31848
20:04:40,800 --> 20:04:41,800
multiple offices so if i had some
31849
20:04:44,192 --> 20:04:45,192
telecommunications company to help me i
31850
20:04:46,872 --> 20:04:47,872
could connect let's say i owned all of
31851
20:04:49,192 --> 20:04:50,192
these this was my houston office
31852
20:04:52,240 --> 20:04:53,240
and this was my new york office and this
31853
20:04:55,360 --> 20:04:56,360
was my tel aviv office and this was my
31854
20:04:59,920 --> 20:05:00,920
london office
31855
20:05:03,280 --> 20:05:04,280
and this was my
31856
20:05:05,760 --> 20:05:06,760
um
31857
20:05:07,512 --> 20:05:08,512
shanghai office let's say okay so if i
31858
20:05:11,120 --> 20:05:12,120
owned all these and i got the help of a
31859
20:05:12,760 --> 20:05:13,760
telecommunications company i could then
31860
20:05:14,800 --> 20:05:15,800
connect all of these together
31861
20:05:17,760 --> 20:05:18,760
and we'll talk about that a little bit
31862
20:05:19,040 --> 20:05:20,040
more
31863
20:05:21,120 --> 20:05:22,120
likewise when you go out to the internet
31864
20:05:23,440 --> 20:05:24,440
you need a telecommunications company or
31865
20:05:26,080 --> 20:05:27,080
an internet service provider
31866
20:05:28,960 --> 20:05:29,960
to help you reach out past your local
31867
20:05:31,832 --> 20:05:32,832
area network to the wide area network
31868
20:05:35,600 --> 20:05:36,600
each lan also requires a router to
31869
20:05:38,400 --> 20:05:39,400
connect to each other so
31870
20:05:40,960 --> 20:05:41,960
there's always going to be a router
31871
20:05:44,872 --> 20:05:45,872
connecting each one of these to the when
31872
20:05:49,440 --> 20:05:50,440
the wan itself has no limit there is no
31873
20:05:52,320 --> 20:05:53,320
size limit so the wan is comprised of
31874
20:05:54,240 --> 20:05:55,240
many of many lands
31875
20:05:58,080 --> 20:05:59,080
now let's talk quickly about mans and
31876
20:06:00,080 --> 20:06:01,080
pens a metropolitan area network or a
31877
20:06:02,720 --> 20:06:03,720
municipal area network is used when a
31878
20:06:05,192 --> 20:06:06,192
company or say a government or an
31879
20:06:07,440 --> 20:06:08,440
organization has two offices or more in
31880
20:06:10,080 --> 20:06:11,080
the same city so the idea is it's sort
31881
20:06:12,552 --> 20:06:13,552
of like a wan but the wan is constricted
31882
20:06:14,960 --> 20:06:15,960
by a municipal area
31883
20:06:17,600 --> 20:06:18,600
a telecommunications company helps
31884
20:06:20,000 --> 20:06:21,000
create a high-speed link between the two
31885
20:06:22,240 --> 20:06:23,240
offices
31886
20:06:23,280 --> 20:06:24,280
or you use the internet to connect them
31887
20:06:25,832 --> 20:06:26,832
using something called tunneling
31888
20:06:30,400 --> 20:06:31,400
or virtual private networking which we
31889
20:06:33,120 --> 20:06:34,120
will discuss a little bit later on
31890
20:06:36,800 --> 20:06:37,800
this is similar similar to a wan because
31891
20:06:39,512 --> 20:06:40,512
it still needs a router
31892
20:06:41,120 --> 20:06:42,120
but it's just in a smaller geographical
31893
20:06:43,040 --> 20:06:44,040
area
31894
20:06:43,920 --> 20:06:44,920
this term has come into use more
31895
20:06:45,680 --> 20:06:46,680
frequently over the past few years
31896
20:06:48,320 --> 20:06:49,320
again it is subjective in use so someone
31897
20:06:51,920 --> 20:06:52,920
might say might call it a wan someone
31898
20:06:54,080 --> 20:06:55,080
else might call it a man
31899
20:06:55,832 --> 20:06:56,832
theoretically i would say a man a
31900
20:06:58,320 --> 20:06:59,320
metropolitan area network is a wan
31901
20:07:01,512 --> 20:07:02,512
a wide area network because it is not
31902
20:07:03,680 --> 20:07:04,680
constricted by say a room or a building
31903
20:07:06,800 --> 20:07:07,800
that being said i'll leave that up to
31904
20:07:08,240 --> 20:07:09,240
people who are designing it when they're
31905
20:07:10,000 --> 20:07:11,000
calling it something you know they need
31906
20:07:11,360 --> 20:07:12,360
to call it something different
31907
20:07:13,120 --> 20:07:14,120
now this is different very different
31908
20:07:15,120 --> 20:07:16,120
actually from a personal area network or
31909
20:07:17,040 --> 20:07:18,040
pan this is a smaller computer network
31910
20:07:20,000 --> 20:07:21,000
used for communicating between
31911
20:07:21,360 --> 20:07:22,360
smartphones pdas other devices in other
31912
20:07:24,160 --> 20:07:25,160
words it's to have your computer
31913
20:07:26,480 --> 20:07:27,480
communicate with your mouse communicate
31914
20:07:28,080 --> 20:07:29,080
with your smartphone okay again every
31915
20:07:30,800 --> 20:07:31,800
time i see pan on the net on the test it
31916
20:07:34,000 --> 20:07:35,000
is in relation to bluetooth
31917
20:07:37,512 --> 20:07:38,512
so this is generally attributed to that
31918
20:07:39,760 --> 20:07:40,760
bluetooth communication
31919
20:07:41,760 --> 20:07:42,760
you see it on the test and i write it
31920
20:07:43,440 --> 20:07:44,440
twice i wrote it and typed it remember
31921
20:07:46,872 --> 20:07:47,872
bluetooth boom pan is bluetooth okay
31922
20:07:52,640 --> 20:07:53,640
and these are also ad hoc meaning unlike
31923
20:07:55,512 --> 20:07:56,512
some of these other devices these other
31924
20:07:57,920 --> 20:07:58,920
network types
31925
20:07:59,600 --> 20:08:00,600
ad hoc means that there is no
31926
20:08:02,080 --> 20:08:03,080
centralized controlling uh device that
31927
20:08:05,440 --> 20:08:06,440
you connect through so whereas a lot of
31928
20:08:08,000 --> 20:08:09,000
the devices have switches like we saw
31929
20:08:10,400 --> 20:08:11,400
i'm about to draw a star network
31930
20:08:12,720 --> 20:08:13,720
right everyone connected through a
31931
20:08:14,872 --> 20:08:15,872
central
31932
20:08:16,320 --> 20:08:17,320
all my computers are connected through a
31933
20:08:18,000 --> 20:08:19,000
central switch
31934
20:08:20,480 --> 20:08:21,480
these devices there is no central switch
31935
20:08:25,512 --> 20:08:26,512
they just connect with one another
31936
20:08:32,480 --> 20:08:33,480
so we just gave a brief overview of
31937
20:08:34,720 --> 20:08:35,720
networking the networking being
31938
20:08:37,360 --> 20:08:38,360
nodes or computers
31939
20:08:43,040 --> 20:08:44,040
that are connected together for some
31940
20:08:45,920 --> 20:08:46,920
sort of purpose then we looked at
31941
20:08:47,832 --> 20:08:48,832
network types local area network would
31942
20:08:50,320 --> 20:08:51,320
be your home
31943
20:08:52,000 --> 20:08:53,000
or a floor of a building or the
31944
20:08:54,872 --> 20:08:55,872
entire building depending on how they
31945
20:08:56,720 --> 20:08:57,720
wanted to to do it
31946
20:08:59,040 --> 20:09:00,040
okay a wide area network generally
31947
20:09:01,760 --> 20:09:02,760
outside of a geographical area the best
31948
20:09:04,720 --> 20:09:05,720
known wide area network is the internet
31949
20:09:08,640 --> 20:09:09,640
a metropolitan municipal area network
31950
20:09:11,040 --> 20:09:12,040
i'm going to say is lycoan
31951
20:09:13,120 --> 20:09:14,120
but it is city restrictive or
31952
20:09:16,160 --> 20:09:17,160
metropolitan area so if you have five
31953
20:09:18,800 --> 20:09:19,800
offices in london perhaps you're going
31954
20:09:20,800 --> 20:09:21,800
to connect all those uh offices together
31955
20:09:24,160 --> 20:09:25,160
and then a personal area network which
31956
20:09:25,920 --> 20:09:26,920
again is bluetooth
31957
20:09:30,080 --> 20:09:31,080
so now that we've talked about these
31958
20:09:31,120 --> 20:09:32,120
network types let's discuss network
31959
20:09:32,720 --> 20:09:33,720
topologies
31960
20:09:36,160 --> 20:09:37,160
so there are four five network
31961
20:09:37,832 --> 20:09:38,832
topologies we're going to discuss the
31962
20:09:39,600 --> 20:09:40,600
four pictured here and then a fifth
31963
20:09:41,040 --> 20:09:42,040
called hybrid which is a mix of these
31964
20:09:43,760 --> 20:09:44,760
the network topology
31965
20:09:46,552 --> 20:09:47,552
defines how the devices are physically
31966
20:09:49,760 --> 20:09:50,760
cabled together
31967
20:09:51,512 --> 20:09:52,512
or
31968
20:09:52,720 --> 20:09:53,720
how they logically communicate
31969
20:09:54,960 --> 20:09:55,960
okay so this is this these could be
31970
20:09:57,512 --> 20:09:58,512
literally
31971
20:09:58,720 --> 20:09:59,720
physical designations how these the
31972
20:10:01,120 --> 20:10:02,120
cabling
31973
20:10:02,400 --> 20:10:03,400
right actually runs
31974
20:10:05,280 --> 20:10:06,280
or it could be logical meaning this is
31975
20:10:08,320 --> 20:10:09,320
how data is transferred and sometimes
31976
20:10:11,040 --> 20:10:12,040
what we'll have is we'll have something
31977
20:10:12,960 --> 20:10:13,960
that physically connects
31978
20:10:15,360 --> 20:10:16,360
in one way but logically connects
31979
20:10:20,720 --> 20:10:21,720
in another so it's important to make the
31980
20:10:23,040 --> 20:10:24,040
distinction between a physical topology
31981
20:10:25,920 --> 20:10:26,920
and a logical topology
31982
20:10:28,720 --> 20:10:29,720
what we're discussing for a plus is a
31983
20:10:31,360 --> 20:10:32,360
physical topology we're not discussing
31984
20:10:33,832 --> 20:10:34,832
logical topologies we will get into that
31985
20:10:35,760 --> 20:10:36,760
with network plus so we're literally
31986
20:10:37,600 --> 20:10:38,600
talking about how these devices these
31987
20:10:39,512 --> 20:10:40,512
computers are physically connected to
31988
20:10:41,040 --> 20:10:42,040
one another
31989
20:10:42,240 --> 20:10:43,240
okay
31990
20:10:44,640 --> 20:10:45,640
so let's look at the first one is called
31991
20:10:46,480 --> 20:10:47,480
a bust topology
31992
20:10:48,640 --> 20:10:49,640
this is very rare in today's networks in
31993
20:10:50,872 --> 20:10:51,872
fact most of these are very rare in
31994
20:10:52,240 --> 20:10:53,240
today's networks except for star
31995
20:10:55,192 --> 20:10:56,192
all computers are connected to one
31996
20:10:57,832 --> 20:10:58,832
backbone cable it's called the backbone
31997
20:10:59,832 --> 20:11:00,832
because it does the brunt of the work
31998
20:11:03,760 --> 20:11:04,760
okay
31999
20:11:06,160 --> 20:11:07,160
so every computer
32000
20:11:08,320 --> 20:11:09,320
plugs in
32001
20:11:10,240 --> 20:11:11,240
to this network cable
32002
20:11:12,872 --> 20:11:13,872
sometimes they used to do this via
32003
20:11:14,552 --> 20:11:15,552
something called a vampire tap
32004
20:11:17,440 --> 20:11:18,440
which i don't have a picture of to show
32005
20:11:18,800 --> 20:11:19,800
you and it's not on the exam anymore
32006
20:11:20,640 --> 20:11:21,640
thank goodness but this used to be
32007
20:11:22,720 --> 20:11:23,720
something if i had a very thick cable
32008
20:11:27,120 --> 20:11:28,120
imagine this being a very thick cable
32009
20:11:29,680 --> 20:11:30,680
a vampire tap was literally a wall
32010
20:11:32,552 --> 20:11:33,552
connected and had metal teeth
32011
20:11:36,000 --> 20:11:37,000
that fed directly into the metal of the
32012
20:11:39,440 --> 20:11:40,440
cable and that's how you accessed it so
32013
20:11:42,000 --> 20:11:43,000
this would then connect up to one wire
32014
20:11:48,240 --> 20:11:49,240
or there were sometimes what were called
32015
20:11:50,160 --> 20:11:51,160
t connectors
32016
20:11:52,400 --> 20:11:53,400
right which as you can see from the
32017
20:11:54,000 --> 20:11:55,000
looks of this
32018
20:11:55,600 --> 20:11:56,600
i'm just going to erase this for a
32019
20:11:56,720 --> 20:11:57,720
second
32020
20:11:58,080 --> 20:11:59,080
it makes back upside down t here are the
32021
20:12:00,720 --> 20:12:01,720
t connectors
32022
20:12:02,480 --> 20:12:03,480
so you would have coaxial cable for
32023
20:12:04,640 --> 20:12:05,640
instance with a t connector
32024
20:12:07,680 --> 20:12:08,680
and you would also just like with scuzzy
32025
20:12:10,080 --> 20:12:11,080
if you remember scuzzy we would
32026
20:12:11,440 --> 20:12:12,440
terminate
32027
20:12:12,640 --> 20:12:13,640
the ends of this network so it knew
32028
20:12:15,680 --> 20:12:16,680
where to end and where not to end but
32029
20:12:17,192 --> 20:12:18,192
we're getting a little into logical
32030
20:12:19,832 --> 20:12:20,832
the problem with this setup though is if
32031
20:12:22,640 --> 20:12:23,640
this cable gets destroyed
32032
20:12:25,832 --> 20:12:26,832
right
32033
20:12:26,872 --> 20:12:27,872
all of these computers now cannot
32034
20:12:28,320 --> 20:12:29,320
communicate
32035
20:12:29,600 --> 20:12:30,600
in some cases if one of the computers
32036
20:12:32,160 --> 20:12:33,160
goes down that can also disrupt
32037
20:12:34,240 --> 20:12:35,240
communication there's another one that's
32038
20:12:36,240 --> 20:12:37,240
similar called a line network that
32039
20:12:38,320 --> 20:12:39,320
literally looks like this
32040
20:12:41,120 --> 20:12:42,120
some people refer to this as a bus
32041
20:12:44,552 --> 20:12:45,552
if one computer gets destroyed none of
32042
20:12:46,400 --> 20:12:47,400
them can talk to each other which is why
32043
20:12:48,320 --> 20:12:49,320
this bus is at least makes a little more
32044
20:12:50,080 --> 20:12:51,080
sense than this line
32045
20:12:53,512 --> 20:12:54,512
if you want to add or remove computers
32046
20:12:55,920 --> 20:12:56,920
from a bus network you have to take the
32047
20:12:57,440 --> 20:12:58,440
network down obviously the entire thing
32048
20:12:59,280 --> 20:13:00,280
has to go down for me to add another
32049
20:13:00,872 --> 20:13:01,872
computer if this didn't exist i'd have
32050
20:13:02,872 --> 20:13:03,872
to take all these down so that i could
32051
20:13:05,512 --> 20:13:06,512
pop it in there
32052
20:13:06,832 --> 20:13:07,832
okay that's the downside of bus and why
32053
20:13:09,440 --> 20:13:10,440
it's not really used anymore um
32054
20:13:13,120 --> 20:13:14,120
it doesn't have to be used anymore
32055
20:13:14,400 --> 20:13:15,400
either because we have what are called
32056
20:13:15,832 --> 20:13:16,832
switches now
32057
20:13:17,600 --> 20:13:18,600
so let's get into a ring which is kind
32058
20:13:19,680 --> 20:13:20,680
of different so remember we talked about
32059
20:13:21,192 --> 20:13:22,192
a line
32060
20:13:23,760 --> 20:13:24,760
a ring
32061
20:13:25,600 --> 20:13:26,600
means and this is also very uncommon
32062
20:13:27,920 --> 20:13:28,920
nowadays but basically there's no
32063
20:13:29,832 --> 20:13:30,832
central connecting device every device
32064
20:13:32,552 --> 20:13:33,552
connects to the next device until they
32065
20:13:34,400 --> 20:13:35,400
create a ring this is kind of like that
32066
20:13:36,080 --> 20:13:37,080
line but in a circle
32067
20:13:38,240 --> 20:13:39,240
so literally this guy if this guy wants
32068
20:13:40,800 --> 20:13:41,800
to talk
32069
20:13:41,832 --> 20:13:42,832
let me uh draw this out like this if a
32070
20:13:44,960 --> 20:13:45,960
wants to talk to
32071
20:13:46,590 --> 20:13:47,590
[Music]
32072
20:13:48,240 --> 20:13:49,240
let's say d okay
32073
20:13:50,960 --> 20:13:51,960
then he has to go and this can only go
32074
20:13:53,440 --> 20:13:54,440
in one direction generally
32075
20:13:55,680 --> 20:13:56,680
so he has to go through each computer
32076
20:13:57,760 --> 20:13:58,760
before reaching d and then d has to go
32077
20:14:00,400 --> 20:14:01,400
to these two computers before getting
32078
20:14:02,240 --> 20:14:03,240
back to a to communicate and they have
32079
20:14:03,760 --> 20:14:04,760
to keep doing that and so you can see
32080
20:14:05,280 --> 20:14:06,280
how this is really not practical for
32081
20:14:07,360 --> 20:14:08,360
modern day computing
32082
20:14:09,040 --> 20:14:10,040
you also have to bring down the whole
32083
20:14:10,872 --> 20:14:11,872
thing
32084
20:14:11,680 --> 20:14:12,680
before uh you can add a computer and if
32085
20:14:14,552 --> 20:14:15,552
one chord goes down one connection
32086
20:14:17,512 --> 20:14:18,512
the entire thing is shot obviously if
32087
20:14:20,080 --> 20:14:21,080
one computer goes down the whole thing
32088
20:14:22,320 --> 20:14:23,320
is shot
32089
20:14:23,600 --> 20:14:24,600
so this is really not useful in today's
32090
20:14:26,552 --> 20:14:27,552
market
32091
20:14:28,552 --> 20:14:29,552
some very advanced
32092
20:14:31,120 --> 20:14:32,120
networks where we're dealing with
32093
20:14:32,640 --> 20:14:33,640
certain very expensive servers and very
32094
20:14:35,360 --> 20:14:36,360
high-end reliability stuff will use ring
32095
20:14:38,480 --> 20:14:39,480
networks
32096
20:14:39,680 --> 20:14:40,680
they generally use them not in the
32097
20:14:41,360 --> 20:14:42,360
physical sense but in the
32098
20:14:43,360 --> 20:14:44,360
logical sense meaning that data is
32099
20:14:45,360 --> 20:14:46,360
passed
32100
20:14:46,400 --> 20:14:47,400
from one to the next
32101
20:14:48,240 --> 20:14:49,240
and they actually physically connect
32102
20:14:49,832 --> 20:14:50,832
through a central device
32103
20:14:51,920 --> 20:14:52,920
so the device says you first now you now
32104
20:14:54,320 --> 20:14:55,320
you now you it goes like this
32105
20:14:58,552 --> 20:14:59,552
and so they communicate in a ring
32106
20:15:00,960 --> 20:15:01,960
but
32107
20:15:02,320 --> 20:15:03,320
very unlikely the only reason some
32108
20:15:04,960 --> 20:15:05,960
people have them is because they're very
32109
20:15:06,720 --> 20:15:07,720
old and sometimes if it ain't broke
32110
20:15:08,400 --> 20:15:09,400
don't fix it and there can be some
32111
20:15:11,040 --> 20:15:12,040
benefits to a ring topology that go
32112
20:15:13,280 --> 20:15:14,280
beyond the scope of this course
32113
20:15:17,360 --> 20:15:18,360
so
32114
20:15:19,120 --> 20:15:20,120
let's talk about the star topology which
32115
20:15:20,872 --> 20:15:21,872
i think is by far the most common you're
32116
20:15:22,872 --> 20:15:23,872
going to see today
32117
20:15:24,552 --> 20:15:25,552
and it did away with 90 percent of the
32118
20:15:26,400 --> 20:15:27,400
bus and ring topologies worldwide when
32119
20:15:28,320 --> 20:15:29,320
this was introduced and the reason is
32120
20:15:30,320 --> 20:15:31,320
you have a central connecting device
32121
20:15:32,800 --> 20:15:33,800
like a switch
32122
20:15:35,360 --> 20:15:36,360
that unites all the computers on the
32123
20:15:37,120 --> 20:15:38,120
local area network
32124
20:15:38,640 --> 20:15:39,640
so if one if the connecting device goes
32125
20:15:41,440 --> 20:15:42,440
out you're in trouble right however
32126
20:15:45,600 --> 20:15:46,600
if
32127
20:15:46,640 --> 20:15:47,640
this computer goes down or this
32128
20:15:48,400 --> 20:15:49,400
connection goes down you still have
32129
20:15:51,040 --> 20:15:52,040
connections between all the other
32130
20:15:52,320 --> 20:15:53,320
computers
32131
20:15:53,680 --> 20:15:54,680
so it this was a lot more reliable not
32132
20:15:57,120 --> 20:15:58,120
to mention easier because if i want to
32133
20:15:58,872 --> 20:15:59,872
add a computer i don't have to take the
32134
20:16:00,240 --> 20:16:01,240
entire network down i just plug into the
32135
20:16:02,160 --> 20:16:03,160
central device which is why it's really
32136
20:16:04,160 --> 20:16:05,160
the most common and uh most useful
32137
20:16:07,512 --> 20:16:08,512
physical topology that's out there
32138
20:16:11,512 --> 20:16:12,512
we also have a mesh topology
32139
20:16:14,240 --> 20:16:15,240
some people call this a full topology
32140
20:16:19,040 --> 20:16:20,040
every device connects to every other
32141
20:16:20,960 --> 20:16:21,960
device
32142
20:16:22,480 --> 20:16:23,480
so
32143
20:16:23,440 --> 20:16:24,440
you can see in this case this guy has a
32144
20:16:26,320 --> 20:16:27,320
connection
32145
20:16:27,512 --> 20:16:28,512
to every other
32146
20:16:29,832 --> 20:16:30,832
computer
32147
20:16:32,000 --> 20:16:33,000
this way he has a direct line of contact
32148
20:16:35,040 --> 20:16:36,040
to every other system on the on the on
32149
20:16:37,280 --> 20:16:38,280
the network very rare
32150
20:16:40,080 --> 20:16:41,080
and
32151
20:16:40,872 --> 20:16:41,872
the reason is because this could be a
32152
20:16:43,040 --> 20:16:44,040
lot of connections obviously it's the
32153
20:16:44,960 --> 20:16:45,960
total number of computers minus one
32154
20:16:46,720 --> 20:16:47,720
because you don't connect to yourself so
32155
20:16:48,640 --> 20:16:49,640
because they are one two three six on
32156
20:16:50,872 --> 20:16:51,872
this this every can every computer has
32157
20:16:53,120 --> 20:16:54,120
to have five connections that means five
32158
20:16:55,440 --> 20:16:56,440
places to plug in a connection so five
32159
20:16:57,360 --> 20:16:58,360
network cards five sets of cords and
32160
20:16:59,832 --> 20:17:00,832
they all have to be direct
32161
20:17:01,600 --> 20:17:02,600
so you can imagine this is gonna cost
32162
20:17:03,600 --> 20:17:04,600
mucho money but it is highly redundant
32163
20:17:08,720 --> 20:17:09,720
meaning it is very hard to take down
32164
20:17:11,040 --> 20:17:12,040
this network because even if
32165
20:17:13,512 --> 20:17:14,512
this connection gets shot
32166
20:17:16,240 --> 20:17:17,240
this guy can still connect by doing this
32167
20:17:19,512 --> 20:17:20,512
and if that connection gets shot they
32168
20:17:21,280 --> 20:17:22,280
can connect this way so you can see
32169
20:17:22,960 --> 20:17:23,960
there are so many connections that would
32170
20:17:24,320 --> 20:17:25,320
have to go down that's why this is still
32171
20:17:26,240 --> 20:17:27,240
used
32172
20:17:27,512 --> 20:17:28,512
uh however it is rare because the cost
32173
20:17:29,920 --> 20:17:30,920
of implementation is so expensive that
32174
20:17:32,480 --> 20:17:33,480
you're only going to see it in certain
32175
20:17:34,400 --> 20:17:35,400
circumstances where the network going
32176
20:17:36,320 --> 20:17:37,320
down would literally mean um that you
32177
20:17:39,040 --> 20:17:40,040
know millions of dollars or billions of
32178
20:17:40,640 --> 20:17:41,640
dollars going down and a loss of time as
32179
20:17:43,120 --> 20:17:44,120
well
32180
20:17:44,720 --> 20:17:45,720
so special
32181
20:17:46,552 --> 20:17:47,552
special environments that need that much
32182
20:17:48,480 --> 20:17:49,480
redundancy would have it banks
32183
20:17:51,600 --> 20:17:52,600
government institutions i'm sure
32184
20:17:53,920 --> 20:17:54,920
you know the military etc
32185
20:17:57,512 --> 20:17:58,512
finally we have a hybrid technology this
32186
20:18:00,080 --> 20:18:01,080
combines two or more technologies so for
32187
20:18:03,512 --> 20:18:04,512
instance we have a bus connected with a
32188
20:18:05,832 --> 20:18:06,832
star here probably not going to see that
32189
20:18:07,440 --> 20:18:08,440
as much as a star ring
32190
20:18:09,832 --> 20:18:10,832
meaning that i would have a star here
32191
20:18:11,832 --> 20:18:12,832
and then maybe i have another star
32192
20:18:15,440 --> 20:18:16,440
and then
32193
20:18:16,480 --> 20:18:17,480
let's say here's my star
32194
20:18:18,640 --> 20:18:19,640
and then i have another star
32195
20:18:21,600 --> 20:18:22,600
and then these are all connected
32196
20:18:24,400 --> 20:18:25,400
in a ring format okay so that would be
32197
20:18:26,800 --> 20:18:27,800
also a hybrid connection or a hybrid
32198
20:18:29,512 --> 20:18:30,512
topology so here's a star bus
32199
20:18:32,640 --> 20:18:33,640
or what's also called a hierarchical
32200
20:18:34,552 --> 20:18:35,552
star in which case
32201
20:18:37,120 --> 20:18:38,120
you know i have this computer which is a
32202
20:18:38,800 --> 20:18:39,800
star and then it goes down to
32203
20:18:45,120 --> 20:18:46,120
so it's doing something like this
32204
20:18:48,960 --> 20:18:49,960
and then this goes down to another one
32205
20:18:50,872 --> 20:18:51,872
and this goes down to another one and
32206
20:18:52,800 --> 20:18:53,800
this is what we call a hierarchical star
32207
20:18:55,192 --> 20:18:56,192
okay but this is a uh hybrid topology
32208
20:18:59,760 --> 20:19:00,760
meaning that it's mixing several of the
32209
20:19:01,440 --> 20:19:02,440
topologies we've already seen
32210
20:19:04,552 --> 20:19:05,552
okay
32211
20:19:05,512 --> 20:19:06,512
so now we've discussed uh topologies
32212
20:19:08,400 --> 20:19:09,400
including a star
32213
20:19:10,400 --> 20:19:11,400
bus
32214
20:19:11,600 --> 20:19:12,600
ring
32215
20:19:13,120 --> 20:19:14,120
mesh
32216
20:19:14,240 --> 20:19:15,240
and hybrid so let's quickly just go back
32217
20:19:16,400 --> 20:19:17,400
over everything we talked about one we
32218
20:19:17,832 --> 20:19:18,832
talked about a networking overview again
32219
20:19:20,160 --> 20:19:21,160
networking means i have two or more
32220
20:19:23,040 --> 20:19:24,040
nodes or computers that are connecting
32221
20:19:25,760 --> 20:19:26,760
together
32222
20:19:26,800 --> 20:19:27,800
generally to share resources in some way
32223
20:19:30,160 --> 20:19:31,160
shape or form
32224
20:19:31,832 --> 20:19:32,832
the networking types we looked at local
32225
20:19:33,760 --> 20:19:34,760
area network is a smaller geographic
32226
20:19:36,552 --> 20:19:37,552
area
32227
20:19:38,480 --> 20:19:39,480
it could be covered by
32228
20:19:40,552 --> 20:19:41,552
say your room
32229
20:19:42,160 --> 20:19:43,160
or a floor on the office or an entire
32230
20:19:45,040 --> 20:19:46,040
office building
32231
20:19:47,680 --> 20:19:48,680
okay
32232
20:19:49,120 --> 20:19:50,120
many lands
32233
20:19:51,832 --> 20:19:52,832
make up a wan
32234
20:19:54,800 --> 20:19:55,800
which the biggest win in the world is
32235
20:19:56,872 --> 20:19:57,872
the internet
32236
20:19:58,552 --> 20:19:59,552
wide area network the metropolitan or
32237
20:20:01,040 --> 20:20:02,040
municipal area network is generally
32238
20:20:03,192 --> 20:20:04,192
bounded by city limits or some such
32239
20:20:07,680 --> 20:20:08,680
distinction
32240
20:20:08,872 --> 20:20:09,872
a personal area network dealing with
32241
20:20:11,680 --> 20:20:12,680
bluetooth
32242
20:20:13,760 --> 20:20:14,760
we then looked at the network topologies
32243
20:20:16,160 --> 20:20:17,160
including a star
32244
20:20:19,440 --> 20:20:20,440
which looks like this you have a central
32245
20:20:21,760 --> 20:20:22,760
device
32246
20:20:25,832 --> 20:20:26,832
and it is also the most common
32247
20:20:30,872 --> 20:20:31,872
a bus
32248
20:20:32,240 --> 20:20:33,240
which means that all connect
32249
20:20:36,000 --> 20:20:37,000
through one backbone
32250
20:20:39,760 --> 20:20:40,760
a ring
32251
20:20:42,080 --> 20:20:43,080
in which
32252
20:20:43,920 --> 20:20:44,920
the devices are connected in sequence
32253
20:20:47,120 --> 20:20:48,120
mesh in which
32254
20:20:48,960 --> 20:20:49,960
every device connects
32255
20:20:52,320 --> 20:20:53,320
to every other device
32256
20:20:58,000 --> 20:20:59,000
okay so this is redundant
32257
20:21:01,600 --> 20:21:02,600
but also very expensive
32258
20:21:05,280 --> 20:21:06,280
and finally a hybrid
32259
20:21:07,280 --> 20:21:08,280
which
32260
20:21:12,480 --> 20:21:13,480
is a mix
32261
20:21:14,800 --> 20:21:15,800
of any other
32262
20:21:16,552 --> 20:21:17,552
topology
32263
20:21:21,120 --> 20:21:22,120
all right we've discussed networking
32264
20:21:22,720 --> 20:21:23,720
types and network topologies so now
32265
20:21:24,240 --> 20:21:25,240
let's keep
32266
20:21:25,280 --> 20:21:26,280
you know bulldozing into networking and
32267
20:21:26,960 --> 20:21:27,960
talk more and still in a general sense
32268
20:21:29,512 --> 20:21:30,512
about networking uh technologies
32269
20:21:33,040 --> 20:21:34,040
about the way that we set them up and
32270
20:21:34,640 --> 20:21:35,640
about the way we communicate over
32271
20:21:37,192 --> 20:21:38,192
networks
32272
20:21:41,620 --> 20:21:42,620
[Music]
32273
20:22:02,080 --> 20:22:03,080
networking network devices
32274
20:22:06,400 --> 20:22:07,400
we've discussed now the
32275
20:22:08,720 --> 20:22:09,720
uh the network types and the network
32276
20:22:10,552 --> 20:22:11,552
topologies right the types being
32277
20:22:13,920 --> 20:22:14,920
lan
32278
20:22:15,120 --> 20:22:16,120
wan
32279
20:22:17,192 --> 20:22:18,192
man
32280
20:22:21,440 --> 20:22:22,440
pan etc all these area networks but
32281
20:22:24,480 --> 20:22:25,480
these are logical distinctions for the
32282
20:22:26,480 --> 20:22:27,480
most part they tell us what kind of
32283
20:22:28,552 --> 20:22:29,552
network it is but they really don't tell
32284
20:22:30,640 --> 20:22:31,640
us how that network communicates and
32285
20:22:32,552 --> 20:22:33,552
same with the topology well it's great
32286
20:22:34,240 --> 20:22:35,240
to know physically how everything's
32287
20:22:35,760 --> 20:22:36,760
connected but what good is that without
32288
20:22:37,360 --> 20:22:38,360
knowing what is physically connecting
32289
20:22:39,360 --> 20:22:40,360
them to each other and allowing the
32290
20:22:41,040 --> 20:22:42,040
network to work
32291
20:22:42,400 --> 20:22:43,400
so what we're going to talk about in
32292
20:22:43,680 --> 20:22:44,680
this video is this one right over here
32293
20:22:46,000 --> 20:22:47,000
the network devices what allows all
32294
20:22:48,800 --> 20:22:49,800
these computers to communicate
32295
20:22:51,512 --> 20:22:52,512
with one another from a device level and
32296
20:22:53,832 --> 20:22:54,832
the different devices we're going to
32297
20:22:55,280 --> 20:22:56,280
find on the network
32298
20:22:57,040 --> 20:22:58,040
after we talk about this video then we
32299
20:22:58,720 --> 20:22:59,720
will get into the media that connects
32300
20:23:02,080 --> 20:23:03,080
all these devices okay but first we need
32301
20:23:04,160 --> 20:23:05,160
to talk about some of these devices and
32302
20:23:05,600 --> 20:23:06,600
there are a bunch on the exam
32303
20:23:07,680 --> 20:23:08,680
we're going to just briefly go over some
32304
20:23:10,080 --> 20:23:11,080
of them in a very brief way if you're
32305
20:23:12,320 --> 20:23:13,320
going to continue on to network plus
32306
20:23:13,832 --> 20:23:14,832
that's where we'll cover them in much
32307
20:23:15,280 --> 20:23:16,280
more depth and in network plus as well
32308
20:23:18,080 --> 20:23:19,080
it's going to be helpful to remember the
32309
20:23:19,760 --> 20:23:20,760
stuff we talk about right now because it
32310
20:23:21,600 --> 20:23:22,600
will feed over
32311
20:23:23,512 --> 20:23:24,512
so some of the devices we're going to
32312
20:23:25,360 --> 20:23:26,360
talk about include a hub which is an old
32313
20:23:29,280 --> 20:23:30,280
older device we don't see a lot anymore
32314
20:23:31,040 --> 20:23:32,040
for reasons we'll describe a switch
32315
20:23:33,832 --> 20:23:34,832
which if you recall we were talking
32316
20:23:35,120 --> 20:23:36,120
about lands allows all those local area
32317
20:23:38,080 --> 20:23:39,080
network computers to communicate and
32318
20:23:39,832 --> 20:23:40,832
connect with one another a router which
32319
20:23:42,480 --> 20:23:43,480
if you recall we talked about allows the
32320
20:23:44,552 --> 20:23:45,552
land to get out to the wan and i want to
32321
20:23:47,280 --> 20:23:48,280
make a distinction here with the router
32322
20:23:49,192 --> 20:23:50,192
in just a second
32323
20:23:51,440 --> 20:23:52,440
we're also going to talk about a
32324
20:23:52,400 --> 20:23:53,400
wireless access point which allows for
32325
20:23:54,640 --> 20:23:55,640
what are called unbounded connections
32326
20:23:58,320 --> 20:23:59,320
meaning that there is no wire they are
32327
20:24:00,800 --> 20:24:01,800
wireless
32328
20:24:02,080 --> 20:24:03,080
we're also going to look at a soho
32329
20:24:03,832 --> 20:24:04,832
wireless access point and router this is
32330
20:24:06,640 --> 20:24:07,640
a special device
32331
20:24:09,680 --> 20:24:10,680
that we see a lot in the market nowadays
32332
20:24:12,160 --> 20:24:13,160
especially in small offices and homes
32333
20:24:14,160 --> 20:24:15,160
places that they don't have their own
32334
20:24:15,440 --> 20:24:16,440
i.t department
32335
20:24:16,872 --> 20:24:17,872
and soho
32336
20:24:19,360 --> 20:24:20,360
stands for small office
32337
20:24:23,600 --> 20:24:24,600
home office
32338
20:24:29,120 --> 20:24:30,120
so it's important when you see soho
32339
20:24:31,920 --> 20:24:32,920
uh wireless access points slash router
32340
20:24:34,552 --> 20:24:35,552
or they might say it's a soho access
32341
20:24:36,800 --> 20:24:37,800
point or a soho route or whatever it is
32342
20:24:38,960 --> 20:24:39,960
when you see soho involved there just
32343
20:24:41,360 --> 20:24:42,360
remember that we're dealing with a
32344
20:24:42,720 --> 20:24:43,720
device that does
32345
20:24:44,480 --> 20:24:45,480
many different things the router we're
32346
20:24:46,240 --> 20:24:47,240
talking about here is only a router
32347
20:24:48,400 --> 20:24:49,400
a soho router which is the thing a lot
32348
20:24:50,400 --> 20:24:51,400
of people call a quote-unquote router at
32349
20:24:52,320 --> 20:24:53,320
their house is different
32350
20:24:54,640 --> 20:24:55,640
in an extent because it does more and
32351
20:24:56,800 --> 20:24:57,800
we're going to talk about those in great
32352
20:24:58,480 --> 20:24:59,480
detail later
32353
20:24:59,832 --> 20:25:00,832
a bridge which in some ways is linked to
32354
20:25:02,552 --> 20:25:03,552
a switch we'll talk about that
32355
20:25:06,320 --> 20:25:07,320
a more advanced device that you probably
32356
20:25:08,240 --> 20:25:09,240
won't deal with as much
32357
20:25:10,480 --> 20:25:11,480
network attached storage which is sort
32358
20:25:12,872 --> 20:25:13,872
of like a hard drive for the network
32359
20:25:15,440 --> 20:25:16,440
uh and we'll talk about that and those
32360
20:25:17,832 --> 20:25:18,832
the reason these are now devices is
32361
20:25:19,600 --> 20:25:20,600
they're their own
32362
20:25:20,960 --> 20:25:21,960
miniature sort of computers that don't
32363
20:25:22,872 --> 20:25:23,872
have an operating system they only serve
32364
20:25:26,320 --> 20:25:27,320
uh storage to the network and to the
32365
20:25:28,400 --> 20:25:29,400
network at large which we'll talk about
32366
20:25:31,360 --> 20:25:32,360
a modem which is an older device used
32367
20:25:34,552 --> 20:25:35,552
mostly for dial-up connections and i'm
32368
20:25:36,800 --> 20:25:37,800
going to point it out now although we'll
32369
20:25:38,240 --> 20:25:39,240
see it later
32370
20:25:39,760 --> 20:25:40,760
these two
32371
20:25:43,192 --> 20:25:44,192
acronyms you want to know pots and pstn
32372
20:25:46,640 --> 20:25:47,640
plain old telephone system
32373
20:25:49,280 --> 20:25:50,280
and public switched telephone network
32374
20:25:52,480 --> 20:25:53,480
modems allow communication over those
32375
20:25:55,760 --> 20:25:56,760
and you will see these a lot sometimes
32376
20:25:57,680 --> 20:25:58,680
they'll say what device allows
32377
20:25:59,832 --> 20:26:00,832
communication over a pots network and
32378
20:26:01,832 --> 20:26:02,832
that'll be a modem but again we'll
32379
20:26:03,680 --> 20:26:04,680
discuss that in more depth in just a
32380
20:26:05,280 --> 20:26:06,280
little bit
32381
20:26:06,320 --> 20:26:07,320
then we'll also look at internet
32382
20:26:07,760 --> 20:26:08,760
appliances there's a lot of different
32383
20:26:10,000 --> 20:26:11,000
definitions for this but it's really any
32384
20:26:12,240 --> 20:26:13,240
device that gets you out onto the
32385
20:26:14,000 --> 20:26:15,000
internet
32386
20:26:15,120 --> 20:26:16,120
one might consider their smartphone an
32387
20:26:17,512 --> 20:26:18,512
internet device or an internet appliance
32388
20:26:20,400 --> 20:26:21,400
and then a firewall which is
32389
20:26:24,320 --> 20:26:25,320
mostly used for security and we'll talk
32390
20:26:26,400 --> 20:26:27,400
about it more a soho
32391
20:26:29,600 --> 20:26:30,600
router has a firewall built in usually
32392
20:26:33,280 --> 20:26:34,280
and this is for security allowing
32393
20:26:35,360 --> 20:26:36,360
certain things in but not everything
32394
20:26:37,512 --> 20:26:38,512
like a wall of fire that allows certain
32395
20:26:39,512 --> 20:26:40,512
things in that are fire proofed but not
32396
20:26:42,240 --> 20:26:43,240
things that aren't water fire proofed
32397
20:26:45,920 --> 20:26:46,920
finally we're going to look at voip or
32398
20:26:48,000 --> 20:26:49,000
voice over ip
32399
20:26:55,760 --> 20:26:56,760
phones which are now this is sort of the
32400
20:26:58,160 --> 20:26:59,160
new technology we're seeing a lot more
32401
20:27:00,240 --> 20:27:01,240
in the market
32402
20:27:01,360 --> 20:27:02,360
um
32403
20:27:02,640 --> 20:27:03,640
this is what allows you to communicate
32404
20:27:05,760 --> 20:27:06,760
using uh with a phone over an internet
32405
20:27:08,400 --> 20:27:09,400
connection using voice packets over an
32406
20:27:11,192 --> 20:27:12,192
ip data network which we will talk about
32407
20:27:13,760 --> 20:27:14,760
as well all right
32408
20:27:15,920 --> 20:27:16,920
so let's start
32409
20:27:17,832 --> 20:27:18,832
by just discussing what a network device
32410
20:27:20,240 --> 20:27:21,240
is in general
32411
20:27:22,160 --> 20:27:23,160
basically they allow communication
32412
20:27:25,600 --> 20:27:26,600
between computers and nodes over media
32413
20:27:30,240 --> 20:27:31,240
the most basic type of network device
32414
20:27:32,872 --> 20:27:33,872
that we've already discussed to an
32415
20:27:34,720 --> 20:27:35,720
extent is what's called a network
32416
20:27:36,960 --> 20:27:37,960
interface card
32417
20:27:38,720 --> 20:27:39,720
or
32418
20:27:42,960 --> 20:27:43,960
a network adapter
32419
20:27:47,832 --> 20:27:48,832
this is what plugs into the computer and
32420
20:27:50,240 --> 20:27:51,240
allows the computer to talk over the
32421
20:27:53,360 --> 20:27:54,360
network okay so what we're talking about
32422
20:27:55,832 --> 20:27:56,832
are sort of larger network devices
32423
20:27:59,360 --> 20:28:00,360
and some of these are hubs switches
32424
20:28:01,280 --> 20:28:02,280
access points these are what the network
32425
20:28:03,280 --> 20:28:04,280
interface card and the media plug into
32426
20:28:06,552 --> 20:28:07,552
to allow multiple computers to
32427
20:28:08,552 --> 20:28:09,552
communicate with one another
32428
20:28:11,040 --> 20:28:12,040
and so they allow connectivity between
32429
20:28:14,000 --> 20:28:15,000
networks not just between
32430
20:28:16,832 --> 20:28:17,832
computers so for instance routers and
32431
20:28:20,000 --> 20:28:21,000
bridges connect networks together
32432
20:28:23,040 --> 20:28:24,040
whereas hubs and switches and access
32433
20:28:25,600 --> 20:28:26,600
points as you've discovered at home if
32434
20:28:27,680 --> 20:28:28,680
you have a wireless network connect
32435
20:28:29,512 --> 20:28:30,512
computers together okay
32436
20:28:32,400 --> 20:28:33,400
so remember these are what make up and
32437
20:28:35,040 --> 20:28:36,040
remember these because whenever you see
32438
20:28:37,120 --> 20:28:38,120
lan that's generally having to do with
32439
20:28:39,192 --> 20:28:40,192
one of these devices
32440
20:28:41,040 --> 20:28:42,040
whereas wan has to do generally
32441
20:28:44,400 --> 20:28:45,400
with one of these
32442
20:28:47,040 --> 20:28:48,040
they also provide security and
32443
20:28:49,040 --> 20:28:50,040
protection
32444
20:28:50,320 --> 20:28:51,320
such as a firewall
32445
20:28:52,800 --> 20:28:53,800
uh and other devices like that that
32446
20:28:55,040 --> 20:28:56,040
we'll see in network plus that we're not
32447
20:28:56,480 --> 20:28:57,480
going to cover here
32448
20:28:58,320 --> 20:28:59,320
so there's a lot of different devices
32449
20:29:00,240 --> 20:29:01,240
and they do a lot of different things
32450
20:29:03,920 --> 20:29:04,920
let's talk about the first one which we
32451
20:29:05,832 --> 20:29:06,832
don't see much anymore but we did 10
32452
20:29:08,080 --> 20:29:09,080
years ago and there were quite a lot of
32453
20:29:09,680 --> 20:29:10,680
them hubs this was the original
32454
20:29:11,920 --> 20:29:12,920
connecting device for computers on the
32455
20:29:13,680 --> 20:29:14,680
lan so remember we looked at that star
32456
20:29:15,680 --> 20:29:16,680
topology you would have four computers
32457
20:29:19,192 --> 20:29:20,192
that could all connect
32458
20:29:21,040 --> 20:29:22,040
into this hub
32459
20:29:22,960 --> 20:29:23,960
and they connected into the hub
32460
20:29:27,192 --> 20:29:28,192
and now
32461
20:29:28,400 --> 20:29:29,400
automatically i have a star network
32462
20:29:30,872 --> 20:29:31,872
right there's a central device and all
32463
20:29:32,480 --> 20:29:33,480
of them can connect to it so wonderful
32464
20:29:34,552 --> 20:29:35,552
perfect i'm done
32465
20:29:36,320 --> 20:29:37,320
well
32466
20:29:37,360 --> 20:29:38,360
this is a really basic device
32467
20:29:40,160 --> 20:29:41,160
and the problem with it was that it only
32468
20:29:42,640 --> 20:29:43,640
used one trunk circuit for multiple
32469
20:29:45,512 --> 20:29:46,512
ports
32470
20:29:46,552 --> 20:29:47,552
what that means is
32471
20:29:48,480 --> 20:29:49,480
inside of here
32472
20:29:52,480 --> 20:29:53,480
all of these basically guys just all
32473
20:29:54,800 --> 20:29:55,800
connect together
32474
20:29:57,360 --> 20:29:58,360
so
32475
20:29:58,320 --> 20:29:59,320
when
32476
20:30:01,512 --> 20:30:02,512
i'm just gonna write some letters on
32477
20:30:03,040 --> 20:30:04,040
here when a wants to communicate with b
32478
20:30:06,320 --> 20:30:07,320
it can't do so on a private line
32479
20:30:09,120 --> 20:30:10,120
if you are old enough you might remember
32480
20:30:10,872 --> 20:30:11,872
a party line
32481
20:30:12,552 --> 20:30:13,552
for your phone which meant that you pick
32482
20:30:14,720 --> 20:30:15,720
up the phone and someone else in the
32483
20:30:16,640 --> 20:30:17,640
neighborhood could possibly listen in it
32484
20:30:18,552 --> 20:30:19,552
was a party line it was shared
32485
20:30:21,512 --> 20:30:22,512
in the same way you're sharing all this
32486
20:30:24,480 --> 20:30:25,480
connectivity on the hub so if a
32487
20:30:27,512 --> 20:30:28,512
sends out a packet
32488
20:30:31,920 --> 20:30:32,920
into the hub
32489
20:30:33,360 --> 20:30:34,360
even though it's only meant for b
32490
20:30:38,960 --> 20:30:39,960
it's gonna go out to every computer
32491
20:30:43,120 --> 20:30:44,120
that's a distinction of a hub
32492
20:30:45,512 --> 20:30:46,512
when we get to switches it does
32493
20:30:46,800 --> 20:30:47,800
something different so a hub regenerates
32494
20:30:49,440 --> 20:30:50,440
the electrical signal
32495
20:30:51,280 --> 20:30:52,280
from one port to every other port
32496
20:30:54,800 --> 20:30:55,800
so it's like if i walked into a room and
32497
20:30:57,920 --> 20:30:58,920
and i had a note for someone and instead
32498
20:31:00,400 --> 20:31:01,400
of handing the note to the specific
32499
20:31:02,480 --> 20:31:03,480
person let's say bob i announced to the
32500
20:31:05,512 --> 20:31:06,512
entire room the note and i say this is
32501
20:31:08,400 --> 20:31:09,400
for bob and then i communicated the
32502
20:31:11,192 --> 20:31:12,192
message so you can see how this is going
32503
20:31:13,760 --> 20:31:14,760
to take a lot more
32504
20:31:15,600 --> 20:31:16,600
um
32505
20:31:18,552 --> 20:31:19,552
traffic network traffic and it's not
32506
20:31:20,552 --> 20:31:21,552
keeping things very private
32507
20:31:22,800 --> 20:31:23,800
so it causes this is the real issue it
32508
20:31:24,872 --> 20:31:25,872
caused a lot of broadcast traffic
32509
20:31:27,512 --> 20:31:28,512
because it broadcasts the data out to
32510
20:31:30,400 --> 20:31:31,400
every other system that's connected to
32511
20:31:32,480 --> 20:31:33,480
this hub
32512
20:31:34,960 --> 20:31:35,960
a switch on the other hand
32513
20:31:38,320 --> 20:31:39,320
is also a central connecting device that
32514
20:31:40,960 --> 20:31:41,960
allows all the computers to connect to
32515
20:31:43,040 --> 20:31:44,040
it
32516
20:31:43,832 --> 20:31:44,832
but
32517
20:31:44,800 --> 20:31:45,800
when it regenerates the signal from one
32518
20:31:47,440 --> 20:31:48,440
computer
32519
20:31:49,280 --> 20:31:50,280
and i'm just gonna
32520
20:31:50,720 --> 20:31:51,720
obviously this is a huge switch
32521
20:31:54,080 --> 20:31:55,080
okay
32522
20:31:54,872 --> 20:31:55,872
so i'm just gonna draw these
32523
20:31:56,872 --> 20:31:57,872
when it regenerates from one going to
32524
20:31:59,120 --> 20:32:00,120
the other
32525
20:32:03,280 --> 20:32:04,280
it actually sends
32526
20:32:05,360 --> 20:32:06,360
the data specifically
32527
20:32:08,160 --> 20:32:09,160
to the
32528
20:32:09,440 --> 20:32:10,440
computer it's meant for
32529
20:32:11,192 --> 20:32:12,192
so if i have all these computers
32530
20:32:17,120 --> 20:32:18,120
whereas a hub if a wanted to communicate
32531
20:32:19,832 --> 20:32:20,832
with h
32532
20:32:21,120 --> 20:32:22,120
a hub would contact every single one of
32533
20:32:23,760 --> 20:32:24,760
these computers
32534
20:32:25,680 --> 20:32:26,680
a switch on the other hand
32535
20:32:28,320 --> 20:32:29,320
uses the signal
32536
20:32:30,400 --> 20:32:31,400
and takes it and only sends it to the
32537
20:32:32,552 --> 20:32:33,552
person for whom it's dedicated
32538
20:32:36,160 --> 20:32:37,160
so a hub
32539
20:32:37,920 --> 20:32:38,920
sends it out to everyone it's like i'm
32540
20:32:39,512 --> 20:32:40,512
going into room and i yell it out
32541
20:32:41,760 --> 20:32:42,760
a switch takes that note and gives it
32542
20:32:44,320 --> 20:32:45,320
specifically to the person to whom it's
32543
20:32:46,240 --> 20:32:47,240
intended
32544
20:32:47,920 --> 20:32:48,920
this it does this by identifying what's
32545
20:32:50,240 --> 20:32:51,240
called the mac or physical address of
32546
20:32:52,800 --> 20:32:53,800
every computer
32547
20:32:54,552 --> 20:32:55,552
so each device on the network and the
32548
20:32:57,680 --> 20:32:58,680
switch has one too has what's called a
32549
20:33:00,320 --> 20:33:01,320
physical address
32550
20:33:02,400 --> 20:33:03,400
we're going to talk about these a little
32551
20:33:03,760 --> 20:33:04,760
more in depth as well but the physical
32552
20:33:05,680 --> 20:33:06,680
address is basically its social security
32553
20:33:08,720 --> 20:33:09,720
number it is its name that it cannot
32554
20:33:11,512 --> 20:33:12,512
change
32555
20:33:12,480 --> 20:33:13,480
and so what it does is it knows all the
32556
20:33:14,400 --> 20:33:15,400
mac addresses of every device on the
32557
20:33:16,720 --> 20:33:17,720
network
32558
20:33:18,080 --> 20:33:19,080
and what it can do therefore is it
32559
20:33:19,760 --> 20:33:20,760
creates a table and it says
32560
20:33:21,832 --> 20:33:22,832
a
32561
20:33:22,640 --> 20:33:23,640
equals this mac address
32562
20:33:25,760 --> 20:33:26,760
b equals this mac address etc etc
32563
20:33:29,680 --> 20:33:30,680
and so then when it when a says i want
32564
20:33:31,832 --> 20:33:32,832
to send it data to
32565
20:33:34,240 --> 20:33:35,240
computer h it knows by the mac address
32566
20:33:37,120 --> 20:33:38,120
which computer computer h is and it can
32567
20:33:38,872 --> 20:33:39,872
send the data specifically to that
32568
20:33:41,040 --> 20:33:42,040
computer so we're not broadcasting we're
32569
20:33:43,512 --> 20:33:44,512
using unicast now we're sending data
32570
20:33:45,760 --> 20:33:46,760
from one computer directly to the other
32571
20:33:48,160 --> 20:33:49,160
as long as they are all connected to
32572
20:33:50,640 --> 20:33:51,640
this route to this switch
32573
20:33:53,600 --> 20:33:54,600
okay
32574
20:33:54,480 --> 20:33:55,480
so every port has an individual entity
32575
20:33:58,000 --> 20:33:59,000
this therefore increases data throughput
32576
20:34:01,192 --> 20:34:02,192
and reduces excess broadcast traffic i'm
32577
20:34:03,920 --> 20:34:04,920
not having to send data to every single
32578
20:34:06,240 --> 20:34:07,240
computer every time i want to send
32579
20:34:07,512 --> 20:34:08,512
something i'm just sending it to the
32580
20:34:08,552 --> 20:34:09,552
person to whom it's intended
32581
20:34:10,400 --> 20:34:11,400
and that's going to increase
32582
20:34:12,160 --> 20:34:13,160
throughput because it knows where it's
32583
20:34:13,440 --> 20:34:14,440
going it's not driving all around the
32584
20:34:15,192 --> 20:34:16,192
city it has a direct route
32585
20:34:19,600 --> 20:34:20,600
now a router is the next level up from a
32586
20:34:22,320 --> 20:34:23,320
switch
32587
20:34:23,680 --> 20:34:24,680
it's used to connect two or more
32588
20:34:25,512 --> 20:34:26,512
networks together to form an internet
32589
20:34:29,680 --> 20:34:30,680
work
32590
20:34:33,832 --> 20:34:34,832
allowing data to leave and return to the
32591
20:34:35,760 --> 20:34:36,760
local network
32592
20:34:37,192 --> 20:34:38,192
so
32593
20:34:38,400 --> 20:34:39,400
i have
32594
20:34:41,832 --> 20:34:42,832
a switch
32595
20:34:46,240 --> 20:34:47,240
and it connects let's say
32596
20:34:48,720 --> 20:34:49,720
five computers
32597
20:34:54,400 --> 20:34:55,400
and we'll call them one two three
32598
20:34:57,680 --> 20:34:58,680
four
32599
20:34:58,480 --> 20:34:59,480
five
32600
20:35:01,440 --> 20:35:02,440
one of these computers wants to go to
32601
20:35:03,440 --> 20:35:04,440
google's website
32602
20:35:05,192 --> 20:35:06,192
well the switch is not connected to
32603
20:35:06,960 --> 20:35:07,960
google's website what it needs to do
32604
20:35:10,160 --> 20:35:11,160
is connect through
32605
20:35:12,240 --> 20:35:13,240
a router
32606
20:35:14,400 --> 20:35:15,400
and the router is responsible then for
32607
20:35:16,960 --> 20:35:17,960
sending that data out to google
32608
20:35:23,512 --> 20:35:24,512
and then it comes back
32609
20:35:26,000 --> 20:35:27,000
the router sends to the switch and the
32610
20:35:27,760 --> 20:35:28,760
switch can send it back to the computer
32611
20:35:31,360 --> 20:35:32,360
so again the router allows us to get
32612
20:35:33,600 --> 20:35:34,600
outside of our lan
32613
20:35:35,680 --> 20:35:36,680
switches are for inside of our lan now i
32614
20:35:38,320 --> 20:35:39,320
might have
32615
20:35:42,160 --> 20:35:43,160
several switches
32616
20:35:45,600 --> 20:35:46,600
within the land so i can have thousands
32617
20:35:47,600 --> 20:35:48,600
of computers but whenever they want to
32618
20:35:49,920 --> 20:35:50,920
get outside of the network to outside to
32619
20:35:52,240 --> 20:35:53,240
the wan we have to go through a router
32620
20:35:56,240 --> 20:35:57,240
so it routes data from one location
32621
20:35:58,080 --> 20:35:59,080
another by way of what's called an ip
32622
20:36:00,080 --> 20:36:01,080
address
32623
20:36:01,832 --> 20:36:02,832
an ip address is a number given to
32624
20:36:05,192 --> 20:36:06,192
every device on the network every device
32625
20:36:07,512 --> 20:36:08,512
on the internet has an ip address we're
32626
20:36:09,280 --> 20:36:10,280
going to talk about those in much more
32627
20:36:10,720 --> 20:36:11,720
depth but it works at a higher level
32628
20:36:12,800 --> 20:36:13,800
than mac addresses mac addresses as you
32629
20:36:15,120 --> 20:36:16,120
could imagine are like
32630
20:36:16,960 --> 20:36:17,960
your social security number given out by
32631
20:36:18,872 --> 20:36:19,872
the us government or
32632
20:36:23,360 --> 20:36:24,360
a number given out by the military
32633
20:36:25,280 --> 20:36:26,280
sometimes give serial numbers to
32634
20:36:26,720 --> 20:36:27,720
individuals it does not change it is you
32635
20:36:28,872 --> 20:36:29,872
forever
32636
20:36:29,920 --> 20:36:30,920
your ip address would be like the
32637
20:36:31,760 --> 20:36:32,760
nickname we're going to call you or
32638
20:36:34,000 --> 20:36:35,000
another way to think about it is your
32639
20:36:36,080 --> 20:36:37,080
phone number it would be a mac address
32640
20:36:38,800 --> 20:36:39,800
now i don't know about you but i don't
32641
20:36:40,080 --> 20:36:41,080
remember a lot of phone numbers i put
32642
20:36:41,600 --> 20:36:42,600
them into my cell phone and i just go to
32643
20:36:43,680 --> 20:36:44,680
the name
32644
20:36:45,120 --> 20:36:46,120
so if i want to call
32645
20:36:47,440 --> 20:36:48,440
bob i don't type in bob's phone number i
32646
20:36:50,400 --> 20:36:51,400
just type in bob
32647
20:36:52,320 --> 20:36:53,320
and then the computer does the rest for
32648
20:36:54,480 --> 20:36:55,480
me in the same way the router
32649
20:36:57,760 --> 20:36:58,760
knows
32650
20:37:00,000 --> 20:37:01,000
how to communicate because it can deal
32651
20:37:02,080 --> 20:37:03,080
with bob
32652
20:37:03,512 --> 20:37:04,512
switches can't do that switches need to
32653
20:37:05,280 --> 20:37:06,280
know the phone number and if i'm talking
32654
20:37:06,872 --> 20:37:07,872
about a phone number across the world
32655
20:37:08,240 --> 20:37:09,240
that's going to get very difficult so
32656
20:37:10,160 --> 20:37:11,160
again routers use ip addresses
32657
20:37:14,080 --> 20:37:15,080
switches use mac addresses which are the
32658
20:37:16,640 --> 20:37:17,640
hardwired ones that might make a little
32659
20:37:18,400 --> 20:37:19,400
more sense later on the important thing
32660
20:37:20,552 --> 20:37:21,552
to remember is that
32661
20:37:22,080 --> 20:37:23,080
routers are dealing with the wan and
32662
20:37:23,832 --> 20:37:24,832
switches are dealing with the land we
32663
20:37:25,440 --> 20:37:26,440
don't really see hubs anymore because
32664
20:37:26,960 --> 20:37:27,960
they're too much broadcast traffic all
32665
20:37:29,360 --> 20:37:30,360
right
32666
20:37:30,480 --> 20:37:31,480
and as i mentioned they route signals
32667
20:37:32,480 --> 20:37:33,480
for all the computers on the lan out to
32668
20:37:34,480 --> 20:37:35,480
the network so even though i might have
32669
20:37:35,832 --> 20:37:36,832
a thousand computers i only need one
32670
20:37:37,512 --> 20:37:38,512
router
32671
20:37:39,600 --> 20:37:40,600
larger organizations also will use
32672
20:37:41,280 --> 20:37:42,280
advanced routers so they can connect to
32673
20:37:43,832 --> 20:37:44,832
multiple networks outside of themselves
32674
20:37:45,832 --> 20:37:46,832
including the internet this is something
32675
20:37:47,680 --> 20:37:48,680
called a vpn concentrator
32676
20:37:50,000 --> 20:37:51,000
or a vpn
32677
20:37:52,960 --> 20:37:53,960
a vpn device we'll talk about vpns a
32678
20:37:55,600 --> 20:37:56,600
little bit later but that'll allow you
32679
20:37:57,360 --> 20:37:58,360
to do other things than just connect out
32680
20:37:59,360 --> 20:38:00,360
to the network
32681
20:38:02,400 --> 20:38:03,400
wireless access point
32682
20:38:04,160 --> 20:38:05,160
this enables data communication over the
32683
20:38:06,640 --> 20:38:07,640
air as long as the node
32684
20:38:09,832 --> 20:38:10,832
whether it's the computer a printer your
32685
20:38:12,640 --> 20:38:13,640
smartphone whatever is equipped with a
32686
20:38:15,680 --> 20:38:16,680
wireless networking adapter
32687
20:38:18,400 --> 20:38:19,400
so
32688
20:38:19,680 --> 20:38:20,680
as long as
32689
20:38:22,000 --> 20:38:23,000
one of these is connected
32690
20:38:24,872 --> 20:38:25,872
to my computer i can connect to the
32691
20:38:27,040 --> 20:38:28,040
access point the wireless access point
32692
20:38:29,920 --> 20:38:30,920
and don't forget you can have i mean i
32693
20:38:32,552 --> 20:38:33,552
don't
32694
20:38:33,280 --> 20:38:34,280
you can forget it because i haven't told
32695
20:38:34,552 --> 20:38:35,552
you yet you can have multiple access
32696
20:38:37,040 --> 20:38:38,040
points
32697
20:38:40,160 --> 20:38:41,160
that all connect
32698
20:38:42,000 --> 20:38:43,000
through one switch
32699
20:38:44,640 --> 20:38:45,640
so if i have a very large building i can
32700
20:38:46,720 --> 20:38:47,720
have access points in different spots in
32701
20:38:48,400 --> 20:38:49,400
that building and then these each create
32702
20:38:50,800 --> 20:38:51,800
a wireless network
32703
20:38:52,720 --> 20:38:53,720
by which i can connect to my
32704
20:38:54,800 --> 20:38:55,800
switch and once i'm on the switch i'm on
32705
20:38:56,320 --> 20:38:57,320
the network okay the access point really
32706
20:38:59,360 --> 20:39:00,360
what it does is it replaces bounded
32707
20:39:01,680 --> 20:39:02,680
media it replaces chords
32708
20:39:04,240 --> 20:39:05,240
so that's that's the important thing
32709
20:39:05,680 --> 20:39:06,680
with an access point
32710
20:39:07,192 --> 20:39:08,192
um
32711
20:39:08,640 --> 20:39:09,640
it transmits the data using radio waves
32712
20:39:11,360 --> 20:39:12,360
and it uses either 2.4 gigahertz or 5
32713
20:39:14,080 --> 20:39:15,080
gigahertz frequencies we're going to
32714
20:39:15,680 --> 20:39:16,680
talk a lot more about wireless or what's
32715
20:39:18,320 --> 20:39:19,320
called the 802 11 standard but just know
32716
20:39:21,680 --> 20:39:22,680
that an access point is that device okay
32717
20:39:24,720 --> 20:39:25,720
so at home you have something different
32718
20:39:27,600 --> 20:39:28,600
it is access point it is also a router
32719
20:39:30,480 --> 20:39:31,480
we're talking about a device that only
32720
20:39:32,552 --> 20:39:33,552
is an access point that's it
32721
20:39:37,040 --> 20:39:38,040
and it brings as i mentioned mobility to
32722
20:39:39,440 --> 20:39:40,440
a new level because now you don't have
32723
20:39:41,040 --> 20:39:42,040
to worry about being stuck by a cord
32724
20:39:45,680 --> 20:39:46,680
so a soho or a small office home office
32725
20:39:49,040 --> 20:39:50,040
access point and router
32726
20:39:51,192 --> 20:39:52,192
these have a bunch of things in them
32727
20:39:53,120 --> 20:39:54,120
they have a router built in they have an
32728
20:39:55,512 --> 20:39:56,512
access point built in they have a
32729
20:39:57,440 --> 20:39:58,440
firewall built in they have something
32730
20:39:58,872 --> 20:39:59,872
called a dhcp server that we're going to
32731
20:40:00,960 --> 20:40:01,960
talk about in the next lesson built in
32732
20:40:04,160 --> 20:40:05,160
these things have tons of features it's
32733
20:40:08,000 --> 20:40:09,000
feature rich
32734
20:40:09,920 --> 20:40:10,920
now why is that good for a small office
32735
20:40:12,240 --> 20:40:13,240
home office well i don't need a lot of
32736
20:40:14,320 --> 20:40:15,320
features and i don't need to have they
32737
20:40:15,920 --> 20:40:16,920
can be pre-configured i don't have a lot
32738
20:40:17,280 --> 20:40:18,280
of specialty things
32739
20:40:19,280 --> 20:40:20,280
in a business setting though i don't
32740
20:40:21,120 --> 20:40:22,120
want one device that can do 10 things
32741
20:40:23,760 --> 20:40:24,760
because what if one of those 10 things
32742
20:40:25,512 --> 20:40:26,512
goes bad i've just lost the entire
32743
20:40:27,920 --> 20:40:28,920
device so that's why these are really
32744
20:40:29,680 --> 20:40:30,680
used in small office home office
32745
20:40:32,000 --> 20:40:33,000
and it's an important distinction to
32746
20:40:34,552 --> 20:40:35,552
realize the soho access point as opposed
32747
20:40:37,680 --> 20:40:38,680
to
32748
20:40:38,640 --> 20:40:39,640
a plain old router if they say soho
32749
20:40:41,192 --> 20:40:42,192
router or soho access point then that's
32750
20:40:44,000 --> 20:40:45,000
something special they just say regular
32751
20:40:46,160 --> 20:40:47,160
router then you're not dealing with a
32752
20:40:47,832 --> 20:40:48,832
wireless device sometimes they'll say a
32753
20:40:49,920 --> 20:40:50,920
soho router and they expect you to know
32754
20:40:52,080 --> 20:40:53,080
that that means it's also an access
32755
20:40:54,080 --> 20:40:55,080
point or a soho access point and they
32756
20:40:56,552 --> 20:40:57,552
expect you to realize that that's also a
32757
20:40:58,000 --> 20:40:59,000
router okay so sometimes when we're
32758
20:41:00,080 --> 20:41:01,080
talking about these things we're going
32759
20:41:01,192 --> 20:41:02,192
to mention soho routers or soho access
32760
20:41:03,680 --> 20:41:04,680
points and that is an important
32761
20:41:05,280 --> 20:41:06,280
distinction to make
32762
20:41:07,280 --> 20:41:08,280
by the way these can also be referred to
32763
20:41:08,872 --> 20:41:09,872
as multi-function network devices soho
32764
20:41:11,512 --> 20:41:12,512
routers and many people you're going to
32765
20:41:13,760 --> 20:41:14,760
hear in the field say oh my router
32766
20:41:16,320 --> 20:41:17,320
i have a router
32767
20:41:18,160 --> 20:41:19,160
actually you have a router but it's
32768
20:41:19,832 --> 20:41:20,832
really an access point with a whole
32769
20:41:21,360 --> 20:41:22,360
bunch of other stuff on it if you had a
32770
20:41:23,192 --> 20:41:24,192
real you know real routers for
32771
20:41:25,680 --> 20:41:26,680
businesses can cost hundreds if not
32772
20:41:27,600 --> 20:41:28,600
thousands of dollars depending on the
32773
20:41:29,440 --> 20:41:30,440
needs
32774
20:41:33,600 --> 20:41:34,600
all right a bridge similar in some ways
32775
20:41:36,960 --> 20:41:37,960
to
32776
20:41:39,512 --> 20:41:40,512
a a switch in the way it works but
32777
20:41:42,552 --> 20:41:43,552
similar to a router and what it does
32778
20:41:45,040 --> 20:41:46,040
this is a device that can either connect
32779
20:41:47,120 --> 20:41:48,120
two different lands together or separate
32780
20:41:50,480 --> 20:41:51,480
them into two sections i'm going to
32781
20:41:52,400 --> 20:41:53,400
explain why you'd want to do that in a
32782
20:41:54,160 --> 20:41:55,160
minute
32783
20:41:58,000 --> 20:41:59,000
let's say i have switches going back and
32784
20:42:00,480 --> 20:42:01,480
so i had a bunch of let's say each of
32785
20:42:01,760 --> 20:42:02,760
these is a switch
32786
20:42:03,280 --> 20:42:04,280
and every time and i know these guys are
32787
20:42:06,320 --> 20:42:07,320
never communicating with these guys
32788
20:42:09,440 --> 20:42:10,440
all this stuff creates network traffic i
32789
20:42:11,512 --> 20:42:12,512
mean switches do a pretty good job but
32790
20:42:13,680 --> 20:42:14,680
still there's a lot of network traffic
32791
20:42:15,192 --> 20:42:16,192
going back and forth and so what i might
32792
20:42:17,600 --> 20:42:18,600
want to do
32793
20:42:19,280 --> 20:42:20,280
is create something that's going to act
32794
20:42:21,440 --> 20:42:22,440
as a buffer so if a packet goes here
32795
20:42:25,440 --> 20:42:26,440
that is meant for the computer on this
32796
20:42:27,440 --> 20:42:28,440
side the bridge will say no don't don't
32797
20:42:29,600 --> 20:42:30,600
send it over that keeps if i erase on my
32798
20:42:32,400 --> 20:42:33,400
terrible drawing as these lines indicate
32799
20:42:35,040 --> 20:42:36,040
that keeps data it keeps traffic from
32800
20:42:38,400 --> 20:42:39,400
going over to the other side of the
32801
20:42:39,600 --> 20:42:40,600
network
32802
20:42:40,800 --> 20:42:41,800
so in some ways like a toll bridge in
32803
20:42:42,640 --> 20:42:43,640
certain major metropolitan areas they'll
32804
20:42:45,120 --> 20:42:46,120
charge you a lot of money to go over so
32805
20:42:46,960 --> 20:42:47,960
they can reduce traffic this does the
32806
20:42:48,800 --> 20:42:49,800
same thing
32807
20:42:50,240 --> 20:42:51,240
there are wired and there are wireless
32808
20:42:52,160 --> 20:42:53,160
bridges and the wireless ones are more
32809
20:42:54,552 --> 20:42:55,552
are used today to increase the size of
32810
20:42:56,552 --> 20:42:57,552
networks so you'll connect two lans
32811
20:42:59,280 --> 20:43:00,280
together
32812
20:43:00,640 --> 20:43:01,640
using a wireless bridge
32813
20:43:02,640 --> 20:43:03,640
meaning that uh i don't have i have two
32814
20:43:05,120 --> 20:43:06,120
connect i have two i have two networks
32815
20:43:07,192 --> 20:43:08,192
and i need to connect them over a long
32816
20:43:08,640 --> 20:43:09,640
distance using a wireless sort of bridge
32817
20:43:11,120 --> 20:43:12,120
so they can connect these two networks
32818
20:43:13,440 --> 20:43:14,440
but generally speaking and when i've
32819
20:43:15,040 --> 20:43:16,040
seen them it's generally to help reduce
32820
20:43:16,960 --> 20:43:17,960
network traffic by blocking stuff that
32821
20:43:19,192 --> 20:43:20,192
doesn't belong on this network over here
32822
20:43:21,920 --> 20:43:22,920
and when we get to network plus we'll
32823
20:43:23,440 --> 20:43:24,440
talk about specifically how it does that
32824
20:43:25,440 --> 20:43:26,440
but in a plus just know that that it's
32825
20:43:27,680 --> 20:43:28,680
reducing broadcast traffic
32826
20:43:31,360 --> 20:43:32,360
network attached storage this is a
32827
20:43:33,440 --> 20:43:34,440
device that contains multiple hard
32828
20:43:36,400 --> 20:43:37,400
drives
32829
20:43:40,480 --> 20:43:41,480
and connects directly to the network
32830
20:43:43,192 --> 20:43:44,192
so it's like adding a removable hard
32831
20:43:44,960 --> 20:43:45,960
drive or a usb hard drive but to your
32832
20:43:46,800 --> 20:43:47,800
network
32833
20:43:47,760 --> 20:43:48,760
so there's a
32834
20:43:49,360 --> 20:43:50,360
rj45 cable back here
32835
20:43:52,800 --> 20:43:53,800
remember what those look like
32836
20:43:56,240 --> 20:43:57,240
okay and it connects that out to my
32837
20:44:00,160 --> 20:44:01,160
switch
32838
20:44:03,192 --> 20:44:04,192
so that every device can connect to this
32839
20:44:06,000 --> 20:44:07,000
generally speaking you're not going to
32840
20:44:07,192 --> 20:44:08,192
see these in this form in a business
32841
20:44:10,240 --> 20:44:11,240
setting more in a home setting these
32842
20:44:11,832 --> 20:44:12,832
smaller network attached storage devices
32843
20:44:13,832 --> 20:44:14,832
there are larger network attached
32844
20:44:15,440 --> 20:44:16,440
storage devices specifically for um
32845
20:44:18,240 --> 20:44:19,240
companies and
32846
20:44:19,440 --> 20:44:20,440
larger enterprises and the reason i want
32847
20:44:20,800 --> 20:44:21,800
that is they these do not have
32848
20:44:23,360 --> 20:44:24,360
um
32849
20:44:24,872 --> 20:44:25,872
uh
32850
20:44:26,000 --> 20:44:27,000
operating systems okay so they can so we
32851
20:44:28,640 --> 20:44:29,640
can store and retrieve data from the
32852
20:44:30,240 --> 20:44:31,240
devices mapped as network drives which
32853
20:44:32,640 --> 20:44:33,640
we'll talk about how to do and we can
32854
20:44:34,640 --> 20:44:35,640
explore them from the network but from
32855
20:44:36,800 --> 20:44:37,800
my operating system but i don't need
32856
20:44:38,640 --> 20:44:39,640
this doesn't have an operating system on
32857
20:44:40,640 --> 20:44:41,640
it it's plug and go it's plug and play i
32858
20:44:43,832 --> 20:44:44,832
don't have to do anything special so a
32859
20:44:45,832 --> 20:44:46,832
network attached storage device and nas
32860
20:44:49,440 --> 20:44:50,440
specifically allows me to upgrade the
32861
20:44:52,160 --> 20:44:53,160
storage on my network but not on a
32862
20:44:54,320 --> 20:44:55,320
specific computer and because there's no
32863
20:44:56,552 --> 20:44:57,552
operating system on this thing there's
32864
20:44:58,720 --> 20:44:59,720
less things that can go wrong with it
32865
20:45:02,240 --> 20:45:03,240
uh it also off yes so as i mentioned
32866
20:45:04,552 --> 20:45:05,552
high speed access to storage with no
32867
20:45:06,552 --> 20:45:07,552
operating system by the way i just want
32868
20:45:08,400 --> 20:45:09,400
to make a distinction between this and
32869
20:45:10,000 --> 20:45:11,000
something called a san
32870
20:45:11,680 --> 20:45:12,680
a storage area network which we'll talk
32871
20:45:14,240 --> 20:45:15,240
about in network plus
32872
20:45:16,640 --> 20:45:17,640
so an nas and a sand there they're
32873
20:45:18,800 --> 20:45:19,800
backwards from each other but a san is a
32874
20:45:21,920 --> 20:45:22,920
storage area network which is like this
32875
20:45:24,960 --> 20:45:25,960
but an entire network of them so instead
32876
20:45:27,680 --> 20:45:28,680
of a local area network it's a storage
32877
20:45:29,760 --> 20:45:30,760
area network it's a small network that
32878
20:45:31,440 --> 20:45:32,440
only has storage devices
32879
20:45:34,400 --> 20:45:35,400
all right
32880
20:45:35,512 --> 20:45:36,512
a modem
32881
20:45:36,960 --> 20:45:37,960
this provides internet and wan
32882
20:45:38,640 --> 20:45:39,640
connectivity so before we had routers
32883
20:45:42,080 --> 20:45:43,080
and all this stuff at least at home and
32884
20:45:44,240 --> 20:45:45,240
before we had broadband internet we had
32885
20:45:46,552 --> 20:45:47,552
no dial up right and so the modem which
32886
20:45:49,680 --> 20:45:50,680
stands for
32887
20:45:50,960 --> 20:45:51,960
um modulate and demodulate takes analog
32888
20:45:54,640 --> 20:45:55,640
signals
32889
20:45:55,680 --> 20:45:56,680
over the phone line
32890
20:45:57,440 --> 20:45:58,440
and that
32891
20:45:58,320 --> 20:45:59,320
like facts sound if you remember dialing
32892
20:46:00,872 --> 20:46:01,872
up and it com puts them into digital
32893
20:46:04,000 --> 20:46:05,000
so you can talk data and then it
32894
20:46:05,832 --> 20:46:06,832
converts it back again
32895
20:46:07,920 --> 20:46:08,920
so a modem modulates and demodulates
32896
20:46:14,480 --> 20:46:15,480
network data and allows you to use the
32897
20:46:19,120 --> 20:46:20,120
plain
32898
20:46:21,280 --> 20:46:22,280
uh
32899
20:46:24,800 --> 20:46:25,800
plain old
32900
20:46:30,400 --> 20:46:31,400
system
32901
20:46:32,720 --> 20:46:33,720
or the
32902
20:46:33,680 --> 20:46:34,680
public
32903
20:46:35,512 --> 20:46:36,512
switched
32904
20:46:38,400 --> 20:46:39,400
telephone
32905
20:46:41,360 --> 20:46:42,360
network
32906
20:46:42,400 --> 20:46:43,400
okay both basically the same thing
32907
20:46:46,720 --> 20:46:47,720
as i mentioned changing dig digital
32908
20:46:48,480 --> 20:46:49,480
signals of a computer to the anal analog
32909
20:46:50,720 --> 20:46:51,720
signals used by typical land-based phone
32910
20:46:53,040 --> 20:46:54,040
lines and back and forth vice versa
32911
20:46:56,160 --> 20:46:57,160
often by the way very slow device i
32912
20:46:59,120 --> 20:47:00,120
think it was limited
32913
20:47:01,512 --> 20:47:02,512
to 53 kilobits per second was the
32914
20:47:05,040 --> 20:47:06,040
fastest modem they were ever able to
32915
20:47:06,720 --> 20:47:07,720
really come out with i think actually it
32916
20:47:08,552 --> 20:47:09,552
was 56 kilobits per second but the
32917
20:47:11,192 --> 20:47:12,192
problem was that the phone line could
32918
20:47:12,720 --> 20:47:13,720
only support 53 kilobits per second so
32919
20:47:16,872 --> 20:47:17,872
compare that with the you know 15
32920
20:47:19,280 --> 20:47:20,280
megabits per second you're getting on
32921
20:47:20,640 --> 20:47:21,640
your broadband connection
32922
20:47:24,000 --> 20:47:25,000
by the way also used only if there's no
32923
20:47:26,320 --> 20:47:27,320
other internet option available nowadays
32924
20:47:28,320 --> 20:47:29,320
or if you're in and believe it or not
32925
20:47:30,160 --> 20:47:31,160
there's a lot of people who still are
32926
20:47:31,680 --> 20:47:32,680
dialing up as odd as that is for certain
32927
20:47:34,480 --> 20:47:35,480
people in um
32928
20:47:36,720 --> 20:47:37,720
uh in metropolitan areas a lot of rural
32929
20:47:39,512 --> 20:47:40,512
areas you still have dial-up networking
32930
20:47:43,680 --> 20:47:44,680
so also might be used in server rooms as
32931
20:47:47,040 --> 20:47:48,040
points of remote administration meaning
32932
20:47:49,600 --> 20:47:50,600
i'm going to dial into my server room in
32933
20:47:52,160 --> 20:47:53,160
order to access things and to make
32934
20:47:53,920 --> 20:47:54,920
changes nowadays however this is
32935
20:47:56,080 --> 20:47:57,080
probably done over the network using
32936
20:47:58,480 --> 20:47:59,480
some security
32937
20:48:01,120 --> 20:48:02,120
all right an internet appliance
32938
20:48:03,440 --> 20:48:04,440
refers really to any device that enables
32939
20:48:06,000 --> 20:48:07,000
easy connectivity to the internet but
32940
20:48:08,160 --> 20:48:09,160
doesn't really do much else here i have
32941
20:48:10,720 --> 20:48:11,720
if you recall i don't remember if you
32942
20:48:12,480 --> 20:48:13,480
guys remember this but i do a web tv
32943
20:48:15,280 --> 20:48:16,280
which was a device that was basically a
32944
20:48:17,920 --> 20:48:18,920
computer
32945
20:48:19,192 --> 20:48:20,192
but it connected to your tv allowed you
32946
20:48:21,280 --> 20:48:22,280
to get email and browse the internet to
32947
20:48:23,040 --> 20:48:24,040
an extent but it was not a fully
32948
20:48:25,040 --> 20:48:26,040
functioning operating system computer
32949
20:48:27,192 --> 20:48:28,192
i mean it had an operating system but
32950
20:48:28,872 --> 20:48:29,872
the operating system's goal was simply
32951
20:48:30,552 --> 20:48:31,552
to allow you as a user on your
32952
20:48:32,080 --> 20:48:33,080
television to access the internet
32953
20:48:35,192 --> 20:48:36,192
so web tv is a good example some people
32954
20:48:38,480 --> 20:48:39,480
refer to tablets as an internet
32955
20:48:40,080 --> 20:48:41,080
appliance uh although
32956
20:48:43,280 --> 20:48:44,280
i disagree because i think a tablet or a
32957
20:48:46,800 --> 20:48:47,800
smartphone is now a computer and i think
32958
20:48:48,872 --> 20:48:49,872
these are computers too so it's sort of
32959
20:48:50,552 --> 20:48:51,552
a poor
32960
20:48:51,832 --> 20:48:52,832
it's sort of a legacy term because
32961
20:48:54,080 --> 20:48:55,080
nowadays we don't really have devices
32962
20:48:56,320 --> 20:48:57,320
that only get to the internet this also
32963
20:48:58,640 --> 20:48:59,640
might be sort of like a thin client
32964
20:49:02,080 --> 20:49:03,080
because it is only connected to the
32965
20:49:03,760 --> 20:49:04,760
internet it's not really doing anything
32966
20:49:05,832 --> 20:49:06,832
else but either way
32967
20:49:08,400 --> 20:49:09,400
uh if you see internet appliance pop up
32968
20:49:10,080 --> 20:49:11,080
in the exam now you know what it is
32969
20:49:12,960 --> 20:49:13,960
finally i want to talk about firewall
32970
20:49:14,720 --> 20:49:15,720
this is a hardware or a software
32971
20:49:16,872 --> 20:49:17,872
appliance so it can exist either in a
32972
20:49:18,800 --> 20:49:19,800
physical hardware like your your soho
32973
20:49:21,600 --> 20:49:22,600
router or it can be a piece of software
32974
20:49:23,360 --> 20:49:24,360
for instance on the computer that
32975
20:49:25,120 --> 20:49:26,120
protects from unwanted intrusion
32976
20:49:28,000 --> 20:49:29,000
for small offices and home offices the
32977
20:49:30,320 --> 20:49:31,320
firewall is built into that soho router
32978
20:49:33,600 --> 20:49:34,600
so you have a soho router that generally
32979
20:49:35,920 --> 20:49:36,920
is going to have this firewall built
32980
20:49:37,680 --> 20:49:38,680
into it
32981
20:49:38,720 --> 20:49:39,720
in large organizations you literally
32982
20:49:40,720 --> 20:49:41,720
have a device called a firewall that
32983
20:49:42,400 --> 20:49:43,400
plugs up so what it does like a fire it
32984
20:49:45,760 --> 20:49:46,760
allows some stuff in and some stuff it
32985
20:49:48,480 --> 20:49:49,480
does not allow in
32986
20:49:50,080 --> 20:49:51,080
so if you use some arrows there so some
32987
20:49:51,600 --> 20:49:52,600
of it lifts lets through some things it
32988
20:49:53,360 --> 20:49:54,360
doesn't let through and the reason it
32989
20:49:54,960 --> 20:49:55,960
knows what to let through and what not
32990
20:49:56,320 --> 20:49:57,320
to let through is based on what are
32991
20:49:57,760 --> 20:49:58,760
called rules and you can create inbound
32992
20:50:04,800 --> 20:50:05,800
and outbound rules
32993
20:50:07,440 --> 20:50:08,440
so out would be this way in would be
32994
20:50:09,832 --> 20:50:10,832
this way okay
32995
20:50:12,240 --> 20:50:13,240
it can also block basic networking
32996
20:50:14,240 --> 20:50:15,240
attacks
32997
20:50:15,760 --> 20:50:16,760
most you know if
32998
20:50:17,360 --> 20:50:18,360
they're really good they're going to be
32999
20:50:18,400 --> 20:50:19,400
able to get past it anyway but the idea
33000
20:50:20,240 --> 20:50:21,240
is
33001
20:50:21,680 --> 20:50:22,680
why would a burglar rob your house if
33002
20:50:24,160 --> 20:50:25,160
you have a lock on it and your neighbor
33003
20:50:25,600 --> 20:50:26,600
doesn't
33004
20:50:26,720 --> 20:50:27,720
so you want to give yourself as many
33005
20:50:28,080 --> 20:50:29,080
options not to get
33006
20:50:29,512 --> 20:50:30,512
attacked than to get attacked so it can
33007
20:50:32,240 --> 20:50:33,240
block basic networking attacks and might
33008
20:50:34,872 --> 20:50:35,872
deter someone from trying to break into
33009
20:50:36,640 --> 20:50:37,640
your network
33010
20:50:37,760 --> 20:50:38,760
if you have a soho firewall and a
33011
20:50:40,960 --> 20:50:41,960
firewall on your system you're doing
33012
20:50:43,192 --> 20:50:44,192
double duty you have double the amount
33013
20:50:45,040 --> 20:50:46,040
of
33014
20:50:46,160 --> 20:50:47,160
protection
33015
20:50:48,552 --> 20:50:49,552
and last but not least i want to discuss
33016
20:50:50,240 --> 20:50:51,240
these voice over ip phones
33017
20:50:52,960 --> 20:50:53,960
voice over internet protocol it's it's
33018
20:50:54,800 --> 20:50:55,800
basically a collection of technologies
33019
20:50:56,640 --> 20:50:57,640
and protocols that allow communication
33020
20:50:58,960 --> 20:50:59,960
over an ip based network we're going to
33021
20:51:00,800 --> 20:51:01,800
talk about ip addressing later but the
33022
20:51:03,280 --> 20:51:04,280
idea is we're not using pots or pstn
33023
20:51:05,680 --> 20:51:06,680
anymore that's the plain old telephone
33024
20:51:07,280 --> 20:51:08,280
system or the public switch telephone
33025
20:51:09,280 --> 20:51:10,280
network we have this great internet now
33026
20:51:12,000 --> 20:51:13,000
and the idea is well let's use that to
33027
20:51:14,320 --> 20:51:15,320
communicate voice because voice is
33028
20:51:17,040 --> 20:51:18,040
different from data because it has
33029
20:51:19,192 --> 20:51:20,192
different requirements for instance data
33030
20:51:22,160 --> 20:51:23,160
if i miss if i'm
33031
20:51:24,800 --> 20:51:25,800
if i'm reading a document with data in
33032
20:51:26,800 --> 20:51:27,800
it and let's say an an e gets dropped on
33033
20:51:29,600 --> 20:51:30,600
that right i can probably make it out or
33034
20:51:31,440 --> 20:51:32,440
i can ask them to resend it but if i'm
33035
20:51:33,280 --> 20:51:34,280
on a phone call i can't i don't want to
33036
20:51:34,872 --> 20:51:35,872
have to ask the person to constantly
33037
20:51:37,440 --> 20:51:38,440
repeat what they're saying
33038
20:51:39,680 --> 20:51:40,680
so this is really a replacement for pots
33039
20:51:42,320 --> 20:51:43,320
and pstn and
33040
20:51:43,832 --> 20:51:44,832
and it took a while to get to because
33041
20:51:46,400 --> 20:51:47,400
new technologies had to be created
33042
20:51:48,800 --> 20:51:49,800
these voip phones by the way connect
33043
20:51:50,640 --> 20:51:51,640
directly to the ethernet you can see
33044
20:51:53,192 --> 20:51:54,192
the cord sort of popping out here this
33045
20:51:55,512 --> 20:51:56,512
is not an rj11
33046
20:51:57,680 --> 20:51:58,680
okay this is an rj45 you can see it's
33047
20:52:00,240 --> 20:52:01,240
made by cisco systems which is the you
33048
20:52:02,960 --> 20:52:03,960
know the major networking company
33049
20:52:06,080 --> 20:52:07,080
all words spoken are converted into
33050
20:52:08,640 --> 20:52:09,640
packets data packets those packets are
33051
20:52:10,400 --> 20:52:11,400
then routed through the internet to the
33052
20:52:12,080 --> 20:52:13,080
other end anything about routing and
33053
20:52:13,920 --> 20:52:14,920
getting past our
33054
20:52:15,600 --> 20:52:16,600
x our internal network to an external
33055
20:52:17,360 --> 20:52:18,360
network we're dealing with all sort of
33056
20:52:18,720 --> 20:52:19,720
new technologies and if it's not
33057
20:52:21,040 --> 20:52:22,040
implemented properly with something
33058
20:52:22,872 --> 20:52:23,872
called qos that you're going to see
33059
20:52:24,720 --> 20:52:25,720
again and again in in direct reference
33060
20:52:27,120 --> 20:52:28,120
to voip which stands for quality
33061
20:52:30,800 --> 20:52:31,800
of service which is also a series of
33062
20:52:33,440 --> 20:52:34,440
technologies that guarantee for instance
33063
20:52:35,512 --> 20:52:36,512
that when i talk you can hear me
33064
20:52:39,360 --> 20:52:40,360
otherwise we're going to have sound
33065
20:52:40,872 --> 20:52:41,872
quality and latency issues meaning i'm
33066
20:52:42,552 --> 20:52:43,552
going to say hi
33067
20:52:43,760 --> 20:52:44,760
and you're not going to hear it for five
33068
20:52:45,280 --> 20:52:46,280
minutes
33069
20:52:46,320 --> 20:52:47,320
sound quality as well i can't have
33070
20:52:48,640 --> 20:52:49,640
dropped packets or dropped sounds it has
33071
20:52:50,800 --> 20:52:51,800
to be really nice otherwise the
33072
20:52:52,552 --> 20:52:53,552
technology is not going to be good
33073
20:52:53,920 --> 20:52:54,920
enough to replace pots and pstn
33074
20:52:56,320 --> 20:52:57,320
fortunately there has been enough
33075
20:52:59,280 --> 20:53:00,280
technology sort of advancement that that
33076
20:53:01,120 --> 20:53:02,120
we can
33077
20:53:03,440 --> 20:53:04,440
all right
33078
20:53:04,400 --> 20:53:05,400
so let's just uh go over what we've
33079
20:53:06,552 --> 20:53:07,552
talked about we talked about network
33080
20:53:08,320 --> 20:53:09,320
devices which are really allowing us to
33081
20:53:11,512 --> 20:53:12,512
communicate
33082
20:53:13,760 --> 20:53:14,760
not only between
33083
20:53:15,760 --> 20:53:16,760
computers
33084
20:53:17,440 --> 20:53:18,440
but also between networks
33085
20:53:19,600 --> 20:53:20,600
and they can also provide security
33086
20:53:24,080 --> 20:53:25,080
all right then we looked at hubs which
33087
20:53:26,080 --> 20:53:27,080
broadcast
33088
20:53:29,440 --> 20:53:30,440
data
33089
20:53:31,600 --> 20:53:32,600
to everyone okay
33090
20:53:33,512 --> 20:53:34,512
not just to the one person right they
33091
20:53:35,360 --> 20:53:36,360
broadcast to everyone and so they have a
33092
20:53:37,040 --> 20:53:38,040
lot of network
33093
20:53:42,832 --> 20:53:43,832
traffic a switch
33094
20:53:46,320 --> 20:53:47,320
which sends data only to the computer
33095
20:53:48,960 --> 20:53:49,960
for which it's intended to the node
33096
20:53:54,552 --> 20:53:55,552
and it does this using physical or mac
33097
20:53:57,512 --> 20:53:58,512
addresses which we will talk about in
33098
20:53:59,192 --> 20:54:00,192
more depth if you're a little confused
33099
20:54:01,120 --> 20:54:02,120
by that okay
33100
20:54:03,192 --> 20:54:04,192
routers on the other hand allow
33101
20:54:05,120 --> 20:54:06,120
communication
33102
20:54:08,800 --> 20:54:09,800
outside of the network
33103
20:54:15,360 --> 20:54:16,360
or into the internet or when
33104
20:54:18,240 --> 20:54:19,240
we also have a wireless access point
33105
20:54:19,760 --> 20:54:20,760
which allows unbounded
33106
20:54:22,552 --> 20:54:23,552
or wi-fi connections
33107
20:54:28,552 --> 20:54:29,552
a soho
33108
20:54:29,920 --> 20:54:30,920
router which is not only an access point
33109
20:54:32,640 --> 20:54:33,640
it's also a router
33110
20:54:34,872 --> 20:54:35,872
it also is a firewall
33111
20:54:38,720 --> 20:54:39,720
it is also
33112
20:54:40,720 --> 20:54:41,720
to some extent a switch
33113
20:54:43,040 --> 20:54:44,040
it is also to some extent uh other
33114
20:54:45,360 --> 20:54:46,360
devices that we haven't talked about
33115
20:54:46,640 --> 20:54:47,640
like a dhcp server and an nat server a
33116
20:54:49,832 --> 20:54:50,832
network address translation we will
33117
20:54:51,280 --> 20:54:52,280
discuss these in a bit later on a bridge
33118
20:54:54,960 --> 20:54:55,960
which either connects
33119
20:54:57,360 --> 20:54:58,360
or divides
33120
20:54:59,920 --> 20:55:00,920
lands
33121
20:55:02,960 --> 20:55:03,960
network attached storage which is high
33122
20:55:05,600 --> 20:55:06,600
speed
33123
20:55:09,680 --> 20:55:10,680
a
33124
20:55:13,280 --> 20:55:14,280
high amount of storage for a network
33125
20:55:15,920 --> 20:55:16,920
directly
33126
20:55:22,960 --> 20:55:23,960
a modem
33127
20:55:24,320 --> 20:55:25,320
which
33128
20:55:25,192 --> 20:55:26,192
allows wan access
33129
20:55:29,360 --> 20:55:30,360
or lan access really but it allows when
33130
20:55:32,000 --> 20:55:33,000
access
33131
20:55:34,320 --> 20:55:35,320
via the pstn public switch telephone
33132
20:55:37,120 --> 20:55:38,120
network or pots plain old telephone
33133
20:55:39,280 --> 20:55:40,280
system
33134
20:55:40,400 --> 20:55:41,400
the internet appliance
33135
20:55:42,800 --> 20:55:43,800
which is any sort of appliance
33136
20:55:50,400 --> 20:55:51,400
providing access
33137
20:55:53,120 --> 20:55:54,120
to the internet but not much else
33138
20:55:55,680 --> 20:55:56,680
almost like a thin client
33139
20:55:58,800 --> 20:55:59,800
a firewall
33140
20:56:00,480 --> 20:56:01,480
which is really protecting
33141
20:56:04,000 --> 20:56:05,000
uh
33142
20:56:05,440 --> 20:56:06,440
but allows
33143
20:56:09,280 --> 20:56:10,280
certain things in
33144
20:56:12,480 --> 20:56:13,480
and voip or voi voice over ip phones
33145
20:56:15,680 --> 20:56:16,680
i'll write that out
33146
20:56:17,360 --> 20:56:18,360
voice over ip
33147
20:56:20,240 --> 20:56:21,240
which allows
33148
20:56:22,000 --> 20:56:23,000
voice communication
33149
20:56:25,192 --> 20:56:26,192
over data packets
33150
20:56:29,280 --> 20:56:30,280
all right
33151
20:56:31,280 --> 20:56:32,280
so we've discussed all the different
33152
20:56:33,192 --> 20:56:34,192
network devices now let's keep talking
33153
20:56:35,600 --> 20:56:36,600
about media and how we're going to
33154
20:56:37,280 --> 20:56:38,280
connect these devices to one another
33155
20:56:43,280 --> 20:56:44,280
[Music]
33156
20:57:03,120 --> 20:57:04,120
networking cables connectors and cabling
33157
20:57:06,800 --> 20:57:07,800
tools
33158
20:57:09,192 --> 20:57:10,192
we've talked about the different types
33159
20:57:11,360 --> 20:57:12,360
of theoretical networks that exist and
33160
20:57:13,832 --> 20:57:14,832
we've also discussed some of the devices
33161
20:57:15,832 --> 20:57:16,832
you're going to find on these networks
33162
20:57:17,832 --> 20:57:18,832
so now let's talk about how these
33163
20:57:20,480 --> 20:57:21,480
connections exist and that's through the
33164
20:57:22,720 --> 20:57:23,720
use of actual physical cables and
33165
20:57:25,192 --> 20:57:26,192
different types of connectors we're also
33166
20:57:27,192 --> 20:57:28,192
going to talk about the tools that you
33167
20:57:28,872 --> 20:57:29,872
need to make these cables and
33168
20:57:31,440 --> 20:57:32,440
the physical tools you need to test them
33169
20:57:32,960 --> 20:57:33,960
as well
33170
20:57:34,240 --> 20:57:35,240
so
33171
20:57:35,760 --> 20:57:36,760
what we're going to talk about here are
33172
20:57:37,600 --> 20:57:38,600
the cable types and connectors including
33173
20:57:40,320 --> 20:57:41,320
twisted pair cables and the types of
33174
20:57:42,640 --> 20:57:43,640
connectors that go along with them this
33175
20:57:44,552 --> 20:57:45,552
is by far one of the most common uh
33176
20:57:48,320 --> 20:57:49,320
media out there
33177
20:57:50,160 --> 20:57:51,160
coaxial cables which you probably know
33178
20:57:52,640 --> 20:57:53,640
from uh
33179
20:57:54,320 --> 20:57:55,320
you know your television as well uh
33180
20:57:56,400 --> 20:57:57,400
although now is coming more into play
33181
20:57:58,480 --> 20:57:59,480
with internet
33182
20:57:59,832 --> 20:58:00,832
and fiber optics this is sort of where
33183
20:58:02,400 --> 20:58:03,400
um networking is going because it's a
33184
20:58:04,320 --> 20:58:05,320
lot faster uh it works in a different
33185
20:58:06,552 --> 20:58:07,552
way unlike these two which work with
33186
20:58:08,832 --> 20:58:09,832
copper okay which is our main
33187
20:58:11,600 --> 20:58:12,600
way of conducting electricity fiber
33188
20:58:14,000 --> 20:58:15,000
optics works with light and plastic or
33189
20:58:16,400 --> 20:58:17,400
glass
33190
20:58:17,680 --> 20:58:18,680
then we're going to look at the cabling
33191
20:58:19,120 --> 20:58:20,120
tools including a cable cutter
33192
20:58:22,640 --> 20:58:23,640
a wire stripper
33193
20:58:25,192 --> 20:58:26,192
a crimper which actually attaches the
33194
20:58:28,480 --> 20:58:29,480
connector
33195
20:58:29,832 --> 20:58:30,832
to the
33196
20:58:31,192 --> 20:58:32,192
cable
33197
20:58:35,280 --> 20:58:36,280
a punch down tool which you might not
33198
20:58:37,600 --> 20:58:38,600
see a lot unless you're working in large
33199
20:58:39,600 --> 20:58:40,600
installations of cabling but is
33200
20:58:41,680 --> 20:58:42,680
specifically done for terminations and
33201
20:58:43,832 --> 20:58:44,832
at sort of the in the the wiring closets
33202
20:58:47,920 --> 20:58:48,920
continuity testers
33203
20:58:50,640 --> 20:58:51,640
patch testers for patch cables a toner
33204
20:58:53,832 --> 20:58:54,832
probe
33205
20:58:55,280 --> 20:58:56,280
a loop back plug
33206
20:58:57,120 --> 20:58:58,120
and something called a time domain
33207
20:58:58,720 --> 20:58:59,720
reflectometer or tdr so these first few
33208
20:59:02,160 --> 20:59:03,160
tools are for
33209
20:59:03,832 --> 20:59:04,832
uh
33210
20:59:04,960 --> 20:59:05,960
creating
33211
20:59:06,960 --> 20:59:07,960
and then these last few tools are for
33212
20:59:09,440 --> 20:59:10,440
testing
33213
20:59:11,680 --> 20:59:12,680
all right
33214
20:59:12,552 --> 20:59:13,552
so let's get into it
33215
20:59:16,552 --> 20:59:17,552
cables provide a huge amount of data
33216
20:59:18,552 --> 20:59:19,552
transfer over today's networks
33217
20:59:20,872 --> 20:59:21,872
if you think about how much data is
33218
20:59:22,552 --> 20:59:23,552
going back and forth those cables are
33219
20:59:24,160 --> 20:59:25,160
sure bearing a lot of the brunt and
33220
20:59:27,040 --> 20:59:28,040
twisted and coaxial cables use copper
33221
20:59:30,080 --> 20:59:31,080
wire
33222
20:59:31,192 --> 20:59:32,192
and send electricity over the wires
33223
20:59:33,600 --> 20:59:34,600
okay so that's how they're transferring
33224
20:59:35,600 --> 20:59:36,600
the data
33225
20:59:36,640 --> 20:59:37,640
electricity as you may or may not know
33226
20:59:39,120 --> 20:59:40,120
as we discussed is basically broken down
33227
20:59:41,192 --> 20:59:42,192
into
33228
20:59:42,240 --> 20:59:43,240
on and off ones and zeros and that's
33229
20:59:44,640 --> 20:59:45,640
transferred over copper wires when it
33230
20:59:46,160 --> 20:59:47,160
gets
33231
20:59:47,040 --> 20:59:48,040
it's sent from one end encoded in a
33232
20:59:49,192 --> 20:59:50,192
certain way and then when it when it's
33233
20:59:50,960 --> 20:59:51,960
received on the other end it has to be
33234
20:59:52,480 --> 20:59:53,480
decoded but that's all done in the
33235
20:59:53,680 --> 20:59:54,680
software and a basic physical level
33236
20:59:57,120 --> 20:59:58,120
we're dealing with copper and
33237
20:59:58,160 --> 20:59:59,160
electricity with twisted pair and
33238
21:00:00,000 --> 21:00:01,000
coaxial which are twisted being the most
33239
21:00:02,000 --> 21:00:03,000
popular and coaxial sort of being legacy
33240
21:00:04,400 --> 21:00:05,400
but we're still we still see it in a
33241
21:00:05,832 --> 21:00:06,832
bunch of instances
33242
21:00:07,680 --> 21:00:08,680
fiber optics on the other hand uses a
33243
21:00:09,360 --> 21:00:10,360
glass or plastic core and sends light or
33244
21:00:13,120 --> 21:00:14,120
photons over it okay so it's important
33245
21:00:15,680 --> 21:00:16,680
to realize the difference between these
33246
21:00:17,760 --> 21:00:18,760
two
33247
21:00:18,552 --> 21:00:19,552
because one is using copper
33248
21:00:21,040 --> 21:00:22,040
and electricity
33249
21:00:22,400 --> 21:00:23,400
the other is using light or plastic
33250
21:00:24,720 --> 21:00:25,720
glass or plastic and sending light and
33251
21:00:26,960 --> 21:00:27,960
so as you can imagine
33252
21:00:30,000 --> 21:00:31,000
we're dealing with a lot less heat
33253
21:00:32,960 --> 21:00:33,960
on the fiber optic it's also going to be
33254
21:00:35,040 --> 21:00:36,040
a lot faster because i don't have as
33255
21:00:37,280 --> 21:00:38,280
much friction building up from the
33256
21:00:38,872 --> 21:00:39,872
electricity and that's where the heat
33257
21:00:40,720 --> 21:00:41,720
comes from is the friction of those
33258
21:00:42,800 --> 21:00:43,800
atoms more or less
33259
21:00:45,280 --> 21:00:46,280
the connectors
33260
21:00:46,960 --> 21:00:47,960
are the connection point between the
33261
21:00:48,480 --> 21:00:49,480
media the cables between these cables
33262
21:00:51,440 --> 21:00:52,440
and the network adapter so i have a
33263
21:00:53,440 --> 21:00:54,440
cable
33264
21:00:54,640 --> 21:00:55,640
let's say i have two
33265
21:00:56,240 --> 21:00:57,240
computers and i have a cable to connect
33266
21:00:58,640 --> 21:00:59,640
them the problem is what do i put on the
33267
21:01:01,040 --> 21:01:02,040
end of the cable in order to plug this
33268
21:01:03,760 --> 21:01:04,760
cable in and that's the connector
33269
21:01:06,320 --> 21:01:07,320
so we not only have to talk about this
33270
21:01:08,160 --> 21:01:09,160
sucker the cable we also have to talk
33271
21:01:09,920 --> 21:01:10,920
about these the connectors what actually
33272
21:01:12,640 --> 21:01:13,640
interfaces physically between the cable
33273
21:01:15,280 --> 21:01:16,280
and the adapter
33274
21:01:18,552 --> 21:01:19,552
there are also different connectors for
33275
21:01:20,400 --> 21:01:21,400
different types of cabling and purposes
33276
21:01:22,400 --> 21:01:23,400
and in some cases you're going to have
33277
21:01:24,800 --> 21:01:25,800
different connectors uh several
33278
21:01:26,720 --> 21:01:27,720
different connectors for instance
33279
21:01:28,480 --> 21:01:29,480
coaxial has some different connectors
33280
21:01:30,800 --> 21:01:31,800
and fiber optic uses quite a few
33281
21:01:32,552 --> 21:01:33,552
different connectors a twisted pair
33282
21:01:34,720 --> 21:01:35,720
usually uses the same type of connectors
33283
21:01:36,552 --> 21:01:37,552
but we'll see how even the twisted pair
33284
21:01:38,640 --> 21:01:39,640
has some variations
33285
21:01:41,760 --> 21:01:42,760
all right so let's start with talking
33286
21:01:43,192 --> 21:01:44,192
about twisted pair here's a great
33287
21:01:44,720 --> 21:01:45,720
picture of twisted pair
33288
21:01:47,040 --> 21:01:48,040
this is the most common type of cable
33289
21:01:49,040 --> 21:01:50,040
used in today's networks if you've ever
33290
21:01:51,192 --> 21:01:52,192
seen
33291
21:01:51,920 --> 21:01:52,920
what people refer to as an ethernet
33292
21:01:56,080 --> 21:01:57,080
cord and an ethernet is the
33293
21:01:59,760 --> 21:02:00,760
the
33294
21:02:00,960 --> 21:02:01,960
standard by which this cord is created
33295
21:02:03,360 --> 21:02:04,360
and by which data is transferred over it
33296
21:02:07,512 --> 21:02:08,512
then you've seen this you probably
33297
21:02:09,360 --> 21:02:10,360
haven't seen the wires inside except at
33298
21:02:11,280 --> 21:02:12,280
the very ends
33299
21:02:12,720 --> 21:02:13,720
the copper wires as you can tell inside
33300
21:02:15,040 --> 21:02:16,040
are twisted together into pairs and
33301
21:02:16,872 --> 21:02:17,872
that's throughout the length of the
33302
21:02:18,000 --> 21:02:19,000
cable the reason for this
33303
21:02:20,320 --> 21:02:21,320
is because it lessens emi
33304
21:02:22,480 --> 21:02:23,480
electromagnetic in uh interference and
33305
21:02:25,360 --> 21:02:26,360
also what's called crosstalk which is
33306
21:02:27,760 --> 21:02:28,760
where signals from this cable will jump
33307
21:02:30,552 --> 21:02:31,552
over to signals from this cable so by
33308
21:02:32,640 --> 21:02:33,640
twisting them they've discovered that
33309
21:02:34,160 --> 21:02:35,160
this actually lessens the amount of
33310
21:02:35,760 --> 21:02:36,760
interference they cause and that they
33311
21:02:37,120 --> 21:02:38,120
are susceptible to now there are other
33312
21:02:38,960 --> 21:02:39,960
things we can do to make sure that it's
33313
21:02:41,192 --> 21:02:42,192
not going to get outside interference
33314
21:02:43,920 --> 21:02:44,920
because there isn't anything sort of
33315
21:02:45,832 --> 21:02:46,832
covering this
33316
21:02:47,192 --> 21:02:48,192
right now okay this was actually
33317
21:02:49,440 --> 21:02:50,440
discovered though
33318
21:02:51,120 --> 21:02:52,120
way back when i think by um uh
33319
21:02:54,240 --> 21:02:55,240
edison that this worked
33320
21:02:57,512 --> 21:02:58,512
uh it is the mo
33321
21:02:59,040 --> 21:03:00,040
there are two
33322
21:03:01,120 --> 21:03:02,120
frequently used twisted pair types and
33323
21:03:03,192 --> 21:03:04,192
when we talk about
33324
21:03:04,400 --> 21:03:05,400
twisted pair you'll see that is tp
33325
21:03:06,640 --> 21:03:07,640
and they are
33326
21:03:08,800 --> 21:03:09,800
there are a couple different ones
33327
21:03:10,080 --> 21:03:11,080
category 3 or cat 3
33328
21:03:15,440 --> 21:03:16,440
which is the phone wire and that uses an
33329
21:03:17,680 --> 21:03:18,680
rj11 connection that we've seen
33330
21:03:20,640 --> 21:03:21,640
category 5 which is 10 100 megabits per
33331
21:03:24,240 --> 21:03:25,240
second
33332
21:03:26,160 --> 21:03:27,160
and this is the network but by the way i
33333
21:03:28,400 --> 21:03:29,400
just want to point out here because it's
33334
21:03:29,680 --> 21:03:30,680
been a while
33335
21:03:31,040 --> 21:03:32,040
that network transfer is measured in
33336
21:03:33,440 --> 21:03:34,440
megabits so although this is 10 or 100
33337
21:03:37,192 --> 21:03:38,192
megabits per second uh remember that's
33338
21:03:40,160 --> 21:03:41,160
not megabytes so you have to divide by
33339
21:03:42,320 --> 21:03:43,320
eight by the way this might also be
33340
21:03:43,920 --> 21:03:44,920
called
33341
21:03:44,872 --> 21:03:45,872
a 10 or 100
33342
21:03:47,600 --> 21:03:48,600
base t
33343
21:03:49,360 --> 21:03:50,360
the base is saying it's base band the t
33344
21:03:52,000 --> 21:03:53,000
is for the twisted pair
33345
21:03:53,760 --> 21:03:54,760
and the 10 is saying the
33346
21:03:56,640 --> 21:03:57,640
speed
33347
21:03:58,400 --> 21:03:59,400
and then category 5e which is called
33348
21:04:00,552 --> 21:04:01,552
enhanced
33349
21:04:03,192 --> 21:04:04,192
10 100 this basically added some more
33350
21:04:05,360 --> 21:04:06,360
security measures it became less
33351
21:04:06,960 --> 21:04:07,960
susceptible to emi etc and then finally
33352
21:04:09,600 --> 21:04:10,600
we had category 6 which was gigabit
33353
21:04:11,680 --> 21:04:12,680
which allowed
33354
21:04:13,040 --> 21:04:14,040
1 000 megabits per second
33355
21:04:15,920 --> 21:04:16,920
and nowadays you're generally going to
33356
21:04:17,832 --> 21:04:18,832
see a lot of the 5e you might see a lot
33357
21:04:20,400 --> 21:04:21,400
of six depending it really depends on
33358
21:04:22,400 --> 21:04:23,400
when the the network cables were laid
33359
21:04:25,360 --> 21:04:26,360
but these are the most common categories
33360
21:04:27,360 --> 21:04:28,360
of cabling if you see someone mention
33361
21:04:29,040 --> 21:04:30,040
category 3 that's what was used with
33362
21:04:31,280 --> 21:04:32,280
pots or pstn
33363
21:04:35,600 --> 21:04:36,600
okay
33364
21:04:38,240 --> 21:04:39,240
now there are two
33365
21:04:39,832 --> 21:04:40,832
general types of twisted pair cablings
33366
21:04:42,000 --> 21:04:43,000
we're going to find
33367
21:04:43,280 --> 21:04:44,280
category 3 category 5 whatever it is
33368
21:04:45,512 --> 21:04:46,512
there's two ways that they're made the
33369
21:04:46,872 --> 21:04:47,872
first is called unshielded twisted pair
33370
21:04:49,920 --> 21:04:50,920
also known as utp
33371
21:04:52,400 --> 21:04:53,400
this is most commonly used because it's
33372
21:04:55,040 --> 21:04:56,040
the cheapest uh it has the least amount
33373
21:04:57,920 --> 21:04:58,920
of requirements but it also is the
33374
21:05:00,720 --> 21:05:01,720
easiest to install
33375
21:05:02,640 --> 21:05:03,640
it can be run only about a hundred
33376
21:05:04,720 --> 21:05:05,720
meters before there's what's called
33377
21:05:06,400 --> 21:05:07,400
signal attenuation meaning that the
33378
21:05:08,720 --> 21:05:09,720
signal begins to degrade
33379
21:05:10,872 --> 21:05:11,872
okay so i'll just write that out there
33380
21:05:12,960 --> 21:05:13,960
the signal is degrading that's what
33381
21:05:14,480 --> 21:05:15,480
attenuation is and you're going to
33382
21:05:16,240 --> 21:05:17,240
remember this number
33383
21:05:18,720 --> 21:05:19,720
100 meters
33384
21:05:20,552 --> 21:05:21,552
or 328 feet
33385
21:05:24,960 --> 21:05:25,960
i see that pop up on the test
33386
21:05:27,192 --> 21:05:28,192
okay so that is for utp
33387
21:05:30,600 --> 21:05:31,600
unshielded twisted pair
33388
21:05:34,720 --> 21:05:35,720
the cable jacket this thing right around
33389
21:05:36,872 --> 21:05:37,872
here is made out of pvc which is a type
33390
21:05:39,440 --> 21:05:40,440
of plastic
33391
21:05:40,552 --> 21:05:41,552
if this catches on fire it can be very
33392
21:05:42,800 --> 21:05:43,800
harmful to humans it's toxic
33393
21:05:46,080 --> 21:05:47,080
okay and so
33394
21:05:49,280 --> 21:05:50,280
if you're using cabling and this goes
33395
21:05:51,760 --> 21:05:52,760
for any type of cabling actually between
33396
21:05:54,160 --> 21:05:55,160
floors you need to use what's called
33397
21:05:56,400 --> 21:05:57,400
plenum grade cable this is important and
33398
21:05:58,552 --> 21:05:59,552
i see it pop up on the test the plenum
33399
21:06:01,040 --> 21:06:02,040
by the way if i were dealing with floors
33400
21:06:07,280 --> 21:06:08,280
so we had one and then we had floor two
33401
21:06:10,400 --> 21:06:11,400
actually i'm going down here so we would
33402
21:06:12,320 --> 21:06:13,320
do it the other way but just for the
33403
21:06:13,600 --> 21:06:14,600
sake
33404
21:06:14,552 --> 21:06:15,552
the
33405
21:06:15,440 --> 21:06:16,440
plenum is the area
33406
21:06:17,920 --> 21:06:18,920
between the floors okay that's called
33407
21:06:20,320 --> 21:06:21,320
the plenum
33408
21:06:23,280 --> 21:06:24,280
and so if
33409
21:06:25,192 --> 21:06:26,192
you're going to be running cable between
33410
21:06:27,040 --> 21:06:28,040
an area that has no sprinkler system for
33411
21:06:29,600 --> 21:06:30,600
instance and is susceptible to fire
33412
21:06:31,600 --> 21:06:32,600
which would be in between the floors
33413
21:06:33,120 --> 21:06:34,120
which is called the plenum you need to
33414
21:06:34,480 --> 21:06:35,480
use plenum grade cable the reason is it
33415
21:06:36,872 --> 21:06:37,872
has a different
33416
21:06:38,160 --> 21:06:39,160
coating on the outside that's not toxic
33417
21:06:40,080 --> 21:06:41,080
if burned
33418
21:06:41,440 --> 21:06:42,440
this can cause major issues
33419
21:06:43,680 --> 21:06:44,680
you know
33420
21:06:44,552 --> 21:06:45,552
when buildings sort of collapse or are
33421
21:06:46,872 --> 21:06:47,872
burned to the ground
33422
21:06:48,720 --> 21:06:49,720
one of the biggest worries isn't
33423
21:06:50,000 --> 21:06:51,000
necessarily the damage to the structure
33424
21:06:52,080 --> 21:06:53,080
it's actually all the toxic fumes that
33425
21:06:54,400 --> 21:06:55,400
burning that cable lets out
33426
21:06:57,680 --> 21:06:58,680
and uh the reason is because it has a
33427
21:07:00,000 --> 21:07:01,000
special teflon coating and a low smoke
33428
21:07:03,192 --> 21:07:04,192
variant of the twisted pair so it's not
33429
21:07:05,280 --> 21:07:06,280
going to release all of the bad
33430
21:07:06,640 --> 21:07:07,640
chemicals that the regular twisted pair
33431
21:07:08,872 --> 21:07:09,872
is so this is really important to
33432
21:07:10,080 --> 21:07:11,080
remember this plenum grade
33433
21:07:12,160 --> 21:07:13,160
okay because it will pop up on the test
33434
21:07:13,680 --> 21:07:14,680
so remember that's in between floors
33435
21:07:15,832 --> 21:07:16,832
construction
33436
21:07:17,440 --> 21:07:18,440
in an area where there's no sprinkler
33437
21:07:18,960 --> 21:07:19,960
system
33438
21:07:22,320 --> 21:07:23,320
shielded twisted pair is different from
33439
21:07:24,160 --> 21:07:25,160
unshielded twisted pair and you can see
33440
21:07:26,400 --> 21:07:27,400
the picture here the thing that makes it
33441
21:07:28,240 --> 21:07:29,240
different is this what looks like
33442
21:07:29,760 --> 21:07:30,760
aluminum foil coating around it okay
33443
21:07:33,280 --> 21:07:34,280
utp is susceptible to electromagnetic
33444
21:07:36,240 --> 21:07:37,240
interference from the outside remember
33445
21:07:38,240 --> 21:07:39,240
these are crossed so the
33446
21:07:40,720 --> 21:07:41,720
twisted rather so they don't receive
33447
21:07:42,832 --> 21:07:43,832
electromagnetic interference from each
33448
21:07:44,640 --> 21:07:45,640
other but on the outside emi can still
33449
21:07:47,360 --> 21:07:48,360
come in
33450
21:07:49,040 --> 21:07:50,040
and so
33451
21:07:50,400 --> 21:07:51,400
shielded twisted pair or stp
33452
21:07:54,000 --> 21:07:55,000
was developed to help reduce emi from
33453
21:07:56,552 --> 21:07:57,552
the outside now utp is still more common
33454
21:07:59,360 --> 21:08:00,360
and it's cheaper
33455
21:08:00,960 --> 21:08:01,960
but they put this metal shielding like a
33456
21:08:03,192 --> 21:08:04,192
foil i'm just going to erase it so you
33457
21:08:04,800 --> 21:08:05,800
can see it again
33458
21:08:06,960 --> 21:08:07,960
over the wires and that reduces an
33459
21:08:08,960 --> 21:08:09,960
external
33460
21:08:10,832 --> 21:08:11,832
emi threat it also reduces the
33461
21:08:14,000 --> 21:08:15,000
possibility of someone gaining access to
33462
21:08:16,160 --> 21:08:17,160
the network uh unauthorized wise so
33463
21:08:19,192 --> 21:08:20,192
someone could
33464
21:08:20,400 --> 21:08:21,400
for instance pick up on the signal
33465
21:08:22,320 --> 21:08:23,320
coming out of an unshielded twisted pair
33466
21:08:24,872 --> 21:08:25,872
and then sort of tap in that way so this
33467
21:08:27,280 --> 21:08:28,280
is used specifically if we're near
33468
21:08:30,000 --> 21:08:31,000
you know
33469
21:08:31,280 --> 21:08:32,280
electricity
33470
21:08:35,920 --> 21:08:36,920
or areas of high
33471
21:08:41,192 --> 21:08:42,192
emi
33472
21:08:44,000 --> 21:08:45,000
the disadvantages and the reason it's
33473
21:08:45,832 --> 21:08:46,832
not used in every situation because
33474
21:08:47,832 --> 21:08:48,832
you're saying oh why wouldn't i just use
33475
21:08:49,280 --> 21:08:50,280
this well it's much more expensive
33476
21:08:53,512 --> 21:08:54,512
and the shielding
33477
21:08:56,000 --> 21:08:57,000
needs to be grounded
33478
21:08:57,600 --> 21:08:58,600
you notice there's an extra cord right
33479
21:08:59,680 --> 21:09:00,680
here
33480
21:09:01,192 --> 21:09:02,192
which wasn't in the last
33481
21:09:03,440 --> 21:09:04,440
um
33482
21:09:05,280 --> 21:09:06,280
in the last utp that's because this
33483
21:09:08,480 --> 21:09:09,480
actually goes to what's called
33484
21:09:10,872 --> 21:09:11,872
it's a
33485
21:09:12,080 --> 21:09:13,080
a grounding plate
33486
21:09:15,832 --> 21:09:16,832
which is in the server room or in the
33487
21:09:18,640 --> 21:09:19,640
wiring closet
33488
21:09:20,080 --> 21:09:21,080
and what happens is this is ground and
33489
21:09:22,872 --> 21:09:23,872
then goes out to
33490
21:09:25,600 --> 21:09:26,600
your actual ground okay and what will
33491
21:09:28,080 --> 21:09:29,080
happen is all your devices can ground to
33492
21:09:30,480 --> 21:09:31,480
this
33493
21:09:31,280 --> 21:09:32,280
and so you need to have grounding if
33494
21:09:34,080 --> 21:09:35,080
you're going to be using shielded
33495
21:09:35,280 --> 21:09:36,280
twisted pair
33496
21:09:36,400 --> 21:09:37,400
as a result
33497
21:09:38,960 --> 21:09:39,960
it's more expensive and it costs more
33498
21:09:40,552 --> 21:09:41,552
not only to buy but also to in
33499
21:09:42,720 --> 21:09:43,720
to install
33500
21:09:46,240 --> 21:09:47,240
and this is why all patch panels punch
33501
21:09:48,400 --> 21:09:49,400
blocks wire racks should be permanently
33502
21:09:50,000 --> 21:09:51,000
grounded before use
33503
21:09:52,960 --> 21:09:53,960
i've seen this on the test so you're
33504
21:09:54,240 --> 21:09:55,240
going to remember that okay
33505
21:09:56,640 --> 21:09:57,640
you have to ground patch panels punch
33506
21:09:58,640 --> 21:09:59,640
blocks and we'll look at a punch block
33507
21:10:00,240 --> 21:10:01,240
by the way when we get to the punch tool
33508
21:10:02,160 --> 21:10:03,160
and any racks basically in your server
33509
21:10:04,480 --> 21:10:05,480
room you always need to have a grounding
33510
21:10:06,872 --> 21:10:07,872
a
33511
21:10:07,600 --> 21:10:08,600
sort of a grounding
33512
21:10:09,920 --> 21:10:10,920
um
33513
21:10:11,040 --> 21:10:12,040
bar
33514
21:10:12,000 --> 21:10:13,000
something that is going that you can
33515
21:10:13,360 --> 21:10:14,360
connect everything up to that's metal
33516
21:10:14,800 --> 21:10:15,800
that then connects to outside
33517
21:10:18,872 --> 21:10:19,872
now a twisted pair connector is this
33518
21:10:20,720 --> 21:10:21,720
sucker
33519
21:10:21,760 --> 21:10:22,760
it's on the main page this is an rj45
33520
21:10:24,480 --> 21:10:25,480
connection
33521
21:10:27,120 --> 21:10:28,120
and it connects to each end of the cable
33522
21:10:28,872 --> 21:10:29,872
now this is obviously professionally
33523
21:10:30,552 --> 21:10:31,552
made you can tell just because of how
33524
21:10:32,800 --> 21:10:33,800
nice it is at the end but you don't need
33525
21:10:34,640 --> 21:10:35,640
to actually buy these professionally you
33526
21:10:36,000 --> 21:10:37,000
can make these yourself using some of
33527
21:10:37,360 --> 21:10:38,360
the tools we'll talk about
33528
21:10:38,960 --> 21:10:39,960
and these connect to rj45 sockets and
33529
21:10:41,600 --> 21:10:42,600
network adapters otherwise known as nics
33530
21:10:44,400 --> 21:10:45,400
and switches
33531
21:10:46,480 --> 21:10:47,480
the rj45 plug looks like a telephone
33532
21:10:49,360 --> 21:10:50,360
plug if you remember those which by the
33533
21:10:50,960 --> 21:10:51,960
way are rj11s so don't get them confused
33534
21:10:54,080 --> 21:10:55,080
rj11 you'll see mostly with modem
33535
21:10:58,832 --> 21:10:59,832
pots pstn etc
33536
21:11:04,960 --> 21:11:05,960
it is larger
33537
21:11:06,552 --> 21:11:07,552
and it contains eight wires as opposed
33538
21:11:08,480 --> 21:11:09,480
to six so this right here contains eight
33539
21:11:11,760 --> 21:11:12,760
wires
33540
21:11:12,832 --> 21:11:13,832
uh four twisted pairs as opposed to the
33541
21:11:16,320 --> 21:11:17,320
rj11 which only holds six that's why
33542
21:11:18,000 --> 21:11:19,000
it's smaller
33543
21:11:22,480 --> 21:11:23,480
i love this diagram because it shows you
33544
21:11:24,552 --> 21:11:25,552
the color combinations here
33545
21:11:27,600 --> 21:11:28,600
there are two different ways to wire
33546
21:11:29,512 --> 21:11:30,512
these now actually you don't need to
33547
21:11:31,040 --> 21:11:32,040
wire them
33548
21:11:32,160 --> 21:11:33,160
theoretically according to these
33549
21:11:33,600 --> 21:11:34,600
standards um
33550
21:11:35,760 --> 21:11:36,760
for it to work however if you don't wire
33551
21:11:38,400 --> 21:11:39,400
it according to standards and someone
33552
21:11:39,760 --> 21:11:40,760
else comes in to to do some work they're
33553
21:11:41,920 --> 21:11:42,920
going to be confused which is the reason
33554
21:11:43,512 --> 21:11:44,512
we all try to use the same
33555
21:11:45,680 --> 21:11:46,680
standards a straight through cable which
33556
21:11:47,920 --> 21:11:48,920
means most cables are going to use this
33557
21:11:50,960 --> 21:11:51,960
uh color combination which by the way if
33558
21:11:53,440 --> 21:11:54,440
we were to write this out would be white
33559
21:11:55,760 --> 21:11:56,760
orange
33560
21:11:57,600 --> 21:11:58,600
orange
33561
21:11:59,512 --> 21:12:00,512
white green
33562
21:12:01,832 --> 21:12:02,832
blue
33563
21:12:04,240 --> 21:12:05,240
white blue
33564
21:12:06,552 --> 21:12:07,552
green
33565
21:12:08,640 --> 21:12:09,640
white brown
33566
21:12:10,400 --> 21:12:11,400
brown
33567
21:12:12,080 --> 21:12:13,080
that's a straight through cable and
33568
21:12:13,360 --> 21:12:14,360
basically what happens is you wire this
33569
21:12:15,512 --> 21:12:16,512
the same on both ends of the cable and
33570
21:12:17,832 --> 21:12:18,832
the data can run through straight
33571
21:12:22,320 --> 21:12:23,320
if you want to connect a computer
33572
21:12:24,480 --> 21:12:25,480
to another computer directly not through
33573
21:12:27,280 --> 21:12:28,280
a switch
33574
21:12:28,320 --> 21:12:29,320
uh or you wanted to connect two switches
33575
21:12:31,040 --> 21:12:32,040
together in older situations at least
33576
21:12:33,760 --> 21:12:34,760
what you would need to do is create
33577
21:12:35,120 --> 21:12:36,120
what's called a crossover cable and this
33578
21:12:37,120 --> 21:12:38,120
is important a crossover cable as
33579
21:12:39,440 --> 21:12:40,440
opposed to having
33580
21:12:40,800 --> 21:12:41,800
the 568b wiring on both sides
33581
21:12:44,800 --> 21:12:45,800
has 568b on one side and 568 a on the
33582
21:12:48,800 --> 21:12:49,800
other
33583
21:12:49,600 --> 21:12:50,600
so this is what we'll use on crossover
33584
21:12:52,160 --> 21:12:53,160
if i wired them both 568a it would
33585
21:12:54,872 --> 21:12:55,872
basically be a straight through cable
33586
21:12:58,480 --> 21:12:59,480
by doing one on one side one on the
33587
21:13:00,400 --> 21:13:01,400
other i'm making what's called a
33588
21:13:01,680 --> 21:13:02,680
crossover cable and just so you can see
33589
21:13:03,512 --> 21:13:04,512
what's changed here
33590
21:13:05,192 --> 21:13:06,192
let's write this out white
33591
21:13:07,360 --> 21:13:08,360
green
33592
21:13:08,320 --> 21:13:09,320
green
33593
21:13:09,512 --> 21:13:10,512
white orange
33594
21:13:10,800 --> 21:13:11,800
blue
33595
21:13:13,040 --> 21:13:14,040
white blue
33596
21:13:14,960 --> 21:13:15,960
orange
33597
21:13:16,872 --> 21:13:17,872
white brown
33598
21:13:18,800 --> 21:13:19,800
brown and what you'll see here
33599
21:13:22,320 --> 21:13:23,320
is that we've switched
33600
21:13:26,320 --> 21:13:27,320
a couple of the cables
33601
21:13:31,600 --> 21:13:32,600
particularly
33602
21:13:33,280 --> 21:13:34,280
one two three
33603
21:13:36,080 --> 21:13:37,080
and six
33604
21:13:40,720 --> 21:13:41,720
they've been switched
33605
21:13:42,720 --> 21:13:43,720
okay it's just these guys
33606
21:13:45,192 --> 21:13:46,192
if you'll notice
33607
21:13:47,120 --> 21:13:48,120
that's where the majority of data
33608
21:13:49,832 --> 21:13:50,832
is sent by uh on a um
33609
21:13:52,400 --> 21:13:53,400
on a cable so that's why we switch those
33610
21:13:55,040 --> 21:13:56,040
that way if you think about it
33611
21:13:57,192 --> 21:13:58,192
if it's coming through when the data is
33612
21:13:59,680 --> 21:14:00,680
sent and i guess this was a it was bad
33613
21:14:01,832 --> 21:14:02,832
to sort of draw that blue one
33614
21:14:05,832 --> 21:14:06,832
so let us erase that real quickly but
33615
21:14:07,920 --> 21:14:08,920
when the data is sent
33616
21:14:10,400 --> 21:14:11,400
as you can imagine
33617
21:14:13,680 --> 21:14:14,680
it's going to be sent
33618
21:14:15,120 --> 21:14:16,120
like this but then when it comes
33619
21:14:18,552 --> 21:14:19,552
in
33620
21:14:19,440 --> 21:14:20,440
to the crossover
33621
21:14:21,512 --> 21:14:22,512
it's going into a different wire
33622
21:14:24,160 --> 21:14:25,160
in the computer and so
33623
21:14:26,400 --> 21:14:27,400
it knows
33624
21:14:28,000 --> 21:14:29,000
one end ascending the other end is
33625
21:14:29,512 --> 21:14:30,512
receiving and this is called a crossover
33626
21:14:31,760 --> 21:14:32,760
cable specifically if you need to
33627
21:14:33,512 --> 21:14:34,512
connect two computers directly together
33628
21:14:37,600 --> 21:14:38,600
um
33629
21:14:38,872 --> 21:14:39,872
and as i mentioned it's gonna be wired
33630
21:14:40,400 --> 21:14:41,400
for 568b on one end and 568a on the
33631
21:14:43,360 --> 21:14:44,360
other this is also used to connect one
33632
21:14:45,600 --> 21:14:46,600
switch to another or sometimes two
33633
21:14:47,192 --> 21:14:48,192
routers to another we don't see this as
33634
21:14:49,680 --> 21:14:50,680
much anymore and the reason is because
33635
21:14:52,400 --> 21:14:53,400
switches and some network cards as well
33636
21:14:54,800 --> 21:14:55,800
can
33637
21:14:55,600 --> 21:14:56,600
auto sense the type of cable that's
33638
21:14:57,832 --> 21:14:58,832
being plugged in and so they can do the
33639
21:14:59,680 --> 21:15:00,680
switching for themselves so nowadays
33640
21:15:02,960 --> 21:15:03,960
you don't need to do crossover cables
33641
21:15:05,512 --> 21:15:06,512
if it used to be when i taught this
33642
21:15:07,192 --> 21:15:08,192
years ago we would create
33643
21:15:09,832 --> 21:15:10,832
a crossover cable for you to take with
33644
21:15:11,360 --> 21:15:12,360
you in your tool kit
33645
21:15:13,192 --> 21:15:14,192
nowadays we don't really do that because
33646
21:15:17,280 --> 21:15:18,280
it's no longer necessary
33647
21:15:22,960 --> 21:15:23,960
all right so now we've talked about
33648
21:15:24,160 --> 21:15:25,160
twisted pair let's get into coaxials
33649
21:15:26,000 --> 21:15:27,000
very different coaxial has a single
33650
21:15:28,400 --> 21:15:29,400
conductor
33651
21:15:29,920 --> 21:15:30,920
right here
33652
21:15:31,040 --> 21:15:32,040
surrounded by an insulating material
33653
21:15:34,640 --> 21:15:35,640
right there
33654
21:15:36,000 --> 21:15:37,000
which is then surrounded by a copper
33655
21:15:37,760 --> 21:15:38,760
screen
33656
21:15:40,320 --> 21:15:41,320
and finally plastic
33657
21:15:44,320 --> 21:15:45,320
okay
33658
21:15:45,192 --> 21:15:46,192
the all the data is being transferred
33659
21:15:48,000 --> 21:15:49,000
via that sucker right there this one
33660
21:15:50,720 --> 21:15:51,720
this cable very thin very small
33661
21:15:54,240 --> 21:15:55,240
everything else here is used to protect
33662
21:15:56,480 --> 21:15:57,480
the cable and to
33663
21:15:58,960 --> 21:15:59,960
help it be less susceptible to outside
33664
21:16:00,800 --> 21:16:01,800
interference that's what this metal
33665
21:16:02,080 --> 21:16:03,080
shielding shielding is
33666
21:16:04,080 --> 21:16:05,080
some networking technologies still use
33667
21:16:06,240 --> 21:16:07,240
coaxial cable and i'm sure
33668
21:16:08,720 --> 21:16:09,720
you've seen it at home if you have a
33669
21:16:09,832 --> 21:16:10,832
cable modem
33670
21:16:14,400 --> 21:16:15,400
or you get internet from a cable
33671
21:16:16,400 --> 21:16:17,400
provider then the cable modem is
33672
21:16:19,280 --> 21:16:20,280
providing you internet access via a
33673
21:16:21,192 --> 21:16:22,192
coaxial you have a device a modem which
33674
21:16:23,920 --> 21:16:24,920
is modulating
33675
21:16:25,360 --> 21:16:26,360
that
33676
21:16:27,120 --> 21:16:28,120
signal it's a gateway it's modulating
33677
21:16:29,832 --> 21:16:30,832
the signal from the
33678
21:16:32,552 --> 21:16:33,552
cable
33679
21:16:34,640 --> 21:16:35,640
into your uh into a rj45 and so it
33680
21:16:38,080 --> 21:16:39,080
changes the type of cabling used
33681
21:16:41,600 --> 21:16:42,600
older bus technologies and if you
33682
21:16:43,280 --> 21:16:44,280
remember bus was this one
33683
21:16:46,400 --> 21:16:47,400
right you used a
33684
21:16:49,040 --> 21:16:50,040
coaxial cables and had bnc connectors
33685
21:16:52,000 --> 21:16:53,000
which we'll look at in a minute but
33686
21:16:53,680 --> 21:16:54,680
you'll rarely see those today if you see
33687
21:16:55,440 --> 21:16:56,440
an old network card you'll generally see
33688
21:16:57,600 --> 21:16:58,600
there's a a coaxial connector on it
33689
21:17:00,960 --> 21:17:01,960
because some old computers used to use
33690
21:17:02,960 --> 21:17:03,960
that especially in in these bus
33691
21:17:05,192 --> 21:17:06,192
situations nowadays we rarely see this
33692
21:17:07,760 --> 21:17:08,760
anymore
33693
21:17:08,720 --> 21:17:09,720
except in like bigger
33694
21:17:10,552 --> 21:17:11,552
setups
33695
21:17:13,832 --> 21:17:14,832
fiber optic
33696
21:17:15,600 --> 21:17:16,600
transmits data by the way of light
33697
21:17:17,680 --> 21:17:18,680
instead of electricity
33698
21:17:19,832 --> 21:17:20,832
so as you can see here we're not using
33699
21:17:22,160 --> 21:17:23,160
copper anymore we're using light it segs
33700
21:17:24,552 --> 21:17:25,552
the signal much faster than using copper
33701
21:17:26,872 --> 21:17:27,872
wires
33702
21:17:28,000 --> 21:17:29,000
and
33703
21:17:28,960 --> 21:17:29,960
it doesn't even play emi doesn't even
33704
21:17:30,872 --> 21:17:31,872
play it in the equation because
33705
21:17:31,920 --> 21:17:32,920
electromagnetic interference doesn't
33706
21:17:33,600 --> 21:17:34,600
interfere with light
33707
21:17:35,440 --> 21:17:36,440
so fiber optic is
33708
21:17:37,832 --> 21:17:38,832
much more difficult to splice into and
33709
21:17:40,160 --> 21:17:41,160
therefore it's the most secure type of
33710
21:17:42,000 --> 21:17:43,000
cable
33711
21:17:43,600 --> 21:17:44,600
the benefits for using it are obviously
33712
21:17:45,512 --> 21:17:46,512
clear the problem is it's also a lot
33713
21:17:47,360 --> 21:17:48,360
more expensive
33714
21:17:49,680 --> 21:17:50,680
and you can't bend it more than 90
33715
21:17:52,160 --> 21:17:53,160
degrees in normal use because if you
33716
21:17:53,760 --> 21:17:54,760
imagine that light
33717
21:17:55,280 --> 21:17:56,280
traveling through here
33718
21:17:57,280 --> 21:17:58,280
if you bend something 90 degrees the
33719
21:17:59,040 --> 21:18:00,040
light can't travel anymore so you have
33720
21:18:01,360 --> 21:18:02,360
to make sure that it's kept in a certain
33721
21:18:03,280 --> 21:18:04,280
way it's not as movable or bendable
33722
21:18:06,640 --> 21:18:07,640
as twisted pair wiring is or coaxial
33723
21:18:11,600 --> 21:18:12,600
there's also two different types of
33724
21:18:13,440 --> 21:18:14,440
fiber optics you need to be familiar
33725
21:18:14,800 --> 21:18:15,800
with and i'll try to make this as clear
33726
21:18:17,040 --> 21:18:18,040
as possible for use of the test
33727
21:18:20,000 --> 21:18:21,000
single mode fiber optic uses a single
33728
21:18:22,872 --> 21:18:23,872
ray of light
33729
21:18:25,440 --> 21:18:26,440
it can support
33730
21:18:26,872 --> 21:18:27,872
over 10 gigabyte bits per second and can
33731
21:18:30,080 --> 21:18:31,080
run thousands of kilometers
33732
21:18:32,400 --> 21:18:33,400
so if you think about it single
33733
21:18:36,000 --> 21:18:37,000
can go
33734
21:18:37,040 --> 21:18:38,040
further
33735
21:18:40,832 --> 21:18:41,832
distance as as a result of being single
33736
21:18:43,680 --> 21:18:44,680
however it also supports
33737
21:18:46,320 --> 21:18:47,320
less bandwidth or throughput
33738
21:18:52,800 --> 21:18:53,800
multimode fiber on the other hand
33739
21:18:55,120 --> 21:18:56,120
is used over shorter distances notice a
33740
21:18:57,440 --> 21:18:58,440
600 meter limit as opposed to thousands
33741
21:19:00,552 --> 21:19:01,552
of kilometers but it has a much higher
33742
21:19:03,040 --> 21:19:04,040
bandwidth
33743
21:19:05,440 --> 21:19:06,440
uh and that's because it has a larger
33744
21:19:07,920 --> 21:19:08,920
core diameter than the single mode cable
33745
21:19:10,160 --> 21:19:11,160
so if you imagine multi-mode if you
33746
21:19:12,080 --> 21:19:13,080
imagine i have
33747
21:19:13,512 --> 21:19:14,512
more stuff in there it's going to be
33748
21:19:15,040 --> 21:19:16,040
able to carry more but because i have
33749
21:19:17,120 --> 21:19:18,120
more it's going to be able to go less
33750
21:19:19,760 --> 21:19:20,760
distance so remember multi-mode
33751
21:19:22,960 --> 21:19:23,960
is less distance
33752
21:19:28,960 --> 21:19:29,960
more bandwidth
33753
21:19:30,640 --> 21:19:31,640
whereas single mode is
33754
21:19:32,480 --> 21:19:33,480
more distance
33755
21:19:35,680 --> 21:19:36,680
less
33756
21:19:36,832 --> 21:19:37,832
bandwidth no matter what
33757
21:19:39,680 --> 21:19:40,680
fiber is still faster than copper
33758
21:19:44,800 --> 21:19:45,800
multi mode is frequently used in
33759
21:19:46,552 --> 21:19:47,552
backbones as backbones and server rooms
33760
21:19:49,040 --> 21:19:50,040
backbones being that
33761
21:19:51,192 --> 21:19:52,192
that uh
33762
21:19:52,552 --> 21:19:53,552
connector that sort of everything plugs
33763
21:19:54,400 --> 21:19:55,400
into this will be for your really high
33764
21:19:56,552 --> 21:19:57,552
end network bandwidth for instance i'm
33765
21:19:59,280 --> 21:20:00,280
connecting two buildings together or i'm
33766
21:20:01,512 --> 21:20:02,512
connecting two routers together or two
33767
21:20:04,552 --> 21:20:05,552
servers together
33768
21:20:07,680 --> 21:20:08,680
both types are capable of supporting
33769
21:20:10,552 --> 21:20:11,552
a thousand megabits or gigabit and 10
33770
21:20:12,872 --> 21:20:13,872
gigabits per second of networks and both
33771
21:20:15,280 --> 21:20:16,280
run faster than network uh twisted
33772
21:20:18,480 --> 21:20:19,480
pair cable okay so in either case you're
33773
21:20:21,440 --> 21:20:22,440
gonna
33774
21:20:22,320 --> 21:20:23,320
fiber optic is less susceptible to emi
33775
21:20:24,872 --> 21:20:25,872
runs faster and quicker
33776
21:20:28,000 --> 21:20:29,000
and more data
33777
21:20:29,512 --> 21:20:30,512
there are three types of connectors i
33778
21:20:31,120 --> 21:20:32,120
want you to be familiar with with fiber
33779
21:20:32,800 --> 21:20:33,800
optics the st connector the sc connector
33780
21:20:37,280 --> 21:20:38,280
and the lc connector sc and lc look
33781
21:20:39,832 --> 21:20:40,832
almost identical the thing i want you to
33782
21:20:41,680 --> 21:20:42,680
remember about st is it requires that
33783
21:20:44,800 --> 21:20:45,800
you twist it
33784
21:20:47,760 --> 21:20:48,760
if you can notice right here
33785
21:20:49,832 --> 21:20:50,832
you can see that something needs to go
33786
21:20:51,440 --> 21:20:52,440
inside of there so st requires that you
33787
21:20:54,240 --> 21:20:55,240
twist it in order to get it into place
33788
21:20:56,240 --> 21:20:57,240
whereas sc and lc do not you just press
33789
21:20:58,400 --> 21:20:59,400
them in that's what i want you to
33790
21:20:59,832 --> 21:21:00,832
remember about that by the way bnc
33791
21:21:02,000 --> 21:21:03,000
connector for coaxial which i don't
33792
21:21:03,680 --> 21:21:04,680
think i show a picture of
33793
21:21:05,512 --> 21:21:06,512
looks similar to this right the one
33794
21:21:07,920 --> 21:21:08,920
cable comes out there's a circle around
33795
21:21:10,320 --> 21:21:11,320
it
33796
21:21:11,192 --> 21:21:12,192
and it twists on
33797
21:21:12,872 --> 21:21:13,872
to a connector of some sort
33798
21:21:18,400 --> 21:21:19,400
all right so we've talked about now
33799
21:21:20,240 --> 21:21:21,240
cable types and connectors we looked at
33800
21:21:22,552 --> 21:21:23,552
twisted pair connectors
33801
21:21:24,400 --> 21:21:25,400
using the rj45
33802
21:21:27,192 --> 21:21:28,192
twisted pair cable sorry using rj45
33803
21:21:29,040 --> 21:21:30,040
connector a coaxial which uses a bnc
33804
21:21:32,160 --> 21:21:33,160
connector and then fiber optics which
33805
21:21:34,240 --> 21:21:35,240
uses st
33806
21:21:40,872 --> 21:21:41,872
lc and sc
33807
21:21:43,760 --> 21:21:44,760
all right now let's quickly talk about
33808
21:21:45,512 --> 21:21:46,512
some of the cabling tools we're going to
33809
21:21:47,192 --> 21:21:48,192
need
33810
21:21:48,960 --> 21:21:49,960
all right so a cable cutter
33811
21:21:51,120 --> 21:21:52,120
is something
33812
21:21:52,232 --> 21:21:53,232
a sharp tool that can cut the end of a
33813
21:21:54,552 --> 21:21:55,552
network cable so if i have a spool and
33814
21:21:57,040 --> 21:21:58,040
basically what you'll do if you're if
33815
21:21:58,232 --> 21:21:59,232
you're making um
33816
21:22:00,400 --> 21:22:01,400
a bunch of
33817
21:22:02,232 --> 21:22:03,232
uh cables for instance you're going to
33818
21:22:04,232 --> 21:22:05,232
have
33819
21:22:05,120 --> 21:22:06,120
500 meters of coax
33820
21:22:08,552 --> 21:22:09,552
coaxial cable or twisted pair cabling
33821
21:22:10,640 --> 21:22:11,640
and the first thing you need to be able
33822
21:22:11,600 --> 21:22:12,600
to do is cut them
33823
21:22:13,280 --> 21:22:14,280
into pieces so you can make smaller
33824
21:22:15,120 --> 21:22:16,120
cables it
33825
21:22:16,720 --> 21:22:17,720
usually you're not just going to buy
33826
21:22:18,080 --> 21:22:19,080
something that's just a cutter it's
33827
21:22:20,000 --> 21:22:21,000
generally going to be built into another
33828
21:22:21,680 --> 21:22:22,680
tool like pliers or crimpers but you
33829
21:22:24,000 --> 21:22:25,000
need to have something that's sharp that
33830
21:22:25,440 --> 21:22:26,440
you can cut the cable with
33831
21:22:28,000 --> 21:22:29,000
the first step to making the cable is to
33832
21:22:29,440 --> 21:22:30,440
cut it to length
33833
21:22:30,640 --> 21:22:31,640
then you need something called a wire
33834
21:22:32,000 --> 21:22:33,000
stripper
33835
21:22:33,040 --> 21:22:34,040
this strips the plastic portion
33836
21:22:36,320 --> 21:22:37,320
off
33837
21:22:38,160 --> 21:22:39,160
the end of the cable okay and exposes
33838
21:22:40,960 --> 21:22:41,960
the copper wire underneath you can see
33839
21:22:43,360 --> 21:22:44,360
here these are special made
33840
21:22:45,760 --> 21:22:46,760
all of these are special made wire
33841
21:22:48,000 --> 21:22:49,000
strippers
33842
21:22:49,280 --> 21:22:50,280
and what you can do is and this one's
33843
21:22:50,640 --> 21:22:51,640
specifically for coaxial and what you do
33844
21:22:53,192 --> 21:22:54,192
is you put the cable in between this and
33845
21:22:56,320 --> 21:22:57,320
it is especially designed to fit the
33846
21:22:58,400 --> 21:22:59,400
cable but not much else you pull out and
33847
21:23:00,480 --> 21:23:01,480
it rips off the very end of the plastic
33848
21:23:03,760 --> 21:23:04,760
that way you expose the copper
33849
21:23:05,512 --> 21:23:06,512
underneath which then can make contact
33850
21:23:07,832 --> 21:23:08,832
with the connector
33851
21:23:10,480 --> 21:23:11,480
next we have a crimper
33852
21:23:12,720 --> 21:23:13,720
the crimper
33853
21:23:14,720 --> 21:23:15,720
actually attaches the plug to the cable
33854
21:23:17,280 --> 21:23:18,280
so you can see right here is a crimper
33855
21:23:18,720 --> 21:23:19,720
for an rj45 what happens is if you
33856
21:23:21,760 --> 21:23:22,760
imagine i have that plastic and then i
33857
21:23:25,040 --> 21:23:26,040
have
33858
21:23:27,440 --> 21:23:28,440
that sort of connector
33859
21:23:29,040 --> 21:23:30,040
is you have a little bit of this plastic
33860
21:23:30,960 --> 21:23:31,960
coating it sort of runs into
33861
21:23:33,920 --> 21:23:34,920
the plastic
33862
21:23:35,760 --> 21:23:36,760
connector and by crimping it this bar
33863
21:23:39,600 --> 21:23:40,600
right here
33864
21:23:41,192 --> 21:23:42,192
presses into the plastic and actually
33865
21:23:44,960 --> 21:23:45,960
presses the plastic of the connector to
33866
21:23:47,680 --> 21:23:48,680
the plastic of the pvc coating and that
33867
21:23:50,720 --> 21:23:51,720
keeps the connector on so it's very
33868
21:23:52,720 --> 21:23:53,720
important when you create this that you
33869
21:23:54,640 --> 21:23:55,640
make sure
33870
21:23:56,400 --> 21:23:57,400
that the plastic actually fits in where
33871
21:23:58,400 --> 21:23:59,400
that connector goes otherwise it's not
33872
21:24:00,480 --> 21:24:01,480
going to stay
33873
21:24:01,600 --> 21:24:02,600
this is basically how you attach rj45 to
33874
21:24:04,400 --> 21:24:05,400
utp or even stp it's the same thing
33875
21:24:09,360 --> 21:24:10,360
all right a punch down tool is used in
33876
21:24:11,832 --> 21:24:12,832
one of these 66 or 110 blocks if you see
33877
21:24:15,600 --> 21:24:16,600
a 66 or 110 block on the test the answer
33878
21:24:18,552 --> 21:24:19,552
is punch down tool i can just tell you
33879
21:24:20,080 --> 21:24:21,080
that automatically
33880
21:24:21,600 --> 21:24:22,600
this as you can see these are all the
33881
21:24:23,192 --> 21:24:24,192
mini all the cables
33882
21:24:24,960 --> 21:24:25,960
not even wrapped in a bigger rj45 or
33883
21:24:27,280 --> 21:24:28,280
anything this is where the cables
33884
21:24:28,552 --> 21:24:29,552
terminate for say the telecommunications
33885
21:24:31,192 --> 21:24:32,192
company generally speaking unless you're
33886
21:24:33,120 --> 21:24:34,120
working for a telecommunications company
33887
21:24:34,720 --> 21:24:35,720
you're not going to need to deal with
33888
21:24:35,832 --> 21:24:36,832
this but what happens is this tool
33889
21:24:38,960 --> 21:24:39,960
punches
33890
21:24:40,160 --> 21:24:41,160
each one of these individual cables into
33891
21:24:42,960 --> 21:24:43,960
this which is called a punch down block
33892
21:24:45,440 --> 21:24:46,440
that terminates all the cables
33893
21:24:47,760 --> 21:24:48,760
for the entire building into one
33894
21:24:49,440 --> 21:24:50,440
location and that's how you're going to
33895
21:24:51,120 --> 21:24:52,120
use that
33896
21:24:52,232 --> 21:24:53,232
it connects the wires into the
33897
21:24:53,920 --> 21:24:54,920
structured cabling system that you've
33898
21:24:55,680 --> 21:24:56,680
created which involves which we will
33899
21:24:57,760 --> 21:24:58,760
talk about what a structured cabling
33900
21:24:59,440 --> 21:25:00,440
system is
33901
21:25:00,960 --> 21:25:01,960
in network plus but this is basically
33902
21:25:03,280 --> 21:25:04,280
connecting it to
33903
21:25:05,600 --> 21:25:06,600
um
33904
21:25:09,832 --> 21:25:10,832
drops patch panels etc but this is where
33905
21:25:12,480 --> 21:25:13,480
it all ends in a very broad sense
33906
21:25:18,320 --> 21:25:19,320
this punches down
33907
21:25:20,480 --> 21:25:21,480
is the actual termination of the cable
33908
21:25:22,960 --> 21:25:23,960
that's where the cable actually ends all
33909
21:25:25,040 --> 21:25:26,040
cables end in a punch down block either
33910
21:25:27,680 --> 21:25:28,680
call the 66 or 110 punch done block
33911
21:25:30,640 --> 21:25:31,640
depending on the amount
33912
21:25:33,120 --> 21:25:34,120
of terminations
33913
21:25:36,232 --> 21:25:37,232
all right now we're getting into some
33914
21:25:37,600 --> 21:25:38,600
tools so so those tools are how we made
33915
21:25:39,600 --> 21:25:40,600
the cable now we're going to get into
33916
21:25:40,552 --> 21:25:41,552
some testing tools a continuity tester
33917
21:25:44,232 --> 21:25:45,232
has a land testing unit that plugs into
33918
21:25:46,872 --> 21:25:47,872
a port on the patch panel
33919
21:25:49,512 --> 21:25:50,512
and then a terminator plug that plugs
33920
21:25:51,120 --> 21:25:52,120
into the other end of the jack so i
33921
21:25:53,360 --> 21:25:54,360
would plug one end and you can see i
33922
21:25:55,360 --> 21:25:56,360
have a cable here
33923
21:25:57,512 --> 21:25:58,512
connecting so this end would plug into
33924
21:25:59,832 --> 21:26:00,832
say
33925
21:26:00,640 --> 21:26:01,640
my patch panel or into the drop in the
33926
21:26:03,512 --> 21:26:04,512
room
33927
21:26:04,640 --> 21:26:05,640
this would plug into the other side and
33928
21:26:06,872 --> 21:26:07,872
then what it does is it tests the
33929
21:26:08,552 --> 21:26:09,552
continuity of the cable to make sure and
33930
21:26:11,120 --> 21:26:12,120
you can see here
33931
21:26:14,640 --> 21:26:15,640
this is probably made for rj11 in some
33932
21:26:16,720 --> 21:26:17,720
way but it has pins and it tells me
33933
21:26:20,960 --> 21:26:21,960
which pins are working and which aren't
33934
21:26:24,960 --> 21:26:25,960
it's going to test not only for
33935
21:26:26,400 --> 21:26:27,400
continuity to make sure the whole thing
33936
21:26:28,400 --> 21:26:29,400
works but it's going to test each
33937
21:26:29,832 --> 21:26:30,832
individual wire in the cable to make
33938
21:26:32,080 --> 21:26:33,080
sure one of them isn't shorted this
33939
21:26:33,760 --> 21:26:34,760
would also tell you for instance if you
33940
21:26:35,280 --> 21:26:36,280
had a crossover cable because it would
33941
21:26:36,720 --> 21:26:37,720
tell you which pins were transmitting on
33942
21:26:39,600 --> 21:26:40,600
which end
33943
21:26:42,480 --> 21:26:43,480
a patch tester is different so that's
33944
21:26:44,320 --> 21:26:45,320
going to test the continuity of a cable
33945
21:26:46,872 --> 21:26:47,872
say from
33946
21:26:48,720 --> 21:26:49,720
your punch from your patch room your
33947
21:26:51,440 --> 21:26:52,440
patch panel all the way to the drop in
33948
21:26:53,680 --> 21:26:54,680
say another building or not another
33949
21:26:55,512 --> 21:26:56,512
building excuse me but another room
33950
21:26:56,960 --> 21:26:57,960
another room in the building a patch
33951
21:26:59,440 --> 21:27:00,440
tester is generally for connecting a
33952
21:27:02,000 --> 21:27:03,000
patch cable together
33953
21:27:04,960 --> 21:27:05,960
so basically i want to test my cable i'm
33954
21:27:07,512 --> 21:27:08,512
not testing the continuity of the signal
33955
21:27:09,512 --> 21:27:10,512
i'm more testing that the cable is
33956
21:27:11,512 --> 21:27:12,512
working
33957
21:27:12,480 --> 21:27:13,480
it has two rj45 jacks on it so the other
33958
21:27:15,512 --> 21:27:16,512
one had a sort of a receiver sort of
33959
21:27:17,920 --> 21:27:18,920
wireless this one both ends of the patch
33960
21:27:21,120 --> 21:27:22,120
cable plug into this and you can tell
33961
21:27:23,440 --> 21:27:24,440
exactly what's working and what's not
33962
21:27:25,280 --> 21:27:26,280
working
33963
21:27:27,280 --> 21:27:28,280
you press a test button which is usually
33964
21:27:29,360 --> 21:27:30,360
on the bottom or the side and it tells
33965
21:27:31,120 --> 21:27:32,120
you if the connection is good
33966
21:27:33,512 --> 21:27:34,512
or miswired or whatever
33967
21:27:35,760 --> 21:27:36,760
and it all tells you it here
33968
21:27:40,000 --> 21:27:41,000
there's also a toner probe
33969
21:27:43,280 --> 21:27:44,280
which would basically be used to connect
33970
21:27:45,920 --> 21:27:46,920
if you wanted to find
33971
21:27:48,640 --> 21:27:49,640
where a cable was
33972
21:27:51,040 --> 21:27:52,040
terminated so let's say i wired
33973
21:27:53,512 --> 21:27:54,512
something up
33974
21:27:55,120 --> 21:27:56,120
and then i have to go back and fix it
33975
21:27:56,400 --> 21:27:57,400
but i don't know
33976
21:27:57,832 --> 21:27:58,832
which drop lines up with which cable in
33977
21:28:00,400 --> 21:28:01,400
the patch room right it's like your
33978
21:28:02,800 --> 21:28:03,800
circuit breaker at home sometimes you
33979
21:28:04,872 --> 21:28:05,872
don't know
33980
21:28:07,120 --> 21:28:08,120
flipping which switch is going to turn
33981
21:28:08,720 --> 21:28:09,720
off what cabling in your room
33982
21:28:11,120 --> 21:28:12,120
so when it's turned on this sends a tone
33983
21:28:16,232 --> 21:28:17,232
along the length of a cable so i'd go
33984
21:28:18,080 --> 21:28:19,080
into a room
33985
21:28:19,680 --> 21:28:20,680
i would plug this into the
33986
21:28:22,400 --> 21:28:23,400
cable and then it would send a tone and
33987
21:28:24,080 --> 21:28:25,080
then i could run this device
33988
21:28:26,960 --> 21:28:27,960
outside the outside of the of all the
33989
21:28:29,440 --> 21:28:30,440
ports
33990
21:28:30,640 --> 21:28:31,640
in my
33991
21:28:31,680 --> 21:28:32,680
server room and it would tell me which
33992
21:28:33,832 --> 21:28:34,832
cable lined up with the cable i'm
33993
21:28:35,512 --> 21:28:36,512
shooting the toner through the the tone
33994
21:28:38,000 --> 21:28:39,000
through
33995
21:28:39,040 --> 21:28:40,040
so it can pick up the tone at any point
33996
21:28:40,960 --> 21:28:41,960
along the cable and on the termination
33997
21:28:42,800 --> 21:28:43,800
length this helps me identify cables
33998
21:28:47,040 --> 21:28:48,040
so i can identify which cables the one i
33999
21:28:48,960 --> 21:28:49,960
want to work on i'm in a room that the
34000
21:28:51,440 --> 21:28:52,440
drop's not working let's say uh consumer
34001
21:28:54,400 --> 21:28:55,400
customer complains their connections not
34002
21:28:56,552 --> 21:28:57,552
working i test it i notice that they're
34003
21:28:59,192 --> 21:29:00,192
right the cable's not working
34004
21:29:01,120 --> 21:29:02,120
now i need to determine where in the
34005
21:29:04,320 --> 21:29:05,320
patch panel the
34006
21:29:06,400 --> 21:29:07,400
cable is terminated so then i can
34007
21:29:08,000 --> 21:29:09,000
continue to do troubleshooting but on
34008
21:29:10,160 --> 21:29:11,160
the back end
34009
21:29:11,680 --> 21:29:12,680
this
34010
21:29:12,400 --> 21:29:13,400
toner probe is going to help you find
34011
21:29:13,920 --> 21:29:14,920
that and think about it like it releases
34012
21:29:15,760 --> 21:29:16,760
a tone that then the other device can
34013
21:29:18,000 --> 21:29:19,000
pick up or hear
34014
21:29:19,760 --> 21:29:20,760
it's good for locating a miss or
34015
21:29:21,440 --> 21:29:22,440
unmarked drop like i just explained
34016
21:29:25,120 --> 21:29:26,120
we also have something called a loop
34017
21:29:26,320 --> 21:29:27,320
back plug the loopback plug
34018
21:29:29,360 --> 21:29:30,360
connects directly to an rj45 port and
34019
21:29:32,000 --> 21:29:33,000
just like the loopback uh
34020
21:29:34,800 --> 21:29:35,800
and we'll talk about loopback for um
34021
21:29:37,512 --> 21:29:38,512
software reasons but what this does is
34022
21:29:39,680 --> 21:29:40,680
it simulates a network adapter being
34023
21:29:41,920 --> 21:29:42,920
connected to because what it does it
34024
21:29:43,760 --> 21:29:44,760
sends a pin out and then it has the data
34025
21:29:45,680 --> 21:29:46,680
come back in
34026
21:29:46,872 --> 21:29:47,872
directly and so what it does is it can
34027
21:29:49,120 --> 21:29:50,120
tell you whether or not your your actual
34028
21:29:53,192 --> 21:29:54,192
network card is working efficiently and
34029
21:29:55,120 --> 21:29:56,120
correctly
34030
21:29:57,600 --> 21:29:58,600
and it tests the port itself as opposed
34031
21:29:59,920 --> 21:30:00,920
to testing the cable everything we've
34032
21:30:01,280 --> 21:30:02,280
really looked at has been testing a
34033
21:30:02,872 --> 21:30:03,872
cable or following a cable this is going
34034
21:30:04,640 --> 21:30:05,640
to actually test the port to make sure
34035
21:30:06,800 --> 21:30:07,800
your network adapter port is still wired
34036
21:30:08,960 --> 21:30:09,960
correctly
34037
21:30:11,920 --> 21:30:12,920
and it'll also test to make sure the tcp
34038
21:30:14,400 --> 21:30:15,400
functions are correct on the network
34039
21:30:16,080 --> 21:30:17,080
adapter
34040
21:30:19,120 --> 21:30:20,120
finally the last tool is a time domain
34041
21:30:20,960 --> 21:30:21,960
reflector and it's also the coolest
34042
21:30:22,400 --> 21:30:23,400
looking tool what it'll do is locate a
34043
21:30:24,960 --> 21:30:25,960
fault or disk continuities in the
34044
21:30:27,440 --> 21:30:28,440
connector by transmitting just like the
34045
21:30:29,832 --> 21:30:30,832
time domain
34046
21:30:30,960 --> 21:30:31,960
sorry just by the toner probe it
34047
21:30:32,872 --> 21:30:33,872
transmits a short pulse but instead of
34048
21:30:34,872 --> 21:30:35,872
just trying to find the pulse so we can
34049
21:30:36,800 --> 21:30:37,800
locate a mismarked cable this will tell
34050
21:30:39,512 --> 21:30:40,512
me where the faults are in the cable and
34051
21:30:41,920 --> 21:30:42,920
send it back to me
34052
21:30:43,360 --> 21:30:44,360
if the cable is
34053
21:30:44,720 --> 21:30:45,720
installed correctly i won't get any
34054
21:30:46,320 --> 21:30:47,320
signal back right because it's going all
34055
21:30:48,400 --> 21:30:49,400
the way if i am hitting a flub it'll
34056
21:30:51,120 --> 21:30:52,120
reflect that back to me like sending a
34057
21:30:52,960 --> 21:30:53,960
ping and it'll send the error back so i
34058
21:30:56,232 --> 21:30:57,232
can see it and i can see oh there's a
34059
21:30:57,832 --> 21:30:58,832
problem in the cable and i can get a
34060
21:30:59,120 --> 21:31:00,120
general idea of where it is located in
34061
21:31:01,192 --> 21:31:02,192
the cable so this is to help me identify
34062
21:31:03,680 --> 21:31:04,680
faults in a cable generally you're going
34063
21:31:05,040 --> 21:31:06,040
to use it with
34064
21:31:06,640 --> 21:31:07,640
less
34065
21:31:08,160 --> 21:31:09,160
less like utp and more fiber optics and
34066
21:31:11,040 --> 21:31:12,040
larger setups
34067
21:31:13,920 --> 21:31:14,920
okay
34068
21:31:14,800 --> 21:31:15,800
so now we've talked about cabling tools
34069
21:31:16,480 --> 21:31:17,480
including the cable cutter wire stripper
34070
21:31:19,360 --> 21:31:20,360
crimper
34071
21:31:20,872 --> 21:31:21,872
punch down tool
34072
21:31:22,480 --> 21:31:23,480
continuity testers a patch tester
34073
21:31:25,760 --> 21:31:26,760
toner probe loopback plug and time
34074
21:31:28,400 --> 21:31:29,400
domain reflector let's go back all over
34075
21:31:30,640 --> 21:31:31,640
all of these one more time
34076
21:31:32,960 --> 21:31:33,960
all right so we started by talking about
34077
21:31:34,480 --> 21:31:35,480
cable types and connectors
34078
21:31:36,400 --> 21:31:37,400
our twisted pair which comes in utp
34079
21:31:38,552 --> 21:31:39,552
that's untwisted unshielded twisted pair
34080
21:31:41,192 --> 21:31:42,192
and shielded twisted pair
34081
21:31:43,360 --> 21:31:44,360
remember it's twisted to reduce
34082
21:31:48,720 --> 21:31:49,720
crosstalk
34083
21:31:51,680 --> 21:31:52,680
and emi
34084
21:31:55,360 --> 21:31:56,360
generally speaking we're using a 568b
34085
21:31:58,400 --> 21:31:59,400
can
34086
21:31:59,120 --> 21:32:00,120
connection
34087
21:32:00,480 --> 21:32:01,480
if we do the 568a this is called a
34088
21:32:03,120 --> 21:32:04,120
straight through by the way
34089
21:32:05,040 --> 21:32:06,040
on both sides
34090
21:32:07,360 --> 21:32:08,360
568a on one side and b on the other is
34091
21:32:10,320 --> 21:32:11,320
what's called a crossover cable
34092
21:32:15,192 --> 21:32:16,192
and also remember
34093
21:32:17,192 --> 21:32:18,192
we have to use plenum grade in between
34094
21:32:19,360 --> 21:32:20,360
walls okay
34095
21:32:21,192 --> 21:32:22,192
we talked about a coaxial cable oh and
34096
21:32:23,192 --> 21:32:24,192
the other thing i want to mention about
34097
21:32:24,232 --> 21:32:25,232
utp and stp
34098
21:32:25,920 --> 21:32:26,920
is you're going to see a lot of cat 5
34099
21:32:28,232 --> 21:32:29,232
cat6
34100
21:32:30,400 --> 21:32:31,400
and
34101
21:32:31,280 --> 21:32:32,280
100 meters is the limit
34102
21:32:33,600 --> 21:32:34,600
coaxial cable has a single core
34103
21:32:36,160 --> 21:32:37,160
a single copper core
34104
21:32:39,600 --> 21:32:40,600
fiber
34105
21:32:40,832 --> 21:32:41,832
optics uses light instead of elect
34106
21:32:45,360 --> 21:32:46,360
electric
34107
21:32:46,720 --> 21:32:47,720
and it also
34108
21:32:49,680 --> 21:32:50,680
is broken up into multi-mode
34109
21:32:52,232 --> 21:32:53,232
and single mode
34110
21:32:54,800 --> 21:32:55,800
remember multi is faster
34111
21:32:58,720 --> 21:32:59,720
over shorter distances
34112
21:33:01,600 --> 21:33:02,600
and single is slower
34113
21:33:04,160 --> 21:33:05,160
over longer distances
34114
21:33:06,720 --> 21:33:07,720
then we talked about our cabling tools
34115
21:33:08,800 --> 21:33:09,800
including the cable cutter which can
34116
21:33:10,480 --> 21:33:11,480
help you literally cut the cord to size
34117
21:33:16,080 --> 21:33:17,080
the wire stripper
34118
21:33:18,552 --> 21:33:19,552
which removes
34119
21:33:20,720 --> 21:33:21,720
the outside insulation
34120
21:33:26,160 --> 21:33:27,160
the crimper which literally attaches
34121
21:33:31,600 --> 21:33:32,600
the connector
34122
21:33:34,160 --> 21:33:35,160
to the cable
34123
21:33:36,232 --> 21:33:37,232
the punch down tool
34124
21:33:40,000 --> 21:33:41,000
which is used to punch down the
34125
21:33:41,760 --> 21:33:42,760
termination points
34126
21:33:44,552 --> 21:33:45,552
of cabling
34127
21:33:46,080 --> 21:33:47,080
to a 66 or 110 block
34128
21:33:49,120 --> 21:33:50,120
continuity testers
34129
21:33:50,960 --> 21:33:51,960
which test the cable from one end to the
34130
21:33:53,440 --> 21:33:54,440
other
34131
21:33:54,320 --> 21:33:55,320
by looking at each
34132
21:33:59,040 --> 21:34:00,040
individual pin
34133
21:34:02,080 --> 21:34:03,080
the patch tester which is for testing a
34134
21:34:04,552 --> 21:34:05,552
cable
34135
21:34:08,480 --> 21:34:09,480
a toner probe which helps you locate
34136
21:34:12,080 --> 21:34:13,080
a mismarked drop
34137
21:34:14,000 --> 21:34:15,000
but when you say drop that means a
34138
21:34:16,800 --> 21:34:17,800
network drop
34139
21:34:18,080 --> 21:34:19,080
a loopback plug
34140
21:34:20,640 --> 21:34:21,640
which tests support
34141
21:34:22,552 --> 21:34:23,552
and the time domain reflector which
34142
21:34:24,720 --> 21:34:25,720
helps you locate
34143
21:34:27,280 --> 21:34:28,280
impedance
34144
21:34:29,832 --> 21:34:30,832
or problems
34145
21:34:35,760 --> 21:34:36,760
on a cable's path
34146
21:34:38,872 --> 21:34:39,872
great so now we've talked about the
34147
21:34:40,480 --> 21:34:41,480
physical stuff the hardware stuff let's
34148
21:34:42,080 --> 21:34:43,080
get into talking about some of the
34149
21:34:44,640 --> 21:34:45,640
software
34150
21:34:45,832 --> 21:34:46,832
and uh
34151
21:34:47,920 --> 21:34:48,920
protocols that allow networking to
34152
21:34:50,400 --> 21:34:51,400
actually occur
34153
21:34:55,020 --> 21:34:56,020
[Music]
34154
21:35:14,832 --> 21:35:15,832
this networking
34155
21:35:17,120 --> 21:35:18,120
ip addressing and configuration
34156
21:35:22,000 --> 21:35:23,000
just like you would have no problem uh
34157
21:35:24,800 --> 21:35:25,800
finding a friend in a classroom
34158
21:35:27,680 --> 21:35:28,680
sometimes networking can be really easy
34159
21:35:30,552 --> 21:35:31,552
but what if your friend was located on
34160
21:35:32,160 --> 21:35:33,160
the other side of the world instead of
34161
21:35:33,600 --> 21:35:34,600
in the same classroom as you in fact
34162
21:35:35,600 --> 21:35:36,600
what if that friend was someone you had
34163
21:35:37,120 --> 21:35:38,120
never even met before how would you send
34164
21:35:39,280 --> 21:35:40,280
them a message well this is where i p
34165
21:35:42,552 --> 21:35:43,552
addressing comes into play
34166
21:35:44,480 --> 21:35:45,480
ip addressing gives each computer a
34167
21:35:47,192 --> 21:35:48,192
unique address on the network that then
34168
21:35:49,600 --> 21:35:50,600
it can use in order to
34169
21:35:51,920 --> 21:35:52,920
transfer data from one point to the
34170
21:35:53,512 --> 21:35:54,512
other over the physical media and
34171
21:35:56,080 --> 21:35:57,080
devices we've already talked about in
34172
21:35:58,232 --> 21:35:59,232
fact ip addressing is the technology
34173
21:36:00,480 --> 21:36:01,480
that allows routing to take place
34174
21:36:03,760 --> 21:36:04,760
meaning it allows the internet to
34175
21:36:05,832 --> 21:36:06,832
actually be in existence so we're going
34176
21:36:07,832 --> 21:36:08,832
to talk about in this video is how i p
34177
21:36:10,400 --> 21:36:11,400
addressing works a number you've
34178
21:36:12,160 --> 21:36:13,160
probably seen but what exactly it is and
34179
21:36:14,080 --> 21:36:15,080
how it's different from something else
34180
21:36:15,192 --> 21:36:16,192
called mac addressing we're also going
34181
21:36:16,640 --> 21:36:17,640
to talk about how configuration of it
34182
21:36:18,480 --> 21:36:19,480
works on a pc
34183
21:36:21,280 --> 21:36:22,280
so first we're going to talk about mac
34184
21:36:22,872 --> 21:36:23,872
addresses which are also called physical
34185
21:36:25,360 --> 21:36:26,360
addresses these are hard wired numbers
34186
21:36:28,320 --> 21:36:29,320
that are
34187
21:36:29,512 --> 21:36:30,512
in your any device whether it's a
34188
21:36:32,160 --> 21:36:33,160
smartphone computer network adapter etc
34189
21:36:35,832 --> 21:36:36,832
and these are hardwired from
34190
21:36:37,040 --> 21:36:38,040
manufacturing this is different from the
34191
21:36:39,192 --> 21:36:40,192
ip address
34192
21:36:40,720 --> 21:36:41,720
and tcpip
34193
21:36:42,640 --> 21:36:43,640
is the protocol suite that allows ip
34194
21:36:45,040 --> 21:36:46,040
addressing to occur so we're going to
34195
21:36:47,120 --> 21:36:48,120
talk about tcp in general
34196
21:36:49,680 --> 21:36:50,680
we're then going to talk about the ip
34197
21:36:51,192 --> 21:36:52,192
address whereas the physical address
34198
21:36:53,512 --> 21:36:54,512
might be
34199
21:36:54,480 --> 21:36:55,480
a number given to you say your serial
34200
21:36:57,360 --> 21:36:58,360
number if you're in the military or
34201
21:36:58,720 --> 21:36:59,720
social security number for people in
34202
21:37:00,320 --> 21:37:01,320
america the ip address
34203
21:37:02,960 --> 21:37:03,960
is a logical address that's given to you
34204
21:37:06,000 --> 21:37:07,000
when you sign onto the network when you
34205
21:37:07,920 --> 21:37:08,920
leave the network it's taken away in
34206
21:37:10,080 --> 21:37:11,080
some instances and so um the
34207
21:37:14,080 --> 21:37:15,080
routers and servers and all the things
34208
21:37:15,920 --> 21:37:16,920
out there that are sending data between
34209
21:37:17,512 --> 21:37:18,512
one to the next know how to find you
34210
21:37:20,160 --> 21:37:21,160
even if they don't know your physical
34211
21:37:22,160 --> 21:37:23,160
address which can be hard to determine
34212
21:37:24,320 --> 21:37:25,320
they can get back to using an ip address
34213
21:37:26,080 --> 21:37:27,080
and we will talk about this
34214
21:37:28,000 --> 21:37:29,000
there are two versions of ip currently
34215
21:37:30,160 --> 21:37:31,160
out there the older version is called
34216
21:37:32,192 --> 21:37:33,192
ipv4 ipb4 this has been sort of the de
34217
21:37:35,832 --> 21:37:36,832
facto standard for a very long time and
34218
21:37:37,760 --> 21:37:38,760
so we're going to talk about ipv4
34219
21:37:40,160 --> 21:37:41,160
and in it
34220
21:37:41,360 --> 21:37:42,360
we have things called classes this is
34221
21:37:43,040 --> 21:37:44,040
what we call a class full addressing
34222
21:37:45,360 --> 21:37:46,360
system and it allows us to know how big
34223
21:37:48,000 --> 21:37:49,000
the network is and how many nodes there
34224
21:37:50,000 --> 21:37:51,000
are on it or how many computers there
34225
21:37:51,832 --> 21:37:52,832
could be on it we're also going to look
34226
21:37:53,600 --> 21:37:54,600
at private versus public ip addresses
34227
21:37:56,320 --> 21:37:57,320
at home you don't need to have an ip
34228
21:37:58,400 --> 21:37:59,400
address that can get you out to the
34229
21:38:00,080 --> 21:38:01,080
internet you just need an ip address
34230
21:38:01,680 --> 21:38:02,680
that can work you within all the devices
34231
21:38:03,760 --> 21:38:04,760
in your
34232
21:38:05,040 --> 21:38:06,040
local network so private i p addresses
34233
21:38:07,920 --> 21:38:08,920
are used uh in order to allow us to have
34234
21:38:11,040 --> 21:38:12,040
ip addresses for every single device in
34235
21:38:12,872 --> 21:38:13,872
the world since i would quickly run out
34236
21:38:14,720 --> 21:38:15,720
of them otherwise
34237
21:38:16,232 --> 21:38:17,232
and that's different from public ip
34238
21:38:17,832 --> 21:38:18,832
addresses the ones that go out onto the
34239
21:38:19,440 --> 21:38:20,440
internet
34240
21:38:20,552 --> 21:38:21,552
we're going to look at something called
34241
21:38:21,680 --> 21:38:22,680
a subnet mask the subnet mask determines
34242
21:38:25,192 --> 21:38:26,192
what the network name is and what the i
34243
21:38:27,280 --> 21:38:28,280
what the node name is
34244
21:38:29,192 --> 21:38:30,192
meaning that i have to know what's uh
34245
21:38:32,080 --> 21:38:33,080
what country you're in
34246
21:38:34,000 --> 21:38:35,000
before i can determine what your serial
34247
21:38:35,760 --> 21:38:36,760
number is for instance a phone number
34248
21:38:37,512 --> 21:38:38,512
you dial a international or a
34249
21:38:40,640 --> 21:38:41,640
country code before you start dialing
34250
21:38:42,800 --> 21:38:43,800
the local uh code for the actual country
34251
21:38:45,680 --> 21:38:46,680
you're in
34252
21:38:47,120 --> 21:38:48,120
there's also something called the
34253
21:38:48,080 --> 21:38:49,080
gateway address which is the ip address
34254
21:38:51,280 --> 21:38:52,280
of the device
34255
21:38:52,872 --> 21:38:53,872
that
34256
21:38:55,120 --> 21:38:56,120
is easiest for uh
34257
21:38:59,760 --> 21:39:00,760
that you would reach out to first in
34258
21:39:01,280 --> 21:39:02,280
case you don't know where else to turn
34259
21:39:03,760 --> 21:39:04,760
there's also something called dns i
34260
21:39:05,040 --> 21:39:06,040
think we've talked about this domain
34261
21:39:06,720 --> 21:39:07,720
name service this is what translates
34262
21:39:09,680 --> 21:39:10,680
google.com or yahoo.com or cnn.com or
34263
21:39:12,872 --> 21:39:13,872
any of these into an actual number so
34264
21:39:15,512 --> 21:39:16,512
that you don't have to remember the
34265
21:39:16,872 --> 21:39:17,872
number you just have to remember the
34266
21:39:18,080 --> 21:39:19,080
name so instead of me calling you
34267
21:39:20,640 --> 21:39:21,640
for instance by your
34268
21:39:22,400 --> 21:39:23,400
uh
34269
21:39:23,192 --> 21:39:24,192
phone number if i'm looking on my phone
34270
21:39:25,280 --> 21:39:26,280
i don't have to remember your phone
34271
21:39:26,552 --> 21:39:27,552
number i can simply remember your name
34272
21:39:28,400 --> 21:39:29,400
and my phone will
34273
21:39:30,080 --> 21:39:31,080
dial your phone number for me
34274
21:39:32,640 --> 21:39:33,640
we're also going to look at something
34275
21:39:33,680 --> 21:39:34,680
because this is a good place for it
34276
21:39:35,440 --> 21:39:36,440
called the hosts file which is sort of a
34277
21:39:38,160 --> 21:39:39,160
local dns
34278
21:39:40,720 --> 21:39:41,720
server on your computer file that
34279
21:39:42,400 --> 21:39:43,400
contains all of these ip addresses and
34280
21:39:45,920 --> 21:39:46,920
the um
34281
21:39:47,832 --> 21:39:48,832
domain names that they represent uh it
34282
21:39:51,120 --> 21:39:52,120
was used a lot more in older systems and
34283
21:39:53,040 --> 21:39:54,040
we'll talk about that then we're going
34284
21:39:54,640 --> 21:39:55,640
to briefly go over ipv version 6 the
34285
21:39:57,280 --> 21:39:58,280
newest ip version
34286
21:40:00,000 --> 21:40:01,000
how we write it out what are called the
34287
21:40:01,680 --> 21:40:02,680
truncation rules how we write this into
34288
21:40:03,600 --> 21:40:04,600
a shorter form such it is a much larger
34289
21:40:05,832 --> 21:40:06,832
number it's much harder to write out
34290
21:40:08,000 --> 21:40:09,000
we're going to look at in both cases
34291
21:40:09,920 --> 21:40:10,920
what are called dynamic versus static ip
34292
21:40:12,080 --> 21:40:13,080
addresses whether they are signed to you
34293
21:40:14,160 --> 21:40:15,160
through what's called a
34294
21:40:15,552 --> 21:40:16,552
dhcp server
34295
21:40:17,760 --> 21:40:18,760
when you log on or whether you are
34296
21:40:19,512 --> 21:40:20,512
assigned it by say your administrator
34297
21:40:22,080 --> 21:40:23,080
and given an ip address that never
34298
21:40:23,832 --> 21:40:24,832
changes especially for large devices
34299
21:40:26,232 --> 21:40:27,232
like servers or um web
34300
21:40:29,832 --> 21:40:30,832
web servers
34301
21:40:32,160 --> 21:40:33,160
something called an apipa address every
34302
21:40:34,480 --> 21:40:35,480
device needs an ip address they come
34303
21:40:37,040 --> 21:40:38,040
with a mac address automatically but
34304
21:40:38,872 --> 21:40:39,872
they need to have an ip address
34305
21:40:41,440 --> 21:40:42,440
in order to work and so if it cannot
34306
21:40:43,280 --> 21:40:44,280
find an ip address it will self assign
34307
21:40:45,192 --> 21:40:46,192
itself an ip address
34308
21:40:48,080 --> 21:40:49,080
we also need to talk about something
34309
21:40:49,120 --> 21:40:50,120
called the local host in both cases in
34310
21:40:52,232 --> 21:40:53,232
both ips
34311
21:40:54,000 --> 21:40:55,000
there is a way to ping yourself or to
34312
21:40:56,320 --> 21:40:57,320
say hi to yourself to make sure that
34313
21:40:58,552 --> 21:40:59,552
everything is set up correctly this is
34314
21:40:59,760 --> 21:41:00,760
called the local host and we'll talk
34315
21:41:01,600 --> 21:41:02,600
about that
34316
21:41:02,960 --> 21:41:03,960
we're also going to talk about how to
34317
21:41:04,080 --> 21:41:05,080
configure tcp in windows
34318
21:41:08,640 --> 21:41:09,640
let's start talking about a mac address
34319
21:41:11,440 --> 21:41:12,440
this is also called the physical address
34320
21:41:13,680 --> 21:41:14,680
of a device and every device adapter
34321
21:41:17,040 --> 21:41:18,040
every thing on network has one of these
34322
21:41:20,552 --> 21:41:21,552
if you have your computer has four
34323
21:41:22,480 --> 21:41:23,480
different network adapters a wireless
34324
21:41:24,080 --> 21:41:25,080
one a bluetooth uh and a hardwired then
34325
21:41:27,360 --> 21:41:28,360
you're gonna have uh three or four
34326
21:41:31,040 --> 21:41:32,040
um ip addresses uh mac addresses excuse
34327
21:41:33,512 --> 21:41:34,512
me physical addresses one for each
34328
21:41:35,760 --> 21:41:36,760
device
34329
21:41:37,192 --> 21:41:38,192
it is a unique identifier that allows
34330
21:41:39,760 --> 21:41:40,760
other devices to locate you
34331
21:41:41,920 --> 21:41:42,920
especially now and this is how
34332
21:41:44,232 --> 21:41:45,232
networking works
34333
21:41:45,760 --> 21:41:46,760
every device has a mac address that's
34334
21:41:47,680 --> 21:41:48,680
its name it cannot be changed it can be
34335
21:41:51,040 --> 21:41:52,040
changed in more advanced networking
34336
21:41:52,552 --> 21:41:53,552
settings but for our purposes it cannot
34337
21:41:54,400 --> 21:41:55,400
be changed it is physical it is
34338
21:41:56,160 --> 21:41:57,160
hardwired on and so other devices can
34339
21:41:58,480 --> 21:41:59,480
locate you the problem becomes how do i
34340
21:42:00,320 --> 21:42:01,320
locate a mac address on the other side
34341
21:42:01,832 --> 21:42:02,832
of the world that's why we start having
34342
21:42:03,680 --> 21:42:04,680
ip addresses
34343
21:42:05,600 --> 21:42:06,600
this is similar to a social security
34344
21:42:07,440 --> 21:42:08,440
number given to us citizens or a serial
34345
21:42:10,232 --> 21:42:11,232
number given to members of the military
34346
21:42:12,480 --> 21:42:13,480
it will never change and will always
34347
21:42:14,160 --> 21:42:15,160
remain the same and always be a way to
34348
21:42:15,512 --> 21:42:16,512
name you
34349
21:42:17,040 --> 21:42:18,040
you can change for instance your name my
34350
21:42:19,280 --> 21:42:20,280
name is josh i could go to the court and
34351
21:42:20,960 --> 21:42:21,960
have that changed but my social security
34352
21:42:23,040 --> 21:42:24,040
number in the eyes of the law will
34353
21:42:24,400 --> 21:42:25,400
always remember remain the same that way
34354
21:42:26,400 --> 21:42:27,400
the u.s can always keep tabs on me
34355
21:42:29,512 --> 21:42:30,512
it is the mac address a hexadecimal
34356
21:42:31,920 --> 21:42:32,920
number hexadecimal means that a decimal
34357
21:42:35,040 --> 21:42:36,040
number
34358
21:42:36,400 --> 21:42:37,400
if we think about this
34359
21:42:39,040 --> 21:42:40,040
and we will talk about this more in
34360
21:42:40,232 --> 21:42:41,232
depth in network plus a decimal number
34361
21:42:44,000 --> 21:42:45,000
has zero to nine in every digit you can
34362
21:42:46,080 --> 21:42:47,080
have zero one two three four five six
34363
21:42:48,000 --> 21:42:49,000
seven eight nine that's ten
34364
21:42:49,440 --> 21:42:50,440
possibilities
34365
21:42:50,720 --> 21:42:51,720
that's des like or dec
34366
21:42:53,040 --> 21:42:54,040
uh which is a root for ten
34367
21:42:55,832 --> 21:42:56,832
a hexadecimal number on the other hand
34368
21:42:58,000 --> 21:42:59,000
has 16 possibilities 0 through 9 we
34369
21:43:01,280 --> 21:43:02,280
already talked about those 10 and a b c
34370
21:43:04,400 --> 21:43:05,400
d e f
34371
21:43:05,760 --> 21:43:06,760
so in every
34372
21:43:07,120 --> 21:43:08,120
space where there could be a number it
34373
21:43:09,512 --> 21:43:10,512
can be either
34374
21:43:11,600 --> 21:43:12,600
any hexadecimal number and therefore you
34375
21:43:13,600 --> 21:43:14,600
have 16 possibilities
34376
21:43:16,160 --> 21:43:17,160
the hexadecimal number is divided into
34377
21:43:18,160 --> 21:43:19,160
six groups of two characters each and it
34378
21:43:20,400 --> 21:43:21,400
might look
34379
21:43:21,760 --> 21:43:22,760
a little something
34380
21:43:23,120 --> 21:43:24,120
like this
34381
21:43:25,680 --> 21:43:26,680
so
34382
21:43:26,480 --> 21:43:27,480
i have
34383
21:43:28,000 --> 21:43:29,000
six groups one two three four five six
34384
21:43:32,720 --> 21:43:33,720
of two characters each this gives me by
34385
21:43:34,960 --> 21:43:35,960
the way 48 bits
34386
21:43:39,280 --> 21:43:40,280
of information
34387
21:43:40,552 --> 21:43:41,552
which by the way if we break that up it
34388
21:43:42,640 --> 21:43:43,640
would be six
34389
21:43:46,872 --> 21:43:47,872
bytes
34390
21:43:48,552 --> 21:43:49,552
because 48 goes into eight
34391
21:43:51,360 --> 21:43:52,360
eight goes into 48 rather six times so
34392
21:43:54,480 --> 21:43:55,480
this is six bytes
34393
21:43:56,480 --> 21:43:57,480
48 bits just to give you an idea of how
34394
21:43:58,960 --> 21:43:59,960
large it is
34395
21:44:01,440 --> 21:44:02,440
it is hardwired onto an adapter meaning
34396
21:44:04,320 --> 21:44:05,320
the adapter when you purchase it has a
34397
21:44:07,192 --> 21:44:08,192
hexadecimal
34398
21:44:08,640 --> 21:44:09,640
physical address given to it
34399
21:44:11,040 --> 21:44:12,040
generally speaking the first three
34400
21:44:13,120 --> 21:44:14,120
numbers in this hexadecimal
34401
21:44:15,440 --> 21:44:16,440
are the manufacturer
34402
21:44:17,280 --> 21:44:18,280
meaning that
34403
21:44:18,480 --> 21:44:19,480
you could actually look up these numbers
34404
21:44:20,232 --> 21:44:21,232
and determine what manufacturer made the
34405
21:44:22,320 --> 21:44:23,320
device
34406
21:44:23,192 --> 21:44:24,192
whereas
34407
21:44:24,640 --> 21:44:25,640
these last numbers
34408
21:44:26,320 --> 21:44:27,320
are at the
34409
21:44:28,872 --> 21:44:29,872
manufacturer's discretion this is for
34410
21:44:30,480 --> 21:44:31,480
their device so so they can keep this is
34411
21:44:32,960 --> 21:44:33,960
where they can change stuff
34412
21:44:34,960 --> 21:44:35,960
okay if i have more than one ip address
34413
21:44:38,640 --> 21:44:39,640
on the same network i'm going to have a
34414
21:44:40,000 --> 21:44:41,000
problem since that's
34415
21:44:41,920 --> 21:44:42,920
how things are going to communicate
34416
21:44:44,000 --> 21:44:45,000
and so it's very important that every
34417
21:44:45,920 --> 21:44:46,920
device have a unique
34418
21:44:47,440 --> 21:44:48,440
mac address
34419
21:44:50,552 --> 21:44:51,552
all right so now you've been introduced
34420
21:44:52,232 --> 21:44:53,232
to mac addresses and let me just show
34421
21:44:54,160 --> 21:44:55,160
you
34422
21:44:55,512 --> 21:44:56,512
real quickly i'm going to go over to my
34423
21:44:57,512 --> 21:44:58,512
windows box
34424
21:44:59,680 --> 21:45:00,680
so here i already have the command line
34425
21:45:01,920 --> 21:45:02,920
open
34426
21:45:03,040 --> 21:45:04,040
i'm going to clear the screen
34427
21:45:05,600 --> 21:45:06,600
and if i was to do what's called
34428
21:45:07,120 --> 21:45:08,120
ipconfig all which is a command we'll
34429
21:45:09,192 --> 21:45:10,192
talk about
34430
21:45:10,552 --> 21:45:11,552
you'll see
34431
21:45:12,160 --> 21:45:13,160
that every device
34432
21:45:14,080 --> 21:45:15,080
has one of these mac addresses
34433
21:45:16,872 --> 21:45:17,872
and specifically if i go up here and
34434
21:45:18,320 --> 21:45:19,320
look at my ethernet adapter that's
34435
21:45:19,832 --> 21:45:20,832
what's giving me out to the internet
34436
21:45:21,120 --> 21:45:22,120
right now
34437
21:45:22,160 --> 21:45:23,160
you'll notice that here is my
34438
21:45:24,720 --> 21:45:25,720
physical address my mac address for this
34439
21:45:27,832 --> 21:45:28,832
device and i could literally look up
34440
21:45:29,600 --> 21:45:30,600
zero zero zero c two nine and find the
34441
21:45:33,512 --> 21:45:34,512
mac address
34442
21:45:35,120 --> 21:45:36,120
company the company that that mac
34443
21:45:36,640 --> 21:45:37,640
address has been assigned to
34444
21:45:39,600 --> 21:45:40,600
all right so let's talk about tcp
34445
21:45:42,552 --> 21:45:43,552
this stands for transmission protocol
34446
21:45:45,600 --> 21:45:46,600
sorry transmission control protocol
34447
21:45:47,920 --> 21:45:48,920
internet protocol it is what allows us
34448
21:45:51,120 --> 21:45:52,120
to take those mac addresses you imagine
34449
21:45:52,480 --> 21:45:53,480
i have millions of mac addresses and
34450
21:45:54,800 --> 21:45:55,800
they're on networks
34451
21:45:56,720 --> 21:45:57,720
if you imagine i have each of these
34452
21:45:58,232 --> 21:45:59,232
circles represents a network
34453
21:46:02,160 --> 21:46:03,160
and i have to
34454
21:46:03,832 --> 21:46:04,832
hop
34455
21:46:05,680 --> 21:46:06,680
from a
34456
21:46:07,280 --> 21:46:08,280
to b
34457
21:46:08,720 --> 21:46:09,720
there's really very little way
34458
21:46:11,832 --> 21:46:12,832
for this guy
34459
21:46:13,360 --> 21:46:14,360
a to know what the mac address is of b
34460
21:46:17,440 --> 21:46:18,440
or even if it does know the mac address
34461
21:46:19,120 --> 21:46:20,120
it doesn't know where to find it and so
34462
21:46:21,360 --> 21:46:22,360
that's why ip addressing comes in
34463
21:46:24,080 --> 21:46:25,080
it is a suite of standards that allows
34464
21:46:26,160 --> 21:46:27,160
for end-to-end connectivity in other
34465
21:46:28,320 --> 21:46:29,320
words from a
34466
21:46:29,512 --> 21:46:30,512
to b
34467
21:46:30,800 --> 21:46:31,800
it specifies how the data should be
34468
21:46:32,872 --> 21:46:33,872
formatted
34469
21:46:34,000 --> 21:46:35,000
addressed
34470
21:46:35,192 --> 21:46:36,192
transmitted routed and received in other
34471
21:46:38,000 --> 21:46:39,000
words
34472
21:46:39,760 --> 21:46:40,760
how i formulate the data into a packet
34473
21:46:43,040 --> 21:46:44,040
how i address it using an ip address so
34474
21:46:45,280 --> 21:46:46,280
i can find what i'm looking for
34475
21:46:47,120 --> 21:46:48,120
then how i transmit it over the media
34476
21:46:50,080 --> 21:46:51,080
over my cat5 cabling
34477
21:46:53,120 --> 21:46:54,120
how it is routed
34478
21:46:54,720 --> 21:46:55,720
between all of these different hops
34479
21:46:58,320 --> 21:46:59,320
and then how it's received by computer b
34480
21:47:00,720 --> 21:47:01,720
before it's all sent back the other way
34481
21:47:04,080 --> 21:47:05,080
it allows for wide area networking and
34482
21:47:07,120 --> 21:47:08,120
the internet
34483
21:47:08,232 --> 21:47:09,232
mac addresses as i think we've talked
34484
21:47:10,160 --> 21:47:11,160
about
34485
21:47:11,120 --> 21:47:12,120
and using switches
34486
21:47:13,040 --> 21:47:14,040
only allow for local area networks
34487
21:47:16,400 --> 21:47:17,400
a switch
34488
21:47:19,280 --> 21:47:20,280
this is a switch and all the computers
34489
21:47:20,552 --> 21:47:21,552
are hooked up to it
34490
21:47:23,512 --> 21:47:24,512
and a wants to talk to b a can say hey
34491
21:47:25,600 --> 21:47:26,600
i'm looking for mac address whatever and
34492
21:47:27,680 --> 21:47:28,680
the switch says oh i know who owns that
34493
21:47:29,832 --> 21:47:30,832
mac address because they're connected to
34494
21:47:31,192 --> 21:47:32,192
me
34495
21:47:32,000 --> 21:47:33,000
however the problem is a switch doesn't
34496
21:47:33,832 --> 21:47:34,832
know
34497
21:47:34,872 --> 21:47:35,872
let's if
34498
21:47:36,320 --> 21:47:37,320
if they're not connected directly to
34499
21:47:38,000 --> 21:47:39,000
this computer they don't know the mac
34500
21:47:39,600 --> 21:47:40,600
address and so that's why we need ip
34501
21:47:42,552 --> 21:47:43,552
addresses and routers which can deal
34502
21:47:44,400 --> 21:47:45,400
with ip addresses
34503
21:47:46,320 --> 21:47:47,320
this overcomes the limits of mac
34504
21:47:48,232 --> 21:47:49,232
addresses and the way it does that is by
34505
21:47:50,080 --> 21:47:51,080
signing each device an ip address
34506
21:47:53,280 --> 21:47:54,280
so
34507
21:47:54,320 --> 21:47:55,320
instead of just giving you
34508
21:47:56,400 --> 21:47:57,400
your social security number now you also
34509
21:47:58,480 --> 21:47:59,480
have
34510
21:47:59,360 --> 21:48:00,360
a physical address so
34511
21:48:02,720 --> 21:48:03,720
you might live someplace in the world
34512
21:48:04,400 --> 21:48:05,400
but unless i know the address where to
34513
21:48:05,920 --> 21:48:06,920
send that that piece of mail it's not
34514
21:48:08,000 --> 21:48:09,000
going to reach you
34515
21:48:09,920 --> 21:48:10,920
okay so let's talk about ip addresses
34516
21:48:12,640 --> 21:48:13,640
this is the unique assigned number of
34517
21:48:14,872 --> 21:48:15,872
your computer on the network
34518
21:48:16,720 --> 21:48:17,720
and it's divided into two parts this is
34519
21:48:19,680 --> 21:48:20,680
important just like a phone number if
34520
21:48:22,000 --> 21:48:23,000
i'm gonna dial a phone number the first
34521
21:48:23,440 --> 21:48:24,440
thing i need to do is determine where
34522
21:48:25,360 --> 21:48:26,360
the phone what where in the world the
34523
21:48:27,512 --> 21:48:28,512
phone number is gonna be sent
34524
21:48:29,680 --> 21:48:30,680
so there's the network portion which
34525
21:48:32,080 --> 21:48:33,080
tells the computer if we're using the
34526
21:48:34,320 --> 21:48:35,320
telephone analogy
34527
21:48:37,192 --> 21:48:38,192
which country
34528
21:48:39,280 --> 21:48:40,280
to go to
34529
21:48:42,080 --> 21:48:43,080
then the next one the host portion is
34530
21:48:44,640 --> 21:48:45,640
the individual number of the computer
34531
21:48:46,800 --> 21:48:47,800
this then tells it where in the country
34532
21:48:48,480 --> 21:48:49,480
to find the user
34533
21:48:50,720 --> 21:48:51,720
so if i'm dialing a phone number in the
34534
21:48:52,800 --> 21:48:53,800
united states the international code is
34535
21:48:54,552 --> 21:48:55,552
one
34536
21:48:55,440 --> 21:48:56,440
and then the phone system knows oh i'm
34537
21:48:57,680 --> 21:48:58,680
reaching out to someone in the united
34538
21:48:58,872 --> 21:48:59,872
states then you can dial the rest of the
34539
21:49:00,960 --> 21:49:01,960
phone number which reaches the
34540
21:49:03,192 --> 21:49:04,192
individual person in that country but
34541
21:49:05,512 --> 21:49:06,512
without
34542
21:49:06,552 --> 21:49:07,552
this universal international code it
34543
21:49:08,960 --> 21:49:09,960
can't it doesn't know where to send the
34544
21:49:10,720 --> 21:49:11,720
phone number
34545
21:49:12,720 --> 21:49:13,720
so there are two i versions of ip
34546
21:49:14,872 --> 21:49:15,872
addressing which you need to be familiar
34547
21:49:16,720 --> 21:49:17,720
ipv4 and ipv6 ipv4 i'm guessing is the
34548
21:49:19,600 --> 21:49:20,600
one you're more familiar with
34549
21:49:21,512 --> 21:49:22,512
ipv6 is rather new it's starting to come
34550
21:49:23,832 --> 21:49:24,832
of come big and we'll talk about that
34551
21:49:25,832 --> 21:49:26,832
and you need to know a couple things
34552
21:49:27,040 --> 21:49:28,040
about it for the test
34553
21:49:30,000 --> 21:49:31,000
so ipv4 consists of four octets which
34554
21:49:33,680 --> 21:49:34,680
are separated by dots and each of those
34555
21:49:36,000 --> 21:49:37,000
octets by the way it is a decimal number
34556
21:49:38,960 --> 21:49:39,960
okay so zero to nine and each octet's
34557
21:49:42,320 --> 21:49:43,320
value can be between 0 and 255.
34558
21:49:45,832 --> 21:49:46,832
so an example this would be 175.168.34.6
34559
21:49:53,040 --> 21:49:54,040
each octet contains 8 bits and
34560
21:49:56,080 --> 21:49:57,080
collectively the whole thing is 32 bits
34561
21:49:58,552 --> 21:49:59,552
i could explain why that is and i will
34562
21:50:00,320 --> 21:50:01,320
in network plus when we talk about
34563
21:50:01,760 --> 21:50:02,760
binary numbers
34564
21:50:03,760 --> 21:50:04,760
binary meaning instead of 10 options for
34565
21:50:05,760 --> 21:50:06,760
every space i only have two zero
34566
21:50:08,232 --> 21:50:09,232
and one
34567
21:50:09,512 --> 21:50:10,512
but each octet contains eight bits and
34568
21:50:11,512 --> 21:50:12,512
so collectively this entire number
34569
21:50:13,832 --> 21:50:14,832
is 32 bits big
34570
21:50:19,040 --> 21:50:20,040
there are approximately therefore 4
34571
21:50:21,120 --> 21:50:22,120
billion total theoretical addresses
34572
21:50:23,192 --> 21:50:24,192
which sounds like a lot but if you think
34573
21:50:25,040 --> 21:50:26,040
about it we have what seven to eight
34574
21:50:26,800 --> 21:50:27,800
billion people in the world
34575
21:50:28,552 --> 21:50:29,552
and if only a small fraction of those
34576
21:50:30,720 --> 21:50:31,720
let's say one million uh sorry one
34577
21:50:32,872 --> 21:50:33,872
billion perhaps are using computers then
34578
21:50:36,320 --> 21:50:37,320
we have to make sure all every one of
34579
21:50:38,080 --> 21:50:39,080
those people only has one ip address and
34580
21:50:39,832 --> 21:50:40,832
then what happens
34581
21:50:41,832 --> 21:50:42,832
with all of the
34582
21:50:43,360 --> 21:50:44,360
companies that have multiple so you can
34583
21:50:44,960 --> 21:50:45,960
see where we're having a problem hence
34584
21:50:46,720 --> 21:50:47,720
the reason we needed to have a new
34585
21:50:47,920 --> 21:50:48,920
version of ip addressing but there have
34586
21:50:49,600 --> 21:50:50,600
been
34587
21:50:51,280 --> 21:50:52,280
some things we've done to overcome this
34588
21:50:55,280 --> 21:50:56,280
so one of the things
34589
21:50:57,192 --> 21:50:58,192
is we've introduced as i mentioned ipv6
34590
21:51:01,600 --> 21:51:02,600
the other thing we've done is divided
34591
21:51:03,120 --> 21:51:04,120
these into what we call classes
34592
21:51:05,440 --> 21:51:06,440
a class determines based on the first
34593
21:51:08,160 --> 21:51:09,160
octet
34594
21:51:09,680 --> 21:51:10,680
so if i have a lot of you guys have this
34595
21:51:11,832 --> 21:51:12,832
one
34596
21:51:14,640 --> 21:51:15,640
okay you know that this is located in
34597
21:51:16,960 --> 21:51:17,960
class c
34598
21:51:18,480 --> 21:51:19,480
it then tells you
34599
21:51:20,080 --> 21:51:21,080
because of the class
34600
21:51:23,680 --> 21:51:24,680
where the network id and where the node
34601
21:51:26,640 --> 21:51:27,640
id separate and the subnet address the
34602
21:51:29,600 --> 21:51:30,600
subnet mask is going to help with this
34603
21:51:30,800 --> 21:51:31,800
too we'll talk about that in a second
34604
21:51:32,800 --> 21:51:33,800
so if i have a class a address i can
34605
21:51:35,760 --> 21:51:36,760
have up to 128 networks that's because i
34606
21:51:38,960 --> 21:51:39,960
only have
34607
21:51:40,960 --> 21:51:41,960
between one
34608
21:52:02,960 --> 21:52:03,960
that's because if we look right here i
34609
21:52:04,480 --> 21:52:05,480
have between 0 and 127 to add there
34610
21:52:08,232 --> 21:52:09,232
with class b and by the way the network
34611
21:52:11,192 --> 21:52:12,192
id would mean that this is that would
34612
21:52:13,760 --> 21:52:14,760
class a would mean this is the network
34613
21:52:15,120 --> 21:52:16,120
id
34614
21:52:16,320 --> 21:52:17,320
and the rest of this is the node id
34615
21:52:18,480 --> 21:52:19,480
i can have up to like six over 16
34616
21:52:21,120 --> 21:52:22,120
million
34617
21:52:22,480 --> 21:52:23,480
addresses on that on each of those
34618
21:52:24,720 --> 21:52:25,720
networks
34619
21:52:26,000 --> 21:52:27,000
if i start getting to
34620
21:52:27,832 --> 21:52:28,832
a class b
34621
21:52:30,552 --> 21:52:31,552
which might be
34622
21:52:31,720 --> 21:52:32,720
129 dot i don't know 50.2.14.
34623
21:52:38,640 --> 21:52:39,640
then
34624
21:52:39,832 --> 21:52:40,832
this is my network
34625
21:52:41,440 --> 21:52:42,440
and these are my nodes so i can have up
34626
21:52:43,512 --> 21:52:44,512
to 16 384
34627
21:52:46,400 --> 21:52:47,400
network ids
34628
21:52:48,232 --> 21:52:49,232
or networks
34629
21:52:49,512 --> 21:52:50,512
and on those networks i can have up to
34630
21:52:51,760 --> 21:52:52,760
65 536 addresses per network so this is
34631
21:52:55,512 --> 21:52:56,512
the amount of computers or devices i
34632
21:52:57,760 --> 21:52:58,760
could have
34633
21:52:59,280 --> 21:53:00,280
with a class c
34634
21:53:00,800 --> 21:53:01,800
we extend it even more
34635
21:53:03,512 --> 21:53:04,512
and by the way i
34636
21:53:05,040 --> 21:53:06,040
incorrectly wrote this one this wouldn't
34637
21:53:06,800 --> 21:53:07,800
192 would never have worked there
34638
21:53:09,440 --> 21:53:10,440
let me just erase everything to make
34639
21:53:10,800 --> 21:53:11,800
this easier
34640
21:53:12,000 --> 21:53:13,000
in this case
34641
21:53:16,552 --> 21:53:17,552
my network id
34642
21:53:18,552 --> 21:53:19,552
consists of this these three as a result
34643
21:53:21,120 --> 21:53:22,120
because i have more space for networks i
34644
21:53:23,040 --> 21:53:24,040
can have
34645
21:53:24,800 --> 21:53:25,800
over 2 million networks
34646
21:53:27,192 --> 21:53:28,192
however i only have the possibility of
34647
21:53:29,400 --> 21:53:30,400
256
34648
21:53:31,192 --> 21:53:32,192
nodes on that network so these are what
34649
21:53:33,120 --> 21:53:34,120
we call classes you want to memorize
34650
21:53:38,080 --> 21:53:39,080
this for the exam just memorize these
34651
21:53:40,960 --> 21:53:41,960
for the first octet
34652
21:53:42,800 --> 21:53:43,800
if the first octet comes in and it's
34653
21:53:45,600 --> 21:53:46,600
let's say 16 you know that's a class a
34654
21:53:48,720 --> 21:53:49,720
if it's between 128 191
34655
21:53:52,160 --> 21:53:53,160
then you know it's a class b etc etc
34656
21:53:58,872 --> 21:53:59,872
okay so let's talk about
34657
21:54:00,720 --> 21:54:01,720
these private addresses
34658
21:54:04,480 --> 21:54:05,480
addresses that are private
34659
21:54:08,080 --> 21:54:09,080
are not displayed directly on the
34660
21:54:10,000 --> 21:54:11,000
internet and they're not forwarded by
34661
21:54:11,680 --> 21:54:12,680
routers meaning that they stay only on a
34662
21:54:14,640 --> 21:54:15,640
local network
34663
21:54:16,000 --> 21:54:17,000
so when they reach a router the router
34664
21:54:17,760 --> 21:54:18,760
will say hey i'm actually not available
34665
21:54:20,480 --> 21:54:21,480
to
34666
21:54:21,512 --> 21:54:22,512
um
34667
21:54:23,040 --> 21:54:24,040
to forward this on
34668
21:54:25,512 --> 21:54:26,512
okay so these are used within a private
34669
21:54:27,832 --> 21:54:28,832
network that's because i can have then
34670
21:54:30,232 --> 21:54:31,232
ten thousand
34671
21:54:32,160 --> 21:54:33,160
twenty thousand fifty thousand nodes on
34672
21:54:34,800 --> 21:54:35,800
my network
34673
21:54:36,640 --> 21:54:37,640
but i don't have to deal with all of
34674
21:54:38,160 --> 21:54:39,160
those computers out on the world wide
34675
21:54:39,680 --> 21:54:40,680
web out on the internet instead what you
34676
21:54:41,512 --> 21:54:42,512
do is you use one ip address that all of
34677
21:54:44,640 --> 21:54:45,640
those internally share but inside of the
34678
21:54:46,872 --> 21:54:47,872
network they can all talk to each other
34679
21:54:48,800 --> 21:54:49,800
so this is what we call a private
34680
21:54:50,960 --> 21:54:51,960
network a gateway device then uses
34681
21:54:53,512 --> 21:54:54,512
something called network address
34682
21:54:54,872 --> 21:54:55,872
translation or nat something that is on
34683
21:54:57,360 --> 21:54:58,360
a soho router
34684
21:54:58,960 --> 21:54:59,960
to allow all nodes in the private
34685
21:55:00,872 --> 21:55:01,872
network to share one public ip address
34686
21:55:03,040 --> 21:55:04,040
that's one of the techniques we use to
34687
21:55:05,040 --> 21:55:06,040
get around the limit of ip addresses
34688
21:55:08,080 --> 21:55:09,080
there are three private ip address
34689
21:55:10,400 --> 21:55:11,400
ranges that you need to be aware of
34690
21:55:14,192 --> 21:55:15,192
10.0.0.0 through 10.255 to 255 to 255.
34691
21:55:18,000 --> 21:55:19,000
it's a class a so again this is the
34692
21:55:20,720 --> 21:55:21,720
network these are the nodes a lot of
34693
21:55:22,960 --> 21:55:23,960
people use these nowadays because look
34694
21:55:24,640 --> 21:55:25,640
at all the possibilities i have for
34695
21:55:26,160 --> 21:55:27,160
nodes
34696
21:55:27,680 --> 21:55:28,680
then there's a class b version
34697
21:55:30,320 --> 21:55:31,320
172.16.whatever
34698
21:55:34,160 --> 21:55:35,160
okay
34699
21:55:38,160 --> 21:55:39,160
by the way that's 172.16 through 172.31
34700
21:55:42,232 --> 21:55:43,232
that's a class b limiting it class b and
34701
21:55:45,040 --> 21:55:46,040
then finally the one you might all be
34702
21:55:46,480 --> 21:55:47,480
familiar with i'm just going to erase
34703
21:55:47,512 --> 21:55:48,512
all this 192.168.
34704
21:55:50,800 --> 21:55:51,800
okay and that is a class c
34705
21:55:53,192 --> 21:55:54,192
these are the private network ranges i
34706
21:55:55,040 --> 21:55:56,040
would memorize these for the test
34707
21:55:56,400 --> 21:55:57,400
they're going to ask you which of the
34708
21:55:57,120 --> 21:55:58,120
following is a private ip address
34709
21:56:04,872 --> 21:56:05,872
okay
34710
21:56:05,680 --> 21:56:06,680
now classes by themselves allow us to do
34711
21:56:07,920 --> 21:56:08,920
some stuff and they tell you
34712
21:56:10,960 --> 21:56:11,960
more or less where the network id and
34713
21:56:12,640 --> 21:56:13,640
the node id end but a subnet mask adds
34714
21:56:14,800 --> 21:56:15,800
another layer it allows us to sort of
34715
21:56:17,040 --> 21:56:18,040
subdivide out those ip addresses this is
34716
21:56:20,232 --> 21:56:21,232
getting very complicated and that's
34717
21:56:21,832 --> 21:56:22,832
because this is going to be covered a
34718
21:56:23,280 --> 21:56:24,280
lot more in depth on the network plus
34719
21:56:24,720 --> 21:56:25,720
exam but for a plus i'm just trying to
34720
21:56:26,800 --> 21:56:27,800
cover the terms that you need to know so
34721
21:56:28,320 --> 21:56:29,320
if a little this is going over your head
34722
21:56:29,512 --> 21:56:30,512
that's okay
34723
21:56:31,280 --> 21:56:32,280
this divides the network into two or
34724
21:56:33,440 --> 21:56:34,440
more networks
34725
21:56:34,800 --> 21:56:35,800
so basically if i have one ip address it
34726
21:56:37,440 --> 21:56:38,440
allows me by using an additional ip
34727
21:56:40,080 --> 21:56:41,080
address
34728
21:56:41,192 --> 21:56:42,192
to create two networks out of one ip
34729
21:56:43,360 --> 21:56:44,360
address it's a little confusing
34730
21:56:45,600 --> 21:56:46,600
and until we talk about the
34731
21:56:48,232 --> 21:56:49,232
math behind it i don't think it'll make
34732
21:56:50,160 --> 21:56:51,160
a lot of sense but just realize that a
34733
21:56:51,760 --> 21:56:52,760
subnet mask divides one network one ip
34734
21:56:54,232 --> 21:56:55,232
address into two separate networks okay
34735
21:56:57,040 --> 21:56:58,040
what it does is it divides or defines
34736
21:56:59,832 --> 21:57:00,832
the portion of the ip address which is
34737
21:57:01,120 --> 21:57:02,120
the network number and which is the
34738
21:57:02,720 --> 21:57:03,720
individual host number so whereas we
34739
21:57:05,360 --> 21:57:06,360
know
34740
21:57:06,720 --> 21:57:07,720
a
34741
21:57:09,080 --> 21:57:10,080
10.1.15.63 is a class a meaning that i
34742
21:57:12,400 --> 21:57:13,400
know that this is where things divide i
34743
21:57:14,960 --> 21:57:15,960
can actually divide this up even further
34744
21:57:17,040 --> 21:57:18,040
using subnetting
34745
21:57:19,512 --> 21:57:20,512
and then once i do that i need to
34746
21:57:21,920 --> 21:57:22,920
add a subnet address
34747
21:57:25,760 --> 21:57:26,760
to tell me
34748
21:57:28,640 --> 21:57:29,640
which part
34749
21:57:30,160 --> 21:57:31,160
belongs to the network and which part
34750
21:57:31,512 --> 21:57:32,512
belongs to the node this is just how i p
34751
21:57:33,192 --> 21:57:34,192
addresses have developed
34752
21:57:34,872 --> 21:57:35,872
when we get to ibv6 we've done away with
34753
21:57:36,720 --> 21:57:37,720
all this confusion
34754
21:57:39,280 --> 21:57:40,280
the defaults for each class of networks
34755
21:57:41,832 --> 21:57:42,832
are
34756
21:57:43,080 --> 21:57:44,080
255.0.0.0 for a class a
34757
21:57:45,360 --> 21:57:46,360
255.255
34758
21:57:47,360 --> 21:57:48,360
for class b and 255.255 to 255 for a
34759
21:57:50,400 --> 21:57:51,400
class c so you see by the way the
34760
21:57:54,552 --> 21:57:55,552
the classes recurring here
34761
21:57:56,800 --> 21:57:57,800
okay so again
34762
21:57:59,040 --> 21:58:00,040
a
34763
21:57:59,920 --> 21:58:00,920
only the first octet
34764
21:58:02,232 --> 21:58:03,232
b
34765
21:58:03,440 --> 21:58:04,440
two octets c
34766
21:58:05,760 --> 21:58:06,760
three octets
34767
21:58:10,080 --> 21:58:11,080
finally we have to talk about this thing
34768
21:58:11,120 --> 21:58:12,120
called the gateway address this is the
34769
21:58:13,120 --> 21:58:14,120
ip address of a host
34770
21:58:15,192 --> 21:58:16,192
that enables access to the internet and
34771
21:58:16,720 --> 21:58:17,720
other networks
34772
21:58:18,080 --> 21:58:19,080
so it's basically telling you or telling
34773
21:58:20,552 --> 21:58:21,552
the computer where can i go if i don't
34774
21:58:22,400 --> 21:58:23,400
know where to find a network well you
34775
21:58:23,920 --> 21:58:24,920
can go to the gateway address
34776
21:58:25,832 --> 21:58:26,832
the ip address of the gateway should
34777
21:58:27,512 --> 21:58:28,512
always be on the same network as the
34778
21:58:29,280 --> 21:58:30,280
computer connecting to it and if i take
34779
21:58:31,680 --> 21:58:32,680
you over to my windows 7 machine
34780
21:58:36,960 --> 21:58:37,960
we've already done this command you'll
34781
21:58:38,400 --> 21:58:39,400
see
34782
21:58:39,120 --> 21:58:40,120
the default gateway
34783
21:58:41,480 --> 21:58:42,480
10.0.0.1
34784
21:58:43,192 --> 21:58:44,192
and the ip address is 10.0.0.166.
34785
21:58:47,192 --> 21:58:48,192
so this computer is going to say hey i
34786
21:58:48,960 --> 21:58:49,960
don't know where to go to find this
34787
21:58:51,120 --> 21:58:52,120
person
34788
21:58:52,552 --> 21:58:53,552
i'm going to go to my gateway and
34789
21:58:54,232 --> 21:58:55,232
they're going to tell me
34790
21:58:58,552 --> 21:58:59,552
in most home and soho setups the soho
34791
21:59:01,680 --> 21:59:02,680
router is also the gateway address so
34792
21:59:03,760 --> 21:59:04,760
we've talked about the soho router
34793
21:59:05,760 --> 21:59:06,760
right it's not only offering dhcp
34794
21:59:08,552 --> 21:59:09,552
which i think we've discussed and we'll
34795
21:59:10,080 --> 21:59:11,080
discuss again
34796
21:59:11,920 --> 21:59:12,920
it's also a gateway
34797
21:59:15,120 --> 21:59:16,120
it's an access point
34798
21:59:17,832 --> 21:59:18,832
it's a router
34799
21:59:20,960 --> 21:59:21,960
it also provides that network address
34800
21:59:23,120 --> 21:59:24,120
translation we mentioned which allows
34801
21:59:25,440 --> 21:59:26,440
the sharing of one ip address to many uh
34802
21:59:29,512 --> 21:59:30,512
to many computers on a network and i
34803
21:59:32,480 --> 21:59:33,480
will discuss that a little more in depth
34804
21:59:35,280 --> 21:59:36,280
as well
34805
21:59:36,800 --> 21:59:37,800
finally we have the dns server the dns
34806
21:59:39,440 --> 21:59:40,440
stands for domain name system and we'll
34807
21:59:41,512 --> 21:59:42,512
talk about this again it translates
34808
21:59:43,360 --> 21:59:44,360
between an ip address and a domain name
34809
21:59:46,480 --> 21:59:47,480
in other words google.com to this number
34810
21:59:51,280 --> 21:59:52,280
that way i don't have to remember the
34811
21:59:53,760 --> 21:59:54,760
number i can just say hey
34812
21:59:57,192 --> 21:59:58,192
google.com and this it takes care of
34813
21:59:59,680 --> 22:00:00,680
everything for me
34814
22:00:01,680 --> 22:00:02,680
the dns server is the ip address of the
34815
22:00:04,000 --> 22:00:05,000
host that takes care of domain name
34816
22:00:05,760 --> 22:00:06,760
translation to ip and forwards that
34817
22:00:07,600 --> 22:00:08,600
information back to your computer
34818
22:00:09,600 --> 22:00:10,600
again
34819
22:00:11,512 --> 22:00:12,512
if we go over here
34820
22:00:13,120 --> 22:00:14,120
you see
34821
22:00:16,320 --> 22:00:17,320
dns server 10.0.0.1 it's the same as my
34822
22:00:18,960 --> 22:00:19,960
gateway in a soho setup that's generally
34823
22:00:21,760 --> 22:00:22,760
going to be the case
34824
22:00:26,480 --> 22:00:27,480
once your computer knows the ip address
34825
22:00:28,080 --> 22:00:29,080
of a website then it starts to transmit
34826
22:00:30,640 --> 22:00:31,640
uh and receive data
34827
22:00:32,720 --> 22:00:33,720
so it needs the dns server to tell it
34828
22:00:34,480 --> 22:00:35,480
what the ip address is so then it can do
34829
22:00:36,232 --> 22:00:37,232
the rest of its work
34830
22:00:39,512 --> 22:00:40,512
before i get into hosts file i just want
34831
22:00:41,280 --> 22:00:42,280
to talk about network address
34832
22:00:42,640 --> 22:00:43,640
translation which i feel i've been
34833
22:00:44,080 --> 22:00:45,080
remiss in explaining
34834
22:00:48,872 --> 22:00:49,872
i have a switch here
34835
22:00:52,400 --> 22:00:53,400
and i have let's say
34836
22:00:54,160 --> 22:00:55,160
six computers connected to it and we
34837
22:00:56,320 --> 22:00:57,320
will say this is a
34838
22:00:58,832 --> 22:00:59,832
10.0.0.x network
34839
22:01:01,040 --> 22:01:02,040
so this is
34840
22:01:02,192 --> 22:01:03,192
10.0.0.5
34841
22:01:04,000 --> 22:01:05,000
10
34842
22:01:05,280 --> 22:01:06,280
15
34843
22:01:06,552 --> 22:01:07,552
20
34844
22:01:07,760 --> 22:01:08,760
25
34845
22:01:09,512 --> 22:01:10,512
30.
34846
22:01:12,000 --> 22:01:13,000
then
34847
22:01:13,192 --> 22:01:14,192
this hooks up to a router
34848
22:01:21,440 --> 22:01:22,440
the router
34849
22:01:22,800 --> 22:01:23,800
let's say is 10.0.0.1
34850
22:01:27,040 --> 22:01:28,040
that's on the private end
34851
22:01:29,680 --> 22:01:30,680
publicly when it goes out to the
34852
22:01:31,120 --> 22:01:32,120
internet
34853
22:01:34,232 --> 22:01:35,232
it also has an ip address so that it can
34854
22:01:36,080 --> 22:01:37,080
talk to other devices on the internet
34855
22:01:37,512 --> 22:01:38,512
remember this is private
34856
22:01:39,280 --> 22:01:40,280
so the router is not going to send that
34857
22:01:40,720 --> 22:01:41,720
information out to the network that's
34858
22:01:42,400 --> 22:01:43,400
the internet because other people share
34859
22:01:44,232 --> 22:01:45,232
the same private ip address so it might
34860
22:01:46,480 --> 22:01:47,480
have
34861
22:01:48,480 --> 22:01:49,480
26.15.8.
34862
22:01:53,600 --> 22:01:54,600
remember this is a class a address
34863
22:01:56,720 --> 22:01:57,720
so what happens is it allows
34864
22:02:00,160 --> 22:02:01,160
all the computers in here network
34865
22:02:02,400 --> 22:02:03,400
address translation
34866
22:02:06,400 --> 22:02:07,400
allows all the computers
34867
22:02:08,320 --> 22:02:09,320
in the network using this private ip
34868
22:02:10,320 --> 22:02:11,320
address to share
34869
22:02:12,400 --> 22:02:13,400
a public ip address this is how
34870
22:02:15,280 --> 22:02:16,280
i p addressing has gotten away with all
34871
22:02:16,872 --> 22:02:17,872
the stuff it's gotten away with and
34872
22:02:18,232 --> 22:02:19,232
while it's still in use
34873
22:02:20,552 --> 22:02:21,552
a host file is similar to the dns but
34874
22:02:22,800 --> 22:02:23,800
it's located on your computer
34875
22:02:26,080 --> 22:02:27,080
so it has a listing of ip addresses
34876
22:02:30,320 --> 22:02:31,320
like google
34877
22:02:32,960 --> 22:02:33,960
and the names that they apply to so
34878
22:02:35,192 --> 22:02:36,192
whatever that was 775 etc etc etc
34879
22:02:38,960 --> 22:02:39,960
and it's just a list it's like a text
34880
22:02:40,400 --> 22:02:41,400
file
34881
22:02:41,512 --> 22:02:42,512
this is where it's located
34882
22:02:44,080 --> 22:02:45,080
always
34883
22:02:47,360 --> 22:02:48,360
and
34884
22:02:50,160 --> 22:02:51,160
if we go back into windows
34885
22:02:56,552 --> 22:02:57,552
and i go into c
34886
22:02:59,192 --> 22:03:00,192
windows
34887
22:03:07,600 --> 22:03:08,600
system 32
34888
22:03:10,552 --> 22:03:11,552
drivers
34889
22:03:11,760 --> 22:03:12,760
etc there's my host file
34890
22:03:15,192 --> 22:03:16,192
and if i open it
34891
22:03:16,800 --> 22:03:17,800
with notepad
34892
22:03:18,552 --> 22:03:19,552
you can see
34893
22:03:20,720 --> 22:03:21,720
here is the beginnings of the host file
34894
22:03:23,040 --> 22:03:24,040
now the reason the host file used to be
34895
22:03:24,232 --> 22:03:25,232
used
34896
22:03:25,920 --> 22:03:26,920
is
34897
22:03:26,640 --> 22:03:27,640
on dial-up network if i had to go to my
34898
22:03:28,400 --> 22:03:29,400
domain name service server my dns server
34899
22:03:32,080 --> 22:03:33,080
then i was having to go quite a long way
34900
22:03:34,640 --> 22:03:35,640
before i could get back and start
34901
22:03:37,280 --> 22:03:38,280
transmitting data so what it would do is
34902
22:03:39,040 --> 22:03:40,040
save some of the common
34903
22:03:41,440 --> 22:03:42,440
ip addresses to your computer so that
34904
22:03:44,080 --> 22:03:45,080
way you didn't have to go out to the dns
34905
22:03:46,000 --> 22:03:47,000
server
34906
22:03:47,040 --> 22:03:48,040
by the way if you want to have fun with
34907
22:03:48,320 --> 22:03:49,320
someone
34908
22:03:49,360 --> 22:03:50,360
go ahead and type in a different ip
34909
22:03:56,832 --> 22:03:57,832
address and save that
34910
22:03:59,760 --> 22:04:00,760
now when someone types in google.com
34911
22:04:02,000 --> 22:04:03,000
it'll go to this ip address which is
34912
22:04:03,832 --> 22:04:04,832
called the loopback address we'll talk
34913
22:04:05,280 --> 22:04:06,280
about instead of out to the network
34914
22:04:08,800 --> 22:04:09,800
i'm not going to save this
34915
22:04:14,480 --> 22:04:15,480
it's like a text file with domain names
34916
22:04:16,640 --> 22:04:17,640
and i p addresses so as you saw i opened
34917
22:04:18,232 --> 22:04:19,232
it up in notepad it is a text file
34918
22:04:21,120 --> 22:04:22,120
you can download a host file from the
34919
22:04:22,720 --> 22:04:23,720
internet by the way that will break the
34920
22:04:24,552 --> 22:04:25,552
dns for malicious sites so what it does
34921
22:04:26,960 --> 22:04:27,960
is just like i wrote google.com127
34922
22:04:29,120 --> 22:04:30,120
whatever it'll take
34923
22:04:30,800 --> 22:04:31,800
the
34924
22:04:33,120 --> 22:04:34,120
names of
34925
22:04:34,400 --> 22:04:35,400
malicious sites and it'll address them
34926
22:04:36,400 --> 22:04:37,400
to
34927
22:04:37,360 --> 22:04:38,360
ip addresses generally on your own
34928
22:04:39,040 --> 22:04:40,040
computer that way when a virus tries to
34929
22:04:42,080 --> 22:04:43,080
get out to the network to reach its
34930
22:04:43,600 --> 22:04:44,600
server it doesn't nothing happens and so
34931
22:04:46,000 --> 22:04:47,000
you can download a host file you could
34932
22:04:47,192 --> 22:04:48,192
install on your computer that would
34933
22:04:48,640 --> 22:04:49,640
actually do this for you
34934
22:04:51,192 --> 22:04:52,192
okay so we've talked about a lot so far
34935
22:04:53,192 --> 22:04:54,192
let's go ahead and review where we're at
34936
22:04:56,000 --> 22:04:57,000
first we talked about mac addresses
34937
22:04:58,000 --> 22:04:59,000
these are the physical addresses sort of
34938
22:05:00,720 --> 22:05:01,720
like
34939
22:05:01,440 --> 22:05:02,440
a name you were born with or given a
34940
22:05:03,760 --> 22:05:04,760
number that you could never change this
34941
22:05:06,080 --> 22:05:07,080
is hardwired onto the device and cannot
34942
22:05:08,400 --> 22:05:09,400
be changed it can be actually spoofed
34943
22:05:12,480 --> 22:05:13,480
just like anything in electronics which
34944
22:05:14,480 --> 22:05:15,480
means that you can pretend you have a
34945
22:05:16,000 --> 22:05:17,000
mac address that you don't actually have
34946
22:05:17,192 --> 22:05:18,192
but it cannot be changed
34947
22:05:18,960 --> 22:05:19,960
tcpip which allows for routing
34948
22:05:22,960 --> 22:05:23,960
over the internet it is the protocol
34949
22:05:24,872 --> 22:05:25,872
suite that actually allows this to occur
34950
22:05:29,512 --> 22:05:30,512
i p address which is the address that is
34951
22:05:32,800 --> 22:05:33,800
given
34952
22:05:35,192 --> 22:05:36,192
to every device okay
34953
22:05:37,760 --> 22:05:38,760
it is what allows tcpip to work and it
34954
22:05:40,800 --> 22:05:41,800
works by actually uh sort of
34955
22:05:42,872 --> 22:05:43,872
circumventing the physical address
34956
22:05:45,120 --> 22:05:46,120
still used in switches but it is used by
34957
22:05:47,680 --> 22:05:48,680
routers and so it allows the internet to
34958
22:05:49,600 --> 22:05:50,600
occur
34959
22:05:50,552 --> 22:05:51,552
then we talked about ipv4
34960
22:05:52,872 --> 22:05:53,872
which is a 32-bit ip address
34961
22:05:56,640 --> 22:05:57,640
address
34962
22:05:57,680 --> 22:05:58,680
right broken up into
34963
22:06:00,872 --> 22:06:01,872
four sections each section
34964
22:06:03,680 --> 22:06:04,680
0 to 255.
34965
22:06:06,080 --> 22:06:07,080
then we talked about the classes
34966
22:06:07,920 --> 22:06:08,920
remember class a
34967
22:06:10,800 --> 22:06:11,800
b
34968
22:06:12,160 --> 22:06:13,160
and c
34969
22:06:13,192 --> 22:06:14,192
and you need to remember that table that
34970
22:06:14,640 --> 22:06:15,640
i showed you on the previous page
34971
22:06:16,960 --> 22:06:17,960
private versus public ip addresses
34972
22:06:19,360 --> 22:06:20,360
remember those 192.168.
34973
22:06:24,000 --> 22:06:25,000
the tens
34974
22:06:28,000 --> 22:06:29,000
and those
34975
22:06:29,232 --> 22:06:30,232
172.16 through i think it was 35.
34976
22:06:33,680 --> 22:06:34,680
we talked about the subnet mask
34977
22:06:36,232 --> 22:06:37,232
which divides
34978
22:06:41,360 --> 22:06:42,360
the network and the node id
34979
22:06:44,160 --> 22:06:45,160
the gateway address
34980
22:06:47,120 --> 22:06:48,120
which is
34981
22:06:49,512 --> 22:06:50,512
where the computer first looks
34982
22:06:54,800 --> 22:06:55,800
dns or the domain name service
34983
22:06:59,040 --> 22:07:00,040
which
34984
22:07:04,232 --> 22:07:05,232
translates
34985
22:07:05,440 --> 22:07:06,440
names
34986
22:07:07,280 --> 22:07:08,280
to ip address and there's a server
34987
22:07:09,680 --> 22:07:10,680
and then the hosts file
34988
22:07:11,680 --> 22:07:12,680
which is a local similar to a local dns
34989
22:07:15,832 --> 22:07:16,832
all right so now let's talk about ipv6
34990
22:07:21,040 --> 22:07:22,040
ipv version 6 is assigned was designed
34991
22:07:23,920 --> 22:07:24,920
rather to meet the inadequacies that
34992
22:07:25,920 --> 22:07:26,920
were there in ipv4
34993
22:07:28,720 --> 22:07:29,720
it's 128 bits long instead of 32 bits
34994
22:07:32,480 --> 22:07:33,480
long that's four times the size so as
34995
22:07:35,440 --> 22:07:36,440
opposed to 4 billion addresses possible
34996
22:07:38,080 --> 22:07:39,080
we have 340 undecillion
34997
22:07:41,832 --> 22:07:42,832
i don't even know how to write that
34998
22:07:43,360 --> 22:07:44,360
number out it's so big
34999
22:07:45,040 --> 22:07:46,040
so we're hoping that ipv6 will never
35000
22:07:47,920 --> 22:07:48,920
fail us
35001
22:07:49,280 --> 22:07:50,280
at least in
35002
22:07:50,480 --> 22:07:51,480
our lifetimes we won't have to worry
35003
22:07:52,400 --> 22:07:53,400
about what happens when we run out of ip
35004
22:07:54,232 --> 22:07:55,232
addresses
35005
22:07:56,000 --> 22:07:57,000
it also has something called ipsec or ip
35006
22:07:58,720 --> 22:07:59,720
security built into it which makes for
35007
22:08:01,760 --> 22:08:02,760
more secure communication and it allows
35008
22:08:04,720 --> 22:08:05,720
packets to be larger these are called
35009
22:08:07,160 --> 22:08:08,160
jumbograms we usually talk about packets
35010
22:08:09,832 --> 22:08:10,832
which are this how data is broken up to
35011
22:08:11,920 --> 22:08:12,920
be sent over the internet and its
35012
22:08:13,832 --> 22:08:14,832
jumbograms
35013
22:08:15,360 --> 22:08:16,360
is a larger
35014
22:08:16,872 --> 22:08:17,872
packet size
35015
22:08:19,040 --> 22:08:20,040
it is comprised of what i call eight
35016
22:08:21,120 --> 22:08:22,120
hextets which are each
35017
22:08:23,440 --> 22:08:24,440
comprised of four
35018
22:08:25,512 --> 22:08:26,512
hexadecimal numbers
35019
22:08:27,280 --> 22:08:28,280
so it might look something like this
35020
22:08:30,800 --> 22:08:31,800
each hexed at one
35021
22:08:33,120 --> 22:08:34,120
two
35022
22:08:34,160 --> 22:08:35,160
three
35023
22:08:35,280 --> 22:08:36,280
four
35024
22:08:36,800 --> 22:08:37,800
five six
35025
22:08:39,440 --> 22:08:40,440
seven
35026
22:08:41,360 --> 22:08:42,360
eight
35027
22:08:42,320 --> 22:08:43,320
and each one
35028
22:08:44,400 --> 22:08:45,400
has four numbers
35029
22:08:47,120 --> 22:08:48,120
and each
35030
22:08:48,232 --> 22:08:49,232
spot
35031
22:08:50,800 --> 22:08:51,800
can have up to 16 different choices
35032
22:08:55,680 --> 22:08:56,680
the first four and here's one major
35033
22:08:58,000 --> 22:08:59,000
difference between ipv4 and ipv6
35034
22:09:01,120 --> 22:09:02,120
always there's no classes in ipv6 so
35035
22:09:04,232 --> 22:09:05,232
always
35036
22:09:05,440 --> 22:09:06,440
these first four are always the network
35037
22:09:08,000 --> 22:09:09,000
id
35038
22:09:08,872 --> 22:09:09,872
and these last four
35039
22:09:10,960 --> 22:09:11,960
are always the node id whereas in ip
35040
22:09:13,440 --> 22:09:14,440
addresses for version four we had to use
35041
22:09:16,080 --> 22:09:17,080
classes and subnet masks to determine
35042
22:09:18,872 --> 22:09:19,872
where the node ended in the network
35043
22:09:20,800 --> 22:09:21,800
began
35044
22:09:23,120 --> 22:09:24,120
so there's no need for an additional
35045
22:09:24,720 --> 22:09:25,720
subnet mask this simplifies things in
35046
22:09:26,960 --> 22:09:27,960
some ways even though it looks like a
35047
22:09:28,232 --> 22:09:29,232
more complicated number
35048
22:09:30,720 --> 22:09:31,720
now writing out that number can get a
35049
22:09:32,160 --> 22:09:33,160
little tricky and this is what the most
35050
22:09:33,920 --> 22:09:34,920
important thing is about ipv6 for the
35051
22:09:36,000 --> 22:09:37,000
exam
35052
22:09:37,280 --> 22:09:38,280
full addresses
35053
22:09:39,440 --> 22:09:40,440
like the one we just saw can be
35054
22:09:40,720 --> 22:09:41,720
truncated using true rules truncated
35055
22:09:42,552 --> 22:09:43,552
means made shorter
35056
22:09:44,640 --> 22:09:45,640
the first is you can relieve any leading
35057
22:09:47,040 --> 22:09:48,040
zeros and four zeros in a row become one
35058
22:09:49,512 --> 22:09:50,512
single zero
35059
22:09:51,760 --> 22:09:52,760
so
35060
22:09:53,192 --> 22:09:54,192
the next rule is that one consecutive
35061
22:09:55,360 --> 22:09:56,360
group of zeros only one
35062
22:09:58,232 --> 22:09:59,232
become a double colon
35063
22:10:01,040 --> 22:10:02,040
so this can only be done once
35064
22:10:03,192 --> 22:10:04,192
and that's because i'll show you in a
35065
22:10:05,040 --> 22:10:06,040
minute but it's because when i'm
35066
22:10:07,040 --> 22:10:08,040
rebuilding the iphone i won't know uh
35067
22:10:09,512 --> 22:10:10,512
which is the network and which is the
35068
22:10:10,720 --> 22:10:11,720
node
35069
22:10:11,680 --> 22:10:12,680
so let's look at this one for example
35070
22:10:13,920 --> 22:10:14,920
we
35071
22:10:14,832 --> 22:10:15,832
have our network note id and our node id
35072
22:10:20,552 --> 22:10:21,552
if we take the first rule remove leading
35073
22:10:23,192 --> 22:10:24,192
zeros
35074
22:10:25,440 --> 22:10:26,440
this is what we get
35075
22:10:26,960 --> 22:10:27,960
because all of these zeros can be
35076
22:10:28,960 --> 22:10:29,960
removed and we're just left with zero
35077
22:10:30,872 --> 22:10:31,872
all of these zeros can be removed to be
35078
22:10:32,552 --> 22:10:33,552
left with eighty-one
35079
22:10:34,000 --> 22:10:35,000
all of these zeros can be removed so
35080
22:10:36,000 --> 22:10:37,000
then zero
35081
22:10:37,360 --> 22:10:38,360
etc
35082
22:10:38,552 --> 22:10:39,552
and so on
35083
22:10:40,480 --> 22:10:41,480
now remember the second rule
35084
22:10:42,800 --> 22:10:43,800
one consecutive group of zeros becomes a
35085
22:10:44,872 --> 22:10:45,872
double colon
35086
22:10:47,600 --> 22:10:48,600
so where are my consecutive zeros
35087
22:10:51,680 --> 22:10:52,680
right here
35088
22:10:52,800 --> 22:10:53,800
and if i
35089
22:10:54,400 --> 22:10:55,400
if i uh
35090
22:10:56,720 --> 22:10:57,720
truncate those consecutive groups of
35091
22:10:58,232 --> 22:10:59,232
zeros to a double colon
35092
22:11:00,552 --> 22:11:01,552
this is what i get
35093
22:11:02,872 --> 22:11:03,872
so now instead of writing out this whole
35094
22:11:05,280 --> 22:11:06,280
thing let me erase all this you can see
35095
22:11:06,720 --> 22:11:07,720
the difference
35096
22:11:08,960 --> 22:11:09,960
i can write it out like this
35097
22:11:11,192 --> 22:11:12,192
now let's say
35098
22:11:13,360 --> 22:11:14,360
just for the sake of argument
35099
22:11:15,512 --> 22:11:16,512
that
35100
22:11:16,400 --> 22:11:17,400
right here this these are all zeros um
35101
22:11:19,600 --> 22:11:20,600
no let's actually say that for the sake
35102
22:11:21,760 --> 22:11:22,760
of argument this one is all zeros so i'm
35103
22:11:24,872 --> 22:11:25,872
just going to write this out here
35104
22:11:28,160 --> 22:11:29,160
fe 80
35105
22:11:31,920 --> 22:11:32,920
0 because we can truncate right 0
35106
22:11:36,080 --> 22:11:37,080
0 i'm sorry we don't have to write the 0
35107
22:11:38,480 --> 22:11:39,480
down 8 1
35108
22:11:42,552 --> 22:11:43,552
1 a 1 0.
35109
22:11:44,960 --> 22:11:45,960
now because we could
35110
22:11:48,400 --> 22:11:49,400
truncate
35111
22:11:49,512 --> 22:11:50,512
consecutive zeros to a double colon we
35112
22:11:52,320 --> 22:11:53,320
have another set of zeros here
35113
22:11:55,832 --> 22:11:56,832
now here's the reason we can't truncate
35114
22:11:58,000 --> 22:11:59,000
them both
35115
22:12:10,800 --> 22:12:11,800
i know i'm missing because i have one
35116
22:12:13,040 --> 22:12:14,040
two three i know i'm missing five sets
35117
22:12:15,360 --> 22:12:16,360
of zeros
35118
22:12:16,872 --> 22:12:17,872
so do i put two sets here and three here
35119
22:12:20,000 --> 22:12:21,000
or do i put three here and two there you
35120
22:12:22,552 --> 22:12:23,552
see if i allow two of these to be
35121
22:12:25,512 --> 22:12:26,512
joined then i don't know how to rebuild
35122
22:12:27,512 --> 22:12:28,512
this back to this so i i'm only allowed
35123
22:12:30,320 --> 22:12:31,320
to do this once that's the reason for
35124
22:12:31,832 --> 22:12:32,832
this either way remember this rule
35125
22:12:34,480 --> 22:12:35,480
because this is going to pop up in the
35126
22:12:35,680 --> 22:12:36,680
exam both of these again
35127
22:12:37,680 --> 22:12:38,680
you can remove leading zeros
35128
22:12:42,000 --> 22:12:43,000
and any zeros just become a single zero
35129
22:12:45,120 --> 22:12:46,120
and you can truncate consecutive zeros
35130
22:12:48,232 --> 22:12:49,232
into a double colon
35131
22:12:54,000 --> 22:12:55,000
now in either case whether you're using
35132
22:12:55,600 --> 22:12:56,600
ipv6 or ipv4
35133
22:12:58,232 --> 22:12:59,232
dynamic ip addressing means the ip
35134
22:13:00,960 --> 22:13:01,960
address and the subnet
35135
22:13:02,960 --> 22:13:03,960
and the gateway and the dns server are
35136
22:13:06,160 --> 22:13:07,160
assigned automatically by what's called
35137
22:13:07,920 --> 22:13:08,920
a dhcp server
35138
22:13:10,080 --> 22:13:11,080
so your computer wakes up and it says
35139
22:13:11,832 --> 22:13:12,832
hey i need an ip address
35140
22:13:14,000 --> 22:13:15,000
and a dhcp server on the network says oh
35141
22:13:16,720 --> 22:13:17,720
no problem i got you covered
35142
22:13:18,720 --> 22:13:19,720
and it assigns an ip address to the
35143
22:13:21,192 --> 22:13:22,192
computer
35144
22:13:22,960 --> 22:13:23,960
now this is different this is called
35145
22:13:24,232 --> 22:13:25,232
dynamic addressing and the reason it's
35146
22:13:26,552 --> 22:13:27,552
dynamic is the ip address can change
35147
22:13:28,552 --> 22:13:29,552
depending on when it boots up onto the
35148
22:13:30,232 --> 22:13:31,232
network and it requires a lot less work
35149
22:13:33,040 --> 22:13:34,040
this is what we generally want because i
35150
22:13:35,512 --> 22:13:36,512
don't have to configure the computer in
35151
22:13:37,360 --> 22:13:38,360
any specific way i can just boot it up
35152
22:13:39,120 --> 22:13:40,120
and it's ready to go
35153
22:13:41,040 --> 22:13:42,040
many soho routers have a dhcp server
35154
22:13:44,080 --> 22:13:45,080
built in so again another thing this
35155
22:13:46,160 --> 22:13:47,160
soho router does it's a network address
35156
22:13:48,080 --> 22:13:49,080
translation it does dhcp it does routing
35157
22:13:51,120 --> 22:13:52,120
it does all this cool stuff that's why
35158
22:13:52,640 --> 22:13:53,640
those are such neat devices
35159
22:13:54,800 --> 22:13:55,800
this is common for most clients so in
35160
22:13:57,040 --> 22:13:58,040
most situations you're going to want to
35161
22:13:58,720 --> 22:13:59,720
do dynamic ip addressing which means
35162
22:14:01,512 --> 22:14:02,512
using a dhcp server
35163
22:14:04,160 --> 22:14:05,160
static ip addressing on the other hand
35164
22:14:06,000 --> 22:14:07,000
has to be manually assigned by an
35165
22:14:08,400 --> 22:14:09,400
administrator
35166
22:14:10,640 --> 22:14:11,640
the reason you might want to do this
35167
22:14:12,872 --> 22:14:13,872
is if you have a server or printer or
35168
22:14:14,960 --> 22:14:15,960
some device like your router or your
35169
22:14:16,800 --> 22:14:17,800
gateway that you need to know where it
35170
22:14:18,640 --> 22:14:19,640
is at all times i can't risk
35171
22:14:21,600 --> 22:14:22,600
waking up the computer and having it be
35172
22:14:23,280 --> 22:14:24,280
given an ip address that i can't find
35173
22:14:25,832 --> 22:14:26,832
like google's website we always want to
35174
22:14:27,512 --> 22:14:28,512
make sure it's the same spot it's always
35175
22:14:29,680 --> 22:14:30,680
the same place we can't afford to have
35176
22:14:31,600 --> 22:14:32,600
it move around
35177
22:14:33,920 --> 22:14:34,920
so in this case
35178
22:14:35,512 --> 22:14:36,512
let's say i'm running dhcp
35179
22:14:37,920 --> 22:14:38,920
and i'm getting a dynamic ip address and
35180
22:14:39,512 --> 22:14:40,512
i wake up my computer and it goes in the
35181
22:14:40,800 --> 22:14:41,800
network and it can't find an ip address
35182
22:14:43,440 --> 22:14:44,440
well then we have to deal with what's
35183
22:14:45,120 --> 22:14:46,120
something called the automatic private
35184
22:14:46,960 --> 22:14:47,960
ip addressing or a pipa
35185
22:14:49,120 --> 22:14:50,120
this is if the computer or the node the
35186
22:14:51,040 --> 22:14:52,040
printer whatever it is cannot find a
35187
22:14:52,640 --> 22:14:53,640
dhcp server to give it an ip address it
35188
22:14:55,120 --> 22:14:56,120
will assign itself its own ip address
35189
22:14:57,440 --> 22:14:58,440
and this is called an ipa address it
35190
22:15:00,000 --> 22:15:01,000
will always and a pipa address will
35191
22:15:01,832 --> 22:15:02,832
always be
35192
22:15:02,960 --> 22:15:03,960
this okay it'll always be
35193
22:15:05,080 --> 22:15:06,080
169.254. something that's something
35194
22:15:08,720 --> 22:15:09,720
in this case if you get an apipa address
35195
22:15:11,360 --> 22:15:12,360
it means the network is not working the
35196
22:15:14,640 --> 22:15:15,640
computer cannot reach a dhcp server
35197
22:15:17,512 --> 22:15:18,512
therefore something is wrong
35198
22:15:20,960 --> 22:15:21,960
in other words um it doesn't have a real
35199
22:15:23,440 --> 22:15:24,440
ip address that will be allowed to
35200
22:15:25,280 --> 22:15:26,280
access network service services so it'll
35201
22:15:27,920 --> 22:15:28,920
give itself its own ip address but it's
35202
22:15:29,680 --> 22:15:30,680
not actually able to do anything with
35203
22:15:30,872 --> 22:15:31,872
that ip address
35204
22:15:32,480 --> 22:15:33,480
in this case if you're getting an ip
35205
22:15:34,000 --> 22:15:35,000
address
35206
22:15:36,080 --> 22:15:37,080
then you want to check connections
35207
22:15:37,680 --> 22:15:38,680
adapter your driver your dhcp server you
35208
22:15:39,512 --> 22:15:40,512
need to check everything because for
35209
22:15:41,192 --> 22:15:42,192
some reason the computer's not reaching
35210
22:15:42,872 --> 22:15:43,872
out to that dhcp server or in your soho
35211
22:15:45,280 --> 22:15:46,280
router it's not uh if you have a small
35212
22:15:47,760 --> 22:15:48,760
office home office it's not reaching the
35213
22:15:49,440 --> 22:15:50,440
router okay and so it's not actually
35214
22:15:51,680 --> 22:15:52,680
getting out to the network at all it's
35215
22:15:53,280 --> 22:15:54,280
not working
35216
22:15:55,192 --> 22:15:56,192
the network is in effect down it's
35217
22:15:57,680 --> 22:15:58,680
broken
35218
22:16:00,320 --> 22:16:01,320
in ipv6
35219
22:16:04,080 --> 22:16:05,080
this is the apipa address
35220
22:16:06,552 --> 22:16:07,552
it's
35221
22:16:07,320 --> 22:16:08,320
fe80
35222
22:16:08,960 --> 22:16:09,960
and then all
35223
22:16:10,232 --> 22:16:11,232
leadings the followings after that are
35224
22:16:12,080 --> 22:16:13,080
all zeros you don't need to know this
35225
22:16:13,832 --> 22:16:14,832
for the test i'm just mentioning it so
35226
22:16:15,040 --> 22:16:16,040
you know that there is an ipv6
35227
22:16:18,080 --> 22:16:19,080
address and this is what it is
35228
22:16:21,920 --> 22:16:22,920
finally i want to talk about this thing
35229
22:16:23,040 --> 22:16:24,040
called the local host
35230
22:16:24,960 --> 22:16:25,960
in ipv version 4 the local host ip
35231
22:16:28,720 --> 22:16:29,720
address is called 127.0.0.1
35232
22:16:31,440 --> 22:16:32,440
this is
35233
22:16:32,800 --> 22:16:33,800
the node on which you're currently
35234
22:16:34,000 --> 22:16:35,000
working in other words if i ping or i
35235
22:16:36,800 --> 22:16:37,800
sent out or i looked for this ip address
35236
22:16:38,720 --> 22:16:39,720
on the network it's going to be me it's
35237
22:16:40,480 --> 22:16:41,480
always me if i'm on a computer and i
35238
22:16:42,872 --> 22:16:43,872
look for this ip address it's always
35239
22:16:44,720 --> 22:16:45,720
going to find me
35240
22:16:46,160 --> 22:16:47,160
okay
35241
22:16:47,120 --> 22:16:48,120
in ipv version 6 this is something
35242
22:16:49,600 --> 22:16:50,600
different but this is used for like
35243
22:16:50,872 --> 22:16:51,872
loopback tasks tests i want to make sure
35244
22:16:52,800 --> 22:16:53,800
tcp is working properly so what i can do
35245
22:16:56,080 --> 22:16:57,080
is ping
35246
22:16:57,192 --> 22:16:58,192
which is a feature we'll look at in one
35247
22:16:58,960 --> 22:16:59,960
of the later videos i can look for this
35248
22:17:01,600 --> 22:17:02,600
ip address and if it comes back
35249
22:17:02,872 --> 22:17:03,872
correctly then i know tcpip is working
35250
22:17:04,872 --> 22:17:05,872
on my computer correctly
35251
22:17:07,192 --> 22:17:08,192
in ipv6 by the way
35252
22:17:09,512 --> 22:17:10,512
it's this right or
35253
22:17:12,480 --> 22:17:13,480
written shortly that
35254
22:17:14,080 --> 22:17:15,080
so it's just one all the way at the end
35255
22:17:18,552 --> 22:17:19,552
all right let's talk about tcp
35256
22:17:20,080 --> 22:17:21,080
configuration briefly
35257
22:17:22,232 --> 22:17:23,232
to get to tcpip configuration windows 7
35258
22:17:25,280 --> 22:17:26,280
you want to go to the control panel
35259
22:17:26,872 --> 22:17:27,872
networking internet and the network and
35260
22:17:28,960 --> 22:17:29,960
sharing center you'll see something
35261
22:17:31,280 --> 22:17:32,280
you'll right-click on your network
35262
22:17:33,120 --> 22:17:34,120
connection
35263
22:17:34,400 --> 22:17:35,400
you go to properties and you're brought
35264
22:17:36,080 --> 22:17:37,080
to this box right here
35265
22:17:38,000 --> 22:17:39,000
then you can see right down here
35266
22:17:40,080 --> 22:17:41,080
you have internet protocol version 6 and
35267
22:17:42,400 --> 22:17:43,400
internet protocol version 4 ipv4 ipv6
35268
22:17:46,552 --> 22:17:47,552
you can select the
35269
22:17:48,320 --> 22:17:49,320
change adapter setting link
35270
22:17:51,120 --> 22:17:52,120
which is also
35271
22:17:53,440 --> 22:17:54,440
in the network sharing if you don't want
35272
22:17:54,800 --> 22:17:55,800
to right click go to properties there's
35273
22:17:56,000 --> 22:17:57,000
another button change adapter settings
35274
22:17:58,400 --> 22:17:59,400
and windows vista this is called manage
35275
22:18:00,160 --> 22:18:01,160
my network connections link
35276
22:18:02,160 --> 22:18:03,160
and then you right click on the local
35277
22:18:03,760 --> 22:18:04,760
area connection icon select properties
35278
22:18:06,232 --> 22:18:07,232
and here you are
35279
22:18:08,000 --> 22:18:09,000
okay let me show you what that looks
35280
22:18:09,760 --> 22:18:10,760
like since i have a feeling that was a
35281
22:18:11,040 --> 22:18:12,040
little confusing
35282
22:18:14,640 --> 22:18:15,640
all right so here i am on my computer
35283
22:18:17,832 --> 22:18:18,832
i'm going to go to the control panel
35284
22:18:21,040 --> 22:18:22,040
network and sharing center
35285
22:18:23,832 --> 22:18:24,832
change advanced sorry change adapter
35286
22:18:26,400 --> 22:18:27,400
settings now i'm here both my adapters i
35287
22:18:28,552 --> 22:18:29,552
have a bluetooth adapter and a local
35288
22:18:29,920 --> 22:18:30,920
area network connection i can right
35289
22:18:31,680 --> 22:18:32,680
click go to properties
35290
22:18:34,552 --> 22:18:35,552
and now
35291
22:18:36,000 --> 22:18:37,000
i can start to assign
35292
22:18:38,160 --> 22:18:39,160
figure out the properties for ip
35293
22:18:39,680 --> 22:18:40,680
addressing
35294
22:18:40,800 --> 22:18:41,800
notice here it said obtain ip address
35295
22:18:42,552 --> 22:18:43,552
automatically from a dhcp server obtain
35296
22:18:44,640 --> 22:18:45,640
a dns server automatically okay if i
35297
22:18:47,360 --> 22:18:48,360
wanted to do a static ip address i would
35298
22:18:49,280 --> 22:18:50,280
tell it what it's using
35299
22:18:55,512 --> 22:18:56,512
in xp it's it's similar i'm just going
35300
22:18:57,832 --> 22:18:58,832
to go through this you go to network and
35301
22:18:59,680 --> 22:19:00,680
internet connections then you're
35302
22:19:01,760 --> 22:19:02,760
automatically on the network connections
35303
22:19:03,512 --> 22:19:04,512
panel you right click on the local area
35304
22:19:05,600 --> 22:19:06,600
connection or whichever one it is and
35305
22:19:07,192 --> 22:19:08,192
you go to properties it's basically the
35306
22:19:08,720 --> 22:19:09,720
same thing i just wanted to outline this
35307
22:19:10,480 --> 22:19:11,480
here the biggest difference
35308
22:19:13,040 --> 22:19:14,040
really
35309
22:19:14,000 --> 22:19:15,000
is this right here okay
35310
22:19:19,040 --> 22:19:20,040
and again you're gonna see the same
35311
22:19:20,480 --> 22:19:21,480
internet protocol version four you will
35312
22:19:22,552 --> 22:19:23,552
not see in our ipv6 in windows xp
35313
22:19:26,960 --> 22:19:27,960
so you hit properties and you're there
35314
22:19:28,552 --> 22:19:29,552
same way as we just saw
35315
22:19:31,120 --> 22:19:32,120
once we're in the tcp configuration
35316
22:19:32,960 --> 22:19:33,960
which i just showed you
35317
22:19:34,872 --> 22:19:35,872
you want to note this box right here
35318
22:19:37,680 --> 22:19:38,680
validate settings upon exit if i set
35319
22:19:40,552 --> 22:19:41,552
static ip addresses then checking this
35320
22:19:42,872 --> 22:19:43,872
box will make sure that they're working
35321
22:19:44,872 --> 22:19:45,872
when i close out of this window
35322
22:19:47,760 --> 22:19:48,760
okay
35323
22:19:48,640 --> 22:19:49,640
because obviously it's not getting its
35324
22:19:50,160 --> 22:19:51,160
information from another server you're
35325
22:19:51,832 --> 22:19:52,832
putting it in so you need to make sure
35326
22:19:52,960 --> 22:19:53,960
it's working properly
35327
22:19:54,640 --> 22:19:55,640
if the ip properties dialog box is set
35328
22:19:56,872 --> 22:19:57,872
to obtain an ip address automatically
35329
22:20:00,080 --> 22:20:01,080
you'll also have this alternate
35330
22:20:01,760 --> 22:20:02,760
configuration tab which allow you to set
35331
22:20:03,832 --> 22:20:04,832
up a second ip configuration for
35332
22:20:05,760 --> 22:20:06,760
instance if you work from home and you
35333
22:20:08,160 --> 22:20:09,160
work at an office that'll let you have
35334
22:20:10,080 --> 22:20:11,080
two different settings and if we go over
35335
22:20:11,512 --> 22:20:12,512
to windows 7 real quickly and again here
35336
22:20:13,680 --> 22:20:14,680
i am properties
35337
22:20:15,280 --> 22:20:16,280
and go to alternate configuration here
35338
22:20:17,360 --> 22:20:18,360
it's telling me automatic
35339
22:20:19,760 --> 22:20:20,760
although i can configure it as well
35340
22:20:27,040 --> 22:20:28,040
okay
35341
22:20:28,232 --> 22:20:29,232
so now we've talked about ipv6 we looked
35342
22:20:31,280 --> 22:20:32,280
at the truncation rules
35343
22:20:33,120 --> 22:20:34,120
dynamic versus static ips apipa or
35344
22:20:35,920 --> 22:20:36,920
self-assigned
35345
22:20:37,360 --> 22:20:38,360
addressing
35346
22:20:38,480 --> 22:20:39,480
local host id ip addresses and we looked
35347
22:20:41,680 --> 22:20:42,680
at windows configuration let's go over
35348
22:20:42,960 --> 22:20:43,960
all this again first we have the mac
35349
22:20:44,640 --> 22:20:45,640
address this is the physical address
35350
22:20:46,640 --> 22:20:47,640
hardwired onto the computer
35351
22:20:48,552 --> 22:20:49,552
tcp which allows routing it allows the
35352
22:20:52,400 --> 22:20:53,400
internet
35353
22:20:55,280 --> 22:20:56,280
the ip address
35354
22:20:57,600 --> 22:20:58,600
which is a unique
35355
22:21:02,640 --> 22:21:03,640
network id
35356
22:21:04,000 --> 22:21:05,000
it's assigned
35357
22:21:07,600 --> 22:21:08,600
okay either by the administrator or by a
35358
22:21:10,480 --> 22:21:11,480
dhcp server
35359
22:21:11,960 --> 22:21:12,960
ipv4
35360
22:21:13,512 --> 22:21:14,512
has four
35361
22:21:16,320 --> 22:21:17,320
octets
35362
22:21:18,400 --> 22:21:19,400
of 0 to 255 each
35363
22:21:22,320 --> 22:21:23,320
then we looked at classes the class a
35364
22:21:25,360 --> 22:21:26,360
b
35365
22:21:26,160 --> 22:21:27,160
and c remember that table we looked at
35366
22:21:28,800 --> 22:21:29,800
pri which you need to memorize memorize
35367
22:21:30,320 --> 22:21:31,320
these classes we'll get at least one
35368
22:21:31,920 --> 22:21:32,920
question on the test about it private
35369
22:21:33,440 --> 22:21:34,440
versus public there are three sets of
35370
22:21:35,120 --> 22:21:36,120
private ip addresses that will not work
35371
22:21:37,120 --> 22:21:38,120
on the internet those are those 10
35372
22:21:40,400 --> 22:21:41,400
dot x that exit x 172.16.x.x
35373
22:21:45,600 --> 22:21:46,600
and the 192.168.x.x
35374
22:21:50,320 --> 22:21:51,320
the subnet mask
35375
22:21:52,000 --> 22:21:53,000
which
35376
22:21:54,080 --> 22:21:55,080
differentiates the node from the network
35377
22:21:56,800 --> 22:21:57,800
id
35378
22:21:58,320 --> 22:21:59,320
the gateway address which is
35379
22:22:03,512 --> 22:22:04,512
where the computer goes first the dns
35380
22:22:06,000 --> 22:22:07,000
server
35381
22:22:08,872 --> 22:22:09,872
which translates ip
35382
22:22:11,440 --> 22:22:12,440
to names
35383
22:22:13,280 --> 22:22:14,280
the hosts file which is sort of a text
35384
22:22:15,680 --> 22:22:16,680
file that does this for us
35385
22:22:17,600 --> 22:22:18,600
then we looked at ip version 6 which is
35386
22:22:19,960 --> 22:22:20,960
128 bits
35387
22:22:22,800 --> 22:22:23,800
it is eight what i called hextechs
35388
22:22:29,440 --> 22:22:30,440
of four characters each
35389
22:22:32,232 --> 22:22:33,232
each
35390
22:22:33,760 --> 22:22:34,760
a hexadecimal number
35391
22:22:36,480 --> 22:22:37,480
we look at the truncation rules there
35392
22:22:38,232 --> 22:22:39,232
were two of them
35393
22:22:41,360 --> 22:22:42,360
the first was removing leading zeros
35394
22:22:46,080 --> 22:22:47,080
and the second was
35395
22:22:48,232 --> 22:22:49,232
compress
35396
22:22:51,600 --> 22:22:52,600
consecutive sets of zero
35397
22:22:56,640 --> 22:22:57,640
then we looked at dynamic versus static
35398
22:22:58,320 --> 22:22:59,320
in most cases we want dynamic but that
35399
22:23:00,480 --> 22:23:01,480
requires what's called a dhcp server a
35400
22:23:02,480 --> 22:23:03,480
static must be assigned by a user or
35401
22:23:04,552 --> 22:23:05,552
administrator a people or that
35402
22:23:06,400 --> 22:23:07,400
self-assigned ip address
35403
22:23:08,480 --> 22:23:09,480
automatic
35404
22:23:09,920 --> 22:23:10,920
private ip address if the
35405
22:23:14,000 --> 22:23:15,000
dhcp server isn't around then i'm going
35406
22:23:15,760 --> 22:23:16,760
to self-assign myself in a pipa address
35407
22:23:17,832 --> 22:23:18,832
the local host remember that's 127.0.0.1
35408
22:23:22,232 --> 22:23:23,232
or
35409
22:23:23,920 --> 22:23:24,920
this and ipv6 that's me always me that's
35410
22:23:27,120 --> 22:23:28,120
like saying me myself and i okay and
35411
22:23:29,040 --> 22:23:30,040
then the windows configuration
35412
22:23:31,360 --> 22:23:32,360
basically you can right
35413
22:23:32,832 --> 22:23:33,832
click and then go to properties
35414
22:23:35,760 --> 22:23:36,760
sort of the shortcut
35415
22:23:37,280 --> 22:23:38,280
but it's in that network and sharing
35416
22:23:38,720 --> 22:23:39,720
center in
35417
22:23:40,160 --> 22:23:41,160
windows 7 vista
35418
22:23:42,960 --> 22:23:43,960
all right
35419
22:23:44,400 --> 22:23:45,400
very complex complicated
35420
22:23:48,000 --> 22:23:49,000
discussion to be having and when we talk
35421
22:23:50,080 --> 22:23:51,080
about network plus it'll get a little
35422
22:23:51,760 --> 22:23:52,760
more easier to understand
35423
22:23:57,490 --> 22:23:58,490
[Music]
35424
22:24:18,232 --> 22:24:19,232
networking tcp ports and protocols
35425
22:24:24,480 --> 22:24:25,480
tcp was revolutionary in that it allowed
35426
22:24:27,920 --> 22:24:28,920
routing and it allowed us to start
35427
22:24:30,480 --> 22:24:31,480
communicating data over long distances
35428
22:24:33,280 --> 22:24:34,280
because uh it allowed for different
35429
22:24:35,512 --> 22:24:36,512
routers to sort of
35430
22:24:37,360 --> 22:24:38,360
send that data onto another router and
35431
22:24:40,320 --> 22:24:41,320
so on and so forth until it went to
35432
22:24:41,920 --> 22:24:42,920
another server and then back to you
35433
22:24:43,680 --> 22:24:44,680
however there were other protocols that
35434
22:24:45,760 --> 22:24:46,760
allow us to do the bulk of what we're
35435
22:24:47,680 --> 22:24:48,680
doing over that tcp so what we're going
35436
22:24:50,720 --> 22:24:51,720
to talk about are some of those
35437
22:24:52,232 --> 22:24:53,232
protocols that you need to know for the
35438
22:24:53,680 --> 22:24:54,680
a plus exam
35439
22:24:55,440 --> 22:24:56,440
that allow services to occur such as
35440
22:24:58,480 --> 22:24:59,480
browsing the internet sending email
35441
22:25:00,960 --> 22:25:01,960
tcp enabled them to work on top of them
35442
22:25:03,600 --> 22:25:04,600
but we still have
35443
22:25:05,920 --> 22:25:06,920
protocols that use these technologies in
35444
22:25:08,080 --> 22:25:09,080
order to make it all work the way we
35445
22:25:09,192 --> 22:25:10,192
want and then we're going to talk about
35446
22:25:10,800 --> 22:25:11,800
ports involved very heavily in this
35447
22:25:13,120 --> 22:25:14,120
discussion because there are certain
35448
22:25:14,640 --> 22:25:15,640
ports you need to know for the exam and
35449
22:25:16,320 --> 22:25:17,320
ports are the logical end point of one
35450
22:25:18,640 --> 22:25:19,640
of these protocols so
35451
22:25:21,760 --> 22:25:22,760
when a
35452
22:25:22,960 --> 22:25:23,960
when a data packet reaches
35453
22:25:25,120 --> 22:25:26,120
a computer it needs to know what to do
35454
22:25:28,000 --> 22:25:29,000
at that point where do i go who am i
35455
22:25:30,160 --> 22:25:31,160
looking for and that's where the port
35456
22:25:32,000 --> 22:25:33,000
comes in because it can say oh i'm
35457
22:25:33,360 --> 22:25:34,360
looking for port 25 on this computer for
35458
22:25:36,080 --> 22:25:37,080
instance and that'll tell the computer
35459
22:25:38,000 --> 22:25:39,000
what it is this data packet is meant to
35460
22:25:40,000 --> 22:25:41,000
do so we're going to talk about those
35461
22:25:41,760 --> 22:25:42,760
and there's a lot of text in this one so
35462
22:25:44,000 --> 22:25:45,000
i want you to pay careful attention i'm
35463
22:25:45,280 --> 22:25:46,280
going to point out what you need to know
35464
22:25:46,960 --> 22:25:47,960
okay and some of these you might know so
35465
22:25:48,640 --> 22:25:49,640
first we're going to start with talking
35466
22:25:49,760 --> 22:25:50,760
generally about ports and what they are
35467
22:25:52,000 --> 22:25:53,000
there are two types of ports
35468
22:25:54,872 --> 22:25:55,872
every port number there are two types
35469
22:25:57,040 --> 22:25:58,040
there's tcp and there's udp we're going
35470
22:25:59,920 --> 22:26:00,920
to talk about the difference between
35471
22:26:01,360 --> 22:26:02,360
them although you won't have to
35472
22:26:02,552 --> 22:26:03,552
necessarily recognize whether something
35473
22:26:05,120 --> 22:26:06,120
is a tcp or udp port for the exam then
35474
22:26:08,320 --> 22:26:09,320
we're going to look at several tcp
35475
22:26:10,552 --> 22:26:11,552
protocols some of these you've probably
35476
22:26:12,480 --> 22:26:13,480
heard of and for each of them you need
35477
22:26:14,232 --> 22:26:15,232
to know the port that it's by default
35478
22:26:16,320 --> 22:26:17,320
given
35479
22:26:17,600 --> 22:26:18,600
or that it works over so we're going to
35480
22:26:19,120 --> 22:26:20,120
talk about ftp which is 20 and 21
35481
22:26:23,192 --> 22:26:24,192
ssh or the secure shell
35482
22:26:25,760 --> 22:26:26,760
which is 22
35483
22:26:27,920 --> 22:26:28,920
telnet which is 23
35484
22:26:31,600 --> 22:26:32,600
smtp allowing us to send emails 25
35485
22:26:36,000 --> 22:26:37,000
dns what allows us to browse the
35486
22:26:38,480 --> 22:26:39,480
internet because it changes google.com
35487
22:26:41,280 --> 22:26:42,280
into an ip address number that's 53.
35488
22:26:44,440 --> 22:26:45,440
http which is the protocol allowing us
35489
22:26:47,512 --> 22:26:48,512
to browse the internet
35490
22:26:50,080 --> 22:26:51,080
pop3 uh one of the protocols that allow
35491
22:26:52,960 --> 22:26:53,960
us allows us to receive
35492
22:26:55,360 --> 22:26:56,360
uh emails
35493
22:26:57,760 --> 22:26:58,760
imap which is another protocol for
35494
22:27:00,160 --> 22:27:01,160
receiving emails although works slightly
35495
22:27:02,080 --> 22:27:03,080
differently and is taken
35496
22:27:05,512 --> 22:27:06,512
more
35497
22:27:06,640 --> 22:27:07,640
dominance in the field
35498
22:27:08,680 --> 22:27:09,680
https a secure
35499
22:27:11,280 --> 22:27:12,280
uh
35500
22:27:13,040 --> 22:27:14,040
a secure rendition of http that allows
35501
22:27:16,960 --> 22:27:17,960
you to search the internet
35502
22:27:20,320 --> 22:27:21,320
rdp finally remote desktop protocol
35503
22:27:23,832 --> 22:27:24,832
which we have looked at when we were
35504
22:27:25,680 --> 22:27:26,680
talking about windows allows us to
35505
22:27:27,920 --> 22:27:28,920
remote into a computer then there are
35506
22:27:30,160 --> 22:27:31,160
some additional protocols that you don't
35507
22:27:31,760 --> 22:27:32,760
need to know the ports for and by the
35508
22:27:33,040 --> 22:27:34,040
way i've been writing these ports
35509
22:27:35,040 --> 22:27:36,040
out the port numbers just because i want
35510
22:27:36,720 --> 22:27:37,720
to keep repeating them and i will repeat
35511
22:27:38,232 --> 22:27:39,232
them later and then i'll give you a
35512
22:27:39,280 --> 22:27:40,280
table as well and some of these
35513
22:27:40,800 --> 22:27:41,800
additional protocols are dhcp what we've
35514
22:27:43,440 --> 22:27:44,440
discussed allows you to allows a server
35515
22:27:46,080 --> 22:27:47,080
to randomly not randomly excuse me
35516
22:27:47,920 --> 22:27:48,920
allows a server to
35517
22:27:49,440 --> 22:27:50,440
assign an ip address to a computer snmp
35518
22:27:52,872 --> 22:27:53,872
used for managing devices smb which is
35519
22:27:56,480 --> 22:27:57,480
what allows you to share out printers
35520
22:27:58,080 --> 22:27:59,080
and files and ldap which is our
35521
22:28:00,480 --> 22:28:01,480
directory protocol allows you to log in
35522
22:28:02,872 --> 22:28:03,872
using a username and password for
35523
22:28:04,720 --> 22:28:05,720
instance
35524
22:28:06,720 --> 22:28:07,720
all right
35525
22:28:07,920 --> 22:28:08,920
so let's start talking about tcp ports
35526
22:28:11,040 --> 22:28:12,040
in general
35527
22:28:12,480 --> 22:28:13,480
in a sense a port is the logical end
35528
22:28:16,320 --> 22:28:17,320
point of a look of a connection so we're
35529
22:28:18,232 --> 22:28:19,232
not talking about a physical port
35530
22:28:22,320 --> 22:28:23,320
that would be sort of like the
35531
22:28:23,680 --> 22:28:24,680
connection okay what we're talking about
35532
22:28:25,360 --> 22:28:26,360
is a
35533
22:28:26,160 --> 22:28:27,160
logical port a logical endpoint of a
35534
22:28:29,120 --> 22:28:30,120
connection so if i have an ip address
35535
22:28:31,832 --> 22:28:32,832
192.168.1.120
35536
22:28:36,000 --> 22:28:37,000
there will be a colon and then it will
35537
22:28:37,440 --> 22:28:38,440
have a port colon80 which is telling the
35538
22:28:40,480 --> 22:28:41,480
computer that this data packet is meant
35539
22:28:42,872 --> 22:28:43,872
for
35540
22:28:43,600 --> 22:28:44,600
something on port 80 which turns out to
35541
22:28:45,280 --> 22:28:46,280
be http or web browsing
35542
22:28:48,400 --> 22:28:49,400
the ip address defines the node but the
35543
22:28:51,512 --> 22:28:52,512
port identifies what to do with that
35544
22:28:53,512 --> 22:28:54,512
information once it reaches the ip
35545
22:28:55,440 --> 22:28:56,440
address again
35546
22:28:57,120 --> 22:28:58,120
getting to the computer is one thing
35547
22:28:58,480 --> 22:28:59,480
knowing what to do with it once it gets
35548
22:29:00,080 --> 22:29:01,080
there is a whole other
35549
22:29:02,080 --> 22:29:03,080
in tcp ports are either what we call
35550
22:29:04,960 --> 22:29:05,960
connection oriented tcp or
35551
22:29:07,600 --> 22:29:08,600
connectionless
35552
22:29:09,120 --> 22:29:10,120
udp we'll talk about what the difference
35553
22:29:11,512 --> 22:29:12,512
is between those two but just remember
35554
22:29:13,192 --> 22:29:14,192
connection oriented is tcp connection
35555
22:29:16,080 --> 22:29:17,080
less is udp
35556
22:29:18,320 --> 22:29:19,320
for two computers to communicate they
35557
22:29:20,872 --> 22:29:21,872
both have to use the same protocol which
35558
22:29:22,800 --> 22:29:23,800
generally dictates which port is open on
35559
22:29:25,192 --> 22:29:26,192
the network adapter so
35560
22:29:28,232 --> 22:29:29,232
i know for my firewall that i have to
35561
22:29:31,120 --> 22:29:32,120
open port 80 to allow web browsing if
35562
22:29:34,232 --> 22:29:35,232
port 80 is closed from traffic coming in
35563
22:29:37,360 --> 22:29:38,360
i'm not going to be able to browse so it
35564
22:29:39,600 --> 22:29:40,600
allows us to use a sort of short of hand
35565
22:29:42,000 --> 22:29:43,000
so that way everyone in the world knows
35566
22:29:44,800 --> 22:29:45,800
where they're going to be communicating
35567
22:29:46,232 --> 22:29:47,232
through
35568
22:29:47,512 --> 22:29:48,512
there are three ranges of ports
35569
22:29:49,920 --> 22:29:50,920
ports 0 through 1023 which most of the
35570
22:29:52,640 --> 22:29:53,640
port numbers we're going to learn fall
35571
22:29:53,920 --> 22:29:54,920
in are what are called well-known ports
35572
22:29:56,320 --> 22:29:57,320
these are sort of industry standard
35573
22:29:58,232 --> 22:29:59,232
ports they do not change
35574
22:30:00,160 --> 22:30:01,160
1024 through
35575
22:30:01,800 --> 22:30:02,800
49151 we're going to see one in this
35576
22:30:04,000 --> 22:30:05,000
range are registered ports these are
35577
22:30:06,080 --> 22:30:07,080
literally registered with an
35578
22:30:07,280 --> 22:30:08,280
international organization
35579
22:30:09,832 --> 22:30:10,832
say quicken
35580
22:30:11,192 --> 22:30:12,192
would want to register a port so they
35581
22:30:12,960 --> 22:30:13,960
can use it with their software and
35582
22:30:14,872 --> 22:30:15,872
finally we have what are called
35583
22:30:16,640 --> 22:30:17,640
experimental ports these are private
35584
22:30:19,120 --> 22:30:20,120
they cannot be registered they can only
35585
22:30:20,720 --> 22:30:21,720
be used in in a private realm not
35586
22:30:22,800 --> 22:30:23,800
outside not publicly over the internet
35587
22:30:24,960 --> 22:30:25,960
necessarily okay
35588
22:30:28,552 --> 22:30:29,552
so first tcp this stands for
35589
22:30:30,640 --> 22:30:31,640
transmission
35590
22:30:32,000 --> 22:30:33,000
control protocol and remember that
35591
22:30:33,920 --> 22:30:34,920
control
35592
22:30:34,960 --> 22:30:35,960
this is known as a connection oriented
35593
22:30:37,440 --> 22:30:38,440
session
35594
22:30:38,480 --> 22:30:39,480
so any any port that's any tcp port is
35595
22:30:43,040 --> 22:30:44,040
connection oriented this means that
35596
22:30:45,440 --> 22:30:46,440
every packet that is sent is checked for
35597
22:30:47,760 --> 22:30:48,760
delivery so like a delivery confirmation
35598
22:30:51,192 --> 22:30:52,192
when you're sending something through
35599
22:30:52,400 --> 22:30:53,400
snail mail it doesn't just send it and
35600
22:30:54,480 --> 22:30:55,480
then make and then hope it gets there it
35601
22:30:56,720 --> 22:30:57,720
sends it and then it checks that it
35602
22:30:58,720 --> 22:30:59,720
definitely got there
35603
22:31:00,480 --> 22:31:01,480
if the receiving computer doesn't
35604
22:31:02,232 --> 22:31:03,232
receive the packet
35605
22:31:03,920 --> 22:31:04,920
it it uh it knows
35606
22:31:06,400 --> 22:31:07,400
because it's tcp and then it can ask for
35607
22:31:09,440 --> 22:31:10,440
the packet to be sent again so in this
35608
22:31:11,680 --> 22:31:12,680
way tcp is going to make sure that you
35609
22:31:14,000 --> 22:31:15,000
get all the data you got and if you
35610
22:31:15,832 --> 22:31:16,832
didn't get it then it's going to say hey
35611
22:31:17,680 --> 22:31:18,680
i didn't get this packet can you please
35612
22:31:19,440 --> 22:31:20,440
resend to make sure that you do get it
35613
22:31:21,040 --> 22:31:22,040
so it's not going to leave any gaps in
35614
22:31:22,640 --> 22:31:23,640
the data
35615
22:31:23,680 --> 22:31:24,680
all right no one packet is left behind
35616
22:31:28,400 --> 22:31:29,400
udp on the other hand stands for user
35617
22:31:31,440 --> 22:31:32,440
datagrain protocol
35618
22:31:33,360 --> 22:31:34,360
and a datagram by the way is a is a sort
35619
22:31:35,760 --> 22:31:36,760
of another name for a packet
35620
22:31:38,872 --> 22:31:39,872
these are known as connection less
35621
22:31:40,872 --> 22:31:41,872
sessions basically if the packet is
35622
22:31:43,040 --> 22:31:44,040
dropped we're not going to ask for it
35623
22:31:44,720 --> 22:31:45,720
again i'm going to let it go so whereas
35624
22:31:46,872 --> 22:31:47,872
tcp is going to say hey i didn't get a
35625
22:31:49,040 --> 22:31:50,040
packet udp is going to say hey don't
35626
22:31:50,552 --> 22:31:51,552
worry about it you lost a packet but i'm
35627
22:31:52,400 --> 22:31:53,400
not going to need it
35628
22:31:53,920 --> 22:31:54,920
this is like sending mail over snail
35629
22:31:55,680 --> 22:31:56,680
mail but not getting a delivery
35630
22:31:57,120 --> 22:31:58,120
confirmation or not having someone call
35631
22:31:58,960 --> 22:31:59,960
you so you don't know that it got there
35632
22:32:00,640 --> 22:32:01,640
you're just sort of hoping that it got
35633
22:32:02,080 --> 22:32:03,080
there
35634
22:32:02,872 --> 22:32:03,872
this is used mostly in streaming media
35635
22:32:05,680 --> 22:32:06,680
the reason being if some data doesn't
35636
22:32:08,080 --> 22:32:09,080
get there then i have a skip in the
35637
22:32:09,600 --> 22:32:10,600
music but i want it to keep going i
35638
22:32:11,920 --> 22:32:12,920
don't want to have to send for more and
35639
22:32:14,160 --> 22:32:15,160
then i have to pause the music while the
35640
22:32:15,920 --> 22:32:16,920
music comes it doesn't work out that way
35641
22:32:17,680 --> 22:32:18,680
so udp is good in situations where i
35642
22:32:19,760 --> 22:32:20,760
don't need to make sure i got all the
35643
22:32:21,760 --> 22:32:22,760
information
35644
22:32:23,600 --> 22:32:24,600
so music video etc these are certain
35645
22:32:26,320 --> 22:32:27,320
instances we're probably going to be
35646
22:32:27,440 --> 22:32:28,440
using udp ports rather than
35647
22:32:30,552 --> 22:32:31,552
tcp ports
35648
22:32:32,872 --> 22:32:33,872
all right let's talk about some of the
35649
22:32:34,800 --> 22:32:35,800
protocols
35650
22:32:37,192 --> 22:32:38,192
that you need to know for the exam and
35651
22:32:38,552 --> 22:32:39,552
i've chosen the specific ones you're
35652
22:32:40,160 --> 22:32:41,160
going to get asked on
35653
22:32:42,552 --> 22:32:43,552
first ftp this stands for the file
35654
22:32:45,512 --> 22:32:46,512
transfer protocol
35655
22:32:47,512 --> 22:32:48,512
for better for a
35656
22:32:49,512 --> 22:32:50,512
lack of a better way to say it this
35657
22:32:50,960 --> 22:32:51,960
allows computers to transfer files back
35658
22:32:53,120 --> 22:32:54,120
and forth so
35659
22:32:54,800 --> 22:32:55,800
um when you
35660
22:32:56,872 --> 22:32:57,872
when i want to upload some files to
35661
22:32:58,720 --> 22:32:59,720
someone i log into their ftp server and
35662
22:33:01,192 --> 22:33:02,192
then i can upload files to them and then
35663
22:33:03,120 --> 22:33:04,120
they can send files to me most of the
35664
22:33:05,120 --> 22:33:06,120
time when we download files we download
35665
22:33:06,720 --> 22:33:07,720
it using a slightly different protocol
35666
22:33:08,160 --> 22:33:09,160
but ftp was the original protocol used
35667
22:33:10,320 --> 22:33:11,320
to send files back and forth
35668
22:33:12,232 --> 22:33:13,232
you usually connect using tcp 21.
35669
22:33:16,400 --> 22:33:17,400
sometimes you will also use
35670
22:33:18,720 --> 22:33:19,720
tcp 20. now notice it is tcp because i
35671
22:33:21,680 --> 22:33:22,680
want to make sure if i'm sending you
35672
22:33:22,872 --> 22:33:23,872
files you're getting the full file i
35673
22:33:25,192 --> 22:33:26,192
also need to make sure that i have an
35674
22:33:26,960 --> 22:33:27,960
ftp client software necessary to connect
35675
22:33:29,832 --> 22:33:30,832
to an ftp server so you use a program
35676
22:33:32,160 --> 22:33:33,160
such as filezilla or cute ftp or one of
35677
22:33:35,360 --> 22:33:36,360
these programs you can download for free
35678
22:33:36,960 --> 22:33:37,960
off the internet you type in it asks for
35679
22:33:39,600 --> 22:33:40,600
the server
35680
22:33:40,960 --> 22:33:41,960
and then it'll ask you for a username
35681
22:33:43,360 --> 22:33:44,360
and a password and you type that
35682
22:33:44,872 --> 22:33:45,872
information and it logs you in sometimes
35683
22:33:46,872 --> 22:33:47,872
it'll ask you for report by default it's
35684
22:33:49,680 --> 22:33:50,680
either going to be port 20 or more than
35685
22:33:51,280 --> 22:33:52,280
likely 21. however
35686
22:33:54,552 --> 22:33:55,552
it's important to know that by default
35687
22:33:56,552 --> 22:33:57,552
it's going to be these you can always
35688
22:33:57,680 --> 22:33:58,680
change them just like almost any of the
35689
22:33:59,280 --> 22:34:00,280
ports we're going to talk about
35690
22:34:01,920 --> 22:34:02,920
tftp is another one to know about this
35691
22:34:04,160 --> 22:34:05,160
is trivial ftp and it uses
35692
22:34:08,040 --> 22:34:09,040
udp69 so whereas i'm using a tcp port
35693
22:34:11,040 --> 22:34:12,040
here and i wouldn't worry about
35694
22:34:12,720 --> 22:34:13,720
memorizing this necessarily but i want
35695
22:34:14,160 --> 22:34:15,160
to mention it just in case it comes up
35696
22:34:15,280 --> 22:34:16,280
on the exam
35697
22:34:16,320 --> 22:34:17,320
trivial ftp uses udp 69. it's not
35698
22:34:20,480 --> 22:34:21,480
positive that the data is going to get
35699
22:34:22,000 --> 22:34:23,000
there but it doesn't really matter
35700
22:34:23,280 --> 22:34:24,280
because this leaves a lot less resources
35701
22:34:25,440 --> 22:34:26,440
so in certain instances i might be using
35702
22:34:27,680 --> 22:34:28,680
trivial ftp as opposed to regular ftp
35703
22:34:30,400 --> 22:34:31,400
there's also a different form of ftp
35704
22:34:33,192 --> 22:34:34,192
we'll talk about in just a second
35705
22:34:35,760 --> 22:34:36,760
so the secure shell or ssh allows data
35706
22:34:38,872 --> 22:34:39,872
to be exchanged between computers on a
35707
22:34:40,960 --> 22:34:41,960
secure channel
35708
22:34:42,720 --> 22:34:43,720
so
35709
22:34:43,680 --> 22:34:44,680
for instance if i'm going to deal with
35710
22:34:45,120 --> 22:34:46,120
credit card information i'm going to
35711
22:34:46,960 --> 22:34:47,960
want to use secure shell it also offers
35712
22:34:49,512 --> 22:34:50,512
a more secure replacement to ftp and
35713
22:34:53,120 --> 22:34:54,120
telnet
35714
22:34:54,552 --> 22:34:55,552
so if i'm going to connect between two
35715
22:34:56,080 --> 22:34:57,080
computers instead of using telnet which
35716
22:34:58,552 --> 22:34:59,552
we're going to talk about in a second i
35717
22:34:59,920 --> 22:35:00,920
can use the secure shell it creates a
35718
22:35:02,000 --> 22:35:03,000
secure user shell over a network for me
35719
22:35:04,872 --> 22:35:05,872
to communicate with another computer we
35720
22:35:06,800 --> 22:35:07,800
can also use sftp
35721
22:35:10,552 --> 22:35:11,552
secure ftp
35722
22:35:13,360 --> 22:35:14,360
which is going to run on
35723
22:35:15,600 --> 22:35:16,600
this port
35724
22:35:17,360 --> 22:35:18,360
which is port 22 so we're going in order
35725
22:35:20,480 --> 22:35:21,480
here ftp first then i can use 22.
35726
22:35:25,120 --> 22:35:26,120
sfdp is going to use 22 also secure
35727
22:35:27,680 --> 22:35:28,680
shells can use 22. a really good
35728
22:35:30,160 --> 22:35:31,160
rule of thumb by the way if they ever
35729
22:35:31,832 --> 22:35:32,832
ask you which of the following is not
35730
22:35:34,000 --> 22:35:35,000
secure or is secure the one with an s in
35731
22:35:36,552 --> 22:35:37,552
it is probably secure there's also an
35732
22:35:39,120 --> 22:35:40,120
https just like there's an s ftp
35733
22:35:46,080 --> 22:35:47,080
all right
35734
22:35:46,960 --> 22:35:47,960
telecommunications network is sort of a
35735
22:35:49,280 --> 22:35:50,280
a legacy older
35736
22:35:51,040 --> 22:35:52,040
um
35737
22:35:52,480 --> 22:35:53,480
protocol it stands for telecommunication
35738
22:35:54,960 --> 22:35:55,960
network and it provides remote access to
35739
22:35:57,680 --> 22:35:58,680
other hosts in the command line so
35740
22:35:59,512 --> 22:36:00,512
nowadays when we access computers
35741
22:36:01,192 --> 22:36:02,192
remotely we're using a graphical user
35742
22:36:02,640 --> 22:36:03,640
interface a gui and we'll generally
35743
22:36:04,960 --> 22:36:05,960
connect uh you know by rdp or something
35744
22:36:08,080 --> 22:36:09,080
telnet was one you would use the command
35745
22:36:09,920 --> 22:36:10,920
line to establish a connection and it
35746
22:36:12,480 --> 22:36:13,480
uses tcp 23 okay so again we're going in
35747
22:36:16,800 --> 22:36:17,800
order here it's mostly not used anymore
35748
22:36:18,960 --> 22:36:19,960
uh because
35749
22:36:20,320 --> 22:36:21,320
other
35750
22:36:21,440 --> 22:36:22,440
other protocols do do it better frankly
35751
22:36:24,640 --> 22:36:25,640
but this is an older form it didn't
35752
22:36:26,800 --> 22:36:27,800
encrypt the data the password so the
35753
22:36:29,760 --> 22:36:30,760
password would be sent over you know the
35754
22:36:31,832 --> 22:36:32,832
network anyone who could sort of pick up
35755
22:36:34,080 --> 22:36:35,080
a packet could see it so it wasn't very
35756
22:36:36,000 --> 22:36:37,000
secure ssh on the other hand much more
35757
22:36:38,400 --> 22:36:39,400
secure so it's used
35758
22:36:40,232 --> 22:36:41,232
in a lot more circumstances
35759
22:36:42,640 --> 22:36:43,640
so
35760
22:36:43,440 --> 22:36:44,440
it's been replaced mostly by ssh
35761
22:36:47,832 --> 22:36:48,832
by the way it may still be used to
35762
22:36:49,920 --> 22:36:50,920
access some routers and other hosts on
35763
22:36:52,232 --> 22:36:53,232
your local network which is the reason
35764
22:36:53,760 --> 22:36:54,760
we bring it up
35765
22:36:56,080 --> 22:36:57,080
all right
35766
22:36:56,960 --> 22:36:57,960
now we're getting into some stuff you
35767
22:36:58,232 --> 22:36:59,232
probably have seen a bit of
35768
22:37:00,480 --> 22:37:01,480
smtp simple mail transfer protocol this
35769
22:37:03,832 --> 22:37:04,832
is what allows you to send email for
35770
22:37:06,080 --> 22:37:07,080
better uh for lack of any other
35771
22:37:07,760 --> 22:37:08,760
definition
35772
22:37:08,872 --> 22:37:09,872
it remember you can remember this if you
35773
22:37:11,040 --> 22:37:12,040
want with send mail to people
35774
22:37:13,600 --> 22:37:14,600
okay i don't seem to have a problem
35775
22:37:15,120 --> 22:37:16,120
remembering just smtp or simple mail
35776
22:37:17,192 --> 22:37:18,192
transfer protocol it could be because
35777
22:37:18,800 --> 22:37:19,800
i've been doing this for so long
35778
22:37:20,640 --> 22:37:21,640
it commonly uses tcp 25 but this must be
35779
22:37:24,480 --> 22:37:25,480
a local server
35780
22:37:26,400 --> 22:37:27,400
meaning if you are
35781
22:37:28,720 --> 22:37:29,720
on uh let's say
35782
22:37:30,720 --> 22:37:31,720
verizon provides you your mail server
35783
22:37:34,552 --> 22:37:35,552
um
35784
22:37:36,000 --> 22:37:37,000
provides you internet access rather you
35785
22:37:37,832 --> 22:37:38,832
have to use smtp25
35786
22:37:40,960 --> 22:37:41,960
for them for their server if you try
35787
22:37:43,120 --> 22:37:44,120
using smtp for google search server it's
35788
22:37:46,080 --> 22:37:47,080
not going to work because they're not
35789
22:37:47,192 --> 22:37:48,192
local so
35790
22:37:48,480 --> 22:37:49,480
25 must be the local server if you're on
35791
22:37:52,160 --> 22:37:53,160
you're the hilton
35792
22:37:53,760 --> 22:37:54,760
internet because you're at a you're
35793
22:37:55,360 --> 22:37:56,360
traveling you must use their server you
35794
22:37:57,760 --> 22:37:58,760
can't use your server from home and this
35795
22:37:59,920 --> 22:38:00,920
sometimes causes problems when people
35796
22:38:01,360 --> 22:38:02,360
travel okay so what you generally do
35797
22:38:04,640 --> 22:38:05,640
yeah you have to use your isps
35798
22:38:07,512 --> 22:38:08,512
smtp server and in many cases they use
35799
22:38:10,160 --> 22:38:11,160
what's called an smtp relay
35800
22:38:12,872 --> 22:38:13,872
which allows you to send the email
35801
22:38:14,960 --> 22:38:15,960
through someone else's server instead of
35802
22:38:16,872 --> 22:38:17,872
a local server such as google and that's
35803
22:38:19,512 --> 22:38:20,512
going to use tcp 587
35804
22:38:22,232 --> 22:38:23,232
all right so generally speaking if it's
35805
22:38:24,232 --> 22:38:25,232
a local server it's tcp 25 but nowadays
35806
22:38:27,512 --> 22:38:28,512
a lot of the time they're doing it
35807
22:38:28,640 --> 22:38:29,640
through an smtp relay which is tcp 587
35808
22:38:32,552 --> 22:38:33,552
and good to remember and to know
35809
22:38:35,832 --> 22:38:36,832
domain name system or domain name
35810
22:38:38,080 --> 22:38:39,080
service sometimes called used to
35811
22:38:40,080 --> 22:38:41,080
translate domain names to i is used
35812
22:38:43,120 --> 22:38:44,120
excuse me to translate domain names to
35813
22:38:45,120 --> 22:38:46,120
ip addresses so it is going to translate
35814
22:38:47,920 --> 22:38:48,920
google.com
35815
22:38:49,832 --> 22:38:50,832
into
35816
22:38:50,800 --> 22:38:51,800
whatever the ip address is for
35817
22:38:54,080 --> 22:38:55,080
uh google
35818
22:38:55,600 --> 22:38:56,600
it's uh yeah oh and there it is
35819
22:38:59,920 --> 22:39:00,920
it uses udp 53 okay this is not data we
35820
22:39:04,400 --> 22:39:05,400
need to worry about i don't want to
35821
22:39:05,600 --> 22:39:06,600
spend the extra resources making sure it
35822
22:39:07,920 --> 22:39:08,920
gets there so i'm going to use udp a
35823
22:39:10,232 --> 22:39:11,232
connection less protocol and it uses 53.
35824
22:39:15,680 --> 22:39:16,680
the hypertext transfer protocol
35825
22:39:18,160 --> 22:39:19,160
transfers web based materials from the
35826
22:39:20,872 --> 22:39:21,872
web server to your web browser so it is
35827
22:39:22,800 --> 22:39:23,800
what allows browsing
35828
22:39:25,192 --> 22:39:26,192
that's why you always see http colon
35829
22:39:27,440 --> 22:39:28,440
slash www dot
35830
22:39:30,640 --> 22:39:31,640
uh
35831
22:39:31,600 --> 22:39:32,600
yeah
35832
22:39:33,040 --> 22:39:34,040
normally it's done in a compressed
35833
22:39:34,872 --> 22:39:35,872
format not a secure format so in order
35834
22:39:37,040 --> 22:39:38,040
to make it go faster you're you're
35835
22:39:38,872 --> 22:39:39,872
working in not a compressed format it's
35836
22:39:41,360 --> 22:39:42,360
not secure people could
35837
22:39:43,512 --> 22:39:44,512
see what you were browsing if they were
35838
22:39:45,040 --> 22:39:46,040
looking in
35839
22:39:46,160 --> 22:39:47,160
it uses tcp 80 by default however
35840
22:39:49,760 --> 22:39:50,760
sometimes this changes and sometimes
35841
22:39:51,192 --> 22:39:52,192
you're going to use more secure
35842
22:39:53,280 --> 22:39:54,280
methods of this https which we'll talk
35843
22:39:56,000 --> 22:39:57,000
about
35844
22:39:57,040 --> 22:39:58,040
in order when you're dealing with say
35845
22:40:01,760 --> 22:40:02,760
credit card purchases or something over
35846
22:40:03,600 --> 22:40:04,600
the internet
35847
22:40:05,832 --> 22:40:06,832
the post office protocol version 3 this
35848
22:40:08,640 --> 22:40:09,640
is used by email clients to retrieve
35849
22:40:10,960 --> 22:40:11,960
incoming email from a mail server so
35850
22:40:13,040 --> 22:40:14,040
what this does is it downloads the mail
35851
22:40:15,280 --> 22:40:16,280
to your client and either removes it or
35852
22:40:17,512 --> 22:40:18,512
leaves it on the server either way it
35853
22:40:19,280 --> 22:40:20,280
doesn't organize anything on the server
35854
22:40:22,320 --> 22:40:23,320
so when you read something on your
35855
22:40:23,832 --> 22:40:24,832
smartphone it does not show as red on
35856
22:40:25,760 --> 22:40:26,760
your computer pop downloads the email
35857
22:40:28,720 --> 22:40:29,720
this is an important distinction between
35858
22:40:30,480 --> 22:40:31,480
pop and the next one imap it downloads
35859
22:40:33,280 --> 22:40:34,280
mail
35860
22:40:34,232 --> 22:40:35,232
onto your computer but it does not
35861
22:40:36,872 --> 22:40:37,872
organize it so once it downloads it you
35862
22:40:40,080 --> 22:40:41,080
don't
35863
22:40:41,440 --> 22:40:42,440
it doesn't update the server if you
35864
22:40:42,960 --> 22:40:43,960
delete download it and then delete it
35865
22:40:44,640 --> 22:40:45,640
it's not necessarily although you can
35866
22:40:46,720 --> 22:40:47,720
set this it's not necessarily going to
35867
22:40:48,160 --> 22:40:49,160
delete off the server if you want that
35868
22:40:50,080 --> 22:40:51,080
which is a little more advanced you're
35869
22:40:51,280 --> 22:40:52,280
going to use imap which is the next one
35870
22:40:52,720 --> 22:40:53,720
we're going to talk about so nowadays
35871
22:40:54,800 --> 22:40:55,800
imap is more prevalent because if i
35872
22:40:56,720 --> 22:40:57,720
check it on my iphone i want to make
35873
22:40:58,160 --> 22:40:59,160
sure it's checked on my computer
35874
22:41:00,000 --> 22:41:01,000
this by the way uses tcp 110 you're
35875
22:41:02,800 --> 22:41:03,800
going to want to remember that tcp 110.
35876
22:41:10,232 --> 22:41:11,232
uh imap the internet message access
35877
22:41:12,480 --> 22:41:13,480
protocol this is an email protocol that
35878
22:41:14,640 --> 22:41:15,640
enables messages to remain on the email
35879
22:41:17,192 --> 22:41:18,192
server so they can be retrieved from any
35880
22:41:19,760 --> 22:41:20,760
location and it supports folders so you
35881
22:41:21,920 --> 22:41:22,920
can organize them into folders so
35882
22:41:23,680 --> 22:41:24,680
instead of downloading the email onto my
35883
22:41:25,832 --> 22:41:26,832
computer i'm caching it onto my computer
35884
22:41:28,400 --> 22:41:29,400
i'm creating a copy on my computer that
35885
22:41:30,400 --> 22:41:31,400
i can read but every time i do updates
35886
22:41:32,552 --> 22:41:33,552
or delete something that change goes
35887
22:41:34,320 --> 22:41:35,320
back to the server
35888
22:41:35,920 --> 22:41:36,920
so when i read it on my smartphone it
35889
22:41:38,000 --> 22:41:39,000
shows as read on my computer when i
35890
22:41:39,512 --> 22:41:40,512
delete it on my computer it shows is
35891
22:41:41,040 --> 22:41:42,040
deleted on my smartphone
35892
22:41:42,720 --> 22:41:43,720
this by default uses tcp 143.
35893
22:41:47,920 --> 22:41:48,920
the hypertext transfer protocol secure
35894
22:41:50,552 --> 22:41:51,552
we talked about http which works on port
35895
22:41:54,160 --> 22:41:55,160
80 okay but https sends and receives
35896
22:41:57,680 --> 22:41:58,680
information like http but it's more
35897
22:41:59,832 --> 22:42:00,832
secure it has what's called trans
35898
22:42:02,552 --> 22:42:03,552
transport layer security tls
35899
22:42:05,440 --> 22:42:06,440
which we'll discuss more in security
35900
22:42:07,360 --> 22:42:08,360
plus and a little bit in network plus
35901
22:42:09,120 --> 22:42:10,120
and this encrypts the information as
35902
22:42:11,040 --> 22:42:12,040
it's going through the browser this is
35903
22:42:13,120 --> 22:42:14,120
used for credit card trends uh
35904
22:42:15,120 --> 22:42:16,120
transactions etc
35905
22:42:16,960 --> 22:42:17,960
and if you google browse nowadays you
35906
22:42:19,600 --> 22:42:20,600
can use https google.com which you might
35907
22:42:22,320 --> 22:42:23,320
want to do if you don't want people
35908
22:42:23,600 --> 22:42:24,600
sneaking in looking on your browsing
35909
22:42:26,080 --> 22:42:27,080
it uses by default tcp 443
35910
22:42:32,872 --> 22:42:33,872
the remote desktop protocol the last
35911
22:42:34,480 --> 22:42:35,480
protocol i want to talk about it allows
35912
22:42:36,552 --> 22:42:37,552
remote computers to have full remote
35913
22:42:38,872 --> 22:42:39,872
control of a pc so it's going to allow
35914
22:42:41,680 --> 22:42:42,680
you to log into a windows-based computer
35915
22:42:44,232 --> 22:42:45,232
from another computer does not have to
35916
22:42:46,320 --> 22:42:47,320
be windows-based you just have to have
35917
22:42:47,760 --> 22:42:48,760
the remote desktop client and allow you
35918
22:42:50,080 --> 22:42:51,080
to control that computer
35919
22:42:52,000 --> 22:42:53,000
users are given limited access to a
35920
22:42:54,232 --> 22:42:55,232
remote computer's applications
35921
22:42:57,192 --> 22:42:58,192
so
35922
22:42:58,552 --> 22:42:59,552
you can't
35923
22:43:00,232 --> 22:43:01,232
you don't necessarily have full control
35924
22:43:02,000 --> 22:43:03,000
because you're not sitting there so an
35925
22:43:03,600 --> 22:43:04,600
administrator can decide how much access
35926
22:43:06,000 --> 22:43:07,000
is given
35927
22:43:06,960 --> 22:43:07,960
don't forget administrators are always
35928
22:43:08,800 --> 22:43:09,800
given full control to a computer and
35929
22:43:11,120 --> 22:43:12,120
this is also the same thing although we
35930
22:43:12,800 --> 22:43:13,800
would call this remote assistance
35931
22:43:15,192 --> 22:43:16,192
this also allows you to invite people to
35932
22:43:18,160 --> 22:43:19,160
access and help you on your computer say
35933
22:43:20,400 --> 22:43:21,400
your grandmother
35934
22:43:22,000 --> 22:43:23,000
this by default uses tcp or udp port
35935
22:43:25,440 --> 22:43:26,440
3389
35936
22:43:27,832 --> 22:43:28,832
okay because again lag is something we
35937
22:43:29,920 --> 22:43:30,920
don't want it's probably going to double
35938
22:43:31,360 --> 22:43:32,360
it up
35939
22:43:33,440 --> 22:43:34,440
all right i put this port chart on the
35940
22:43:36,480 --> 22:43:37,480
right here because these are all the
35941
22:43:38,552 --> 22:43:39,552
ones you need to know if you remember
35942
22:43:40,720 --> 22:43:41,720
this chart and when you i'm telling you
35943
22:43:43,280 --> 22:43:44,280
memorize this chart you'll get i would
35944
22:43:45,360 --> 22:43:46,360
say five to ten questions off of this at
35945
22:43:47,680 --> 22:43:48,680
least if not more
35946
22:43:49,280 --> 22:43:50,280
first thing you do when you walk into
35947
22:43:50,872 --> 22:43:51,872
that exam space is write this down on
35948
22:43:54,080 --> 22:43:55,080
your brain dump sheet that way you don't
35949
22:43:56,552 --> 22:43:57,552
have to think about it you don't have to
35950
22:43:58,232 --> 22:43:59,232
recall anything you have all of these
35951
22:44:00,800 --> 22:44:01,800
ftp 20 and 21 ssh 22 telnet 23 smtp 25
35952
22:44:08,552 --> 22:44:09,552
dns 53 hdp for browsing 80 110 for pop3
35953
22:44:14,800 --> 22:44:15,800
imap uh more advanced email 143
35954
22:44:19,320 --> 22:44:20,320
https 443 smtp specifically the relay
35955
22:44:23,440 --> 22:44:24,440
which i put a star in x2587 and rdp
35956
22:44:26,400 --> 22:44:27,400
remote desktop protocol 3389
35957
22:44:29,920 --> 22:44:30,920
remember this chart uh i think it should
35958
22:44:32,552 --> 22:44:33,552
be on your notes as well
35959
22:44:35,192 --> 22:44:36,192
so we've now talked about ports
35960
22:44:37,512 --> 22:44:38,512
including connection oriented ports
35961
22:44:44,480 --> 22:44:45,480
and connection less ports
35962
22:44:49,600 --> 22:44:50,600
we also talked about protocols
35963
22:44:51,832 --> 22:44:52,832
ftp the file transfer protocol
35964
22:44:54,872 --> 22:44:55,872
ssh the secure shell
35965
22:44:57,280 --> 22:44:58,280
telnet
35966
22:44:58,480 --> 22:44:59,480
which allows remote access
35967
22:45:01,440 --> 22:45:02,440
smtp allows mail sending email sending
35968
22:45:05,280 --> 22:45:06,280
dns allows google to
35969
22:45:07,920 --> 22:45:08,920
i p address domain name system http
35970
22:45:11,512 --> 22:45:12,512
allows web browsing pop3 allows you to
35971
22:45:14,320 --> 22:45:15,320
download your email imap allows you to
35972
22:45:16,960 --> 22:45:17,960
organize your email https secure http
35973
22:45:22,000 --> 22:45:23,000
and rdp remote desktop protocol the only
35974
22:45:25,680 --> 22:45:26,680
registered port we're going to learn
35975
22:45:27,600 --> 22:45:28,600
remember these ports and you'll be good
35976
22:45:29,440 --> 22:45:30,440
to go
35977
22:45:30,480 --> 22:45:31,480
now before we finish up this video i
35978
22:45:32,320 --> 22:45:33,320
just want to talk about quickly a couple
35979
22:45:34,320 --> 22:45:35,320
other protocols that you don't
35980
22:45:35,920 --> 22:45:36,920
necessarily know the ports for but will
35981
22:45:37,680 --> 22:45:38,680
pop up on the exam and by the way all of
35982
22:45:40,232 --> 22:45:41,232
these ports will be repeated on on
35983
22:45:42,640 --> 22:45:43,640
security plus and network plus so it's
35984
22:45:44,480 --> 22:45:45,480
good to memorize them now
35985
22:45:48,000 --> 22:45:49,000
all right dynamic host configuration
35986
22:45:50,232 --> 22:45:51,232
protocol we talked about this already
35987
22:45:52,400 --> 22:45:53,400
but this automatically assigns ip
35988
22:45:54,640 --> 22:45:55,640
address information to hosts such as
35989
22:45:57,680 --> 22:45:58,680
computers printers servers routers it'll
35990
22:46:00,232 --> 22:46:01,232
automatically assign the ip address if
35991
22:46:02,480 --> 22:46:03,480
it's configured to be dynamic not static
35992
22:46:06,320 --> 22:46:07,320
and what happens is uh
35993
22:46:09,120 --> 22:46:10,120
it not only addresses adds ip address
35994
22:46:12,160 --> 22:46:13,160
because that is the main thing in iphs
35995
22:46:13,832 --> 22:46:14,832
information but it's also going to give
35996
22:46:14,960 --> 22:46:15,960
us our subnet mask
35997
22:46:17,360 --> 22:46:18,360
the gateway where the computer goes if
35998
22:46:20,080 --> 22:46:21,080
it doesn't know where else to go
35999
22:46:22,000 --> 22:46:23,000
and dns servers so all of these are
36000
22:46:24,640 --> 22:46:25,640
assigned automatically thanks to dhcp
36001
22:46:28,000 --> 22:46:29,000
and remember as well that a soho router
36002
22:46:33,440 --> 22:46:34,440
has a dhcp
36003
22:46:35,832 --> 22:46:36,832
built in
36004
22:46:37,120 --> 22:46:38,120
so it can assign
36005
22:46:38,960 --> 22:46:39,960
ip addresses to computers you don't have
36006
22:46:40,552 --> 22:46:41,552
to buy another device
36007
22:46:42,552 --> 22:46:43,552
and there it is
36008
22:46:44,720 --> 22:46:45,720
if the ip address is assigned you cannot
36009
22:46:47,832 --> 22:46:48,832
count on it remaining the same although
36010
22:46:49,360 --> 22:46:50,360
sometimes it does because you apply for
36011
22:46:51,920 --> 22:46:52,920
a lease to an ip address and sometimes
36012
22:46:53,920 --> 22:46:54,920
that lease expires once the lease
36013
22:46:55,832 --> 22:46:56,832
expires it's no longer good for you
36014
22:46:58,320 --> 22:46:59,320
all right so when your computer logs on
36015
22:47:00,080 --> 22:47:01,080
again the server the dhcp server is
36016
22:47:02,480 --> 22:47:03,480
going to give you a different address
36017
22:47:04,400 --> 22:47:05,400
dhcp allows this all to happen the next
36018
22:47:08,232 --> 22:47:09,232
one i want to talk about the simple
36019
22:47:09,600 --> 22:47:10,600
network management protocol
36020
22:47:11,600 --> 22:47:12,600
it's used as a standard for managing and
36021
22:47:13,832 --> 22:47:14,832
monitoring devices on the network so the
36022
22:47:16,232 --> 22:47:17,232
network management system controls
36023
22:47:18,480 --> 22:47:19,480
everything snmp-based and what i mean by
36024
22:47:20,400 --> 22:47:21,400
this is it's installed in your computer
36025
22:47:23,040 --> 22:47:24,040
which is known as a manager sometimes a
36026
22:47:24,800 --> 22:47:25,800
server and the devices to be monitored
36027
22:47:27,120 --> 22:47:28,120
are known as managed devices say a
36028
22:47:28,800 --> 22:47:29,800
printer or a router or something that's
36029
22:47:31,192 --> 22:47:32,192
sending up packets what it can do is the
36030
22:47:32,872 --> 22:47:33,872
printer can send out a packet that says
36031
22:47:34,552 --> 22:47:35,552
hey i'm out of ink or i'm out of paper
36032
22:47:37,192 --> 22:47:38,192
and that is picked up by your manager
36033
22:47:39,920 --> 22:47:40,920
the nms and on a big enterprise network
36034
22:47:42,720 --> 22:47:43,720
we have one manager that's doing this
36035
22:47:44,232 --> 22:47:45,232
and we have lots of devices it's
36036
22:47:45,680 --> 22:47:46,680
checking
36037
22:47:47,832 --> 22:47:48,832
these include routers switchers
36038
22:47:49,600 --> 22:47:50,600
computers printers all of this stuff
36039
22:47:52,400 --> 22:47:53,400
uses snmp and can be monitored by it and
36040
22:47:55,440 --> 22:47:56,440
in an enterprise setup you can imagine
36041
22:47:57,280 --> 22:47:58,280
how much energy this is going to save if
36042
22:47:59,512 --> 22:48:00,512
i can centralize all of the management
36043
22:48:01,680 --> 22:48:02,680
of all these errors that are coming out
36044
22:48:05,360 --> 22:48:06,360
server message blocks provide access to
36045
22:48:07,440 --> 22:48:08,440
shared items on the network such as
36046
22:48:09,360 --> 22:48:10,360
files and printers smb
36047
22:48:11,832 --> 22:48:12,832
which
36048
22:48:12,640 --> 22:48:13,640
in
36049
22:48:13,440 --> 22:48:14,440
linux talk would be samba
36050
22:48:16,480 --> 22:48:17,480
another version of smb allows you to
36051
22:48:18,720 --> 22:48:19,720
share files on your network it also
36052
22:48:20,960 --> 22:48:21,960
provides authentication so you can make
36053
22:48:23,360 --> 22:48:24,360
sure only the people you want are
36054
22:48:25,040 --> 22:48:26,040
accessing your files when we talked
36055
22:48:26,800 --> 22:48:27,800
about file sharing in windows and we
36056
22:48:28,960 --> 22:48:29,960
were able to share out folders or files
36057
22:48:31,440 --> 22:48:32,440
this is how we did it it's using smb
36058
22:48:34,232 --> 22:48:35,232
server message blocks
36059
22:48:37,920 --> 22:48:38,920
finally the last one i want to talk
36060
22:48:39,192 --> 22:48:40,192
about is the lightweight directory
36061
22:48:40,872 --> 22:48:41,872
access protocol or ldap it's used to
36062
22:48:43,600 --> 22:48:44,600
access and maintain distributed
36063
22:48:45,440 --> 22:48:46,440
directories of information like used on
36064
22:48:47,832 --> 22:48:48,832
microsoft domains so for instance when
36065
22:48:51,040 --> 22:48:52,040
you log into your microsoft network at
36066
22:48:53,280 --> 22:48:54,280
work it is using an ldap
36067
22:48:56,232 --> 22:48:57,232
protocol when you log in that is what
36068
22:48:58,872 --> 22:48:59,872
keeps the directory working that's what
36069
22:49:00,720 --> 22:49:01,720
allows you to authenticate so microsoft
36070
22:49:03,600 --> 22:49:04,600
refers to this as a directory service
36071
22:49:06,552 --> 22:49:07,552
ldap is also what's used to have a
36072
22:49:08,320 --> 22:49:09,320
global address directory list in
36073
22:49:10,160 --> 22:49:11,160
exchange so if i have an email a system
36074
22:49:13,512 --> 22:49:14,512
ldap is what allows me to keep sort of a
36075
22:49:15,440 --> 22:49:16,440
big address book of everyone in the
36076
22:49:17,280 --> 22:49:18,280
system
36077
22:49:19,512 --> 22:49:20,512
in other words it allows you to use your
36078
22:49:21,120 --> 22:49:22,120
username and password on the network so
36079
22:49:22,872 --> 22:49:23,872
ldap really responsible for using your
36080
22:49:24,872 --> 22:49:25,872
username and password on the network
36081
22:49:26,160 --> 22:49:27,160
that's how i want you to remember it for
36082
22:49:28,000 --> 22:49:29,000
purposes of this exam or when you see
36083
22:49:30,232 --> 22:49:31,232
the word directory service
36084
22:49:34,160 --> 22:49:35,160
so now we've
36085
22:49:35,440 --> 22:49:36,440
additionally discussed about dhcp for
36086
22:49:38,000 --> 22:49:39,000
dynamic ip addresses snmp for management
36087
22:49:42,160 --> 22:49:43,160
smb which allows file sharing and ldap
36088
22:49:45,120 --> 22:49:46,120
which allows user names passwords and
36089
22:49:46,960 --> 22:49:47,960
directory services let's go back over
36090
22:49:48,800 --> 22:49:49,800
these all again we talked about ports
36091
22:49:51,280 --> 22:49:52,280
the logical endpoint
36092
22:49:54,232 --> 22:49:55,232
of a connection
36093
22:49:57,920 --> 22:49:58,920
then we looked at tcp which is
36094
22:50:00,640 --> 22:50:01,640
connection oriented
36095
22:50:06,800 --> 22:50:07,800
like a delivery confirmation
36096
22:50:12,480 --> 22:50:13,480
udp which is
36097
22:50:16,232 --> 22:50:17,232
connection less
36098
22:50:18,232 --> 22:50:19,232
then we looked at some protocols
36099
22:50:20,400 --> 22:50:21,400
ftp uses 20 and 21 it's the file
36100
22:50:24,320 --> 22:50:25,320
transfer protocol that allows you to
36101
22:50:26,160 --> 22:50:27,160
transfer files
36102
22:50:29,680 --> 22:50:30,680
ssh 22 the secure shell
36103
22:50:34,552 --> 22:50:35,552
which is used specifically for
36104
22:50:37,832 --> 22:50:38,832
securing connections between two
36105
22:50:39,832 --> 22:50:40,832
computers and can allow for secure file
36106
22:50:42,872 --> 22:50:43,872
transfer as well telnet which allows
36107
22:50:45,512 --> 22:50:46,512
remote access to computers
36108
22:50:50,080 --> 22:50:51,080
via the command line
36109
22:50:52,640 --> 22:50:53,640
smtp
36110
22:50:54,872 --> 22:50:55,872
sending email
36111
22:50:59,280 --> 22:51:00,280
dns 53 domain name system
36112
22:51:05,600 --> 22:51:06,600
which allows google.com to become an ip
36113
22:51:07,680 --> 22:51:08,680
address yahoo.com whatever http 80 which
36114
22:51:11,360 --> 22:51:12,360
is what's responsible for web browsing
36115
22:51:15,512 --> 22:51:16,512
pop3 uses 110 it allows you to download
36116
22:51:20,000 --> 22:51:21,000
your email when you receive it imap
36117
22:51:22,960 --> 22:51:23,960
which uses 143 as opposed to pop allows
36118
22:51:26,720 --> 22:51:27,720
you to organize messages on the server
36119
22:51:34,960 --> 22:51:35,960
okay so it's more advanced than pop
36120
22:51:37,440 --> 22:51:38,440
https which uses 443
36121
22:51:40,480 --> 22:51:41,480
secure browsing
36122
22:51:44,232 --> 22:51:45,232
and rdp
36123
22:51:45,680 --> 22:51:46,680
remote desktop
36124
22:51:48,552 --> 22:51:49,552
as though you're sitting at it
36125
22:51:50,720 --> 22:51:51,720
then we also discussed some additional
36126
22:51:52,232 --> 22:51:53,232
protocols including dhcp which allows
36127
22:51:55,600 --> 22:51:56,600
dynamic ip addressing
36128
22:51:59,360 --> 22:52:00,360
snmp which is for management of devices
36129
22:52:04,640 --> 22:52:05,640
smb which allows
36130
22:52:06,872 --> 22:52:07,872
file sharing and print sharing actually
36131
22:52:09,512 --> 22:52:10,512
and ldap which is directory services
36132
22:52:12,552 --> 22:52:13,552
basically what allows you to use user
36133
22:52:14,720 --> 22:52:15,720
names
36134
22:52:16,320 --> 22:52:17,320
and passwords
36135
22:52:21,192 --> 22:52:22,192
so now that we've discussed how
36136
22:52:23,040 --> 22:52:24,040
everything works logically let's talk
36137
22:52:24,800 --> 22:52:25,800
about how you even get out to the
36138
22:52:26,320 --> 22:52:27,320
internet in the first place what kind of
36139
22:52:27,832 --> 22:52:28,832
services provide you internet access
36140
22:52:36,520 --> 22:52:37,520
[Music]
36141
22:52:56,960 --> 22:52:57,960
networking internet services
36142
22:53:00,160 --> 22:53:01,160
so we've discussed uh the
36143
22:53:02,872 --> 22:53:03,872
theoretical ways in which we set up
36144
22:53:04,960 --> 22:53:05,960
networks the devices
36145
22:53:08,320 --> 22:53:09,320
the way those devices connect through
36146
22:53:10,160 --> 22:53:11,160
certain media connectors and cables
36147
22:53:13,040 --> 22:53:14,040
we've also talked about
36148
22:53:14,872 --> 22:53:15,872
tcp and depth and all the ports
36149
22:53:18,800 --> 22:53:19,800
that we require
36150
22:53:20,320 --> 22:53:21,320
and in some ways
36151
22:53:22,232 --> 22:53:23,232
all the protocols that allow the
36152
22:53:23,920 --> 22:53:24,920
internet to work and allow us to do
36153
22:53:25,832 --> 22:53:26,832
things on the internet but now let's
36154
22:53:27,120 --> 22:53:28,120
talk specifically about how
36155
22:53:29,280 --> 22:53:30,280
we are going to get access to the
36156
22:53:31,280 --> 22:53:32,280
internet through internet services so
36157
22:53:34,800 --> 22:53:35,800
we're going to discuss an isp and what
36158
22:53:36,720 --> 22:53:37,720
that is otherwise known as an internet
36159
22:53:41,512 --> 22:53:42,512
service
36160
22:53:43,512 --> 22:53:44,512
provider
36161
22:53:46,000 --> 22:53:47,000
and some of the ways that they provide
36162
22:53:47,440 --> 22:53:48,440
us access to the internet which would be
36163
22:53:49,680 --> 22:53:50,680
dial-up to the use of a modem
36164
22:53:52,232 --> 22:53:53,232
and if you remember
36165
22:53:54,552 --> 22:53:55,552
pots or pstn
36166
22:53:57,920 --> 22:53:58,920
uh isdn
36167
22:53:59,680 --> 22:54:00,680
which was is an older sort of faster
36168
22:54:02,000 --> 22:54:03,000
form of dial-up replacement for dial-up
36169
22:54:03,920 --> 22:54:04,920
not used as much anymore due to
36170
22:54:07,040 --> 22:54:08,040
dsl and cable internet becoming so big
36171
22:54:10,320 --> 22:54:11,320
we're also going to look at fiber optics
36172
22:54:12,400 --> 22:54:13,400
uh sort of where some of these services
36173
22:54:15,680 --> 22:54:16,680
are heading because fiber optics as we
36174
22:54:18,160 --> 22:54:19,160
discussed in media offer more speed
36175
22:54:20,800 --> 22:54:21,800
we're going to look at satellite what
36176
22:54:22,232 --> 22:54:23,232
you saw on that main page
36177
22:54:24,160 --> 22:54:25,160
used mostly in rural areas that don't
36178
22:54:26,232 --> 22:54:27,232
have access to some of these faster
36179
22:54:30,232 --> 22:54:31,232
internet service providers
36180
22:54:32,080 --> 22:54:33,080
ymax which is not really around much
36181
22:54:35,360 --> 22:54:36,360
anymore thanks to
36182
22:54:37,040 --> 22:54:38,040
advances in cellular technology but ymax
36183
22:54:39,680 --> 22:54:40,680
which was aimed at
36184
22:54:42,320 --> 22:54:43,320
replacing
36185
22:54:43,680 --> 22:54:44,680
all of these other hard forms of network
36186
22:54:47,440 --> 22:54:48,440
bounded forms
36187
22:54:49,192 --> 22:54:50,192
by replacing it with an unbounded
36188
22:54:52,160 --> 22:54:53,160
wireless broadband network capability
36189
22:54:55,920 --> 22:54:56,920
which has mostly been undone thanks to
36190
22:54:58,720 --> 22:54:59,720
cellular and advances in cellular
36191
22:55:00,400 --> 22:55:01,400
technology
36192
22:55:01,600 --> 22:55:02,600
including 4g lte
36193
22:55:04,480 --> 22:55:05,480
lte
36194
22:55:05,680 --> 22:55:06,680
replacing ymax so we're going to look at
36195
22:55:07,832 --> 22:55:08,832
these and how they provide internet and
36196
22:55:10,320 --> 22:55:11,320
just the different options in case they
36197
22:55:11,760 --> 22:55:12,760
pop up on the test
36198
22:55:13,280 --> 22:55:14,280
so first let's talk about what an
36199
22:55:14,640 --> 22:55:15,640
internet service provider is this is an
36200
22:55:17,040 --> 22:55:18,040
organization or company that provides
36201
22:55:19,192 --> 22:55:20,192
access to the internet through a number
36202
22:55:21,040 --> 22:55:22,040
of different media and communication
36203
22:55:22,720 --> 22:55:23,720
types plain and simple
36204
22:55:24,800 --> 22:55:25,800
this is the organization you pay to
36205
22:55:26,640 --> 22:55:27,640
provide you access to the internet
36206
22:55:28,232 --> 22:55:29,232
that's the easiest way to to do it
36207
22:55:30,720 --> 22:55:31,720
how they provide that access that's a
36208
22:55:33,280 --> 22:55:34,280
whole different story
36209
22:55:35,832 --> 22:55:36,832
for instance in the united states aol
36210
22:55:38,480 --> 22:55:39,480
which some of you might
36211
22:55:40,000 --> 22:55:41,000
be familiar with used to provide dial-up
36212
22:55:41,832 --> 22:55:42,832
service to a lot of people and then the
36213
22:55:44,480 --> 22:55:45,480
you know broadband started taking over
36214
22:55:46,000 --> 22:55:47,000
and a lot of people thought oh well now
36215
22:55:47,512 --> 22:55:48,512
they don't need um to provide broadband
36216
22:55:50,480 --> 22:55:51,480
they're going to provide content well
36217
22:55:51,680 --> 22:55:52,680
actually aol still provides gets most of
36218
22:55:53,760 --> 22:55:54,760
their money from dial-up services so
36219
22:55:55,760 --> 22:55:56,760
they are an isp not just a content
36220
22:55:57,832 --> 22:55:58,832
provider so we'll talk about that and
36221
22:55:59,680 --> 22:56:00,680
some of the others as well okay so start
36222
22:56:01,832 --> 22:56:02,832
with dial up and here we have
36223
22:56:03,760 --> 22:56:04,760
a modem
36224
22:56:06,480 --> 22:56:07,480
this is still used by millions of people
36225
22:56:08,552 --> 22:56:09,552
as i mentioned still aol's main source
36226
22:56:10,720 --> 22:56:11,720
of income comes from dial-up because in
36227
22:56:13,360 --> 22:56:14,360
a lot of places the phone network is
36228
22:56:15,600 --> 22:56:16,600
there again that is pstn or pots which
36229
22:56:19,120 --> 22:56:20,120
we'll see again on this slide
36230
22:56:21,832 --> 22:56:22,832
but there is no other infrastructure to
36231
22:56:24,400 --> 22:56:25,400
lay the foundation for any sort of
36232
22:56:25,832 --> 22:56:26,832
broadband network and so having
36233
22:56:28,480 --> 22:56:29,480
high-speed network that some of us are
36234
22:56:30,320 --> 22:56:31,320
used to is not available and so dial-up
36235
22:56:32,000 --> 22:56:33,000
is still the main
36236
22:56:33,512 --> 22:56:34,512
uh form used it's very inexpensive
36237
22:56:36,800 --> 22:56:37,800
because it uses a pre-existing network
36238
22:56:38,720 --> 22:56:39,720
however it is extremely slow
36239
22:56:41,360 --> 22:56:42,360
extremely slow and if someone picks up
36240
22:56:43,832 --> 22:56:44,832
the phone
36241
22:56:44,960 --> 22:56:45,960
uh it drops your connection it's also
36242
22:56:46,960 --> 22:56:47,960
just not as reliable as some other
36243
22:56:48,720 --> 22:56:49,720
things this is a 14.4 kilobits per
36244
22:56:51,280 --> 22:56:52,280
second modem i think the highest they
36245
22:56:52,872 --> 22:56:53,872
ever made them
36246
22:56:54,400 --> 22:56:55,400
was
36247
22:56:55,280 --> 22:56:56,280
kilobits per second that actually worked
36248
22:56:57,280 --> 22:56:58,280
at a top range of 53 kilobits per second
36249
22:57:00,480 --> 22:57:01,480
if you imagine that compared to the 1.5
36250
22:57:03,760 --> 22:57:04,760
or 15 megabits per second we can get
36251
22:57:05,600 --> 22:57:06,600
from cable nowadays you can see how much
36252
22:57:07,360 --> 22:57:08,360
slower this is working and as a result
36253
22:57:10,000 --> 22:57:11,000
don't forget the internet has evolved as
36254
22:57:12,080 --> 22:57:13,080
well a lot of stuff has uses more high
36255
22:57:14,232 --> 22:57:15,232
graphics it takes a lot more to load
36256
22:57:17,120 --> 22:57:18,120
and a lot of companies now aren't
36257
22:57:18,320 --> 22:57:19,320
building stuff for modems so it can
36258
22:57:20,160 --> 22:57:21,160
really be a pain in the pain to
36259
22:57:22,552 --> 22:57:23,552
you know have a dial-up connection as i
36260
22:57:25,680 --> 22:57:26,680
mentioned it uses pots or pstn the plain
36261
22:57:28,480 --> 22:57:29,480
old telephone service or the public
36262
22:57:29,832 --> 22:57:30,832
switch telephone network to provide its
36263
22:57:31,920 --> 22:57:32,920
infrastructure because it connects
36264
22:57:33,832 --> 22:57:34,832
through a cat 3
36265
22:57:36,360 --> 22:57:37,360
rj11 connector
36266
22:57:39,040 --> 22:57:40,040
all right still using that twisted pair
36267
22:57:41,040 --> 22:57:42,040
that we see with uh cat5 but
36268
22:57:43,600 --> 22:57:44,600
now it's using cat3 because this is an
36269
22:57:45,440 --> 22:57:46,440
older form
36270
22:57:46,872 --> 22:57:47,872
uh it connects via a modem and the other
36271
22:57:49,600 --> 22:57:50,600
thing is you have to have software that
36272
22:57:52,480 --> 22:57:53,480
builds that supports the modem supports
36273
22:57:54,960 --> 22:57:55,960
dialing in most of the time in fact i
36274
22:57:58,080 --> 22:57:59,080
would be willing to say 100 of the time
36275
22:58:00,480 --> 22:58:01,480
operating systems are now building that
36276
22:58:02,160 --> 22:58:03,160
into their um
36277
22:58:04,552 --> 22:58:05,552
into the services that they provide so
36278
22:58:06,480 --> 22:58:07,480
that's dial up older dialing up over
36279
22:58:09,120 --> 22:58:10,120
pots or pstn
36280
22:58:11,040 --> 22:58:12,040
all right isdn or the integrated
36281
22:58:13,120 --> 22:58:14,120
services digital network this was a
36282
22:58:15,512 --> 22:58:16,512
digital technology and remember potts
36283
22:58:18,160 --> 22:58:19,160
analog
36284
22:58:19,120 --> 22:58:20,120
which was developed to combat the
36285
22:58:20,800 --> 22:58:21,800
limitations of the of the pstn or public
36286
22:58:23,440 --> 22:58:24,440
switch telephone network
36287
22:58:25,192 --> 22:58:26,192
it can send data
36288
22:58:26,960 --> 22:58:27,960
you can talk on the phone and you can
36289
22:58:28,720 --> 22:58:29,720
fax all on the same line so this was a
36290
22:58:31,040 --> 22:58:32,040
precursor
36291
22:58:32,400 --> 22:58:33,400
to dsl which is going to sort of split
36292
22:58:34,480 --> 22:58:35,480
the signal in a different way
36293
22:58:37,040 --> 22:58:38,040
it's not used as as often as cable
36294
22:58:39,280 --> 22:58:40,280
internet or fiber optic services but
36295
22:58:41,512 --> 22:58:42,512
some still will use isdn for fault
36296
22:58:44,320 --> 22:58:45,320
tolerant secondary connections
36297
22:58:47,280 --> 22:58:48,280
you do have a direct line to your
36298
22:58:49,192 --> 22:58:50,192
telephony service unlike dsl which is uh
36299
22:58:52,232 --> 22:58:53,232
using a slightly different um
36300
22:58:55,680 --> 22:58:56,680
could be having a shared line or could
36301
22:58:58,000 --> 22:58:59,000
have a a line that is dedicated but a
36302
22:59:01,192 --> 22:59:02,192
lot of times you will have this because
36303
22:59:02,872 --> 22:59:03,872
it's old's legacy and it's now for fault
36304
22:59:05,120 --> 22:59:06,120
tolerance and for additional internet
36305
22:59:07,512 --> 22:59:08,512
connections not for your primary
36306
22:59:09,760 --> 22:59:10,760
um it there are two different types of
36307
22:59:12,480 --> 22:59:13,480
isdn service you don't worry about
36308
22:59:14,720 --> 22:59:15,720
knowing these but i'm going to mention
36309
22:59:15,832 --> 22:59:16,832
them anyway so that you have the
36310
22:59:17,440 --> 22:59:18,440
knowledge there's the bir bri excuse me
36311
22:59:20,400 --> 22:59:21,400
which is the basic rate isdn which got
36312
22:59:22,640 --> 22:59:23,640
up to 128 kilobits per second again
36313
22:59:25,760 --> 22:59:26,760
maybe twice as fast as a regular modem
36314
22:59:28,160 --> 22:59:29,160
and it ran on a standard telephone wire
36315
22:59:30,552 --> 22:59:31,552
which was why it was so wonderful
36316
22:59:32,960 --> 22:59:33,960
the primary rate isdn bumped that speed
36317
22:59:35,920 --> 22:59:36,920
up quite a bit
36318
22:59:37,600 --> 22:59:38,600
but it ran on what's called a t1 circuit
36319
22:59:39,600 --> 22:59:40,600
which is a dedicated different type of
36320
22:59:41,440 --> 22:59:42,440
line has to be has to be run
36321
22:59:43,040 --> 22:59:44,040
specifically to your organization
36322
22:59:46,160 --> 22:59:47,160
again we saw these a lot 15 20 years ago
36323
22:59:48,872 --> 22:59:49,872
when uh big companies had broadband
36324
22:59:51,120 --> 22:59:52,120
internet but most of us at home still
36325
22:59:52,640 --> 22:59:53,640
had dial up nowadays isdn is sort of on
36326
22:59:55,440 --> 22:59:56,440
the outs it does require a special
36327
22:59:57,920 --> 22:59:58,920
device to negotiate between the analog
36328
23:00:01,040 --> 23:00:02,040
and digital in your home um
36329
23:00:04,160 --> 23:00:05,160
however you would be provided that by
36330
23:00:06,000 --> 23:00:07,000
the telephony service okay so just good
36331
23:00:08,320 --> 23:00:09,320
to know about isdn don't worry about
36332
23:00:12,080 --> 23:00:13,080
really learning it in depth because i
36333
23:00:14,160 --> 23:00:15,160
doubt you're going to see it on the test
36334
23:00:15,760 --> 23:00:16,760
in in
36335
23:00:16,872 --> 23:00:17,872
in too much depth
36336
23:00:19,600 --> 23:00:20,600
next is the dslr digital subscriber line
36337
23:00:22,720 --> 23:00:23,720
this builds on dial-up by providing a
36338
23:00:25,120 --> 23:00:26,120
digital data transmission over a phone
36339
23:00:27,512 --> 23:00:28,512
line at high speeds so it's sort of
36340
23:00:29,832 --> 23:00:30,832
building on where isdn left off
36341
23:00:32,400 --> 23:00:33,400
the dsl modem which is this thing
36342
23:00:35,440 --> 23:00:36,440
connects to a phone line
36343
23:00:37,360 --> 23:00:38,360
and then it has an adapter so if you can
36344
23:00:39,680 --> 23:00:40,680
imagine this goes to the phone line
36345
23:00:42,400 --> 23:00:43,400
and then there's another adapter that
36346
23:00:44,480 --> 23:00:45,480
connects it to an rj45
36347
23:00:47,120 --> 23:00:48,120
and then what you can do is connect this
36348
23:00:49,360 --> 23:00:50,360
to a soho router
36349
23:00:52,232 --> 23:00:53,232
just like you do with your cable modem
36350
23:00:54,080 --> 23:00:55,080
and that allows you now to share with uh
36351
23:00:57,192 --> 23:00:58,192
all of the computers in your home
36352
23:00:58,720 --> 23:00:59,720
network
36353
23:01:01,280 --> 23:01:02,280
uh there are two different types the
36354
23:01:03,512 --> 23:01:04,512
first is a dsl or asymmetrical digital
36355
23:01:07,120 --> 23:01:08,120
subscriber line this can run on your
36356
23:01:08,960 --> 23:01:09,960
home telephone line but it's not as fast
36357
23:01:11,192 --> 23:01:12,192
as cable is going to be
36358
23:01:13,832 --> 23:01:14,832
on the other hand we have symmetrical
36359
23:01:15,760 --> 23:01:16,760
digital subscriber line which is
36360
23:01:17,120 --> 23:01:18,120
installed
36361
23:01:18,320 --> 23:01:19,320
as a separate line it's symmetrical to
36362
23:01:20,720 --> 23:01:21,720
the original line it's more expensive
36363
23:01:23,760 --> 23:01:24,760
but the data transfer rates are much
36364
23:01:26,000 --> 23:01:27,000
higher than on an a dsl again i would
36365
23:01:28,960 --> 23:01:29,960
not worry too much about these
36366
23:01:30,480 --> 23:01:31,480
distinctions
36367
23:01:31,760 --> 23:01:32,760
a dsl is what you're generally going to
36368
23:01:33,600 --> 23:01:34,600
have in your home
36369
23:01:34,960 --> 23:01:35,960
okay and sdsl is what we might see in a
36370
23:01:37,512 --> 23:01:38,512
business
36371
23:01:39,040 --> 23:01:40,040
because you can get higher speeds the
36372
23:01:41,760 --> 23:01:42,760
best thing about this is it's a little
36373
23:01:43,192 --> 23:01:44,192
more dedicated because it is installed
36374
23:01:45,280 --> 23:01:46,280
as a separate line so you're not sharing
36375
23:01:47,440 --> 23:01:48,440
anything with anyone else this is a
36376
23:01:49,120 --> 23:01:50,120
separate line dedicated to you into your
36377
23:01:51,512 --> 23:01:52,512
network
36378
23:01:53,512 --> 23:01:54,512
by the way the upload and download speed
36379
23:01:57,512 --> 23:01:58,512
are symmetrical
36380
23:01:59,192 --> 23:02:00,192
on sdsl which means that you're
36381
23:02:02,232 --> 23:02:03,232
basically
36382
23:02:04,480 --> 23:02:05,480
you're sharing the same thing a dslr
36383
23:02:06,720 --> 23:02:07,720
asymmetrical so you can generally
36384
23:02:09,040 --> 23:02:10,040
download faster than you can upload and
36385
23:02:11,680 --> 23:02:12,680
when we say download that's going to
36386
23:02:13,600 --> 23:02:14,600
your
36387
23:02:17,440 --> 23:02:18,440
computer whereas an upload is from your
36388
23:02:20,552 --> 23:02:21,552
computer okay
36389
23:02:25,440 --> 23:02:26,440
symmetrical means that you're getting
36390
23:02:27,192 --> 23:02:28,192
the same speeds on both
36391
23:02:33,760 --> 23:02:34,760
all right cable internet broadband cable
36392
23:02:36,552 --> 23:02:37,552
it's used for internet cable and tv
36393
23:02:39,920 --> 23:02:40,920
um it offers high higher speeds than dsl
36394
23:02:43,512 --> 23:02:44,512
you can start it sort of five to 15
36395
23:02:45,680 --> 23:02:46,680
megabits per second sometimes they have
36396
23:02:47,192 --> 23:02:48,192
these booster systems that bump it up to
36397
23:02:49,120 --> 23:02:50,120
like 50 megabits per second what that
36398
23:02:51,360 --> 23:02:52,360
does is simply it gives you more
36399
23:02:54,552 --> 23:02:55,552
of the bandwidth and takes some from
36400
23:02:56,160 --> 23:02:57,160
your neighbors
36401
23:02:57,600 --> 23:02:58,600
uh it uses coaxial copper cabling back
36402
23:03:00,640 --> 23:03:01,640
here which then you can see this is the
36403
23:03:02,400 --> 23:03:03,400
cat5 wire
36404
23:03:03,920 --> 23:03:04,920
and then you can probably see right here
36405
23:03:05,360 --> 23:03:06,360
looks like the
36406
23:03:06,872 --> 23:03:07,872
cable the coaxial okay so you have a cap
36407
23:03:10,080 --> 23:03:11,080
a coaxial going in and a cat5 going out
36408
23:03:13,920 --> 23:03:14,920
by the way the difference between dsl is
36409
23:03:17,192 --> 23:03:18,192
uh
36410
23:03:18,080 --> 23:03:19,080
with cable you're sharing your bandwidth
36411
23:03:20,800 --> 23:03:21,800
so if you have up to 15 megabits per
36412
23:03:22,720 --> 23:03:23,720
second you're sharing that with your
36413
23:03:24,320 --> 23:03:25,320
neighbors so if 10 of your neighbors are
36414
23:03:26,000 --> 23:03:27,000
on at any one time then you're sharing
36415
23:03:27,920 --> 23:03:28,920
with 10 of your neighbors as opposed to
36416
23:03:29,360 --> 23:03:30,360
dsl which is direct you're not sharing
36417
23:03:32,000 --> 23:03:33,000
with the neighbors in the same way
36418
23:03:35,040 --> 23:03:36,040
fiber optics it's sort of getting a lot
36419
23:03:37,120 --> 23:03:38,120
faster now i'm sorry a lot more popular
36420
23:03:39,832 --> 23:03:40,832
obviously it runs much higher data
36421
23:03:41,920 --> 23:03:42,920
transfer than
36422
23:03:44,080 --> 23:03:45,080
cable does and dsl it's not as
36423
23:03:46,720 --> 23:03:47,720
widespread as dsl and standard cable
36424
23:03:49,120 --> 23:03:50,120
because you need to make upgrades in
36425
23:03:51,192 --> 23:03:52,192
infrastructure and in some cases the
36426
23:03:53,120 --> 23:03:54,120
companies just haven't done that yet a
36427
23:03:55,120 --> 23:03:56,120
great example by the way of this would
36428
23:03:56,552 --> 23:03:57,552
be like fios is a great example of a
36429
23:04:00,400 --> 23:04:01,400
of a um
36430
23:04:02,080 --> 23:04:03,080
fiber optic
36431
23:04:03,360 --> 23:04:04,360
setup and what they're doing here by the
36432
23:04:04,960 --> 23:04:05,960
way is this is on the outside there is a
36433
23:04:07,120 --> 23:04:08,120
fiber optic connection coming in and
36434
23:04:09,600 --> 23:04:10,600
then um
36435
23:04:11,440 --> 23:04:12,440
it is divided up and sent out
36436
23:04:14,160 --> 23:04:15,160
in a
36437
23:04:15,512 --> 23:04:16,512
connection
36438
23:04:17,360 --> 23:04:18,360
in a a
36439
23:04:19,040 --> 23:04:20,040
cat5 connection
36440
23:04:20,872 --> 23:04:21,872
so verizon fios is sort of the best
36441
23:04:22,872 --> 23:04:23,872
example of this again it's not it's not
36442
23:04:25,360 --> 23:04:26,360
point to point fiber optics you're not
36443
23:04:27,280 --> 23:04:28,280
getting fiber optics everywhere what
36444
23:04:29,280 --> 23:04:30,280
you're doing is the fiber optics is in
36445
23:04:31,440 --> 23:04:32,440
the main central area and then they're
36446
23:04:33,920 --> 23:04:34,920
using copper cabling that's already
36447
23:04:35,440 --> 23:04:36,440
pre-existing to get that to your home so
36448
23:04:37,600 --> 23:04:38,600
you're not getting the full benefits of
36449
23:04:39,120 --> 23:04:40,120
the fiber optics i just want to make
36450
23:04:40,400 --> 23:04:41,400
that clear you're getting
36451
23:04:42,000 --> 23:04:43,000
half of the benefits
36452
23:04:46,080 --> 23:04:47,080
satellite uses this antenna or a
36453
23:04:48,232 --> 23:04:49,232
satellite dish to connect via line of
36454
23:04:50,720 --> 23:04:51,720
sight so you this has to be basically
36455
23:04:53,120 --> 23:04:54,120
within a couple degrees of the of
36456
23:04:55,040 --> 23:04:56,040
satellite up in the
36457
23:04:56,552 --> 23:04:57,552
um
36458
23:04:58,640 --> 23:04:59,640
up in the sky it's usually used in
36459
23:05:01,192 --> 23:05:02,192
places where you cannot get internet
36460
23:05:04,480 --> 23:05:05,480
uh from dial-up or from landline access
36461
23:05:08,080 --> 23:05:09,080
so it's really if you're in the middle
36462
23:05:10,160 --> 23:05:11,160
of the woods or the middle of the desert
36463
23:05:11,760 --> 23:05:12,760
or something then you're probably going
36464
23:05:13,600 --> 23:05:14,600
to want to go to satellite internet
36465
23:05:16,160 --> 23:05:17,160
it's
36466
23:05:17,440 --> 23:05:18,440
uses basically what happens is this
36467
23:05:19,760 --> 23:05:20,760
antenna
36468
23:05:21,192 --> 23:05:22,192
or a satellite dish
36469
23:05:23,120 --> 23:05:24,120
connects with a
36470
23:05:25,192 --> 23:05:26,192
satellite that is orbiting around the
36471
23:05:27,280 --> 23:05:28,280
world 22 000 miles above earth
36472
23:05:30,872 --> 23:05:31,872
and
36473
23:05:31,920 --> 23:05:32,920
these speeds are generally just as fast
36474
23:05:35,280 --> 23:05:36,280
as today as you know cable dsl the
36475
23:05:38,160 --> 23:05:39,160
reason we don't use them generally
36476
23:05:40,720 --> 23:05:41,720
is
36477
23:05:41,680 --> 23:05:42,680
it's hard to get
36478
23:05:43,920 --> 23:05:44,920
upload and download at the same time so
36479
23:05:46,320 --> 23:05:47,320
generally speaking you might have to
36480
23:05:47,920 --> 23:05:48,920
have a separate connection for your
36481
23:05:49,832 --> 23:05:50,832
uploads because this is getting data
36482
23:05:51,680 --> 23:05:52,680
down
36483
23:05:52,800 --> 23:05:53,800
from the satellite but you can't really
36484
23:05:54,960 --> 23:05:55,960
send it back to the satellite that would
36485
23:05:56,480 --> 23:05:57,480
make
36486
23:05:57,600 --> 23:05:58,600
that might be a little ridiculous so
36487
23:06:00,400 --> 23:06:01,400
sometimes you have to have a separate
36488
23:06:02,232 --> 23:06:03,232
landline to feed out
36489
23:06:04,640 --> 23:06:05,640
to the server and then that tells it
36490
23:06:06,320 --> 23:06:07,320
what to send down to you uh the other
36491
23:06:08,400 --> 23:06:09,400
reason is it's much more expensive and
36492
23:06:10,480 --> 23:06:11,480
it's res
36493
23:06:11,512 --> 23:06:12,512
it has a lot more susceptibility to sort
36494
23:06:14,160 --> 23:06:15,160
of changes in weather
36495
23:06:17,120 --> 23:06:18,120
it's also open to electrical natural
36496
23:06:19,120 --> 23:06:20,120
interference it's also the highest
36497
23:06:21,600 --> 23:06:22,600
latency of any technology i mean it's
36498
23:06:23,360 --> 23:06:24,360
going to be the slow it can have the
36499
23:06:25,760 --> 23:06:26,760
slowest
36500
23:06:26,960 --> 23:06:27,960
or the most opposition to that data
36501
23:06:29,760 --> 23:06:30,760
coming towards you
36502
23:06:33,360 --> 23:06:34,360
all right worldwide interoperability for
36503
23:06:36,000 --> 23:06:37,000
microwave access otherwise known as ymax
36504
23:06:40,080 --> 23:06:41,080
this is a wireless technology that
36505
23:06:42,400 --> 23:06:43,400
offers high-speed connections similar to
36506
23:06:44,640 --> 23:06:45,640
satellite except it doesn't require a
36507
23:06:46,480 --> 23:06:47,480
line of sight
36508
23:06:48,320 --> 23:06:49,320
if you've heard of 4g
36509
23:06:51,192 --> 23:06:52,192
one of the 4g types is a ymax 4g
36510
23:06:54,960 --> 23:06:55,960
nowadays lte has sort of taken over at
36511
23:06:57,360 --> 23:06:58,360
least in the united states market as the
36512
23:06:59,760 --> 23:07:00,760
popular brand but i'm mentioning wimax
36513
23:07:01,600 --> 23:07:02,600
because it it still exists in some areas
36514
23:07:04,552 --> 23:07:05,552
it covers a much larger distance than
36515
23:07:06,720 --> 23:07:07,720
standard wi-fi so instead of having
36516
23:07:09,040 --> 23:07:10,040
wi-fi which is going to be what a
36517
23:07:11,120 --> 23:07:12,120
certain amount of meters
36518
23:07:13,920 --> 23:07:14,920
this can get up to around 50 kilometers
36519
23:07:16,480 --> 23:07:17,480
so you're getting a huge distance
36520
23:07:19,512 --> 23:07:20,512
connecting to this and the benefit then
36521
23:07:22,320 --> 23:07:23,320
is that you have your own modem on your
36522
23:07:24,552 --> 23:07:25,552
laptop or you have your own gateway
36523
23:07:26,400 --> 23:07:27,400
device just like a cable modem that you
36524
23:07:27,920 --> 23:07:28,920
would put in your home but instead of it
36525
23:07:29,832 --> 23:07:30,832
connecting through a cable wire a dsl
36526
23:07:31,832 --> 23:07:32,832
connection it connects wirelessly and
36527
23:07:34,480 --> 23:07:35,480
then you can feed off that connection
36528
23:07:36,320 --> 23:07:37,320
because it's so fast you're not going to
36529
23:07:38,552 --> 23:07:39,552
notice a difference and the idea is buy
36530
23:07:40,552 --> 23:07:41,552
this instead of a cable modem because
36531
23:07:42,552 --> 23:07:43,552
now you can just get all of your
36532
23:07:44,480 --> 23:07:45,480
internet
36533
23:07:45,920 --> 23:07:46,920
from us and you'll have it no matter
36534
23:07:48,000 --> 23:07:49,000
where you are
36535
23:07:49,280 --> 23:07:50,280
the issue is it's a little more
36536
23:07:50,552 --> 23:07:51,552
expensive and again it hasn't been
36537
23:07:52,800 --> 23:07:53,800
marketed so well uh that it's still in
36538
23:07:55,760 --> 23:07:56,760
business a lot of the companies that are
36539
23:07:57,920 --> 23:07:58,920
we're sort of forcing up wimax and also
36540
23:08:00,480 --> 23:08:01,480
it's only available in certain markets
36541
23:08:02,320 --> 23:08:03,320
so if you're you travel from your
36542
23:08:04,872 --> 23:08:05,872
metropolitan area in new york to
36543
23:08:07,440 --> 23:08:08,440
you know some small town in kansas
36544
23:08:10,232 --> 23:08:11,232
you're not going to have internet access
36545
23:08:13,360 --> 23:08:14,360
so as i said common in urban areas and
36546
23:08:16,160 --> 23:08:17,160
it's marketed directly as a a competitor
36547
23:08:18,960 --> 23:08:19,960
one of the major
36548
23:08:20,552 --> 23:08:21,552
competitors right now trying to market
36549
23:08:22,400 --> 23:08:23,400
this as the clear network
36550
23:08:24,400 --> 23:08:25,400
saying that they had basically why get
36551
23:08:26,720 --> 23:08:27,720
time warner or optical uh or some sort
36552
23:08:29,760 --> 23:08:30,760
of cable internet when you can have
36553
23:08:31,440 --> 23:08:32,440
internet anywhere you are thanks to this
36554
23:08:33,280 --> 23:08:34,280
ymax access
36555
23:08:37,120 --> 23:08:38,120
so there it is
36556
23:08:39,120 --> 23:08:40,120
finally this is the one that's really
36557
23:08:40,800 --> 23:08:41,800
getting uh more popular now is cellular
36558
23:08:43,512 --> 23:08:44,512
this provides you access to the internet
36559
23:08:45,192 --> 23:08:46,192
from mobile devices and it uses several
36560
23:08:47,680 --> 23:08:48,680
different technologies
36561
23:08:49,512 --> 23:08:50,512
um gsm cdma gprs edge network the 3g
36562
23:08:54,080 --> 23:08:55,080
network 4g network etc now what's the
36563
23:08:56,552 --> 23:08:57,552
difference is between this and ymax is
36564
23:08:58,480 --> 23:08:59,480
simply the technology that's going on
36565
23:09:00,232 --> 23:09:01,232
above it
36566
23:09:01,280 --> 23:09:02,280
3g was short for third generation
36567
23:09:03,512 --> 23:09:04,512
communications and it enabled mobile
36568
23:09:05,760 --> 23:09:06,760
devices to really start getting faster
36569
23:09:07,440 --> 23:09:08,440
and faster data speeds over these which
36570
23:09:10,232 --> 23:09:11,232
were really much slower then we moved
36571
23:09:12,720 --> 23:09:13,720
into 4g which is fourth generation and
36572
23:09:15,192 --> 23:09:16,192
that has really created a much faster
36573
23:09:17,680 --> 23:09:18,680
and more secure solution so now you
36574
23:09:20,232 --> 23:09:21,232
don't have to be as worried about people
36575
23:09:21,832 --> 23:09:22,832
sneaking in to get your data if you're
36576
23:09:23,832 --> 23:09:24,832
connected to a 4g lte network now and
36577
23:09:27,192 --> 23:09:28,192
lte was a direct competitor to ymax now
36578
23:09:31,360 --> 23:09:32,360
lte is really winning out so the idea is
36579
23:09:33,920 --> 23:09:34,920
instead of getting ymax pay your cell
36580
23:09:36,720 --> 23:09:37,720
phone company or your mobile phone
36581
23:09:38,080 --> 23:09:39,080
company money
36582
23:09:39,760 --> 23:09:40,760
they'll give you extra data and now you
36583
23:09:41,280 --> 23:09:42,280
can use these which can become portable
36584
23:09:43,920 --> 23:09:44,920
hotspots now right portable hotspot
36585
23:09:47,040 --> 23:09:48,040
wi-fi devices
36586
23:09:51,832 --> 23:09:52,832
and now you can use that as an access
36587
23:09:53,440 --> 23:09:54,440
point connect up to your cellular
36588
23:09:54,872 --> 23:09:55,872
network and you're good to go
36589
23:09:57,832 --> 23:09:58,832
you can have up to 100 megabits per
36590
23:10:00,320 --> 23:10:01,320
second at a moving vehicle to maybe one
36591
23:10:03,120 --> 23:10:04,120
gigabit per second when you're
36592
23:10:04,480 --> 23:10:05,480
stationary i mean the the speed is
36593
23:10:06,400 --> 23:10:07,400
really incredible when you compare that
36594
23:10:08,320 --> 23:10:09,320
you're getting one gigabit from
36595
23:10:10,232 --> 23:10:11,232
uh a cat6 cable
36596
23:10:12,552 --> 23:10:13,552
okay
36597
23:10:14,160 --> 23:10:15,160
and 4g devices are available directly
36598
23:10:16,800 --> 23:10:17,800
for laptops and tablet computers built
36599
23:10:19,280 --> 23:10:20,280
into smartphones you can also buy usb
36600
23:10:22,232 --> 23:10:23,232
uh devices that plug into your laptop
36601
23:10:24,320 --> 23:10:25,320
and give you cellular internet access in
36602
23:10:26,480 --> 23:10:27,480
certain
36603
23:10:27,512 --> 23:10:28,512
certain times you can buy a computer
36604
23:10:29,760 --> 23:10:30,760
that has the cellular uh
36605
23:10:32,480 --> 23:10:33,480
capabilities built in although that has
36606
23:10:34,960 --> 23:10:35,960
not been as popular in recent days
36607
23:10:36,640 --> 23:10:37,640
because technology has been changing so
36608
23:10:38,640 --> 23:10:39,640
fast it's hard for the manufacturers to
36609
23:10:40,232 --> 23:10:41,232
keep up
36610
23:10:42,320 --> 23:10:43,320
all right so we talked about an isp or
36611
23:10:45,360 --> 23:10:46,360
internet
36612
23:10:47,512 --> 23:10:48,512
service
36613
23:10:50,000 --> 23:10:51,000
provider
36614
23:10:52,552 --> 23:10:53,552
we discussed dial-up which uses a modem
36615
23:10:56,232 --> 23:10:57,232
over the pots or pstn network we looked
36616
23:11:00,160 --> 23:11:01,160
at isdn which was a replacement
36617
23:11:04,872 --> 23:11:05,872
for pots pstn it's digital digital
36618
23:11:07,680 --> 23:11:08,680
subscriber line
36619
23:11:10,960 --> 23:11:11,960
just like the digital subscriber line
36620
23:11:12,640 --> 23:11:13,640
excuse me dsl right and uh digital
36621
23:11:15,760 --> 23:11:16,760
network
36622
23:11:16,800 --> 23:11:17,800
it allowed um
36623
23:11:18,800 --> 23:11:19,800
there were two different types the most
36624
23:11:20,872 --> 23:11:21,872
basic type allowed about 128 megabits
36625
23:11:23,512 --> 23:11:24,512
per second the next one was about 1.5
36626
23:11:25,512 --> 23:11:26,512
megabits per second not used so much
36627
23:11:27,832 --> 23:11:28,832
anymore been replaced by digital
36628
23:11:29,680 --> 23:11:30,680
subscriber lines also digital the most
36629
23:11:32,480 --> 23:11:33,480
common is a dsl which stands for
36630
23:11:34,552 --> 23:11:35,552
asynchronous
36631
23:11:36,872 --> 23:11:37,872
meaning that the upload and download
36632
23:11:38,552 --> 23:11:39,552
speeds are not the same
36633
23:11:40,800 --> 23:11:41,800
cable internet uses coaxial
36634
23:11:44,800 --> 23:11:45,800
the thing here is you're sharing your
36635
23:11:46,400 --> 23:11:47,400
bandwidth
36636
23:11:50,232 --> 23:11:51,232
with your neighbors
36637
23:11:54,552 --> 23:11:55,552
fiber optic again this is using light
36638
23:11:58,480 --> 23:11:59,480
or photons
36639
23:12:01,040 --> 23:12:02,040
when they talk about fiber optics
36640
23:12:02,320 --> 23:12:03,320
they're not talking point to point
36641
23:12:07,760 --> 23:12:08,760
what they're talking about is the
36642
23:12:08,960 --> 23:12:09,960
infrastructure behind it is now instead
36643
23:12:11,832 --> 23:12:12,832
of
36644
23:12:12,480 --> 23:12:13,480
copper is now a fiber optic satellite
36645
23:12:15,920 --> 23:12:16,920
uses uh a satellite dish
36646
23:12:20,872 --> 23:12:21,872
it needs line of sight
36647
23:12:26,872 --> 23:12:27,872
and it's usually for rural areas where
36648
23:12:28,800 --> 23:12:29,800
they don't have a landline
36649
23:12:30,872 --> 23:12:31,872
wimax is like the clear network the idea
36650
23:12:34,232 --> 23:12:35,232
is
36651
23:12:36,640 --> 23:12:37,640
wireless internet anywhere
36652
23:12:44,232 --> 23:12:45,232
it's specifically in urban areas right
36653
23:12:46,552 --> 23:12:47,552
now
36654
23:12:47,512 --> 23:12:48,512
and it has been competing
36655
23:12:51,440 --> 23:12:52,440
with 4g lte
36656
23:12:54,000 --> 23:12:55,000
finally we had cellular this is the same
36657
23:12:56,552 --> 23:12:57,552
as your mobile phone network
36658
23:13:00,000 --> 23:13:01,000
and this is where the market share is
36659
23:13:01,920 --> 23:13:02,920
heading
36660
23:13:06,232 --> 23:13:07,232
specifically because you can get
36661
23:13:07,600 --> 23:13:08,600
internet really anywhere that there's a
36662
23:13:08,960 --> 23:13:09,960
cell phone network
36663
23:13:10,640 --> 23:13:11,640
great all right so now we've talked
36664
23:13:12,320 --> 23:13:13,320
about internet service providers let's
36665
23:13:14,232 --> 23:13:15,232
keep
36666
23:13:15,440 --> 23:13:16,440
going on by talking about uh some more
36667
23:13:17,440 --> 23:13:18,440
networking
36668
23:13:18,552 --> 23:13:19,552
um
36669
23:13:20,080 --> 23:13:21,080
by talking about uh configuring a
36670
23:13:22,720 --> 23:13:23,720
network
36671
23:13:24,080 --> 23:13:25,080
and setting it up
36672
23:13:28,990 --> 23:13:29,990
[Music]
36673
23:13:49,360 --> 23:13:50,360
networking network setup and
36674
23:13:51,760 --> 23:13:52,760
configuration
36675
23:13:53,760 --> 23:13:54,760
before we get into troubleshooting a
36676
23:13:55,440 --> 23:13:56,440
network and using all these
36677
23:13:56,960 --> 23:13:57,960
troubleshooting tools that we have to
36678
23:13:58,160 --> 23:13:59,160
know for the a plus exam we need to talk
36679
23:13:59,832 --> 23:14:00,832
about setting up the network and
36680
23:14:01,040 --> 23:14:02,040
configuring it for a specific
36681
23:14:02,640 --> 23:14:03,640
environment
36682
23:14:03,920 --> 23:14:04,920
in this lesson we're specifically going
36683
23:14:05,600 --> 23:14:06,600
to talk about soho environments or small
36684
23:14:08,160 --> 23:14:09,160
office home office which deal of course
36685
23:14:10,232 --> 23:14:11,232
with the soho router and so the first
36686
23:14:12,160 --> 23:14:13,160
part of this video is going to deal
36687
23:14:13,600 --> 23:14:14,600
specifically with considerations that
36688
23:14:15,280 --> 23:14:16,280
deal with that soho router we're then
36689
23:14:17,600 --> 23:14:18,600
also going to talk about setting up and
36690
23:14:19,040 --> 23:14:20,040
configuring other parts of the network
36691
23:14:21,192 --> 23:14:22,192
as we'll see and these all follow again
36692
23:14:23,600 --> 23:14:24,600
the a plus guidelines if we were getting
36693
23:14:25,512 --> 23:14:26,512
into more of an enterprise or corporate
36694
23:14:27,120 --> 23:14:28,120
environment we'd really be looking at
36695
23:14:29,192 --> 23:14:30,192
network plus and security plus so first
36696
23:14:31,512 --> 23:14:32,512
we're going to talk about soho routers
36697
23:14:33,440 --> 23:14:34,440
key to setting up a small office home
36698
23:14:36,080 --> 23:14:37,080
office network now these do several
36699
23:14:38,000 --> 23:14:39,000
things the first thing we talked about
36700
23:14:39,360 --> 23:14:40,360
is they are an access point or a
36701
23:14:41,120 --> 23:14:42,120
wireless access point and so we need to
36702
23:14:43,440 --> 23:14:44,440
discuss briefly the wireless standards
36703
23:14:46,320 --> 23:14:47,320
that exist
36704
23:14:47,512 --> 23:14:48,512
802.11 being the ieee wireless standard
36705
23:14:52,640 --> 23:14:53,640
we're then also going to look at port
36706
23:14:54,232 --> 23:14:55,232
forwarding and port triggering
36707
23:14:56,640 --> 23:14:57,640
because when two div
36708
23:14:58,800 --> 23:14:59,800
we know from ports and
36709
23:15:00,872 --> 23:15:01,872
talking about how tcp works that the ip
36710
23:15:03,680 --> 23:15:04,680
addresses act in order to
36711
23:15:06,000 --> 23:15:07,000
let two computers communicate but when
36712
23:15:08,080 --> 23:15:09,080
they're behind a router
36713
23:15:09,760 --> 23:15:10,760
that router has a public ip and a
36714
23:15:12,400 --> 23:15:13,400
private ip as we've discussed and
36715
23:15:14,720 --> 23:15:15,720
internal to the network on the lan there
36716
23:15:16,720 --> 23:15:17,720
are
36717
23:15:17,440 --> 23:15:18,440
perhaps 10 perhaps hundreds of private
36718
23:15:19,832 --> 23:15:20,832
ips and so in some cases we need to
36719
23:15:22,800 --> 23:15:23,800
allow the computers to deal with
36720
23:15:24,872 --> 23:15:25,872
individual ports
36721
23:15:26,800 --> 23:15:27,800
on the public side so we'll talk about
36722
23:15:28,872 --> 23:15:29,872
how
36723
23:15:30,080 --> 23:15:31,080
the router can forward
36724
23:15:32,232 --> 23:15:33,232
uh in one case the
36725
23:15:34,800 --> 23:15:35,800
port from the router from the public
36726
23:15:37,280 --> 23:15:38,280
side into the private side to a specific
36727
23:15:39,360 --> 23:15:40,360
computer as opposed to all of them and
36728
23:15:41,120 --> 23:15:42,120
then port triggering which allows an
36729
23:15:43,120 --> 23:15:44,120
internal computer to open up
36730
23:15:45,360 --> 23:15:46,360
automatically an external port when it
36731
23:15:48,080 --> 23:15:49,080
sends out information we'll look at
36732
23:15:49,760 --> 23:15:50,760
those a little more in depth we're also
36733
23:15:51,360 --> 23:15:52,360
going to look at something called nat
36734
23:15:52,720 --> 23:15:53,720
which i think we've mentioned
36735
23:15:54,320 --> 23:15:55,320
name
36736
23:15:55,832 --> 23:15:56,832
address
36737
23:15:58,552 --> 23:15:59,552
translation which serves a few purposes
36738
23:16:01,512 --> 23:16:02,512
again one of the things that a soho
36739
23:16:03,760 --> 23:16:04,760
router does
36740
23:16:05,040 --> 23:16:06,040
as opposed to different types of routers
36741
23:16:06,960 --> 23:16:07,960
not only allowing a public ip address to
36742
23:16:09,440 --> 23:16:10,440
be shared amongst several internal ip
36743
23:16:12,720 --> 23:16:13,720
address networks computers but also
36744
23:16:15,360 --> 23:16:16,360
allows
36745
23:16:16,400 --> 23:16:17,400
the security and safety of an internal
36746
23:16:18,400 --> 23:16:19,400
device by never revealing its actual ip
36747
23:16:21,192 --> 23:16:22,192
address we're also going to talk about
36748
23:16:22,872 --> 23:16:23,872
something called the dmz or
36749
23:16:24,720 --> 23:16:25,720
demilitarized
36750
23:16:27,040 --> 23:16:28,040
zone coming from the military sort of
36751
23:16:31,040 --> 23:16:32,040
terms there the
36752
23:16:32,552 --> 23:16:33,552
demilitarized zone is an area on the
36753
23:16:34,720 --> 23:16:35,720
network that's not quite
36754
23:16:36,640 --> 23:16:37,640
protected but is kind of protected and
36755
23:16:38,872 --> 23:16:39,872
we'll talk about the reasons for that
36756
23:16:40,872 --> 23:16:41,872
we're also going to look at quality of
36757
23:16:42,320 --> 23:16:43,320
service which again we did discuss when
36758
23:16:44,480 --> 23:16:45,480
we talked about voice over ip and then
36759
23:16:47,192 --> 23:16:48,192
wp
36760
23:16:48,400 --> 23:16:49,400
s which is wi-fi protected services a
36761
23:16:52,320 --> 23:16:53,320
way of setting up your wireless network
36762
23:16:54,640 --> 23:16:55,640
uh your wireless soho router
36763
23:16:58,080 --> 23:16:59,080
quickly and securely although it is
36764
23:17:00,160 --> 23:17:01,160
mostly out of favor these days because
36765
23:17:02,232 --> 23:17:03,232
it is not as secure as once thought
36766
23:17:04,320 --> 23:17:05,320
however i want to cover it in case it
36767
23:17:05,760 --> 23:17:06,760
does pop up in the exam
36768
23:17:07,440 --> 23:17:08,440
i haven't seen it pop up in the exam a
36769
23:17:08,720 --> 23:17:09,720
lot but it is on the outlines uh that
36770
23:17:10,800 --> 23:17:11,800
comptia likes you to go over
36771
23:17:12,552 --> 23:17:13,552
all right so then having talked about
36772
23:17:14,160 --> 23:17:15,160
the
36773
23:17:15,280 --> 23:17:16,280
soho routers and their um
36774
23:17:17,920 --> 23:17:18,920
uh configuration i want to talk about
36775
23:17:20,160 --> 23:17:21,160
the network cards and some of their
36776
23:17:21,832 --> 23:17:22,832
properties including the status lights
36777
23:17:23,440 --> 23:17:24,440
that you'll see on the back of a network
36778
23:17:24,800 --> 23:17:25,800
jack uh bandwidth and latency one going
36779
23:17:28,552 --> 23:17:29,552
hand in hand with the other bandwidth
36780
23:17:30,160 --> 23:17:31,160
being how much data is going across a
36781
23:17:33,360 --> 23:17:34,360
network card and latency being how much
36782
23:17:35,120 --> 23:17:36,120
is sort of lost or how slow it sort of
36783
23:17:37,832 --> 23:17:38,832
um starts to hit as it goes across that
36784
23:17:40,872 --> 23:17:41,872
area
36785
23:17:41,760 --> 23:17:42,760
and then duplex settings or half duplex
36786
23:17:44,160 --> 23:17:45,160
settings so either full or half duplex
36787
23:17:46,480 --> 23:17:47,480
which
36788
23:17:47,832 --> 23:17:48,832
determines how data is communicated
36789
23:17:50,000 --> 23:17:51,000
whether it can be sent and received at
36790
23:17:52,080 --> 23:17:53,080
the same time or not
36791
23:17:54,400 --> 23:17:55,400
then we're going to look at network
36792
23:17:55,440 --> 23:17:56,440
configurations including a couple
36793
23:17:57,192 --> 23:17:58,192
different things we've talked about
36794
23:17:58,872 --> 23:17:59,872
briefly at other points uh wol or wake
36795
23:18:02,720 --> 23:18:03,720
on lan allows a computer be remotely
36796
23:18:05,440 --> 23:18:06,440
woken up from sleep um over the internet
36797
23:18:08,160 --> 23:18:09,160
or over the network rather power over
36798
23:18:10,640 --> 23:18:11,640
ethernet which allows us to power
36799
23:18:13,192 --> 23:18:14,192
devices using only an ethernet cord much
36800
23:18:16,400 --> 23:18:17,400
like usb devices are powered only by
36801
23:18:18,552 --> 23:18:19,552
their usb cord and we're going to talk
36802
23:18:20,800 --> 23:18:21,800
about three
36803
23:18:22,000 --> 23:18:23,000
uh
36804
23:18:22,872 --> 23:18:23,872
three items one a work group which is a
36805
23:18:25,192 --> 23:18:26,192
peer-to-peer network type uh in
36806
23:18:28,232 --> 23:18:29,232
small office home office settings home
36807
23:18:30,232 --> 23:18:31,232
groups geared more towards the home user
36808
23:18:32,000 --> 23:18:33,000
also allowing you to
36809
23:18:33,440 --> 23:18:34,440
share um
36810
23:18:35,280 --> 23:18:36,280
files media etc and then domains used
36811
23:18:38,640 --> 23:18:39,640
mostly in server sort of networks or
36812
23:18:41,280 --> 23:18:42,280
large enterprises office settings
36813
23:18:44,000 --> 23:18:45,000
has a server client model so instead of
36814
23:18:46,872 --> 23:18:47,872
these two which we would consider
36815
23:18:48,480 --> 23:18:49,480
peer-to-peer meaning each computer
36816
23:18:52,720 --> 23:18:53,720
is also
36817
23:18:54,320 --> 23:18:55,320
a server and a client it serves up data
36818
23:18:56,800 --> 23:18:57,800
and receives data from other computers
36819
23:18:59,192 --> 23:19:00,192
the domain
36820
23:19:00,480 --> 23:19:01,480
setup means the domain is a server you
36821
23:19:02,872 --> 23:19:03,872
have one centralized location in which
36822
23:19:04,960 --> 23:19:05,960
all of your resources are held and where
36823
23:19:07,120 --> 23:19:08,120
everyone is authenticated and then you
36824
23:19:09,192 --> 23:19:10,192
have client computers again used mostly
36825
23:19:12,000 --> 23:19:13,000
in a
36826
23:19:13,832 --> 23:19:14,832
large environment
36827
23:19:15,680 --> 23:19:16,680
setup
36828
23:19:18,400 --> 23:19:19,400
we're also going to talk about locations
36829
23:19:20,320 --> 23:19:21,320
uh which allows you to configure your
36830
23:19:23,040 --> 23:19:24,040
windows computer so that depending on
36831
23:19:25,440 --> 23:19:26,440
where you're at it can pick up different
36832
23:19:27,440 --> 23:19:28,440
information for instance if i have a
36833
23:19:28,872 --> 23:19:29,872
laptop and bring it to the office and at
36834
23:19:30,400 --> 23:19:31,400
home they're both going to have
36835
23:19:31,360 --> 23:19:32,360
different network configurations i might
36836
23:19:33,680 --> 23:19:34,680
have to configure locations makes that
36837
23:19:35,760 --> 23:19:36,760
an easy switch to make
36838
23:19:38,320 --> 23:19:39,320
finally i'm going to talk about sharing
36839
23:19:39,832 --> 23:19:40,832
resources and i don't mean the resources
36840
23:19:42,160 --> 23:19:43,160
that allow sharing i mean actually
36841
23:19:43,760 --> 23:19:44,760
sharing out data
36842
23:19:45,760 --> 23:19:46,760
this would include mapping drives so
36843
23:19:47,760 --> 23:19:48,760
that they seem like a local hard drive
36844
23:19:49,600 --> 23:19:50,600
on your computer although they're a
36845
23:19:50,872 --> 23:19:51,872
network drive
36846
23:19:52,160 --> 23:19:53,160
vpns or virtual private networks which
36847
23:19:55,120 --> 23:19:56,120
allow you to have a virtual private
36848
23:19:57,040 --> 23:19:58,040
network over a large public network such
36849
23:19:59,120 --> 23:20:00,120
as the internet and are used in a lot of
36850
23:20:01,512 --> 23:20:02,512
corporate settings um
36851
23:20:04,160 --> 23:20:05,160
large uh companies use them and you can
36852
23:20:06,232 --> 23:20:07,232
even use them at home basically it makes
36853
23:20:08,480 --> 23:20:09,480
it seem as though you are sitting in
36854
23:20:10,400 --> 23:20:11,400
your office even when you are someplace
36855
23:20:12,400 --> 23:20:13,400
else
36856
23:20:14,080 --> 23:20:15,080
okay so let's start with talking about
36857
23:20:15,832 --> 23:20:16,832
this soho router right here uh we know
36858
23:20:18,640 --> 23:20:19,640
that most soho routers because you can
36859
23:20:20,800 --> 23:20:21,800
purchase them at a store plug them in
36860
23:20:22,480 --> 23:20:23,480
and go are plug and play once you plug
36861
23:20:25,192 --> 23:20:26,192
up you're ready to work you don't have
36862
23:20:27,120 --> 23:20:28,120
to really do anything to them this means
36863
23:20:29,680 --> 23:20:30,680
that computers can be plugged in or can
36864
23:20:31,760 --> 23:20:32,760
be wirelessly connected and can
36865
23:20:33,360 --> 23:20:34,360
communicate and access the internet
36866
23:20:35,920 --> 23:20:36,920
also it also means that the
36867
23:20:39,920 --> 23:20:40,920
soho router has a built-in dhcp server
36868
23:20:42,960 --> 23:20:43,960
so that when those computers plug into
36869
23:20:45,280 --> 23:20:46,280
this router generally through one of
36870
23:20:47,120 --> 23:20:48,120
these i'm guessing this one looks a
36871
23:20:49,040 --> 23:20:50,040
little separated so i'm guessing this
36872
23:20:50,872 --> 23:20:51,872
goes to the internet
36873
23:20:52,552 --> 23:20:53,552
what we'd call the wan connection um
36874
23:20:55,760 --> 23:20:56,760
that
36875
23:20:56,960 --> 23:20:57,960
it's automatically going to assign these
36876
23:20:58,800 --> 23:20:59,800
an ip address and so that means that the
36877
23:21:01,120 --> 23:21:02,120
router has built into it a dhcp server
36878
23:21:04,552 --> 23:21:05,552
right so just so we're we remember this
36879
23:21:06,800 --> 23:21:07,800
has a dhcp server a wireless access
36880
23:21:09,920 --> 23:21:10,920
point built in it also has network
36881
23:21:12,400 --> 23:21:13,400
address translation which we are going
36882
23:21:14,232 --> 23:21:15,232
to talk about and a couple other things
36883
23:21:16,872 --> 23:21:17,872
as well
36884
23:21:17,760 --> 23:21:18,760
uh what this also means though is that
36885
23:21:19,360 --> 23:21:20,360
the router is set up by default over
36886
23:21:21,440 --> 23:21:22,440
this connection to pick up an ip address
36887
23:21:24,552 --> 23:21:25,552
from the
36888
23:21:25,680 --> 23:21:26,680
internet service provider so
36889
23:21:28,640 --> 23:21:29,640
you pull information
36890
23:21:31,120 --> 23:21:32,120
uh just like a computer is going to pull
36891
23:21:33,360 --> 23:21:34,360
information from the router to get out
36892
23:21:35,280 --> 23:21:36,280
on the internet the router is
36893
23:21:36,960 --> 23:21:37,960
automatically configured to pull
36894
23:21:38,160 --> 23:21:39,160
information from an isp such as your
36895
23:21:40,720 --> 23:21:41,720
cable modem or dsl
36896
23:21:43,360 --> 23:21:44,360
so that it can get out to the network
36897
23:21:44,872 --> 23:21:45,872
and allow all the other devices out on
36898
23:21:46,232 --> 23:21:47,232
the network
36899
23:21:48,000 --> 23:21:49,000
all right so here we're looking at the
36900
23:21:49,512 --> 23:21:50,512
web
36901
23:21:50,480 --> 23:21:51,480
configuration portal of a router
36902
23:21:53,600 --> 23:21:54,600
and one thing i want to point out
36903
23:21:55,040 --> 23:21:56,040
immediately and this will come back up
36904
23:21:56,720 --> 23:21:57,720
when we talk about security but it's
36905
23:21:58,552 --> 23:21:59,552
also really important to mention up
36906
23:21:59,920 --> 23:22:00,920
front is that you don't want to use the
36907
23:22:01,280 --> 23:22:02,280
default settings since they are by
36908
23:22:03,192 --> 23:22:04,192
default very insecure right if you
36909
23:22:05,680 --> 23:22:06,680
imagine this is something that's going
36910
23:22:07,040 --> 23:22:08,040
to allow me to set up almost
36911
23:22:08,872 --> 23:22:09,872
instantaneously in a plug-and-play
36912
23:22:10,480 --> 23:22:11,480
fashion you can also imagine that the
36913
23:22:12,552 --> 23:22:13,552
settings are going to be the same on
36914
23:22:14,080 --> 23:22:15,080
probably thousands and millions of these
36915
23:22:16,080 --> 23:22:17,080
devices that go out there and so if i'm
36916
23:22:18,720 --> 23:22:19,720
using uh if i can pick up the manual for
36917
23:22:21,192 --> 23:22:22,192
one and you haven't changed any of the
36918
23:22:22,960 --> 23:22:23,960
default settings then i can get access
36919
23:22:24,720 --> 23:22:25,720
to your internet into your network so
36920
23:22:27,440 --> 23:22:28,440
what we want to do is log into the
36921
23:22:29,040 --> 23:22:30,040
router to make some changes and we do
36922
23:22:30,960 --> 23:22:31,960
this via the web interface so for
36923
23:22:32,872 --> 23:22:33,872
instance if this link says
36924
23:22:37,680 --> 23:22:38,680
is a
36925
23:22:39,320 --> 23:22:40,320
192.168.1.1 we can open a browser window
36926
23:22:42,160 --> 23:22:43,160
such as internet explorer google chrome
36927
23:22:44,080 --> 23:22:45,080
whatever it is and we type this in
36928
23:22:47,680 --> 23:22:48,680
and what it does is it finds port 80 on
36929
23:22:50,960 --> 23:22:51,960
that router which has a bit of firmware
36930
23:22:53,120 --> 23:22:54,120
already installed and that allows a web
36931
23:22:55,600 --> 23:22:56,600
page looking thing to pop up on our
36932
23:22:57,440 --> 23:22:58,440
computer now what this web page does is
36933
23:22:59,360 --> 23:23:00,360
it gives us access to the
36934
23:23:02,480 --> 23:23:03,480
to the inside of the router
36935
23:23:05,280 --> 23:23:06,280
and so we can make start making changes
36936
23:23:07,280 --> 23:23:08,280
as you can see here
36937
23:23:08,872 --> 23:23:09,872
right so instead of a more advanced soho
36938
23:23:11,120 --> 23:23:12,120
router we might have to log in using a
36939
23:23:13,512 --> 23:23:14,512
terminal such as telnet or ssh but in
36940
23:23:16,640 --> 23:23:17,640
this case we can do it directly through
36941
23:23:19,360 --> 23:23:20,360
a browser
36942
23:23:22,800 --> 23:23:23,800
so let's look at some of the settings in
36943
23:23:24,800 --> 23:23:25,800
here that we have the first thing i want
36944
23:23:26,552 --> 23:23:27,552
to talk about and probably the reason
36945
23:23:28,480 --> 23:23:29,480
most people buy these soho routers is to
36946
23:23:30,480 --> 23:23:31,480
get the wireless access and there's
36947
23:23:32,480 --> 23:23:33,480
usually a wireless tab to control this
36948
23:23:34,552 --> 23:23:35,552
stuff now there's a couple things we
36949
23:23:36,320 --> 23:23:37,320
need to know about wireless which is
36950
23:23:38,000 --> 23:23:39,000
also known as wi-fi or wireless lan or
36951
23:23:41,120 --> 23:23:42,120
wlan
36952
23:23:42,552 --> 23:23:43,552
first of all ieee the same company that
36953
23:23:45,512 --> 23:23:46,512
came up with the 1394 standard for
36954
23:23:47,760 --> 23:23:48,760
firewire and so forth developed
36955
23:23:50,600 --> 23:23:51,600
802.11x series of protocols or standards
36956
23:23:54,440 --> 23:23:55,440
802.11x stands for the wi-fi standards
36957
23:23:57,832 --> 23:23:58,832
okay so 802.3 i believe is the ethernet
36958
23:24:01,040 --> 23:24:02,040
standards that's for plugging in
36959
23:24:02,800 --> 23:24:03,800
directly uh and so that everyone who
36960
23:24:05,280 --> 23:24:06,280
made a device that's going to plug into
36961
23:24:07,440 --> 23:24:08,440
your net into your computer or into your
36962
23:24:09,280 --> 23:24:10,280
network uh has similar standards so that
36963
23:24:11,760 --> 23:24:12,760
your friend can come over and plug into
36964
23:24:13,120 --> 23:24:14,120
your network likewise a wireless
36965
23:24:16,320 --> 23:24:17,320
wi-fi standard 802.11 allows any
36966
23:24:19,440 --> 23:24:20,440
computer
36967
23:24:20,640 --> 23:24:21,640
to make its own
36968
23:24:22,400 --> 23:24:23,400
wireless card or have its own wireless
36969
23:24:24,232 --> 23:24:25,232
connection and you can connect to it
36970
23:24:25,920 --> 23:24:26,920
because it's all standardized now there
36971
23:24:27,760 --> 23:24:28,760
are a couple different ones you need to
36972
23:24:29,040 --> 23:24:30,040
know for the exam there's 80211 a b
36973
23:24:32,720 --> 23:24:33,720
g and n if we look over here wireless
36974
23:24:35,280 --> 23:24:36,280
network mode
36975
23:24:37,360 --> 23:24:38,360
you'll see it says mixed that's because
36976
23:24:40,552 --> 23:24:41,552
it probably uses a mixture of these if
36977
23:24:42,640 --> 23:24:43,640
you imagine b was the first one to come
36978
23:24:44,552 --> 23:24:45,552
out and then g came out after that this
36979
23:24:46,872 --> 23:24:47,872
by the way looks like a g router so if
36980
23:24:49,360 --> 23:24:50,360
i'm using a g router but i have a older
36981
23:24:51,832 --> 23:24:52,832
computer with a 80211b network card i
36982
23:24:54,800 --> 23:24:55,800
want to make sure they work together and
36983
23:24:56,320 --> 23:24:57,320
so running in mixed mode allows that
36984
23:24:58,480 --> 23:24:59,480
it's usually backwards compatible so uh
36985
23:25:01,512 --> 23:25:02,512
if i'm running a b router i can't expect
36986
23:25:03,920 --> 23:25:04,920
it to work with a g network card but if
36987
23:25:06,552 --> 23:25:07,552
i'm using a g or an n router n being the
36988
23:25:09,280 --> 23:25:10,280
newest one
36989
23:25:10,800 --> 23:25:11,800
then 802.11 g is going to work fine as
36990
23:25:14,640 --> 23:25:15,640
long as i work on uh mixed mode now one
36991
23:25:16,960 --> 23:25:17,960
thing i have to watch out for is that if
36992
23:25:18,552 --> 23:25:19,552
i'm running on mixed mode it also
36993
23:25:20,000 --> 23:25:21,000
probably means that i'm not working at
36994
23:25:21,832 --> 23:25:22,832
the standard that i want to be working
36995
23:25:24,400 --> 23:25:25,400
at
36996
23:25:26,872 --> 23:25:27,872
so the speed's not going to be as high
36997
23:25:28,640 --> 23:25:29,640
the security might not be as wonderful
36998
23:25:30,232 --> 23:25:31,232
and so what you want to do if possible
36999
23:25:32,160 --> 23:25:33,160
is try not to work in mixed mode however
37000
23:25:34,800 --> 23:25:35,800
mixed mode generally speaking makes it
37001
23:25:36,552 --> 23:25:37,552
easier for interoperability
37002
23:25:39,600 --> 23:25:40,600
now the other thing you'll notice is
37003
23:25:40,960 --> 23:25:41,960
right below i'm just going to erase
37004
23:25:42,400 --> 23:25:43,400
everything right below this you see
37005
23:25:44,872 --> 23:25:45,872
i have what's called a wireless channel
37006
23:25:46,800 --> 23:25:47,800
and something
37007
23:25:48,400 --> 23:25:49,400
that allows for
37008
23:25:51,600 --> 23:25:52,600
me to disable a wireless ssid broadcast
37009
23:25:54,160 --> 23:25:55,160
we'll talk about the ssid in one second
37010
23:25:56,080 --> 23:25:57,080
but let's talk about this channel first
37011
23:25:57,920 --> 23:25:58,920
there are 11 channels or 10 channels
37012
23:26:00,640 --> 23:26:01,640
ranging from 1 to 11 that you can run
37013
23:26:03,120 --> 23:26:04,120
now they run on either a 2.4 gigahertz
37014
23:26:05,360 --> 23:26:06,360
or a 5 gigahertz frequency so if you
37015
23:26:07,680 --> 23:26:08,680
imagine a walkie-talkie or a cb radio or
37016
23:26:10,160 --> 23:26:11,160
something like the police are going to
37017
23:26:11,360 --> 23:26:12,360
use what they can do is they're talking
37018
23:26:13,280 --> 23:26:14,280
on one frequency but they can change
37019
23:26:15,512 --> 23:26:16,512
channels
37020
23:26:16,552 --> 23:26:17,552
so what we're doing is we're talking on
37021
23:26:18,160 --> 23:26:19,160
one frequency but we're using one
37022
23:26:19,832 --> 23:26:20,832
channel in that frequency you can
37023
23:26:21,920 --> 23:26:22,920
imagine that
37024
23:26:23,280 --> 23:26:24,280
one frequency has several different
37025
23:26:25,120 --> 23:26:26,120
channels and you can choose a specific
37026
23:26:27,512 --> 23:26:28,512
one to use etcetera etcetera now the
37027
23:26:29,680 --> 23:26:30,680
most common are 1 6 and 11.
37028
23:26:32,720 --> 23:26:33,720
so we're generally going to see those
37029
23:26:34,000 --> 23:26:35,000
used sometimes this will also say auto
37030
23:26:35,680 --> 23:26:36,680
select which will mean it's going to
37031
23:26:37,512 --> 23:26:38,512
select a channel that is not being used
37032
23:26:40,640 --> 23:26:41,640
by other people around you of course uh
37033
23:26:43,360 --> 23:26:44,360
this also means that it's going to
37034
23:26:44,552 --> 23:26:45,552
constantly switch and if you choose one
37035
23:26:46,640 --> 23:26:47,640
channel that'll probably work well for a
37036
23:26:48,160 --> 23:26:49,160
while but then the other routers around
37037
23:26:49,920 --> 23:26:50,920
you especially if you're a highly you're
37038
23:26:51,600 --> 23:26:52,600
in a highly densely populated area are
37039
23:26:54,160 --> 23:26:55,160
going to start to
37040
23:26:56,080 --> 23:26:57,080
you know
37041
23:26:57,680 --> 23:26:58,680
figure out you're only using six and
37042
23:26:59,600 --> 23:27:00,600
then they will try to compensate so i
37043
23:27:02,160 --> 23:27:03,160
recommend leaving it on auto select
37044
23:27:03,920 --> 23:27:04,920
unless you're really having some
37045
23:27:05,040 --> 23:27:06,040
troubles you'll notice this is running
37046
23:27:06,800 --> 23:27:07,800
on channel 6 on the 2.4 gigahertz
37047
23:27:08,872 --> 23:27:09,872
frequency so we could also run on the 5
37048
23:27:10,720 --> 23:27:11,720
gigahertz frequency and that's going to
37049
23:27:12,160 --> 23:27:13,160
have to do with which standard we're
37050
23:27:13,680 --> 23:27:14,680
using and we'll talk about that in a
37051
23:27:14,800 --> 23:27:15,800
second
37052
23:27:16,480 --> 23:27:17,480
so we also have something called the
37053
23:27:17,760 --> 23:27:18,760
ssid or the service set identifier this
37054
23:27:20,800 --> 23:27:21,800
is the network name a lot of you have
37055
23:27:22,960 --> 23:27:23,960
gone into
37056
23:27:24,080 --> 23:27:25,080
an area restaurant a home whatever and
37057
23:27:26,160 --> 23:27:27,160
you have to connect to someone's network
37058
23:27:27,920 --> 23:27:28,920
and it says oh connect to you know bob's
37059
23:27:30,552 --> 23:27:31,552
network for instance
37060
23:27:32,232 --> 23:27:33,232
and that's the ssid the name of it now
37061
23:27:35,440 --> 23:27:36,440
one security thing we have is that we
37062
23:27:37,832 --> 23:27:38,832
can enable or disable this name to be
37063
23:27:40,552 --> 23:27:41,552
broadcast so even though it's secure
37064
23:27:42,800 --> 23:27:43,800
even though it might require passwords
37065
23:27:44,400 --> 23:27:45,400
something we'll talk about in just a
37066
23:27:45,760 --> 23:27:46,760
minute
37067
23:27:47,832 --> 23:27:48,832
the network itself the name of the
37068
23:27:50,232 --> 23:27:51,232
network could be broadcast or not
37069
23:27:51,920 --> 23:27:52,920
broadcast it's sort of like if i have a
37070
23:27:54,232 --> 23:27:55,232
home and i have a door with a doorknob
37071
23:27:56,800 --> 23:27:57,800
that's clearly marked you know where to
37072
23:27:59,120 --> 23:28:00,120
open the door now if you don't have a
37073
23:28:00,320 --> 23:28:01,320
key you're not going to be able to get
37074
23:28:01,512 --> 23:28:02,512
in
37075
23:28:02,480 --> 23:28:03,480
if i disable the broadcast that would be
37076
23:28:04,552 --> 23:28:05,552
like having the door hidden into the
37077
23:28:06,640 --> 23:28:07,640
wall you could still open it if you knew
37078
23:28:08,800 --> 23:28:09,800
where to find it and you're still going
37079
23:28:10,160 --> 23:28:11,160
to need a key but i've just made it that
37080
23:28:11,832 --> 23:28:12,832
much harder for you to locate uh the
37081
23:28:14,160 --> 23:28:15,160
entrance into my home so that's sort of
37082
23:28:16,232 --> 23:28:17,232
the idea behind an ssid and not
37083
23:28:18,640 --> 23:28:19,640
broadcasting it or broadcasting it by
37084
23:28:21,040 --> 23:28:22,040
the way one of the secure things and
37085
23:28:23,040 --> 23:28:24,040
you'll see this when we we'll talk about
37086
23:28:24,640 --> 23:28:25,640
this when we get to security
37087
23:28:26,640 --> 23:28:27,640
but one of the things they'll mention on
37088
23:28:27,920 --> 23:28:28,920
the test is how to secure a wireless
37089
23:28:29,440 --> 23:28:30,440
network this is one thing that you can
37090
23:28:31,832 --> 23:28:32,832
do to enable more security however it
37091
23:28:34,872 --> 23:28:35,872
doesn't actually secure the network
37092
23:28:36,872 --> 23:28:37,872
because all it's doing is simply hiding
37093
23:28:38,480 --> 23:28:39,480
from view what really is already there
37094
23:28:42,872 --> 23:28:43,872
these are the standards b g a n that you
37095
23:28:45,192 --> 23:28:46,192
need to know for the exam
37096
23:28:46,872 --> 23:28:47,872
now you just have to memorize this stuff
37097
23:28:49,512 --> 23:28:50,512
but you need to know the standard letter
37098
23:28:52,080 --> 23:28:53,080
and then you need to know the speed and
37099
23:28:53,512 --> 23:28:54,512
frequency now this is pretty easy okay
37100
23:28:56,480 --> 23:28:57,480
b and g
37101
23:28:57,760 --> 23:28:58,760
both run on a 2.4 gigahertz frequency
37102
23:29:00,720 --> 23:29:01,720
a runs on a 5 gigahertz frequency and n
37103
23:29:03,832 --> 23:29:04,832
works on
37104
23:29:05,040 --> 23:29:06,040
uh 2.4 or 5.
37105
23:29:07,760 --> 23:29:08,760
remember that now the reason they were
37106
23:29:09,360 --> 23:29:10,360
using five gigahertz is they thought
37107
23:29:10,720 --> 23:29:11,720
that might give them a little less
37108
23:29:12,960 --> 23:29:13,960
conflict with other devices that were
37109
23:29:15,192 --> 23:29:16,192
around such as wireless phones or
37110
23:29:16,720 --> 23:29:17,720
microwaves etc but there were other
37111
23:29:18,800 --> 23:29:19,800
problems that that brought with it and
37112
23:29:20,160 --> 23:29:21,160
so now the current standard and n is the
37113
23:29:22,960 --> 23:29:23,960
current standard is to use 2.4 or 5 so
37114
23:29:26,320 --> 23:29:27,320
the computer can sort of make the choice
37115
23:29:28,400 --> 23:29:29,400
speed you're also going to want to pay
37116
23:29:29,600 --> 23:29:30,600
attention to
37117
23:29:30,680 --> 23:29:31,680
802.11b has an 11 megabits per second
37118
23:29:33,600 --> 23:29:34,600
speed when we get to g and a they both
37119
23:29:36,320 --> 23:29:37,320
have 54 megabits per second the only
37120
23:29:38,720 --> 23:29:39,720
thing that distinguishes them again is
37121
23:29:40,400 --> 23:29:41,400
the frequency
37122
23:29:41,920 --> 23:29:42,920
with n the one that's currently used the
37123
23:29:43,920 --> 23:29:44,920
most we have up to 600 megabits per
37124
23:29:46,552 --> 23:29:47,552
second and we can use 2.4 or 5 gigahertz
37125
23:29:49,440 --> 23:29:50,440
frequency this is an important table to
37126
23:29:51,680 --> 23:29:52,680
memorize and i would just take this
37127
23:29:53,360 --> 23:29:54,360
whole thing i would write it down on a
37128
23:29:54,720 --> 23:29:55,720
piece of paper i would study it and then
37129
23:29:56,480 --> 23:29:57,480
when you get into your exam i would
37130
23:29:58,080 --> 23:29:59,080
write it down immediately onto a little
37131
23:30:00,232 --> 23:30:01,232
piece of paper or onto sorry you'll
37132
23:30:02,800 --> 23:30:03,800
probably get something called a brain
37133
23:30:04,000 --> 23:30:05,000
dump sheet which is like a laminated
37134
23:30:06,160 --> 23:30:07,160
sheet of paper that you can write on
37135
23:30:07,760 --> 23:30:08,760
with an expo marker
37136
23:30:10,400 --> 23:30:11,400
so
37137
23:30:11,920 --> 23:30:12,920
we've talked about the door which is the
37138
23:30:13,760 --> 23:30:14,760
ssid but let's talk about that key so i
37139
23:30:16,400 --> 23:30:17,400
have the door let's say it's
37140
23:30:17,360 --> 23:30:18,360
broadcasting or not broadcasting meaning
37141
23:30:19,192 --> 23:30:20,192
the door is hidden or not hidden we
37142
23:30:21,280 --> 23:30:22,280
still need to make sure that people just
37143
23:30:22,800 --> 23:30:23,800
can't get access to the home uh but
37144
23:30:24,800 --> 23:30:25,800
people can't just read the data that's
37145
23:30:26,552 --> 23:30:27,552
going on over these wireless connections
37146
23:30:29,040 --> 23:30:30,040
we want to make sure it's encrypted so
37147
23:30:30,720 --> 23:30:31,720
what we need to do is secure the
37148
23:30:32,232 --> 23:30:33,232
wireless network with one of several
37149
23:30:33,680 --> 23:30:34,680
encryption standards and there are three
37150
23:30:35,680 --> 23:30:36,680
that are currently out there the first
37151
23:30:38,080 --> 23:30:39,080
is something called wep
37152
23:30:40,400 --> 23:30:41,400
wep is actually a really old form it had
37153
23:30:43,920 --> 23:30:44,920
to be either a 10 or i believe a 26
37154
23:30:49,760 --> 23:30:50,760
digit
37155
23:30:51,760 --> 23:30:52,760
hexadecimal number or
37156
23:30:54,872 --> 23:30:55,872
which include numbers and letters so a
37157
23:30:57,280 --> 23:30:58,280
lot of folks would use their cell phone
37158
23:30:59,440 --> 23:31:00,440
numbers or their phone numbers united
37159
23:31:01,192 --> 23:31:02,192
states which are 10 digits in order to
37160
23:31:03,040 --> 23:31:04,040
keep this simple but you couldn't just
37161
23:31:04,720 --> 23:31:05,720
sort of type a code like you know josh's
37162
23:31:07,360 --> 23:31:08,360
network as your password this is sort of
37163
23:31:10,400 --> 23:31:11,400
we're talking about here
37164
23:31:13,360 --> 23:31:14,360
you need a password to get in and the
37165
23:31:15,120 --> 23:31:16,120
problem with wp is not only that the
37166
23:31:17,192 --> 23:31:18,192
password quote unquote had to be consist
37167
23:31:19,600 --> 23:31:20,600
of a 10 or 26 digit hexadecimal number
37168
23:31:21,920 --> 23:31:22,920
it was also extremely easy to to hack if
37169
23:31:24,800 --> 23:31:25,800
you're to go on youtube right now and
37170
23:31:26,400 --> 23:31:27,400
search wep hack or crack you'll find
37171
23:31:29,120 --> 23:31:30,120
someone who's able to hack a wp code
37172
23:31:32,080 --> 23:31:33,080
within probably even less than a minute
37173
23:31:34,552 --> 23:31:35,552
next was a dub was an encryption
37174
23:31:36,160 --> 23:31:37,160
standard called wpa you don't have to
37175
23:31:38,720 --> 23:31:39,720
know
37176
23:31:39,600 --> 23:31:40,600
the type of encryption it used but it
37177
23:31:41,192 --> 23:31:42,192
was using something called tkip and this
37178
23:31:44,080 --> 23:31:45,080
was more secure than wep codes the
37179
23:31:47,760 --> 23:31:48,760
password or what we also called the key
37180
23:31:49,760 --> 23:31:50,760
to get on the network
37181
23:31:51,360 --> 23:31:52,360
was could be really anything it could be
37182
23:31:53,360 --> 23:31:54,360
any combination uh like a regular
37183
23:31:56,160 --> 23:31:57,160
password however this was also easily
37184
23:31:58,400 --> 23:31:59,400
hacked and so
37185
23:31:59,552 --> 23:32:00,552
wpa2 which uses a different standard aes
37186
23:32:02,872 --> 23:32:03,872
became the current is now the current
37187
23:32:04,960 --> 23:32:05,960
sort of de facto and this is the one
37188
23:32:07,440 --> 23:32:08,440
that uh uh people use you'll see there's
37189
23:32:10,872 --> 23:32:11,872
also a personal and enterprise versions
37190
23:32:12,872 --> 23:32:13,872
of that i wouldn't worry too much about
37191
23:32:14,320 --> 23:32:15,320
that until we get to um
37192
23:32:17,600 --> 23:32:18,600
uh
37193
23:32:18,400 --> 23:32:19,400
more advanced sort of security but this
37194
23:32:20,872 --> 23:32:21,872
is just how people logged on personal
37195
23:32:23,192 --> 23:32:24,192
allows you to type in this password or
37196
23:32:24,720 --> 23:32:25,720
key enterprise required there'd be
37197
23:32:26,552 --> 23:32:27,552
something on your computer
37198
23:32:28,232 --> 23:32:29,232
and we're going to cover these issues a
37199
23:32:29,920 --> 23:32:30,920
little more depth in the next set of
37200
23:32:31,440 --> 23:32:32,440
videos covering security but i just
37201
23:32:33,360 --> 23:32:34,360
wanted to bring them up now they are
37202
23:32:34,720 --> 23:32:35,720
related to wireless encryption and most
37203
23:32:37,192 --> 23:32:38,192
of the time nowadays again we're going
37204
23:32:38,480 --> 23:32:39,480
to be using this standard
37205
23:32:41,680 --> 23:32:42,680
all right let's talk about something
37206
23:32:42,720 --> 23:32:43,720
called port forwarding and here is the
37207
23:32:44,552 --> 23:32:45,552
screen that you would see uh in a link
37208
23:32:47,512 --> 23:32:48,512
sys router for port forwarding what it
37209
23:32:49,760 --> 23:32:50,760
does is it forwards an external network
37210
23:32:51,920 --> 23:32:52,920
port from the public network to an
37211
23:32:54,640 --> 23:32:55,640
internal or private ip address and port
37212
23:32:57,680 --> 23:32:58,680
so if you imagine
37213
23:32:59,360 --> 23:33:00,360
that each one of these ip addresses
37214
23:33:03,440 --> 23:33:04,440
there there's none listed right now but
37215
23:33:05,040 --> 23:33:06,040
any of these ip addresses could be a
37216
23:33:06,800 --> 23:33:07,800
different computer on the network
37217
23:33:09,280 --> 23:33:10,280
so
37218
23:33:10,232 --> 23:33:11,232
we will imagine
37219
23:33:12,720 --> 23:33:13,720
that we have
37220
23:33:14,360 --> 23:33:15,360
0.5.10 and dot 15. so these are all and
37221
23:33:17,832 --> 23:33:18,832
let's say that this router is like we
37222
23:33:19,680 --> 23:33:20,680
mentioned before 192.168.1.1
37223
23:33:23,192 --> 23:33:24,192
this one is dot 5.10.15
37224
23:33:26,552 --> 23:33:27,552
in this place right there okay and
37225
23:33:28,080 --> 23:33:29,080
that's on the internal network however
37226
23:33:30,160 --> 23:33:31,160
the router also has an external ip
37227
23:33:32,720 --> 23:33:33,720
address which i'm just going to make up
37228
23:33:34,400 --> 23:33:35,400
something
37229
23:33:39,280 --> 23:33:40,280
and what happens is data goes into here
37230
23:33:42,080 --> 23:33:43,080
right data comes in from the wireless
37231
23:33:45,192 --> 23:33:46,192
from the network rather
37232
23:33:46,872 --> 23:33:47,872
from the internet and it gets to the
37233
23:33:48,552 --> 23:33:49,552
router and let's say
37234
23:33:50,872 --> 23:33:51,872
we have an application like rdp remote
37235
23:33:52,960 --> 23:33:53,960
desktop protocol so you're on the
37236
23:33:55,920 --> 23:33:56,920
internet someplace and you want to get
37237
23:33:57,360 --> 23:33:58,360
remote ask access
37238
23:33:59,192 --> 23:34:00,192
to this computer right here well the
37239
23:34:01,192 --> 23:34:02,192
problem is if i ask the router hey i
37240
23:34:04,232 --> 23:34:05,232
have port 3389
37241
23:34:07,280 --> 23:34:08,280
the router doesn't know
37242
23:34:10,640 --> 23:34:11,640
which is the rdp port if you recall the
37243
23:34:13,360 --> 23:34:14,360
router which is right here doesn't know
37244
23:34:16,480 --> 23:34:17,480
where to send this because it has three
37245
23:34:17,920 --> 23:34:18,920
computers connected right and so what
37246
23:34:20,232 --> 23:34:21,232
you can do is you can tell it ah
37247
23:34:22,552 --> 23:34:23,552
whenever you get
37248
23:34:25,360 --> 23:34:26,360
a request for port 3389
37249
23:34:28,800 --> 23:34:29,800
i want you to send that
37250
23:34:31,512 --> 23:34:32,512
to ip address 192.168.1.5
37251
23:34:35,760 --> 23:34:36,760
and so
37252
23:34:36,872 --> 23:34:37,872
this computer will always be the one
37253
23:34:38,640 --> 23:34:39,640
that accepts rdp connections now if i
37254
23:34:41,600 --> 23:34:42,600
wanted to have a second rdp connection i
37255
23:34:43,680 --> 23:34:44,680
could do that too but i would actually
37256
23:34:45,192 --> 23:34:46,192
have to identify another port to use it
37257
23:34:47,920 --> 23:34:48,920
so i can't use the same port because
37258
23:34:49,832 --> 23:34:50,832
that'll confuse the computer okay
37259
23:34:52,552 --> 23:34:53,552
or the router rather confuse the router
37260
23:34:55,680 --> 23:34:56,680
so this enables you therefore to have a
37261
23:34:58,320 --> 23:34:59,320
web server or ftp server a remote access
37262
23:35:01,440 --> 23:35:02,440
in your private network that's
37263
23:35:03,040 --> 23:35:04,040
accessible from the public network and
37264
23:35:04,872 --> 23:35:05,872
if i just erase all this real quickly
37265
23:35:07,280 --> 23:35:08,280
what i could do then is if i have a web
37266
23:35:09,192 --> 23:35:10,192
server what's the web server
37267
23:35:10,960 --> 23:35:11,960
http that's port 80.
37268
23:35:14,000 --> 23:35:15,000
ftp server
37269
23:35:15,680 --> 23:35:16,680
port
37270
23:35:17,280 --> 23:35:18,280
21
37271
23:35:20,160 --> 23:35:21,160
rdp as we mentioned 3389 etc etc
37272
23:35:24,480 --> 23:35:25,480
i could have just about anything if i
37273
23:35:25,760 --> 23:35:26,760
had a mail server right i could do 110
37274
23:35:28,080 --> 23:35:29,080
or 143. any of these would work and
37275
23:35:31,040 --> 23:35:32,040
basically what happens then is whenever
37276
23:35:33,192 --> 23:35:34,192
someone comes in and says hey i'm
37277
23:35:34,480 --> 23:35:35,480
looking for the web server which is on
37278
23:35:36,400 --> 23:35:37,400
port 80
37279
23:35:37,680 --> 23:35:38,680
the router would say oh well that's on
37280
23:35:39,832 --> 23:35:40,832
ip address you know whatever whichever
37281
23:35:42,640 --> 23:35:43,640
computer now the one trick here is that
37282
23:35:45,360 --> 23:35:46,360
your router would have to always have
37283
23:35:47,280 --> 23:35:48,280
the same ip address which is generally
37284
23:35:49,360 --> 23:35:50,360
not the case in a home setting
37285
23:35:52,160 --> 23:35:53,160
nobody on the outside as well is going
37286
23:35:54,640 --> 23:35:55,640
to recognize that there's being
37287
23:35:56,080 --> 23:35:57,080
forwarding enacted they're just going to
37288
23:35:58,640 --> 23:35:59,640
get automatically to the computer
37289
23:36:00,232 --> 23:36:01,232
there's no reductio nothing happens it
37290
23:36:02,400 --> 23:36:03,400
all happens automatically so they're not
37291
23:36:04,640 --> 23:36:05,640
notified of it
37292
23:36:07,600 --> 23:36:08,600
now port triggering is similar remember
37293
23:36:09,920 --> 23:36:10,920
port forwarding
37294
23:36:11,680 --> 23:36:12,680
i'm just going to draw
37295
23:36:13,360 --> 23:36:14,360
our little diagram up again
37296
23:36:16,400 --> 23:36:17,400
we had a 0.5 point 10
37297
23:36:19,040 --> 23:36:20,040
and .15
37298
23:36:21,280 --> 23:36:22,280
and import
37299
23:36:24,000 --> 23:36:25,000
forwarding uh and i'll let me write this
37300
23:36:26,960 --> 23:36:27,960
out
37301
23:36:32,000 --> 23:36:33,000
in port forwarding the request always
37302
23:36:33,760 --> 23:36:34,760
came from the internet in port
37303
23:36:35,600 --> 23:36:36,600
triggering on the other hand what
37304
23:36:37,192 --> 23:36:38,192
happens is the
37305
23:36:39,360 --> 23:36:40,360
port originates
37306
23:36:41,040 --> 23:36:42,040
on the inside network so you can specify
37307
23:36:43,760 --> 23:36:44,760
an outgoing port that your computer can
37308
23:36:46,160 --> 23:36:47,160
use for special applications
37309
23:36:48,552 --> 23:36:49,552
this then opens an incoming port when
37310
23:36:51,600 --> 23:36:52,600
your computer is using that outgoing
37311
23:36:53,360 --> 23:36:54,360
port so just to give you an example
37312
23:36:55,360 --> 23:36:56,360
let's say i'm using an application a
37313
23:36:56,960 --> 23:36:57,960
game
37314
23:36:59,120 --> 23:37:00,120
that
37315
23:37:00,000 --> 23:37:01,000
sends
37316
23:37:00,960 --> 23:37:01,960
data out on port
37317
23:37:03,192 --> 23:37:04,192
1000
37318
23:37:06,080 --> 23:37:07,080
and by the way these it says two that's
37319
23:37:08,000 --> 23:37:09,000
because you could have a range of ports
37320
23:37:09,680 --> 23:37:10,680
but for our sake i'm just i'm putting
37321
23:37:11,440 --> 23:37:12,440
the start and the end port is the same
37322
23:37:13,832 --> 23:37:14,832
but then when the data came back it came
37323
23:37:16,720 --> 23:37:17,720
on port 2000 and you would know this
37324
23:37:19,120 --> 23:37:20,120
because the game would tell you these
37325
23:37:20,720 --> 23:37:21,720
are the ports you need so what you're
37326
23:37:22,480 --> 23:37:23,480
basically telling the computer the
37327
23:37:24,232 --> 23:37:25,232
router is whenever any computer you
37328
23:37:26,800 --> 23:37:27,800
notice there's no ip address on here and
37329
23:37:28,552 --> 23:37:29,552
all of these guys want to be able to
37330
23:37:30,800 --> 23:37:31,800
work on the same computer
37331
23:37:33,040 --> 23:37:34,040
so what you're telling uh sorry work on
37332
23:37:34,960 --> 23:37:35,960
with the same router with the same game
37333
23:37:36,872 --> 23:37:37,872
so what you're telling us is whenever
37334
23:37:38,400 --> 23:37:39,400
someone
37335
23:37:39,440 --> 23:37:40,440
sends out data on port 1000
37336
23:37:42,960 --> 23:37:43,960
make sure that they get a return
37337
23:37:44,872 --> 23:37:45,872
information on port 2000
37338
23:37:47,280 --> 23:37:48,280
that's on any computer on the network so
37339
23:37:49,192 --> 23:37:50,192
if computer point 10
37340
23:37:51,760 --> 23:37:52,760
sends out a trigger of port 1000
37341
23:37:55,192 --> 23:37:56,192
note the data is going to come back
37342
23:37:57,040 --> 23:37:58,040
through port 2000.
37343
23:38:02,000 --> 23:38:03,000
now network address translation is sort
37344
23:38:04,480 --> 23:38:05,480
of what allows all of this to occur
37345
23:38:07,120 --> 23:38:08,120
what happens is network address
37346
23:38:08,960 --> 23:38:09,960
translation
37347
23:38:10,320 --> 23:38:11,320
modifies the ip address as it crosses
37348
23:38:13,280 --> 23:38:14,280
the router and hides that private ip
37349
23:38:16,000 --> 23:38:17,000
address from the public network
37350
23:38:18,552 --> 23:38:19,552
so
37351
23:38:19,280 --> 23:38:20,280
if i draw this up again here's my router
37352
23:38:22,160 --> 23:38:23,160
that has nat on it one of the many
37353
23:38:24,480 --> 23:38:25,480
services
37354
23:38:25,600 --> 23:38:26,600
and here's point five
37355
23:38:27,760 --> 23:38:28,760
here's point 10
37356
23:38:30,000 --> 23:38:31,000
here's point 15
37357
23:38:32,800 --> 23:38:33,800
and
37358
23:38:33,832 --> 23:38:34,832
this is going out to the cloud or to the
37359
23:38:36,232 --> 23:38:37,232
internet
37360
23:38:37,280 --> 23:38:38,280
and we're just going to assign this
37361
23:38:40,872 --> 23:38:41,872
another ip address
37362
23:38:43,192 --> 23:38:44,192
what happens then is network address
37363
23:38:45,680 --> 23:38:46,680
translation
37364
23:38:47,760 --> 23:38:48,760
hides
37365
23:38:53,360 --> 23:38:54,360
this internal ip address from the
37366
23:38:55,600 --> 23:38:56,600
internet
37367
23:38:57,120 --> 23:38:58,120
it also allows
37368
23:38:59,832 --> 23:39:00,832
this computer
37369
23:39:01,280 --> 23:39:02,280
to utilize this public ip address when
37370
23:39:04,320 --> 23:39:05,320
it's talking out on the network but
37371
23:39:06,232 --> 23:39:07,232
enables the data coming back to go
37372
23:39:08,080 --> 23:39:09,080
straight
37373
23:39:09,680 --> 23:39:10,680
to this computer
37374
23:39:11,440 --> 23:39:12,440
so that way all these computers can
37375
23:39:13,120 --> 23:39:14,120
share the same public i p address since
37376
23:39:15,040 --> 23:39:16,040
they only get one
37377
23:39:17,040 --> 23:39:18,040
so it not only provides safety for the
37378
23:39:18,960 --> 23:39:19,960
computers on the lan but it also allows
37379
23:39:21,440 --> 23:39:22,440
one ip address to do the work of many ip
37380
23:39:23,600 --> 23:39:24,600
addresses so it allows this ip address
37381
23:39:26,000 --> 23:39:27,000
to do the work of all of these so i
37382
23:39:27,600 --> 23:39:28,600
don't have to have a single public ip
37383
23:39:29,192 --> 23:39:30,192
address for all of these computers and
37384
23:39:31,040 --> 23:39:32,040
it hides this information as well
37385
23:39:33,360 --> 23:39:34,360
and the reason it does this is when an
37386
23:39:35,280 --> 23:39:36,280
ip address communicates with the
37387
23:39:37,040 --> 23:39:38,040
internet the ip address is converted to
37388
23:39:40,400 --> 23:39:41,400
a public ip address this one
37389
23:39:43,600 --> 23:39:44,600
plus the inside computer is assigned a
37390
23:39:46,480 --> 23:39:47,480
port
37391
23:39:48,160 --> 23:39:49,160
so let me show you what this looks like
37392
23:39:49,832 --> 23:39:50,832
i have 176.18
37393
23:39:53,120 --> 23:39:54,120
that's the public ip address
37394
23:39:55,280 --> 23:39:56,280
and 20
37395
23:39:56,720 --> 23:39:57,720
identifies the internal computer
37396
23:39:59,280 --> 23:40:00,280
so let's say we had a fourth computer
37397
23:40:01,280 --> 23:40:02,280
attached that was point 20 and i
37398
23:40:03,280 --> 23:40:04,280
realized that my
37399
23:40:05,120 --> 23:40:06,120
public ip address is slightly different
37400
23:40:06,640 --> 23:40:07,640
but that's okay
37401
23:40:07,760 --> 23:40:08,760
what this would tell it is okay
37402
23:40:10,552 --> 23:40:11,552
so i talk to google who sends out
37403
23:40:12,480 --> 23:40:13,480
information
37404
23:40:15,040 --> 23:40:16,040
says hey google this ip address
37405
23:40:17,832 --> 23:40:18,832
wants some information and i google says
37406
23:40:20,160 --> 23:40:21,160
great and sends that information back so
37407
23:40:22,400 --> 23:40:23,400
it gets back to the router which is this
37408
23:40:24,232 --> 23:40:25,232
ip address
37409
23:40:26,400 --> 23:40:27,400
and then the router says well wait what
37410
23:40:28,000 --> 23:40:29,000
computer did you want to communicate
37411
23:40:29,680 --> 23:40:30,680
with oh computer 20 and then it'll go
37412
23:40:34,320 --> 23:40:35,320
and attack uh or not attack sorry it'll
37413
23:40:36,552 --> 23:40:37,552
go and give the information to
37414
23:40:38,800 --> 23:40:39,800
20. now this number i've made them the
37415
23:40:41,440 --> 23:40:42,440
same they might not be the same in
37416
23:40:42,960 --> 23:40:43,960
actuality but what's happened is it's
37417
23:40:45,280 --> 23:40:46,280
treating the computer itself like a port
37418
23:40:48,232 --> 23:40:49,232
and so it gives that information it
37419
23:40:50,080 --> 23:40:51,080
addends the information and now when it
37420
23:40:51,512 --> 23:40:52,512
comes back the router knows who to send
37421
23:40:52,960 --> 23:40:53,960
it to this is called network address
37422
23:40:55,360 --> 23:40:56,360
translation
37423
23:40:56,800 --> 23:40:57,800
so again this number is the public ip
37424
23:40:59,760 --> 23:41:00,760
address and this number right here the
37425
23:41:02,000 --> 23:41:03,000
20 designates the internal computer on
37426
23:41:04,320 --> 23:41:05,320
the private lan
37427
23:41:07,760 --> 23:41:08,760
now something else called the
37428
23:41:08,960 --> 23:41:09,960
demilitarized zone
37429
23:41:11,120 --> 23:41:12,120
let's say the router
37430
23:41:13,600 --> 23:41:14,600
uh
37431
23:41:14,640 --> 23:41:15,640
well we could have the router any place
37432
23:41:16,000 --> 23:41:17,000
but let's say we have for sake of
37433
23:41:17,512 --> 23:41:18,512
argument a router right here
37434
23:41:21,040 --> 23:41:22,040
now what happens
37435
23:41:23,280 --> 23:41:24,280
is
37436
23:41:24,080 --> 23:41:25,080
the dmz
37437
23:41:26,480 --> 23:41:27,480
is an area that's not quite part of my
37438
23:41:28,480 --> 23:41:29,480
internal lan we'll say this is the lan
37439
23:41:30,800 --> 23:41:31,800
it has an internal cms on it or a
37440
23:41:33,280 --> 23:41:34,280
customer management system
37441
23:41:35,600 --> 23:41:36,600
but it's not part of the internet too or
37442
23:41:37,280 --> 23:41:38,280
the wan
37443
23:41:39,440 --> 23:41:40,440
it's sort of in between the two
37444
23:41:42,552 --> 23:41:43,552
and why might i want this well i have
37445
23:41:44,320 --> 23:41:45,320
something like a public web server i
37446
23:41:46,320 --> 23:41:47,320
don't want to protect it so much by my
37447
23:41:48,320 --> 23:41:49,320
internal firewall that no one can get
37448
23:41:49,760 --> 23:41:50,760
into it because then they won't be able
37449
23:41:50,872 --> 23:41:51,872
to browse my web page on the other hand
37450
23:41:53,040 --> 23:41:54,040
i want to make sure it's a little more
37451
23:41:54,160 --> 23:41:55,160
protected than just the plain old
37452
23:41:55,512 --> 23:41:56,512
internet so that way my web server
37453
23:41:57,120 --> 23:41:58,120
doesn't go down
37454
23:41:58,400 --> 23:41:59,400
so this is a middle ground that's
37455
23:41:59,832 --> 23:42:00,832
partially protected by a firewall and
37456
23:42:01,832 --> 23:42:02,832
that allows public access but also
37457
23:42:03,760 --> 23:42:04,760
protects your private network
37458
23:42:07,680 --> 23:42:08,680
so
37459
23:42:08,960 --> 23:42:09,960
what this would be saying is in on a
37460
23:42:11,040 --> 23:42:12,040
page in your linksys
37461
23:42:12,960 --> 23:42:13,960
for instance or your netgear or whatever
37462
23:42:14,720 --> 23:42:15,720
your soho router is you would say oh if
37463
23:42:17,760 --> 23:42:18,760
this has ip address 5 that's in the
37464
23:42:19,720 --> 23:42:20,720
demilitarized zone so you can leave that
37465
23:42:23,192 --> 23:42:24,192
outside of the network or behind
37466
23:42:26,080 --> 23:42:27,080
instead of on a firewall in a more
37467
23:42:27,832 --> 23:42:28,832
enterprise setup you would actually have
37468
23:42:30,160 --> 23:42:31,160
two firewalls like this one does
37469
23:42:32,720 --> 23:42:33,720
and you would put this device in between
37470
23:42:34,872 --> 23:42:35,872
the two of them logically
37471
23:42:37,440 --> 23:42:38,440
this is a good place for web servers
37472
23:42:39,512 --> 23:42:40,512
email servers ftp servers or for
37473
23:42:42,000 --> 23:42:43,000
research for instance i might have
37474
23:42:43,680 --> 23:42:44,680
something called a honeypot here which
37475
23:42:45,760 --> 23:42:46,760
is like uh
37476
23:42:47,192 --> 23:42:48,192
telling hackers oh this computer is open
37477
23:42:49,120 --> 23:42:50,120
to the network come on and hack me and
37478
23:42:51,040 --> 23:42:52,040
then you can see what sort of things are
37479
23:42:52,800 --> 23:42:53,800
happening to your
37480
23:42:55,040 --> 23:42:56,040
honeypot when you put it out on the
37481
23:42:56,320 --> 23:42:57,320
network
37482
23:42:59,192 --> 23:43:00,192
so quality of service is specifically
37483
23:43:01,120 --> 23:43:02,120
dealing with voip and streaming media or
37484
23:43:04,000 --> 23:43:05,000
auto audio playback and what it does
37485
23:43:07,600 --> 23:43:08,600
is
37486
23:43:08,400 --> 23:43:09,400
it makes sure that this stuff is
37487
23:43:10,480 --> 23:43:11,480
prioritized
37488
23:43:12,872 --> 23:43:13,872
because dropped packets with normal
37489
23:43:15,040 --> 23:43:16,040
browsing or while sending other sorts of
37490
23:43:17,120 --> 23:43:18,120
data that can be really easily rectified
37491
23:43:19,120 --> 23:43:20,120
and you would never even notice but when
37492
23:43:21,040 --> 23:43:22,040
we're dealing with audio or multimedia
37493
23:43:23,040 --> 23:43:24,040
it's going to be a lot easier for you to
37494
23:43:25,360 --> 23:43:26,360
notice when for instance someone's voice
37495
23:43:27,512 --> 23:43:28,512
stop starts dropping because if a voice
37496
23:43:29,600 --> 23:43:30,600
packet drops you're really going to
37497
23:43:30,640 --> 23:43:31,640
notice that so it's a matter of making
37498
23:43:32,872 --> 23:43:33,872
sure that there is a certain degree of
37499
23:43:34,480 --> 23:43:35,480
quality in the service provided to voip
37500
23:43:37,360 --> 23:43:38,360
calls again for a plus i want you to
37501
23:43:39,760 --> 23:43:40,760
focus on just this connection
37502
23:43:42,320 --> 23:43:43,320
quality of service voice over ip
37503
23:43:45,440 --> 23:43:46,440
a dropped packet on a voip call
37504
23:43:48,080 --> 23:43:49,080
is
37505
23:43:49,360 --> 23:43:50,360
not only sounds terrible makes the
37506
23:43:51,192 --> 23:43:52,192
service unreliable so if i can't
37507
23:43:53,040 --> 23:43:54,040
guarantee that there is going to be a
37508
23:43:55,192 --> 23:43:56,192
degree of quality of service then voip
37509
23:43:57,360 --> 23:43:58,360
phone calls are useless right i can no
37510
23:43:59,512 --> 23:44:00,512
longer count on them it's no longer
37511
23:44:01,120 --> 23:44:02,120
useful
37512
23:44:02,080 --> 23:44:03,080
you'll also recall there was something
37513
23:44:03,512 --> 23:44:04,512
called wi-fi protected setup
37514
23:44:06,640 --> 23:44:07,640
this was a standard that was used by
37515
23:44:08,552 --> 23:44:09,552
router manufacturers and it allowed you
37516
23:44:10,232 --> 23:44:11,232
to connect pretty easily to a
37517
23:44:12,400 --> 23:44:13,400
uh access point a wireless access point
37518
23:44:14,720 --> 23:44:15,720
soho
37519
23:44:15,920 --> 23:44:16,920
access point i should say because there
37520
23:44:17,760 --> 23:44:18,760
was an 8 to 10 digit pin number located
37521
23:44:19,760 --> 23:44:20,760
on the bottom of a router and it located
37522
23:44:22,000 --> 23:44:23,000
on the bottom the router you could then
37523
23:44:23,600 --> 23:44:24,600
sort of
37524
23:44:25,120 --> 23:44:26,120
easily connect if you could get access
37525
23:44:26,960 --> 23:44:27,960
to that wipe that pin however the
37526
23:44:29,192 --> 23:44:30,192
problem was there's a potential security
37527
23:44:31,192 --> 23:44:32,192
flaw built in
37528
23:44:32,720 --> 23:44:33,720
to the technology and therefore it's
37529
23:44:35,120 --> 23:44:36,120
recommended that it's sort of you don't
37530
23:44:36,552 --> 23:44:37,552
use it
37531
23:44:38,320 --> 23:44:39,320
it offers a certain ease of use and ease
37532
23:44:40,720 --> 23:44:41,720
of setup
37533
23:44:42,000 --> 23:44:43,000
however
37534
23:44:43,280 --> 23:44:44,280
uh
37535
23:44:44,080 --> 23:44:45,080
it's not that it doesn't offer that much
37536
23:44:46,000 --> 23:44:47,000
ease that it's worth the security hassle
37537
23:44:48,232 --> 23:44:49,232
the only reason i mention it is because
37538
23:44:49,832 --> 23:44:50,832
it's on the outline i haven't really
37539
23:44:51,280 --> 23:44:52,280
seen it on the exam and i don't really
37540
23:44:53,440 --> 23:44:54,440
expect you're going to encounter this in
37541
23:44:55,760 --> 23:44:56,760
an actual uh setup but i just wanted to
37542
23:44:58,640 --> 23:44:59,640
make you aware of it in case
37543
23:45:01,512 --> 23:45:02,512
finally when we're dealing with soho
37544
23:45:03,120 --> 23:45:04,120
routers we need to deal with placement
37545
23:45:04,800 --> 23:45:05,800
one thing we really want to make sure of
37546
23:45:06,232 --> 23:45:07,232
is that we keep them away from anything
37547
23:45:07,512 --> 23:45:08,512
that can interfere including
37548
23:45:09,600 --> 23:45:10,600
large electrical sources anything that
37549
23:45:11,760 --> 23:45:12,760
has outlets ups microwaves a large
37550
23:45:15,600 --> 23:45:16,600
amount of metal electromagnetic
37551
23:45:17,680 --> 23:45:18,680
interference anything that's going to
37552
23:45:19,280 --> 23:45:20,280
offer that some people also live near
37553
23:45:21,360 --> 23:45:22,360
airports have issues whenever planes fly
37554
23:45:23,600 --> 23:45:24,600
overhead i mean we are dealing with
37555
23:45:25,280 --> 23:45:26,280
wireless radio technology on certain
37556
23:45:27,760 --> 23:45:28,760
frequencies and therefore you're going
37557
23:45:29,192 --> 23:45:30,192
to have issues whenever you're near
37558
23:45:30,800 --> 23:45:31,800
those frequencies the other thing you
37559
23:45:32,552 --> 23:45:33,552
want to make sure is that you place it
37560
23:45:34,080 --> 23:45:35,080
physically in the center of your office
37561
23:45:35,760 --> 23:45:36,760
or your home or wherever so that way it
37562
23:45:38,160 --> 23:45:39,160
distributes
37563
23:45:39,680 --> 23:45:40,680
best among the area
37564
23:45:43,512 --> 23:45:44,512
so now we've talked about eight uh soho
37565
23:45:45,680 --> 23:45:46,680
routers including 802.11 wireless
37566
23:45:48,232 --> 23:45:49,232
remember n is the current
37567
23:45:50,320 --> 23:45:51,320
standard it uses a 2.4 gigahertz or a 5
37568
23:45:54,000 --> 23:45:55,000
gigahertz frequency and it has 600
37569
23:45:56,640 --> 23:45:57,640
megabits per second the other ones you
37570
23:45:58,960 --> 23:45:59,960
should know are a b and g
37571
23:46:01,920 --> 23:46:02,920
and look at that table again port
37572
23:46:04,400 --> 23:46:05,400
forwarding and port triggering remember
37573
23:46:06,400 --> 23:46:07,400
port forwarding is initiated from the
37574
23:46:08,800 --> 23:46:09,800
wan side whereas port triggering is
37575
23:46:11,360 --> 23:46:12,360
initiated from the land side
37576
23:46:13,440 --> 23:46:14,440
nat or network address translation
37577
23:46:16,080 --> 23:46:17,080
allows you to share a public ip address
37578
23:46:21,920 --> 23:46:22,920
with the private i p addresses on the
37579
23:46:23,832 --> 23:46:24,832
inside with multiple computers you also
37580
23:46:26,160 --> 23:46:27,160
have something called a dmz or
37581
23:46:27,552 --> 23:46:28,552
demilitarized zone it's an area
37582
23:46:31,600 --> 23:46:32,600
uh that is
37583
23:46:34,160 --> 23:46:35,160
not inside your
37584
23:46:36,832 --> 23:46:37,832
lan but still offers some protection
37585
23:46:40,640 --> 23:46:41,640
okay
37586
23:46:42,800 --> 23:46:43,800
used for web servers etc qos quality of
37587
23:46:45,680 --> 23:46:46,680
service again the thing we really want
37588
23:46:47,280 --> 23:46:48,280
to hit on with that is that it is
37589
23:46:49,680 --> 23:46:50,680
necessary for voice over ip and then
37590
23:46:52,000 --> 23:46:53,000
wi-fi protected serv
37591
23:46:53,920 --> 23:46:54,920
service or setup which is is not used
37592
23:46:57,512 --> 23:46:58,512
much anymore but it was an easy sort of
37593
23:46:59,920 --> 23:47:00,920
setup
37594
23:47:02,800 --> 23:47:03,800
but it had that security flaw
37595
23:47:08,872 --> 23:47:09,872
all right let's move on to network cards
37596
23:47:10,720 --> 23:47:11,720
now
37597
23:47:12,640 --> 23:47:13,640
this is a network adapter which is also
37598
23:47:14,640 --> 23:47:15,640
referred to as a network interface card
37599
23:47:16,720 --> 23:47:17,720
or a nic
37600
23:47:18,080 --> 23:47:19,080
if you ever hear someone refer to a nick
37601
23:47:19,920 --> 23:47:20,920
that's what they're talking about um it
37602
23:47:22,232 --> 23:47:23,232
is con
37603
23:47:23,360 --> 23:47:24,360
it has several considerations that we
37604
23:47:25,192 --> 23:47:26,192
want to be aware of uh and these are
37605
23:47:27,680 --> 23:47:28,680
some things i just want to
37606
23:47:29,280 --> 23:47:30,280
briefly mention the first is bandwidth
37607
23:47:32,480 --> 23:47:33,480
this is the amount of data throughput of
37608
23:47:34,640 --> 23:47:35,640
the connection the maximum data
37609
23:47:36,320 --> 23:47:37,320
throughput of the connection throughput
37610
23:47:38,080 --> 23:47:39,080
is the actual data so i can have a high
37611
23:47:40,552 --> 23:47:41,552
bandwidth and i can have low throughput
37612
23:47:43,440 --> 23:47:44,440
so in many cases this might be 10 100 or
37613
23:47:46,872 --> 23:47:47,872
even gigabit which is a thousand
37614
23:47:49,680 --> 23:47:50,680
megabits per second
37615
23:47:51,760 --> 23:47:52,760
this is measured in bits per second bps
37616
23:47:54,232 --> 23:47:55,232
which is why you see when we were
37617
23:47:55,832 --> 23:47:56,832
talking about wps
37618
23:47:58,320 --> 23:47:59,320
or sir not wps but wi-fi connections we
37619
23:48:01,040 --> 23:48:02,040
saw for instance 54
37620
23:48:03,920 --> 23:48:04,920
mega bits per second right and remember
37621
23:48:06,800 --> 23:48:07,800
that's divided by eight to give you
37622
23:48:09,120 --> 23:48:10,120
bytes
37623
23:48:12,640 --> 23:48:13,640
we also need to talk about latency
37624
23:48:14,960 --> 23:48:15,960
latency is the time it takes for sent
37625
23:48:16,960 --> 23:48:17,960
data to be received by a remote computer
37626
23:48:19,512 --> 23:48:20,512
so although my throughput might be 54
37627
23:48:21,600 --> 23:48:22,600
megabits per second by the time it gets
37628
23:48:23,512 --> 23:48:24,512
the other side you might actually have a
37629
23:48:25,040 --> 23:48:26,040
realized throughput of 20 or 30. and
37630
23:48:28,232 --> 23:48:29,232
latency is uh
37631
23:48:30,640 --> 23:48:31,640
the measurement of how much
37632
23:48:33,040 --> 23:48:34,040
time you're losing
37633
23:48:36,800 --> 23:48:37,800
now there are a couple status indicators
37634
23:48:38,400 --> 23:48:39,400
we can always check
37635
23:48:40,640 --> 23:48:41,640
when we're configuring and analyzing the
37636
23:48:42,400 --> 23:48:43,400
network adapter there are actually two
37637
23:48:44,080 --> 23:48:45,080
types of status indicators we need to
37638
23:48:45,832 --> 23:48:46,832
pay attention to the first are the led
37639
23:48:48,480 --> 23:48:49,480
lights on the network adapter itself
37640
23:48:50,960 --> 23:48:51,960
these show connectivity which should be
37641
23:48:54,000 --> 23:48:55,000
solid and they show activity so there's
37642
23:48:56,480 --> 23:48:57,480
two of them there's a connectivity and
37643
23:48:58,480 --> 23:48:59,480
an activity the connectivity solid shows
37644
23:49:01,192 --> 23:49:02,192
that you are connected and the activity
37645
23:49:03,280 --> 23:49:04,280
blinking shows that there's actually
37646
23:49:04,720 --> 23:49:05,720
data that's passing through that's not
37647
23:49:06,640 --> 23:49:07,640
only gonna be on your network card by
37648
23:49:07,920 --> 23:49:08,920
the way that's gonna be on any port so
37649
23:49:09,920 --> 23:49:10,920
if you're looking at a switch you should
37650
23:49:11,280 --> 23:49:12,280
probably see two leds one for solid and
37651
23:49:14,000 --> 23:49:15,000
one blinking showing there's activity
37652
23:49:15,680 --> 23:49:16,680
passing if one's not if for instance you
37653
23:49:18,160 --> 23:49:19,160
have a solid connection but no activity
37654
23:49:20,000 --> 23:49:21,000
then maybe there's something
37655
23:49:21,832 --> 23:49:22,832
some sort of problem with the cord
37656
23:49:24,080 --> 23:49:25,080
the other thing we want to look at are
37657
23:49:25,360 --> 23:49:26,360
any logical indicators in the operating
37658
23:49:27,512 --> 23:49:28,512
system there's a notification area
37659
23:49:29,680 --> 23:49:30,680
pop-up when you connect or lose
37660
23:49:31,120 --> 23:49:32,120
connectivity that's on the bottom right
37661
23:49:33,120 --> 23:49:34,120
hand of the computer which is hard for
37662
23:49:34,480 --> 23:49:35,480
me to show you right now just because i
37663
23:49:36,320 --> 23:49:37,320
would have to unplug my computer or take
37664
23:49:37,920 --> 23:49:38,920
it off the network which is not
37665
23:49:39,040 --> 23:49:40,040
something i can easily do in this setup
37666
23:49:41,600 --> 23:49:42,600
but you'll see at the bottom right now
37667
23:49:43,280 --> 23:49:44,280
if i just go over to windows 7 real
37668
23:49:45,360 --> 23:49:46,360
quickly down at the right hand corner
37669
23:49:47,512 --> 23:49:48,512
corner is our notification area and you
37670
23:49:49,760 --> 23:49:50,760
would see down here something telling
37671
23:49:51,360 --> 23:49:52,360
you you are or are not connected uh if
37672
23:49:54,552 --> 23:49:55,552
if you were to lose connectivity
37673
23:50:01,600 --> 23:50:02,600
all right let's also talk about duplex
37674
23:50:04,080 --> 23:50:05,080
settings now i've gotten to this uh
37675
23:50:07,040 --> 23:50:08,040
this intel
37676
23:50:08,480 --> 23:50:09,480
you know pro 1000 network connection
37677
23:50:10,872 --> 23:50:11,872
properties that is my nic
37678
23:50:13,120 --> 23:50:14,120
okay and uh i can tell that the
37679
23:50:15,512 --> 23:50:16,512
throughput is 1000 or gigabit so just
37680
23:50:18,232 --> 23:50:19,232
reviewing some stuff now this
37681
23:50:21,120 --> 23:50:22,120
duplex speed and this is never something
37682
23:50:22,960 --> 23:50:23,960
that you would actually set but it's
37683
23:50:24,232 --> 23:50:25,232
important to know about
37684
23:50:25,920 --> 23:50:26,920
there are two different types one is
37685
23:50:27,760 --> 23:50:28,760
called half duplex
37686
23:50:29,600 --> 23:50:30,600
this is uh where a network adapter can
37687
23:50:31,600 --> 23:50:32,600
send or receive data but not at the same
37688
23:50:33,760 --> 23:50:34,760
time it's just like uh walkie-talkies
37689
23:50:36,872 --> 23:50:37,872
right you're on a walkie-talkie you
37690
23:50:38,160 --> 23:50:39,160
press the button you talk and what do
37691
23:50:39,600 --> 23:50:40,600
you say over and the next person talks
37692
23:50:41,832 --> 23:50:42,832
talks talks over and then at the end
37693
23:50:43,600 --> 23:50:44,600
both say over and out that means i'm
37694
23:50:45,360 --> 23:50:46,360
leaving but the reason that's like a
37695
23:50:47,360 --> 23:50:48,360
walkie-talkie is i can only talk or
37696
23:50:49,360 --> 23:50:50,360
listen at the same time at one time i
37697
23:50:51,280 --> 23:50:52,280
can't do both
37698
23:50:52,872 --> 23:50:53,872
and that you know in effect
37699
23:50:55,120 --> 23:50:56,120
halves the amount of bandwidth i have
37700
23:50:57,600 --> 23:50:58,600
because i can either send data or
37701
23:50:59,040 --> 23:51:00,040
receive data i can't do both
37702
23:51:01,040 --> 23:51:02,040
now full duplex on the other hand
37703
23:51:03,280 --> 23:51:04,280
this is where the adapter can do both
37704
23:51:04,960 --> 23:51:05,960
simultaneously it can send data and it
37705
23:51:07,040 --> 23:51:08,040
can receive data this is effectively
37706
23:51:09,600 --> 23:51:10,600
doubling the maximum data throughput so
37707
23:51:11,760 --> 23:51:12,760
if i have a thousand
37708
23:51:14,000 --> 23:51:15,000
is my is my bandwidth then now i have up
37709
23:51:17,192 --> 23:51:18,192
to two thousand because i can send up to
37710
23:51:19,832 --> 23:51:20,832
a thousand and download up to a thousand
37711
23:51:22,080 --> 23:51:23,080
now that means up to two thousand you
37712
23:51:23,600 --> 23:51:24,600
would actually have to be making use of
37713
23:51:24,960 --> 23:51:25,960
both of those and i doubt that happens a
37714
23:51:26,640 --> 23:51:27,640
lot um so it's not something you you
37715
23:51:29,040 --> 23:51:30,040
know you're never gonna hit the full
37716
23:51:30,320 --> 23:51:31,320
amount all the time
37717
23:51:32,400 --> 23:51:33,400
but it does double the amount of speed
37718
23:51:34,720 --> 23:51:35,720
you can have and so it's very important
37719
23:51:36,232 --> 23:51:37,232
especially for like switches you want to
37720
23:51:37,680 --> 23:51:38,680
make sure they have full duplex support
37721
23:51:40,552 --> 23:51:41,552
this is similar by the way to a
37722
23:51:42,080 --> 23:51:43,080
telephone you can talk on it
37723
23:51:44,552 --> 23:51:45,552
and you can listen at the same time and
37724
23:51:45,832 --> 23:51:46,832
a lot of times we talk over each other
37725
23:51:49,040 --> 23:51:50,040
now this is usually configured for
37726
23:51:50,552 --> 23:51:51,552
what's called auto negotiation as you
37727
23:51:52,480 --> 23:51:53,480
can see right here
37728
23:51:54,480 --> 23:51:55,480
and that's going to allow the
37729
23:51:56,872 --> 23:51:57,872
computer and the technology to
37730
23:51:59,192 --> 23:52:00,192
automatically negotiate how much the
37731
23:52:02,080 --> 23:52:03,080
duplex speed itself and if we go over to
37732
23:52:03,832 --> 23:52:04,832
windows 7 just so i can show you where
37733
23:52:05,360 --> 23:52:06,360
we're at all right so let's go to start
37734
23:52:08,000 --> 23:52:09,000
let's go to the control panel
37735
23:52:11,360 --> 23:52:12,360
go to network and sharing center which i
37736
23:52:13,120 --> 23:52:14,120
think we've been here before
37737
23:52:15,192 --> 23:52:16,192
i'm going to go to
37738
23:52:16,400 --> 23:52:17,400
change adapter settings and here i have
37739
23:52:18,480 --> 23:52:19,480
both my adapters i'm going to right
37740
23:52:20,232 --> 23:52:21,232
click on this one and go to properties
37741
23:52:23,440 --> 23:52:24,440
and now on the
37742
23:52:27,600 --> 23:52:28,600
uh connect using i'm gonna go to
37743
23:52:28,872 --> 23:52:29,872
configure
37744
23:52:30,080 --> 23:52:31,080
and here i have advanced okay and here i
37745
23:52:32,400 --> 23:52:33,400
can check
37746
23:52:33,920 --> 23:52:34,920
to have my duplex speed and right now
37747
23:52:35,440 --> 23:52:36,440
it's set on auto but i could tell it to
37748
23:52:37,440 --> 23:52:38,440
do
37749
23:52:38,232 --> 23:52:39,232
for instance a thousand megabits per
37750
23:52:39,760 --> 23:52:40,760
second full duplex which would basically
37751
23:52:41,512 --> 23:52:42,512
give me a bandwidth of up to 2000
37752
23:52:43,760 --> 23:52:44,760
megabits per second one for downloading
37753
23:52:45,760 --> 23:52:46,760
and one for uploading
37754
23:52:51,440 --> 23:52:52,440
all right so now we've talked about
37755
23:52:53,192 --> 23:52:54,192
network card properties or nic
37756
23:52:55,360 --> 23:52:56,360
properties which is important to
37757
23:52:58,080 --> 23:52:59,080
make that distinction
37758
23:52:59,760 --> 23:53:00,760
right including status lights bandwidth
37759
23:53:02,960 --> 23:53:03,960
latency
37760
23:53:05,280 --> 23:53:06,280
right and bandwidth and latency again
37761
23:53:07,760 --> 23:53:08,760
that is one is the actual
37762
23:53:11,512 --> 23:53:12,512
and one is the throughput or what
37763
23:53:14,080 --> 23:53:15,080
actually happens and then duplex
37764
23:53:15,920 --> 23:53:16,920
settings remember we have half
37765
23:53:18,800 --> 23:53:19,800
duplex and then full duplex half being
37766
23:53:21,760 --> 23:53:22,760
like a walkie-talkie
37767
23:53:24,552 --> 23:53:25,552
and full being like a telephone
37768
23:53:29,120 --> 23:53:30,120
so let's talk about some network
37769
23:53:30,640 --> 23:53:31,640
configurations
37770
23:53:32,960 --> 23:53:33,960
first wake on lan
37771
23:53:34,800 --> 23:53:35,800
this is used so a computer can be woken
37772
23:53:37,192 --> 23:53:38,192
up by a remote computer over the network
37773
23:53:39,440 --> 23:53:40,440
for instance a server or another
37774
23:53:41,832 --> 23:53:42,832
computer i don't use very often i don't
37775
23:53:43,600 --> 23:53:44,600
want to have to go sit at the computer
37776
23:53:45,440 --> 23:53:46,440
and move the mouse what wol or wake on
37777
23:53:47,920 --> 23:53:48,920
lan allows me to do is do that remotely
37778
23:53:50,232 --> 23:53:51,232
from anywhere in the world the remote
37779
23:53:52,640 --> 23:53:53,640
system sends data to a network adapter
37780
23:53:55,440 --> 23:53:56,440
and it sends that data through something
37781
23:53:56,960 --> 23:53:57,960
called what's called a magic packet and
37782
23:53:58,960 --> 23:53:59,960
the magic packet magically quote unquote
37783
23:54:01,600 --> 23:54:02,600
wakes the computer up and this is how
37784
23:54:03,600 --> 23:54:04,600
wake on lan works it's useful for
37785
23:54:05,832 --> 23:54:06,832
smaller networks when you store data on
37786
23:54:07,760 --> 23:54:08,760
one computer
37787
23:54:09,440 --> 23:54:10,440
and you need to get access from that
37788
23:54:11,120 --> 23:54:12,120
computer at any one time if the computer
37789
23:54:13,440 --> 23:54:14,440
is sleeping to conserve energy then
37790
23:54:15,760 --> 23:54:16,760
you're going to want to you don't want
37791
23:54:16,800 --> 23:54:17,800
to have to go over and wake it up you
37792
23:54:18,640 --> 23:54:19,640
just want it to sort of open itself nope
37793
23:54:20,800 --> 23:54:21,800
no problem
37794
23:54:22,480 --> 23:54:23,480
or turn on itself without any issues
37795
23:54:25,512 --> 23:54:26,512
generally there needs to be firmware
37796
23:54:27,280 --> 23:54:28,280
support for this feature which could be
37797
23:54:29,280 --> 23:54:30,280
in the bios i think we mentioned this
37798
23:54:30,960 --> 23:54:31,960
all the way at the beginning when we're
37799
23:54:32,080 --> 23:54:33,080
talking about bios is that the bios
37800
23:54:33,600 --> 23:54:34,600
needs to support wake on lan or the
37801
23:54:35,760 --> 23:54:36,760
firmware of the nic if it's not
37802
23:54:37,280 --> 23:54:38,280
integrated into the motherboard needs to
37803
23:54:39,120 --> 23:54:40,120
be able to support that
37804
23:54:41,760 --> 23:54:42,760
we also want to talk about something
37805
23:54:42,720 --> 23:54:43,720
called power over ethernet which is a
37806
23:54:44,552 --> 23:54:45,552
really important especially in modern
37807
23:54:46,232 --> 23:54:47,232
day installations the reason is is it
37808
23:54:48,480 --> 23:54:49,480
allows a device to be supplied by the
37809
23:54:51,040 --> 23:54:52,040
ethernet which is also providing the
37810
23:54:52,552 --> 23:54:53,552
network connection so
37811
23:54:55,440 --> 23:54:56,440
as you know ethernet contains
37812
23:55:00,160 --> 23:55:01,160
four twisted pairs or eight cables total
37813
23:55:03,040 --> 23:55:04,040
well not all of those are necessary for
37814
23:55:05,680 --> 23:55:06,680
data some of those provide power and the
37815
23:55:08,000 --> 23:55:09,000
reason i might want to do this is is
37816
23:55:09,680 --> 23:55:10,680
that the um power is going to travel
37817
23:55:11,760 --> 23:55:12,760
along with the data and therefore what
37818
23:55:14,000 --> 23:55:15,000
if i have like a voip phone a voice over
37819
23:55:16,160 --> 23:55:17,160
ip phone or a wireless access point in
37820
23:55:18,800 --> 23:55:19,800
the ceiling someplace i don't want to
37821
23:55:20,640 --> 23:55:21,640
have to worry about a separate power
37822
23:55:22,960 --> 23:55:23,960
connector and then have to find a power
37823
23:55:25,440 --> 23:55:26,440
outlet now i can actually run one cord
37824
23:55:29,040 --> 23:55:30,040
my 100 foot let's say ethernet cord and
37825
23:55:32,232 --> 23:55:33,232
that'll just provide power to the
37826
23:55:33,760 --> 23:55:34,760
wireless access pointer to my voip phone
37827
23:55:36,400 --> 23:55:37,400
and
37828
23:55:37,920 --> 23:55:38,920
i won't have to find another sort of
37829
23:55:40,080 --> 23:55:41,080
plug or another cord so it simplifies
37830
23:55:42,160 --> 23:55:43,160
things a lot and it's used any place
37831
23:55:44,480 --> 23:55:45,480
really where
37832
23:55:45,760 --> 23:55:46,760
the power doesn't need to be too too
37833
23:55:47,040 --> 23:55:48,040
much in some cases if i have like a huge
37834
23:55:49,280 --> 23:55:50,280
router or switch the ethernet's probably
37835
23:55:51,280 --> 23:55:52,280
not going to provide enough power for
37836
23:55:53,192 --> 23:55:54,192
that so it does depend on the device
37837
23:55:55,760 --> 23:55:56,760
itself
37838
23:55:56,960 --> 23:55:57,960
this reduces the need for additional ac
37839
23:55:59,040 --> 23:56:00,040
power outlet and also more cables as
37840
23:56:00,872 --> 23:56:01,872
we've already talked about
37841
23:56:03,360 --> 23:56:04,360
all right now we're going to talk about
37842
23:56:04,320 --> 23:56:05,320
work groups home home groups and domains
37843
23:56:07,192 --> 23:56:08,192
a work group
37844
23:56:08,960 --> 23:56:09,960
is also referred to as peer-to-peer
37845
23:56:10,720 --> 23:56:11,720
networking this is usually a small group
37846
23:56:13,280 --> 23:56:14,280
of computers and 10 or less is
37847
23:56:16,320 --> 23:56:17,320
key you can't have more than 10
37848
23:56:17,920 --> 23:56:18,920
computers on a work group and they share
37849
23:56:20,160 --> 23:56:21,160
the same work group name
37850
23:56:24,552 --> 23:56:25,552
and i'll show you where to find this on
37851
23:56:25,832 --> 23:56:26,832
windows once we get to domain changes
37852
23:56:27,512 --> 23:56:28,512
since they're in the same location as
37853
23:56:28,872 --> 23:56:29,872
you can tell
37854
23:56:30,640 --> 23:56:31,640
and they both act as clients and servers
37855
23:56:33,120 --> 23:56:34,120
so because they all they're a group
37856
23:56:35,440 --> 23:56:36,440
working together
37857
23:56:36,960 --> 23:56:37,960
so this would be if i have
37858
23:56:39,512 --> 23:56:40,512
a router
37859
23:56:40,640 --> 23:56:41,640
and then i have four computers
37860
23:56:43,440 --> 23:56:44,440
computer one
37861
23:56:44,960 --> 23:56:45,960
computer two
37862
23:56:46,640 --> 23:56:47,640
computer three
37863
23:56:48,160 --> 23:56:49,160
and computer four
37864
23:56:50,480 --> 23:56:51,480
i might want just for the sake of
37865
23:56:52,720 --> 23:56:53,720
argument i'm going to have both of these
37866
23:56:54,000 --> 23:56:55,000
in a work group and we'll call it
37867
23:56:55,920 --> 23:56:56,920
accounting
37868
23:56:57,120 --> 23:56:58,120
and then we'll have this other work
37869
23:56:58,400 --> 23:56:59,400
group
37870
23:57:00,080 --> 23:57:01,080
for management
37871
23:57:03,600 --> 23:57:04,600
now with these two work groups they
37872
23:57:05,512 --> 23:57:06,512
won't necessarily be able to talk very
37873
23:57:06,960 --> 23:57:07,960
easily with with each other across the
37874
23:57:09,512 --> 23:57:10,512
groups but within groups these computers
37875
23:57:12,320 --> 23:57:13,320
can share information between one
37876
23:57:14,160 --> 23:57:15,160
another let's say one has all of the
37877
23:57:16,160 --> 23:57:17,160
accounting uh uh in the accounting one
37878
23:57:18,000 --> 23:57:19,000
one has all the quickbooks information
37879
23:57:19,680 --> 23:57:20,680
another has a bunch of excel documents
37880
23:57:21,512 --> 23:57:22,512
they can pull information off of each
37881
23:57:23,192 --> 23:57:24,192
other now of course in some cases we
37882
23:57:25,040 --> 23:57:26,040
might want a centralized computer but
37883
23:57:26,800 --> 23:57:27,800
that's where we get to domains so this
37884
23:57:28,800 --> 23:57:29,800
is what's called peer-to-peer networking
37885
23:57:30,400 --> 23:57:31,400
they are peer-to-peer talking to one
37886
23:57:32,552 --> 23:57:33,552
another
37887
23:57:34,552 --> 23:57:35,552
no information or data is centralized
37888
23:57:37,040 --> 23:57:38,040
right
37889
23:57:37,832 --> 23:57:38,832
every computer acts as a client and as a
37890
23:57:40,480 --> 23:57:41,480
server
37891
23:57:41,440 --> 23:57:42,440
this can lead to issues with backing
37892
23:57:43,360 --> 23:57:44,360
stuff up storing data and so forth which
37893
23:57:45,600 --> 23:57:46,600
is why it's not used
37894
23:57:47,512 --> 23:57:48,512
if there are more than 10 computers
37895
23:57:51,280 --> 23:57:52,280
this is best of course in a small office
37896
23:57:53,680 --> 23:57:54,680
home office situation but really not
37897
23:57:55,760 --> 23:57:56,760
much more now you can also use it at
37898
23:57:57,680 --> 23:57:58,680
home but actually windows has invented
37899
23:58:00,000 --> 23:58:01,000
something called home groups which is
37900
23:58:01,512 --> 23:58:02,512
specifically for use at home
37901
23:58:04,800 --> 23:58:05,800
it was introduced with windows 7 and it
37902
23:58:06,800 --> 23:58:07,800
was and and it's automatically created
37903
23:58:08,720 --> 23:58:09,720
you sort of have no choice over whether
37904
23:58:10,400 --> 23:58:11,400
it's there or not and what it's aimed at
37905
23:58:12,640 --> 23:58:13,640
is being able to share files multimedia
37906
23:58:14,960 --> 23:58:15,960
printers and so forth easily with other
37907
23:58:17,192 --> 23:58:18,192
people in the same home group
37908
23:58:20,552 --> 23:58:21,552
so to get here you go to start control
37909
23:58:22,552 --> 23:58:23,552
panel home group and you automatically
37910
23:58:24,400 --> 23:58:25,400
have access to these home groups and if
37911
23:58:26,552 --> 23:58:27,552
we go and
37912
23:58:27,920 --> 23:58:28,920
take a look at this
37913
23:58:29,920 --> 23:58:30,920
i'm going to close out of where we were
37914
23:58:32,640 --> 23:58:33,640
i'm going to go to the control panel
37915
23:58:36,960 --> 23:58:37,960
and click home groups
37916
23:58:39,040 --> 23:58:40,040
and now automatically i can choose
37917
23:58:42,640 --> 23:58:43,640
what i want to share out on my home
37918
23:58:44,080 --> 23:58:45,080
group
37919
23:58:46,080 --> 23:58:47,080
i could even share additional libraries
37920
23:58:48,000 --> 23:58:49,000
or exclude certain things
37921
23:58:50,080 --> 23:58:51,080
and i can even have a password so anyone
37922
23:58:52,480 --> 23:58:53,480
who wants to get access to this home
37923
23:58:54,000 --> 23:58:55,000
group which is decentralized could
37924
23:58:56,160 --> 23:58:57,160
connect and so if i have four computers
37925
23:58:58,552 --> 23:58:59,552
in my home i might want them all in the
37926
23:58:59,920 --> 23:59:00,920
same home group so i can share movies
37927
23:59:01,920 --> 23:59:02,920
between them or documents or even share
37928
23:59:04,080 --> 23:59:05,080
the same printers and this makes this
37929
23:59:05,920 --> 23:59:06,920
just easier to do because automatically
37930
23:59:10,400 --> 23:59:11,400
when you pull up windows explorer
37931
23:59:13,440 --> 23:59:14,440
it'll automatically let you open your
37932
23:59:16,080 --> 23:59:17,080
home group so you can see right here i'm
37933
23:59:17,680 --> 23:59:18,680
in the home group if there were other
37934
23:59:19,040 --> 23:59:20,040
computers on this network that were
37935
23:59:20,480 --> 23:59:21,480
sharing the same home group you would
37936
23:59:21,920 --> 23:59:22,920
see them right here
37937
23:59:25,512 --> 23:59:26,512
so they're automatically shared from
37938
23:59:27,192 --> 23:59:28,192
windows explorer making this whole thing
37939
23:59:28,960 --> 23:59:29,960
a lot easier to
37940
23:59:31,360 --> 23:59:32,360
create as opposed to work groups and if
37941
23:59:33,512 --> 23:59:34,512
i go back in work groups i would
37942
23:59:35,440 --> 23:59:36,440
literally have to
37943
23:59:37,120 --> 23:59:38,120
go to my network
37944
23:59:39,040 --> 23:59:40,040
and then i could see other devices on my
37945
23:59:41,280 --> 23:59:42,280
network there in my home in my work
37946
23:59:43,512 --> 23:59:44,512
group
37947
23:59:49,280 --> 23:59:50,280
as the name implies this is really
37948
23:59:50,960 --> 23:59:51,960
geared towards home users and not so
37949
23:59:53,440 --> 23:59:54,440
much work environments
37950
23:59:56,232 --> 23:59:57,232
finally we have domains
37951
23:59:58,320 --> 23:59:59,320
domains which are also used in what are
37952
00:00:00,400 --> 00:00:01,400
called client server networks mean that
37953
00:00:02,800 --> 00:00:03,800
there are one or more computers in the
37954
00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:06,040
control of the entire network called
37955
00:00:07,192 --> 00:00:08,192
domain controller
37956
00:00:09,192 --> 00:00:10,192
this is the net this device this server
37957
00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:13,960
this domain controller
37958
00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:16,360
would allow you to log on using an
37959
00:00:17,192 --> 00:00:18,192
administrator u or username and password
37960
00:00:20,232 --> 00:00:21,232
that is centralized so i can go to any
37961
00:00:22,552 --> 00:00:23,552
computer on the domain and use the same
37962
00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:25,720
username and password and be able to get
37963
00:00:26,480 --> 00:00:27,480
on that's the real benefit this enables
37964
00:00:29,360 --> 00:00:30,360
a lot of computers to simultaneously
37965
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:33,000
access
37966
00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:34,120
and if we
37967
00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:36,040
draw draw our thing out again we had
37968
00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:38,120
computer one computer two computer three
37969
00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:40,040
computer four all connected to a switch
37970
00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:45,640
now what happens is i have another
37971
00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:47,160
computer
37972
00:00:47,192 --> 00:00:48,192
called the domain controller
37973
00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:50,360
and all of these computers are on the
37974
00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:52,920
same area but if i want to get
37975
00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:55,640
information i'm always getting it off of
37976
00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:58,120
the server
37977
00:00:58,872 --> 00:00:59,872
if computer one wants to log on i can
37978
00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:02,120
use my username administrator password
37979
00:01:03,120 --> 00:01:04,120
here and that'll get me on i could also
37980
00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:06,040
use the same username and password here
37981
00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:08,440
and that would get me onto this computer
37982
00:01:09,040 --> 00:01:10,040
just as easily as this one so it's
37983
00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:12,120
centralized everything is centralized
37984
00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:16,120
so this centralizes usernames passwords
37985
00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:18,600
among other things information etc
37986
00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:21,400
and if we go over into windows real
37987
00:01:22,232 --> 00:01:23,232
quickly so i can show you this
37988
00:01:24,552 --> 00:01:25,552
the way we get to
37989
00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:27,480
change
37990
00:01:27,440 --> 00:01:28,440
information when it comes to our domain
37991
00:01:30,552 --> 00:01:31,552
is you can go to the system properties
37992
00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:34,120
which i got to from right clicking on
37993
00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:35,720
computer and going to properties but you
37994
00:01:36,320 --> 00:01:37,320
could also get to through control panel
37995
00:01:38,872 --> 00:01:39,872
and then going to system as you can see
37996
00:01:40,960 --> 00:01:41,960
right here all control panel and system
37997
00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:44,600
and then what you do is you go into
37998
00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:46,280
advanced system settings
37999
00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:49,400
and here on computer name tab you see
38000
00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:52,440
something that says
38001
00:01:54,232 --> 00:01:55,232
network id
38002
00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:57,000
which is
38003
00:01:58,872 --> 00:01:59,872
the name your computer has
38004
00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:02,680
on the network
38005
00:02:04,232 --> 00:02:05,232
and then you can also
38006
00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:08,040
choose whether or not to add the
38007
00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:09,400
computer to a domain so here's the
38008
00:02:10,872 --> 00:02:11,872
computer name and here's the domain
38009
00:02:13,512 --> 00:02:14,512
if i wanted to add it to the domain it's
38010
00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:16,680
not going to let me right now because
38011
00:02:16,720 --> 00:02:17,720
there is no domain
38012
00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:24,600
this is really common in larger networks
38013
00:02:26,552 --> 00:02:27,552
enterprise settings any large
38014
00:02:29,192 --> 00:02:30,192
place is really going to have this
38015
00:02:32,872 --> 00:02:33,872
finally locations is a tool in windows
38016
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:37,000
that really lets you
38017
00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:38,680
move from different locations and
38018
00:02:40,232 --> 00:02:41,232
maintain
38019
00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:42,360
different network configurations and
38020
00:02:43,120 --> 00:02:44,120
security settings
38021
00:02:44,872 --> 00:02:45,872
so to get here you would open the
38022
00:02:46,872 --> 00:02:47,872
network and sharing center and there's a
38023
00:02:48,800 --> 00:02:49,800
place that says view active networks and
38024
00:02:50,552 --> 00:02:51,552
let's take a look at that
38025
00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:54,440
we're here in windows i'm going to close
38026
00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:56,440
out of where we were
38027
00:03:06,232 --> 00:03:07,232
now i'm going to go to control panel
38028
00:03:08,640 --> 00:03:09,640
i'm going to go to the network and
38029
00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:10,680
sharing center
38030
00:03:12,552 --> 00:03:13,552
and
38031
00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:14,600
here look choose homegroup and sharing
38032
00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:16,440
options if you remember that from
38033
00:03:16,552 --> 00:03:17,552
earlier but if you see right here it
38034
00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:19,080
says view your active networks
38035
00:03:20,320 --> 00:03:21,320
and if i want i can click on my home
38036
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:23,000
network that's the location i'm at and i
38037
00:03:24,232 --> 00:03:25,232
have an area and it's called home
38038
00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:26,920
network now i can also create another
38039
00:03:27,920 --> 00:03:28,920
network for instance public network or
38040
00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:30,680
work network
38041
00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:31,960
and i could walk through this wizard
38042
00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:33,400
which would take me of creating a new
38043
00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:35,320
location in that area
38044
00:03:36,160 --> 00:03:37,160
now whenever i want to come
38045
00:03:38,232 --> 00:03:39,232
to a different network
38046
00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:41,320
i can simply click connect or disconnect
38047
00:03:44,552 --> 00:03:45,552
that would let me open this uh
38048
00:03:48,552 --> 00:03:49,552
now if i ever want to switch to a new
38049
00:03:50,232 --> 00:03:51,232
network
38050
00:03:52,232 --> 00:03:53,232
i can simply go to here and choose a
38051
00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:55,160
different location and automatically
38052
00:03:59,192 --> 00:04:00,192
it changes my security settings for me
38053
00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:06,920
so i can select where the computer is
38054
00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:08,360
part of uh the home network work or a
38055
00:04:09,920 --> 00:04:10,920
public network and it's going to change
38056
00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:12,600
the security settings for me
38057
00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:13,720
automatically you can also change those
38058
00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:15,800
settings
38059
00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:18,600
all right so now we've talked about
38060
00:04:19,280 --> 00:04:20,280
network configurations
38061
00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:22,360
wake on lan
38062
00:04:24,232 --> 00:04:25,232
which was allowing us to wake up a
38063
00:04:26,480 --> 00:04:27,480
computer remotely power over ethernet
38064
00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:29,720
means that data and power sent through
38065
00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:31,480
that same ethernet cable work groups
38066
00:04:32,800 --> 00:04:33,800
which allow me to share data with other
38067
00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:35,640
computers in my work group home groups
38068
00:04:36,872 --> 00:04:37,872
really for home users and other
38069
00:04:38,232 --> 00:04:39,232
peer-to-peer format which allows me to
38070
00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:41,400
share data with other groups in my home
38071
00:04:42,320 --> 00:04:43,320
other computers my home group and then
38072
00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:45,080
domains for client server setups and
38073
00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:47,640
finally locations which allows me to say
38074
00:04:48,320 --> 00:04:49,320
take a computer and change where it's at
38075
00:04:51,360 --> 00:04:52,360
and automatically in one click changes
38076
00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:53,960
security settings and sharing settings
38077
00:04:55,440 --> 00:04:56,440
finally let's look at sharing resources
38078
00:04:57,280 --> 00:04:58,280
over a network
38079
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,000
so i can first thing i have to do is
38080
00:05:01,832 --> 00:05:02,832
turn on or turn off network sharing and
38081
00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:05,480
i can do this from the network sharing
38082
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:07,000
center or homegroup advanced settings if
38083
00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:09,080
i go over into windows
38084
00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:11,160
i'll see here that i have choose
38085
00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:13,480
homegroup and sharing options
38086
00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:15,640
and here it tells me what i can share on
38087
00:05:16,872 --> 00:05:17,872
my home group but i might also want to
38088
00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:20,440
share other things in which case i need
38089
00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:23,160
to
38090
00:05:23,192 --> 00:05:24,192
change my advanced sharing settings and
38091
00:05:25,680 --> 00:05:26,680
here you see all the advanced sharing
38092
00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:28,120
settings i think we've seen this before
38093
00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:29,800
for instance file and print sharing
38094
00:05:30,232 --> 00:05:31,232
needs to be turned on turning on network
38095
00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:33,480
discovery means other computers can find
38096
00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:35,640
my computer on the network and so forth
38097
00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:41,640
then i can then once i've turned on
38098
00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:43,720
network sharing all i have to do is
38099
00:05:44,232 --> 00:05:45,232
locate the folder or the other resource
38100
00:05:47,192 --> 00:05:48,192
right click it and go to share
38101
00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:50,360
so if we go back again i just turned on
38102
00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:52,680
let's say file and print sharing and now
38103
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:55,000
i want to share
38104
00:05:57,760 --> 00:05:58,760
let's say
38105
00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:00,680
the users folder very big folder i could
38106
00:06:02,232 --> 00:06:03,232
right click
38107
00:06:03,512 --> 00:06:04,512
go to properties
38108
00:06:05,192 --> 00:06:06,192
click sharing
38109
00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:07,800
and now i could
38110
00:06:08,640 --> 00:06:09,640
share this device share this with other
38111
00:06:10,872 --> 00:06:11,872
people it actually is already being
38112
00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:13,640
shared as you can see
38113
00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:15,400
and it's being shared as this which is
38114
00:06:16,320 --> 00:06:17,320
called the unc so it's the computer name
38115
00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:20,600
followed by the folder name
38116
00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:27,960
now if i wanted to permanently share
38117
00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:29,960
something on my computer from another
38118
00:06:30,720 --> 00:06:31,720
one so let's say i just set that users
38119
00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:33,400
folder up and now another computer
38120
00:06:33,832 --> 00:06:34,832
wanted to share it and they wanted to
38121
00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:36,600
have it on their computer at all times
38122
00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:38,360
what i might want to do is do what's
38123
00:06:38,640 --> 00:06:39,640
called mapping a network drive this
38124
00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:41,960
allows you to map a network drive
38125
00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:44,360
someplace a network share and treat it
38126
00:06:45,192 --> 00:06:46,192
like a local drive
38127
00:06:46,872 --> 00:06:47,872
now you do this from the toolbar in the
38128
00:06:48,552 --> 00:06:49,552
computer or from using the net use
38129
00:06:50,232 --> 00:06:51,232
command
38130
00:06:51,280 --> 00:06:52,280
so if we go into the computer
38131
00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:55,800
so i'm going to close out of this where
38132
00:06:56,000 --> 00:06:57,000
we are
38133
00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:00,920
i'm going to open up computer
38134
00:07:02,552 --> 00:07:03,552
and right here map network drive now i
38135
00:07:04,960 --> 00:07:05,960
could say i want to make for instance
38136
00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:07,720
drive x
38137
00:07:08,320 --> 00:07:09,320
a certain folder on the network and i
38138
00:07:10,552 --> 00:07:11,552
could use the unc right here
38139
00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:13,960
so let's say we i was something a server
38140
00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:16,280
called resource server and let's say it
38141
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,000
was a folder called office so that's
38142
00:07:19,832 --> 00:07:20,832
where all the office documents were held
38143
00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:23,000
and then i could click finish and it
38144
00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:24,600
would be done
38145
00:07:24,720 --> 00:07:25,720
reconnecting at login will make sure
38146
00:07:26,400 --> 00:07:27,400
that i do this every single time i
38147
00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:28,760
reboot the computer
38148
00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:31,480
and i could also
38149
00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:33,480
i could also connect using different
38150
00:07:34,080 --> 00:07:35,080
credentials meaning if i'm logged in as
38151
00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:37,960
a standard user but i want to connect
38152
00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:39,800
using an administrator connection i
38153
00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:41,720
could do that
38154
00:07:45,512 --> 00:07:46,512
network drives are mapped according to
38155
00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:47,960
the universal naming convention which
38156
00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:49,400
i've mentioned which is
38157
00:07:50,400 --> 00:07:51,400
and that's formatted rather poorly and i
38158
00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:53,320
apologize for that
38159
00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:54,920
but there's two backslashes and then the
38160
00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:57,160
computer name and then the share name
38161
00:07:58,720 --> 00:07:59,720
now we can also use the net use command
38162
00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:01,800
to do this
38163
00:08:03,512 --> 00:08:04,512
and before i move on to vpn i just want
38164
00:08:05,280 --> 00:08:06,280
to show you that
38165
00:08:09,040 --> 00:08:10,040
i think i talked about that when we
38166
00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:11,320
talked about network printing
38167
00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:13,000
so if i open up the command prompt as an
38168
00:08:14,872 --> 00:08:15,872
administrator
38169
00:08:18,640 --> 00:08:19,640
and it's going to be hard for me to do
38170
00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:20,760
right now because i actually don't have
38171
00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:21,800
anything i can use out for you but let's
38172
00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:23,480
say i could say net use
38173
00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:25,400
i would do
38174
00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:26,920
say the z drive
38175
00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:29,320
computer name
38176
00:08:30,872 --> 00:08:31,872
share name and then i could you know if
38177
00:08:33,192 --> 00:08:34,192
it went even further i might do that as
38178
00:08:34,872 --> 00:08:35,872
well i press enter and this would
38179
00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:37,640
automatically allow me to map the z
38180
00:08:38,552 --> 00:08:39,552
drive to the computer name share name
38181
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:41,000
just like we did in that dialog if you
38182
00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:43,320
do slap a switch question mark to get
38183
00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:45,480
help you'll notice there's some other
38184
00:08:46,480 --> 00:08:47,480
settings you can set here for instance a
38185
00:08:49,280 --> 00:08:50,280
password or a
38186
00:08:51,600 --> 00:08:52,600
username if you want to use a different
38187
00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:53,960
username etc
38188
00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:55,640
also whether or not you want it to be
38189
00:08:56,080 --> 00:08:57,080
persistent meaning continually happen
38190
00:08:58,872 --> 00:08:59,872
you could say persistent yes or no
38191
00:09:02,872 --> 00:09:03,872
so let's talk about a virtual private
38192
00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:05,320
network this creates a virtual private
38193
00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:08,280
network over a public network and that
38194
00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:11,480
public network is of course the internet
38195
00:09:13,832 --> 00:09:14,832
this is as if so this makes it as if you
38196
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:17,080
are sitting at your computer
38197
00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:19,080
in your office even though you're
38198
00:09:20,232 --> 00:09:21,232
someplace else in the world and the
38199
00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:23,080
reason it does this or in the way it
38200
00:09:23,832 --> 00:09:24,832
does this rather is it creates a tunnel
38201
00:09:25,832 --> 00:09:26,832
between your computer and the vpn device
38202
00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:29,160
at your office so here's the world wide
38203
00:09:31,280 --> 00:09:32,280
web or the internet
38204
00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:35,320
okay
38205
00:09:35,512 --> 00:09:36,512
out of that internet
38206
00:09:37,280 --> 00:09:38,280
let's say this is your
38207
00:09:38,872 --> 00:09:39,872
your home
38208
00:09:42,552 --> 00:09:43,552
and you have a router and then you're
38209
00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:45,480
connecting
38210
00:09:46,232 --> 00:09:47,232
say you have your laptop you have your
38211
00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:49,480
desktop and then maybe you have some
38212
00:09:50,232 --> 00:09:51,232
sort of like a home theater pc
38213
00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:55,320
over here
38214
00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:57,160
you also have in your enterprise a
38215
00:09:58,640 --> 00:09:59,640
router
38216
00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:00,600
and then it gets to let's say some place
38217
00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:02,920
on there is your work computer that you
38218
00:10:04,232 --> 00:10:05,232
want to remote into for some reason or
38219
00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:08,040
you want to connect
38220
00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:09,320
to
38221
00:10:09,440 --> 00:10:10,440
a work server
38222
00:10:11,512 --> 00:10:12,512
what you could do if they have it set up
38223
00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:14,760
this way is there would be a vpn device
38224
00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:18,600
in this router or connected to this
38225
00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:20,600
router with an ip address
38226
00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:23,160
or would be using port forwarding
38227
00:10:24,640 --> 00:10:25,640
you would connect using a vpn connection
38228
00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:28,280
that you'd set up at home let's say with
38229
00:10:29,192 --> 00:10:30,192
your laptop
38230
00:10:30,552 --> 00:10:31,552
and that would create a tunnel
38231
00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:39,640
between that device
38232
00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:42,120
and the server
38233
00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:43,480
and this tunnel is going to make outside
38234
00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:46,680
people not able to connect
38235
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:49,000
so it secures the connection as well
38236
00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:51,480
which is why it's used so often
38237
00:10:53,600 --> 00:10:54,600
you can set this connection up by from
38238
00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:56,440
the network and sharing center and if we
38239
00:10:57,280 --> 00:10:58,280
go into windows one more time
38240
00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:02,360
and i close out of that
38241
00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:06,120
i can go to control panel
38242
00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:08,280
network and sharing center
38243
00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:11,400
set up a new connection or network and
38244
00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:13,800
here is the option
38245
00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:15,640
to set connect to a workplace using dial
38246
00:11:17,680 --> 00:11:18,680
up or vpn connection and you would set
38247
00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:21,000
that up you would have to use
38248
00:11:23,120 --> 00:11:24,120
you would use your internet connection
38249
00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:25,320
for vpn and you would use an internet
38250
00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:27,400
address or a server address provided to
38251
00:11:28,480 --> 00:11:29,480
you
38252
00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:30,280
there's also other things you could use
38253
00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:31,800
as well
38254
00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:32,760
but this generally would be given to you
38255
00:11:34,000 --> 00:11:35,000
by your
38256
00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:36,280
administrator at the office
38257
00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:40,360
so as i mentioned you have to know the
38258
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:41,800
ip address the username the password etc
38259
00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:44,600
for the vpn devices for this to work
38260
00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:48,440
all right
38261
00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:49,320
so now we've just talked about sharing
38262
00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:50,920
resources including mapping drives
38263
00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:54,040
and vpns so net let's now just go over
38264
00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:56,920
everything we've talked about which is
38265
00:11:57,280 --> 00:11:58,280
quite a bit
38266
00:11:58,872 --> 00:11:59,872
so we started talking about soho routers
38267
00:12:01,360 --> 00:12:02,360
remember we talked about 802.11 and i
38268
00:12:03,600 --> 00:12:04,600
mentioned
38269
00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:05,400
four different types there was b which
38270
00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:08,120
was 11 megabits per second and ran at 54
38271
00:12:09,832 --> 00:12:10,832
at the sorry the 2.4 gigahertz
38272
00:12:14,160 --> 00:12:15,160
frequency then we looked at g
38273
00:12:17,192 --> 00:12:18,192
which was 54 megabits per second and
38274
00:12:20,232 --> 00:12:21,232
also ran at the 2.4 gigahertz a
38275
00:12:23,192 --> 00:12:24,192
which was also 54 mega megabits per
38276
00:12:25,192 --> 00:12:26,192
second but was at 5 gigahertz
38277
00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:28,280
and then n
38278
00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:30,280
which was 600 megabits per second and
38279
00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:33,160
ran it either 2.4 or 5 gigahertz
38280
00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:36,600
port forwarding which started on the lan
38281
00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:39,080
side i'm sorry the wan side rather
38282
00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:41,960
and port triggering which started on the
38283
00:12:43,192 --> 00:12:44,192
lan side
38284
00:12:45,192 --> 00:12:46,192
network address translation which
38285
00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:48,600
allowed the sharing of one ip address
38286
00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:52,440
or one public ip address
38287
00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:00,040
dmz or demilitarized zone
38288
00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:05,160
which is an area between
38289
00:13:06,800 --> 00:13:07,800
the land and the wan it's sort of used
38290
00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:09,960
for servers and whatnot in between two
38291
00:13:11,192 --> 00:13:12,192
firewalls quality of service thing i
38292
00:13:13,192 --> 00:13:14,192
wanted to remember that it was voip or
38293
00:13:15,440 --> 00:13:16,440
voice over ip and wi-fi protected setup
38294
00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:20,360
which is antiquated
38295
00:13:22,232 --> 00:13:23,232
and has a security flaw but allowed for
38296
00:13:25,040 --> 00:13:26,040
easy
38297
00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:27,080
setup
38298
00:13:27,440 --> 00:13:28,440
on a wireless network we then talked
38299
00:13:29,512 --> 00:13:30,512
about network card properties including
38300
00:13:31,280 --> 00:13:32,280
the status lights remember there's an
38301
00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:34,280
activity
38302
00:13:34,552 --> 00:13:35,552
light
38303
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:36,440
and a connection light
38304
00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:39,400
we talked about bandwidth and latency
38305
00:13:41,192 --> 00:13:42,192
bandwidth being how much data can go
38306
00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:45,080
through latency being the measurement of
38307
00:13:46,872 --> 00:13:47,872
data when it reaches the other place
38308
00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:50,600
and then we talked about duplex settings
38309
00:13:51,512 --> 00:13:52,512
half duplex
38310
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:54,360
which was like a walkie-talkie
38311
00:13:57,680 --> 00:13:58,680
and full duplex
38312
00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:02,120
which was more like a
38313
00:14:02,960 --> 00:14:03,960
phone
38314
00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:06,920
we then looked at network configurations
38315
00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:09,000
such as wake on lan
38316
00:14:12,552 --> 00:14:13,552
and
38317
00:14:14,480 --> 00:14:15,480
power over ethernet
38318
00:14:17,760 --> 00:14:18,760
making it easier for us to install
38319
00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:20,360
network devices we then looked at work
38320
00:14:21,680 --> 00:14:22,680
groups and home groups which are both
38321
00:14:23,680 --> 00:14:24,680
peer-to-peer
38322
00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:27,320
remember home groups was introduced in
38323
00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:29,640
windows 7.
38324
00:14:31,512 --> 00:14:32,512
that's pretty big
38325
00:14:32,960 --> 00:14:33,960
domains
38326
00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:35,720
is the client server setup
38327
00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:40,280
and locations which is easily allows us
38328
00:14:41,832 --> 00:14:42,832
to set up
38329
00:14:43,192 --> 00:14:44,192
security
38330
00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:46,760
settings and network configuration
38331
00:14:52,232 --> 00:14:53,232
then we talked about sharing resources
38332
00:14:53,832 --> 00:14:54,832
including mapping drives which allows a
38333
00:14:56,232 --> 00:14:57,232
more permanent use of those resources
38334
00:14:58,320 --> 00:14:59,320
and vpns which creates a tunnel over the
38335
00:15:01,832 --> 00:15:02,832
public internet
38336
00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:07,720
great
38337
00:15:07,512 --> 00:15:08,512
now that we've talked about configuring
38338
00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:10,040
and setting up a network let's discuss
38339
00:15:11,192 --> 00:15:12,192
in a bit more detail
38340
00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:14,680
uh troubleshooting one
38341
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:19,550
[Music]
38342
00:15:39,512 --> 00:15:40,512
networking troubleshooting networks
38343
00:15:43,280 --> 00:15:44,280
as we reach the end of these videos in
38344
00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:46,360
this lesson on networking we need to
38345
00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:48,760
discuss how to troubleshoot networks and
38346
00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:51,160
this is a pretty
38347
00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:52,440
large field and people spend their
38348
00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:54,040
entire uh you know years and years and
38349
00:15:54,872 --> 00:15:55,872
years and their entire careers studying
38350
00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:57,720
troubleshooting networks so specifically
38351
00:15:58,640 --> 00:15:59,640
i'm going to focus on some of the
38352
00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:01,720
more common problems that i see pop up
38353
00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:03,480
in the test and also i'm going to look
38354
00:16:04,640 --> 00:16:05,640
at the command line tools that pop up on
38355
00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:08,360
the test
38356
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:09,400
specifically in how you can use them to
38357
00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:11,640
troubleshoot
38358
00:16:11,832 --> 00:16:12,832
i may be going into the windows
38359
00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:14,280
environment at some points here but uh
38360
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:17,000
most of what i have to say is going to
38361
00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:18,680
be expressed on the slides
38362
00:16:20,232 --> 00:16:21,232
so we're going to begin this discussion
38363
00:16:21,760 --> 00:16:22,760
as i just mentioned with a look at the
38364
00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:24,600
command line tools you can use when
38365
00:16:26,160 --> 00:16:27,160
troubleshooting your network
38366
00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:29,160
specifically these are ipconfig our sort
38367
00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:31,960
of most general um
38368
00:16:34,552 --> 00:16:35,552
tool that allows us to get the
38369
00:16:36,160 --> 00:16:37,160
configuration of rfp addresses
38370
00:16:38,872 --> 00:16:39,872
ping which can test connectivity
38371
00:16:41,832 --> 00:16:42,832
trace or trace route which uh is an
38372
00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:45,800
advanced form of ping which allows you
38373
00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:48,040
to see
38374
00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:49,960
basically the path the pack it takes as
38375
00:16:52,080 --> 00:16:53,080
it goes from one location to the next
38376
00:16:55,120 --> 00:16:56,120
netstat which looks at the network
38377
00:16:56,872 --> 00:16:57,872
statistics on a specific computer
38378
00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:00,360
particularly ports that are open
38379
00:17:02,080 --> 00:17:03,080
an nbt stat which i highlight here
38380
00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:06,440
because it has to do this nbt which is
38381
00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:09,000
for net bios a windows based naming
38382
00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:12,040
service that we'll talk about but
38383
00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:13,640
specifically this is to look at
38384
00:17:14,960 --> 00:17:15,960
windows names just like dns domain name
38385
00:17:18,552 --> 00:17:19,552
service allows you to convert google.com
38386
00:17:20,872 --> 00:17:21,872
to an ip address netstat is what nbt
38387
00:17:23,832 --> 00:17:24,832
stat or net bios netbios is what you use
38388
00:17:27,360 --> 00:17:28,360
to look at microsoft names of computers
38389
00:17:29,760 --> 00:17:30,760
so your computer has a name josh's
38390
00:17:31,920 --> 00:17:32,920
laptop that uses net bios when it goes
38391
00:17:34,640 --> 00:17:35,640
out on the network
38392
00:17:36,160 --> 00:17:37,160
and then i also want to look at ns
38393
00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:38,600
lookup which is directly related to
38394
00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:40,360
domain name service that's the name
38395
00:17:41,360 --> 00:17:42,360
service lookup so that would look up for
38396
00:17:43,360 --> 00:17:44,360
instance what google.com's ip address is
38397
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:48,280
finally i want to look at the net
38398
00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:49,480
command which we have talked about when
38399
00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:51,160
we talk about services or with using
38400
00:17:53,120 --> 00:17:54,120
mapped drives
38401
00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:55,480
but it's a pretty popular command and
38402
00:17:55,920 --> 00:17:56,920
it's one we need to i want to address
38403
00:17:57,600 --> 00:17:58,600
just again
38404
00:17:58,960 --> 00:17:59,960
then i want to look at troubleshooting
38405
00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:01,320
the comp some common symptoms in
38406
00:18:04,232 --> 00:18:05,232
uh
38407
00:18:05,512 --> 00:18:06,512
windows environment specifically with
38408
00:18:07,360 --> 00:18:08,360
networking including no connectivity
38409
00:18:11,040 --> 00:18:12,040
limited and intermittent connectivity
38410
00:18:14,720 --> 00:18:15,720
slow transfer speeds which we could also
38411
00:18:17,360 --> 00:18:18,360
write as high latency remember that word
38412
00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:22,040
latency we looked at
38413
00:18:24,232 --> 00:18:25,232
a low rf signal specifically in terms of
38414
00:18:27,600 --> 00:18:28,600
wi-fi
38415
00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:31,480
and an ip conflict meaning that there's
38416
00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:33,720
more than one ip address on a network
38417
00:18:34,720 --> 00:18:35,720
which can happen uh when we're using
38418
00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:38,040
static ip addresses not so much with
38419
00:18:39,512 --> 00:18:40,512
dynamic because the server would make
38420
00:18:41,832 --> 00:18:42,832
sure we don't have more than one ip
38421
00:18:43,360 --> 00:18:44,360
address
38422
00:18:45,040 --> 00:18:46,040
we're also going to look at the use or
38423
00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:47,800
what happens when we have an apipa
38424
00:18:48,552 --> 00:18:49,552
address remember that's that
38425
00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:50,920
self-assigned ip address that a computer
38426
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:53,080
gets when it can't find an ip address
38427
00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:55,720
from a dhcp server
38428
00:18:57,360 --> 00:18:58,360
so let's start with the command line
38429
00:18:58,872 --> 00:18:59,872
tools these are extremely useful
38430
00:19:01,512 --> 00:19:02,512
especially in troubleshooting network
38431
00:19:03,120 --> 00:19:04,120
situations and that's really because
38432
00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:06,680
with so many versions of windows
38433
00:19:08,720 --> 00:19:09,720
it's hard sometimes to find the
38434
00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:10,920
information we need and to get there
38435
00:19:11,832 --> 00:19:12,832
quickly and with the command line if you
38436
00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:14,600
know a few tools you can get the
38437
00:19:15,040 --> 00:19:16,040
information you need really quickly
38438
00:19:16,872 --> 00:19:17,872
without having to open up any gui
38439
00:19:18,552 --> 00:19:19,552
interfaces which is why they're still
38440
00:19:20,232 --> 00:19:21,232
one of the preferred methods of
38441
00:19:22,552 --> 00:19:23,552
troubleshooting
38442
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:25,000
on computers today you always want to
38443
00:19:26,400 --> 00:19:27,400
make sure you run the command line as an
38444
00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:29,800
administrator or an elevated mode and
38445
00:19:31,192 --> 00:19:32,192
remember we do that by right clicking on
38446
00:19:33,192 --> 00:19:34,192
command line and clicking run as
38447
00:19:35,512 --> 00:19:36,512
administrator we also need to know some
38448
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:39,000
specific tools that were that we just
38449
00:19:40,160 --> 00:19:41,160
talked about for the a plus exam so
38450
00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:42,920
there are some others out there that
38451
00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:44,760
we're not going to cover these are the
38452
00:19:45,280 --> 00:19:46,280
ones you need to know for the a plus
38453
00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:49,400
exam
38454
00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:51,400
all right so before we get into ipconfig
38455
00:19:52,552 --> 00:19:53,552
let's go over into windows and
38456
00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:57,320
we're going to go to start we're going
38457
00:19:57,832 --> 00:19:58,832
to right click the command prompt and go
38458
00:20:00,080 --> 00:20:01,080
to run as administrator
38459
00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:03,400
so now we have it open i'm going to go
38460
00:20:03,832 --> 00:20:04,832
ahead and cls which is clear screen
38461
00:20:06,872 --> 00:20:07,872
and just for the sake of being clean
38462
00:20:09,120 --> 00:20:10,120
here i'm going to make sure we go back
38463
00:20:10,872 --> 00:20:11,872
to our root directory
38464
00:20:13,360 --> 00:20:14,360
so now we're in c
38465
00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:16,920
so first let's talk about ipconfig
38466
00:20:18,720 --> 00:20:19,720
ipconfig stands for the internet
38467
00:20:20,552 --> 00:20:21,552
protocol configuration or ip
38468
00:20:22,720 --> 00:20:23,720
configuration
38469
00:20:24,320 --> 00:20:25,320
it displays current tcp network
38470
00:20:26,872 --> 00:20:27,872
configuration values so you can see for
38471
00:20:29,512 --> 00:20:30,512
instance here we have
38472
00:20:34,720 --> 00:20:35,720
all this information that we can get
38473
00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:38,040
including our ipv6 address ipv4 subnet
38474
00:20:40,232 --> 00:20:41,232
mask default gateway and so on
38475
00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:43,400
it's the first tool you want to use when
38476
00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:45,320
you're troubleshooting a network because
38477
00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:46,600
this will tell you is the computer
38478
00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:48,440
getting an ip address if it is then you
38479
00:20:49,832 --> 00:20:50,832
know that half of the problem doesn't
38480
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:53,000
exist there is no problem right and so
38481
00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:54,920
we can start to narrow down what the
38482
00:20:55,512 --> 00:20:56,512
issues are i'm getting out if i can't
38483
00:20:57,440 --> 00:20:58,440
get out to the internet but i have a
38484
00:20:58,800 --> 00:20:59,800
valid ip address i know the problem
38485
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:01,960
isn't internal to my network it must be
38486
00:21:02,960 --> 00:21:03,960
the connection that my
38487
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:05,800
router is getting from the network or
38488
00:21:07,192 --> 00:21:08,192
from the isp
38489
00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:10,680
there are also several switches that you
38490
00:21:11,512 --> 00:21:12,512
need to be familiar with
38491
00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:14,440
um
38492
00:21:14,480 --> 00:21:15,480
the first
38493
00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:17,000
is ipconfig all so let me just take a
38494
00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:19,640
second here and go over we'll just run
38495
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,000
ipconfig in the windows environment
38496
00:21:22,552 --> 00:21:23,552
just to show you so we're here i'm going
38497
00:21:25,040 --> 00:21:26,040
to go ipconfig and automatically get all
38498
00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:28,760
this information i'll make this a little
38499
00:21:28,872 --> 00:21:29,872
bigger just to help us
38500
00:21:33,680 --> 00:21:34,680
and what you'll see is that you get
38501
00:21:37,192 --> 00:21:38,192
ip configuration for every adapter
38502
00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:41,800
that is
38503
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:43,000
on the computer so i have an ether i
38504
00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:44,680
have a bluetooth adapter that of course
38505
00:21:46,160 --> 00:21:47,160
would give me some information it's
38506
00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:48,440
disconnected right now local area
38507
00:21:49,360 --> 00:21:50,360
connection etc tunnel adapter if i'm
38508
00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:52,600
using vpn um and then
38509
00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:55,480
others that that are specific to
38510
00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:57,160
software and such
38511
00:21:57,680 --> 00:21:58,680
now the first now what you'll notice i
38512
00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:00,600
want to point out here is that you're
38513
00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:02,360
only getting the ip address the subnet
38514
00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:04,280
mask and the default gateway you're not
38515
00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:06,120
getting any other information and so if
38516
00:22:07,832 --> 00:22:08,832
we go back and we looked at ipconfig all
38517
00:22:10,232 --> 00:22:11,232
and you can see a screenshot on the
38518
00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:12,760
right this shows us a lot more
38519
00:22:13,600 --> 00:22:14,600
information including the dns server
38520
00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:17,800
which was not included originally
38521
00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:20,440
and the mac address which you will call
38522
00:22:21,192 --> 00:22:22,192
as the physical address
38523
00:22:23,360 --> 00:22:24,360
you already have the gateway which is
38524
00:22:24,872 --> 00:22:25,872
provided
38525
00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:27,480
so if we go over into windows 7 we see
38526
00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:30,040
here the information we have and now if
38527
00:22:31,360 --> 00:22:32,360
i i'm going to clear screen this and if
38528
00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:34,040
i run ipconfig all look at how much more
38529
00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:37,000
information appears the most important
38530
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:39,480
one that you really want to pay
38531
00:22:39,832 --> 00:22:40,832
attention to in my view at least
38532
00:22:42,080 --> 00:22:43,080
is
38533
00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:45,000
this one the physical address
38534
00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:47,720
it'll also tell you whether dhcp is
38535
00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:49,320
enabled and some other information but i
38536
00:22:50,552 --> 00:22:51,552
think the most important thing this can
38537
00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:53,080
tell you is the mac or the physical
38538
00:22:54,400 --> 00:22:55,400
address of the adapter and that's
38539
00:22:56,552 --> 00:22:57,552
something you definitely want to take
38540
00:22:57,832 --> 00:22:58,832
into consideration
38541
00:23:01,120 --> 00:23:02,120
so that's a pretty important switch
38542
00:23:02,960 --> 00:23:03,960
giving you a lot more information there
38543
00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:05,480
are a few others that you should be
38544
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:06,760
aware of
38545
00:23:07,920 --> 00:23:08,920
the first is ipconfig release which
38546
00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:12,040
releases the current ip address
38547
00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:14,760
now let's say that i had a bad ip
38548
00:23:16,232 --> 00:23:17,232
address or i have a dual ip address
38549
00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:20,280
you know i'm having an ip error which
38550
00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:21,960
we'll talk about but for some reason i
38551
00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:24,040
have somehow gotten an ip address
38552
00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:26,440
another device already had i could use
38553
00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:28,600
ip release to release that ip address
38554
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:31,960
to another device
38555
00:23:32,872 --> 00:23:33,872
i could also have renew now renew will
38556
00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:36,600
renew the ip address so whereas release
38557
00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:38,760
just lets go of it renew actually lets
38558
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:41,000
go of it and then asks for another in
38559
00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:43,000
that way renew is a little more useful
38560
00:23:44,872 --> 00:23:45,872
and finally ipconfig flush dns erases
38561
00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:49,800
and re-propagates the dns settings so uh
38562
00:23:52,232 --> 00:23:53,232
if you're having trouble for instance
38563
00:23:54,232 --> 00:23:55,232
getting out onto the internet perhaps
38564
00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:57,400
the problem isn't that you're not
38565
00:23:58,080 --> 00:23:59,080
connected but the problem is really that
38566
00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:01,480
you your dns has been poisoned somehow
38567
00:24:03,192 --> 00:24:04,192
and is sending you to the wrong sites so
38568
00:24:05,192 --> 00:24:06,192
by flushing the dns it erases all the
38569
00:24:07,512 --> 00:24:08,512
dns settings and then allows you to
38570
00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:09,960
re-propagate that
38571
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:11,640
and if we go over to windows just really
38572
00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:13,480
quickly
38573
00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:15,800
i could do ipconfig
38574
00:24:17,440 --> 00:24:18,440
renew
38575
00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:20,760
which is going to renew the ip address
38576
00:24:22,232 --> 00:24:23,232
that i have
38577
00:24:23,680 --> 00:24:24,680
and
38578
00:24:24,832 --> 00:24:25,832
ipconfig
38579
00:24:26,552 --> 00:24:27,552
flush dns
38580
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:29,960
automatically just tells you it
38581
00:24:30,552 --> 00:24:31,552
successfully flushed the resolver cache
38582
00:24:32,552 --> 00:24:33,552
and the cache being that information
38583
00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:35,160
it's storing on the computer so now
38584
00:24:35,920 --> 00:24:36,920
every time i go out to a site it's going
38585
00:24:37,360 --> 00:24:38,360
to begin to re-propagate that data from
38586
00:24:39,120 --> 00:24:40,120
off the internet
38587
00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:45,400
now with ipconfig there we can
38588
00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:47,720
troubleshoot with it because if we can
38589
00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:49,400
tell if a computer is receiving an
38590
00:24:50,400 --> 00:24:51,400
actual ip address from a dhcp server or
38591
00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:54,040
if it's being assigned in a pipa or
38592
00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:55,640
self-assigned address if it's being
38593
00:24:56,552 --> 00:24:57,552
signed a self-assigned address then we
38594
00:24:58,800 --> 00:24:59,800
know whether the ip address
38595
00:25:01,040 --> 00:25:02,040
is actually real we can also determine
38596
00:25:03,280 --> 00:25:04,280
whether the ip address is private or
38597
00:25:05,192 --> 00:25:06,192
public if we go over and look at the ip
38598
00:25:07,192 --> 00:25:08,192
address i'm getting right now
38599
00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:10,440
by doing an ipconfig
38600
00:25:11,360 --> 00:25:12,360
you'll notice it's a 10.0.1.28
38601
00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:16,040
well if you as you recall that is a
38602
00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:18,440
private ip address so i am behind a
38603
00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:20,920
network uh i'm behind a router
38604
00:25:23,040 --> 00:25:24,040
if i was getting a public ip address
38605
00:25:25,120 --> 00:25:26,120
then i would know i'm connected directly
38606
00:25:26,720 --> 00:25:27,720
to the isp and this could tell me that
38607
00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:30,440
something was might be wrong or
38608
00:25:31,512 --> 00:25:32,512
different in my setup
38609
00:25:35,192 --> 00:25:36,192
i also could tell if the user can't
38610
00:25:37,120 --> 00:25:38,120
connect to any websites but there are
38611
00:25:40,232 --> 00:25:41,232
but it can connect to other computers on
38612
00:25:42,480 --> 00:25:43,480
the lan then the dns server address is
38613
00:25:45,192 --> 00:25:46,192
probably not configured correctly and by
38614
00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:48,040
releasing and renewing the ip address
38615
00:25:50,080 --> 00:25:51,080
and by flushing the dns that's going to
38616
00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:52,760
help fix that problem
38617
00:25:54,552 --> 00:25:55,552
okay the next one i want to talk about
38618
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:57,000
is ping
38619
00:25:57,192 --> 00:25:58,192
ping it shares the same name if you've
38620
00:25:58,960 --> 00:25:59,960
ever watched like a submarine movie it
38621
00:26:01,120 --> 00:26:02,120
tests whether another host is available
38622
00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:05,400
over the network so we can see if that
38623
00:26:06,552 --> 00:26:07,552
network is live or not
38624
00:26:08,800 --> 00:26:09,800
so you'll see here i pinged google.com
38625
00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:12,680
and it says with 32 bytes of data which
38626
00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:14,680
is the standard packet size and you can
38627
00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:17,320
see it's getting a reply with a certain
38628
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:19,160
time to live in bytes
38629
00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:22,440
the reply indicates the host is alive
38630
00:26:23,832 --> 00:26:24,832
and it can be communicated with if you
38631
00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:27,160
get a request timed out or destination
38632
00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:29,800
host unreachable then that's probably
38633
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:32,440
means that the host is down or it's been
38634
00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:34,680
configured not to accept icmp packets
38635
00:26:36,640 --> 00:26:37,640
icmp packets by the way which we'll talk
38636
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:39,640
about in network plus are the packets
38637
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:41,960
that ping sends out so
38638
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:45,000
if we go over to windows again and i
38639
00:26:45,920 --> 00:26:46,920
clear screen
38640
00:26:47,360 --> 00:26:48,360
you can see as i ping google.com that
38641
00:26:51,040 --> 00:26:52,040
i'm getting a response
38642
00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:55,320
however
38643
00:26:56,232 --> 00:26:57,232
if i ping
38644
00:26:58,832 --> 00:26:59,832
microsoft.com
38645
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:01,400
you'll notice that i get a request timed
38646
00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:03,800
out
38647
00:27:03,680 --> 00:27:04,680
now one thing this could tell me is oh
38648
00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:06,760
this probably means that microsoft's
38649
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:09,080
website is down
38650
00:27:09,440 --> 00:27:10,440
but if we go on the internet
38651
00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:12,760
and
38652
00:27:12,800 --> 00:27:13,800
try to go to microsoft.com's website
38653
00:27:22,872 --> 00:27:23,872
you'll see it's working perfectly fine
38654
00:27:25,120 --> 00:27:26,120
so in this case they have actually
38655
00:27:28,872 --> 00:27:29,872
configured their routers and their
38656
00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:31,720
servers not to accept pings from icmp
38657
00:27:33,512 --> 00:27:34,512
packets which is the reason why this is
38658
00:27:35,120 --> 00:27:36,120
not working
38659
00:27:39,192 --> 00:27:40,192
this also gives you the time that the
38660
00:27:41,040 --> 00:27:42,040
ping took to travel to and from the host
38661
00:27:44,232 --> 00:27:45,232
you see here it says 8 milliseconds 92
38662
00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:48,040
milliseconds 12 milliseconds etc and if
38663
00:27:49,440 --> 00:27:50,440
i'm getting a very high numbers if i got
38664
00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:52,760
a lot of 92s or um you know 400 or
38665
00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:55,960
something then there might be some
38666
00:27:56,160 --> 00:27:57,160
latency issues as well and if we go back
38667
00:27:58,800 --> 00:27:59,800
over real quickly
38668
00:28:01,192 --> 00:28:02,192
you'll see here that the time to live uh
38669
00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:04,440
the time it took was actually pretty
38670
00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:06,040
small
38671
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:11,640
and again this could suggest latency
38672
00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:13,640
issues
38673
00:28:14,080 --> 00:28:15,080
so some of the switches you want to know
38674
00:28:16,232 --> 00:28:17,232
the one of the biggest ones you want to
38675
00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:19,080
know and by the way with this one we use
38676
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:20,760
the hyphen instead of the uh
38677
00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:23,320
the slash i'm not sure of the reason for
38678
00:28:24,232 --> 00:28:25,232
that um but that's the way it's always
38679
00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:27,000
been ping slash t will ping the host
38680
00:28:29,120 --> 00:28:30,120
until the command is stopped manually
38681
00:28:32,552 --> 00:28:33,552
so uh
38682
00:28:33,832 --> 00:28:34,832
you probably want to use that if
38683
00:28:36,320 --> 00:28:37,320
you are what you've rebooted a computer
38684
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:39,160
and you're waiting for it to come up
38685
00:28:40,160 --> 00:28:41,160
and so if we go over there real quickly
38686
00:28:41,920 --> 00:28:42,920
i will initiate one for you
38687
00:28:44,232 --> 00:28:45,232
let's ping
38688
00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:46,440
google.com
38689
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:49,000
and what will happen is it's going to
38690
00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:50,360
keep usually it only gives four but it's
38691
00:28:51,680 --> 00:28:52,680
going to keep pinging
38692
00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:54,280
and it just keeps going until i press
38693
00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:56,440
ctrl c and then it will stop
38694
00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:01,800
ping n
38695
00:29:02,160 --> 00:29:03,160
pings a host a specific amount of time
38696
00:29:04,552 --> 00:29:05,552
so you could specify when you ping it 10
38697
00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:07,800
times or 20 times there are some
38698
00:29:08,720 --> 00:29:09,720
benefits to using that i wouldn't worry
38699
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:11,720
so much about that one for the exam the
38700
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:13,400
one you really want to know about is the
38701
00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:15,800
ping slash t that's the big one
38702
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:19,000
there's also
38703
00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:20,280
ping l
38704
00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:21,720
which pings the host but you can specify
38705
00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:24,120
the amount of bytes you want to send uh
38706
00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:26,920
as opposed to 32 you might want to send
38707
00:29:28,480 --> 00:29:29,480
you know 64 or something that could be
38708
00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:31,720
uh for a bigger test again the one i
38709
00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:34,040
would really worry about is ping t which
38710
00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:36,680
will continually send pings over and
38711
00:29:37,832 --> 00:29:38,832
over again remember you can always do
38712
00:29:39,832 --> 00:29:40,832
ping
38713
00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:41,800
question mark for help and that will
38714
00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:43,720
tell you all the switches
38715
00:29:45,832 --> 00:29:46,832
now we can use ping to troubleshoot
38716
00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:49,640
specifically
38717
00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:51,160
it's really useful to test whether or
38718
00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:53,320
not tcp has been installed properly and
38719
00:29:55,440 --> 00:29:56,440
we can do this by using the loopback
38720
00:29:57,760 --> 00:29:58,760
address you remember we learned when
38721
00:29:59,832 --> 00:30:00,832
we're talking about tcp that these
38722
00:30:02,800 --> 00:30:03,800
addresses these ip addresses this one
38723
00:30:04,872 --> 00:30:05,872
for ipv4 and this one for ipv6 can be
38724
00:30:08,232 --> 00:30:09,232
used to basically ping yourself they are
38725
00:30:10,552 --> 00:30:11,552
the iphones that represent yourself and
38726
00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:13,400
if we go over to windows and we type in
38727
00:30:15,832 --> 00:30:16,832
a ping 127.0.0.1
38728
00:30:19,760 --> 00:30:20,760
you'll notice it's gonna ping us and the
38729
00:30:21,440 --> 00:30:22,440
time takes less than one millisecond
38730
00:30:24,552 --> 00:30:25,552
interestingly you can also ping
38731
00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:27,800
localhost that is the netbios name of
38732
00:30:30,720 --> 00:30:31,720
the 127.0.1
38733
00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:35,000
and if we ping that you see it's pinging
38734
00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:37,080
itself now with the ipv6
38735
00:30:39,192 --> 00:30:40,192
the same thing and it also works
38736
00:30:45,832 --> 00:30:46,832
we can also use ping to verify that a
38737
00:30:47,680 --> 00:30:48,680
computer as i mentioned is backup after
38738
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:50,600
a remote shutdown or uh
38739
00:30:52,552 --> 00:30:53,552
for remote control purposes so if i've
38740
00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:55,800
rebooted it say a server that i've been
38741
00:30:56,872 --> 00:30:57,872
working on i can use
38742
00:30:58,960 --> 00:30:59,960
ping to verify it comes back up so then
38743
00:31:00,872 --> 00:31:01,872
i can remote in and do what i need to do
38744
00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:05,720
all right let's talk about trace route
38745
00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:08,040
trace route
38746
00:31:08,720 --> 00:31:09,720
which is
38747
00:31:10,480 --> 00:31:11,480
condenses that rt
38748
00:31:12,480 --> 00:31:13,480
from route it builds on ping by sending
38749
00:31:15,440 --> 00:31:16,440
packets to a destination beyond the
38750
00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:18,360
local computer's network and it tracks
38751
00:31:19,512 --> 00:31:20,512
the route it takes
38752
00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:23,400
so what it does is it pings each router
38753
00:31:24,800 --> 00:31:25,800
along the way between you and the final
38754
00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:27,720
destination so every time it hits a new
38755
00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:30,040
router it sends back information to you
38756
00:31:31,832 --> 00:31:32,832
so then you can determine
38757
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:35,080
where for instance we're losing
38758
00:31:35,440 --> 00:31:36,440
connectivity
38759
00:31:36,800 --> 00:31:37,800
if i don't have connectivity
38760
00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:39,960
so where a bottleneck occurs or where
38761
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:42,120
connection is failing and if we go into
38762
00:31:43,280 --> 00:31:44,280
windows real quickly
38763
00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:46,360
let's try pinging uh sorry trace
38764
00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:49,800
tracing the packet from us
38765
00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:52,440
to microsoft.com
38766
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:55,080
so what you'll notice and we can see
38767
00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:57,160
when
38768
00:31:56,960 --> 00:31:57,960
it uh
38769
00:31:58,640 --> 00:31:59,640
times out so i have this time capsule
38770
00:32:00,552 --> 00:32:01,552
which is
38771
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:02,720
10.0.0.1.1 which is
38772
00:32:03,920 --> 00:32:04,920
my router and then it seems like it's
38773
00:32:06,480 --> 00:32:07,480
going off into
38774
00:32:08,720 --> 00:32:09,720
uh my
38775
00:32:10,640 --> 00:32:11,640
uh
38776
00:32:11,920 --> 00:32:12,920
local isp and now it's going out into
38777
00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:15,960
other servers right and now here you can
38778
00:32:17,120 --> 00:32:18,120
see it probably hits some sort of
38779
00:32:18,552 --> 00:32:19,552
microsoft server
38780
00:32:20,320 --> 00:32:21,320
and so what's going to happen at this
38781
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:22,760
point
38782
00:32:22,552 --> 00:32:23,552
is it's going to stop giving us
38783
00:32:23,832 --> 00:32:24,832
information
38784
00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:28,040
now if we do this with
38785
00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:29,960
google on the other hand
38786
00:32:30,872 --> 00:32:31,872
let's clear this
38787
00:32:37,280 --> 00:32:38,280
we should see the first few should be
38788
00:32:39,040 --> 00:32:40,040
exactly the same because it's going out
38789
00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:41,960
from us and then it's going out to our
38790
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:45,000
um
38791
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:46,360
to our network
38792
00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:53,160
and now it's out on the isps these are
38793
00:32:54,640 --> 00:32:55,640
the same things we saw before
38794
00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:00,120
and now we're starting to not get some
38795
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:01,720
information here because there's
38796
00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:02,920
probably some stuff along the path it
38797
00:33:04,232 --> 00:33:05,232
doesn't want to show us
38798
00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:07,160
but here we still have
38799
00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:09,000
some ip addresses and so on this will
38800
00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:10,920
keep going until we reach google.com
38801
00:33:12,872 --> 00:33:13,872
server and we could see where any
38802
00:33:15,440 --> 00:33:16,440
hiccups are on the path it's taking we
38803
00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:19,000
can also tell that it only takes 10 hops
38804
00:33:20,800 --> 00:33:21,800
that's what we call this
38805
00:33:22,232 --> 00:33:23,232
10 hops to get between me
38806
00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:25,320
and google so that's like six degrees of
38807
00:33:27,120 --> 00:33:28,120
separation right of kevin bacon this is
38808
00:33:29,440 --> 00:33:30,440
10 degrees of separation to google.com
38809
00:33:35,040 --> 00:33:36,040
the next one i want to look at is
38810
00:33:36,400 --> 00:33:37,400
netstat
38811
00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:38,760
netstat
38812
00:33:39,192 --> 00:33:40,192
gives you current network statistics it
38813
00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:42,760
shows you open sessions to the local
38814
00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:44,760
compute
38815
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:47,000
to the local computer
38816
00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:49,080
this includes which ports are open
38817
00:33:55,280 --> 00:33:56,280
two
38818
00:34:03,512 --> 00:34:04,512
you can also see what network services
38819
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:06,440
are currently running and perhaps some
38820
00:34:07,512 --> 00:34:08,512
shouldn't be so you can see over here it
38821
00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:10,920
shows the if i ran a netstat and i can
38822
00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:13,160
run this on my computer as well that it
38823
00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:15,320
shows
38824
00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:16,320
127.0.0.1 is a local address meaning
38825
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:18,680
it's from my computer and the port
38826
00:34:20,640 --> 00:34:21,640
that's open is 5354. and then what i
38827
00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:24,920
could do is i could go on to the
38828
00:34:26,720 --> 00:34:27,720
internet and search what that is
38829
00:34:28,232 --> 00:34:29,232
interestingly you'll notice that the
38830
00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:31,160
5354 here matches to this one and this
38831
00:34:33,120 --> 00:34:34,120
one to this one so this is probably an
38832
00:34:34,720 --> 00:34:35,720
internal connection made from my
38833
00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:37,960
computer to itself and back again these
38834
00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:40,360
probably create like a figure eight loop
38835
00:34:41,440 --> 00:34:42,440
and if i was having an rdp session i
38836
00:34:43,760 --> 00:34:44,760
would see three three eight nine on
38837
00:34:45,280 --> 00:34:46,280
there if i had an open ftp server i
38838
00:34:48,080 --> 00:34:49,080
would see 25 and i would see the foreign
38839
00:34:50,640 --> 00:34:51,640
address be the foreign computer that i'm
38840
00:34:52,640 --> 00:34:53,640
connected to
38841
00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:56,760
now different from this is nbt stat
38842
00:34:58,960 --> 00:34:59,960
nbt stat
38843
00:35:01,360 --> 00:35:02,360
shows uh the network statistics
38844
00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:05,720
over tcp connections using net bios and
38845
00:35:08,960 --> 00:35:09,960
again net bios is like dns but is
38846
00:35:12,872 --> 00:35:13,872
specifically for microsoft networks
38847
00:35:16,872 --> 00:35:17,872
just like i said
38848
00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:19,720
so what you can do is use the a switch
38849
00:35:21,360 --> 00:35:22,360
to show what the service is running on
38850
00:35:23,360 --> 00:35:24,360
the local remote computer are and i
38851
00:35:25,440 --> 00:35:26,440
would recommend that so what you'll see
38852
00:35:27,440 --> 00:35:28,440
is this says nbt stat a what services
38853
00:35:30,480 --> 00:35:31,480
are running on the ip address
38854
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:33,080
192.168.1.105.
38855
00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:35,720
if you read it without that it would
38856
00:35:36,232 --> 00:35:37,232
simply
38857
00:35:37,192 --> 00:35:38,192
give you your own uh
38858
00:35:40,480 --> 00:35:41,480
your own
38859
00:35:41,680 --> 00:35:42,680
statistics so this allows you to do it
38860
00:35:43,512 --> 00:35:44,512
for another computer
38861
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:48,120
it calls this the name table by the way
38862
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:51,000
so this shows the name and the type of
38863
00:35:52,552 --> 00:35:53,552
computer it is and all the remote
38864
00:35:54,232 --> 00:35:55,232
machines that you are currently
38865
00:35:55,512 --> 00:35:56,512
connected to
38866
00:35:59,040 --> 00:36:00,040
now nslookup
38867
00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:02,760
is the name server lookup service and it
38868
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:05,640
queries a dns server to discover certain
38869
00:36:07,192 --> 00:36:08,192
details about dns
38870
00:36:09,512 --> 00:36:10,512
plain and simple so if we go over and
38871
00:36:12,232 --> 00:36:13,232
take a look at this i'll clear out of
38872
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:15,400
this
38873
00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:16,920
ns lookup
38874
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:18,760
now nslookup runs slightly different
38875
00:36:19,360 --> 00:36:20,360
from the other tools you do nslookup and
38876
00:36:22,160 --> 00:36:23,160
that takes you into an nslookup utility
38877
00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:26,440
you'll see that it says the default
38878
00:36:26,872 --> 00:36:27,872
server is 10.0.1.1 that's where it's
38879
00:36:29,360 --> 00:36:30,360
going for my dns server and now i can
38880
00:36:31,360 --> 00:36:32,360
look up information
38881
00:36:32,872 --> 00:36:33,872
for instance yahoo.com and it'll say oh
38882
00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:37,160
uh
38883
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:38,040
that's these are the three ip addresses
38884
00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:40,360
that could get you to yahoo.com
38885
00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:42,600
or we could do google.com
38886
00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:45,080
and these are all the ip addresses
38887
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:47,160
including a looks like an ipv6 address
38888
00:36:50,232 --> 00:36:51,232
these are all ip addresses
38889
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:53,800
that can get you to the google.com
38890
00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:56,120
server
38891
00:36:56,720 --> 00:36:57,720
and we could go on so for and so so on
38892
00:36:58,872 --> 00:36:59,872
and so forth control c by the way will
38893
00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:01,960
generally get you out of that
38894
00:37:05,512 --> 00:37:06,512
all right the net command
38895
00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:09,480
this is a a actually a collection of
38896
00:37:10,872 --> 00:37:11,872
commands it's not one because we've seen
38897
00:37:12,552 --> 00:37:13,552
it in a few instances and what it is you
38898
00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:15,800
have net and then the next word defines
38899
00:37:16,552 --> 00:37:17,552
what kind of command you want net view
38900
00:37:19,120 --> 00:37:20,120
lets you see which computers are
38901
00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:21,960
currently on the network so if i was to
38902
00:37:23,192 --> 00:37:24,192
do net view
38903
00:37:27,512 --> 00:37:28,512
as you can see i did to the right you'll
38904
00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:30,440
see these are all the devices that are
38905
00:37:31,512 --> 00:37:32,512
available on my current network if i do
38906
00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:34,760
it right now
38907
00:37:35,832 --> 00:37:36,832
net view
38908
00:37:37,280 --> 00:37:38,280
you'll see there's only two devices on
38909
00:37:39,040 --> 00:37:40,040
the network myself and my other my
38910
00:37:40,960 --> 00:37:41,960
router
38911
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:44,440
net share is what we use to remember to
38912
00:37:45,920 --> 00:37:46,920
share or map drives
38913
00:37:48,640 --> 00:37:49,640
i'm sorry to share folders on your
38914
00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:51,480
computer let's go back
38915
00:37:58,160 --> 00:37:59,160
netshare allows you to share folders so
38916
00:38:01,040 --> 00:38:02,040
that other people can view them
38917
00:38:03,512 --> 00:38:04,512
just like right-clicking on a folder and
38918
00:38:05,360 --> 00:38:06,360
going to share
38919
00:38:06,960 --> 00:38:07,960
and net use lets you map network drives
38920
00:38:09,440 --> 00:38:10,440
which we already looked at
38921
00:38:12,232 --> 00:38:13,232
by the way netstart and stop allows you
38922
00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:15,480
to start or stop services like we looked
38923
00:38:16,480 --> 00:38:17,480
at when we talked about printers and if
38924
00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:19,800
we go in and just review that real
38925
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:21,800
quickly i can say net stop spooler which
38926
00:38:24,320 --> 00:38:25,320
will stop the spooler service
38927
00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:28,440
and then i can net start spooler to
38928
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:30,680
start the spooler service
38929
00:38:36,552 --> 00:38:37,552
so now we've talked about some of the
38930
00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:39,000
command line tools used in
38931
00:38:39,192 --> 00:38:40,192
troubleshooting networks including
38932
00:38:41,040 --> 00:38:42,040
ipconfig general configuration data ping
38933
00:38:45,920 --> 00:38:46,920
trace route ping which verifies
38934
00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:49,160
connectivity and trace route which
38935
00:38:49,600 --> 00:38:50,600
traces the route a packet takes
38936
00:38:52,080 --> 00:38:53,080
net stat showing the current network
38937
00:38:54,232 --> 00:38:55,232
statistics
38938
00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:56,440
nbt stat for net bios statistics
38939
00:38:58,960 --> 00:38:59,960
ns lookup for our dns servers and then
38940
00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:02,360
the net command which is actually a
38941
00:39:02,872 --> 00:39:03,872
series of tools
38942
00:39:05,120 --> 00:39:06,120
now let's look at troubleshooting some
38943
00:39:06,320 --> 00:39:07,320
of the common symptoms
38944
00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:11,000
so first let's talk about no
38945
00:39:11,360 --> 00:39:12,360
connectivity
38946
00:39:12,640 --> 00:39:13,640
the first thing you want to do is verify
38947
00:39:14,552 --> 00:39:15,552
your physical cables making sure you
38948
00:39:16,232 --> 00:39:17,232
replug them in using a cable tester etc
38949
00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:20,920
you also want to make sure the network
38950
00:39:21,512 --> 00:39:22,512
adapter is enabled in the device manager
38951
00:39:24,872 --> 00:39:25,872
right so if we go into windows i need to
38952
00:39:27,360 --> 00:39:28,360
make sure
38953
00:39:30,400 --> 00:39:31,400
if i right click on computer
38954
00:39:32,480 --> 00:39:33,480
go to properties
38955
00:39:34,320 --> 00:39:35,320
and then i go into my device manager
38956
00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:38,680
i need to make sure that my network
38957
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:40,360
adapters are all running properly
38958
00:39:42,552 --> 00:39:43,552
and you can see here there's no problems
38959
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:45,160
with any of them
38960
00:39:47,120 --> 00:39:48,120
if it's a laptop and this is an
38961
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:49,800
important one i see this pop up on the
38962
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:51,400
exam all the time okay
38963
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:53,640
if you have a laptop and the user has
38964
00:39:54,720 --> 00:39:55,720
wireless make sure the wi-fi switch or
38965
00:39:57,192 --> 00:39:58,192
button is switched to on otherwise the
38966
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:01,400
wireless card is as good as disabled but
38967
00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:04,040
from a hardware point of view not even
38968
00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:05,640
from the advanced my uh
38969
00:40:06,400 --> 00:40:07,400
device manager you can also ping the
38970
00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:09,720
local computer to make sure tcp is
38971
00:40:10,872 --> 00:40:11,872
installed correctly it could be all the
38972
00:40:12,640 --> 00:40:13,640
hardware is connected but the protocols
38973
00:40:14,720 --> 00:40:15,720
the tcp protocols aren't connected which
38974
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:17,640
is not allowing you to connect
38975
00:40:19,192 --> 00:40:20,192
finally i would verify the internet
38976
00:40:21,120 --> 00:40:22,120
source is on and working meaning you can
38977
00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:24,760
ping your router or your gateway
38978
00:40:29,192 --> 00:40:30,192
you could also try to reboot the
38979
00:40:30,872 --> 00:40:31,872
computer this would reset everything
38980
00:40:32,872 --> 00:40:33,872
this is generally a pretty good step
38981
00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:36,920
you can find out from a user of any
38982
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:38,760
programs or recently installed or
38983
00:40:39,360 --> 00:40:40,360
updated and roll them back again using
38984
00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:42,440
the add remove
38985
00:40:43,920 --> 00:40:44,920
in xp
38986
00:40:45,280 --> 00:40:46,280
programs or the uninstall
38987
00:40:47,680 --> 00:40:48,680
application sort of option
38988
00:40:50,080 --> 00:40:51,080
in windows 7 or vista
38989
00:40:52,320 --> 00:40:53,320
sometimes an anti-virus software or
38990
00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:55,720
firewall software updates can cause
38991
00:40:57,440 --> 00:40:58,440
connectivity issues so be aware of that
38992
00:40:59,600 --> 00:41:00,600
and if something happens most of the
38993
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:02,600
time though you're going to be able to
38994
00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:03,640
fix that by simply rebooting the
38995
00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:05,160
computer
38996
00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:06,280
you also want to make sure you're
38997
00:41:06,400 --> 00:41:07,400
connected to
38998
00:41:08,320 --> 00:41:09,320
an enabled port on a switch or router
38999
00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:11,720
sometimes you can disable
39000
00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:13,800
a port from a switch or router and you
39001
00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:15,480
want to make sure the one you're
39002
00:41:15,280 --> 00:41:16,280
connected to is enabled basically the
39003
00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:18,360
idea is
39004
00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:19,320
check all the physical connections then
39005
00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:21,320
start checking the software connections
39006
00:41:22,400 --> 00:41:23,400
and then you know nothing else talk to
39007
00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:25,640
your isp you can also always test
39008
00:41:27,192 --> 00:41:28,192
with a device you know works
39009
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:30,440
as well
39010
00:41:31,120 --> 00:41:32,120
you can also
39011
00:41:32,232 --> 00:41:33,232
if you know that your soho router isn't
39012
00:41:34,400 --> 00:41:35,400
working or your cable modem or your dsl
39013
00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:37,160
modem unplug them all
39014
00:41:38,320 --> 00:41:39,320
replug in the cable modem replug in the
39015
00:41:40,232 --> 00:41:41,232
soho router
39016
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:43,800
now if you have a limited in or
39017
00:41:44,960 --> 00:41:45,960
intermittent connectivity this is
39018
00:41:46,720 --> 00:41:47,720
different from no connectivity the first
39019
00:41:48,872 --> 00:41:49,872
thing you want to do is ping the
39020
00:41:50,480 --> 00:41:51,480
localhost to see if tcpip is functioning
39021
00:41:53,120 --> 00:41:54,120
because limited or intermittent
39022
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:55,800
connectivity means there isn't a
39023
00:41:56,480 --> 00:41:57,480
permanent big problem like you're not
39024
00:41:58,232 --> 00:41:59,232
plugged in it means something is going
39025
00:42:00,320 --> 00:42:01,320
on and off which is weird
39026
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:03,320
you can also ping the router or another
39027
00:42:04,320 --> 00:42:05,320
system on the network to see how far
39028
00:42:06,320 --> 00:42:07,320
your net your your connection is
39029
00:42:08,720 --> 00:42:09,720
allowing you to get
39030
00:42:11,120 --> 00:42:12,120
if that fails and the user only has
39031
00:42:13,920 --> 00:42:14,920
local connectivity so if i can't ping
39032
00:42:16,872 --> 00:42:17,872
the router or another system on the
39033
00:42:18,960 --> 00:42:19,960
network then something's wrong right
39034
00:42:22,552 --> 00:42:23,552
if paying the router does work try to
39035
00:42:25,192 --> 00:42:26,192
ping a website so again here's my
39036
00:42:27,360 --> 00:42:28,360
computer
39037
00:42:28,720 --> 00:42:29,720
here's my switch here's another computer
39038
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:35,800
maybe here's the router and here's the
39039
00:42:36,480 --> 00:42:37,480
net internet first thing i want to do is
39040
00:42:38,872 --> 00:42:39,872
test does this work
39041
00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:42,120
yes that works now tess does this work
39042
00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:44,600
yes that works now test does this work
39043
00:42:46,160 --> 00:42:47,160
oh no that doesn't work ah so we guess
39044
00:42:48,232 --> 00:42:49,232
the problem is probably here if that
39045
00:42:50,160 --> 00:42:51,160
does work then you can go out some more
39046
00:42:52,480 --> 00:42:53,480
if you can ping the website by name then
39047
00:42:55,120 --> 00:42:56,120
you're probably not having an issue at
39048
00:42:56,552 --> 00:42:57,552
all if you can't ping a website by name
39049
00:42:58,872 --> 00:42:59,872
then you're probably having a problem
39050
00:43:00,080 --> 00:43:01,080
with your dns server your name server
39051
00:43:02,480 --> 00:43:03,480
right you can get out to the internet
39052
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:04,920
but it just can't translate between
39053
00:43:05,760 --> 00:43:06,760
names and ip addresses
39054
00:43:08,232 --> 00:43:09,232
you might also want to try ipconfig
39055
00:43:10,232 --> 00:43:11,232
renew to get a new ip address a lot of
39056
00:43:13,360 --> 00:43:14,360
this is common sense based on the stuff
39057
00:43:15,360 --> 00:43:16,360
we've already talked about so this is
39058
00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:17,960
sort of a conglomeration of all of the
39059
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:19,960
stuff we've discussed
39060
00:43:21,040 --> 00:43:22,040
it you can't have more than one ip
39061
00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:24,120
address on the same network as we'll see
39062
00:43:25,512 --> 00:43:26,512
so
39063
00:43:26,552 --> 00:43:27,552
sometimes if another device comes on it
39064
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:29,720
has been assigned a temporary ip address
39065
00:43:30,872 --> 00:43:31,872
or a dynamic and another device comes on
39066
00:43:32,872 --> 00:43:33,872
that has a statically assigned ip
39067
00:43:35,040 --> 00:43:36,040
address and it's the same one that can
39068
00:43:36,720 --> 00:43:37,720
cause an issue
39069
00:43:39,512 --> 00:43:40,512
it could also be due to physical issues
39070
00:43:42,160 --> 00:43:43,160
faulty patch cables wireless and network
39071
00:43:44,232 --> 00:43:45,232
adapters too far from the access point
39072
00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:48,360
etc
39073
00:43:48,480 --> 00:43:49,480
if you can access some some networks but
39074
00:43:50,720 --> 00:43:51,720
not others in a larger area then use
39075
00:43:53,280 --> 00:43:54,280
trace route to determine where the
39076
00:43:54,960 --> 00:43:55,960
problem is is lying you know that's the
39077
00:43:56,872 --> 00:43:57,872
best thing about trace route it'll tell
39078
00:43:58,640 --> 00:43:59,640
you when the device drops out now if
39079
00:44:02,232 --> 00:44:03,232
we're dealing with slow transfer speeds
39080
00:44:04,320 --> 00:44:05,320
this is probably more related less to
39081
00:44:06,552 --> 00:44:07,552
your network and more related to old
39082
00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:09,960
equipment network congestion or even the
39083
00:44:11,120 --> 00:44:12,120
internet connection depending on how
39084
00:44:12,640 --> 00:44:13,640
large this is at home it's probably
39085
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:15,480
related to your isp
39086
00:44:17,760 --> 00:44:18,760
at a bigger place it could be related to
39087
00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:22,040
you know
39088
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:22,920
a lot of traffic
39089
00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:24,440
or
39090
00:44:25,040 --> 00:44:26,040
old switches or old hubs being used
39091
00:44:27,920 --> 00:44:28,920
instead
39092
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:30,760
you can always run a netstat a to see
39093
00:44:32,872 --> 00:44:33,872
what connections the local computer has
39094
00:44:34,720 --> 00:44:35,720
the internet and maybe if you have
39095
00:44:36,232 --> 00:44:37,232
unnecessary ones then that's where the
39096
00:44:38,552 --> 00:44:39,552
problem occurs if i run netstat a
39097
00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:43,080
or nbt stat a and i see a lot of
39098
00:44:45,760 --> 00:44:46,760
problems occurring
39099
00:44:47,512 --> 00:44:48,512
or a lot of connections then i probably
39100
00:44:49,920 --> 00:44:50,920
uh
39101
00:44:50,872 --> 00:44:51,872
you know have some sort of compromise
39102
00:44:52,872 --> 00:44:53,872
system
39103
00:44:54,480 --> 00:44:55,480
you also want to always try
39104
00:44:56,320 --> 00:44:57,320
updating all your software clearing all
39105
00:44:58,800 --> 00:44:59,800
your caches maybe even power cycling
39106
00:45:01,120 --> 00:45:02,120
everything and that should fix the issue
39107
00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:05,640
if i have a low rf signal and this is
39108
00:45:06,800 --> 00:45:07,800
definitely related to access a wireless
39109
00:45:09,192 --> 00:45:10,192
access point first check the distance
39110
00:45:11,760 --> 00:45:12,760
it might be that you are too far and
39111
00:45:13,832 --> 00:45:14,832
it's just not going to work you want to
39112
00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:16,600
make sure as we've mentioned that the
39113
00:45:17,120 --> 00:45:18,120
access point is in a central location
39114
00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:19,960
and away from anything that's giving off
39115
00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:21,720
a lot of emi
39116
00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:23,400
you may also want to consider upgrading
39117
00:45:24,480 --> 00:45:25,480
to a new wireless adapter you know a lot
39118
00:45:26,800 --> 00:45:27,800
of wireless access points are really not
39119
00:45:29,192 --> 00:45:30,192
that expensive and so it doesn't hurt to
39120
00:45:32,232 --> 00:45:33,232
spend 50 bucks if that's going to get
39121
00:45:33,832 --> 00:45:34,832
you that much more internet connection
39122
00:45:36,080 --> 00:45:37,080
you know
39123
00:45:36,960 --> 00:45:37,960
and you want to update the software on
39124
00:45:38,640 --> 00:45:39,640
the wireless adapter and on the access
39125
00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:41,400
point to the latest firmware versions
39126
00:45:42,160 --> 00:45:43,160
and that can help some speed issues as
39127
00:45:43,832 --> 00:45:44,832
well sometimes you can also try using a
39128
00:45:45,512 --> 00:45:46,512
different channel
39129
00:45:47,360 --> 00:45:48,360
now if i have different ip conflict
39130
00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:50,040
messages you're going to get a message
39131
00:45:50,872 --> 00:45:51,872
that pops up and says there's another
39132
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:53,480
computer on the network with the same ip
39133
00:45:54,232 --> 00:45:55,232
address
39134
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:56,280
the first computer that uses the ip
39135
00:45:57,280 --> 00:45:58,280
address is going to continue to function
39136
00:45:59,192 --> 00:46:00,192
the second one that's trying to join
39137
00:46:00,720 --> 00:46:01,720
that one's not going to work this
39138
00:46:02,640 --> 00:46:03,640
usually happens when you're using static
39139
00:46:04,960 --> 00:46:05,960
ip addresses which means you've self
39140
00:46:06,800 --> 00:46:07,800
self-assigned an ip address so what you
39141
00:46:09,120 --> 00:46:10,120
generally want to do is use a dhcp
39142
00:46:11,832 --> 00:46:12,832
in order to have this all automatically
39143
00:46:13,760 --> 00:46:14,760
configured for you
39144
00:46:16,232 --> 00:46:17,232
now if you're getting in a pipa address
39145
00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:18,920
this is the same generally as no
39146
00:46:19,512 --> 00:46:20,512
connectivity right if you get that ip a
39147
00:46:22,320 --> 00:46:23,320
pipa address when you type in ipconfig
39148
00:46:24,320 --> 00:46:25,320
or ipconfig all then you're failing to
39149
00:46:27,192 --> 00:46:28,192
get an ip address from a dhcp server so
39150
00:46:30,160 --> 00:46:31,160
what are our problems
39151
00:46:31,832 --> 00:46:32,832
well this means uh and by the way
39152
00:46:34,232 --> 00:46:35,232
remember a
39153
00:46:35,360 --> 00:46:36,360
addresses always start with 169.254.
39154
00:46:38,800 --> 00:46:39,800
so the real problem is the computer's
39155
00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:41,720
not getting connectivity maybe you're
39156
00:46:42,552 --> 00:46:43,552
not plugged in
39157
00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:45,000
maybe the dhcp server is down or your
39158
00:46:46,320 --> 00:46:47,320
router is down no matter what the
39159
00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:49,640
problem if you're getting a pipa address
39160
00:46:50,552 --> 00:46:51,552
is that it can't find a dhcp server and
39161
00:46:53,040 --> 00:46:54,040
any problem that could that could cause
39162
00:46:55,600 --> 00:46:56,600
you not getting to a dhcp server whether
39163
00:46:57,760 --> 00:46:58,760
the dhcp server is down whether your
39164
00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:00,680
switch is down whether your
39165
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:03,000
cords are down any of that can be the
39166
00:47:03,832 --> 00:47:04,832
actual problem
39167
00:47:05,832 --> 00:47:06,832
great so now we've finished talking
39168
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:08,600
about troubleshooting common symptoms we
39169
00:47:10,232 --> 00:47:11,232
looked at no connectivity limited and
39170
00:47:12,872 --> 00:47:13,872
intermittent connectivity
39171
00:47:14,720 --> 00:47:15,720
slow transfer speeds low rf signal ip
39172
00:47:18,480 --> 00:47:19,480
conflicts and apipa addresses let's go
39173
00:47:21,040 --> 00:47:22,040
back over all these starting with the
39174
00:47:22,480 --> 00:47:23,480
command line
39175
00:47:27,920 --> 00:47:28,920
so we talked about ipconfig which is
39176
00:47:30,232 --> 00:47:31,232
used to give you your ip address more or
39177
00:47:33,192 --> 00:47:34,192
less
39178
00:47:36,640 --> 00:47:37,640
if you do this slash all don't forget
39179
00:47:38,960 --> 00:47:39,960
that will also give you the physical
39180
00:47:40,480 --> 00:47:41,480
address
39181
00:47:43,680 --> 00:47:44,680
a ping
39182
00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:46,040
right that's to test the connectivity
39183
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:49,480
and by the way i have seen it where they
39184
00:47:50,320 --> 00:47:51,320
will show you
39185
00:47:53,280 --> 00:47:54,280
um the output of a ping and ask you what
39186
00:47:55,832 --> 00:47:56,832
tool this is so it's good to sort of go
39187
00:47:57,680 --> 00:47:58,680
through these and just know what kind of
39188
00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:00,440
tool it's giving you or what kind of
39189
00:48:00,800 --> 00:48:01,800
output it's shooting out
39190
00:48:02,320 --> 00:48:03,320
trace route traces the hops
39191
00:48:04,872 --> 00:48:05,872
and can tell you where bandwidth or
39192
00:48:06,552 --> 00:48:07,552
where latency or where an issue is
39193
00:48:08,080 --> 00:48:09,080
occurring
39194
00:48:09,120 --> 00:48:10,120
net stat shows you the statistics
39195
00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:15,000
on a computer specifically it looks at
39196
00:48:16,480 --> 00:48:17,480
open ports
39197
00:48:18,872 --> 00:48:19,872
nbt stat the reason i mostly see this is
39198
00:48:21,600 --> 00:48:22,600
having to do with net bios okay if you
39199
00:48:23,680 --> 00:48:24,680
see net bios just go straight for nbt
39200
00:48:26,160 --> 00:48:27,160
set that's the answer and remember those
39201
00:48:28,000 --> 00:48:29,000
are the microsoft names so this will
39202
00:48:29,512 --> 00:48:30,512
tell you for instance what computers or
39203
00:48:31,512 --> 00:48:32,512
users are connected to you
39204
00:48:33,512 --> 00:48:34,512
ns look up is to get dns information and
39205
00:48:36,552 --> 00:48:37,552
then the net commands which can be used
39206
00:48:39,040 --> 00:48:40,040
remember to share out something
39207
00:48:41,512 --> 00:48:42,512
to use something
39208
00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:44,600
or to start and stop a service
39209
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:48,440
we then talked about troubleshooting
39210
00:48:48,872 --> 00:48:49,872
common symptoms including no
39211
00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:51,800
connectivity
39212
00:48:53,512 --> 00:48:54,512
which
39213
00:48:55,120 --> 00:48:56,120
could be a physical issue
39214
00:49:00,320 --> 00:49:01,320
or it could be you know anything try
39215
00:49:02,320 --> 00:49:03,320
pinging
39216
00:49:03,512 --> 00:49:04,512
your tcp but generally i'm guessing that
39217
00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:06,920
you're not even connected limited and
39218
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:09,000
intermittent connectivity which
39219
00:49:09,680 --> 00:49:10,680
generally means you're connected but not
39220
00:49:11,360 --> 00:49:12,360
getting an ip address or
39221
00:49:14,400 --> 00:49:15,400
connected but not getting out to the
39222
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:16,680
network which could be a problem with
39223
00:49:17,040 --> 00:49:18,040
the router
39224
00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:19,320
slow transfer speeds check your distance
39225
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:22,360
check your caches etc low rf signal
39226
00:49:25,360 --> 00:49:26,360
upgrade the firmware
39227
00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:33,960
or centralize this the access point
39228
00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:38,280
ip conflicts mean that you have more
39229
00:49:38,960 --> 00:49:39,960
than one ip address generally restarting
39230
00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:41,960
or fix the problem but you want to make
39231
00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:43,800
sure everything is set up dhcp if
39232
00:49:44,552 --> 00:49:45,552
possible and an apipa address generally
39233
00:49:47,440 --> 00:49:48,440
means you're not getting connectivity or
39234
00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:50,680
having limited connectivity so uh
39235
00:49:52,640 --> 00:49:53,640
check you know everything
39236
00:49:56,720 --> 00:49:57,720
between you
39237
00:49:59,832 --> 00:50:00,832
and the dhcp server if there is a dhcp
39238
00:50:02,160 --> 00:50:03,160
server that might be the problem
39239
00:50:08,960 --> 00:50:09,960
okay so now we've talked about all the
39240
00:50:10,872 --> 00:50:11,872
networking stuff let's get into security
39241
00:50:12,720 --> 00:50:13,720
to secure this network that we've just
39242
00:50:14,480 --> 00:50:15,480
created and troubleshot
39243
00:50:19,500 --> 00:50:20,500
[Music]
39244
00:50:36,872 --> 00:50:37,872
welcome to module 21 lesson one
39245
00:50:39,512 --> 00:50:40,512
internet of things technologies it's one
39246
00:50:42,232 --> 00:50:43,232
of the new subjects has been added to
39247
00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:45,480
the latest
39248
00:50:46,080 --> 00:50:47,080
come to exam
39249
00:50:47,760 --> 00:50:48,760
they just expect to have an overview of
39250
00:50:49,832 --> 00:50:50,832
what these things do rather than any
39251
00:50:51,760 --> 00:50:52,760
detail because there's quite a
39252
00:50:53,440 --> 00:50:54,440
diverse array of protocols here
39253
00:50:56,232 --> 00:50:57,232
said wave and plus bluetooth which i'm
39254
00:50:59,512 --> 00:51:00,512
sure you've heard of
39255
00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:02,040
nfc
39256
00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:03,800
infrared
39257
00:51:04,232 --> 00:51:05,232
rfid
39258
00:51:06,552 --> 00:51:07,552
so internet of things
39259
00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:09,800
it's a network of devices appliances
39260
00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:12,280
vehicles physical devices and many of
39261
00:51:14,232 --> 00:51:15,232
them work with sensors or softwares so
39262
00:51:16,552 --> 00:51:17,552
for example when you're
39263
00:51:19,120 --> 00:51:20,120
say let me go down there's a car here
39264
00:51:21,680 --> 00:51:22,680
actually
39265
00:51:23,360 --> 00:51:24,360
you'll have a sensors on your car
39266
00:51:27,512 --> 00:51:28,512
and i didn't want any awards for drawing
39267
00:51:29,760 --> 00:51:30,760
sensors on your car
39268
00:51:31,760 --> 00:51:32,760
breaks
39269
00:51:33,440 --> 00:51:34,440
uh which has been detected by
39270
00:51:36,320 --> 00:51:37,320
goal goes into a cpu of some sort
39271
00:51:39,760 --> 00:51:40,760
when it detects that the wears down and
39272
00:51:41,680 --> 00:51:42,680
say you've got 30 left then it will uh
39273
00:51:44,872 --> 00:51:45,872
communicate to
39274
00:51:46,720 --> 00:51:47,720
the garage
39275
00:51:48,960 --> 00:51:49,960
or computer in the garage that will
39276
00:51:50,960 --> 00:51:51,960
order whatever part you need from the
39277
00:51:52,720 --> 00:51:53,720
manufacturer that will go to the garage
39278
00:51:55,512 --> 00:51:56,512
and then you probably depending on how
39279
00:51:57,600 --> 00:51:58,600
advanced the car is have a notification
39280
00:52:00,480 --> 00:52:01,480
that uh your tires are worn or your
39281
00:52:02,872 --> 00:52:03,872
garage next time you take it in for a
39282
00:52:05,512 --> 00:52:06,512
service we'll have the part in stock
39283
00:52:08,232 --> 00:52:09,232
and um
39284
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:10,600
be able to replace it that's just one
39285
00:52:11,512 --> 00:52:12,512
example of the internet of things
39286
00:52:12,640 --> 00:52:13,640
there's many of many others and it's
39287
00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:15,400
just a phrase that was coined
39288
00:52:16,400 --> 00:52:17,400
uh several years ago
39289
00:52:18,232 --> 00:52:19,232
said wave is a wireless communications
39290
00:52:20,640 --> 00:52:21,640
protocol
39291
00:52:22,080 --> 00:52:23,080
used mainly for home automation for
39292
00:52:24,080 --> 00:52:25,080
example your lighting your security your
39293
00:52:26,320 --> 00:52:27,320
thermostats to set it and all your
39294
00:52:28,320 --> 00:52:29,320
favorite settings works over a mesh
39295
00:52:30,640 --> 00:52:31,640
network so all the devices are um
39296
00:52:33,512 --> 00:52:34,512
interconnected
39297
00:52:35,040 --> 00:52:36,040
and it's controlled by a keypad or you
39298
00:52:37,192 --> 00:52:38,192
could have a key fob of some sort
39299
00:52:39,760 --> 00:52:40,760
and plus
39300
00:52:41,440 --> 00:52:42,440
it's a wireless communication protocol
39301
00:52:43,280 --> 00:52:44,280
again
39302
00:52:44,232 --> 00:52:45,232
monitor sensor data
39303
00:52:46,232 --> 00:52:47,232
this could be your heart rate tire
39304
00:52:48,160 --> 00:52:49,160
pressure television any number of things
39305
00:52:51,832 --> 00:52:52,832
and it's created and managed by the ant
39306
00:52:53,920 --> 00:52:54,920
alliance it's actually a subsidiary of
39307
00:52:56,232 --> 00:52:57,232
garmin who do us the satellite
39308
00:52:58,000 --> 00:52:59,000
technology
39309
00:53:00,720 --> 00:53:01,720
a bluetooth mesh adopted in 2017 it's
39310
00:53:05,040 --> 00:53:06,040
many to many communications
39311
00:53:08,080 --> 00:53:09,080
so the receiver can be a thing a group
39312
00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:10,760
of things or many things for example
39313
00:53:12,552 --> 00:53:13,552
you compare that to unicast multicast or
39314
00:53:15,120 --> 00:53:16,120
broadcast
39315
00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:18,120
all messages are encrypted and
39316
00:53:18,552 --> 00:53:19,552
authenticated so it's pretty secure
39317
00:53:22,720 --> 00:53:23,720
are you sorry you can ignore that one
39318
00:53:25,512 --> 00:53:26,512
near field communications
39319
00:53:29,120 --> 00:53:30,120
a set of communication protocols you're
39320
00:53:31,192 --> 00:53:32,192
probably using this already it allows
39321
00:53:33,120 --> 00:53:34,120
two devices one is usually a smartphone
39322
00:53:35,760 --> 00:53:36,760
to communicate
39323
00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:39,400
now you need to be within four
39324
00:53:39,600 --> 00:53:40,600
centimeters of each other so you have to
39325
00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:41,960
be pretty close
39326
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:43,400
use for contactless payments i know on
39327
00:53:44,320 --> 00:53:45,320
my phone i can enable it to
39328
00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:48,440
act as my
39329
00:53:48,720 --> 00:53:49,720
card credit card or debit card and swipe
39330
00:53:51,440 --> 00:53:52,440
my phone instead of my card quite handy
39331
00:53:54,160 --> 00:53:55,160
if you've forgotten your wallet
39332
00:53:55,280 --> 00:53:56,280
somewhere as well and you need to pay
39333
00:53:56,720 --> 00:53:57,720
for something
39334
00:53:58,552 --> 00:53:59,552
infrared i'm sure you've heard of that
39335
00:54:00,800 --> 00:54:01,800
we used to have this used to be the
39336
00:54:03,280 --> 00:54:04,280
competitor to wireless where companies
39337
00:54:05,512 --> 00:54:06,512
would add an infrared communication
39338
00:54:07,600 --> 00:54:08,600
module on top of their building
39339
00:54:10,400 --> 00:54:11,400
and as long as they had line of sight
39340
00:54:11,680 --> 00:54:12,680
they could get high speed communications
39341
00:54:13,440 --> 00:54:14,440
with another building within i can't
39342
00:54:15,120 --> 00:54:16,120
remember what the range was
39343
00:54:16,800 --> 00:54:17,800
but i mean it fell by the wayside really
39344
00:54:19,680 --> 00:54:20,680
it's similar to visible light but a
39345
00:54:21,440 --> 00:54:22,440
slightly longer wavelength
39346
00:54:23,760 --> 00:54:24,760
uh for example your remote control
39347
00:54:27,120 --> 00:54:28,120
you click that and per second of holding
39348
00:54:29,360 --> 00:54:30,360
down the button it sends out 38 000
39349
00:54:31,512 --> 00:54:32,512
signals
39350
00:54:34,080 --> 00:54:35,080
using internet of things for medical
39351
00:54:35,512 --> 00:54:36,512
diagnostics fire detection
39352
00:54:38,080 --> 00:54:39,080
and remote gasket detention detection
39353
00:54:41,440 --> 00:54:42,440
rfid you'll probably see this if you saw
39354
00:54:43,920 --> 00:54:44,920
the the newest not the newest born film
39355
00:54:47,192 --> 00:54:48,192
a born film um with jeremy uh
39356
00:54:50,480 --> 00:54:51,480
i've forgotten his name now
39357
00:54:52,960 --> 00:54:53,960
jb reiner we had one of these inserted
39358
00:54:55,280 --> 00:54:56,280
in him and they tried to uh and
39359
00:54:57,280 --> 00:54:58,280
unfortunately tried to shoot him with a
39360
00:54:58,640 --> 00:54:59,640
missile to it to cut it out
39361
00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:02,040
but um yes essential to the operation of
39362
00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:05,000
the internet of things it allows
39363
00:55:05,192 --> 00:55:06,192
computers to manage all individual
39364
00:55:06,960 --> 00:55:07,960
things this is compared in the picture
39365
00:55:08,800 --> 00:55:09,800
to a grain of rice so it's pretty small
39366
00:55:11,512 --> 00:55:12,512
uses emi fields to identify and track
39367
00:55:14,232 --> 00:55:15,232
tags atop
39368
00:55:15,512 --> 00:55:16,512
attached to objects
39369
00:55:17,600 --> 00:55:18,600
the attack can actually contain
39370
00:55:18,872 --> 00:55:19,872
electronically stored information so
39371
00:55:22,720 --> 00:55:23,720
this is what's used to target pets
39372
00:55:26,320 --> 00:55:27,320
for example um when when a pet gets lost
39373
00:55:28,872 --> 00:55:29,872
somewhere it can be tagged
39374
00:55:31,192 --> 00:55:32,192
also using tracking vehicles if you've
39375
00:55:33,360 --> 00:55:34,360
ever seen a production line there's tags
39376
00:55:35,040 --> 00:55:36,040
inserted on the vehicle and that updates
39377
00:55:37,192 --> 00:55:38,192
the entire production system as to if
39378
00:55:38,960 --> 00:55:39,960
it's going too fast too slow and and
39379
00:55:41,360 --> 00:55:42,360
when to expect the next vehicle along
39380
00:55:45,280 --> 00:55:46,280
all right so we've covered just in brief
39381
00:55:46,960 --> 00:55:47,960
the z-wave ant plus bluetooth nfc ir
39382
00:55:50,320 --> 00:55:51,320
rfid
39383
00:55:51,760 --> 00:55:52,760
just didn't need to be aware of these in
39384
00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:54,680
case one of the questions pops up in the
39385
00:55:55,512 --> 00:55:56,512
exam
39386
00:55:56,640 --> 00:55:57,640
that's all thanks for watching
39387
00:56:01,690 --> 00:56:02,690
[Music]
39388
00:56:22,480 --> 00:56:23,480
security
39389
00:56:23,760 --> 00:56:24,760
malware
39390
00:56:25,440 --> 00:56:26,440
all of the benefits of networking and
39391
00:56:27,360 --> 00:56:28,360
computers are clear but what about some
39392
00:56:29,512 --> 00:56:30,512
of the downsides
39393
00:56:31,040 --> 00:56:32,040
whenever we create something new of
39394
00:56:32,872 --> 00:56:33,872
course especially a new way to
39395
00:56:34,480 --> 00:56:35,480
communicate we open ourselves up to
39396
00:56:37,120 --> 00:56:38,120
vulnerabilities
39397
00:56:38,552 --> 00:56:39,552
one of these vulnerabilities is malware
39398
00:56:41,600 --> 00:56:42,600
or bad software
39399
00:56:44,872 --> 00:56:45,872
so what we're going to talk about in
39400
00:56:46,080 --> 00:56:47,080
this video and in the coming lessons on
39401
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:49,800
security are all the different
39402
00:56:50,832 --> 00:56:51,832
security weaknesses we have in our
39403
00:56:53,600 --> 00:56:54,600
systems and in this video specifically
39404
00:56:55,920 --> 00:56:56,920
we're going to talk about kind of
39405
00:56:57,440 --> 00:56:58,440
software that installs itself on our
39406
00:56:59,280 --> 00:57:00,280
systems and networks in order to gain
39407
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:02,280
access to some of our most private
39408
00:57:02,720 --> 00:57:03,720
information
39409
00:57:04,232 --> 00:57:05,232
so in this discussion we're going to
39410
00:57:06,080 --> 00:57:07,080
start talking about malware we're going
39411
00:57:07,680 --> 00:57:08,680
to identify different types of malware
39412
00:57:10,160 --> 00:57:11,160
including viruses
39413
00:57:12,552 --> 00:57:13,552
worms
39414
00:57:14,640 --> 00:57:15,640
trojan horses
39415
00:57:16,960 --> 00:57:17,960
logic bombs
39416
00:57:19,192 --> 00:57:20,192
root kits
39417
00:57:21,280 --> 00:57:22,280
spyware
39418
00:57:22,960 --> 00:57:23,960
and adware now while all of these might
39419
00:57:25,600 --> 00:57:26,600
have the misnomer of all being viruses
39420
00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:29,400
this sort of uh be all end-all term that
39421
00:57:31,280 --> 00:57:32,280
we all think of they're all actually
39422
00:57:33,512 --> 00:57:34,512
somewhat different things and as a
39423
00:57:35,680 --> 00:57:36,680
result sometimes we have to deal with
39424
00:57:37,600 --> 00:57:38,600
them differently
39425
00:57:38,872 --> 00:57:39,872
after we talk about identifying these
39426
00:57:40,872 --> 00:57:41,872
things we're going to look at preventing
39427
00:57:42,720 --> 00:57:43,720
them
39428
00:57:43,600 --> 00:57:44,600
first we're going to talk about
39429
00:57:45,280 --> 00:57:46,280
av software or antivirus software which
39430
00:57:48,160 --> 00:57:49,160
is specifically designed to
39431
00:57:50,720 --> 00:57:51,720
stop
39432
00:57:51,760 --> 00:57:52,760
viruses and all these other malware
39433
00:57:54,400 --> 00:57:55,400
forms even though it's called anti-virus
39434
00:57:56,552 --> 00:57:57,552
software we're also going to look at
39435
00:57:58,320 --> 00:57:59,320
windows updates keeping windows up to
39436
00:58:00,320 --> 00:58:01,320
date so that the flaws in the operating
39437
00:58:02,960 --> 00:58:03,960
system that are discovered
39438
00:58:05,040 --> 00:58:06,040
cannot be used by hackers
39439
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:09,000
we're going to get browser settings
39440
00:58:09,512 --> 00:58:10,512
since we're browsing the internet uh
39441
00:58:11,192 --> 00:58:12,192
most of the time we're on it
39442
00:58:12,960 --> 00:58:13,960
this is a
39443
00:58:14,872 --> 00:58:15,872
common area of problems for malware
39444
00:58:18,960 --> 00:58:19,960
a firewall we discussed briefly in
39445
00:58:21,192 --> 00:58:22,192
networking specifically it's something
39446
00:58:22,960 --> 00:58:23,960
that keeps the bad guys out and the good
39447
00:58:25,120 --> 00:58:26,120
guys in
39448
00:58:26,552 --> 00:58:27,552
auto run what happens when we put in a
39449
00:58:28,552 --> 00:58:29,552
cd or another form of media
39450
00:58:31,360 --> 00:58:32,360
when we plug that into windows it
39451
00:58:33,040 --> 00:58:34,040
automatically begins to run of course if
39452
00:58:34,960 --> 00:58:35,960
we have a virus on our system this can
39453
00:58:37,360 --> 00:58:38,360
be an issue
39454
00:58:38,552 --> 00:58:39,552
or on the media rather this can be an
39455
00:58:40,720 --> 00:58:41,720
issue
39456
00:58:41,600 --> 00:58:42,600
and finally the most important
39457
00:58:42,960 --> 00:58:43,960
prevention technique education by
39458
00:58:45,360 --> 00:58:46,360
educating people we can keep them from
39459
00:58:47,040 --> 00:58:48,040
opening things and running things
39460
00:58:48,552 --> 00:58:49,552
they're going to hurt their systems
39461
00:58:50,400 --> 00:58:51,400
and finally that once we talk about
39462
00:58:51,832 --> 00:58:52,832
prevention we're very briefly going to
39463
00:58:53,600 --> 00:58:54,600
discuss removal and troubleshooting
39464
00:58:55,760 --> 00:58:56,760
there was a large part of my career
39465
00:58:57,280 --> 00:58:58,280
where i spent
39466
00:58:58,960 --> 00:58:59,960
most days simply opening computers up
39467
00:59:01,600 --> 00:59:02,600
and um removing viruses from them not
39468
00:59:04,000 --> 00:59:05,000
not hardware opening them but on
39469
00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:07,000
software and uh so this can be a very
39470
00:59:09,192 --> 00:59:10,192
complex issue we're just going to
39471
00:59:10,960 --> 00:59:11,960
briefly scratch the surface of in order
39472
00:59:13,680 --> 00:59:14,680
to
39473
00:59:15,512 --> 00:59:16,512
introduce you to some of the things you
39474
00:59:16,872 --> 00:59:17,872
might see on the a-plus exam
39475
00:59:19,120 --> 00:59:20,120
all right so let's start by talking
39476
00:59:20,640 --> 00:59:21,640
about malware malware is a broad term
39477
00:59:24,000 --> 00:59:25,000
that describes any sort of software
39478
00:59:26,080 --> 00:59:27,080
that's usually designed to infiltrate a
39479
00:59:27,760 --> 00:59:28,760
computer system and maybe even damage it
39480
00:59:30,232 --> 00:59:31,232
without the user's knowledge or consent
39481
00:59:32,552 --> 00:59:33,552
now sometimes the user knows they've
39482
00:59:34,160 --> 00:59:35,160
clicked on something
39483
00:59:35,512 --> 00:59:36,512
but they haven't consented to that thing
39484
00:59:37,440 --> 00:59:38,440
destroying their computer and they don't
39485
00:59:38,800 --> 00:59:39,800
realize it and this has to do with the
39486
00:59:40,480 --> 00:59:41,480
type of uh
39487
00:59:42,872 --> 00:59:43,872
software that has been installed and
39488
00:59:45,280 --> 00:59:46,280
there are several different types there
39489
00:59:47,120 --> 00:59:48,120
are that we're going to cover we're
39490
00:59:48,720 --> 00:59:49,720
going to cover the difference between
39491
00:59:49,760 --> 00:59:50,760
them viruses
39492
00:59:51,680 --> 00:59:52,680
worms which a virus is self-propagating
39493
00:59:55,040 --> 00:59:56,040
just like a virus in your computer
39494
00:59:57,192 --> 00:59:58,192
in your body rather a worm is something
39495
01:00:00,320 --> 01:00:01,320
that can dig through a network and
39496
01:00:02,232 --> 01:00:03,232
doesn't need
39497
01:00:03,440 --> 01:00:04,440
to attach itself to another piece of
39498
01:00:05,760 --> 01:00:06,760
software a trojan horse just like the
39499
01:00:09,280 --> 01:00:10,280
greek myth um
39500
01:00:11,440 --> 01:00:12,440
denotes something that disguises itself
39501
01:00:13,600 --> 01:00:14,600
as one thing but is actually something
39502
01:00:15,040 --> 01:00:16,040
else
39503
01:00:16,232 --> 01:00:17,232
logic bombs which uh despite the name
39504
01:00:19,192 --> 01:00:20,192
sort of sounding odd
39505
01:00:21,040 --> 01:00:22,040
are very dangerous because what they can
39506
01:00:24,232 --> 01:00:25,232
do is basically
39507
01:00:25,760 --> 01:00:26,760
wait on a system until you are ready
39508
01:00:29,192 --> 01:00:30,192
until they are ready to sort of attack
39509
01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:32,920
uh root kits would get to the root of
39510
01:00:34,232 --> 01:00:35,232
your computer the adm administrator
39511
01:00:36,480 --> 01:00:37,480
password more or less and so it can do
39512
01:00:38,400 --> 01:00:39,400
real damage to your system
39513
01:00:40,720 --> 01:00:41,720
spyware which is used to spy on your
39514
01:00:42,872 --> 01:00:43,872
movements on the computer uh perhaps to
39515
01:00:45,120 --> 01:00:46,120
gain password information or information
39516
01:00:47,440 --> 01:00:48,440
for selling you a product and then
39517
01:00:49,440 --> 01:00:50,440
adaware
39518
01:00:50,640 --> 01:00:51,640
or adware which
39519
01:00:52,800 --> 01:00:53,800
is used to advertise to you and get you
39520
01:00:54,960 --> 01:00:55,960
to buy things so all of these different
39521
01:00:56,800 --> 01:00:57,800
things are types of malware and they are
39522
01:00:59,120 --> 01:01:00,120
all different and these are what we're
39523
01:01:00,320 --> 01:01:01,320
going to cover in the upcoming slides
39524
01:01:02,872 --> 01:01:03,872
so first let's talk about a virus this
39525
01:01:04,960 --> 01:01:05,960
is a computer program that can self
39526
01:01:08,000 --> 01:01:09,000
replicate itself and therefore spread
39527
01:01:10,320 --> 01:01:11,320
from one computer to another it's
39528
01:01:12,400 --> 01:01:13,400
probably the one of the most basic types
39529
01:01:15,040 --> 01:01:16,040
of malware that's out there and the key
39530
01:01:17,360 --> 01:01:18,360
is that it does self-replicate okay and
39531
01:01:20,000 --> 01:01:21,000
then therefore because it's
39532
01:01:21,120 --> 01:01:22,120
self-replicating it spreads from one
39533
01:01:22,640 --> 01:01:23,640
computer to another
39534
01:01:24,160 --> 01:01:25,160
many uh much of the time the way that it
39535
01:01:27,040 --> 01:01:28,040
spreads itself is by
39536
01:01:29,040 --> 01:01:30,040
attaching itself to an executable or to
39537
01:01:32,160 --> 01:01:33,160
a legitimate application file for
39538
01:01:34,232 --> 01:01:35,232
instance uh
39539
01:01:35,832 --> 01:01:36,832
you
39540
01:01:36,720 --> 01:01:37,720
have a document or a
39541
01:01:39,760 --> 01:01:40,760
application that you're running on your
39542
01:01:41,120 --> 01:01:42,120
computer and what has happened is the
39543
01:01:42,960 --> 01:01:43,960
virus has infiltrated that document or
39544
01:01:45,600 --> 01:01:46,600
or that program and so when you run it
39545
01:01:48,160 --> 01:01:49,160
it automatically
39546
01:01:50,552 --> 01:01:51,552
starts to run and takes over your
39547
01:01:51,832 --> 01:01:52,832
computer and by doing that it can also
39548
01:01:53,920 --> 01:01:54,920
perhaps attach itself to media that you
39549
01:01:56,320 --> 01:01:57,320
are burning or putting onto a
39550
01:01:59,512 --> 01:02:00,512
unto a um
39551
01:02:01,360 --> 01:02:02,360
thumb drive
39552
01:02:03,120 --> 01:02:04,120
it may not be obvious that the system
39553
01:02:05,360 --> 01:02:06,360
has been infected but that does not mean
39554
01:02:07,040 --> 01:02:08,040
it hasn't been infected so only because
39555
01:02:08,960 --> 01:02:09,960
you don't see it doesn't mean nothing's
39556
01:02:10,232 --> 01:02:11,232
happening and sometimes the
39557
01:02:12,232 --> 01:02:13,232
causes of what is causing or what is um
39558
01:02:16,160 --> 01:02:17,160
oh the symptoms are not necessarily
39559
01:02:18,320 --> 01:02:19,320
clear it could be anything from sluggish
39560
01:02:20,400 --> 01:02:21,400
movements to a lot more network traffic
39561
01:02:23,440 --> 01:02:24,440
to odd files appearing on the desktop
39562
01:02:26,800 --> 01:02:27,800
now a worm is slightly different this is
39563
01:02:29,040 --> 01:02:30,040
similar but what it specifically does is
39564
01:02:31,440 --> 01:02:32,440
it exploits a weakness in the operating
39565
01:02:34,080 --> 01:02:35,080
system or an application so a virus
39566
01:02:36,400 --> 01:02:37,400
remember attaches itself to an
39567
01:02:38,800 --> 01:02:39,800
application in order to get someone to
39568
01:02:40,480 --> 01:02:41,480
run it a worm on the other hand will
39569
01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:44,760
worm its way into an applica application
39570
01:02:46,160 --> 01:02:47,160
or an operating system through a
39571
01:02:48,080 --> 01:02:49,080
weakness in it so whereas the virus
39572
01:02:50,872 --> 01:02:51,872
attaches itself to another application
39573
01:02:53,120 --> 01:02:54,120
the
39574
01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:55,160
worm exploits a weakness that's already
39575
01:02:56,232 --> 01:02:57,232
in the operating system it can also worm
39576
01:02:58,872 --> 01:02:59,872
its way through the network and infect
39577
01:03:00,872 --> 01:03:01,872
other systems without any user
39578
01:03:02,480 --> 01:03:03,480
intervention which is why these can be
39579
01:03:04,320 --> 01:03:05,320
so dangerous
39580
01:03:05,680 --> 01:03:06,680
so you plug up a computer
39581
01:03:08,400 --> 01:03:09,400
to a network that has the worm or your
39582
01:03:10,800 --> 01:03:11,800
computer has the worm you plug it up to
39583
01:03:12,232 --> 01:03:13,232
a network and suddenly you've just
39584
01:03:13,600 --> 01:03:14,600
infected the entire network and it
39585
01:03:15,440 --> 01:03:16,440
begins making its way around unlike a
39586
01:03:17,680 --> 01:03:18,680
virus which requires generally someone
39587
01:03:19,760 --> 01:03:20,760
to activate it generally by attaching
39588
01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:23,000
itself to an application
39589
01:03:24,640 --> 01:03:25,640
as a result
39590
01:03:25,960 --> 01:03:26,960
a worm can therefore
39591
01:03:28,800 --> 01:03:29,800
affect a system a network system much
39592
01:03:30,960 --> 01:03:31,960
quicker than a virus and even a computer
39593
01:03:33,040 --> 01:03:34,040
system because again it doesn't require
39594
01:03:34,400 --> 01:03:35,400
anyone to run anything
39595
01:03:36,960 --> 01:03:37,960
a trojan horse is different this takes
39596
01:03:39,280 --> 01:03:40,280
its name from the trojan horse of greek
39597
01:03:41,040 --> 01:03:42,040
mythology as you remember the um
39598
01:03:44,400 --> 01:03:45,400
greeks and the trojans were in a war and
39599
01:03:46,960 --> 01:03:47,960
what happened was the greeks decided to
39600
01:03:50,320 --> 01:03:51,320
build a large horse a hollow horse that
39601
01:03:53,040 --> 01:03:54,040
they hid themselves inside and then the
39602
01:03:55,440 --> 01:03:56,440
trojans brought that horse believing it
39603
01:03:57,440 --> 01:03:58,440
was a
39604
01:03:58,720 --> 01:03:59,720
sacrifice into their
39605
01:04:00,960 --> 01:04:01,960
um into their gates when they brought
39606
01:04:02,960 --> 01:04:03,960
into the gates they started partying the
39607
01:04:04,872 --> 01:04:05,872
greeks got out let all the other greek
39608
01:04:06,720 --> 01:04:07,720
armies in and destroyed troy
39609
01:04:09,512 --> 01:04:10,512
so uh a trojan horse therefore
39610
01:04:12,640 --> 01:04:13,640
hides itself in
39611
01:04:15,440 --> 01:04:16,440
by looking like something else it is not
39612
01:04:18,080 --> 01:04:19,080
self-replicating unlike viruses and
39613
01:04:20,080 --> 01:04:21,080
worms which are self-replicating
39614
01:04:22,872 --> 01:04:23,872
instead it appears to be useful software
39615
01:04:25,120 --> 01:04:26,120
but when it's run by the user it
39616
01:04:26,720 --> 01:04:27,720
actually harms the computer or steals
39617
01:04:28,720 --> 01:04:29,720
information so again a virus is going to
39618
01:04:31,192 --> 01:04:32,192
attach itself to a program a trojan
39619
01:04:33,440 --> 01:04:34,440
horse is a bad program it just pretends
39620
01:04:36,480 --> 01:04:37,480
to be something else
39621
01:04:38,960 --> 01:04:39,960
now a logic bomb this is dangerous it's
39622
01:04:41,832 --> 01:04:42,832
a piece of code that sits dormant until
39623
01:04:44,640 --> 01:04:45,640
specific conditions are meant for
39624
01:04:46,640 --> 01:04:47,640
instance on a specific date
39625
01:04:49,040 --> 01:04:50,040
so let's say that i've created a and why
39626
01:04:52,160 --> 01:04:53,160
would i want to do this well let's say i
39627
01:04:53,680 --> 01:04:54,680
want to hack
39628
01:04:55,440 --> 01:04:56,440
a government office or a big bank what i
39629
01:04:57,760 --> 01:04:58,760
can do
39630
01:04:58,720 --> 01:04:59,720
is send out a logic bomb that slowly
39631
01:05:00,960 --> 01:05:01,960
infects computers all around the world
39632
01:05:03,680 --> 01:05:04,680
and then on a specific date they all
39633
01:05:05,920 --> 01:05:06,920
launch and start attacking this place
39634
01:05:08,320 --> 01:05:09,320
now no one has known about it beforehand
39635
01:05:10,320 --> 01:05:11,320
because the virus program didn't a virus
39636
01:05:12,232 --> 01:05:13,232
program didn't know what to look for and
39637
01:05:13,920 --> 01:05:14,920
no one is aware of it because it hasn't
39638
01:05:15,360 --> 01:05:16,360
caused problems in the past but at this
39639
01:05:17,600 --> 01:05:18,600
specific point on this specific date
39640
01:05:19,440 --> 01:05:20,440
that logic bomb
39641
01:05:21,440 --> 01:05:22,440
basically hits the mark and starts to
39642
01:05:23,680 --> 01:05:24,680
send out
39643
01:05:24,720 --> 01:05:25,720
issues
39644
01:05:25,920 --> 01:05:26,920
it can be very detrimental because until
39645
01:05:28,400 --> 01:05:29,400
they're activated the user or the
39646
01:05:29,920 --> 01:05:30,920
community as a whole probably doesn't
39647
01:05:31,280 --> 01:05:32,280
know of their existence so that's why
39648
01:05:33,120 --> 01:05:34,120
they're really dangerous
39649
01:05:35,280 --> 01:05:36,280
now a root kit
39650
01:05:36,800 --> 01:05:37,800
hides its existence from normal methods
39651
01:05:38,872 --> 01:05:39,872
of detection by utilizing administrator
39652
01:05:41,832 --> 01:05:42,832
or root access when we talk about root
39653
01:05:44,000 --> 01:05:45,000
access which is a term used more in
39654
01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:46,440
linux than in windows this means you are
39655
01:05:47,680 --> 01:05:48,680
at the base like of a of a plant you're
39656
01:05:50,080 --> 01:05:51,080
at the base of that plant you're at the
39657
01:05:51,512 --> 01:05:52,512
base of the operating system and so by
39658
01:05:53,760 --> 01:05:54,760
having such root access you can hide
39659
01:05:56,480 --> 01:05:57,480
from the people searching for you for
39660
01:05:58,232 --> 01:05:59,232
instance if a criminal
39661
01:06:00,400 --> 01:06:01,400
works is the chief of the police it's
39662
01:06:02,640 --> 01:06:03,640
going to be hard for someone to find
39663
01:06:04,080 --> 01:06:05,080
that to
39664
01:06:06,160 --> 01:06:07,160
find out that person right because they
39665
01:06:07,832 --> 01:06:08,832
have root access to everything so this
39666
01:06:10,080 --> 01:06:11,080
is very difficult to remove you're
39667
01:06:12,232 --> 01:06:13,232
probably going to need to go into safe
39668
01:06:13,600 --> 01:06:14,600
mode and do all sorts of crazy things
39669
01:06:15,120 --> 01:06:16,120
maybe even go into the command line in
39670
01:06:17,280 --> 01:06:18,280
order to remove a root kit
39671
01:06:19,680 --> 01:06:20,680
now spyware
39672
01:06:21,120 --> 01:06:22,120
spyware spies on a user or an
39673
01:06:23,600 --> 01:06:24,600
organization for instance of facebook or
39674
01:06:26,320 --> 01:06:27,320
google
39675
01:06:27,360 --> 01:06:28,360
and gathers private information about
39676
01:06:29,280 --> 01:06:30,280
them without consent or knowledge so
39677
01:06:31,760 --> 01:06:32,760
it's not a virus which is
39678
01:06:33,040 --> 01:06:34,040
self-replicating and doing damage what
39679
01:06:35,192 --> 01:06:36,192
it really is is spying that's specific
39680
01:06:38,232 --> 01:06:39,232
purpose so in some ways it could be
39681
01:06:40,232 --> 01:06:41,232
classified as a virus but what it's
39682
01:06:42,552 --> 01:06:43,552
really doing is sole purpose is not to
39683
01:06:44,400 --> 01:06:45,400
destroy anything or hack anything but in
39684
01:06:47,192 --> 01:06:48,192
fact to spy and so it's in its best
39685
01:06:49,280 --> 01:06:50,280
interest to not be discovered and
39686
01:06:51,192 --> 01:06:52,192
therefore to not do anything weird on
39687
01:06:53,120 --> 01:06:54,120
the system
39688
01:06:54,400 --> 01:06:55,400
so for instance i might want to find a
39689
01:06:56,480 --> 01:06:57,480
about a user's browsing history so i can
39690
01:06:58,320 --> 01:06:59,320
figure out what to sell them or i want
39691
01:07:00,400 --> 01:07:01,400
to log their their keystrokes so i get
39692
01:07:02,400 --> 01:07:03,400
passwords to their information
39693
01:07:05,040 --> 01:07:06,040
this can collect a wide variety of
39694
01:07:06,960 --> 01:07:07,960
information and therefore it's very
39695
01:07:08,552 --> 01:07:09,552
dangerous depending on the type of
39696
01:07:10,232 --> 01:07:11,232
spyware that's installed
39697
01:07:12,480 --> 01:07:13,480
adware on the other hand is advertising
39698
01:07:15,512 --> 01:07:16,512
supported software meaning that the
39699
01:07:17,920 --> 01:07:18,920
whole point of it is to try to make
39700
01:07:19,280 --> 01:07:20,280
money now it seems illogical to me since
39701
01:07:21,600 --> 01:07:22,600
i don't know who would actually click on
39702
01:07:23,280 --> 01:07:24,280
a pop-up that appeared but
39703
01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:27,080
it's generally responsible for those
39704
01:07:27,760 --> 01:07:28,760
unwanted pop-ups that display product
39705
01:07:30,000 --> 01:07:31,000
information the problem is that people
39706
01:07:32,320 --> 01:07:33,320
someone must actually be clicking these
39707
01:07:34,720 --> 01:07:35,720
otherwise they would stop doing it
39708
01:07:37,040 --> 01:07:38,040
the main purpose therefore is to gain
39709
01:07:39,280 --> 01:07:40,280
revenue by click-throughs so basically
39710
01:07:41,600 --> 01:07:42,600
the more you click on these things the
39711
01:07:43,440 --> 01:07:44,440
more money they make which
39712
01:07:45,512 --> 01:07:46,512
leads them to want to create more adware
39713
01:07:49,512 --> 01:07:50,512
all right so now we've just talked about
39714
01:07:51,512 --> 01:07:52,512
some malware including the difference
39715
01:07:53,280 --> 01:07:54,280
between viruses
39716
01:07:55,120 --> 01:07:56,120
worms which worm the way through a
39717
01:07:56,552 --> 01:07:57,552
system
39718
01:07:57,600 --> 01:07:58,600
trojan horses which disguise themselves
39719
01:07:59,760 --> 01:08:00,760
as something else logic bombs which wait
39720
01:08:02,000 --> 01:08:03,000
until specific conditions are met before
39721
01:08:04,000 --> 01:08:05,000
launching
39722
01:08:04,960 --> 01:08:05,960
root kits which are difficult to get rid
39723
01:08:06,872 --> 01:08:07,872
of because they sit under the root the
39724
01:08:08,960 --> 01:08:09,960
administrator access
39725
01:08:10,720 --> 01:08:11,720
spyware which spies on users or
39726
01:08:12,640 --> 01:08:13,640
organizations and adware which is trying
39727
01:08:14,960 --> 01:08:15,960
to make revenue for a client now let's
39728
01:08:17,192 --> 01:08:18,192
look at how we can prevent some of this
39729
01:08:18,960 --> 01:08:19,960
malware
39730
01:08:21,120 --> 01:08:22,120
so anti-virus software every computer
39731
01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:24,600
should have antivirus software running
39732
01:08:25,120 --> 01:08:26,120
on it i don't care if it's a linux a mac
39733
01:08:27,120 --> 01:08:28,120
a pc anything and on the right you'll
39734
01:08:29,280 --> 01:08:30,280
see there are
39735
01:08:30,872 --> 01:08:31,872
countless uh a companies that provide
39736
01:08:34,160 --> 01:08:35,160
virus scan and virus removal and virus
39737
01:08:38,080 --> 01:08:39,080
protection
39738
01:08:39,360 --> 01:08:40,360
these prevent infection from a wide
39739
01:08:41,600 --> 01:08:42,600
variety of malware so although it says
39740
01:08:44,832 --> 01:08:45,832
anti-virus a better term would probably
39741
01:08:47,440 --> 01:08:48,440
be anti-malware since most of these will
39742
01:08:50,232 --> 01:08:51,232
actually prevent or be able to discover
39743
01:08:53,440 --> 01:08:54,440
not just viruses but malware as well
39744
01:08:56,400 --> 01:08:57,400
it needs to be updated with the latest
39745
01:08:58,872 --> 01:08:59,872
engine and date dat or definition files
39746
01:09:02,800 --> 01:09:03,800
so just because you have the software
39747
01:09:04,480 --> 01:09:05,480
doesn't mean it knows what to look for
39748
01:09:06,552 --> 01:09:07,552
and as a result you need to constantly
39749
01:09:08,640 --> 01:09:09,640
update it with what are called data
39750
01:09:10,160 --> 01:09:11,160
files dot dat files these are what are
39751
01:09:12,720 --> 01:09:13,720
called definition files they provide
39752
01:09:14,960 --> 01:09:15,960
definitions of of basically irregular
39753
01:09:18,800 --> 01:09:19,800
software to look for
39754
01:09:20,400 --> 01:09:21,400
to the virus scan program this way the
39755
01:09:22,720 --> 01:09:23,720
virus scan program knows what it's
39756
01:09:24,320 --> 01:09:25,320
trying to find
39757
01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:27,000
it tells the software what to search for
39758
01:09:28,080 --> 01:09:29,080
just like i said
39759
01:09:29,512 --> 01:09:30,512
and it's also important not that you
39760
01:09:31,120 --> 01:09:32,120
just update it but you also run full
39761
01:09:33,280 --> 01:09:34,280
searches regularly when the user is not
39762
01:09:35,920 --> 01:09:36,920
at the computer specifically maybe at
39763
01:09:37,920 --> 01:09:38,920
3am in the morning or 2am it's also
39764
01:09:40,480 --> 01:09:41,480
important this is why you want to leave
39765
01:09:42,160 --> 01:09:43,160
your computer on at night
39766
01:09:45,512 --> 01:09:46,512
uh even if you're not there so the virus
39767
01:09:47,832 --> 01:09:48,832
scan program can run
39768
01:09:50,720 --> 01:09:51,720
all right
39769
01:09:51,832 --> 01:09:52,832
so other than having anti-virus software
39770
01:09:53,832 --> 01:09:54,832
on computer which is going to look for
39771
01:09:55,280 --> 01:09:56,280
antivirus but sometimes it's not going
39772
01:09:57,192 --> 01:09:58,192
to know what to look for right because
39773
01:09:59,280 --> 01:10:00,280
the viruses might come out more
39774
01:10:00,800 --> 01:10:01,800
frequently than the data files or this
39775
01:10:02,400 --> 01:10:03,400
or the definition files so this is why
39776
01:10:04,160 --> 01:10:05,160
we need windows updates which i know
39777
01:10:05,600 --> 01:10:06,600
we've talked about but i'm going to
39778
01:10:06,640 --> 01:10:07,640
mention them again here it's important
39779
01:10:08,640 --> 01:10:09,640
to have uh your computer be up to date
39780
01:10:11,192 --> 01:10:12,192
with the latest service packs updates
39781
01:10:12,960 --> 01:10:13,960
and everything otherwise it's
39782
01:10:14,800 --> 01:10:15,800
susceptible to attacks by worms etc
39783
01:10:17,600 --> 01:10:18,600
remember worms are taking advantage of
39784
01:10:20,160 --> 01:10:21,160
um weaknesses in the system now here's
39785
01:10:22,720 --> 01:10:23,720
the other thing with windows updates the
39786
01:10:24,320 --> 01:10:25,320
minute microsoft releases a windows
39787
01:10:26,552 --> 01:10:27,552
update it's basically telling every
39788
01:10:28,400 --> 01:10:29,400
hacker every virus creator out there
39789
01:10:30,320 --> 01:10:31,320
every worm creator out there that there
39790
01:10:32,232 --> 01:10:33,232
is now a flaw in their operating system
39791
01:10:34,160 --> 01:10:35,160
and so for everyone who doesn't update
39792
01:10:36,232 --> 01:10:37,232
you now have an automatic weakness that
39793
01:10:38,000 --> 01:10:39,000
microsoft has pointed out to software
39794
01:10:39,760 --> 01:10:40,760
developers not very good on them
39795
01:10:42,640 --> 01:10:43,640
so it's important for you to check for
39796
01:10:44,400 --> 01:10:45,400
updates periodically or set the system
39797
01:10:46,720 --> 01:10:47,720
to check automatically for you
39798
01:10:49,920 --> 01:10:50,920
in fact if we go over to wind if we go
39799
01:10:52,000 --> 01:10:53,000
over there right now
39800
01:10:54,960 --> 01:10:55,960
we can go to search for windows updates
39801
01:11:01,512 --> 01:11:02,512
and here we'll see there are 14 updates
39802
01:11:03,440 --> 01:11:04,440
that are available right now the most
39803
01:11:06,552 --> 01:11:07,552
recently updates were installed at 2 14
39804
01:11:09,680 --> 01:11:10,680
today and you can see that even between
39805
01:11:12,480 --> 01:11:13,480
then and now there's been some updates
39806
01:11:14,720 --> 01:11:15,720
and what we could do here is see the
39807
01:11:16,000 --> 01:11:17,000
important updates that are available
39808
01:11:18,552 --> 01:11:19,552
and then i could go ahead and upgrade
39809
01:11:19,920 --> 01:11:20,920
them if i'm ready which i'll wait to do
39810
01:11:22,000 --> 01:11:23,000
the other important thing to realize
39811
01:11:23,600 --> 01:11:24,600
here is that we have um
39812
01:11:26,400 --> 01:11:27,400
settings
39813
01:11:27,600 --> 01:11:28,600
on windows updates and what we generally
39814
01:11:29,360 --> 01:11:30,360
want to do is have them install updates
39815
01:11:31,360 --> 01:11:32,360
automatically and i see i have every day
39816
01:11:33,680 --> 01:11:34,680
at 3am you can also have it download the
39817
01:11:36,000 --> 01:11:37,000
updates but have it choose whether to
39818
01:11:37,920 --> 01:11:38,920
install them and you might want to do
39819
01:11:39,120 --> 01:11:40,120
that if you're doing a say on a
39820
01:11:41,280 --> 01:11:42,280
large
39821
01:11:42,720 --> 01:11:43,720
network
39822
01:11:44,080 --> 01:11:45,080
where an update might bring down
39823
01:11:45,832 --> 01:11:46,832
something and in this case you generally
39824
01:11:47,512 --> 01:11:48,512
have a test computer
39825
01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:52,440
when the computer is on but you're not
39826
01:11:53,512 --> 01:11:54,512
there is when you want to update as i
39827
01:11:55,512 --> 01:11:56,512
said it was 3 am on the place where i
39828
01:11:57,360 --> 01:11:58,360
updated it
39829
01:11:59,920 --> 01:12:00,920
all right now let's look at browser
39830
01:12:01,440 --> 01:12:02,440
settings from the security tab in the
39831
01:12:03,680 --> 01:12:04,680
internet options box you can increase
39832
01:12:05,760 --> 01:12:06,760
your security level you'll notice right
39833
01:12:08,552 --> 01:12:09,552
here
39834
01:12:10,640 --> 01:12:11,640
you see the security zone
39835
01:12:12,552 --> 01:12:13,552
level for the zone and it's at medium
39836
01:12:15,040 --> 01:12:16,040
high if i want to make sure nothing's
39837
01:12:16,720 --> 01:12:17,720
going to get in i move it up to high the
39838
01:12:18,552 --> 01:12:19,552
problem of course is the higher i go the
39839
01:12:20,720 --> 01:12:21,720
more difficult it is going to be for me
39840
01:12:22,160 --> 01:12:23,160
to browse and so you want to find a nice
39841
01:12:24,000 --> 01:12:25,000
sort of balance between them
39842
01:12:26,480 --> 01:12:27,480
you can also turn on fishing filters and
39843
01:12:28,720 --> 01:12:29,720
pop-up blockers that are allowed uh in
39844
01:12:31,440 --> 01:12:32,440
advance and privacy and that way you
39845
01:12:33,680 --> 01:12:34,680
make sure that it's that even if you're
39846
01:12:35,192 --> 01:12:36,192
not educated the person using your
39847
01:12:36,872 --> 01:12:37,872
computer isn't going to do anything
39848
01:12:38,640 --> 01:12:39,640
that's a little weird
39849
01:12:40,640 --> 01:12:41,640
this is as i just mentioned it's going
39850
01:12:42,232 --> 01:12:43,232
to keep the uneducated users from
39851
01:12:43,360 --> 01:12:44,360
accidentally clicking something and if
39852
01:12:44,640 --> 01:12:45,640
we go over into
39853
01:12:46,320 --> 01:12:47,320
here for a second remember there are two
39854
01:12:47,680 --> 01:12:48,680
ways to get to internet options or to
39855
01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:50,760
our browser settings at least in
39856
01:12:51,680 --> 01:12:52,680
internet explorer one is to go into
39857
01:12:53,360 --> 01:12:54,360
internet explorer and go to options the
39858
01:12:55,760 --> 01:12:56,760
other one of course is to go to the
39859
01:12:57,040 --> 01:12:58,040
control panel and here we have internet
39860
01:12:59,512 --> 01:13:00,512
options we can choose from now remember
39861
01:13:00,960 --> 01:13:01,960
this is just for internet explorer so if
39862
01:13:03,040 --> 01:13:04,040
you're using firefox or chrome you'll
39863
01:13:04,640 --> 01:13:05,640
want to do this as well here in security
39864
01:13:07,440 --> 01:13:08,440
we can
39865
01:13:08,720 --> 01:13:09,720
move up make it higher or lower we can
39866
01:13:11,360 --> 01:13:12,360
even set zones as to where we are
39867
01:13:14,000 --> 01:13:15,000
just like we could with locations for
39868
01:13:16,000 --> 01:13:17,000
networking
39869
01:13:17,760 --> 01:13:18,760
we could also set a custom label a
39870
01:13:19,600 --> 01:13:20,600
custom level where we could say you know
39871
01:13:21,760 --> 01:13:22,760
what we want this
39872
01:13:23,680 --> 01:13:24,680
to do or not to do
39873
01:13:25,280 --> 01:13:26,280
and we could reset that to save this as
39874
01:13:28,232 --> 01:13:29,232
a certain settings or reset it to one of
39875
01:13:30,640 --> 01:13:31,640
our previous set custom settings
39876
01:13:33,360 --> 01:13:34,360
also as i mentioned there are other
39877
01:13:35,280 --> 01:13:36,280
advanced settings you might want to take
39878
01:13:37,120 --> 01:13:38,120
a look at
39879
01:13:38,320 --> 01:13:39,320
such as
39880
01:13:40,552 --> 01:13:41,552
multimedia that you allow to run
39881
01:13:44,872 --> 01:13:45,872
and they're also you could have add-ons
39882
01:13:47,040 --> 01:13:48,040
as well that will allow you to do
39883
01:13:49,280 --> 01:13:50,280
different things content as well you can
39884
01:13:51,760 --> 01:13:52,760
have a content advisor so that uh
39885
01:13:55,040 --> 01:13:56,040
you know certain sites that might have
39886
01:13:56,960 --> 01:13:57,960
some stuff you don't want your kids on
39887
01:13:58,480 --> 01:13:59,480
same with parental controls uh are
39888
01:14:00,640 --> 01:14:01,640
probably also gonna have malware built
39889
01:14:02,720 --> 01:14:03,720
into them as a note as well it's very
39890
01:14:05,120 --> 01:14:06,120
important to be aware of um
39891
01:14:09,120 --> 01:14:10,120
javascript oracle java which has a lot
39892
01:14:11,760 --> 01:14:12,760
of difficulties um and so
39893
01:14:15,040 --> 01:14:16,040
it has a security flaws built in
39894
01:14:17,360 --> 01:14:18,360
uh i think direct the homeland security
39895
01:14:19,360 --> 01:14:20,360
united states has actually said that you
39896
01:14:21,192 --> 01:14:22,192
should not have it enabled ever and
39897
01:14:23,360 --> 01:14:24,360
here's the pop-up blocker i was telling
39898
01:14:25,040 --> 01:14:26,040
you
39899
01:14:25,832 --> 01:14:26,832
you could make sure that the pop-up
39900
01:14:27,680 --> 01:14:28,680
blocker is on and then you can allow
39901
01:14:29,440 --> 01:14:30,440
certain pop-ups for instance from your
39902
01:14:31,040 --> 01:14:32,040
banks etc
39903
01:14:35,680 --> 01:14:36,680
now a firewall don't forget windows
39904
01:14:37,360 --> 01:14:38,360
comes with a firewall built in and if
39905
01:14:39,600 --> 01:14:40,600
it's available you want to make sure
39906
01:14:41,040 --> 01:14:42,040
it's on and updated
39907
01:14:43,600 --> 01:14:44,600
this is going to close all the inborn
39908
01:14:45,912 --> 01:14:46,912
inbound ports to your computer by
39909
01:14:47,760 --> 01:14:48,760
default and then if you want to allow
39910
01:14:49,512 --> 01:14:50,512
something in you have to tell the
39911
01:14:51,120 --> 01:14:52,120
computer to allow it in so don't forget
39912
01:14:53,680 --> 01:14:54,680
windows firewall is built in it's built
39913
01:14:55,512 --> 01:14:56,512
into seven vista and xp and it should
39914
01:14:58,400 --> 01:14:59,400
always be turned on you probably also
39915
01:15:00,080 --> 01:15:01,080
have a firewall on your soho router so
39916
01:15:02,800 --> 01:15:03,800
you're now getting double the amount of
39917
01:15:06,160 --> 01:15:07,160
protection
39918
01:15:07,912 --> 01:15:08,912
which is great
39919
01:15:09,832 --> 01:15:10,832
you may need to open ports for specific
39920
01:15:12,232 --> 01:15:13,232
applications to operate
39921
01:15:13,912 --> 01:15:14,912
properly some you might not even think
39922
01:15:15,680 --> 01:15:16,680
need it for instance i know some uh you
39923
01:15:18,160 --> 01:15:19,160
know software you might download off the
39924
01:15:19,512 --> 01:15:20,512
internet or you might get from a real
39925
01:15:21,040 --> 01:15:22,040
manufacturer needs those ports in order
39926
01:15:22,960 --> 01:15:23,960
to communicate for updates and so forth
39927
01:15:25,280 --> 01:15:26,280
if we go into
39928
01:15:26,960 --> 01:15:27,960
windows real quickly we can see here
39929
01:15:29,512 --> 01:15:30,512
windows
39930
01:15:31,040 --> 01:15:32,040
firewall and there's with advanced
39931
01:15:32,872 --> 01:15:33,872
security let's go to the plain one and
39932
01:15:35,040 --> 01:15:36,040
here you can see uh it's all it's on and
39933
01:15:37,760 --> 01:15:38,760
it's different for public networks and
39934
01:15:40,320 --> 01:15:41,320
home and network it sees i'm on a
39935
01:15:41,832 --> 01:15:42,832
private network right now and so that's
39936
01:15:43,760 --> 01:15:44,760
how it's
39937
01:15:45,120 --> 01:15:46,120
protecting my computer
39938
01:15:46,400 --> 01:15:47,400
on a public network it would do
39939
01:15:47,912 --> 01:15:48,912
different things i can even go into
39940
01:15:50,160 --> 01:15:51,160
advanced settings
39941
01:15:51,912 --> 01:15:52,912
and now i can allow choose what my
39942
01:15:54,552 --> 01:15:55,552
inbound rules are and my outbound rules
39943
01:15:57,192 --> 01:15:58,192
are and i might need to create a new
39944
01:15:58,872 --> 01:15:59,872
rule for instance for inbound to allow
39945
01:16:01,192 --> 01:16:02,192
certain things in
39946
01:16:02,960 --> 01:16:03,960
and again you would look at your
39947
01:16:04,232 --> 01:16:05,232
manufacturer's instructions for
39948
01:16:06,640 --> 01:16:07,640
information on what ports you need to
39949
01:16:08,480 --> 01:16:09,480
allow but if we went to newport you
39950
01:16:10,320 --> 01:16:11,320
could say for a program for instance or
39951
01:16:12,872 --> 01:16:13,872
a port specifically or predefined ones
39952
01:16:15,512 --> 01:16:16,512
and you can go to the wizard it makes it
39953
01:16:17,040 --> 01:16:18,040
pretty easy
39954
01:16:21,192 --> 01:16:22,192
let's also talk about auto run
39955
01:16:23,280 --> 01:16:24,280
you want to disable autorun for cds dvds
39956
01:16:25,912 --> 01:16:26,912
blu-ray drives usb drives so that way
39957
01:16:28,800 --> 01:16:29,800
you won't be infected by apple uh
39958
01:16:31,280 --> 01:16:32,280
you won't be infected by you know
39959
01:16:32,872 --> 01:16:33,872
viruses that are on the media because
39960
01:16:34,960 --> 01:16:35,960
what happens is if you have for instance
39961
01:16:36,872 --> 01:16:37,872
cd or dvd auto run as soon as you pop
39962
01:16:39,600 --> 01:16:40,600
that cd or dvd in the computer is going
39963
01:16:41,832 --> 01:16:42,832
to automatically run that piece of media
39964
01:16:44,552 --> 01:16:45,552
when it automatically runs that media
39965
01:16:46,320 --> 01:16:47,320
your device or your computer gets
39966
01:16:48,080 --> 01:16:49,080
infected so this gives your antivirus
39967
01:16:50,872 --> 01:16:51,872
software time to scan the media for
39968
01:16:52,960 --> 01:16:53,960
malware before you run it so i would
39969
01:16:55,512 --> 01:16:56,512
always recommend if you have antivirus
39970
01:16:57,192 --> 01:16:58,192
software you should scanning your media
39971
01:16:59,440 --> 01:17:00,440
before you run it this way you won't be
39972
01:17:01,512 --> 01:17:02,512
in trouble
39973
01:17:03,600 --> 01:17:04,600
and before we go to education
39974
01:17:06,232 --> 01:17:07,232
if we go over
39975
01:17:07,600 --> 01:17:08,600
we can actually see where the auto run
39976
01:17:09,280 --> 01:17:10,280
settings are
39977
01:17:11,192 --> 01:17:12,192
i'm going to search for auto run
39978
01:17:16,160 --> 01:17:17,160
and right here you see you can also go
39979
01:17:17,832 --> 01:17:18,832
into control panel uh items and choose
39980
01:17:20,800 --> 01:17:21,800
auto play what it's called in windows 7.
39981
01:17:23,040 --> 01:17:24,040
and here you can see pictures blank cd
39982
01:17:25,120 --> 01:17:26,120
blank dvd blu-ray movie etc etc
39983
01:17:32,232 --> 01:17:33,232
finally education is the big one this is
39984
01:17:34,320 --> 01:17:35,320
the most valuable and important
39985
01:17:35,832 --> 01:17:36,832
preventative measure which you can do is
39986
01:17:37,912 --> 01:17:38,912
to educate users on how viruses can
39987
01:17:40,640 --> 01:17:41,640
infect a system
39988
01:17:42,232 --> 01:17:43,232
more so because most of the malware and
39989
01:17:44,720 --> 01:17:45,720
the
39990
01:17:46,640 --> 01:17:47,640
viruses get access to our system because
39991
01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:49,960
of what's called social engineering
39992
01:17:51,120 --> 01:17:52,120
we'll talk about that in the next video
39993
01:17:52,720 --> 01:17:53,720
but basically engineering someone
39994
01:17:55,280 --> 01:17:56,280
by tricking them
39995
01:17:58,080 --> 01:17:59,080
so we want to instruct people on how to
39996
01:17:59,760 --> 01:18:00,760
screen their emails not to open unknown
39997
01:18:01,912 --> 01:18:02,912
attachments how to scan removable media
39998
01:18:04,872 --> 01:18:05,872
such as cds and usb before copying files
39999
01:18:08,160 --> 01:18:09,160
we also want to set up the computer for
40000
01:18:10,160 --> 01:18:11,160
these people to scan removable media
40001
01:18:12,232 --> 01:18:13,232
automatically and the computer on a
40002
01:18:14,232 --> 01:18:15,232
daily basis maybe not something we
40003
01:18:16,320 --> 01:18:17,320
necessarily need to educate them on if
40004
01:18:18,080 --> 01:18:19,080
they are in our institution or
40005
01:18:19,600 --> 01:18:20,600
organization but definitely something
40006
01:18:21,680 --> 01:18:22,680
they should be aware of and don't forget
40007
01:18:22,960 --> 01:18:23,960
they're taking their computer home with
40008
01:18:24,552 --> 01:18:25,552
them then that opens up a whole other
40009
01:18:27,040 --> 01:18:28,040
slew of um viruses in ways they can get
40010
01:18:29,280 --> 01:18:30,280
infected
40011
01:18:31,192 --> 01:18:32,192
great so now we've talked about
40012
01:18:32,832 --> 01:18:33,832
preventing malware including with av
40013
01:18:35,512 --> 01:18:36,512
software anti-virus software making sure
40014
01:18:37,832 --> 01:18:38,832
windows updates are frequent and set to
40015
01:18:40,640 --> 01:18:41,640
automatic browser settings the firewall
40016
01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:45,000
was built into windows auto run or auto
40017
01:18:46,800 --> 01:18:47,800
play and then of course education
40018
01:18:49,040 --> 01:18:50,040
something we will keep coming back to so
40019
01:18:51,280 --> 01:18:52,280
finally let's just talk about
40020
01:18:52,160 --> 01:18:53,160
troubleshooting and removing um these
40021
01:18:54,232 --> 01:18:55,232
viruses and this is a bunch of ideas for
40022
01:18:56,640 --> 01:18:57,640
you
40023
01:18:57,360 --> 01:18:58,360
specifically that i see on the a plus
40024
01:18:59,512 --> 01:19:00,512
exam the first thing you always want to
40025
01:19:01,280 --> 01:19:02,280
do if you notice an infection is go
40026
01:19:02,960 --> 01:19:03,960
ahead and disconnect the network cable
40027
01:19:05,600 --> 01:19:06,600
um
40028
01:19:06,480 --> 01:19:07,480
you can always reconnect it especially
40029
01:19:08,232 --> 01:19:09,232
when you're in safe mode or you're
40030
01:19:09,600 --> 01:19:10,600
behind a firewall or in an area of your
40031
01:19:11,760 --> 01:19:12,760
network that's not going to hurt the
40032
01:19:13,040 --> 01:19:14,040
other computers but this at least will
40033
01:19:15,040 --> 01:19:16,040
give you time uh when you know the
40034
01:19:17,120 --> 01:19:18,120
computer is not going to reach out and
40035
01:19:18,552 --> 01:19:19,552
hit anyone else
40036
01:19:20,872 --> 01:19:21,872
in that way you can also turn it off if
40037
01:19:22,640 --> 01:19:23,640
you need
40038
01:19:24,160 --> 01:19:25,160
what i would also do at this point is
40039
01:19:25,760 --> 01:19:26,760
back up the entire system because you're
40040
01:19:27,512 --> 01:19:28,512
going to make problems when you start
40041
01:19:29,192 --> 01:19:30,192
removing the virus you might
40042
01:19:30,720 --> 01:19:31,720
accidentally make it so the computer
40043
01:19:32,320 --> 01:19:33,320
doesn't start anymore something to be
40044
01:19:34,080 --> 01:19:35,080
aware of of course is when you back up
40045
01:19:35,760 --> 01:19:36,760
the entire system you are also backing
40046
01:19:38,320 --> 01:19:39,320
up the virus so you want to be careful
40047
01:19:40,640 --> 01:19:41,640
with the backup media that you use
40048
01:19:43,600 --> 01:19:44,600
you can focus on critical user data if
40049
01:19:46,552 --> 01:19:47,552
you need for instance you can focus on a
40050
01:19:50,160 --> 01:19:51,160
uh you know the user folder but you're
40051
01:19:52,800 --> 01:19:53,800
always going to risk missing something
40052
01:19:54,232 --> 01:19:55,232
so this is why i recommend doing an
40053
01:19:55,680 --> 01:19:56,680
entire system backup
40054
01:19:58,160 --> 01:19:59,160
this also might mean you have to remove
40055
01:20:00,640 --> 01:20:01,640
the hard drive or use a clean external
40056
01:20:03,832 --> 01:20:04,832
hard drive that you know is not infected
40057
01:20:06,320 --> 01:20:07,320
you might remove the hard drive bring it
40058
01:20:07,912 --> 01:20:08,912
into another computer and do things that
40059
01:20:10,320 --> 01:20:11,320
way
40060
01:20:11,680 --> 01:20:12,680
another thing you want to do is disable
40061
01:20:13,360 --> 01:20:14,360
system restore let's go into windows for
40062
01:20:15,512 --> 01:20:16,512
a second because one thing we definitely
40063
01:20:17,680 --> 01:20:18,680
want to do
40064
01:20:19,120 --> 01:20:20,120
i'm going to go to system properties
40065
01:20:20,480 --> 01:20:21,480
here
40066
01:20:21,360 --> 01:20:22,360
and go to advanced system settings
40067
01:20:23,912 --> 01:20:24,912
and go to system protection is i want to
40068
01:20:25,912 --> 01:20:26,912
turn off system restore the reason is if
40069
01:20:28,800 --> 01:20:29,800
system restore is on
40070
01:20:31,912 --> 01:20:32,912
then
40071
01:20:33,040 --> 01:20:34,040
the virus can hide out there and so we
40072
01:20:35,512 --> 01:20:36,512
need to get rid of system restore so the
40073
01:20:37,360 --> 01:20:38,360
virus can't hide out there once we
40074
01:20:38,960 --> 01:20:39,960
remove the virus we turn system restore
40075
01:20:40,720 --> 01:20:41,720
back on as i think i mentioned before
40076
01:20:42,640 --> 01:20:43,640
when we talked about system restore
40077
01:20:44,000 --> 01:20:45,000
windows this is the number one way
40078
01:20:45,440 --> 01:20:46,440
viruses stay on the system
40079
01:20:49,512 --> 01:20:50,512
we can also boot into safe mode and run
40080
01:20:51,280 --> 01:20:52,280
an anti-virus scan sort of the next
40081
01:20:53,512 --> 01:20:54,512
thing you want to do
40082
01:20:55,120 --> 01:20:56,120
booting into safe mode means what i'm
40083
01:20:57,120 --> 01:20:58,120
only loading up the applications and the
40084
01:21:00,000 --> 01:21:01,000
device drivers i absolutely need running
40085
01:21:02,160 --> 01:21:03,160
an anti-virus scan is searching the
40086
01:21:03,912 --> 01:21:04,912
computer for all those viruses using the
40087
01:21:05,832 --> 01:21:06,832
latest data definition files which you
40088
01:21:07,680 --> 01:21:08,680
need to make sure to download from the
40089
01:21:08,872 --> 01:21:09,872
internet
40090
01:21:09,912 --> 01:21:10,912
you may need to repeat this in normal
40091
01:21:11,832 --> 01:21:12,832
mode as well since sometimes if you're
40092
01:21:14,232 --> 01:21:15,232
not running the virus it's not going to
40093
01:21:16,000 --> 01:21:17,000
find anything so going the normal mode
40094
01:21:18,160 --> 01:21:19,160
and running of antivirus might find some
40095
01:21:20,000 --> 01:21:21,000
stuff that you didn't find in safe mode
40096
01:21:21,760 --> 01:21:22,760
it's good to do it both times
40097
01:21:23,912 --> 01:21:24,912
you also probably
40098
01:21:25,760 --> 01:21:26,760
an option whenever you're
40099
01:21:28,320 --> 01:21:29,320
going to be a virus removing is to
40100
01:21:31,192 --> 01:21:32,192
remove the affected drive to a clean
40101
01:21:33,120 --> 01:21:34,120
machine which is a computer only used
40102
01:21:35,280 --> 01:21:36,280
for the scanning of malware in other
40103
01:21:37,120 --> 01:21:38,120
words uh you take the hard drive out
40104
01:21:39,600 --> 01:21:40,600
attach it as a slave or a secondary
40105
01:21:43,360 --> 01:21:44,360
drive
40106
01:21:44,320 --> 01:21:45,320
especially with rootkits is what you're
40107
01:21:45,680 --> 01:21:46,680
going to want to do
40108
01:21:46,800 --> 01:21:47,800
and then you scan from within windows
40109
01:21:49,040 --> 01:21:50,040
this external drive this extra drive
40110
01:21:52,232 --> 01:21:53,232
so you boot from the clean drive and
40111
01:21:53,832 --> 01:21:54,832
then scan the extra drive from a clean
40112
01:21:55,600 --> 01:21:56,600
operating system you know it's clean
40113
01:21:57,280 --> 01:21:58,280
because you've either just installed it
40114
01:21:58,800 --> 01:21:59,800
or you don't have it connected to the
40115
01:22:00,000 --> 01:22:01,000
network and you do not let data come in
40116
01:22:02,552 --> 01:22:03,552
very easily you may also want to run an
40117
01:22:05,832 --> 01:22:06,832
anti-virus scan from an online scanner a
40118
01:22:08,800 --> 01:22:09,800
good one is trend micro's house call
40119
01:22:11,760 --> 01:22:12,760
this means that it runs it from the
40120
01:22:13,440 --> 01:22:14,440
internet as opposed to from inside the
40121
01:22:15,360 --> 01:22:16,360
computer if you're running it from
40122
01:22:16,960 --> 01:22:17,960
inside the computer don't forget the
40123
01:22:18,480 --> 01:22:19,480
computer has been
40124
01:22:20,080 --> 01:22:21,080
infected and therefore the virus game of
40125
01:22:22,720 --> 01:22:23,720
the computer might also be infected so
40126
01:22:24,400 --> 01:22:25,400
running it from a third party just like
40127
01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:27,000
with the clean machine you're running
40128
01:22:27,600 --> 01:22:28,600
this from a clean machine that's on the
40129
01:22:29,280 --> 01:22:30,280
internet
40130
01:22:30,232 --> 01:22:31,232
uh there's also a great
40131
01:22:32,800 --> 01:22:33,800
tool called microsoft's malicious
40132
01:22:34,552 --> 01:22:35,552
software removal tool it's really worth
40133
01:22:36,872 --> 01:22:37,872
checking out and you can get it on
40134
01:22:38,552 --> 01:22:39,552
microsoft's website or by googling
40135
01:22:41,760 --> 01:22:42,760
there's also some manual troubleshooting
40136
01:22:43,512 --> 01:22:44,512
steps you can take if none of those
40137
01:22:45,280 --> 01:22:46,280
automatic sort of searching steps work
40138
01:22:49,360 --> 01:22:50,360
for instance you might want to use the
40139
01:22:51,440 --> 01:22:52,440
an older restore point that was given
40140
01:22:53,680 --> 01:22:54,680
that you know was before the infection
40141
01:22:56,232 --> 01:22:57,232
occurred
40142
01:22:58,000 --> 01:22:59,000
you can check startup items in ms config
40143
01:23:00,640 --> 01:23:01,640
to manually remove files and registry
40144
01:23:02,480 --> 01:23:03,480
entries don't forget
40145
01:23:04,320 --> 01:23:05,320
msconfig if we close out of this
40146
01:23:08,720 --> 01:23:09,720
allows you to you know check things off
40147
01:23:11,120 --> 01:23:12,120
so if i notice oh what's this i don't
40148
01:23:12,640 --> 01:23:13,640
know what that is i think that's causing
40149
01:23:14,480 --> 01:23:15,480
my problem you can now apply restart it
40150
01:23:17,360 --> 01:23:18,360
won't boot up with that and if your
40151
01:23:18,720 --> 01:23:19,720
problem goes away then you can be pretty
40152
01:23:20,720 --> 01:23:21,720
sure that this is the problem
40153
01:23:25,512 --> 01:23:26,512
you also might have something like a
40154
01:23:27,120 --> 01:23:28,120
boot sector virus which means it has
40155
01:23:29,120 --> 01:23:30,120
destroyed parts of your boot sector in
40156
01:23:31,192 --> 01:23:32,192
that case you might want to use one of
40157
01:23:32,720 --> 01:23:33,720
the
40158
01:23:36,480 --> 01:23:37,480
boot recovery tools perhaps with the fix
40159
01:23:39,040 --> 01:23:40,040
mbr switch
40160
01:23:41,040 --> 01:23:42,040
of course the only 100 percent definite
40161
01:23:43,600 --> 01:23:44,600
way to remove a virus is to format the
40162
01:23:45,760 --> 01:23:46,760
hard drive and perform a fresh and clean
40163
01:23:48,000 --> 01:23:49,000
install unless you do that you can never
40164
01:23:50,160 --> 01:23:51,160
be 100 sure you've gotten rid of all
40165
01:23:52,232 --> 01:23:53,232
remnants of the virus
40166
01:23:55,120 --> 01:23:56,120
great so now we've talked about
40167
01:23:56,800 --> 01:23:57,800
troubleshooting and removal let's go
40168
01:23:58,960 --> 01:23:59,960
over everything we've discussed when it
40169
01:24:00,552 --> 01:24:01,552
comes to malware
40170
01:24:02,080 --> 01:24:03,080
let's discuss everything that we've
40171
01:24:03,600 --> 01:24:04,600
talked about in regards to malware
40172
01:24:06,800 --> 01:24:07,800
first
40173
01:24:07,680 --> 01:24:08,680
we talked about what malware is any sort
40174
01:24:09,360 --> 01:24:10,360
of bad software right any sort of bad
40175
01:24:12,080 --> 01:24:13,080
software that's going to infect your
40176
01:24:13,600 --> 01:24:14,600
computer
40177
01:24:15,040 --> 01:24:16,040
viruses are self-replicating
40178
01:24:17,680 --> 01:24:18,680
and they attach themselves
40179
01:24:24,160 --> 01:24:25,160
to known files
40180
01:24:26,552 --> 01:24:27,552
worms
40181
01:24:28,080 --> 01:24:29,080
are also self-replicating
40182
01:24:31,360 --> 01:24:32,360
but do not require user intervention
40183
01:24:33,192 --> 01:24:34,192
what they do is they make use of
40184
01:24:37,440 --> 01:24:38,440
weaknesses
40185
01:24:40,080 --> 01:24:41,080
in an app
40186
01:24:43,192 --> 01:24:44,192
or operating system
40187
01:24:45,360 --> 01:24:46,360
trojan horses
40188
01:24:46,872 --> 01:24:47,872
pretend they're something they're not
40189
01:24:52,720 --> 01:24:53,720
a logic bomb
40190
01:24:54,232 --> 01:24:55,232
waits for a specific day
40191
01:24:56,400 --> 01:24:57,400
or specific uh
40192
01:24:58,800 --> 01:24:59,800
thing to happen
40193
01:25:00,480 --> 01:25:01,480
before it launches
40194
01:25:02,160 --> 01:25:03,160
root kits
40195
01:25:03,360 --> 01:25:04,360
get at the root or the bottom or the
40196
01:25:05,440 --> 01:25:06,440
administrator access
40197
01:25:10,160 --> 01:25:11,160
spyware
40198
01:25:11,912 --> 01:25:12,912
again is used to spy on you for
40199
01:25:14,320 --> 01:25:15,320
information
40200
01:25:16,960 --> 01:25:17,960
adware is used to get advertising
40201
01:25:19,440 --> 01:25:20,440
dollars
40202
01:25:22,720 --> 01:25:23,720
then we have prevention
40203
01:25:24,872 --> 01:25:25,872
including av software anti-virus
40204
01:25:27,360 --> 01:25:28,360
software
40205
01:25:28,552 --> 01:25:29,552
which needs to be updated with those dat
40206
01:25:30,872 --> 01:25:31,872
or definition files
40207
01:25:34,400 --> 01:25:35,400
to keep up to date
40208
01:25:36,320 --> 01:25:37,320
windows updates which should be set to
40209
01:25:38,160 --> 01:25:39,160
automatic and should be done frequently
40210
01:25:40,400 --> 01:25:41,400
to resist
40211
01:25:42,800 --> 01:25:43,800
getting attacked by a worm browser
40212
01:25:45,040 --> 01:25:46,040
settings remember we want to set the
40213
01:25:46,232 --> 01:25:47,232
security settings high
40214
01:25:49,360 --> 01:25:50,360
then we have the firewall we want to
40215
01:25:51,512 --> 01:25:52,512
turn it on
40216
01:25:53,440 --> 01:25:54,440
and you might have to set rules
40217
01:25:56,400 --> 01:25:57,400
to allow exceptions that you know for
40218
01:25:58,720 --> 01:25:59,720
applications auto run that's the cd dvd
40219
01:26:02,000 --> 01:26:03,000
blu-ray autoplay we want to turn it off
40220
01:26:06,080 --> 01:26:07,080
so that way you have time to scan it
40221
01:26:08,160 --> 01:26:09,160
and education the number one way to
40222
01:26:10,552 --> 01:26:11,552
present uh prevent
40223
01:26:12,552 --> 01:26:13,552
viruses and other sorts of malware and
40224
01:26:15,280 --> 01:26:16,280
then we talked about a bunch of
40225
01:26:16,480 --> 01:26:17,480
troubleshooting steps
40226
01:26:18,400 --> 01:26:19,400
including
40227
01:26:19,600 --> 01:26:20,600
safe mode
40228
01:26:22,872 --> 01:26:23,872
turning off automatic restore
40229
01:26:26,800 --> 01:26:27,800
or system
40230
01:26:28,720 --> 01:26:29,720
restore
40231
01:26:31,600 --> 01:26:32,600
and so on
40232
01:26:32,960 --> 01:26:33,960
so now we've talked about malware let's
40233
01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:35,800
continue talking not only about software
40234
01:26:37,120 --> 01:26:38,120
security but about physical security as
40235
01:26:39,600 --> 01:26:40,600
well
40236
01:26:44,420 --> 01:26:45,420
[Music]
40237
01:27:00,552 --> 01:27:01,552
welcome to module 20 lesson 1a common
40238
01:27:03,760 --> 01:27:04,760
security threats and vulnerabilities
40239
01:27:08,320 --> 01:27:09,320
so we're going to look at ransomware
40240
01:27:10,160 --> 01:27:11,160
fishing spear fishing spoofing a zero
40241
01:27:13,512 --> 01:27:14,512
day attack
40242
01:27:15,440 --> 01:27:16,440
a zombie a botnet denial service
40243
01:27:19,600 --> 01:27:20,600
distributed denial of service
40244
01:27:22,720 --> 01:27:23,720
brute forcing
40245
01:27:25,760 --> 01:27:26,760
oh dictionary attacks and non-compliant
40246
01:27:27,912 --> 01:27:28,912
systems violence
40247
01:27:30,000 --> 01:27:31,000
violations of security best practices
40248
01:27:32,872 --> 01:27:33,872
man in the middle
40249
01:27:35,280 --> 01:27:36,280
i just wanted to say you you're not
40250
01:27:37,120 --> 01:27:38,120
expected to know a lot about these
40251
01:27:39,120 --> 01:27:40,120
things because the a plus is just a
40252
01:27:41,040 --> 01:27:42,040
computer engineer
40253
01:27:42,872 --> 01:27:43,872
and job so help desk and pc
40254
01:27:45,440 --> 01:27:46,440
installations and printer
40255
01:27:47,120 --> 01:27:48,120
troubleshooting and such like
40256
01:27:49,680 --> 01:27:50,680
security stuff would be responsibility
40257
01:27:52,160 --> 01:27:53,160
of the security team or security
40258
01:27:54,000 --> 01:27:55,000
engineer and it's such a big field
40259
01:27:56,400 --> 01:27:57,400
it wouldn't be fair for some um company
40260
01:27:58,960 --> 01:27:59,960
to expect you to do all this unless
40261
01:28:00,480 --> 01:28:01,480
you've got qualified and
40262
01:28:02,640 --> 01:28:03,640
and there's some time working in the
40263
01:28:04,960 --> 01:28:05,960
security team so this is just an
40264
01:28:07,120 --> 01:28:08,120
overview so you have an appreciation
40265
01:28:09,760 --> 01:28:10,760
firstly ransomware
40266
01:28:11,440 --> 01:28:12,440
it's a type of malware that denies user
40267
01:28:13,440 --> 01:28:14,440
access by encrypting or locking the
40268
01:28:15,192 --> 01:28:16,192
browser or desktop
40269
01:28:16,872 --> 01:28:17,872
on the infected system it can lock and
40270
01:28:19,600 --> 01:28:20,600
encrypt files and folders also
40271
01:28:23,040 --> 01:28:24,040
and there was a case just a few months
40272
01:28:24,552 --> 01:28:25,552
ago of a police department somebody
40273
01:28:27,512 --> 01:28:28,512
i think downloaded some piece of
40274
01:28:28,960 --> 01:28:29,960
software or clicked on a link in an
40275
01:28:31,192 --> 01:28:32,192
email
40276
01:28:32,400 --> 01:28:33,400
and it locked all of the files for the
40277
01:28:34,720 --> 01:28:35,720
entire police department
40278
01:28:36,480 --> 01:28:37,480
and they ended up embarrassingly paying
40279
01:28:38,320 --> 01:28:39,320
a ransom to get the um key to unlock all
40280
01:28:41,680 --> 01:28:42,680
their files again
40281
01:28:45,192 --> 01:28:46,192
fishing is a scam where fraudulent
40282
01:28:47,280 --> 01:28:48,280
emails appearing to be from legitimate
40283
01:28:49,832 --> 01:28:50,832
organizations or self sent to email
40284
01:28:51,912 --> 01:28:52,912
users
40285
01:28:53,600 --> 01:28:54,600
so you could get something the common
40286
01:28:55,280 --> 01:28:56,280
ones are
40287
01:28:56,552 --> 01:28:57,552
and parcel that hasn't been signed for
40288
01:28:58,800 --> 01:28:59,800
tax refund
40289
01:29:01,192 --> 01:29:02,192
and
40290
01:29:02,080 --> 01:29:03,080
tax warning saying you haven't paid
40291
01:29:05,360 --> 01:29:06,360
and often if you've actually ordered a
40292
01:29:07,040 --> 01:29:08,040
parcel say if it's for amazon for
40293
01:29:09,680 --> 01:29:10,680
example
40294
01:29:11,040 --> 01:29:12,040
you could
40295
01:29:12,480 --> 01:29:13,480
um click on that link thinking oh i've
40296
01:29:14,400 --> 01:29:15,400
missed delivery of my amazon parcel and
40297
01:29:16,640 --> 01:29:17,640
it turns out it's a phishing
40298
01:29:19,120 --> 01:29:20,120
um
40299
01:29:20,552 --> 01:29:21,552
it's a phishing email and then normally
40300
01:29:22,552 --> 01:29:23,552
you would click on their
40301
01:29:24,080 --> 01:29:25,080
link it would look like the official
40302
01:29:25,440 --> 01:29:26,440
website and you would log in using your
40303
01:29:27,280 --> 01:29:28,280
username and password which would then
40304
01:29:29,360 --> 01:29:30,360
give them access to order stuff and
40305
01:29:32,320 --> 01:29:33,320
divert it to their house
40306
01:29:36,640 --> 01:29:37,640
all right spearfishing it's a fishy scam
40307
01:29:38,720 --> 01:29:39,720
that targets specific individuals roles
40308
01:29:41,192 --> 01:29:42,192
or
40309
01:29:41,832 --> 01:29:42,832
organizations
40310
01:29:43,440 --> 01:29:44,440
so it's more specific
40311
01:29:45,280 --> 01:29:46,280
fraudulent email appears to come from a
40312
01:29:46,960 --> 01:29:47,960
legitimate organization or associated
40313
01:29:49,760 --> 01:29:50,760
with the email user
40314
01:29:52,320 --> 01:29:53,320
purpose is to make you used i um the
40315
01:29:55,040 --> 01:29:56,040
user david
40316
01:29:57,360 --> 01:29:58,360
confidential information
40317
01:30:01,040 --> 01:30:02,040
reputable companies will never ask for
40318
01:30:02,640 --> 01:30:03,640
confirmation confidential information
40319
01:30:04,800 --> 01:30:05,800
through email
40320
01:30:06,800 --> 01:30:07,800
if you're suspicious obviously don't
40321
01:30:08,400 --> 01:30:09,400
reply you can go directly to the website
40322
01:30:11,120 --> 01:30:12,120
or you can call the company yourself
40323
01:30:14,320 --> 01:30:15,320
you could normally um
40324
01:30:16,080 --> 01:30:17,080
we don't go to detail on the course but
40325
01:30:17,600 --> 01:30:18,600
you can normally click on the uh
40326
01:30:20,000 --> 01:30:21,000
from details and you can see that the
40327
01:30:22,080 --> 01:30:23,080
actual sender although it says
40328
01:30:25,120 --> 01:30:26,120
whoever amazon.com you can actually look
40329
01:30:27,600 --> 01:30:28,600
at the email it came from and it'll be
40330
01:30:29,120 --> 01:30:30,120
something
40331
01:30:30,480 --> 01:30:31,480
um
40332
01:30:31,440 --> 01:30:32,440
that doesn't say amazon.com it will be a
40333
01:30:34,320 --> 01:30:35,320
different email address or host
40334
01:30:38,320 --> 01:30:39,320
spoofing is the active intruder
40335
01:30:40,640 --> 01:30:41,640
pretending to be someone else by
40336
01:30:42,080 --> 01:30:43,080
falsifying data it's done to gain access
40337
01:30:44,800 --> 01:30:45,800
to a user's system or information
40338
01:30:47,120 --> 01:30:48,120
in a computer network spoofing the
40339
01:30:48,800 --> 01:30:49,800
technique of assigning a network packet
40340
01:30:51,040 --> 01:30:52,040
with a false ip address
40341
01:30:58,080 --> 01:30:59,080
zero day attack
40342
01:31:00,552 --> 01:31:01,552
zero d attack the attacker exploits an
40343
01:31:02,720 --> 01:31:03,720
unknown vulnerability and software so
40344
01:31:04,480 --> 01:31:05,480
it's normally something they've
40345
01:31:05,512 --> 01:31:06,512
discovered
40346
01:31:06,640 --> 01:31:07,640
or somebody else has discovered and
40347
01:31:08,160 --> 01:31:09,160
posted the vulnerability somewhere
40348
01:31:10,552 --> 01:31:11,552
and they're exploiting the vulnerability
40349
01:31:13,280 --> 01:31:14,280
this is done before the software vendor
40350
01:31:15,360 --> 01:31:16,360
manages to become aware of it or before
40351
01:31:18,400 --> 01:31:19,400
they can release a patch
40352
01:31:21,832 --> 01:31:22,832
a zombie is a computer connected to the
40353
01:31:23,600 --> 01:31:24,600
internet that's been compromised by an
40354
01:31:25,192 --> 01:31:26,192
attacker as a result the attacker has
40355
01:31:27,680 --> 01:31:28,680
control over the zombie device
40356
01:31:31,680 --> 01:31:32,680
a botnet is a virtual network of
40357
01:31:33,760 --> 01:31:34,760
compromised computers they can perform
40358
01:31:35,600 --> 01:31:36,600
malicious attacks
40359
01:31:37,040 --> 01:31:38,040
they can send spam emails or participate
40360
01:31:39,440 --> 01:31:40,440
in a distributed denial of service
40361
01:31:42,080 --> 01:31:43,080
attack
40362
01:31:43,120 --> 01:31:44,120
we cover the uh
40363
01:31:45,040 --> 01:31:46,040
denial of service stuff in the network
40364
01:31:46,720 --> 01:31:47,720
plus in more detail and obviously in far
40365
01:31:49,040 --> 01:31:50,040
more detail in the security plus
40366
01:31:52,160 --> 01:31:53,160
the denial of service attack refers to
40367
01:31:54,080 --> 01:31:55,080
an attack on a computer network to make
40368
01:31:55,912 --> 01:31:56,912
it services
40369
01:31:57,192 --> 01:31:58,192
and resources unavailable generally it
40370
01:31:59,512 --> 01:32:00,512
saturates the device with um request to
40371
01:32:02,872 --> 01:32:03,872
set up a connection but doesn't actually
40372
01:32:05,192 --> 01:32:06,192
set up the connection so all the
40373
01:32:06,800 --> 01:32:07,800
resources are reserved reserve reserved
40374
01:32:08,640 --> 01:32:09,640
and then finally the device present runs
40375
01:32:11,120 --> 01:32:12,120
out of
40376
01:32:12,000 --> 01:32:13,000
um
40377
01:32:13,192 --> 01:32:14,192
resources
40378
01:32:15,360 --> 01:32:16,360
if it's distributed denier attack the
40379
01:32:17,440 --> 01:32:18,440
attacker uses and controls victims
40380
01:32:19,192 --> 01:32:20,192
computer to attack someone else's
40381
01:32:21,360 --> 01:32:22,360
computer taking advantage of the loan
40382
01:32:24,160 --> 01:32:25,160
weak security
40383
01:32:25,600 --> 01:32:26,600
of the victims network so this is um
40384
01:32:28,552 --> 01:32:29,552
one device attacking many devices and
40385
01:32:30,800 --> 01:32:31,800
then using those devices
40386
01:32:34,160 --> 01:32:35,160
brute force is that the attacker
40387
01:32:36,232 --> 01:32:37,232
requires the website requires usernames
40388
01:32:38,552 --> 01:32:39,552
and passwords and the and the software
40389
01:32:42,080 --> 01:32:43,080
attack
40390
01:32:43,280 --> 01:32:44,280
will try multiple versions it will keep
40391
01:32:45,680 --> 01:32:46,680
using things like admin
40392
01:32:48,720 --> 01:32:49,720
and password as as password or password
40393
01:32:51,192 --> 01:32:52,192
one two three things like that
40394
01:32:53,600 --> 01:32:54,600
and things like um
40395
01:32:55,760 --> 01:32:56,760
wordpress websites particularly
40396
01:32:57,280 --> 01:32:58,280
vulnerable which is why most now won't
40397
01:32:59,512 --> 01:33:00,512
let you use the default admin and
40398
01:33:01,832 --> 01:33:02,832
password credentials to create accounts
40399
01:33:05,192 --> 01:33:06,192
you can actually set a limit of and fail
40400
01:33:07,760 --> 01:33:08,760
password attempts as well before it
40401
01:33:09,440 --> 01:33:10,440
locks
40402
01:33:10,320 --> 01:33:11,320
your
40403
01:33:11,192 --> 01:33:12,192
access
40404
01:33:15,280 --> 01:33:16,280
if the password length increases the
40405
01:33:16,640 --> 01:33:17,640
amount of time taken to discover it also
40406
01:33:18,800 --> 01:33:19,800
increases
40407
01:33:20,800 --> 01:33:21,800
uh long uh complex passwords are the way
40408
01:33:23,440 --> 01:33:24,440
to
40409
01:33:24,160 --> 01:33:25,160
defeat
40410
01:33:25,440 --> 01:33:26,440
these type of attacks as well as
40411
01:33:27,600 --> 01:33:28,600
limiting the amount of
40412
01:33:29,120 --> 01:33:30,120
their passwords
40413
01:33:32,720 --> 01:33:33,720
dictionary attacks like a brute force
40414
01:33:34,800 --> 01:33:35,800
dictionary attempts to discover the
40415
01:33:36,232 --> 01:33:37,232
password by trying a list of words from
40416
01:33:39,440 --> 01:33:40,440
the dictionary that's why you're
40417
01:33:40,872 --> 01:33:41,872
generally not recommended to use words
40418
01:33:43,120 --> 01:33:44,120
from the dictionary
40419
01:33:44,640 --> 01:33:45,640
as your password for example aardvark or
40420
01:33:47,440 --> 01:33:48,440
apple
40421
01:33:51,040 --> 01:33:52,040
non-compliant systems are devices that
40422
01:33:52,872 --> 01:33:53,872
have haven't complied with the network
40423
01:33:55,440 --> 01:33:56,440
settings or configurations maybe
40424
01:33:57,512 --> 01:33:58,512
somebody's left it there and it's been
40425
01:33:58,960 --> 01:33:59,960
forgotten
40426
01:34:00,400 --> 01:34:01,400
or somebody's added it to the network
40427
01:34:02,232 --> 01:34:03,232
when they shouldn't have
40428
01:34:06,080 --> 01:34:07,080
flash players an example this is uh
40429
01:34:08,480 --> 01:34:09,480
isn't supported by many different
40430
01:34:10,160 --> 01:34:11,160
operating systems now because of the
40431
01:34:12,480 --> 01:34:13,480
amount of security vulnerabilities
40432
01:34:18,872 --> 01:34:19,872
usually workstations are software
40433
01:34:20,720 --> 01:34:21,720
agencies still that will report
40434
01:34:22,232 --> 01:34:23,232
non-compliance
40435
01:34:24,720 --> 01:34:25,720
violations of the security policies and
40436
01:34:26,720 --> 01:34:27,720
best practices
40437
01:34:29,760 --> 01:34:30,760
uh
40438
01:34:30,640 --> 01:34:31,640
best practices to create and implement a
40439
01:34:32,552 --> 01:34:33,552
policy it's essentially a business plan
40440
01:34:35,280 --> 01:34:36,280
normally delivered by way of distance
40441
01:34:37,440 --> 01:34:38,440
learning training although you can have
40442
01:34:39,192 --> 01:34:40,192
on-site trading obviously
40443
01:34:41,192 --> 01:34:42,192
and it briefs the user on how to protect
40444
01:34:43,912 --> 01:34:44,912
uh the devices and networking data
40445
01:34:46,960 --> 01:34:47,960
security policies should deal with
40446
01:34:48,400 --> 01:34:49,400
prohibited software especially people
40447
01:34:50,160 --> 01:34:51,160
bringing in their own software on usb
40448
01:34:52,320 --> 01:34:53,320
sticks
40449
01:34:53,600 --> 01:34:54,600
or downloading stuff which is quite
40450
01:34:55,600 --> 01:34:56,600
common
40451
01:34:57,760 --> 01:34:58,760
you should create an end user acceptable
40452
01:34:59,440 --> 01:35:00,440
use policy that outlines what employees
40453
01:35:01,360 --> 01:35:02,360
can and can't do with their workstations
40454
01:35:04,480 --> 01:35:05,480
should identify actions that can result
40455
01:35:06,552 --> 01:35:07,552
in discipline reaction
40456
01:35:10,232 --> 01:35:11,232
some users should not view inappropriate
40457
01:35:12,232 --> 01:35:13,232
material becoming involved in spamming
40458
01:35:14,800 --> 01:35:15,800
or using authorized devices
40459
01:35:17,832 --> 01:35:18,832
one security best practice is to keep
40460
01:35:19,680 --> 01:35:20,680
the computers in an appropriate place
40461
01:35:23,360 --> 01:35:24,360
computers in the network should be
40462
01:35:24,720 --> 01:35:25,720
protected from unauthorized access and
40463
01:35:26,552 --> 01:35:27,552
therefore they should be kept in places
40464
01:35:29,120 --> 01:35:30,120
that give the users only the necessary
40465
01:35:31,600 --> 01:35:32,600
privileges
40466
01:35:33,360 --> 01:35:34,360
computers in the network they provide
40467
01:35:34,720 --> 01:35:35,720
access to public such as external web
40468
01:35:36,960 --> 01:35:37,960
servers are kept in a dmz
40469
01:35:39,360 --> 01:35:40,360
this is a demilitarized zone and it's
40470
01:35:41,760 --> 01:35:42,760
normally an interface of your firewall
40471
01:35:44,232 --> 01:35:45,232
that has outside access to the internet
40472
01:35:47,192 --> 01:35:48,192
but it could contain for example
40473
01:35:49,440 --> 01:35:50,440
the web server that members of the
40474
01:35:51,360 --> 01:35:52,360
public can view your website but then
40475
01:35:54,320 --> 01:35:55,320
they can't have access to the inside of
40476
01:35:56,080 --> 01:35:57,080
the network which will be on another
40477
01:35:58,400 --> 01:35:59,400
interface usually
40478
01:36:01,680 --> 01:36:02,680
uh security policy should also include
40479
01:36:03,832 --> 01:36:04,832
patching it's common best practices to
40480
01:36:06,080 --> 01:36:07,080
patch your system when the new patch is
40481
01:36:07,600 --> 01:36:08,600
released by the software vendor
40482
01:36:10,000 --> 01:36:11,000
apply the patch is important to avoid
40483
01:36:11,912 --> 01:36:12,912
exploits that take advantage of the
40484
01:36:13,680 --> 01:36:14,680
vulnerabilities
40485
01:36:15,512 --> 01:36:16,512
you normally do these schedule these
40486
01:36:17,512 --> 01:36:18,512
every evening or every friday or on the
40487
01:36:19,680 --> 01:36:20,680
weekend when users aren't um using the
40488
01:36:22,400 --> 01:36:23,400
devices
40489
01:36:24,000 --> 01:36:25,000
there should be a periodic vulnerability
40490
01:36:25,912 --> 01:36:26,912
assessment
40491
01:36:27,192 --> 01:36:28,192
you can actually hire penetration
40492
01:36:29,360 --> 01:36:30,360
testers to see if they can get into your
40493
01:36:31,192 --> 01:36:32,192
network and
40494
01:36:32,400 --> 01:36:33,400
plant plant files
40495
01:36:35,040 --> 01:36:36,040
it's necessary to have physical access
40496
01:36:36,552 --> 01:36:37,552
controls in place which allow only
40497
01:36:38,480 --> 01:36:39,480
authorized personnel to physically
40498
01:36:40,232 --> 01:36:41,232
access a building
40499
01:36:43,832 --> 01:36:44,832
a man in the middle is an attack where
40500
01:36:46,160 --> 01:36:47,160
an attacker reroutes the communication
40501
01:36:48,232 --> 01:36:49,232
between the server and the client
40502
01:36:50,160 --> 01:36:51,160
without the knowledge
40503
01:36:51,680 --> 01:36:52,680
so normally you'll have a device that
40504
01:36:53,440 --> 01:36:54,440
manages to intercept the packet
40505
01:36:55,680 --> 01:36:56,680
changes something in the packet or about
40506
01:36:57,760 --> 01:36:58,760
the packet and then forwards it on as if
40507
01:36:59,912 --> 01:37:00,912
it's the original packet
40508
01:37:07,512 --> 01:37:08,512
so as a retar as a result the attacker
40509
01:37:09,360 --> 01:37:10,360
can view the confidential information
40510
01:37:11,680 --> 01:37:12,680
and as i said it could also change some
40511
01:37:13,760 --> 01:37:14,760
of the information in the packet
40512
01:37:16,552 --> 01:37:17,552
open wireless networks such as those at
40513
01:37:18,480 --> 01:37:19,480
cafes are more prone to man in the
40514
01:37:20,320 --> 01:37:21,320
middle
40515
01:37:22,320 --> 01:37:23,320
if you encrypt the communication between
40516
01:37:24,160 --> 01:37:25,160
client and server it will normally
40517
01:37:27,192 --> 01:37:28,192
encrypt the data
40518
01:37:28,480 --> 01:37:29,480
but also be able to detect if there's
40519
01:37:30,232 --> 01:37:31,232
been any interference into the packet
40520
01:37:33,192 --> 01:37:34,192
all right so we've covered some of the
40521
01:37:34,400 --> 01:37:35,400
main threats ransomware fishing spear
40522
01:37:37,120 --> 01:37:38,120
phishing spoofing zero day
40523
01:37:39,680 --> 01:37:40,680
zombie botnet
40524
01:37:41,832 --> 01:37:42,832
service and
40525
01:37:43,360 --> 01:37:44,360
distributed denial of service
40526
01:37:46,000 --> 01:37:47,000
brute forcing dictionary compliance
40527
01:37:49,832 --> 01:37:50,832
and man in the middle
40528
01:37:51,280 --> 01:37:52,280
that's all for now thanks for listening
40529
01:37:57,890 --> 01:37:58,890
[Music]
40530
01:38:19,360 --> 01:38:20,360
security unauthorized access
40531
01:38:23,040 --> 01:38:24,040
we have so much important information on
40532
01:38:25,360 --> 01:38:26,360
our computers
40533
01:38:26,640 --> 01:38:27,640
including business documents passwords
40534
01:38:29,040 --> 01:38:30,040
credit card information
40535
01:38:30,800 --> 01:38:31,800
other payment information such as bank
40536
01:38:32,400 --> 01:38:33,400
accounts tax information and so on and
40537
01:38:34,872 --> 01:38:35,872
so forth that we need to make sure only
40538
01:38:37,440 --> 01:38:38,440
the people we want to have access to
40539
01:38:39,912 --> 01:38:40,912
this information have access to it we
40540
01:38:42,160 --> 01:38:43,160
also need to balance that with the ease
40541
01:38:44,320 --> 01:38:45,320
in which we access our own information
40542
01:38:46,640 --> 01:38:47,640
so for instance if i had 20 passwords to
40543
01:38:49,600 --> 01:38:50,600
access one document well that might keep
40544
01:38:52,080 --> 01:38:53,080
it safer and might prevent unauthorized
40545
01:38:54,640 --> 01:38:55,640
access but it would also make it quite
40546
01:38:56,232 --> 01:38:57,232
difficult for me to get access to my own
40547
01:38:58,232 --> 01:38:59,232
documents so we're going to talk about
40548
01:39:00,000 --> 01:39:01,000
are not so much ways in which people
40549
01:39:01,760 --> 01:39:02,760
gain unauthorized access we discussed
40550
01:39:03,760 --> 01:39:04,760
that briefly in malware but we're going
40551
01:39:05,600 --> 01:39:06,600
to talk more about how we prevent
40552
01:39:07,360 --> 01:39:08,360
unauthorized access by authenticating
40553
01:39:10,800 --> 01:39:11,800
people so what we're going to talk about
40554
01:39:12,960 --> 01:39:13,960
here is first of all authentication
40555
01:39:15,120 --> 01:39:16,120
methods authentication uh and you will
40556
01:39:18,000 --> 01:39:19,000
see this a couple times is broken into a
40557
01:39:20,720 --> 01:39:21,720
few different categories
40558
01:39:22,720 --> 01:39:23,720
three or four depending on who you ask
40559
01:39:24,480 --> 01:39:25,480
the three main ones are it's something
40560
01:39:27,120 --> 01:39:28,120
you have
40561
01:39:29,760 --> 01:39:30,760
something you know
40562
01:39:31,760 --> 01:39:32,760
and something you are
40563
01:39:33,440 --> 01:39:34,440
there's a fourth one that some people
40564
01:39:34,800 --> 01:39:35,800
will include something you do but for
40565
01:39:36,960 --> 01:39:37,960
the most part these are the three
40566
01:39:38,232 --> 01:39:39,232
biggies and so what we're going to look
40567
01:39:40,080 --> 01:39:41,080
at are several different types of
40568
01:39:41,440 --> 01:39:42,440
authentication that fit within this
40569
01:39:43,512 --> 01:39:44,512
including lock and key the same way that
40570
01:39:45,832 --> 01:39:46,832
you'd probably get into your home uh a
40571
01:39:48,872 --> 01:39:49,872
cipher lock
40572
01:39:51,440 --> 01:39:52,440
a card key
40573
01:39:54,160 --> 01:39:55,160
smart cards uh and specifically a
40574
01:39:56,400 --> 01:39:57,400
certain type of smart card used by the
40575
01:39:58,720 --> 01:39:59,720
department of defense called a cac card
40576
01:40:02,320 --> 01:40:03,320
a token which is not actually like a
40577
01:40:04,720 --> 01:40:05,720
token a coin it is a
40578
01:40:08,480 --> 01:40:09,480
number based access authentication
40579
01:40:10,720 --> 01:40:11,720
system but the token is something you
40580
01:40:12,480 --> 01:40:13,480
have that gives you that number we'll
40581
01:40:13,832 --> 01:40:14,832
talk more about that and biometrics
40582
01:40:16,720 --> 01:40:17,720
the newest and probably the most
40583
01:40:18,480 --> 01:40:19,480
forward-thinking form of authentication
40584
01:40:20,640 --> 01:40:21,640
which is the something you are category
40585
01:40:23,600 --> 01:40:24,600
using your eye your finger etc to get
40586
01:40:26,400 --> 01:40:27,400
you access to something
40587
01:40:28,400 --> 01:40:29,400
and we're going to talk briefly about
40588
01:40:30,000 --> 01:40:31,000
physical security
40589
01:40:31,760 --> 01:40:32,760
and one method of physical security
40590
01:40:33,440 --> 01:40:34,440
called a man trap that i see pop up on
40591
01:40:35,440 --> 01:40:36,440
the exam quite a bit um and you've
40592
01:40:38,080 --> 01:40:39,080
probably seen one without even realizing
40593
01:40:39,832 --> 01:40:40,832
it so it doesn't sound as odd as it may
40594
01:40:42,320 --> 01:40:43,320
the word may make it out to be then i'm
40595
01:40:44,400 --> 01:40:45,400
going to talk about social engineering
40596
01:40:46,480 --> 01:40:47,480
as we mentioned when we were talking
40597
01:40:47,832 --> 01:40:48,832
about malware the ways of getting access
40598
01:40:50,400 --> 01:40:51,400
to your system actually
40599
01:40:52,872 --> 01:40:53,872
education can prevent most of it and
40600
01:40:54,800 --> 01:40:55,800
that's because most of the time what
40601
01:40:56,400 --> 01:40:57,400
we're doing is engineering people
40602
01:40:58,872 --> 01:40:59,872
we're socially people are socially
40603
01:41:00,800 --> 01:41:01,800
susceptible to things and by convincing
40604
01:41:03,192 --> 01:41:04,192
them to give us information that's
40605
01:41:04,640 --> 01:41:05,640
usually the easiest way to get access to
40606
01:41:06,160 --> 01:41:07,160
something so we're going to talk about
40607
01:41:07,680 --> 01:41:08,680
certain forms of social engineering
40608
01:41:09,192 --> 01:41:10,192
including spam
40609
01:41:11,120 --> 01:41:12,120
fishing
40610
01:41:12,872 --> 01:41:13,872
shoulder surfing which is not as cool as
40611
01:41:15,760 --> 01:41:16,760
it sounds
40612
01:41:18,000 --> 01:41:19,000
and then piggybacking and tailgating
40613
01:41:22,080 --> 01:41:23,080
finally we want to talk about how you
40614
01:41:24,232 --> 01:41:25,232
can dispose of a hard drive this is a
40615
01:41:26,320 --> 01:41:27,320
physical thing because don't forget your
40616
01:41:28,480 --> 01:41:29,480
hard drive contains all of that
40617
01:41:29,760 --> 01:41:30,760
information and if you simply erase a
40618
01:41:32,080 --> 01:41:33,080
hard drive it doesn't mean that all the
40619
01:41:33,360 --> 01:41:34,360
data is going to go away so we're going
40620
01:41:35,040 --> 01:41:36,040
to talk about three methods including
40621
01:41:36,552 --> 01:41:37,552
clearing
40622
01:41:38,080 --> 01:41:39,080
purging
40623
01:41:39,280 --> 01:41:40,280
and then destruction of a hard drive
40624
01:41:41,832 --> 01:41:42,832
so uh with that said let's talk first
40625
01:41:44,320 --> 01:41:45,320
about authentication
40626
01:41:47,192 --> 01:41:48,192
authentication is the verification of a
40627
01:41:49,600 --> 01:41:50,600
person's identity so we have uh
40628
01:41:53,280 --> 01:41:54,280
your identity which would be like your
40629
01:41:54,800 --> 01:41:55,800
id card and then i need to make sure
40630
01:41:57,280 --> 01:41:58,280
that this id card belongs to you that's
40631
01:41:59,600 --> 01:42:00,600
authenticating a lot of drivers license
40632
01:42:02,160 --> 01:42:03,160
for instance or id cards issued by
40633
01:42:03,912 --> 01:42:04,912
governments have a picture that way the
40634
01:42:06,480 --> 01:42:07,480
person looking at it can authenticate
40635
01:42:08,552 --> 01:42:09,552
the identity
40636
01:42:10,160 --> 01:42:11,160
if i had a identity card for you
40637
01:42:13,280 --> 01:42:14,280
then i would be able to access all of
40638
01:42:15,192 --> 01:42:16,192
the things that you can access
40639
01:42:17,192 --> 01:42:18,192
just by having that identity card so we
40640
01:42:19,120 --> 01:42:20,120
need to make sure this identity card can
40641
01:42:20,872 --> 01:42:21,872
be
40642
01:42:21,600 --> 01:42:22,600
authenticated in some ways and that's
40643
01:42:23,120 --> 01:42:24,120
what we're doing we need to authenticate
40644
01:42:24,640 --> 01:42:25,640
an identity so for instance you have a
40645
01:42:26,552 --> 01:42:27,552
username that you put into something but
40646
01:42:28,552 --> 01:42:29,552
you also have a password that allows you
40647
01:42:30,232 --> 01:42:31,232
to authenticate that that username
40648
01:42:32,160 --> 01:42:33,160
really belongs to you
40649
01:42:33,912 --> 01:42:34,912
now there are four categories as i
40650
01:42:35,600 --> 01:42:36,600
mentioned there were three major ones
40651
01:42:36,872 --> 01:42:37,872
and an extra one that authentication
40652
01:42:38,960 --> 01:42:39,960
falls under
40653
01:42:40,320 --> 01:42:41,320
something the user knows such as a pin
40654
01:42:44,960 --> 01:42:45,960
or a password
40655
01:42:48,080 --> 01:42:49,080
something you can memorize something you
40656
01:42:49,760 --> 01:42:50,760
know in your head or the answer to a
40657
01:42:51,760 --> 01:42:52,760
question
40658
01:42:53,360 --> 01:42:54,360
such as what is your mother's maiden
40659
01:42:54,960 --> 01:42:55,960
name
40660
01:42:56,232 --> 01:42:57,232
something the user has
40661
01:42:58,872 --> 01:42:59,872
this would be something like a key
40662
01:43:02,160 --> 01:43:03,160
or an atm card
40663
01:43:06,160 --> 01:43:07,160
and then something the user is such as a
40664
01:43:08,960 --> 01:43:09,960
fingerprint or retina scan this is
40665
01:43:11,440 --> 01:43:12,440
biometrics something the user is or
40666
01:43:14,720 --> 01:43:15,720
something the user or something you are
40667
01:43:17,512 --> 01:43:18,512
finally it could be something the user
40668
01:43:19,760 --> 01:43:20,760
does now i sort of
40669
01:43:22,320 --> 01:43:23,320
hold a bit of
40670
01:43:23,760 --> 01:43:24,760
opposition to this one just because i
40671
01:43:25,192 --> 01:43:26,192
think you usually do something in
40672
01:43:27,192 --> 01:43:28,192
relation to what you know but this could
40673
01:43:29,680 --> 01:43:30,680
be a series of combinations of things
40674
01:43:32,480 --> 01:43:33,480
um
40675
01:43:34,000 --> 01:43:35,000
swiping something doing something
40676
01:43:35,912 --> 01:43:36,912
knowing the process again i would
40677
01:43:38,000 --> 01:43:39,000
contend that in many ways that falls
40678
01:43:39,680 --> 01:43:40,680
under something a user knows and so
40679
01:43:41,832 --> 01:43:42,832
that's why these are the three biggies
40680
01:43:43,760 --> 01:43:44,760
some people and i'm mentioning it just
40681
01:43:45,440 --> 01:43:46,440
in case you see it uh we'll consider
40682
01:43:47,360 --> 01:43:48,360
that something a user does there's also
40683
01:43:49,680 --> 01:43:50,680
authentication
40684
01:43:51,680 --> 01:43:52,680
that is uh uh of mult many different
40685
01:43:54,400 --> 01:43:55,400
types
40686
01:43:55,600 --> 01:43:56,600
for instance uh
40687
01:43:57,512 --> 01:43:58,512
an atm card you put in the card
40688
01:44:01,760 --> 01:44:02,760
and that's something you have and then
40689
01:44:03,832 --> 01:44:04,832
you have to type in something you know
40690
01:44:05,680 --> 01:44:06,680
so we have what are called multi-factor
40691
01:44:08,800 --> 01:44:09,800
authentication
40692
01:44:10,800 --> 01:44:11,800
which is an important distinction it's
40693
01:44:12,960 --> 01:44:13,960
something you
40694
01:44:14,800 --> 01:44:15,800
mixing and matching two out of these all
40695
01:44:17,512 --> 01:44:18,512
right
40696
01:44:20,320 --> 01:44:21,320
so let's talk about some of these forms
40697
01:44:21,832 --> 01:44:22,832
of authentication the first a lock and
40698
01:44:24,080 --> 01:44:25,080
key one of the oldest forms of
40699
01:44:25,600 --> 01:44:26,600
authentication
40700
01:44:26,960 --> 01:44:27,960
uh what good
40701
01:44:29,040 --> 01:44:30,040
is high tech encryption and computer
40702
01:44:30,960 --> 01:44:31,960
software if the user can easily access
40703
01:44:33,512 --> 01:44:34,512
the hardware and so we need a physical
40704
01:44:35,600 --> 01:44:36,600
perhaps lock and key to give people
40705
01:44:37,440 --> 01:44:38,440
access to certain rooms
40706
01:44:39,440 --> 01:44:40,440
now there are different types of lock
40707
01:44:40,800 --> 01:44:41,800
and keys this type is actually we have a
40708
01:44:42,960 --> 01:44:43,960
a key that gets you into it and actually
40709
01:44:45,040 --> 01:44:46,040
lock and so
40710
01:44:47,360 --> 01:44:48,360
this would fall under something that the
40711
01:44:49,192 --> 01:44:50,192
user has
40712
01:44:50,720 --> 01:44:51,720
you have a key now the problem with that
40713
01:44:53,192 --> 01:44:54,192
is if someone gets a copy of the key
40714
01:44:54,960 --> 01:44:55,960
made or comes upon the key that you've
40715
01:44:57,280 --> 01:44:58,280
perhaps left
40716
01:44:58,640 --> 01:44:59,640
then you can get access to the same
40717
01:45:00,552 --> 01:45:01,552
resource that person does anyone who's
40718
01:45:02,552 --> 01:45:03,552
seen a mission impossible movie knows
40719
01:45:06,400 --> 01:45:07,400
the benefit of a key though is you can
40720
01:45:08,080 --> 01:45:09,080
record who has what keys so for instance
40721
01:45:11,120 --> 01:45:12,120
if someone gets access to a specific
40722
01:45:12,872 --> 01:45:13,872
resource you can narrow it down to know
40723
01:45:16,400 --> 01:45:17,400
who has a key well it must be one of
40724
01:45:18,000 --> 01:45:19,000
those three individuals that gate got
40725
01:45:20,080 --> 01:45:21,080
access of course the problem with this
40726
01:45:21,760 --> 01:45:22,760
is if that person loses a key or allows
40727
01:45:24,000 --> 01:45:25,000
a key to be made
40728
01:45:25,512 --> 01:45:26,512
then there's no way to track down who
40729
01:45:27,120 --> 01:45:28,120
that person was who perhaps
40730
01:45:30,400 --> 01:45:31,400
copied the key
40731
01:45:32,400 --> 01:45:33,400
next we have something called a cipher
40732
01:45:33,680 --> 01:45:34,680
lock a cipher lock uses a punch code to
40733
01:45:36,480 --> 01:45:37,480
unlock a door or for instance a pc
40734
01:45:38,720 --> 01:45:39,720
laptop so this is a door a cipher lock
40735
01:45:41,512 --> 01:45:42,512
you might have one attaching to a laptop
40736
01:45:43,912 --> 01:45:44,912
this is something the user knows so now
40737
01:45:46,640 --> 01:45:47,640
instead of having a key that can be
40738
01:45:48,480 --> 01:45:49,480
copied it's a punch code or a number of
40739
01:45:51,760 --> 01:45:52,760
course the benefit is there's nothing to
40740
01:45:53,512 --> 01:45:54,512
lose the downside is what if you write
40741
01:45:56,960 --> 01:45:57,960
down your your the code or somehow
40742
01:46:00,160 --> 01:46:01,160
someone gets it from you by looking over
40743
01:46:01,912 --> 01:46:02,912
your
40744
01:46:03,280 --> 01:46:04,280
shoulder the benefit of using a cipher
40745
01:46:05,512 --> 01:46:06,512
lock is you can use different codes for
40746
01:46:07,280 --> 01:46:08,280
different users and this allows us to
40747
01:46:10,080 --> 01:46:11,080
keep track for instance if i know that
40748
01:46:12,720 --> 01:46:13,720
you have a specific code one one one one
40749
01:46:15,512 --> 01:46:16,512
and then someone else has a code 222 and
40750
01:46:18,080 --> 01:46:19,080
we see that there was a burglary right
40751
01:46:20,160 --> 01:46:21,160
after someone used the one one one one
40752
01:46:21,760 --> 01:46:22,760
code then we know that either you or
40753
01:46:23,912 --> 01:46:24,912
someone you told the code to has broken
40754
01:46:26,232 --> 01:46:27,232
in
40755
01:46:28,000 --> 01:46:29,000
now next we have a card key this is one
40756
01:46:30,160 --> 01:46:31,160
of the most common electronic entry
40757
01:46:32,080 --> 01:46:33,080
systems uh in this case it's a key that
40758
01:46:34,232 --> 01:46:35,232
you put into the lock sometimes it's
40759
01:46:36,320 --> 01:46:37,320
simply a key a card key that you uh
40760
01:46:38,960 --> 01:46:39,960
flash by the lock much like a fob
40761
01:46:42,000 --> 01:46:43,000
and this is something the user has
40762
01:46:43,680 --> 01:46:44,680
something you take around with you
40763
01:46:45,832 --> 01:46:46,832
each key contains a unique identifier
40764
01:46:48,720 --> 01:46:49,720
and then the security can log whose key
40765
01:46:51,440 --> 01:46:52,440
open the door when so if you lose your
40766
01:46:54,800 --> 01:46:55,800
key and someone takes that then it's
40767
01:46:56,872 --> 01:46:57,872
going to come back to you but at least
40768
01:46:58,800 --> 01:46:59,800
we know which key was used whereas with
40769
01:47:01,760 --> 01:47:02,760
the lock and key method we don't know
40770
01:47:03,512 --> 01:47:04,512
which key was used because only one type
40771
01:47:06,232 --> 01:47:07,232
of key can open the door and with this
40772
01:47:08,000 --> 01:47:09,000
one they digitally add sort of numbers
40773
01:47:10,872 --> 01:47:11,872
so that we can lock it and there is a
40774
01:47:12,160 --> 01:47:13,160
computer system that's logging all the
40775
01:47:14,640 --> 01:47:15,640
auditing uh auditing all the security
40776
01:47:17,040 --> 01:47:18,040
who's going in etc
40777
01:47:19,040 --> 01:47:20,040
this might be replaced by the way with a
40778
01:47:21,040 --> 01:47:22,040
key fob a radio frequency chip a barcode
40779
01:47:24,400 --> 01:47:25,400
etc but the idea is the same by the way
40780
01:47:26,720 --> 01:47:27,720
a key fob would be like those things are
40781
01:47:28,480 --> 01:47:29,480
using in cars nowadays it is based on
40782
01:47:31,440 --> 01:47:32,440
proximity so as long as you have it in
40783
01:47:33,760 --> 01:47:34,760
your pocket or in your pocketbook or
40784
01:47:35,680 --> 01:47:36,680
perhaps in your shirt pocket
40785
01:47:37,680 --> 01:47:38,680
or holding in your hand
40786
01:47:39,360 --> 01:47:40,360
you can get access to the room simply by
40787
01:47:41,912 --> 01:47:42,912
being near it now there's also something
40788
01:47:44,800 --> 01:47:45,800
called smart cards and this is an image
40789
01:47:46,320 --> 01:47:47,320
that has several different things on it
40790
01:47:47,912 --> 01:47:48,912
so this right over here is the smart
40791
01:47:50,872 --> 01:47:51,872
card and what makes this a smart card as
40792
01:47:52,720 --> 01:47:53,720
opposed to the card key is this thing
40793
01:47:54,872 --> 01:47:55,872
right here
40794
01:47:56,080 --> 01:47:57,080
they have a small nano processor built
40795
01:47:58,400 --> 01:47:59,400
in so that they can communicate with an
40796
01:48:00,480 --> 01:48:01,480
authentication system now the benefit to
40797
01:48:02,720 --> 01:48:03,720
this is it has a much wider
40798
01:48:05,192 --> 01:48:06,192
usage
40799
01:48:06,320 --> 01:48:07,320
instead of just giving you access say to
40800
01:48:09,760 --> 01:48:10,760
a door now we can give you access using
40801
01:48:12,232 --> 01:48:13,232
a cac card to
40802
01:48:14,400 --> 01:48:15,400
a computer system so the government
40803
01:48:18,400 --> 01:48:19,400
uses something called a common access
40804
01:48:20,720 --> 01:48:21,720
card members of the dod and whenever
40805
01:48:23,360 --> 01:48:24,360
they want to send an email
40806
01:48:26,640 --> 01:48:27,640
or
40807
01:48:28,232 --> 01:48:29,232
do anything for instance get access to a
40808
01:48:30,640 --> 01:48:31,640
certain area of the network they can use
40809
01:48:32,320 --> 01:48:33,320
this key card as opposed to having to
40810
01:48:34,400 --> 01:48:35,400
type in a username and password and so
40811
01:48:37,040 --> 01:48:38,040
that's the real benefit to the cac card
40812
01:48:39,280 --> 01:48:40,280
and these smart cards is they have a
40813
01:48:40,640 --> 01:48:41,640
little processor built in and so they
40814
01:48:42,800 --> 01:48:43,800
can talk to an authentication server or
40815
01:48:45,040 --> 01:48:46,040
an ldap server if you recall
40816
01:48:49,040 --> 01:48:50,040
ldap was that
40817
01:48:51,512 --> 01:48:52,512
directory access protocol
40818
01:48:53,912 --> 01:48:54,912
that gave us
40819
01:48:56,160 --> 01:48:57,160
access to certain like usernames
40820
01:48:57,832 --> 01:48:58,832
passwords but now the card takes the
40821
01:49:00,000 --> 01:49:01,000
place of that
40822
01:49:01,600 --> 01:49:02,600
it also assists with file security
40823
01:49:03,832 --> 01:49:04,832
because what it can do is it
40824
01:49:05,280 --> 01:49:06,280
automatically can add a key to encrypt
40825
01:49:08,480 --> 01:49:09,480
uh emails and files before you save them
40826
01:49:11,280 --> 01:49:12,280
or send them and that can be really
40827
01:49:13,192 --> 01:49:14,192
beneficial
40828
01:49:14,480 --> 01:49:15,480
of course
40829
01:49:15,832 --> 01:49:16,832
you you always have to have the key card
40830
01:49:17,680 --> 01:49:18,680
and if you lose it you're in major
40831
01:49:19,360 --> 01:49:20,360
trouble but canceling the key card uh
40832
01:49:21,912 --> 01:49:22,912
can also be done by say security so if
40833
01:49:24,160 --> 01:49:25,160
you lose it they can cancel that the
40834
01:49:25,912 --> 01:49:26,912
nano processor on that card won't be
40835
01:49:27,832 --> 01:49:28,832
able to get access to things
40836
01:49:29,832 --> 01:49:30,832
uh it's also something that someone has
40837
01:49:32,400 --> 01:49:33,400
again this is not something they know
40838
01:49:33,912 --> 01:49:34,912
this is something they have and this is
40839
01:49:36,000 --> 01:49:37,000
different from a token which is also
40840
01:49:38,640 --> 01:49:39,640
something you have but this is a token
40841
01:49:40,400 --> 01:49:41,400
right here and you'll notice it looks on
40842
01:49:42,720 --> 01:49:43,720
a key chain and it has a little number
40843
01:49:45,760 --> 01:49:46,760
and that number randomly changes so
40844
01:49:49,120 --> 01:49:50,120
after a certain period of time let's say
40845
01:49:50,800 --> 01:49:51,800
every 60 seconds this number changes so
40846
01:49:53,192 --> 01:49:54,192
that way if someone was to see the
40847
01:49:54,640 --> 01:49:55,640
number and then try to log in they would
40848
01:49:57,120 --> 01:49:58,120
only have the 60 second time window to
40849
01:49:59,280 --> 01:50:00,280
use it
40850
01:50:00,232 --> 01:50:01,232
you therefore
40851
01:50:02,080 --> 01:50:03,080
it's you have to provide this token code
40852
01:50:04,800 --> 01:50:05,800
when you're at getting access to
40853
01:50:06,320 --> 01:50:07,320
something so let's say you are logging
40854
01:50:08,160 --> 01:50:09,160
in remotely from home to a computer
40855
01:50:11,040 --> 01:50:12,040
using vpn which we've talked about you
40856
01:50:13,440 --> 01:50:14,440
might have to provide your username and
40857
01:50:15,120 --> 01:50:16,120
password something you know along with
40858
01:50:18,000 --> 01:50:19,000
your token something you have that way
40859
01:50:20,320 --> 01:50:21,320
they can make sure someone didn't just
40860
01:50:21,600 --> 01:50:22,600
steal your username and password and
40861
01:50:23,280 --> 01:50:24,280
that someone actually has that token of
40862
01:50:25,360 --> 01:50:26,360
course if they steal the token now they
40863
01:50:26,800 --> 01:50:27,800
have access
40864
01:50:28,000 --> 01:50:29,000
it's very useful as i mentioned to use
40865
01:50:30,480 --> 01:50:31,480
in remote access situations such as with
40866
01:50:32,960 --> 01:50:33,960
vpn it's also very expensive and you're
40867
01:50:36,320 --> 01:50:37,320
usually only going to see it in a large
40868
01:50:38,000 --> 01:50:39,000
enterprise setting uh very large
40869
01:50:41,120 --> 01:50:42,120
computer systems nowadays also there's
40870
01:50:43,680 --> 01:50:44,680
even google and dropbox and a lot of
40871
01:50:46,080 --> 01:50:47,080
other services are starting to provide
40872
01:50:47,600 --> 01:50:48,600
token access by using an app on your
40873
01:50:50,232 --> 01:50:51,232
iphone or on your smartphone such as
40874
01:50:52,080 --> 01:50:53,080
your android phone and so you download
40875
01:50:54,400 --> 01:50:55,400
an application that gives you access
40876
01:50:58,832 --> 01:50:59,832
to uh this rotating sort of token number
40877
01:51:02,720 --> 01:51:03,720
and now without having to have uh any
40878
01:51:05,832 --> 01:51:06,832
sort of special device you can log in
40879
01:51:08,000 --> 01:51:09,000
now of course the problem with that is
40880
01:51:10,480 --> 01:51:11,480
if someone gets access to your your
40881
01:51:12,320 --> 01:51:13,320
phone now they have access to your
40882
01:51:14,640 --> 01:51:15,640
entire system uh so you need to be
40883
01:51:17,040 --> 01:51:18,040
careful with that the other thing is
40884
01:51:18,480 --> 01:51:19,480
that the back end of that on google's
40885
01:51:20,872 --> 01:51:21,872
side for instance is very expensive
40886
01:51:23,040 --> 01:51:24,040
because again they have to be able to
40887
01:51:24,480 --> 01:51:25,480
coordinate those numbers and so that can
40888
01:51:26,552 --> 01:51:27,552
be a little tricky uh again this is an
40889
01:51:29,280 --> 01:51:30,280
authentication that is something you
40890
01:51:30,960 --> 01:51:31,960
have just like that card
40891
01:51:32,872 --> 01:51:33,872
by the way there are some other things
40892
01:51:34,480 --> 01:51:35,480
up here and for instance this crypto
40893
01:51:36,080 --> 01:51:37,080
card right here which would also be
40894
01:51:38,720 --> 01:51:39,720
something you have and uh a usb stick
40895
01:51:41,512 --> 01:51:42,512
you could put into your computer that
40896
01:51:42,720 --> 01:51:43,720
would automatically encrypt everything
40897
01:51:44,480 --> 01:51:45,480
on the
40898
01:51:54,832 --> 01:51:55,832
computer finally biometrics this is the
40899
01:51:57,512 --> 01:51:58,512
big one and i always see questions about
40900
01:51:59,600 --> 01:52:00,600
this on the exam in general this is the
40901
01:52:02,232 --> 01:52:03,232
science of recognizing humans based on
40902
01:52:04,720 --> 01:52:05,720
certain physical characteristics so this
40903
01:52:07,192 --> 01:52:08,192
is something you are okay and that's
40904
01:52:09,192 --> 01:52:10,192
this kind of category we're talking
40905
01:52:10,800 --> 01:52:11,800
about here bodily characteristics that
40906
01:52:13,192 --> 01:52:14,192
can be measured are stuff like
40907
01:52:14,872 --> 01:52:15,872
fingerprints
40908
01:52:16,232 --> 01:52:17,232
um retinal scans or eye scanners uh
40909
01:52:19,680 --> 01:52:20,680
facial recognition software uh and even
40910
01:52:23,040 --> 01:52:24,040
voice recognition
40911
01:52:24,400 --> 01:52:25,400
now we still have a long way to go
40912
01:52:25,912 --> 01:52:26,912
before all of these are going to be
40913
01:52:27,360 --> 01:52:28,360
useful in the in the sort of
40914
01:52:29,192 --> 01:52:30,192
non-commercial consumer market but they
40915
01:52:32,000 --> 01:52:33,000
are getting more and more uh
40916
01:52:34,480 --> 01:52:35,480
available because the technology is
40917
01:52:36,400 --> 01:52:37,400
getting cheaper and cheaper to make all
40918
01:52:38,160 --> 01:52:39,160
right so now we've talked about
40919
01:52:39,600 --> 01:52:40,600
authentication and remember i'm just
40920
01:52:41,832 --> 01:52:42,832
going to keep adding this over and over
40921
01:52:43,600 --> 01:52:44,600
again the three types that i want you to
40922
01:52:45,912 --> 01:52:46,912
really remember is something you are
40923
01:52:49,680 --> 01:52:50,680
something you know
40924
01:52:52,960 --> 01:52:53,960
and
40925
01:52:54,232 --> 01:52:55,232
something you have
40926
01:52:56,000 --> 01:52:57,000
okay so lock and key is something you
40927
01:52:58,320 --> 01:52:59,320
have cipher lock something you know
40928
01:53:01,760 --> 01:53:02,760
card key something you have a smart card
40929
01:53:05,440 --> 01:53:06,440
would also be something you have
40930
01:53:07,600 --> 01:53:08,600
a token something you have and
40931
01:53:10,080 --> 01:53:11,080
biometrics something you are another
40932
01:53:12,320 --> 01:53:13,320
thing you would know would be a password
40933
01:53:14,320 --> 01:53:15,320
this is why it's important never to
40934
01:53:15,600 --> 01:53:16,600
write down passwords because they have
40935
01:53:18,000 --> 01:53:19,000
to remain something you know not
40936
01:53:19,280 --> 01:53:20,280
something you have if someone has that
40937
01:53:20,640 --> 01:53:21,640
piece of paper then we're in trouble the
40938
01:53:22,720 --> 01:53:23,720
other thing to remember is that we have
40939
01:53:24,232 --> 01:53:25,232
something called
40940
01:53:25,912 --> 01:53:26,912
multi-factor
40941
01:53:30,720 --> 01:53:31,720
authentication
40942
01:53:33,440 --> 01:53:34,440
and that can involve
40943
01:53:35,192 --> 01:53:36,192
any mixture of these so it would mix
40944
01:53:37,760 --> 01:53:38,760
something you are with something you
40945
01:53:39,360 --> 01:53:40,360
know for instance a password and a
40946
01:53:41,040 --> 01:53:42,040
fingerprint scan or something you have
40947
01:53:43,040 --> 01:53:44,040
with something you know such as an
40948
01:53:45,120 --> 01:53:46,120
example of
40949
01:53:46,552 --> 01:53:47,552
an atm withdrawal right you need to have
40950
01:53:48,872 --> 01:53:49,872
a card that you swipe and you have to
40951
01:53:50,960 --> 01:53:51,960
know
40952
01:53:51,832 --> 01:53:52,832
an atm pin
40953
01:53:53,600 --> 01:53:54,600
all right so let's quickly talk about
40954
01:53:54,800 --> 01:53:55,800
some physical security things
40955
01:53:56,960 --> 01:53:57,960
passwords should never be written down
40956
01:53:59,832 --> 01:54:00,832
and especially not taped on a monitor
40957
01:54:01,912 --> 01:54:02,912
under a keyboard just like i mentioned a
40958
01:54:03,760 --> 01:54:04,760
little while ago
40959
01:54:05,832 --> 01:54:06,832
this is generally falling under the
40960
01:54:08,080 --> 01:54:09,080
reason that you'll generally see this is
40961
01:54:09,680 --> 01:54:10,680
in something called a clean desk policy
40962
01:54:12,232 --> 01:54:13,232
a clean desk policy usually says that
40963
01:54:14,080 --> 01:54:15,080
you have to remove all papers from your
40964
01:54:15,760 --> 01:54:16,760
desk before leaving for lunch breaks etc
40965
01:54:18,640 --> 01:54:19,640
this way no one can walk by during a
40966
01:54:20,800 --> 01:54:21,800
break and get information
40967
01:54:23,600 --> 01:54:24,600
you always want to store these papers in
40968
01:54:25,680 --> 01:54:26,680
a safe place and either shred or burn
40969
01:54:27,512 --> 01:54:28,512
them if they're no longer needed i know
40970
01:54:29,280 --> 01:54:30,280
it might sound weird to shred paper
40971
01:54:31,912 --> 01:54:32,912
i mean to burn paper but there are burn
40972
01:54:33,832 --> 01:54:34,832
bags in certain
40973
01:54:35,832 --> 01:54:36,832
you know government institutions so that
40974
01:54:37,760 --> 01:54:38,760
way they can make sure stuff can't be
40975
01:54:39,360 --> 01:54:40,360
recovered
40976
01:54:41,832 --> 01:54:42,832
you're also probably going to want to
40977
01:54:42,960 --> 01:54:43,960
put a privacy filter on a pc monitor and
40978
01:54:46,080 --> 01:54:47,080
that's going to reduce the visibility of
40979
01:54:47,912 --> 01:54:48,912
the monitor for shoulder surfing if
40980
01:54:49,440 --> 01:54:50,440
you've ever seen a privacy filter you
40981
01:54:52,232 --> 01:54:53,232
have a monitor and the privacy filter
40982
01:54:54,552 --> 01:54:55,552
sort of sits
40983
01:54:56,160 --> 01:54:57,160
on top
40984
01:54:59,192 --> 01:55:00,192
of that filter i'm just sure to show the
40985
01:55:00,960 --> 01:55:01,960
distance and it makes it so that
40986
01:55:03,680 --> 01:55:04,680
the width of where people can see is not
40987
01:55:06,320 --> 01:55:07,320
very wide so you have to be right behind
40988
01:55:08,400 --> 01:55:09,400
this in order for it to work all right
40989
01:55:10,640 --> 01:55:11,640
it also works as a double reducing
40990
01:55:12,960 --> 01:55:13,960
anti-glare you may have seen them in the
40991
01:55:14,720 --> 01:55:15,720
field
40992
01:55:15,680 --> 01:55:16,680
i also want to talk about something
40993
01:55:16,960 --> 01:55:17,960
called a man trap because this gets
40994
01:55:18,640 --> 01:55:19,640
specifically to um
40995
01:55:21,280 --> 01:55:22,280
uh
40996
01:55:22,160 --> 01:55:23,160
physical security
40997
01:55:23,912 --> 01:55:24,912
in situations in which someone can
40998
01:55:25,912 --> 01:55:26,912
tailgate you and this is a term we'll
40999
01:55:28,000 --> 01:55:29,000
talk about a little bit later a man trap
41000
01:55:30,080 --> 01:55:31,080
is like a double door system in which
41001
01:55:32,232 --> 01:55:33,232
only one person is allowed access at a
41002
01:55:34,400 --> 01:55:35,400
time so sometimes what you'll have is
41003
01:55:36,160 --> 01:55:37,160
you'll literally have if we're looking
41004
01:55:37,512 --> 01:55:38,512
at this as a cross section if i have one
41005
01:55:39,280 --> 01:55:40,280
door
41006
01:55:40,480 --> 01:55:41,480
and then i'll have a hallway and then
41007
01:55:43,192 --> 01:55:44,192
you'll have another door
41008
01:55:45,600 --> 01:55:46,600
alright so here's one door and here's
41009
01:55:47,832 --> 01:55:48,832
the other door and what happens is this
41010
01:55:50,000 --> 01:55:51,000
way it only allows one person at a time
41011
01:55:52,480 --> 01:55:53,480
so you come in here and then you swipe
41012
01:55:54,872 --> 01:55:55,872
and then you go in and then the next
41013
01:55:56,640 --> 01:55:57,640
person can swipe and go in the idea is
41014
01:55:58,720 --> 01:55:59,720
that you want to make sure only one
41015
01:56:00,400 --> 01:56:01,400
person goes in at a time the other thing
41016
01:56:02,552 --> 01:56:03,552
this does is make sure that there's a
41017
01:56:04,080 --> 01:56:05,080
buffer zone between uh more than one
41018
01:56:06,080 --> 01:56:07,080
person
41019
01:56:07,040 --> 01:56:08,040
in case an emergency sometimes uh in the
41020
01:56:10,640 --> 01:56:11,640
military if you go to a military base
41021
01:56:13,280 --> 01:56:14,280
if we have two cars like so this is my
41022
01:56:16,872 --> 01:56:17,872
really terrible car drawing right what
41023
01:56:18,800 --> 01:56:19,800
they'll do is they'll make sure that
41024
01:56:20,080 --> 01:56:21,080
there's always two cars
41025
01:56:24,000 --> 01:56:25,000
whenever they're checking ids and stuff
41026
01:56:26,400 --> 01:56:27,400
at a roadblock that way
41027
01:56:28,800 --> 01:56:29,800
this car right here can never just
41028
01:56:31,120 --> 01:56:32,120
drive through okay so they're using one
41029
01:56:33,192 --> 01:56:34,192
as a buffer for the other it is a
41030
01:56:34,872 --> 01:56:35,872
man-made man trap another type of man
41031
01:56:37,832 --> 01:56:38,832
trap um
41032
01:56:40,800 --> 01:56:41,800
is gonna be
41033
01:56:43,040 --> 01:56:44,040
uh one of these turn styles as i think
41034
01:56:44,720 --> 01:56:45,720
i'll mention in a second i wanted to
41035
01:56:46,320 --> 01:56:47,320
point out that authentication can happen
41036
01:56:48,872 --> 01:56:49,872
at each door so for instance here i
41037
01:56:51,040 --> 01:56:52,040
might need a
41038
01:56:52,552 --> 01:56:53,552
password or a passcode because it's a
41039
01:56:54,232 --> 01:56:55,232
cipher lock and then here i might need a
41040
01:56:56,080 --> 01:56:57,080
card key so you can have double
41041
01:56:57,912 --> 01:56:58,912
authentication in order to double check
41042
01:57:00,160 --> 01:57:01,160
that people should be allowed access
41043
01:57:02,480 --> 01:57:03,480
if you're not authorized you may make it
41044
01:57:05,280 --> 01:57:06,280
past the first door but you might not
41045
01:57:07,280 --> 01:57:08,280
make it past the second so the idea
41046
01:57:09,280 --> 01:57:10,280
again is using a multi-factor what we
41047
01:57:11,760 --> 01:57:12,760
call multi-factor authentication in
41048
01:57:14,232 --> 01:57:15,232
order to double check that someone who's
41049
01:57:16,080 --> 01:57:17,080
getting access should be having access
41050
01:57:19,512 --> 01:57:20,512
okay so now that was physical security
41051
01:57:21,912 --> 01:57:22,912
including the man trap let's talk a
41052
01:57:23,760 --> 01:57:24,760
little bit about social engineering
41053
01:57:26,552 --> 01:57:27,552
social engineering
41054
01:57:28,160 --> 01:57:29,160
unlike other forts that are done like a
41055
01:57:29,912 --> 01:57:30,912
brute force like a brute force attack
41056
01:57:33,512 --> 01:57:34,512
which means that i'm just going to try
41057
01:57:34,640 --> 01:57:35,640
as many passwords as possible until i
41058
01:57:36,400 --> 01:57:37,400
finally get through social engineering
41059
01:57:38,320 --> 01:57:39,320
basically means i'm going to manipulate
41060
01:57:39,912 --> 01:57:40,912
people into giving me information
41061
01:57:43,280 --> 01:57:44,280
which you know can be a real problem
41062
01:57:45,760 --> 01:57:46,760
there are a lot of different examples of
41063
01:57:47,192 --> 01:57:48,192
this i want to provide you for instance
41064
01:57:48,872 --> 01:57:49,872
an email asking you for your password is
41065
01:57:51,120 --> 01:57:52,120
a type of social engineering it's
41066
01:57:52,640 --> 01:57:53,640
manipulating you into giving you giving
41067
01:57:54,800 --> 01:57:55,800
a password maybe uh the email even
41068
01:57:57,440 --> 01:57:58,440
pretends like it's your bank an
41069
01:57:59,440 --> 01:58:00,440
organization asks for your credit card
41070
01:58:01,440 --> 01:58:02,440
information or your password on the
41071
01:58:03,040 --> 01:58:04,040
phone uh they call you and you don't
41072
01:58:05,832 --> 01:58:06,832
call them back right so they say hey uh
41073
01:58:08,232 --> 01:58:09,232
this is your bank please give us your
41074
01:58:09,680 --> 01:58:10,680
social security number or this other
41075
01:58:11,512 --> 01:58:12,512
piece of information what you should
41076
01:58:13,040 --> 01:58:14,040
always try doing in that case is saying
41077
01:58:14,552 --> 01:58:15,552
hey let me call you back
41078
01:58:16,320 --> 01:58:17,320
uh or for instance someone calls the i.t
41079
01:58:18,800 --> 01:58:19,800
desk or the personnel office and to gain
41080
01:58:21,120 --> 01:58:22,120
information hi i'm frank's wife and he's
41081
01:58:24,480 --> 01:58:25,480
out today and i need to get his password
41082
01:58:26,640 --> 01:58:27,640
for whatever reason or i need to send
41083
01:58:28,232 --> 01:58:29,232
him something and these are all ways in
41084
01:58:30,720 --> 01:58:31,720
which we social engineer in order to get
41085
01:58:33,360 --> 01:58:34,360
what we want now one type of social
41086
01:58:35,512 --> 01:58:36,512
engineering is spam
41087
01:58:37,360 --> 01:58:38,360
and this is as you all know is basically
41088
01:58:40,232 --> 01:58:41,232
unsolicited bulk email why it still is
41089
01:58:43,440 --> 01:58:44,440
going around uh you know why we have to
41090
01:58:45,680 --> 01:58:46,680
spend
41091
01:58:47,192 --> 01:58:48,192
you know thousands perhaps even millions
41092
01:58:49,040 --> 01:58:50,040
of dollars a year
41093
01:58:50,800 --> 01:58:51,800
on reducing the amount of bulk email we
41094
01:58:52,552 --> 01:58:53,552
get
41095
01:58:53,440 --> 01:58:54,440
but
41096
01:58:54,400 --> 01:58:55,400
one of the reasons for this is they hope
41097
01:58:56,480 --> 01:58:57,480
that they'll get some you'll need to
41098
01:58:57,912 --> 01:58:58,912
click on something right and then they
41099
01:58:59,360 --> 01:59:00,360
can affect you with a virus or do
41100
01:59:01,280 --> 01:59:02,280
something else so it is a form of social
41101
01:59:02,800 --> 01:59:03,800
engineering one way to prevent it
41102
01:59:05,440 --> 01:59:06,440
is to use a strong password and that way
41103
01:59:08,480 --> 01:59:09,480
uh hackers can't send email from your
41104
01:59:10,800 --> 01:59:11,800
email address
41105
01:59:12,800 --> 01:59:13,800
sometimes what will happen is in order
41106
01:59:14,552 --> 01:59:15,552
to get information or to send out
41107
01:59:16,640 --> 01:59:17,640
information to other people that you
41108
01:59:18,552 --> 01:59:19,552
know they will get access to your email
41109
01:59:21,120 --> 01:59:22,120
and then send out emails and other
41110
01:59:22,480 --> 01:59:23,480
people think oh that's from my buddy so
41111
01:59:24,400 --> 01:59:25,400
i'll open it and so one thing we can do
41112
01:59:26,160 --> 01:59:27,160
is use a strong password always a strong
41113
01:59:28,320 --> 01:59:29,320
password and by the way
41114
01:59:29,832 --> 01:59:30,832
just so we know what a strong password
41115
01:59:31,760 --> 01:59:32,760
is a strong password should be at least
41116
01:59:34,232 --> 01:59:35,232
eight characters if not more
41117
01:59:37,600 --> 01:59:38,600
okay it needs to include numbers
41118
01:59:42,872 --> 01:59:43,872
upper and lower case
41119
01:59:48,552 --> 01:59:49,552
uh letters and special special
41120
01:59:51,760 --> 01:59:52,760
characters
41121
01:59:55,120 --> 01:59:56,120
this is why one of the most commonly
41122
01:59:57,120 --> 01:59:58,120
used generic secure passwords is
41123
02:00:00,800 --> 02:00:01,800
something like this
41124
02:00:11,512 --> 02:00:12,512
so i'll have one two three four five six
41125
02:00:14,480 --> 02:00:15,480
seven eight nine characters i'm using a
41126
02:00:17,280 --> 02:00:18,280
number the number zero i have upper case
41127
02:00:20,800 --> 02:00:21,800
letters and lowercase letters and then i
41128
02:00:23,512 --> 02:00:24,512
have special characters so this is
41129
02:00:25,600 --> 02:00:26,600
passwords but we've replaced the a with
41130
02:00:28,080 --> 02:00:29,080
an at we've used some uppercases and we
41131
02:00:30,720 --> 02:00:31,720
replaced this o with the zero
41132
02:00:33,280 --> 02:00:34,280
an easy thing to do
41133
02:00:35,680 --> 02:00:36,680
you also want to use some sort of spam
41134
02:00:37,440 --> 02:00:38,440
filter if it's not already provided
41135
02:00:38,720 --> 02:00:39,720
through your server if you're using a
41136
02:00:40,160 --> 02:00:41,160
google or a yahoo or one of these
41137
02:00:41,760 --> 02:00:42,760
there's probably a spam filter built in
41138
02:00:44,320 --> 02:00:45,320
a very popular spam filter used on an
41139
02:00:46,232 --> 02:00:47,232
enterprise level is called postini and
41140
02:00:49,120 --> 02:00:50,120
basically what it does is it searches
41141
02:00:50,480 --> 02:00:51,480
emails and suspects them of either being
41142
02:00:52,640 --> 02:00:53,640
spam or not and then moves it into a
41143
02:00:54,552 --> 02:00:55,552
junk email folder
41144
02:00:56,400 --> 02:00:57,400
as i just mentioned some email clients
41145
02:00:58,960 --> 02:00:59,960
provide an additional spam filter and
41146
02:01:01,120 --> 02:01:02,120
that would be like outlook so outlook
41147
02:01:02,872 --> 02:01:03,872
will have an additional spam filter or
41148
02:01:04,400 --> 02:01:05,400
you can install one save from mcafee or
41149
02:01:06,480 --> 02:01:07,480
norton and so on and so forth
41150
02:01:09,832 --> 02:01:10,832
uh you can also subscribe to what are
41151
02:01:11,680 --> 02:01:12,680
called white lists these uh as opposed
41152
02:01:14,480 --> 02:01:15,480
to blacklists
41153
02:01:17,440 --> 02:01:18,440
right contain email or entire domains
41154
02:01:19,832 --> 02:01:20,832
that are trusted and so you basically
41155
02:01:22,000 --> 02:01:23,000
it's someone else telling you hey you
41156
02:01:23,192 --> 02:01:24,192
don't have to worry about this uh
41157
02:01:25,600 --> 02:01:26,600
of course the trouble is if you're on a
41158
02:01:27,440 --> 02:01:28,440
blacklist then other people aren't going
41159
02:01:28,872 --> 02:01:29,872
to receive your emails so it's really
41160
02:01:30,872 --> 02:01:31,872
important
41161
02:01:32,232 --> 02:01:33,232
and blacklist something else you can
41162
02:01:34,320 --> 02:01:35,320
subscribe to which are the opposite of a
41163
02:01:35,760 --> 02:01:36,760
whitelist basically saying keep these
41164
02:01:37,680 --> 02:01:38,680
people away from me
41165
02:01:39,912 --> 02:01:40,912
all right fishing fishing is attempting
41166
02:01:42,400 --> 02:01:43,400
to fraudulently obtain private
41167
02:01:44,320 --> 02:01:45,320
information usually by pretending to be
41168
02:01:46,232 --> 02:01:47,232
someone else now this can happen either
41169
02:01:48,160 --> 02:01:49,160
using uh email or phone
41170
02:01:51,760 --> 02:01:52,760
or
41171
02:01:52,720 --> 02:01:53,720
or even in person if i go to the bank
41172
02:01:55,440 --> 02:01:56,440
and i can produce some sort of id saying
41173
02:01:58,000 --> 02:01:59,000
that i'm you then i might be able to get
41174
02:02:00,160 --> 02:02:01,160
access to all of your bank account
41175
02:02:01,360 --> 02:02:02,360
information
41176
02:02:02,552 --> 02:02:03,552
alternatively if i call up you know call
41177
02:02:05,040 --> 02:02:06,040
you at home and say i'm your bank
41178
02:02:07,192 --> 02:02:08,192
and that i need some information ask you
41179
02:02:09,280 --> 02:02:10,280
to provide me with something you might
41180
02:02:10,872 --> 02:02:11,872
just do it so another example would be
41181
02:02:13,360 --> 02:02:14,360
an email leading you to a malicious
41182
02:02:15,040 --> 02:02:16,040
website that looks like your bank
41183
02:02:16,552 --> 02:02:17,552
website so it looks it looks like a
41184
02:02:18,800 --> 02:02:19,800
website that you visit often but it's
41185
02:02:20,400 --> 02:02:21,400
actually a fake website that's been set
41186
02:02:22,320 --> 02:02:23,320
up specifically to fish information from
41187
02:02:24,960 --> 02:02:25,960
you
41188
02:02:26,480 --> 02:02:27,480
you can put a fishing filter in place
41189
02:02:28,960 --> 02:02:29,960
but education is the number one way to
41190
02:02:31,512 --> 02:02:32,512
combat social engineering in any form
41191
02:02:33,760 --> 02:02:34,760
including fishing by the way you might
41192
02:02:35,600 --> 02:02:36,600
hear of a term called whaling and
41193
02:02:38,400 --> 02:02:39,400
whaling as opposed to fishing means
41194
02:02:40,400 --> 02:02:41,400
instead of going after the small fish
41195
02:02:42,080 --> 02:02:43,080
you're going after the big fish like
41196
02:02:43,760 --> 02:02:44,760
ceos etc so they try to go after the big
41197
02:02:46,872 --> 02:02:47,872
names that way they can just get to the
41198
02:02:48,872 --> 02:02:49,872
good information quickly
41199
02:02:51,120 --> 02:02:52,120
now shoulder surfing is really simple
41200
02:02:52,960 --> 02:02:53,960
this is the use of direct observation to
41201
02:02:55,280 --> 02:02:56,280
find out someone's password pin or other
41202
02:02:57,360 --> 02:02:58,360
information
41203
02:02:58,640 --> 02:02:59,640
so you're typing in your password i'm a
41204
02:03:00,720 --> 02:03:01,720
technician and i'm standing over you and
41205
02:03:03,120 --> 02:03:04,120
you type in your password and they watch
41206
02:03:04,720 --> 02:03:05,720
you that's shoulder surfing it's one of
41207
02:03:06,720 --> 02:03:07,720
the main reasons why whenever i am on
41208
02:03:08,800 --> 02:03:09,800
site with a client i always turn around
41209
02:03:11,120 --> 02:03:12,120
or walk away while they log in
41210
02:03:14,552 --> 02:03:15,552
you can use
41211
02:03:15,912 --> 02:03:16,912
different things such as that privacy
41212
02:03:17,600 --> 02:03:18,600
filter like i mentioned over your
41213
02:03:19,600 --> 02:03:20,600
monitor you can also shield the screen
41214
02:03:21,440 --> 02:03:22,440
or the keypad with your uh
41215
02:03:24,232 --> 02:03:25,232
hands
41216
02:03:25,360 --> 02:03:26,360
however of course the biggest way to
41217
02:03:27,512 --> 02:03:28,512
reduce shoulder surfing is to be
41218
02:03:29,360 --> 02:03:30,360
educated
41219
02:03:31,600 --> 02:03:32,600
there's also something called
41220
02:03:32,480 --> 02:03:33,480
piggybacking or tailgating which are
41221
02:03:34,640 --> 02:03:35,640
similar but slightly different
41222
02:03:36,552 --> 02:03:37,552
both are
41223
02:03:37,760 --> 02:03:38,760
basic these are both physical sort of
41224
02:03:39,600 --> 02:03:40,600
access uh
41225
02:03:41,120 --> 02:03:42,120
social engineering ways and basically
41226
02:03:42,720 --> 02:03:43,720
what happens is let's say i have a card
41227
02:03:45,192 --> 02:03:46,192
key
41228
02:03:46,080 --> 02:03:47,080
what i would do is i swipe in i open the
41229
02:03:48,552 --> 02:03:49,552
door and i start to walk in and then you
41230
02:03:50,000 --> 02:03:51,000
go hey hold the door and you walk in
41231
02:03:52,080 --> 02:03:53,080
behind me you've never swiped your key
41232
02:03:54,080 --> 02:03:55,080
there is no proof therefore that you
41233
02:03:56,232 --> 02:03:57,232
even are allowed to get in
41234
02:03:58,800 --> 02:03:59,800
this is a really big deal especially in
41235
02:04:00,552 --> 02:04:01,552
military government installations where
41236
02:04:02,720 --> 02:04:03,720
you're not supposed to do any of this
41237
02:04:04,320 --> 02:04:05,320
now the difference in piggybacking is
41238
02:04:06,720 --> 02:04:07,720
piggybacking is usually with the
41239
02:04:08,080 --> 02:04:09,080
person's consent meaning that i uh i
41240
02:04:12,000 --> 02:04:13,000
swipe and then i open the door for you
41241
02:04:14,000 --> 02:04:15,000
as you walk in i've seen this in cases
41242
02:04:16,160 --> 02:04:17,160
for instance when i was on a military
41243
02:04:18,232 --> 02:04:19,232
base someone uh a lower ranking officer
41244
02:04:22,160 --> 02:04:23,160
opened the door you know swiped and
41245
02:04:23,760 --> 02:04:24,760
opened the door for a higher ranking
41246
02:04:25,440 --> 02:04:26,440
officer and let them pass of course the
41247
02:04:27,512 --> 02:04:28,512
problem is this
41248
02:04:28,720 --> 02:04:29,720
breached security protocol what really
41249
02:04:31,040 --> 02:04:32,040
should have happened is they both should
41250
02:04:32,800 --> 02:04:33,800
have been swiping in but one was trying
41251
02:04:34,720 --> 02:04:35,720
to be nice to the other with tailgating
41252
02:04:36,960 --> 02:04:37,960
you usually don't have the authorized
41253
02:04:38,232 --> 02:04:39,232
person's consent so that would be like
41254
02:04:40,232 --> 02:04:41,232
the door is about to close and i rush in
41255
02:04:42,640 --> 02:04:43,640
we've seen that in a bunch of movies
41256
02:04:43,912 --> 02:04:44,912
someone throws their hat to block the
41257
02:04:45,512 --> 02:04:46,512
door from closing etc
41258
02:04:48,000 --> 02:04:49,000
man traps turn styles security guards
41259
02:04:50,640 --> 02:04:51,640
these are really good ways to prevent
41260
02:04:52,480 --> 02:04:53,480
against piggybacking and tailgating
41261
02:04:54,872 --> 02:04:55,872
in addition to of course education
41262
02:04:57,120 --> 02:04:58,120
education
41263
02:04:58,832 --> 02:04:59,832
education all right so now we've talked
41264
02:05:01,760 --> 02:05:02,760
about a few forms of social engineering
41265
02:05:04,000 --> 02:05:05,000
including spam which is like that
41266
02:05:05,680 --> 02:05:06,680
unsolicited bulk mail phishing
41267
02:05:07,760 --> 02:05:08,760
pretending to be someone you're not in
41268
02:05:09,120 --> 02:05:10,120
order to get information
41269
02:05:10,872 --> 02:05:11,872
shoulder surfing which is basically just
41270
02:05:12,960 --> 02:05:13,960
looking a line of sight direct
41271
02:05:14,800 --> 02:05:15,800
observation and then piggybacking or
41272
02:05:17,040 --> 02:05:18,040
tailgating the difference being one is
41273
02:05:19,280 --> 02:05:20,280
authorized and one is not
41274
02:05:21,192 --> 02:05:22,192
finally let's talk about some hard drive
41275
02:05:22,872 --> 02:05:23,872
disposal methods
41276
02:05:24,720 --> 02:05:25,720
storage devices such as hard drives
41277
02:05:26,800 --> 02:05:27,800
contain a lot of useful information on
41278
02:05:29,192 --> 02:05:30,192
them and even once i've formatted it
41279
02:05:32,552 --> 02:05:33,552
purportedly erasing all of the data on
41280
02:05:34,960 --> 02:05:35,960
there someone who's really good at
41281
02:05:36,720 --> 02:05:37,720
forensics can actually recall a lot of
41282
02:05:39,512 --> 02:05:40,512
that data including for instance
41283
02:05:41,192 --> 02:05:42,192
passwords or tax information and so on
41284
02:05:44,080 --> 02:05:45,080
so proper data removal goes beyond just
41285
02:05:47,040 --> 02:05:48,040
file deletion or formatting and we're
41286
02:05:48,960 --> 02:05:49,960
going to talk about a couple of these
41287
02:05:50,720 --> 02:05:51,720
either way
41288
02:05:52,552 --> 02:05:53,552
when a hard drive is removed from the
41289
02:05:54,320 --> 02:05:55,320
computer we either need to recycle it in
41290
02:05:56,960 --> 02:05:57,960
a proper manner so someone else can use
41291
02:05:58,800 --> 02:05:59,800
it or dispose of it in a proper manner
41292
02:06:01,040 --> 02:06:02,040
so no one else can use it for instance
41293
02:06:02,960 --> 02:06:03,960
if i had a piece of paper with very
41294
02:06:04,552 --> 02:06:05,552
sensitive information on it i'm probably
41295
02:06:06,872 --> 02:06:07,872
not going to let someone write on the
41296
02:06:08,232 --> 02:06:09,232
back of it because what if they turn it
41297
02:06:10,160 --> 02:06:11,160
over i'd probably shred it same with a
41298
02:06:12,720 --> 02:06:13,720
hard drive we need to figure out how to
41299
02:06:14,400 --> 02:06:15,400
either dispose of it or recycle it in
41300
02:06:16,720 --> 02:06:17,720
such a way that our information is not
41301
02:06:18,552 --> 02:06:19,552
going to be lost to someone else
41302
02:06:21,280 --> 02:06:22,280
there are three methods of disposal that
41303
02:06:23,120 --> 02:06:24,120
we're going to talk about
41304
02:06:24,640 --> 02:06:25,640
or
41305
02:06:25,832 --> 02:06:26,832
when i say disposal that also includes
41306
02:06:27,680 --> 02:06:28,680
recycling one is called clearing one is
41307
02:06:30,320 --> 02:06:31,320
called purging and one is called
41308
02:06:31,680 --> 02:06:32,680
destruction i just want to point out all
41309
02:06:33,912 --> 02:06:34,912
of these
41310
02:06:36,320 --> 02:06:37,320
all of these have different names and
41311
02:06:38,080 --> 02:06:39,080
i'll talk about some of them and some of
41312
02:06:39,600 --> 02:06:40,600
those depending on who you talk to would
41313
02:06:41,280 --> 02:06:42,280
have different things the important
41314
02:06:42,872 --> 02:06:43,872
thing is just to realize that um
41315
02:06:45,120 --> 02:06:46,120
information still resides on those hard
41316
02:06:47,040 --> 02:06:48,040
drives and i need to get some
41317
02:06:48,160 --> 02:06:49,160
information off of them
41318
02:06:49,912 --> 02:06:50,912
all right
41319
02:06:52,640 --> 02:06:53,640
so first let's talk about clearing
41320
02:06:55,512 --> 02:06:56,512
clearing is the removal of data that
41321
02:06:57,600 --> 02:06:58,600
then can be reconstructed uh cannot be
41322
02:07:00,640 --> 02:07:01,640
reconstructed i'm sorry
41323
02:07:03,040 --> 02:07:04,040
so
41324
02:07:03,760 --> 02:07:04,760
one thing that this is called another
41325
02:07:05,832 --> 02:07:06,832
word of this by the way is called data
41326
02:07:07,680 --> 02:07:08,680
wiping
41327
02:07:09,192 --> 02:07:10,192
it overwrites the old data with new
41328
02:07:12,480 --> 02:07:13,480
clear data
41329
02:07:14,480 --> 02:07:15,480
by the way you can see here's a
41330
02:07:16,480 --> 02:07:17,480
if this is a wipe and this is something
41331
02:07:18,480 --> 02:07:19,480
this is a device that you'd bring around
41332
02:07:20,400 --> 02:07:21,400
and would specifically use to clear wipe
41333
02:07:24,320 --> 02:07:25,320
the uh hard drive and so you're adding
41334
02:07:28,080 --> 02:07:29,080
old you're adding new data on top of the
41335
02:07:30,160 --> 02:07:31,160
old which hopefully should remove stuff
41336
02:07:32,800 --> 02:07:33,800
this is also referred to as shredding
41337
02:07:35,600 --> 02:07:36,600
the hard drive by the way there's also
41338
02:07:37,512 --> 02:07:38,512
physically shredding the hard drive so
41339
02:07:38,960 --> 02:07:39,960
this word can get a little weird
41340
02:07:42,320 --> 02:07:43,320
in some cases the data is recoverable to
41341
02:07:44,872 --> 02:07:45,872
an extent using forensic measures so it
41342
02:07:47,280 --> 02:07:48,280
is important that when you do this
41343
02:07:50,160 --> 02:07:51,160
you do it in such a way that you're not
41344
02:07:53,192 --> 02:07:54,192
leaving any information on and that's
41345
02:07:54,720 --> 02:07:55,720
also why a lot of times we're not going
41346
02:07:56,232 --> 02:07:57,232
to use this method
41347
02:07:58,800 --> 02:07:59,800
the next one is called purging
41348
02:08:01,440 --> 02:08:02,440
this is also known as sanitizing and
41349
02:08:04,160 --> 02:08:05,160
this is where we remove all the data so
41350
02:08:06,400 --> 02:08:07,400
it can't be reconstructed by any
41351
02:08:09,360 --> 02:08:10,360
known technique so as opposed to
41352
02:08:12,480 --> 02:08:13,480
the other one where i'm adding clear
41353
02:08:14,320 --> 02:08:15,320
data over the already
41354
02:08:16,720 --> 02:08:17,720
their data this is going to actually
41355
02:08:18,640 --> 02:08:19,640
sanitize it this destroys data on the
41356
02:08:21,600 --> 02:08:22,600
media and usually this complies with the
41357
02:08:24,232 --> 02:08:25,232
department of defense uh sort of method
41358
02:08:27,280 --> 02:08:28,280
and by the way i just want to mention
41359
02:08:28,400 --> 02:08:29,400
when we're formatting a hard drive there
41360
02:08:30,160 --> 02:08:31,160
are two types of formats
41361
02:08:32,400 --> 02:08:33,400
there is a low level and a high level
41362
02:08:35,280 --> 02:08:36,280
format what we're talking about here are
41363
02:08:37,440 --> 02:08:38,440
low level formats now that might sound
41364
02:08:40,232 --> 02:08:41,232
weird because you say hey a high level
41365
02:08:41,832 --> 02:08:42,832
format that sounds like it's higher it's
41366
02:08:43,360 --> 02:08:44,360
better in fact a high level format think
41367
02:08:45,512 --> 02:08:46,512
about this way sits on the highest rung
41368
02:08:47,832 --> 02:08:48,832
of the of the hard drive and doesn't get
41369
02:08:50,800 --> 02:08:51,800
deep in and really do a deep clean
41370
02:08:52,872 --> 02:08:53,872
that's like a quick clean
41371
02:08:55,040 --> 02:08:56,040
of your home for instance a low
41372
02:08:56,872 --> 02:08:57,872
low-level format means you're getting
41373
02:08:58,552 --> 02:08:59,552
deep you're really scrubbing it and
41374
02:09:00,720 --> 02:09:01,720
that's what we want here now the
41375
02:09:02,552 --> 02:09:03,552
department of defense requires that you
41376
02:09:04,400 --> 02:09:05,400
have at least seven passes of rewrites
41377
02:09:07,680 --> 02:09:08,680
as you're destroying all this data all
41378
02:09:09,912 --> 02:09:10,912
right and you can see here we can verify
41379
02:09:12,080 --> 02:09:13,080
the lastpass here's seven passes right
41380
02:09:14,320 --> 02:09:15,320
here
41381
02:09:16,480 --> 02:09:17,480
this may also degauss the disk which is
41382
02:09:18,800 --> 02:09:19,800
basically
41383
02:09:20,080 --> 02:09:21,080
wiping a huge
41384
02:09:22,552 --> 02:09:23,552
magnet over the disk and that's gonna
41385
02:09:24,480 --> 02:09:25,480
cause physical damage to the drive and
41386
02:09:26,160 --> 02:09:27,160
the platters within but it does purge it
41387
02:09:28,480 --> 02:09:29,480
of all data or delete all the data from
41388
02:09:30,480 --> 02:09:31,480
it or wipe it
41389
02:09:32,320 --> 02:09:33,320
this then cannot be used again once
41390
02:09:34,320 --> 02:09:35,320
you've done that so it's not so good for
41391
02:09:35,760 --> 02:09:36,760
recycling but sometimes we just want to
41392
02:09:37,832 --> 02:09:38,832
make sure the data is not off and we
41393
02:09:38,960 --> 02:09:39,960
don't want to recycle it
41394
02:09:40,872 --> 02:09:41,872
now the third and final type is
41395
02:09:42,480 --> 02:09:43,480
destruction as this great image on the
41396
02:09:44,400 --> 02:09:45,400
right shows you the storage is literally
41397
02:09:47,040 --> 02:09:48,040
pulverized it is put into a big machine
41398
02:09:49,512 --> 02:09:50,512
that pulverizes the data so that there
41399
02:09:51,912 --> 02:09:52,912
is no way it can be reconstructed
41400
02:09:54,640 --> 02:09:55,640
then once they've done that the media is
41401
02:09:56,480 --> 02:09:57,480
disposed of in accordance with some
41402
02:09:58,320 --> 02:09:59,320
municipal guidelines generally not
41403
02:10:00,320 --> 02:10:01,320
burning or you know thrown away into a
41404
02:10:04,800 --> 02:10:05,800
landfill of some sort or some place
41405
02:10:07,360 --> 02:10:08,360
where it can be
41406
02:10:09,040 --> 02:10:10,040
disposed of properly and in the best
41407
02:10:12,160 --> 02:10:13,160
in the best way of being disposed for
41408
02:10:13,760 --> 02:10:14,760
the um environment as well
41409
02:10:16,080 --> 02:10:17,080
so now we've just talked about hard
41410
02:10:17,832 --> 02:10:18,832
drive disposal
41411
02:10:19,600 --> 02:10:20,600
and recycling
41412
02:10:20,960 --> 02:10:21,960
including clearing or wiping a drive
41413
02:10:24,080 --> 02:10:25,080
purging a drive
41414
02:10:26,000 --> 02:10:27,000
and finally destroying it perhaps by
41415
02:10:28,640 --> 02:10:29,640
pulverizing it
41416
02:10:30,080 --> 02:10:31,080
so now let's go over everything we've
41417
02:10:31,600 --> 02:10:32,600
talked about in regards to unauthorized
41418
02:10:33,512 --> 02:10:34,512
access
41419
02:10:35,360 --> 02:10:36,360
so first we talked about the different
41420
02:10:37,192 --> 02:10:38,192
types of authentication
41421
02:10:39,120 --> 02:10:40,120
and you'll recall we talked that there
41422
02:10:40,800 --> 02:10:41,800
are four uh three to four different
41423
02:10:42,552 --> 02:10:43,552
types something you are
41424
02:10:45,440 --> 02:10:46,440
which again falls under that
41425
02:10:47,440 --> 02:10:48,440
biometrics
41426
02:10:49,832 --> 02:10:50,832
something you have
41427
02:10:53,760 --> 02:10:54,760
which would be the lock and key
41428
02:10:57,600 --> 02:10:58,600
card key smart card
41429
02:11:00,232 --> 02:11:01,232
token
41430
02:11:01,512 --> 02:11:02,512
and then
41431
02:11:02,720 --> 02:11:03,720
something you know which would be for
41432
02:11:05,832 --> 02:11:06,832
instance the cipher lock or any sort of
41433
02:11:07,832 --> 02:11:08,832
password or pin
41434
02:11:10,720 --> 02:11:11,720
we talked about the lock and key a
41435
02:11:12,160 --> 02:11:13,160
physical form
41436
02:11:13,512 --> 02:11:14,512
like using an actual key and a door the
41437
02:11:16,000 --> 02:11:17,000
cipher lock
41438
02:11:17,680 --> 02:11:18,680
using a pin or code that you know to get
41439
02:11:20,080 --> 02:11:21,080
in a card key which you swipe the card
41440
02:11:22,640 --> 02:11:23,640
to get in such as like a hotel room
41441
02:11:25,192 --> 02:11:26,192
smart cards which have a nano processor
41442
02:11:27,912 --> 02:11:28,912
built in this is where cac cards fall
41443
02:11:30,720 --> 02:11:31,720
under
41444
02:11:31,512 --> 02:11:32,512
a token which is a
41445
02:11:34,160 --> 02:11:35,160
usually a small device that you carry
41446
02:11:36,320 --> 02:11:37,320
that has a changing number on it that
41447
02:11:38,720 --> 02:11:39,720
number giving you access and then
41448
02:11:40,640 --> 02:11:41,640
biometrics any form of retinal scan
41449
02:11:44,320 --> 02:11:45,320
fingerprint anything that is measuring
41450
02:11:46,640 --> 02:11:47,640
something you are also voice recognition
41451
02:11:49,120 --> 02:11:50,120
and facial structure then we talked
41452
02:11:50,960 --> 02:11:51,960
about physical security some of the
41453
02:11:52,552 --> 02:11:53,552
things including a clean desk policy
41454
02:11:55,040 --> 02:11:56,040
that's that are important and never
41455
02:11:56,872 --> 02:11:57,872
writing down your password
41456
02:11:58,640 --> 02:11:59,640
a man trap which ensures that there
41457
02:12:01,192 --> 02:12:02,192
won't be it protects basically against
41458
02:12:07,760 --> 02:12:08,760
tailgating
41459
02:12:09,912 --> 02:12:10,912
we looked at social engineering which is
41460
02:12:11,760 --> 02:12:12,760
any way of manipulating an individual
41461
02:12:14,080 --> 02:12:15,080
into giving you information
41462
02:12:19,600 --> 02:12:20,600
the best way to combat social
41463
02:12:21,600 --> 02:12:22,600
engineering education
41464
02:12:25,680 --> 02:12:26,680
okay we looked at spam which is
41465
02:12:27,360 --> 02:12:28,360
basically that
41466
02:12:30,552 --> 02:12:31,552
bulk email
41467
02:12:33,192 --> 02:12:34,192
phishing which is trying to get
41468
02:12:35,360 --> 02:12:36,360
information from a user not unlike
41469
02:12:37,912 --> 02:12:38,912
social engineering we just talked about
41470
02:12:39,760 --> 02:12:40,760
it's a very specific type of social
41471
02:12:41,440 --> 02:12:42,440
engineering where i'm trying to get
41472
02:12:43,680 --> 02:12:44,680
information by pretending to be someone
41473
02:12:45,600 --> 02:12:46,600
else or
41474
02:12:48,720 --> 02:12:49,720
by pretending to be a bank for instance
41475
02:12:51,192 --> 02:12:52,192
shoulder surfing which is direct
41476
02:12:52,872 --> 02:12:53,872
observation
41477
02:12:56,872 --> 02:12:57,872
and then piggybacking or tail baiting
41478
02:12:58,872 --> 02:12:59,872
tailgating rather piggybacking remember
41479
02:13:00,872 --> 02:13:01,872
is with consent tailgating is without
41480
02:13:03,680 --> 02:13:04,680
consent and then we looked at hard drive
41481
02:13:05,760 --> 02:13:06,760
disposal clearing where we
41482
02:13:08,552 --> 02:13:09,552
put a clear data over
41483
02:13:13,120 --> 02:13:14,120
the data is already there this is useful
41484
02:13:14,872 --> 02:13:15,872
for recycling purging which is where i
41485
02:13:17,360 --> 02:13:18,360
actually wipe the data off i format it
41486
02:13:20,400 --> 02:13:21,400
over and over again generally seven
41487
02:13:22,232 --> 02:13:23,232
times
41488
02:13:24,872 --> 02:13:25,872
and then destruction
41489
02:13:26,552 --> 02:13:27,552
which is going to be like pulverizing uh
41490
02:13:28,720 --> 02:13:29,720
the hard drive so no one can use it ever
41491
02:13:31,120 --> 02:13:32,120
again
41492
02:13:32,720 --> 02:13:33,720
great let's continue talking about
41493
02:13:34,400 --> 02:13:35,400
security now that we've talked about um
41494
02:13:37,600 --> 02:13:38,600
authentication in this sort of physical
41495
02:13:39,832 --> 02:13:40,832
sense and also
41496
02:13:41,912 --> 02:13:42,912
now that we've talked about social
41497
02:13:43,680 --> 02:13:44,680
engineering and a lot of the ways things
41498
02:13:45,360 --> 02:13:46,360
are going to get access
41499
02:13:46,800 --> 02:13:47,800
to our systems
41500
02:13:51,650 --> 02:13:52,650
[Music]
41501
02:14:07,760 --> 02:14:08,760
welcome to module 20 lesson two a
41502
02:14:10,080 --> 02:14:11,080
digital security
41503
02:14:12,400 --> 02:14:13,400
gonna look uh very again very briefly
41504
02:14:14,800 --> 02:14:15,800
there's a whole bunch more um
41505
02:14:17,360 --> 02:14:18,360
lectures on this in the security plus if
41506
02:14:19,360 --> 02:14:20,360
you want to specialize
41507
02:14:21,120 --> 02:14:22,120
as a security engineer
41508
02:14:23,360 --> 02:14:24,360
vpn vpn concentrator data loss
41509
02:14:26,552 --> 02:14:27,552
preventions a new syllabus
41510
02:14:28,552 --> 02:14:29,552
topic
41511
02:14:29,512 --> 02:14:30,512
disable import acls is a real big one
41512
02:14:32,400 --> 02:14:33,400
for
41513
02:14:33,360 --> 02:14:34,360
networking
41514
02:14:34,400 --> 02:14:35,400
in this in respect of um
41515
02:14:37,280 --> 02:14:38,280
cisco ccna and juniper
41516
02:14:40,320 --> 02:14:41,320
and other um network devices
41517
02:14:43,360 --> 02:14:44,360
emr fin filtering trusted and
41518
02:14:45,512 --> 02:14:46,512
interesting software software sources
41519
02:14:49,192 --> 02:14:50,192
so uh vpn it's a virtual network built
41520
02:14:51,912 --> 02:14:52,912
on top of an existing public network so
41521
02:14:54,400 --> 02:14:55,400
it's an alternative when you don't or
41522
02:14:56,400 --> 02:14:57,400
can't afford or don't want for whatever
41523
02:14:58,232 --> 02:14:59,232
reason at least
41524
02:14:59,680 --> 02:15:00,680
line that solely belongs to you but you
41525
02:15:02,480 --> 02:15:03,480
want to use a public internet of some
41526
02:15:04,552 --> 02:15:05,552
sort but still have a secure connection
41527
02:15:07,832 --> 02:15:08,832
so normally you'd have vpn client
41528
02:15:09,440 --> 02:15:10,440
software which is often free on your
41529
02:15:11,912 --> 02:15:12,912
clients
41530
02:15:13,192 --> 02:15:14,192
that would go through where your
41531
02:15:14,552 --> 02:15:15,552
internet connection creates in a vpn
41532
02:15:16,720 --> 02:15:17,720
tunnel if you're connecting to a
41533
02:15:18,480 --> 02:15:19,480
corporate network it would terminate on
41534
02:15:20,480 --> 02:15:21,480
a vpn server or vpn concentrator
41535
02:15:24,960 --> 02:15:25,960
which terminates a lot of different
41536
02:15:27,120 --> 02:15:28,120
vpn connections so you can see the
41537
02:15:29,040 --> 02:15:30,040
diagram there from technet from
41538
02:15:31,440 --> 02:15:32,440
microsoft
41539
02:15:34,480 --> 02:15:35,480
the concentrator provides a remote user
41540
02:15:36,480 --> 02:15:37,480
with secure access
41541
02:15:38,400 --> 02:15:39,400
basically the vpn tunnel or connection
41542
02:15:40,640 --> 02:15:41,640
terminates at the vpn concentrator how
41543
02:15:43,360 --> 02:15:44,360
many connections you can have
41544
02:15:45,040 --> 02:15:46,040
terminating at the concentrator
41545
02:15:47,360 --> 02:15:48,360
depends on the hardware on software
41546
02:15:49,512 --> 02:15:50,512
running on the the vpn concentrator
41547
02:15:52,800 --> 02:15:53,800
feel free to look at
41548
02:15:55,040 --> 02:15:56,040
the different devices available from
41549
02:15:57,600 --> 02:15:58,600
different manufacturers such as cisco
41550
02:15:59,600 --> 02:16:00,600
and cisco's competitors
41551
02:16:02,320 --> 02:16:03,320
the vpn concentrate is a device that
41552
02:16:04,160 --> 02:16:05,160
handles multiple vpn tunnels coming into
41553
02:16:06,720 --> 02:16:07,720
the organization's network
41554
02:16:12,080 --> 02:16:13,080
vpn concentrators provide vpn encryption
41555
02:16:14,800 --> 02:16:15,800
using either ipsec or ssl secure sockets
41556
02:16:18,720 --> 02:16:19,720
layer
41557
02:16:21,040 --> 02:16:22,040
ipsec provides a high level of security
41558
02:16:23,680 --> 02:16:24,680
and encryption
41559
02:16:25,192 --> 02:16:26,192
it and requires client software to
41560
02:16:27,120 --> 02:16:28,120
establish the vpn turn on
41561
02:16:29,760 --> 02:16:30,760
uh if you're going to have a fixed
41562
02:16:31,192 --> 02:16:32,192
location ipsec is better
41563
02:16:33,440 --> 02:16:34,440
if your
41564
02:16:34,872 --> 02:16:35,872
remote users are roaming
41565
02:16:37,120 --> 02:16:38,120
say they're a traveling salesperson or
41566
02:16:39,360 --> 02:16:40,360
connecting from
41567
02:16:40,640 --> 02:16:41,640
internet cafes or such like ssl is
41568
02:16:43,280 --> 02:16:44,280
better
41569
02:16:45,600 --> 02:16:46,600
nowadays your vpn concentrator isn't
41570
02:16:48,232 --> 02:16:49,232
actually a separate device used to be
41571
02:16:50,720 --> 02:16:51,720
so instead of manufacturing these
41572
02:16:52,640 --> 02:16:53,640
concentrators are combined with um
41573
02:16:56,000 --> 02:16:57,000
other security devices that also provide
41574
02:16:58,480 --> 02:16:59,480
firewall protection so basically this is
41575
02:17:00,960 --> 02:17:01,960
a
41576
02:17:01,760 --> 02:17:02,760
security device that performs multiple
41577
02:17:04,232 --> 02:17:05,232
functions
41578
02:17:07,680 --> 02:17:08,680
data loss protection dlp
41579
02:17:10,080 --> 02:17:11,080
system designed to detect and prevent
41580
02:17:12,160 --> 02:17:13,160
the unintentional disclosure of
41581
02:17:14,232 --> 02:17:15,232
sensitive data such as credit card or
41582
02:17:17,040 --> 02:17:18,040
your social security number
41583
02:17:19,040 --> 02:17:20,040
it does real-time scanning to identify
41584
02:17:20,960 --> 02:17:21,960
where the sensitive data is stored
41585
02:17:23,040 --> 02:17:24,040
monitors how such data has been used
41586
02:17:26,160 --> 02:17:27,160
it understands content and context
41587
02:17:29,120 --> 02:17:30,120
and automatically secures the data by
41588
02:17:31,192 --> 02:17:32,192
enforcing data protection policies
41589
02:17:34,400 --> 02:17:35,400
dlp protects sensitive data when it's in
41590
02:17:36,552 --> 02:17:37,552
use in motion and at rest
41591
02:17:40,080 --> 02:17:41,080
disabling airports unused ports and
41592
02:17:42,640 --> 02:17:43,640
operating systems such as windows should
41593
02:17:45,192 --> 02:17:46,192
be disabled
41594
02:17:48,400 --> 02:17:49,400
so this is a port number on your device
41595
02:17:50,720 --> 02:17:51,720
and i presume you should really have a
41596
02:17:52,232 --> 02:17:53,232
firewall that opens up the common ports
41597
02:17:54,640 --> 02:17:55,640
and then it would ask you as and when a
41598
02:17:56,872 --> 02:17:57,872
port is um trying to open on your device
41599
02:17:59,440 --> 02:18:00,440
whether or not you want to allow it in
41600
02:18:01,440 --> 02:18:02,440
or out
41601
02:18:03,192 --> 02:18:04,192
unused ports are physical ports on your
41602
02:18:06,160 --> 02:18:07,160
devices such as switches that should be
41603
02:18:08,080 --> 02:18:09,080
disabled this would prevent somebody who
41604
02:18:10,872 --> 02:18:11,872
manages to get physical access to your
41605
02:18:12,640 --> 02:18:13,640
switch to plug in their device and start
41606
02:18:15,512 --> 02:18:16,512
using it and possibly injecting traffic
41607
02:18:18,320 --> 02:18:19,320
and into your network
41608
02:18:20,080 --> 02:18:21,080
that's going to come from our security
41609
02:18:24,400 --> 02:18:25,400
acls it's basically a list of
41610
02:18:27,990 --> 02:18:28,990
[Music]
41611
02:18:29,192 --> 02:18:30,192
permit or deny statements you have to
41612
02:18:31,360 --> 02:18:32,360
configure them in certain ways and they
41613
02:18:33,360 --> 02:18:34,360
can be quite tricky actually
41614
02:18:35,680 --> 02:18:36,680
and you'll see a lot of this if you come
41615
02:18:37,280 --> 02:18:38,280
to do your cisco ccna
41616
02:18:39,440 --> 02:18:40,440
so it's a table containing rules that
41617
02:18:41,040 --> 02:18:42,040
are going to either permit or deny
41618
02:18:42,960 --> 02:18:43,960
traffic into or out of your network
41619
02:18:46,000 --> 02:18:47,000
normally on a router
41620
02:18:48,320 --> 02:18:49,320
or firewall interface
41621
02:18:51,512 --> 02:18:52,512
there is also an operating systems
41622
02:18:53,192 --> 02:18:54,192
network devices and rdbms
41623
02:18:59,680 --> 02:19:00,680
acls are replied to interfaces as i've
41624
02:19:01,912 --> 02:19:02,912
said
41625
02:19:02,800 --> 02:19:03,800
the router will check the incoming or
41626
02:19:05,600 --> 02:19:06,600
outgoing traffic against the acl it will
41627
02:19:08,000 --> 02:19:09,000
either be permitted or denied
41628
02:19:10,552 --> 02:19:11,552
at the end of every access list there is
41629
02:19:12,400 --> 02:19:13,400
an implicit denial this means it's
41630
02:19:14,320 --> 02:19:15,320
invisible so if you're doing
41631
02:19:16,080 --> 02:19:17,080
troubleshooting you won't see it but it
41632
02:19:18,160 --> 02:19:19,160
denies anything that hasn't specifically
41633
02:19:20,080 --> 02:19:21,080
been permitted
41634
02:19:22,640 --> 02:19:23,640
email filtering refers to the process of
41635
02:19:25,280 --> 02:19:26,280
emails
41636
02:19:26,720 --> 02:19:27,720
processing emails to protect against
41637
02:19:28,640 --> 02:19:29,640
spam viruses and other email threats if
41638
02:19:31,280 --> 02:19:32,280
you go on a corporate network you'll
41639
02:19:32,800 --> 02:19:33,800
normally see a little footer on the
41640
02:19:34,080 --> 02:19:35,080
bottom of every email that says this um
41641
02:19:37,440 --> 02:19:38,440
email has been filtered and sometimes it
41642
02:19:39,120 --> 02:19:40,120
will tell you if a particular piece of
41643
02:19:41,440 --> 02:19:42,440
content has been removed
41644
02:19:44,232 --> 02:19:45,232
and blocked spam and emails emails
41645
02:19:46,960 --> 02:19:47,960
processed by the email servers
41646
02:19:49,360 --> 02:19:50,360
can be configured not to deliver emails
41647
02:19:51,120 --> 02:19:52,120
matching certain criteria
41648
02:19:54,232 --> 02:19:55,232
the in our software team and the
41649
02:19:55,760 --> 02:19:56,760
well-known reputable software vendors
41650
02:19:57,512 --> 02:19:58,512
are considered trusted software sources
41651
02:19:59,600 --> 02:20:00,600
this is trusted software for your
41652
02:20:01,040 --> 02:20:02,040
network
41653
02:20:02,400 --> 02:20:03,400
microsoft's considered a trusted
41654
02:20:04,080 --> 02:20:05,080
software source
41655
02:20:05,600 --> 02:20:06,600
sources such as ptp and file sharing
41656
02:20:07,912 --> 02:20:08,912
sites and unknown software vendors that
41657
02:20:10,320 --> 02:20:11,320
we don't trust absolutely are considered
41658
02:20:12,640 --> 02:20:13,640
untrusted software sources
41659
02:20:17,832 --> 02:20:18,832
so we've looked at vpns vpn
41660
02:20:19,760 --> 02:20:20,760
concentrators data loss prevention
41661
02:20:22,640 --> 02:20:23,640
disable imports access control lists
41662
02:20:26,800 --> 02:20:27,800
email filtering trusted and trusted
41663
02:20:29,440 --> 02:20:30,440
software sources
41664
02:20:30,960 --> 02:20:31,960
that's all for now thanks for watching
41665
02:20:39,590 --> 02:20:40,590
[Music]
41666
02:21:00,000 --> 02:21:01,000
security
41667
02:21:01,360 --> 02:21:02,360
user security
41668
02:21:03,760 --> 02:21:04,760
we discussed a lot of physical security
41669
02:21:05,760 --> 02:21:06,760
and enterprise security settings but
41670
02:21:08,000 --> 02:21:09,000
when a lot of us think of securing our
41671
02:21:10,000 --> 02:21:11,000
computers we think of user names and
41672
02:21:12,000 --> 02:21:13,000
passwords so that's what we're going to
41673
02:21:13,832 --> 02:21:14,832
discuss specifically in this video
41674
02:21:17,600 --> 02:21:18,600
so we're going to start by talking about
41675
02:21:19,120 --> 02:21:20,120
user security in general including the
41676
02:21:21,600 --> 02:21:22,600
different types of accounts that a user
41677
02:21:24,080 --> 02:21:25,080
can have when you type in your username
41678
02:21:27,120 --> 02:21:28,120
your username is actually associated
41679
02:21:28,872 --> 02:21:29,872
with a type of account that gives you
41680
02:21:30,720 --> 02:21:31,720
certain types of access to your computer
41681
02:21:33,832 --> 02:21:34,832
we'll then talk about these different
41682
02:21:35,440 --> 02:21:36,440
accounts including administrator
41683
02:21:38,872 --> 02:21:39,872
the standard user account
41684
02:21:41,600 --> 02:21:42,600
a power user
41685
02:21:43,832 --> 02:21:44,832
and then the guest account
41686
02:21:45,760 --> 02:21:46,760
the there are can be more types of
41687
02:21:48,400 --> 02:21:49,400
accounts but these are the most general
41688
02:21:49,912 --> 02:21:50,912
types these are the templates that are
41689
02:21:51,280 --> 02:21:52,280
included in many versions of windows and
41690
02:21:53,440 --> 02:21:54,440
these are the types that the a plus exam
41691
02:21:55,040 --> 02:21:56,040
wants you to know about
41692
02:21:56,960 --> 02:21:57,960
we'll then talk about something called
41693
02:21:58,800 --> 02:21:59,800
account lockout which is how if you have
41694
02:22:02,400 --> 02:22:03,400
typed in a password multiple times and
41695
02:22:04,480 --> 02:22:05,480
gotten it wrong you get locked out of
41696
02:22:06,480 --> 02:22:07,480
the system for security reasons we'll
41697
02:22:08,800 --> 02:22:09,800
also talk about passwords and what makes
41698
02:22:11,040 --> 02:22:12,040
a good password and some of the settings
41699
02:22:13,120 --> 02:22:14,120
that an administrator can create our
41700
02:22:16,720 --> 02:22:17,720
surrounding passwords to make sure that
41701
02:22:18,552 --> 02:22:19,552
they are top notch and that they're the
41702
02:22:20,552 --> 02:22:21,552
most secure these include a password
41703
02:22:23,512 --> 02:22:24,512
complexity
41704
02:22:25,360 --> 02:22:26,360
password history meaning not using a
41705
02:22:27,512 --> 02:22:28,512
password you've already used in the past
41706
02:22:30,000 --> 02:22:31,000
the age of a password meaning that after
41707
02:22:32,080 --> 02:22:33,080
a certain length of time the password
41708
02:22:33,912 --> 02:22:34,912
will automatically expire and you'll
41709
02:22:36,000 --> 02:22:37,000
have to create a new one
41710
02:22:38,080 --> 02:22:39,080
and password length or how long it is
41711
02:22:40,800 --> 02:22:41,800
whether that's four characters like a
41712
02:22:43,280 --> 02:22:44,280
pin or that you would use for your bank
41713
02:22:45,600 --> 02:22:46,600
or perhaps 15 characters and the longer
41714
02:22:48,720 --> 02:22:49,720
it is the more difficult it is to
41715
02:22:51,280 --> 02:22:52,280
hack
41716
02:22:52,640 --> 02:22:53,640
we'll then talk about something called
41717
02:22:53,912 --> 02:22:54,912
the user account control which many
41718
02:22:56,160 --> 02:22:57,160
people who use vista and later windows 7
41719
02:22:59,440 --> 02:23:00,440
i know is that annoying box that pops up
41720
02:23:02,640 --> 02:23:03,640
asking you to uh
41721
02:23:04,160 --> 02:23:05,160
to
41722
02:23:04,960 --> 02:23:05,960
click yes anytime you want to do
41723
02:23:07,040 --> 02:23:08,040
anything to the computer but it's
41724
02:23:08,480 --> 02:23:09,480
actually a security measure
41725
02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:12,040
we'll also talk when talking about user
41726
02:23:12,872 --> 02:23:13,872
account control about the principle of
41727
02:23:14,800 --> 02:23:15,800
least privilege which is central to the
41728
02:23:17,832 --> 02:23:18,832
idea behind uac
41729
02:23:20,640 --> 02:23:21,640
we'll talk about where you can control
41730
02:23:22,232 --> 02:23:23,232
the user account control settings so in
41731
02:23:25,040 --> 02:23:26,040
case you're trying to technically
41732
02:23:26,720 --> 02:23:27,720
support a computer
41733
02:23:28,320 --> 02:23:29,320
or troubleshoot a computer you don't
41734
02:23:30,000 --> 02:23:31,000
have to constantly worry about this box
41735
02:23:32,320 --> 02:23:33,320
popping up or perhaps for a certain user
41736
02:23:34,960 --> 02:23:35,960
you want it to be a little more secure
41737
02:23:38,000 --> 02:23:39,000
okay so let's begin talking about user
41738
02:23:40,960 --> 02:23:41,960
security
41739
02:23:42,480 --> 02:23:43,480
um usernames and passwords are the most
41740
02:23:45,192 --> 02:23:46,192
common types of authentication for
41741
02:23:47,360 --> 02:23:48,360
gaining access to any sort of software
41742
02:23:50,800 --> 02:23:51,800
meaning that when you get to your
41743
02:23:52,000 --> 02:23:53,000
computer generally speaking if it's a
41744
02:23:53,912 --> 02:23:54,912
computer on a company network you have
41745
02:23:56,320 --> 02:23:57,320
to type in a username and password the
41746
02:23:58,160 --> 02:23:59,160
username is an identity it tells the
41747
02:24:00,320 --> 02:24:01,320
computer who you are the password is
41748
02:24:02,720 --> 02:24:03,720
authentication that tells the computer
41749
02:24:05,760 --> 02:24:06,760
that the person whose username you're
41750
02:24:07,512 --> 02:24:08,512
using
41751
02:24:08,400 --> 02:24:09,400
is actually representative of you uh
41752
02:24:10,480 --> 02:24:11,480
that would be like a picture
41753
02:24:12,480 --> 02:24:13,480
on an id so i give an id to someone at
41754
02:24:15,832 --> 02:24:16,832
the bar let's say and it says i'm over a
41755
02:24:18,960 --> 02:24:19,960
certain age and that's my identity
41756
02:24:21,512 --> 02:24:22,512
however to authenticate that they have a
41757
02:24:23,760 --> 02:24:24,760
picture that they can double check with
41758
02:24:25,280 --> 02:24:26,280
my face
41759
02:24:26,800 --> 02:24:27,800
just as a reminder this is something you
41760
02:24:29,192 --> 02:24:30,192
know one of the most common types of
41761
02:24:31,040 --> 02:24:32,040
authentication something you know a
41762
02:24:32,400 --> 02:24:33,400
password you memorize this is why we
41763
02:24:34,552 --> 02:24:35,552
don't want it to be something you have
41764
02:24:36,000 --> 02:24:37,000
so you should never write it down
41765
02:24:38,552 --> 02:24:39,552
the username is known to everyone that's
41766
02:24:40,960 --> 02:24:41,960
not hidden at all
41767
02:24:42,960 --> 02:24:43,960
for instance the username in my case
41768
02:24:44,640 --> 02:24:45,640
might be jay penzel my first initial and
41769
02:24:46,960 --> 02:24:47,960
my last name
41770
02:24:48,480 --> 02:24:49,480
or it could be you know computer user 22
41771
02:24:52,080 --> 02:24:53,080
or a plus instructor whatever that
41772
02:24:54,232 --> 02:24:55,232
username is it is shared with anyone and
41773
02:24:57,120 --> 02:24:58,120
everyone
41774
02:24:58,080 --> 02:24:59,080
there are also several different types
41775
02:25:00,232 --> 02:25:01,232
of user accounts like we're going to
41776
02:25:01,832 --> 02:25:02,832
talk about which these fall under you
41777
02:25:03,760 --> 02:25:04,760
can see over here
41778
02:25:06,160 --> 02:25:07,160
it has my username followed by
41779
02:25:09,832 --> 02:25:10,832
uh the type of account i have
41780
02:25:12,640 --> 02:25:13,640
we also have another one here guest
41781
02:25:14,872 --> 02:25:15,872
telling us that the guest account is
41782
02:25:16,320 --> 02:25:17,320
disabled which we'll take a look at in
41783
02:25:17,832 --> 02:25:18,832
just a bit
41784
02:25:20,160 --> 02:25:21,160
now the administrator account is the
41785
02:25:21,832 --> 02:25:22,832
first one and by the way
41786
02:25:23,912 --> 02:25:24,912
i want to show you where we access all
41787
02:25:26,400 --> 02:25:27,400
of this user all this user settings
41788
02:25:28,320 --> 02:25:29,320
because i just showed you two different
41789
02:25:29,440 --> 02:25:30,440
windows if we looked between this one
41790
02:25:31,192 --> 02:25:32,192
and the previous slide so if we go over
41791
02:25:33,040 --> 02:25:34,040
into windows
41792
02:25:36,000 --> 02:25:37,000
of course the the sort of simple way to
41793
02:25:38,000 --> 02:25:39,000
get in here is to go to the control
41794
02:25:39,440 --> 02:25:40,440
panel and there is a user account
41795
02:25:41,760 --> 02:25:42,760
section
41796
02:25:42,872 --> 02:25:43,872
and here you can make changes to user
41797
02:25:45,120 --> 02:25:46,120
account change the password and so on if
41798
02:25:47,912 --> 02:25:48,912
you want to take a look at other
41799
02:25:48,872 --> 02:25:49,872
accounts you click manage another
41800
02:25:50,720 --> 02:25:51,720
account and up pops all the different
41801
02:25:52,232 --> 02:25:53,232
accounts you can create a new account so
41802
02:25:54,800 --> 02:25:55,800
on and so forth however the sort of more
41803
02:25:57,440 --> 02:25:58,440
advanced way and if you were working on
41804
02:25:59,192 --> 02:26:00,192
a windows 2008 server for instance this
41805
02:26:02,160 --> 02:26:03,160
is where you'd want to go to manage user
41806
02:26:04,552 --> 02:26:05,552
accounts for the entire domain is to
41807
02:26:06,480 --> 02:26:07,480
right click on computer and go to manage
41808
02:26:09,912 --> 02:26:10,912
and on the left choose local users and
41809
02:26:11,760 --> 02:26:12,760
groups
41810
02:26:13,360 --> 02:26:14,360
here you can see actually a few
41811
02:26:14,552 --> 02:26:15,552
different users that you didn't see
41812
02:26:15,832 --> 02:26:16,832
previously including the administrator
41813
02:26:17,680 --> 02:26:18,680
user account
41814
02:26:19,680 --> 02:26:20,680
and then groups show you groups of user
41815
02:26:21,760 --> 02:26:22,760
accounts and we'll talk more about that
41816
02:26:23,360 --> 02:26:24,360
a little bit later
41817
02:26:25,600 --> 02:26:26,600
so computer management is the window
41818
02:26:28,080 --> 02:26:29,080
that i was showing you just previously
41819
02:26:30,400 --> 02:26:31,400
here we are again in the computer
41820
02:26:31,600 --> 02:26:32,600
management console and you can see
41821
02:26:33,832 --> 02:26:34,832
the administrator
41822
02:26:35,760 --> 02:26:36,760
is highlighted currently
41823
02:26:37,600 --> 02:26:38,600
this is a type of user that has full or
41824
02:26:40,232 --> 02:26:41,232
near full control of the operating
41825
02:26:42,160 --> 02:26:43,160
system the administrator account is
41826
02:26:44,400 --> 02:26:45,400
usually the most
41827
02:26:46,640 --> 02:26:47,640
uh powerful on the system
41828
02:26:50,960 --> 02:26:51,960
therefore it also has access to
41829
02:26:53,600 --> 02:26:54,600
everything
41830
02:26:55,040 --> 02:26:56,040
files folders if you are the
41831
02:26:57,440 --> 02:26:58,440
administrator on a network you probably
41832
02:26:59,912 --> 02:27:00,912
have access to everyone's email and
41833
02:27:01,760 --> 02:27:02,760
everyone's
41834
02:27:03,120 --> 02:27:04,120
folders and everyone's files and as a
41835
02:27:05,360 --> 02:27:06,360
result with that responsibility uh or
41836
02:27:08,320 --> 02:27:09,320
with that privilege comes a lot of
41837
02:27:09,760 --> 02:27:10,760
responsibility if something happens to
41838
02:27:12,232 --> 02:27:13,232
the system then you're probably going to
41839
02:27:13,912 --> 02:27:14,912
be the first one to be blamed
41840
02:27:16,160 --> 02:27:17,160
there is a default administer
41841
02:27:18,640 --> 02:27:19,640
administrator account which you should
41842
02:27:20,160 --> 02:27:21,160
disable as you can see over on the right
41843
02:27:22,800 --> 02:27:23,800
and we saw in the window we were when we
41844
02:27:24,640 --> 02:27:25,640
were in windows it says administrator
41845
02:27:26,400 --> 02:27:27,400
and to the right the description says a
41846
02:27:27,760 --> 02:27:28,760
built-in account for administering the
41847
02:27:29,760 --> 02:27:30,760
file computer domain
41848
02:27:31,600 --> 02:27:32,600
now
41849
02:27:32,480 --> 02:27:33,480
this is built in so that every windows
41850
02:27:34,872 --> 02:27:35,872
system automatically has an
41851
02:27:36,552 --> 02:27:37,552
administrator account and the username
41852
02:27:38,960 --> 02:27:39,960
for that account is administrator
41853
02:27:41,512 --> 02:27:42,512
the problem with this is if it's in
41854
02:27:44,000 --> 02:27:45,000
every single windows distribution
41855
02:27:46,320 --> 02:27:47,320
that also means that it is uh
41856
02:27:49,280 --> 02:27:50,280
known to every single hacker or every
41857
02:27:52,000 --> 02:27:53,000
single
41858
02:27:52,872 --> 02:27:53,872
sort of nefarious person who wants to
41859
02:27:54,552 --> 02:27:55,552
get access to your computer and so we
41860
02:27:56,960 --> 02:27:57,960
want to disable this the way we disable
41861
02:27:58,960 --> 02:27:59,960
accounts by the way
41862
02:28:01,040 --> 02:28:02,040
if i go over into windows 7
41863
02:28:03,440 --> 02:28:04,440
is to right click
41864
02:28:05,440 --> 02:28:06,440
and go to properties
41865
02:28:07,360 --> 02:28:08,360
when this pops up
41866
02:28:08,800 --> 02:28:09,800
we can see there's a check box and this
41867
02:28:10,480 --> 02:28:11,480
one is currently disabled says account
41868
02:28:12,480 --> 02:28:13,480
is disabled the reason we disable
41869
02:28:14,552 --> 02:28:15,552
accounts as opposed to
41870
02:28:16,320 --> 02:28:17,320
say deleting an account
41871
02:28:18,720 --> 02:28:19,720
like so
41872
02:28:19,912 --> 02:28:20,912
is
41873
02:28:21,120 --> 02:28:22,120
because what if we want to uh you know
41874
02:28:23,120 --> 02:28:24,120
we we fire someone or someone leaves our
41875
02:28:25,680 --> 02:28:26,680
business and then they come back later
41876
02:28:28,640 --> 02:28:29,640
we want to just be able to re-enable
41877
02:28:30,080 --> 02:28:31,080
their account and all their settings are
41878
02:28:31,512 --> 02:28:32,512
as they were
41879
02:28:32,720 --> 02:28:33,720
so generally speaking we'll disable
41880
02:28:34,160 --> 02:28:35,160
instead of deleting accounts
41881
02:28:38,320 --> 02:28:39,320
day-to-day computer use by the way
41882
02:28:40,552 --> 02:28:41,552
should not be in an admin account unless
41883
02:28:42,720 --> 02:28:43,720
you're the administrator of perhaps a
41884
02:28:44,720 --> 02:28:45,720
large organization and even in that case
41885
02:28:46,720 --> 02:28:47,720
we don't want you to be using your
41886
02:28:48,800 --> 02:28:49,800
computer in an administrator account the
41887
02:28:51,912 --> 02:28:52,912
reason being if i'm in an administrator
41888
02:28:54,320 --> 02:28:55,320
account and a virus accesses my computer
41889
02:28:57,040 --> 02:28:58,040
or perhaps a hacker gets access to my
41890
02:28:58,872 --> 02:28:59,872
computer
41891
02:29:00,232 --> 02:29:01,232
then now they have access to everything
41892
02:29:03,760 --> 02:29:04,760
so sometimes it's better if i'm working
41893
02:29:05,512 --> 02:29:06,512
in a standard account and then go into
41894
02:29:07,680 --> 02:29:08,680
an administrator account whenever i want
41895
02:29:09,832 --> 02:29:10,832
to make a change this is sort of the
41896
02:29:11,832 --> 02:29:12,832
principle behind the user account
41897
02:29:13,280 --> 02:29:14,280
control that we'll talk about a little
41898
02:29:14,720 --> 02:29:15,720
bit later
41899
02:29:17,192 --> 02:29:18,192
the next type and probably the one we
41900
02:29:18,800 --> 02:29:19,800
want to see most used is the standard
41901
02:29:20,552 --> 02:29:21,552
user account
41902
02:29:22,080 --> 02:29:23,080
uh i've show you see over here a new
41903
02:29:23,912 --> 02:29:24,912
window you haven't seen before and this
41904
02:29:25,600 --> 02:29:26,600
is when we're creating a new account
41905
02:29:26,800 --> 02:29:27,800
from that user accounts window
41906
02:29:29,440 --> 02:29:30,440
so here we are in the computer
41907
02:29:30,552 --> 02:29:31,552
management but if we go back into
41908
02:29:32,640 --> 02:29:33,640
control panel
41909
02:29:33,912 --> 02:29:34,912
and we go to user accounts like we were
41910
02:29:35,760 --> 02:29:36,760
before manage another account
41911
02:29:48,400 --> 02:29:49,400
and then we go to create new account
41912
02:29:50,640 --> 02:29:51,640
you'll see we can create a username so
41913
02:29:52,552 --> 02:29:53,552
for perhaps we had a friend named bill
41914
02:29:54,232 --> 02:29:55,232
and we wanted to create a username for
41915
02:29:55,680 --> 02:29:56,680
him uh and then we can choose whether we
41916
02:29:57,912 --> 02:29:58,912
want this to be a standard user or an
41917
02:29:59,832 --> 02:30:00,832
administrator you can actually change
41918
02:30:01,760 --> 02:30:02,760
this after the fact but
41919
02:30:04,080 --> 02:30:05,080
i want to point out that standard user
41920
02:30:06,160 --> 02:30:07,160
is generally where we want to put people
41921
02:30:08,400 --> 02:30:09,400
and the reason for that is that this is
41922
02:30:10,232 --> 02:30:11,232
a normal account for a person on the
41923
02:30:12,000 --> 02:30:13,000
network they can access their own data
41924
02:30:14,960 --> 02:30:15,960
but nobody else's and if you imagine
41925
02:30:17,440 --> 02:30:18,440
that i'm in a big computer organization
41926
02:30:20,000 --> 02:30:21,000
or i'm in a banking you know a big bank
41927
02:30:22,232 --> 02:30:23,232
organization or any sort of enterprise
41928
02:30:24,552 --> 02:30:25,552
i don't want to give people privilege or
41929
02:30:26,960 --> 02:30:27,960
access to components of the network that
41930
02:30:29,832 --> 02:30:30,832
they shouldn't be having access to or
41931
02:30:32,160 --> 02:30:33,160
that stuff they haven't created and so
41932
02:30:34,080 --> 02:30:35,080
in general we want most people to fall
41933
02:30:35,760 --> 02:30:36,760
under this standard user account
41934
02:30:37,760 --> 02:30:38,760
this also means that they cannot perform
41935
02:30:39,680 --> 02:30:40,680
administrator tax tasks without the
41936
02:30:42,552 --> 02:30:43,552
administrator password
41937
02:30:44,720 --> 02:30:45,720
so for instance if they wanted to
41938
02:30:46,160 --> 02:30:47,160
install an application this might not be
41939
02:30:48,552 --> 02:30:49,552
something that the standard user account
41940
02:30:50,320 --> 02:30:51,320
allows for if they want to change some
41941
02:30:52,960 --> 02:30:53,960
settings on their computer probably not
41942
02:30:54,640 --> 02:30:55,640
something the standard user account uh
41943
02:30:56,552 --> 02:30:57,552
we're going to allow we can actually
41944
02:30:58,872 --> 02:30:59,872
change what they're allowed to do in
41945
02:31:00,960 --> 02:31:01,960
their standard user account in something
41946
02:31:02,480 --> 02:31:03,480
called the local or the global policy
41947
02:31:04,960 --> 02:31:05,960
settings and we'll take a look at that a
41948
02:31:06,320 --> 02:31:07,320
little bit later
41949
02:31:07,680 --> 02:31:08,680
but um generally speaking most people in
41950
02:31:09,832 --> 02:31:10,832
the standard user account that's where
41951
02:31:11,192 --> 02:31:12,192
we want to throw most people it's where
41952
02:31:12,960 --> 02:31:13,960
uh
41953
02:31:13,760 --> 02:31:14,760
you know you can use your computer open
41954
02:31:15,120 --> 02:31:16,120
up words save a document access that
41955
02:31:17,040 --> 02:31:18,040
document
41956
02:31:18,232 --> 02:31:19,232
but you won't be able to say create
41957
02:31:20,160 --> 02:31:21,160
other uh accounts for other people in
41958
02:31:22,640 --> 02:31:23,640
the network or access stuff that the
41959
02:31:25,192 --> 02:31:26,192
administrator doesn't want you to access
41960
02:31:27,680 --> 02:31:28,680
this is so just like i said you can't
41961
02:31:29,832 --> 02:31:30,832
perform those administrator tasks like
41962
02:31:31,512 --> 02:31:32,512
installing programs or changing certain
41963
02:31:33,280 --> 02:31:34,280
settings
41964
02:31:34,800 --> 02:31:35,800
now in between these two
41965
02:31:37,192 --> 02:31:38,192
between the administrator and the
41966
02:31:38,400 --> 02:31:39,400
standard user account is something
41967
02:31:39,600 --> 02:31:40,600
called a power user account
41968
02:31:41,680 --> 02:31:42,680
this is someone who has the ability to
41969
02:31:43,192 --> 02:31:44,192
do some administrative tasks like
41970
02:31:45,192 --> 02:31:46,192
installing software but not other things
41971
02:31:47,600 --> 02:31:48,600
like creating a new user account
41972
02:31:50,400 --> 02:31:51,400
you can see over here when we um
41973
02:31:53,040 --> 02:31:54,040
back in computer management now there is
41974
02:31:54,800 --> 02:31:55,800
a power users group that i could add
41975
02:31:57,192 --> 02:31:58,192
individuals to
41976
02:31:58,720 --> 02:31:59,720
if we go over there for a second
41977
02:32:01,040 --> 02:32:02,040
so here are the user accounts i'm
41978
02:32:02,320 --> 02:32:03,320
creating a new account you used to see
41979
02:32:04,000 --> 02:32:05,000
power user actually listed here but that
41980
02:32:05,680 --> 02:32:06,680
was taken away a few years back
41981
02:32:08,080 --> 02:32:09,080
i think in windows vista it was taken
41982
02:32:09,600 --> 02:32:10,600
away however if i go back into the
41983
02:32:12,232 --> 02:32:13,232
computer management console let's say
41984
02:32:14,400 --> 02:32:15,400
that i have a new let's create a new
41985
02:32:16,400 --> 02:32:17,400
user and we'll call it uh we'll call
41986
02:32:18,480 --> 02:32:19,480
them bill
41987
02:32:19,680 --> 02:32:20,680
and we'll give them a password really
41988
02:32:22,000 --> 02:32:23,000
quickly
41989
02:32:26,400 --> 02:32:27,400
and i'm gonna go to create
41990
02:32:28,480 --> 02:32:29,480
and now we have bill on this account and
41991
02:32:30,872 --> 02:32:31,872
if i go to groups
41992
02:32:33,832 --> 02:32:34,832
i can choose what kind of
41993
02:32:35,832 --> 02:32:36,832
account i want bill to have currently by
41994
02:32:37,912 --> 02:32:38,912
default he just has a standard user
41995
02:32:39,512 --> 02:32:40,512
account but let's say i go to power
41996
02:32:41,192 --> 02:32:42,192
users
41997
02:32:42,872 --> 02:32:43,872
and now i can add him as a member
41998
02:32:50,000 --> 02:32:51,000
now bill is a power user on this
41999
02:32:51,912 --> 02:32:52,912
computer
42000
02:32:53,832 --> 02:32:54,832
i would add him to
42001
02:32:55,760 --> 02:32:56,760
for instance administrators the same way
42002
02:33:04,080 --> 02:33:05,080
so it's pretty easy as you can tell to
42003
02:33:06,000 --> 02:33:07,000
go back and forth in this we don't get
42004
02:33:08,160 --> 02:33:09,160
too in-depth into this just because that
42005
02:33:10,000 --> 02:33:11,000
would be more of a windows
42006
02:33:11,360 --> 02:33:12,360
administration sort of certification
42007
02:33:13,040 --> 02:33:14,040
that microsoft would give out but this
42008
02:33:14,720 --> 02:33:15,720
is a little introduction for you
42009
02:33:18,480 --> 02:33:19,480
um
42010
02:33:19,280 --> 02:33:20,280
as i mentioned the the
42011
02:33:21,680 --> 02:33:22,680
uh power user account was removed from
42012
02:33:24,232 --> 02:33:25,232
the the default user types in windows 7.
42013
02:33:26,640 --> 02:33:27,640
i think i might have said windows vista
42014
02:33:28,000 --> 02:33:29,000
earlier and that's just because it sort
42015
02:33:30,160 --> 02:33:31,160
of was falling out of fashion no one
42016
02:33:31,680 --> 02:33:32,680
really knew
42017
02:33:32,640 --> 02:33:33,640
what uh someone in between a standard
42018
02:33:34,720 --> 02:33:35,720
user and an administrator was going to
42019
02:33:36,480 --> 02:33:37,480
do
42020
02:33:37,440 --> 02:33:38,440
but in some cases you will still see
42021
02:33:39,360 --> 02:33:40,360
people
42022
02:33:40,640 --> 02:33:41,640
organizations who use them and you might
42023
02:33:42,400 --> 02:33:43,400
see it pop up on the exam
42024
02:33:45,192 --> 02:33:46,192
as i mentioned it's still available as a
42025
02:33:46,960 --> 02:33:47,960
user group although it's not in the list
42026
02:33:49,912 --> 02:33:50,912
of user types when you create a new user
42027
02:33:52,400 --> 02:33:53,400
from the control panel
42028
02:33:55,440 --> 02:33:56,440
the last type of account i want you to
42029
02:33:57,120 --> 02:33:58,120
be aware of for the a plus exam and as
42030
02:33:59,192 --> 02:34:00,192
we go over to windows 7 real quickly you
42031
02:34:00,872 --> 02:34:01,872
can see that
42032
02:34:02,320 --> 02:34:03,320
there are other groups such as backup
42033
02:34:04,000 --> 02:34:05,000
operators and network can
42034
02:34:07,680 --> 02:34:08,680
network configuration operators and
42035
02:34:09,512 --> 02:34:10,512
remote desktop users and so on and so
42036
02:34:11,512 --> 02:34:12,512
forth
42037
02:34:13,120 --> 02:34:14,120
not covered in the a plus exam however
42038
02:34:15,192 --> 02:34:16,192
but the last type i want you to be aware
42039
02:34:16,552 --> 02:34:17,552
of is something called the guest account
42040
02:34:18,320 --> 02:34:19,320
the guest account is an extremely
42041
02:34:20,080 --> 02:34:21,080
extremely extremely limited account that
42042
02:34:22,080 --> 02:34:23,080
can't really do much of anything except
42043
02:34:23,760 --> 02:34:24,760
use the computer and what's there um for
42044
02:34:26,232 --> 02:34:27,232
instance they can't change any settings
42045
02:34:27,912 --> 02:34:28,912
they can't modify the desktop they can't
42046
02:34:30,800 --> 02:34:31,800
uh install any programs or even change
42047
02:34:33,680 --> 02:34:34,680
the password they've been given like a
42048
02:34:35,360 --> 02:34:36,360
standard user you would imagine can
42049
02:34:37,360 --> 02:34:38,360
change and create their own password and
42050
02:34:39,280 --> 02:34:40,280
the reason we have a guest account is uh
42051
02:34:42,320 --> 02:34:43,320
and we have a default guest account as
42052
02:34:44,160 --> 02:34:45,160
you can see it's built in by this
42053
02:34:45,912 --> 02:34:46,912
description here is so that if someone
42054
02:34:48,232 --> 02:34:49,232
comes into our network and we want to
42055
02:34:49,680 --> 02:34:50,680
give them a quick quick access but we
42056
02:34:51,440 --> 02:34:52,440
don't want to create a username for them
42057
02:34:53,040 --> 02:34:54,040
because they're only going to be there
42058
02:34:53,912 --> 02:34:54,912
for let's say a day then we could use
42059
02:34:55,760 --> 02:34:56,760
the guest account
42060
02:34:57,280 --> 02:34:58,280
however
42061
02:34:58,320 --> 02:34:59,320
this is automatically disabled
42062
02:35:00,960 --> 02:35:01,960
by default and we also want to disable
42063
02:35:03,120 --> 02:35:04,120
this for security purposes as well
42064
02:35:05,600 --> 02:35:06,600
obviously and maybe even change it some
42065
02:35:08,320 --> 02:35:09,320
called something else instead of guest
42066
02:35:10,160 --> 02:35:11,160
press visitor
42067
02:35:11,680 --> 02:35:12,680
just like for administrator we don't
42068
02:35:13,192 --> 02:35:14,192
want to use administrator as a default
42069
02:35:15,040 --> 02:35:16,040
username we might want to use admin or
42070
02:35:17,832 --> 02:35:18,832
uh you know big man or something right
42071
02:35:21,192 --> 02:35:22,192
the reason being again if we have a
42072
02:35:23,440 --> 02:35:24,440
default anything a default guest account
42073
02:35:25,600 --> 02:35:26,600
a default administrator account then
42074
02:35:27,912 --> 02:35:28,912
anyone who wants to get access to our
42075
02:35:30,400 --> 02:35:31,400
system will automatically know oh well i
42076
02:35:32,480 --> 02:35:33,480
know there's an administrator account i
42077
02:35:34,320 --> 02:35:35,320
know there's a guest account and they'll
42078
02:35:35,680 --> 02:35:36,680
be able to get into it pretty easily
42079
02:35:39,280 --> 02:35:40,280
now uh you'll see over here we have
42080
02:35:41,040 --> 02:35:42,040
something called local security policies
42081
02:35:43,040 --> 02:35:44,040
and before we talk about account lockout
42082
02:35:45,040 --> 02:35:46,040
which is some a setting you can have
42083
02:35:46,800 --> 02:35:47,800
with passwords i want to just go over to
42084
02:35:49,760 --> 02:35:50,760
the windows so i can show you this
42085
02:35:54,080 --> 02:35:55,080
we're in computer management here but
42086
02:35:55,512 --> 02:35:56,512
i'm going to close out and actually go
42087
02:35:57,192 --> 02:35:58,192
into
42088
02:35:58,160 --> 02:35:59,160
the local security policy if i had an
42089
02:36:01,360 --> 02:36:02,360
entire network you could actually have
42090
02:36:03,040 --> 02:36:04,040
something and i'm not sure it's
42091
02:36:04,232 --> 02:36:05,232
available in here
42092
02:36:05,680 --> 02:36:06,680
yep called the global security policy
42093
02:36:08,400 --> 02:36:09,400
which would mean this is for all users
42094
02:36:10,232 --> 02:36:11,232
on the entire domain but because we're
42095
02:36:12,320 --> 02:36:13,320
not running a server because we're using
42096
02:36:13,912 --> 02:36:14,912
windows we don't need that
42097
02:36:17,040 --> 02:36:18,040
so in local policies we have several
42098
02:36:19,360 --> 02:36:20,360
different options and the one we're
42099
02:36:20,640 --> 02:36:21,640
looking at right now is uh
42100
02:36:22,720 --> 02:36:23,720
security options
42101
02:36:25,192 --> 02:36:26,192
and
42102
02:36:26,160 --> 02:36:27,160
in account policies we also look at
42103
02:36:28,320 --> 02:36:29,320
password policies okay now under that we
42104
02:36:31,120 --> 02:36:32,120
have account lockout policy and i just
42105
02:36:33,040 --> 02:36:34,040
want to point out too rights assignment
42106
02:36:35,512 --> 02:36:36,512
we can here determine what sort of
42107
02:36:37,680 --> 02:36:38,680
people are going to be allowed to do a
42108
02:36:39,600 --> 02:36:40,600
standard user for instance uh modifying
42109
02:36:42,160 --> 02:36:43,160
an object label i might not want regular
42110
02:36:44,320 --> 02:36:45,320
users to be able to do that um
42111
02:36:47,440 --> 02:36:48,440
other things renaming the administrator
42112
02:36:49,280 --> 02:36:50,280
account the only person who do that is
42113
02:36:50,720 --> 02:36:51,720
the administrator
42114
02:36:52,320 --> 02:36:53,320
etc etc so the this sort of was what i
42115
02:36:55,760 --> 02:36:56,760
was referring to earlier when i was
42116
02:36:57,040 --> 02:36:58,040
saying this is where you could set what
42117
02:36:58,232 --> 02:36:59,232
a standard user could do but let's look
42118
02:37:00,080 --> 02:37:01,080
at account policies here and let's
42119
02:37:01,600 --> 02:37:02,600
choose the account lockout policy
42120
02:37:06,160 --> 02:37:07,160
and so this is where we would set
42121
02:37:07,440 --> 02:37:08,440
everything we're about to talk about
42122
02:37:08,480 --> 02:37:09,480
with account lockout
42123
02:37:10,720 --> 02:37:11,720
if a user attempts to lock onto his log
42124
02:37:13,040 --> 02:37:14,040
onto a system and is unsuccessful after
42125
02:37:15,832 --> 02:37:16,832
a certain number of attempts they'll be
42126
02:37:17,680 --> 02:37:18,680
locked out the reason for this is
42127
02:37:20,000 --> 02:37:21,000
generally speaking
42128
02:37:22,232 --> 02:37:23,232
um we have something called a brute
42129
02:37:25,760 --> 02:37:26,760
force
42130
02:37:26,480 --> 02:37:27,480
attack a brute force attack means i'm
42131
02:37:28,400 --> 02:37:29,400
just going to continually try to get
42132
02:37:30,320 --> 02:37:31,320
access to your system over and over and
42133
02:37:32,080 --> 02:37:33,080
over and over again
42134
02:37:33,600 --> 02:37:34,600
and
42135
02:37:34,640 --> 02:37:35,640
in order to
42136
02:37:36,080 --> 02:37:37,080
prohibit this we can have a lockout so
42137
02:37:38,320 --> 02:37:39,320
after they try 5 or 10 or 15 times
42138
02:37:41,192 --> 02:37:42,192
whatever it is to get access to your
42139
02:37:44,000 --> 02:37:45,000
system
42140
02:37:44,960 --> 02:37:45,960
it'll just lock and disable the account
42141
02:37:46,960 --> 02:37:47,960
until someone comes and unlocks it
42142
02:37:49,912 --> 02:37:50,912
so we can do a couple things in the
42143
02:37:51,600 --> 02:37:52,600
local security policy for instance we
42144
02:37:53,512 --> 02:37:54,512
can set the threshold to a certain
42145
02:37:55,680 --> 02:37:56,680
amount of invalid logons how many times
42146
02:37:58,480 --> 02:37:59,480
can someone log on
42147
02:38:00,000 --> 02:38:01,000
using the wrong password for instance
42148
02:38:01,912 --> 02:38:02,912
before they're locked out
42149
02:38:03,512 --> 02:38:04,512
we can also set how long the user is
42150
02:38:05,512 --> 02:38:06,512
going to be locked out do we want them
42151
02:38:07,280 --> 02:38:08,280
to be locked out for 10 minutes do we
42152
02:38:08,960 --> 02:38:09,960
want them to be locked out for a few
42153
02:38:10,160 --> 02:38:11,160
days
42154
02:38:11,280 --> 02:38:12,280
and we can set how long until the
42155
02:38:13,120 --> 02:38:14,120
lockout counter is reset
42156
02:38:15,192 --> 02:38:16,192
uh
42157
02:38:16,232 --> 02:38:17,232
for instance if they're locked out and
42158
02:38:18,552 --> 02:38:19,552
they're locked out for 30 minutes how
42159
02:38:20,552 --> 02:38:21,552
long until that lockout counter how many
42160
02:38:22,720 --> 02:38:23,720
times they've tried logging on will be
42161
02:38:24,320 --> 02:38:25,320
reset
42162
02:38:25,600 --> 02:38:26,600
and if we go over real quickly
42163
02:38:28,000 --> 02:38:29,000
you can see i have a reset lockout
42164
02:38:29,760 --> 02:38:30,760
counter after a certain amount of time
42165
02:38:31,440 --> 02:38:32,440
it's currently disabled so let's
42166
02:38:33,040 --> 02:38:34,040
actually turn on the account
42167
02:38:35,280 --> 02:38:36,280
account will lock out after let's say 10
42168
02:38:37,680 --> 02:38:38,680
invalid attempts
42169
02:38:40,160 --> 02:38:41,160
okay and then it says that we've created
42170
02:38:42,080 --> 02:38:43,080
a suggested setting where the account
42171
02:38:43,680 --> 02:38:44,680
lockout will take place for 30 minutes
42172
02:38:46,232 --> 02:38:47,232
and the account lockout counter which
42173
02:38:48,400 --> 02:38:49,400
seems similar and really is it's also
42174
02:38:50,232 --> 02:38:51,232
going to be set for 30 minutes by the
42175
02:38:52,000 --> 02:38:53,000
way the difference between account
42176
02:38:53,192 --> 02:38:54,192
lockout duration is that's how long you
42177
02:38:54,720 --> 02:38:55,720
have to wait before trying to log on
42178
02:38:56,160 --> 02:38:57,160
again
42179
02:38:57,120 --> 02:38:58,120
uh the account lockout counter is
42180
02:39:00,720 --> 02:39:01,720
you know basically how long
42181
02:39:02,960 --> 02:39:03,960
until the
42182
02:39:04,800 --> 02:39:05,800
that number of times is reset uh
42183
02:39:07,440 --> 02:39:08,440
obviously if the account lockout
42184
02:39:08,960 --> 02:39:09,960
duration is 30 minutes and the account
42185
02:39:10,800 --> 02:39:11,800
locker lockout counter is 45 minutes
42186
02:39:13,512 --> 02:39:14,512
then you'll your account won't be locked
42187
02:39:15,512 --> 02:39:16,512
out after 30 minutes but you won't be
42188
02:39:16,960 --> 02:39:17,960
able to get into your account for
42189
02:39:18,480 --> 02:39:19,480
another 15 minutes so generally said
42190
02:39:21,360 --> 02:39:22,360
saying we want to set both of these
42191
02:39:23,512 --> 02:39:24,512
at the same time
42192
02:39:27,360 --> 02:39:28,360
now password complexity is something
42193
02:39:29,280 --> 02:39:30,280
else we want to deal with and again if i
42194
02:39:31,512 --> 02:39:32,512
go over to windows 7 now we're not
42195
02:39:33,040 --> 02:39:34,040
looking so much at the account lockout
42196
02:39:34,552 --> 02:39:35,552
policies we're looking at password
42197
02:39:35,832 --> 02:39:36,832
policy
42198
02:39:37,040 --> 02:39:38,040
and here is the password complexity
42199
02:39:39,280 --> 02:39:40,280
requirements
42200
02:39:41,360 --> 02:39:42,360
so password complexity means that the
42201
02:39:43,512 --> 02:39:44,512
password has to have at least eight
42202
02:39:45,680 --> 02:39:46,680
characters
42203
02:39:46,872 --> 02:39:47,872
and at least one upper case letter one
42204
02:39:49,360 --> 02:39:50,360
number and one special character
42205
02:39:52,160 --> 02:39:53,160
i think we talked about this previously
42206
02:39:54,000 --> 02:39:55,000
but this is why a very common default
42207
02:39:56,320 --> 02:39:57,320
password would be something like capital
42208
02:39:58,872 --> 02:39:59,872
p
42209
02:40:00,720 --> 02:40:01,720
at
42210
02:40:01,912 --> 02:40:02,912
ss
42211
02:40:03,440 --> 02:40:04,440
w
42212
02:40:06,080 --> 02:40:07,080
zero rd
42213
02:40:07,512 --> 02:40:08,512
i have one upper case
42214
02:40:09,760 --> 02:40:10,760
i have one number
42215
02:40:12,000 --> 02:40:13,000
and i also have uh one special symbol or
42216
02:40:15,832 --> 02:40:16,832
special character
42217
02:40:17,512 --> 02:40:18,512
this is gonna make it harder for a uh
42218
02:40:20,960 --> 02:40:21,960
bot a computer that's gonna try hacking
42219
02:40:23,280 --> 02:40:24,280
into my computer to figure out what my
42220
02:40:25,120 --> 02:40:26,120
password is because it doesn't just have
42221
02:40:26,872 --> 02:40:27,872
to go through the dictionary and it
42222
02:40:28,552 --> 02:40:29,552
doesn't just have to go through the 26
42223
02:40:30,552 --> 02:40:31,552
letters in the alphabet it has to go
42224
02:40:32,640 --> 02:40:33,640
actually if you think about it
42225
02:40:34,320 --> 02:40:35,320
we have at least one uppercase character
42226
02:40:36,960 --> 02:40:37,960
and there's 26 of those at least one
42227
02:40:40,000 --> 02:40:41,000
lowercase character
42228
02:40:41,680 --> 02:40:42,680
and there's 26 of those
42229
02:40:44,320 --> 02:40:45,320
and then we also imagine that the
42230
02:40:46,160 --> 02:40:47,160
special characters i'm not sure how many
42231
02:40:47,760 --> 02:40:48,760
of those there are but let's say
42232
02:40:49,440 --> 02:40:50,440
there are 15 of those and then we have
42233
02:40:52,640 --> 02:40:53,640
10 numbers
42234
02:40:54,400 --> 02:40:55,400
so
42235
02:40:55,760 --> 02:40:56,760
with all of these if we add that
42236
02:40:57,680 --> 02:40:58,680
together
42237
02:41:00,872 --> 02:41:01,872
we have what 52
42238
02:41:03,440 --> 02:41:04,440
67
42239
02:41:05,832 --> 02:41:06,832
77 total i believe if i did my math
42240
02:41:08,232 --> 02:41:09,232
correctly and so every single time it
42241
02:41:10,640 --> 02:41:11,640
has to guess
42242
02:41:12,480 --> 02:41:13,480
one
42243
02:41:13,680 --> 02:41:14,680
uh digit it has to guess through
42244
02:41:16,320 --> 02:41:17,320
uh basically 77 different options
42245
02:41:20,320 --> 02:41:21,320
and then if you multiply that times 77
42246
02:41:22,720 --> 02:41:23,720
times what 77
42247
02:41:25,440 --> 02:41:26,440
to the let's say you're you have eight
42248
02:41:28,480 --> 02:41:29,480
characters then you can see this is
42249
02:41:30,232 --> 02:41:31,232
going to be a pretty big number the
42250
02:41:32,000 --> 02:41:33,000
longer by the way
42251
02:41:35,120 --> 02:41:36,120
the length is the more difficult it is
42252
02:41:37,120 --> 02:41:38,120
to hack into an account which is the
42253
02:41:38,640 --> 02:41:39,640
reason why they recommend having a very
42254
02:41:40,872 --> 02:41:41,872
long password
42255
02:41:43,680 --> 02:41:44,680
uh you can require complexity by users
42256
02:41:46,872 --> 02:41:47,872
in the local security policy as we've
42257
02:41:48,552 --> 02:41:49,552
said
42258
02:41:49,600 --> 02:41:50,600
sometimes
42259
02:41:51,120 --> 02:41:52,120
it can just be recommended that you
42260
02:41:52,552 --> 02:41:53,552
recommend someone have a complex
42261
02:41:54,080 --> 02:41:55,080
password but you don't have to require
42262
02:41:55,680 --> 02:41:56,680
it
42263
02:41:56,640 --> 02:41:57,640
but you can actually tell windows to
42264
02:41:59,040 --> 02:42:00,040
require by enabling this these
42265
02:42:02,000 --> 02:42:03,000
complexity requirements
42266
02:42:04,640 --> 02:42:05,640
the next one is password history as you
42267
02:42:06,960 --> 02:42:07,960
can see over here if we set decide to
42268
02:42:09,512 --> 02:42:10,512
enforce a password history we can
42269
02:42:11,600 --> 02:42:12,600
remember how many passwords the computer
42270
02:42:13,280 --> 02:42:14,280
remembers so every time you change a
42271
02:42:15,192 --> 02:42:16,192
password which is something else we'll
42272
02:42:16,720 --> 02:42:17,720
see in a second um
42273
02:42:19,120 --> 02:42:20,120
we want to make sure you can't change it
42274
02:42:20,400 --> 02:42:21,400
to one you've already used
42275
02:42:22,000 --> 02:42:23,000
so
42276
02:42:22,800 --> 02:42:23,800
this is
42277
02:42:24,080 --> 02:42:25,080
uh so basically you can't use a previous
42278
02:42:26,080 --> 02:42:27,080
password
42279
02:42:27,280 --> 02:42:28,280
and if i require you to change your
42280
02:42:29,040 --> 02:42:30,040
password let's say every 30 days then
42281
02:42:31,680 --> 02:42:32,680
that means you have i guess six months
42282
02:42:34,232 --> 02:42:35,232
of passwords if we set this to six
42283
02:42:36,640 --> 02:42:37,640
uh that you wouldn't be able to use and
42284
02:42:38,320 --> 02:42:39,320
so you wouldn't be able to reuse a
42285
02:42:39,600 --> 02:42:40,600
password for six months you have to
42286
02:42:41,120 --> 02:42:42,120
reset your password every 30 days you
42287
02:42:43,360 --> 02:42:44,360
can imagine that then someone only has a
42288
02:42:45,912 --> 02:42:46,912
small window of time in order to hack
42289
02:42:47,512 --> 02:42:48,512
into your computer if they somehow get
42290
02:42:49,280 --> 02:42:50,280
your password and uh they won't be able
42291
02:42:51,512 --> 02:42:52,512
to reuse that password for quite a long
42292
02:42:53,280 --> 02:42:54,280
time
42293
02:42:55,512 --> 02:42:56,512
uh so there you go can't use the last
42294
02:42:57,120 --> 02:42:58,120
three passwords we said six can't use
42295
02:42:58,640 --> 02:42:59,640
the last six passwords
42296
02:43:00,480 --> 02:43:01,480
this is the password age
42297
02:43:02,640 --> 02:43:03,640
how long will the password uh
42298
02:43:06,800 --> 02:43:07,800
be allowed to be used for so this
42299
02:43:09,040 --> 02:43:10,040
defines exactly how long the password
42300
02:43:10,872 --> 02:43:11,872
can be used and the minimum must be
42301
02:43:13,440 --> 02:43:14,440
higher than zero obviously so the
42302
02:43:15,600 --> 02:43:16,600
minimum amount of days
42303
02:43:17,360 --> 02:43:18,360
uh
42304
02:43:18,232 --> 02:43:19,232
i can't have zero days right i must have
42305
02:43:20,552 --> 02:43:21,552
at least one day
42306
02:43:22,640 --> 02:43:23,640
and then the maximum would be what 30
42307
02:43:24,872 --> 02:43:25,872
days 60 days 120 days whatever that is
42308
02:43:27,680 --> 02:43:28,680
and if we go over here
42309
02:43:29,760 --> 02:43:30,760
you can see i have a minimum password
42310
02:43:31,360 --> 02:43:32,360
age and a maximum password age my
42311
02:43:33,512 --> 02:43:34,512
minimum password age is cur uh sorry i
42312
02:43:36,872 --> 02:43:37,872
went to maximum the minimum password age
42313
02:43:38,720 --> 02:43:39,720
is currently zero days which means the
42314
02:43:40,640 --> 02:43:41,640
password can be changed as soon as you
42315
02:43:42,800 --> 02:43:43,800
want i can do five different passwords
42316
02:43:44,720 --> 02:43:45,720
in one day generally speaking you want
42317
02:43:46,640 --> 02:43:47,640
to set this so that if someone changes
42318
02:43:48,552 --> 02:43:49,552
their password they can't just
42319
02:43:49,832 --> 02:43:50,832
immediately change it again
42320
02:43:51,760 --> 02:43:52,760
okay
42321
02:43:54,872 --> 02:43:55,872
and then the max maximum password age
42322
02:43:57,120 --> 02:43:58,120
you know you can set this to say 60 days
42323
02:43:59,760 --> 02:44:00,760
so after 60 days the computer will say
42324
02:44:01,512 --> 02:44:02,512
hey it's time to change your password
42325
02:44:06,000 --> 02:44:07,000
they will be prompted to change the
42326
02:44:07,192 --> 02:44:08,192
password when they make the maximum wage
42327
02:44:08,960 --> 02:44:09,960
generally on login
42328
02:44:11,280 --> 02:44:12,280
although sometimes after login as well
42329
02:44:14,480 --> 02:44:15,480
now the password length remember i said
42330
02:44:16,080 --> 02:44:17,080
the longer a password the better it is
42331
02:44:18,400 --> 02:44:19,400
and harder to get hacked the system and
42332
02:44:20,640 --> 02:44:21,640
so this defines the minimum number of
42333
02:44:23,512 --> 02:44:24,512
characters the password has to be in
42334
02:44:25,912 --> 02:44:26,912
this case it's 8 8 is generally a good
42335
02:44:27,832 --> 02:44:28,832
number sometimes i see 15 even
42336
02:44:30,720 --> 02:44:31,720
the only problem is and you have to
42337
02:44:32,720 --> 02:44:33,720
balance this is if i ask people for
42338
02:44:35,040 --> 02:44:36,040
instance to create a 15 character
42339
02:44:36,800 --> 02:44:37,800
password every 15 days and they can't
42340
02:44:40,000 --> 02:44:41,000
reuse a password let's say after 15
42341
02:44:42,720 --> 02:44:43,720
times it has a 15 password history
42342
02:44:45,280 --> 02:44:46,280
they're going to have to remember a lot
42343
02:44:46,872 --> 02:44:47,872
more passwords and if they're having to
42344
02:44:48,232 --> 02:44:49,232
remember a lot more passwords they're
42345
02:44:49,760 --> 02:44:50,760
probably going to start writing those
42346
02:44:50,872 --> 02:44:51,872
passwords down which creates another
42347
02:44:52,872 --> 02:44:53,872
security flaw so everything has to be
42348
02:44:55,120 --> 02:44:56,120
balanced uh because you don't want users
42349
02:44:57,192 --> 02:44:58,192
so frustrated by the password policy
42350
02:44:59,440 --> 02:45:00,440
that they're constantly trying to
42351
02:45:01,832 --> 02:45:02,832
figure out ways to get around it
42352
02:45:05,832 --> 02:45:06,832
all right so now we've looked at the
42353
02:45:07,440 --> 02:45:08,440
different user security and account
42354
02:45:09,512 --> 02:45:10,512
types including the administrator
42355
02:45:11,512 --> 02:45:12,512
account which is the highest end a
42356
02:45:13,832 --> 02:45:14,832
standard user account
42357
02:45:15,832 --> 02:45:16,832
which is most users fall into that the
42358
02:45:18,080 --> 02:45:19,080
power user which is between these two
42359
02:45:21,600 --> 02:45:22,600
and then the guest account which is
42360
02:45:23,280 --> 02:45:24,280
specifically for a temporary user on the
42361
02:45:26,160 --> 02:45:27,160
system we're not going to use it a lot
42362
02:45:28,080 --> 02:45:29,080
and we generally want to
42363
02:45:30,480 --> 02:45:31,480
disable this when we're not using it
42364
02:45:33,040 --> 02:45:34,040
it's actually just good to disable it no
42365
02:45:34,800 --> 02:45:35,800
matter what there's very few reasons you
42366
02:45:36,960 --> 02:45:37,960
should have a guest
42367
02:45:38,720 --> 02:45:39,720
the default guest enabled we then talked
42368
02:45:41,192 --> 02:45:42,192
about account lockout which is after a
42369
02:45:43,120 --> 02:45:44,120
certain number of ten attempts
42370
02:45:45,760 --> 02:45:46,760
you can't get into
42371
02:45:48,080 --> 02:45:49,080
your system anymore and an administrator
42372
02:45:50,080 --> 02:45:51,080
actually used to go and unlock your
42373
02:45:51,912 --> 02:45:52,912
account which would be done from that
42374
02:45:53,192 --> 02:45:54,192
manage console and then we talked about
42375
02:45:55,600 --> 02:45:56,600
some different password settings
42376
02:45:57,280 --> 02:45:58,280
including complexity which remember is
42377
02:45:59,760 --> 02:46:00,760
an upper case uh at least a note lower
42378
02:46:02,232 --> 02:46:03,232
case a number and then a special
42379
02:46:05,680 --> 02:46:06,680
character we talked about password
42380
02:46:07,760 --> 02:46:08,760
history
42381
02:46:08,872 --> 02:46:09,872
the amount of
42382
02:46:10,960 --> 02:46:11,960
how much the computer remembers of past
42383
02:46:13,280 --> 02:46:14,280
passwords
42384
02:46:16,480 --> 02:46:17,480
the minimum and maximum password age
42385
02:46:20,232 --> 02:46:21,232
we don't want someone to be able to
42386
02:46:21,440 --> 02:46:22,440
change their password if we have a
42387
02:46:23,192 --> 02:46:24,192
history let's say of 12 we don't want
42388
02:46:25,680 --> 02:46:26,680
someone to be able to change their
42389
02:46:26,640 --> 02:46:27,640
password 12 times in one day and then
42390
02:46:29,192 --> 02:46:30,192
use an old password right so that's the
42391
02:46:31,280 --> 02:46:32,280
reason for the minimum age a maximum age
42392
02:46:33,912 --> 02:46:34,912
maybe 30 days 60 days maybe 120 days
42393
02:46:37,440 --> 02:46:38,440
finally we talked about length we want
42394
02:46:39,280 --> 02:46:40,280
it to be a minimum of eight which is
42395
02:46:40,800 --> 02:46:41,800
something that complexity will require
42396
02:46:42,800 --> 02:46:43,800
but maybe you want to go as high as 15
42397
02:46:44,552 --> 02:46:45,552
or even higher be warned of course that
42398
02:46:47,680 --> 02:46:48,680
the harder it is to create a password
42399
02:46:50,552 --> 02:46:51,552
and uh the heart then the harder it is
42400
02:46:52,960 --> 02:46:53,960
to remember a password the more likely
42401
02:46:55,360 --> 02:46:56,360
it is that users are going to forget
42402
02:46:56,640 --> 02:46:57,640
their passwords and or write them down
42403
02:47:00,720 --> 02:47:01,720
so let's talk about user account control
42404
02:47:03,680 --> 02:47:04,680
user account control is the security
42405
02:47:05,600 --> 02:47:06,600
component of windows 7 and windows vista
42406
02:47:08,720 --> 02:47:09,720
that keeps every user in a standard mode
42407
02:47:11,512 --> 02:47:12,512
user instead of administrator so what
42408
02:47:13,680 --> 02:47:14,680
happens is every time i want to do
42409
02:47:15,440 --> 02:47:16,440
something on the computer that's when it
42410
02:47:17,680 --> 02:47:18,680
bumps me into administrator mode and
42411
02:47:19,680 --> 02:47:20,680
asks for a password so it asks for
42412
02:47:21,912 --> 02:47:22,912
permission before allowing any changes
42413
02:47:23,912 --> 02:47:24,912
this can be annoying if i'm trying to
42414
02:47:26,232 --> 02:47:27,232
install something or make changes myself
42415
02:47:28,640 --> 02:47:29,640
but what if a virus is trying to make
42416
02:47:30,080 --> 02:47:31,080
changes to my system then this is really
42417
02:47:31,832 --> 02:47:32,832
going to be helpful because before it
42418
02:47:33,512 --> 02:47:34,512
can make a root change to my system it's
42419
02:47:35,512 --> 02:47:36,512
going to say hey are you sure you want
42420
02:47:36,480 --> 02:47:37,480
to do that and i would go wait a minute
42421
02:47:37,832 --> 02:47:38,832
i didn't ask it to do anything
42422
02:47:40,552 --> 02:47:41,552
so this is a meant to prevent
42423
02:47:42,320 --> 02:47:43,320
unauthorized access and to avoid user
42424
02:47:44,800 --> 02:47:45,800
error in the form of accidental changes
42425
02:47:46,720 --> 02:47:47,720
however sometimes it also just becomes
42426
02:47:48,720 --> 02:47:49,720
annoying especially if you know what
42427
02:47:50,800 --> 02:47:51,800
you're doing
42428
02:47:51,832 --> 02:47:52,832
now it's based on the principle of
42429
02:47:54,640 --> 02:47:55,640
least privilege this means a user should
42430
02:47:57,192 --> 02:47:58,192
have access to only what is required
42431
02:47:59,600 --> 02:48:00,600
they should have the least amount of
42432
02:48:00,960 --> 02:48:01,960
privilege they need
42433
02:48:02,720 --> 02:48:03,720
i don't want to give someone
42434
02:48:03,832 --> 02:48:04,832
administrator access if for instance
42435
02:48:06,232 --> 02:48:07,232
they need access to a folder or if they
42436
02:48:08,640 --> 02:48:09,640
want to install something what i want to
42437
02:48:10,800 --> 02:48:11,800
do is give them access only to the
42438
02:48:12,232 --> 02:48:13,232
things that they need on generally a
42439
02:48:13,832 --> 02:48:14,832
daily basis
42440
02:48:15,512 --> 02:48:16,512
that way i can make sure they're not
42441
02:48:16,960 --> 02:48:17,960
going to
42442
02:48:18,080 --> 02:48:19,080
either accidentally or purposefully uh
42443
02:48:20,640 --> 02:48:21,640
make a negative or bad change to the
42444
02:48:23,120 --> 02:48:24,120
system so for instance if a person needs
42445
02:48:26,000 --> 02:48:27,000
to update excel files and browse the
42446
02:48:27,832 --> 02:48:28,832
internet they don't need administrator
42447
02:48:29,832 --> 02:48:30,832
access right so i want to keep them in
42448
02:48:32,232 --> 02:48:33,232
the least amount of privileges possible
42449
02:48:34,960 --> 02:48:35,960
so i give them access to only what they
42450
02:48:36,872 --> 02:48:37,872
specifically need and nothing more
42451
02:48:40,960 --> 02:48:41,960
now uac you can set how this works and
42452
02:48:44,232 --> 02:48:45,232
the way you set this if we go back into
42453
02:48:46,320 --> 02:48:47,320
windows 7
42454
02:48:47,512 --> 02:48:48,512
is
42455
02:48:48,400 --> 02:48:49,400
we go into the control panel
42456
02:48:52,800 --> 02:48:53,800
and we go to user accounts and when we
42457
02:48:55,120 --> 02:48:56,120
see user accounts at the bottom it says
42458
02:48:56,720 --> 02:48:57,720
change user account control settings
42459
02:48:59,760 --> 02:49:00,760
alright and here you can see the default
42460
02:49:01,280 --> 02:49:02,280
is notify me when programs try to make
42461
02:49:03,360 --> 02:49:04,360
changes to the computer and let's
42462
02:49:04,960 --> 02:49:05,960
actually look at a couple of these
42463
02:49:06,080 --> 02:49:07,080
different settings
42464
02:49:08,872 --> 02:49:09,872
as i mentioned it's in the user accounts
42465
02:49:10,640 --> 02:49:11,640
area of control panel and we click the
42466
02:49:13,120 --> 02:49:14,120
change user control settings which i'll
42467
02:49:14,872 --> 02:49:15,872
just point out in case you missed it
42468
02:49:16,400 --> 02:49:17,400
again
42469
02:49:17,440 --> 02:49:18,440
right here
42470
02:49:20,800 --> 02:49:21,800
so there are a couple different settings
42471
02:49:22,160 --> 02:49:23,160
we can set the first
42472
02:49:24,160 --> 02:49:25,160
and you can change these based on the
42473
02:49:25,912 --> 02:49:26,912
slider
42474
02:49:27,280 --> 02:49:28,280
the first is to always
42475
02:49:29,680 --> 02:49:30,680
which would be here always notify you
42476
02:49:32,552 --> 02:49:33,552
so whenever anything happens you always
42477
02:49:34,872 --> 02:49:35,872
want to be notified
42478
02:49:36,720 --> 02:49:37,720
for instance if you make changes to
42479
02:49:38,400 --> 02:49:39,400
windows settings anything
42480
02:49:40,480 --> 02:49:41,480
the next one is notify me only when
42481
02:49:42,400 --> 02:49:43,400
programs try to make changes to my
42482
02:49:44,080 --> 02:49:45,080
computer notice the difference is
42483
02:49:45,760 --> 02:49:46,760
programs so if you go and make a change
42484
02:49:48,080 --> 02:49:49,080
to your own settings in control panel
42485
02:49:49,832 --> 02:49:50,832
for instance it's not going to ask you
42486
02:49:52,080 --> 02:49:53,080
to type in your password and double
42487
02:49:54,080 --> 02:49:55,080
check everything
42488
02:49:55,912 --> 02:49:56,912
the third one is notify me only when
42489
02:49:58,160 --> 02:49:59,160
programs try to make changes to my
42490
02:50:00,832 --> 02:50:01,832
desktop uh
42491
02:50:02,800 --> 02:50:03,800
i'm sorry to my computer now the
42492
02:50:04,640 --> 02:50:05,640
difference here is actually a very
42493
02:50:07,760 --> 02:50:08,760
subtle one uh when the user account
42494
02:50:10,872 --> 02:50:11,872
control comes on
42495
02:50:12,720 --> 02:50:13,720
it dims the background dims the desktop
42496
02:50:15,280 --> 02:50:16,280
it's basically to tell you hey and it
42497
02:50:16,720 --> 02:50:17,720
has a little noise and it tells you hey
42498
02:50:18,552 --> 02:50:19,552
you tried making a change and i don't
42499
02:50:20,000 --> 02:50:21,000
want you to do that are you sure you
42500
02:50:21,680 --> 02:50:22,680
want to do that with this one the only
42501
02:50:23,912 --> 02:50:24,912
difference is it does not dim the
42502
02:50:25,360 --> 02:50:26,360
desktop
42503
02:50:26,640 --> 02:50:27,640
i think it's kind of silly that there is
42504
02:50:28,480 --> 02:50:29,480
a specific area just for that but
42505
02:50:32,320 --> 02:50:33,320
there you have it
42506
02:50:34,160 --> 02:50:35,160
finally uh the last one is to never
42507
02:50:36,320 --> 02:50:37,320
notify you and if you are
42508
02:50:38,552 --> 02:50:39,552
doing a lot of troubleshooting you're
42509
02:50:39,832 --> 02:50:40,832
making changes to the computer you're
42510
02:50:41,680 --> 02:50:42,680
very sure on what you're doing then you
42511
02:50:43,680 --> 02:50:44,680
probably want to set this to never
42512
02:50:45,192 --> 02:50:46,192
notify that way you won't get an
42513
02:50:47,192 --> 02:50:48,192
annoying pop-up every time you're trying
42514
02:50:48,800 --> 02:50:49,800
to make a change
42515
02:50:51,360 --> 02:50:52,360
okay so now we've talked about user
42516
02:50:53,600 --> 02:50:54,600
account control including the principle
42517
02:50:55,912 --> 02:50:56,912
of least privilege and we looked at the
42518
02:50:58,720 --> 02:50:59,720
different settings we have in user
42519
02:51:00,232 --> 02:51:01,232
account control
42520
02:51:01,832 --> 02:51:02,832
and just because we looked at them on
42521
02:51:03,280 --> 02:51:04,280
the slide but not in the computer let's
42522
02:51:04,800 --> 02:51:05,800
just go over to windows 7 real quickly
42523
02:51:07,192 --> 02:51:08,192
and let's just take a look here so right
42524
02:51:09,280 --> 02:51:10,280
over here notify me don't dim the desk
42525
02:51:11,440 --> 02:51:12,440
desktop
42526
02:51:12,400 --> 02:51:13,400
right this is really the only reason
42527
02:51:14,960 --> 02:51:15,960
we're gonna do this as they say is only
42528
02:51:17,040 --> 02:51:18,040
if it takes a long time to dim the
42529
02:51:18,232 --> 02:51:19,232
desktop on your computer you have a slow
42530
02:51:20,000 --> 02:51:21,000
video card you have a slower computer um
42531
02:51:23,280 --> 02:51:24,280
then you would want to say do not dim my
42532
02:51:25,040 --> 02:51:26,040
desktop so in effect we really only have
42533
02:51:27,600 --> 02:51:28,600
three actual different differences
42534
02:51:29,680 --> 02:51:30,680
because these two are the same thing
42535
02:51:32,080 --> 02:51:33,080
just one is graphically different and
42536
02:51:34,232 --> 02:51:35,232
down here don't notify me at all uh i
42537
02:51:37,760 --> 02:51:38,760
would never do this
42538
02:51:40,000 --> 02:51:41,000
unless you are working on a computer and
42539
02:51:41,680 --> 02:51:42,680
when you're done working on the computer
42540
02:51:43,192 --> 02:51:44,192
always go back to the default unless the
42541
02:51:45,512 --> 02:51:46,512
user specifically asks you and and
42542
02:51:47,192 --> 02:51:48,192
they're the client uh and and you don't
42543
02:51:49,440 --> 02:51:50,440
have sort of a global
42544
02:51:51,512 --> 02:51:52,512
policy restricting them all right so
42545
02:51:54,400 --> 02:51:55,400
let's go back over everything we've
42546
02:51:55,832 --> 02:51:56,832
talked about so far
42547
02:51:57,360 --> 02:51:58,360
in this video first we talked about user
42548
02:51:59,760 --> 02:52:00,760
security right this is
42549
02:52:02,160 --> 02:52:03,160
passwords and user accounts or usernames
42550
02:52:07,680 --> 02:52:08,680
we looked at the different account types
42551
02:52:09,832 --> 02:52:10,832
including administrator which is has
42552
02:52:13,120 --> 02:52:14,120
full access to everything
42553
02:52:16,000 --> 02:52:17,000
we don't want to operate in this which
42554
02:52:18,232 --> 02:52:19,232
is the whole reason we have user account
42555
02:52:20,160 --> 02:52:21,160
control
42556
02:52:21,192 --> 02:52:22,192
the standard user account which is the
42557
02:52:22,872 --> 02:52:23,872
default for all users and by the way i
42558
02:52:25,680 --> 02:52:26,680
just want to point out that there is no
42559
02:52:27,600 --> 02:52:28,600
standard user group what there is
42560
02:52:30,800 --> 02:52:31,800
and it's a group that everyone is in
42561
02:52:34,800 --> 02:52:35,800
uh is if we go back to this users over
42562
02:52:37,120 --> 02:52:38,120
here we go to groups
42563
02:52:38,640 --> 02:52:39,640
there is a user's
42564
02:52:40,400 --> 02:52:41,400
account and every single user is in this
42565
02:52:42,800 --> 02:52:43,800
account if you're not in this account
42566
02:52:44,160 --> 02:52:45,160
then you're not a user on the system so
42567
02:52:45,680 --> 02:52:46,680
that's what we mean by standard users
42568
02:52:48,720 --> 02:52:49,720
we looked at a power user
42569
02:52:50,480 --> 02:52:51,480
which is
42570
02:52:52,960 --> 02:52:53,960
between uh an admin
42571
02:52:56,800 --> 02:52:57,800
and a standard user
42572
02:53:00,232 --> 02:53:01,232
we looked at a guest account as well
42573
02:53:02,160 --> 02:53:03,160
which the big thing here is to
42574
02:53:04,720 --> 02:53:05,720
by default
42575
02:53:06,160 --> 02:53:07,160
is to uh disable it
42576
02:53:09,912 --> 02:53:10,912
we also checked out account lockout
42577
02:53:12,232 --> 02:53:13,232
which is after a certain number of
42578
02:53:13,912 --> 02:53:14,912
attempts
42579
02:53:18,400 --> 02:53:19,400
your account
42580
02:53:21,040 --> 02:53:22,040
is
42581
02:53:22,552 --> 02:53:23,552
locked out
42582
02:53:24,000 --> 02:53:25,000
and you can't get back in unless you
42583
02:53:25,680 --> 02:53:26,680
wait a certain time period or an
42584
02:53:27,280 --> 02:53:28,280
administrator lets you in
42585
02:53:29,600 --> 02:53:30,600
we also looked at some different
42586
02:53:30,720 --> 02:53:31,720
password settings that we can set in the
42587
02:53:32,960 --> 02:53:33,960
local policy
42588
02:53:35,600 --> 02:53:36,600
or in a large organization the global
42589
02:53:37,280 --> 02:53:38,280
policy
42590
02:53:38,480 --> 02:53:39,480
talked about complexity which means
42591
02:53:40,480 --> 02:53:41,480
again one uppercase one lowercase a
42592
02:53:42,872 --> 02:53:43,872
number and a special character
42593
02:53:44,872 --> 02:53:45,872
we talked about the history we have uh
42594
02:53:47,512 --> 02:53:48,512
how many does it remember so how many
42595
02:53:49,760 --> 02:53:50,760
passwords are remembered by the system
42596
02:53:54,232 --> 02:53:55,232
the uh default password age which
42597
02:53:58,320 --> 02:53:59,320
there's a maximum and a minimum
42598
02:54:02,080 --> 02:54:03,080
the minimum age we probably want to be
42599
02:54:04,552 --> 02:54:05,552
at least one day so someone can't just
42600
02:54:06,640 --> 02:54:07,640
change their password over and over
42601
02:54:08,080 --> 02:54:09,080
again and the maximum age we might want
42602
02:54:09,912 --> 02:54:10,912
anywhere from 30 to 120 days
42603
02:54:13,280 --> 02:54:14,280
and then the length we generally say 8
42604
02:54:15,760 --> 02:54:16,760
is a good length
42605
02:54:18,000 --> 02:54:19,000
but we might also want it to be as high
42606
02:54:20,160 --> 02:54:21,160
as 15 or even more
42607
02:54:22,480 --> 02:54:23,480
we then talked about user account
42608
02:54:24,160 --> 02:54:25,160
control which
42609
02:54:26,480 --> 02:54:27,480
basically double checks
42610
02:54:30,960 --> 02:54:31,960
before changing any settings
42611
02:54:38,320 --> 02:54:39,320
we talked about the principle of least
42612
02:54:40,160 --> 02:54:41,160
privilege which means you only have
42613
02:54:42,232 --> 02:54:43,232
access
42614
02:54:47,040 --> 02:54:48,040
to
42615
02:54:47,832 --> 02:54:48,832
what you need to have access to
42616
02:54:51,680 --> 02:54:52,680
and finally we looked at the different
42617
02:54:53,192 --> 02:54:54,192
types of user account control settings
42618
02:54:56,232 --> 02:54:57,232
the three biggies were always notify you
42619
02:54:59,512 --> 02:55:00,512
no matter what
42620
02:55:02,480 --> 02:55:03,480
never notify
42621
02:55:04,480 --> 02:55:05,480
and then you know by default uh notify
42622
02:55:08,400 --> 02:55:09,400
only when applications make changes not
42623
02:55:10,640 --> 02:55:11,640
when you make changes and then we have
42624
02:55:12,552 --> 02:55:13,552
that option to dim the desktop or not
42625
02:55:16,552 --> 02:55:17,552
dimming the desktop is the default
42626
02:55:20,232 --> 02:55:21,232
great so now that we've talked about all
42627
02:55:22,232 --> 02:55:23,232
this stuff about user security let's
42628
02:55:24,000 --> 02:55:25,000
just continue on finish up talking about
42629
02:55:26,800 --> 02:55:27,800
security before we move on to
42630
02:55:29,760 --> 02:55:30,760
mobile devices and then technical
42631
02:55:31,440 --> 02:55:32,440
professionalism
42632
02:55:36,550 --> 02:55:37,550
[Music]
42633
02:55:56,640 --> 02:55:57,640
security file security
42634
02:56:00,640 --> 02:56:01,640
having discussed security from a user
42635
02:56:02,960 --> 02:56:03,960
point of view uh usernames passwords etc
42636
02:56:06,232 --> 02:56:07,232
let's talk about security from a file
42637
02:56:08,872 --> 02:56:09,872
point of view meaning the files that are
42638
02:56:10,872 --> 02:56:11,872
saved onto your computer and in some
42639
02:56:12,720 --> 02:56:13,720
cases the directories or folders those
42640
02:56:14,552 --> 02:56:15,552
files are within
42641
02:56:16,320 --> 02:56:17,320
so to begin with we're going to talk
42642
02:56:17,600 --> 02:56:18,600
about file security in general including
42643
02:56:20,960 --> 02:56:21,960
file attributes or specific qualities or
42644
02:56:24,400 --> 02:56:25,400
properties that are attributed to
42645
02:56:26,320 --> 02:56:27,320
specific files
42646
02:56:28,720 --> 02:56:29,720
hidden files and folders
42647
02:56:30,800 --> 02:56:31,800
something that's not so much securing
42648
02:56:32,960 --> 02:56:33,960
the files is simply keeping them out of
42649
02:56:34,720 --> 02:56:35,720
the hands of people who wouldn't know
42650
02:56:36,800 --> 02:56:37,800
what to do with them
42651
02:56:38,000 --> 02:56:39,000
for instance we use the hidden door
42652
02:56:40,400 --> 02:56:41,400
analogy when talking about
42653
02:56:42,960 --> 02:56:43,960
not broadcasting ssids for a wireless
42654
02:56:45,832 --> 02:56:46,832
router
42655
02:56:47,120 --> 02:56:48,120
but let's talk about hidden files and
42656
02:56:49,192 --> 02:56:50,192
folders
42657
02:56:50,400 --> 02:56:51,400
from the perspective of we don't want
42658
02:56:52,800 --> 02:56:53,800
someone who wouldn't know what to do
42659
02:56:54,552 --> 02:56:55,552
with say a hidden security file or
42660
02:56:56,800 --> 02:56:57,800
system file to delete it accidentally so
42661
02:56:59,440 --> 02:57:00,440
we hide it just to make sure
42662
02:57:01,680 --> 02:57:02,680
we're also going to look at something
42663
02:57:02,720 --> 02:57:03,720
called administrative shares these are
42664
02:57:05,440 --> 02:57:06,440
shares of folders or files that are
42665
02:57:07,440 --> 02:57:08,440
specifically used for administrators or
42666
02:57:10,080 --> 02:57:11,080
things that the administrator needs to
42667
02:57:11,440 --> 02:57:12,440
have access to in some ways these are
42668
02:57:13,360 --> 02:57:14,360
actually linked as we will see in a bit
42669
02:57:15,760 --> 02:57:16,760
and i want to talk about permissions how
42670
02:57:17,680 --> 02:57:18,680
we can sort of merge uh user security
42671
02:57:21,192 --> 02:57:22,192
with file security by acknowledging
42672
02:57:23,600 --> 02:57:24,600
which users are allowed to have
42673
02:57:25,360 --> 02:57:26,360
permission to access certain files
42674
02:57:28,400 --> 02:57:29,400
we're also going to talk in this
42675
02:57:29,912 --> 02:57:30,912
category about share permissions which
42676
02:57:32,480 --> 02:57:33,480
is somewhat different from ntfs
42677
02:57:34,640 --> 02:57:35,640
permissions uh
42678
02:57:36,232 --> 02:57:37,232
depending on how we're sort of sharing
42679
02:57:38,080 --> 02:57:39,080
things and ntfs permissions are going to
42680
02:57:39,912 --> 02:57:40,912
have a bit more weight than share
42681
02:57:42,400 --> 02:57:43,400
permissions share permissions being from
42682
02:57:44,552 --> 02:57:45,552
a network standpoint and ntfs
42683
02:57:46,480 --> 02:57:47,480
permissions being from a computer
42684
02:57:48,400 --> 02:57:49,400
standpoint of the file
42685
02:57:51,040 --> 02:57:52,040
we're also going to talk about how
42686
02:57:52,400 --> 02:57:53,400
permission inheritance works for
42687
02:57:54,000 --> 02:57:55,000
instance if i create a file within a
42688
02:57:56,080 --> 02:57:57,080
folder that has certain permissions or
42689
02:57:58,232 --> 02:57:59,232
if i create a new folder as a subfolder
42690
02:58:00,800 --> 02:58:01,800
of a folder that already has permissions
42691
02:58:04,080 --> 02:58:05,080
and then we're going to talk about how
42692
02:58:05,760 --> 02:58:06,760
that works when we're moving and copying
42693
02:58:07,680 --> 02:58:08,680
files
42694
02:58:08,960 --> 02:58:09,960
then i want to talk about encryption
42695
02:58:11,512 --> 02:58:12,512
encryption being if i have a file and
42696
02:58:13,600 --> 02:58:14,600
it's in what we call plain text and
42697
02:58:15,680 --> 02:58:16,680
someone who shouldn't have permission to
42698
02:58:18,320 --> 02:58:19,320
it does get permission to it they're
42699
02:58:20,000 --> 02:58:21,000
going to be able to read it so we
42700
02:58:21,360 --> 02:58:22,360
encrypt files so
42701
02:58:23,040 --> 02:58:24,040
if someone gets access to them even if
42702
02:58:24,720 --> 02:58:25,720
they don't have permission and even if
42703
02:58:26,000 --> 02:58:27,000
they had to work pretty hard to get
42704
02:58:27,760 --> 02:58:28,760
access they're going to have a harder
42705
02:58:29,280 --> 02:58:30,280
time decoding or de-encrypting the file
42706
02:58:32,480 --> 02:58:33,480
much like when we send coded messages
42707
02:58:35,440 --> 02:58:36,440
in battle
42708
02:58:37,600 --> 02:58:38,600
we're going to talk about something
42709
02:58:38,800 --> 02:58:39,800
called the encrypting file system which
42710
02:58:40,800 --> 02:58:41,800
allows us to encrypt specific files and
42711
02:58:43,280 --> 02:58:44,280
then the bitlocker encryption which
42712
02:58:45,280 --> 02:58:46,280
allows us to encrypt not just files but
42713
02:58:47,760 --> 02:58:48,760
an entire folder directory or even drive
42714
02:58:51,760 --> 02:58:52,760
finally i want to just mention briefly
42715
02:58:53,600 --> 02:58:54,600
and it'll come up briefly in something
42716
02:58:55,192 --> 02:58:56,192
called the trusted platform module or
42717
02:58:57,120 --> 02:58:58,120
tpm which is a piece of hardware that's
42718
02:58:59,760 --> 02:59:00,760
now found in a lot of computers uh on
42719
02:59:02,872 --> 02:59:03,872
motherboards and is used specifically to
42720
02:59:05,440 --> 02:59:06,440
allow encryption to occur it's sort of
42721
02:59:07,760 --> 02:59:08,760
like the decoder ring if you will
42722
02:59:11,040 --> 02:59:12,040
of encryption
42723
02:59:12,800 --> 02:59:13,800
all right so let's start with file
42724
02:59:14,552 --> 02:59:15,552
security i will go over into the windows
42725
02:59:17,192 --> 02:59:18,192
platform in order to show you some of
42726
02:59:19,440 --> 02:59:20,440
this in practical terms
42727
02:59:21,440 --> 02:59:22,440
but let's talk first about
42728
02:59:23,440 --> 02:59:24,440
a file security in general
42729
02:59:25,600 --> 02:59:26,600
files can be assigned different
42730
02:59:27,832 --> 02:59:28,832
attributes in windows we can see those
42731
02:59:29,912 --> 02:59:30,912
attributes over here on the right and
42732
02:59:31,360 --> 02:59:32,360
we'll talk about them a little more in
42733
02:59:32,800 --> 02:59:33,800
depth
42734
02:59:33,832 --> 02:59:34,832
these attributes some of them have to do
42735
02:59:35,680 --> 02:59:36,680
with simply how the system is going to
42736
02:59:37,192 --> 02:59:38,192
deal with the file for instance
42737
02:59:38,640 --> 02:59:39,640
archiving which we
42738
02:59:41,120 --> 02:59:42,120
see right here
42739
02:59:42,552 --> 02:59:43,552
which has to do with backing up and
42740
02:59:44,552 --> 02:59:45,552
whether or not a file is indexed or
42741
02:59:47,040 --> 02:59:48,040
whether it's read only or even
42742
02:59:49,760 --> 02:59:50,760
hidden which we'll talk about more in
42743
02:59:51,512 --> 02:59:52,512
depth too but there's also some other
42744
02:59:53,512 --> 02:59:54,512
things we can talk about when it comes
42745
02:59:55,040 --> 02:59:56,040
to attributes and
42746
02:59:56,800 --> 02:59:57,800
these attributes are sort of like labels
42747
02:59:59,360 --> 03:00:00,360
on a file to tell the system what to do
42748
03:00:01,440 --> 03:00:02,440
with it
42749
03:00:02,480 --> 03:00:03,480
to access these attributes for a
42750
03:00:04,400 --> 03:00:05,400
specific file all you have to do is
42751
03:00:05,832 --> 03:00:06,832
right-click any file and select
42752
03:00:07,280 --> 03:00:08,280
properties so
42753
03:00:10,080 --> 03:00:11,080
if we go over here into windows
42754
03:00:12,480 --> 03:00:13,480
and let's just find uh
42755
03:00:15,512 --> 03:00:16,512
a test document here i go to properties
42756
03:00:19,280 --> 03:00:20,280
and at the bottom i have attributes now
42757
03:00:21,512 --> 03:00:22,512
there are only two that are listed read
42758
03:00:23,192 --> 03:00:24,192
only which will make sure that i can
42759
03:00:24,480 --> 03:00:25,480
only read the file i can't edit it and
42760
03:00:26,960 --> 03:00:27,960
hidden which will hide the file i think
42761
03:00:29,192 --> 03:00:30,192
we've even looked at that before
42762
03:00:32,000 --> 03:00:33,000
um and we'll have to unhide it this is
42763
03:00:34,232 --> 03:00:35,232
something that we'll go over again but i
42764
03:00:35,832 --> 03:00:36,832
want to
42765
03:00:36,960 --> 03:00:37,960
show you it because i do think it pops
42766
03:00:38,400 --> 03:00:39,400
up on the test we're going to go to
42767
03:00:39,600 --> 03:00:40,600
organize folder and search options
42768
03:00:42,720 --> 03:00:43,720
go to view and under hidden files and
42769
03:00:44,800 --> 03:00:45,800
folders we can have show hidden house
42770
03:00:46,640 --> 03:00:47,640
and folders okay
42771
03:00:48,480 --> 03:00:49,480
so i'm going to apply that so we can get
42772
03:00:51,120 --> 03:00:52,120
access to this file and then we'll take
42773
03:00:53,192 --> 03:00:54,192
a look at that again but if i want some
42774
03:00:55,280 --> 03:00:56,280
more advanced as i unhide that if i want
42775
03:00:57,760 --> 03:00:58,760
some more advanced attributes you click
42776
03:00:59,280 --> 03:01:00,280
advanced and you get the screen that we
42777
03:01:00,800 --> 03:01:01,800
saw on the slide that we were just
42778
03:01:02,960 --> 03:01:03,960
looking at
42779
03:01:05,360 --> 03:01:06,360
so the other way we can do this is to
42780
03:01:07,760 --> 03:01:08,760
actually use the attrib command
42781
03:01:10,160 --> 03:01:11,160
through the command line and i just want
42782
03:01:11,832 --> 03:01:12,832
to show you that real quickly so if we
42783
03:01:13,440 --> 03:01:14,440
go over into the windows 7 environment
42784
03:01:15,832 --> 03:01:16,832
here
42785
03:01:16,640 --> 03:01:17,640
i've moved a file onto the desktop
42786
03:01:19,680 --> 03:01:20,680
called test and the reason it's a little
42787
03:01:21,832 --> 03:01:22,832
uh faded is because it's actually hidden
42788
03:01:24,080 --> 03:01:25,080
and if i want to use the attrib command
42789
03:01:26,232 --> 03:01:27,232
first i'm going to right click the
42790
03:01:27,832 --> 03:01:28,832
command prompt to run as administrator
42791
03:01:30,080 --> 03:01:31,080
notice that a user access control thing
42792
03:01:32,160 --> 03:01:33,160
pops up are you sure you want to run
42793
03:01:33,360 --> 03:01:34,360
this as administrator and now let's use
42794
03:01:35,760 --> 03:01:36,760
our command line to get to
42795
03:01:38,640 --> 03:01:39,640
the root cd slash will get us to the
42796
03:01:41,360 --> 03:01:42,360
root and then
42797
03:01:42,720 --> 03:01:43,720
cd for change directory right and we
42798
03:01:45,040 --> 03:01:46,040
want to go into users
42799
03:01:46,800 --> 03:01:47,800
okay and then we want to go into my user
42800
03:01:48,872 --> 03:01:49,872
account
42801
03:01:50,000 --> 03:01:51,000
and then if we do a dir we'll notice
42802
03:01:51,680 --> 03:01:52,680
there is a desktop folder
42803
03:01:54,552 --> 03:01:55,552
all right and if we do another dir we
42804
03:01:56,080 --> 03:01:57,080
notice the file is not listed now i know
42805
03:01:58,232 --> 03:01:59,232
the name of that file is test so if i do
42806
03:02:00,720 --> 03:02:01,720
attrib
42807
03:02:02,080 --> 03:02:03,080
which is the attribute command and then
42808
03:02:04,232 --> 03:02:05,232
i list the file name which is test.jpg
42809
03:02:07,600 --> 03:02:08,600
and then i add minus h that's telling
42810
03:02:10,232 --> 03:02:11,232
this i want to remove the hidden
42811
03:02:12,160 --> 03:02:13,160
attribute from the test.jpg file
42812
03:02:16,080 --> 03:02:17,080
i do that and not only will you notice
42813
03:02:17,832 --> 03:02:18,832
on the desktop there now it's not hidden
42814
03:02:20,160 --> 03:02:21,160
but
42815
03:02:21,192 --> 03:02:22,192
if i do a dir there it is if i want to
42816
03:02:23,600 --> 03:02:24,600
reverse this i can do attrib
42817
03:02:26,800 --> 03:02:27,800
test.jpg
42818
03:02:28,720 --> 03:02:29,720
plus
42819
03:02:29,760 --> 03:02:30,760
h
42820
03:02:31,280 --> 03:02:32,280
just like that it's hidden again
42821
03:02:39,120 --> 03:02:40,120
so let's talk a little more about these
42822
03:02:41,192 --> 03:02:42,192
attributes there are a couple different
42823
03:02:42,640 --> 03:02:43,640
ones the first is read only the
42824
03:02:44,480 --> 03:02:45,480
read-only attribute means that you
42825
03:02:46,320 --> 03:02:47,320
cannot make any changes to the file so
42826
03:02:49,280 --> 03:02:50,280
if we go over here and i click this file
42827
03:02:51,912 --> 03:02:52,912
and go to properties i could also do
42828
03:02:53,600 --> 03:02:54,600
this using the atrium command and i
42829
03:02:55,680 --> 03:02:56,680
set it to read only
42830
03:02:57,912 --> 03:02:58,912
all right so let's open up the file and
42831
03:03:00,160 --> 03:03:01,160
let's say i'm gonna i want to open this
42832
03:03:01,912 --> 03:03:02,912
in paint
42833
03:03:03,280 --> 03:03:04,280
and let's just make some sort of change
42834
03:03:05,600 --> 03:03:06,600
to it we'll just draw a line on it
42835
03:03:08,000 --> 03:03:09,000
great so i've done this change and now
42836
03:03:10,000 --> 03:03:11,000
let's uh save it
42837
03:03:12,552 --> 03:03:13,552
and i want to save it as test.jpg it
42838
03:03:14,480 --> 03:03:15,480
tells me to exist i press yes to
42839
03:03:16,000 --> 03:03:17,000
overwrite it and oh
42840
03:03:17,440 --> 03:03:18,440
it says the file is read only i can't do
42841
03:03:19,912 --> 03:03:20,912
that and the reason is a read-only file
42842
03:03:22,160 --> 03:03:23,160
cannot be edited right so this is what
42843
03:03:24,552 --> 03:03:25,552
we might want to do if we want to make
42844
03:03:25,832 --> 03:03:26,832
sure that no one's going to change a
42845
03:03:27,600 --> 03:03:28,600
file now obviously
42846
03:03:29,760 --> 03:03:30,760
we right-click it and we unset read-only
42847
03:03:32,800 --> 03:03:33,800
i'm going gonna go ahead and unset
42848
03:03:33,760 --> 03:03:34,760
hidden here as well and then we can make
42849
03:03:36,232 --> 03:03:37,232
all the changes we want
42850
03:03:39,040 --> 03:03:40,040
the other one uh is hidden and we've
42851
03:03:41,280 --> 03:03:42,280
seen uh what hidden does uh hidden makes
42852
03:03:44,640 --> 03:03:45,640
the file invisible to all users except
42853
03:03:46,800 --> 03:03:47,800
the person who created the file so
42854
03:03:48,552 --> 03:03:49,552
that's the reason why i can see this
42855
03:03:50,400 --> 03:03:51,400
file
42856
03:03:52,400 --> 03:03:53,400
even if it's hidden
42857
03:03:53,760 --> 03:03:54,760
it's because it's my file however if i'm
42858
03:03:56,720 --> 03:03:57,720
looking for it from another user they
42859
03:03:58,000 --> 03:03:59,000
wouldn't be able to see it
42860
03:04:01,600 --> 03:04:02,600
uh admins can unhide files individually
42861
03:04:04,800 --> 03:04:05,800
or for the entire system and uh the way
42862
03:04:08,160 --> 03:04:09,160
we unhide files again we just did this
42863
03:04:12,800 --> 03:04:13,800
right is i go to and i think this will
42864
03:04:15,120 --> 03:04:16,120
pop up again as i go to computer
42865
03:04:17,600 --> 03:04:18,600
organize folder and search options click
42866
03:04:20,960 --> 03:04:21,960
the view tab and here it says hidden
42867
03:04:23,040 --> 03:04:24,040
files and folders and i can click don't
42868
03:04:25,280 --> 03:04:26,280
show hidden files or folders and watch
42869
03:04:26,872 --> 03:04:27,872
what happens to this file on the left
42870
03:04:29,280 --> 03:04:30,280
that we know is hidden apply it and just
42871
03:04:31,600 --> 03:04:32,600
like that it is gone okay and so this is
42872
03:04:35,040 --> 03:04:36,040
one of the reasons we might want to use
42873
03:04:37,192 --> 03:04:38,192
the attribute command is because i know
42874
03:04:39,360 --> 03:04:40,360
the file is there
42875
03:04:41,600 --> 03:04:42,600
so i can
42876
03:04:43,440 --> 03:04:44,440
take out that hidden quality and it
42877
03:04:45,120 --> 03:04:46,120
should appear on the desktop
42878
03:04:49,832 --> 03:04:50,832
there's also compression which we see
42879
03:04:51,760 --> 03:04:52,760
over here in the advanced
42880
03:04:54,080 --> 03:04:55,080
attributes area so we're clicking this
42881
03:04:56,552 --> 03:04:57,552
button we can get into this advanced
42882
03:04:58,400 --> 03:04:59,400
attributes window and compression allows
42883
03:05:00,640 --> 03:05:01,640
you to convert a file into a smaller
42884
03:05:02,720 --> 03:05:03,720
size uh the only problem with this is
42885
03:05:05,192 --> 03:05:06,192
opening it then it has to uncompress so
42886
03:05:07,120 --> 03:05:08,120
we might not want to do this in all
42887
03:05:09,192 --> 03:05:10,192
instances but we might want to do this
42888
03:05:10,400 --> 03:05:11,400
to save disk space we have a very large
42889
03:05:12,232 --> 03:05:13,232
file finally we have encryption which
42890
03:05:14,872 --> 03:05:15,872
we'll talk about a little more later but
42891
03:05:16,640 --> 03:05:17,640
this scrambles the file contents more or
42892
03:05:18,800 --> 03:05:19,800
less so only the person who created the
42893
03:05:21,040 --> 03:05:22,040
file can
42894
03:05:22,320 --> 03:05:23,320
read it or anyone with a
42895
03:05:24,832 --> 03:05:25,832
um uh
42896
03:05:30,000 --> 03:05:31,000
some sort of shared key that lets any
42897
03:05:32,080 --> 03:05:33,080
user unencrypt that would work as well
42898
03:05:35,680 --> 03:05:36,680
so let's talk about these hidden files
42899
03:05:36,872 --> 03:05:37,872
and folders here's that the
42900
03:05:39,120 --> 03:05:40,120
area i showed you a bunch of times i
42901
03:05:40,960 --> 03:05:41,960
want to go over this again
42902
03:05:43,440 --> 03:05:44,440
system files and folders are hidden by
42903
03:05:45,680 --> 03:05:46,680
the operating system to protect the
42904
03:05:48,080 --> 03:05:49,080
system uh from
42905
03:05:50,232 --> 03:05:51,232
basically stupid users if a stupid user
42906
03:05:53,040 --> 03:05:54,040
goes in and says oh here's a file i
42907
03:05:54,400 --> 03:05:55,400
don't need this and deletes it then
42908
03:05:55,600 --> 03:05:56,600
we're going to be in trouble so it's
42909
03:05:57,280 --> 03:05:58,280
important to hide certain files and
42910
03:05:59,360 --> 03:06:00,360
folders that uh
42911
03:06:02,000 --> 03:06:03,000
we don't want regular standard users who
42912
03:06:04,320 --> 03:06:05,320
don't know where this checkbox is having
42913
03:06:06,320 --> 03:06:07,320
access to it so
42914
03:06:08,480 --> 03:06:09,480
showing these files then can be very
42915
03:06:10,480 --> 03:06:11,480
important if i'm a technician and i need
42916
03:06:12,320 --> 03:06:13,320
to see all the hidden files and that's
42917
03:06:14,400 --> 03:06:15,400
why i would want to go into this folder
42918
03:06:16,160 --> 03:06:17,160
options and click hidden files and
42919
03:06:18,080 --> 03:06:19,080
folders don't show hidden files and
42920
03:06:20,000 --> 03:06:21,000
folders
42921
03:06:21,680 --> 03:06:22,680
now let's talk about something called
42922
03:06:22,720 --> 03:06:23,720
administrative shares
42923
03:06:24,640 --> 03:06:25,640
and this is the computer management
42924
03:06:25,912 --> 03:06:26,912
console i'll go in there in just a
42925
03:06:27,120 --> 03:06:28,120
second but folders and files are shared
42926
03:06:29,440 --> 03:06:30,440
out but they're hidden and that's what
42927
03:06:31,600 --> 03:06:32,600
administrative share is that way unless
42928
03:06:33,512 --> 03:06:34,512
i'm an administrator someone in the know
42929
03:06:35,760 --> 03:06:36,760
i wouldn't be able to access
42930
03:06:39,040 --> 03:06:40,040
the share because it doesn't look like
42931
03:06:41,120 --> 03:06:42,120
it's out there
42932
03:06:42,400 --> 03:06:43,400
and the way we do this in the name is we
42933
03:06:44,800 --> 03:06:45,800
just add a money symbol at the end of
42934
03:06:47,120 --> 03:06:48,120
the share name
42935
03:06:48,552 --> 03:06:49,552
and you'll see over here actually
42936
03:06:49,832 --> 03:06:50,832
there's a pretty big share which is the
42937
03:06:52,080 --> 03:06:53,080
c drive uh the c drive right here right
42938
03:06:55,512 --> 03:06:56,512
and if we go look at the share i'll show
42939
03:06:57,192 --> 03:06:58,192
you this in in the windows in just a
42940
03:06:58,480 --> 03:06:59,480
second it has a little money sign after
42941
03:07:00,160 --> 03:07:01,160
it
42942
03:07:01,192 --> 03:07:02,192
so a lot of times this entire c drive is
42943
03:07:04,160 --> 03:07:05,160
shared out on the network
42944
03:07:05,440 --> 03:07:06,440
administratively so that an
42945
03:07:06,960 --> 03:07:07,960
administrator can get access to any file
42946
03:07:09,360 --> 03:07:10,360
on the system
42947
03:07:10,872 --> 03:07:11,872
if i go over into windows real quickly
42948
03:07:14,552 --> 03:07:15,552
and i show you
42949
03:07:16,640 --> 03:07:17,640
we're going to right click on manage
42950
03:07:19,192 --> 03:07:20,192
and if we look at shared folders from
42951
03:07:21,120 --> 03:07:22,120
the management tab you'll see here is c
42952
03:07:24,400 --> 03:07:25,400
colon right the folder path is c this is
42953
03:07:27,280 --> 03:07:28,280
a default share it's actually on every
42954
03:07:29,440 --> 03:07:30,440
windows system by default so you need to
42955
03:07:31,680 --> 03:07:32,680
make sure that you turn this off and
42956
03:07:33,832 --> 03:07:34,832
you'll see that there is a money symbol
42957
03:07:35,280 --> 03:07:36,280
after that share name which means it
42958
03:07:36,552 --> 03:07:37,552
will not pop up same with print
42959
03:07:39,360 --> 03:07:40,360
this will give us access to all the
42960
03:07:40,552 --> 03:07:41,552
printers and the printer drivers and it
42961
03:07:42,232 --> 03:07:43,232
is hidden by default so only an
42962
03:07:43,760 --> 03:07:44,760
administrator who wanted to get access
42963
03:07:45,440 --> 03:07:46,440
to it could do so now of course we can
42964
03:07:47,600 --> 03:07:48,600
still set permissions on this and we'll
42965
03:07:49,120 --> 03:07:50,120
talk about that in a second so unless
42966
03:07:50,960 --> 03:07:51,960
you have a password you wouldn't be able
42967
03:07:52,320 --> 03:07:53,320
to access it
42968
03:07:53,832 --> 03:07:54,832
and so as i mentioned the c
42969
03:07:56,160 --> 03:07:57,160
money symbol
42970
03:07:57,912 --> 03:07:58,912
sign is a common administrative share
42971
03:08:01,040 --> 03:08:02,040
seen in just about any windows computer
42972
03:08:03,600 --> 03:08:04,600
now you still have to know the share
42973
03:08:05,512 --> 03:08:06,512
name just like that empty door or the
42974
03:08:08,160 --> 03:08:09,160
the
42975
03:08:09,440 --> 03:08:10,440
hidden door but you also have to know
42976
03:08:11,192 --> 03:08:12,192
that you have to have permissions you
42977
03:08:12,400 --> 03:08:13,400
have to be allowed to access that in
42978
03:08:13,912 --> 03:08:14,912
order to get in there
42979
03:08:15,512 --> 03:08:16,512
and that's the next thing i want to talk
42980
03:08:16,960 --> 03:08:17,960
about are the share permissions
42981
03:08:19,440 --> 03:08:20,440
you can choose
42982
03:08:21,680 --> 03:08:22,680
who you want to share a file with in a
42983
03:08:24,232 --> 03:08:25,232
network setting these are accessed from
42984
03:08:26,480 --> 03:08:27,480
the sharing tab and by default the
42985
03:08:28,960 --> 03:08:29,960
everyone group has read only access to
42986
03:08:31,832 --> 03:08:32,832
all of your files meaning that they can
42987
03:08:34,400 --> 03:08:35,400
if they know the administrative share
42988
03:08:36,160 --> 03:08:37,160
they could get onto your system and they
42989
03:08:38,320 --> 03:08:39,320
could
42990
03:08:39,280 --> 03:08:40,280
read some of your files
42991
03:08:41,360 --> 03:08:42,360
but that doesn't mean they could do
42992
03:08:42,960 --> 03:08:43,960
anything to them and as you see we have
42993
03:08:45,280 --> 03:08:46,280
an option here to even either allow
42994
03:08:47,832 --> 03:08:48,832
people to do read or read and write and
42995
03:08:50,232 --> 03:08:51,232
notice the group everyone means every
42996
03:08:51,912 --> 03:08:52,912
single user in the entire network so
42997
03:08:55,120 --> 03:08:56,120
to get to this
42998
03:08:57,040 --> 03:08:58,040
if i go over to windows
42999
03:08:59,680 --> 03:09:00,680
i can right click uh let's say on this
43000
03:09:02,640 --> 03:09:03,640
uh this is a file so let's find a folder
43001
03:09:05,040 --> 03:09:06,040
we might want to share out let's say
43002
03:09:08,832 --> 03:09:09,832
um let's go to public
43003
03:09:11,760 --> 03:09:12,760
and maybe this public downloads folder
43004
03:09:13,912 --> 03:09:14,912
let's say we want to share this i could
43005
03:09:15,680 --> 03:09:16,680
right click go to properties and there
43006
03:09:17,912 --> 03:09:18,912
is a sharing tab
43007
03:09:19,440 --> 03:09:20,440
right and if i click
43008
03:09:21,440 --> 03:09:22,440
uh
43009
03:09:22,720 --> 03:09:23,720
the share button you can see here
43010
03:09:24,872 --> 03:09:25,872
everyone because it's a public folder
43011
03:09:26,480 --> 03:09:27,480
currently has read write access so i
43012
03:09:28,080 --> 03:09:29,080
might want to change that to just read
43013
03:09:29,832 --> 03:09:30,832
or i might want to remove them from this
43014
03:09:31,912 --> 03:09:32,912
i can add individual users remember we
43015
03:09:34,080 --> 03:09:35,080
created a bill user a little earlier so
43016
03:09:36,080 --> 03:09:37,080
i could add an individual user of course
43017
03:09:37,912 --> 03:09:38,912
he's in the everyone group so this would
43018
03:09:39,760 --> 03:09:40,760
be a little redundant or i can add
43019
03:09:41,680 --> 03:09:42,680
groups of users let's say
43020
03:09:44,080 --> 03:09:45,080
power users for instance
43021
03:09:49,680 --> 03:09:50,680
uh now these are different from ntfs
43022
03:09:52,080 --> 03:09:53,080
permissions uh remember that sharing
43023
03:09:54,232 --> 03:09:55,232
that's on the sharing tab with ntf bus
43024
03:09:56,800 --> 03:09:57,800
permissions and remember ntfs
43025
03:09:59,120 --> 03:10:00,120
is our
43026
03:10:01,360 --> 03:10:02,360
file system these are accessed from the
43027
03:10:03,360 --> 03:10:04,360
security tab and rather than using
43028
03:10:05,512 --> 03:10:06,512
usernames and passwords from the network
43029
03:10:08,000 --> 03:10:09,000
they use
43030
03:10:09,440 --> 03:10:10,440
security permissions and allow us a lot
43031
03:10:11,760 --> 03:10:12,760
more flexibility on who we want to allow
43032
03:10:15,440 --> 03:10:16,440
and what we want them to do
43033
03:10:17,280 --> 03:10:18,280
there are six default levels of
43034
03:10:19,120 --> 03:10:20,120
permissions whereas in the last one we
43035
03:10:20,720 --> 03:10:21,720
just had read or read and write here we
43036
03:10:22,480 --> 03:10:23,480
have full control
43037
03:10:24,080 --> 03:10:25,080
modify read and execute which would be
43038
03:10:27,280 --> 03:10:28,280
useful if i had applications i want to
43039
03:10:29,120 --> 03:10:30,120
allow people to run right because
43040
03:10:31,192 --> 03:10:32,192
executing is a little different from
43041
03:10:32,320 --> 03:10:33,320
just reading
43042
03:10:33,600 --> 03:10:34,600
list folder contacts the
43043
03:10:36,000 --> 03:10:37,000
equivalent of a dir command of directory
43044
03:10:38,080 --> 03:10:39,080
command and then just plain old read and
43045
03:10:40,480 --> 03:10:41,480
write obviously modify would let them
43046
03:10:42,720 --> 03:10:43,720
modify the file the reason we might not
43047
03:10:44,800 --> 03:10:45,800
want to give them full control is full
43048
03:10:46,232 --> 03:10:47,232
control would let them also adjust the
43049
03:10:48,400 --> 03:10:49,400
share settings and if i go over
43050
03:10:52,080 --> 03:10:53,080
into windows over here okay we're
43051
03:10:54,320 --> 03:10:55,320
currently in
43052
03:10:56,080 --> 03:10:57,080
the sharing tab if we go over to
43053
03:10:57,440 --> 03:10:58,440
security we have a lot more flexibility
43054
03:10:59,912 --> 03:11:00,912
here and then what i could do is edit
43055
03:11:02,000 --> 03:11:03,000
the permissions
43056
03:11:03,440 --> 03:11:04,440
by clicking edit and then checking boxes
43057
03:11:06,080 --> 03:11:07,080
whether i want to deny certain rights or
43058
03:11:08,480 --> 03:11:09,480
allow certain rights
43059
03:11:11,760 --> 03:11:12,760
ntfs permissions take precedence over
43060
03:11:15,040 --> 03:11:16,040
share permissions so remember share
43061
03:11:16,640 --> 03:11:17,640
permissions are sort of at the network
43062
03:11:17,912 --> 03:11:18,912
level ntfs permissions are at a computer
43063
03:11:20,640 --> 03:11:21,640
level although you can include
43064
03:11:23,512 --> 03:11:24,512
network groups and network users in both
43065
03:11:27,832 --> 03:11:28,832
you can also allow or deny access to
43066
03:11:30,872 --> 03:11:31,872
users or groups just like i mentioned
43067
03:11:33,360 --> 03:11:34,360
with the previous section so i could add
43068
03:11:36,000 --> 03:11:37,000
uh i could add bill as a user or i could
43069
03:11:38,872 --> 03:11:39,872
add power users and all of the members
43070
03:11:41,912 --> 03:11:42,912
in that group automatically get
43071
03:11:43,440 --> 03:11:44,440
permissions this is something that we do
43072
03:11:45,040 --> 03:11:46,040
a lot in
43073
03:11:46,160 --> 03:11:47,160
networking actually to make things
43074
03:11:47,600 --> 03:11:48,600
easier instead of having to add one user
43075
03:11:51,600 --> 03:11:52,600
uh
43076
03:11:52,552 --> 03:11:53,552
each time i add let's say i hire a new
43077
03:11:54,480 --> 03:11:55,480
administrator instead of having to add
43078
03:11:56,720 --> 03:11:57,720
that user to every single file i want to
43079
03:11:59,040 --> 03:12:00,040
have him get access to i just add him to
43080
03:12:02,400 --> 03:12:03,400
the administrator group and then any
43081
03:12:04,160 --> 03:12:05,160
time um
43082
03:12:06,160 --> 03:12:07,160
i add the uh uh
43083
03:12:08,400 --> 03:12:09,400
you know
43084
03:12:09,192 --> 03:12:10,192
and then anything that that
43085
03:12:10,480 --> 03:12:11,480
administrator group has access to that
43086
03:12:12,320 --> 03:12:13,320
user has access to so it really
43087
03:12:14,080 --> 03:12:15,080
simplifies things quite a bit
43088
03:12:16,872 --> 03:12:17,872
all right now let's talk about
43089
03:12:18,232 --> 03:12:19,232
permission inheritance and how this
43090
03:12:20,000 --> 03:12:21,000
works
43091
03:12:20,872 --> 03:12:21,872
if you create a folder the default is
43092
03:12:23,680 --> 03:12:24,680
that all of the permissions will come
43093
03:12:26,000 --> 03:12:27,000
from the parent folder so if the parent
43094
03:12:28,552 --> 03:12:29,552
folder allows for
43095
03:12:30,400 --> 03:12:31,400
full control then the subfolder will
43096
03:12:32,400 --> 03:12:33,400
also allow for full control and what you
43097
03:12:34,960 --> 03:12:35,960
can do is actually set this
43098
03:12:37,912 --> 03:12:38,912
when you're setting the advanced
43099
03:12:39,832 --> 03:12:40,832
settings you can say whether or not
43100
03:12:42,640 --> 03:12:43,640
you want to replace child object
43101
03:12:44,480 --> 03:12:45,480
permissions meaning uh here i have the c
43102
03:12:47,360 --> 03:12:48,360
drive which is shared out
43103
03:12:49,680 --> 03:12:50,680
and
43104
03:12:50,552 --> 03:12:51,552
i can say for instance whether i want
43105
03:12:53,280 --> 03:12:54,280
to deny all users and then i could say
43106
03:12:55,760 --> 03:12:56,760
replace all child object permissions
43107
03:12:57,912 --> 03:12:58,912
with the inheritable permissions from
43108
03:12:59,440 --> 03:13:00,440
this object meaning all the subfolders
43109
03:13:01,360 --> 03:13:02,360
would take on the same permission for
43110
03:13:03,760 --> 03:13:04,760
this
43111
03:13:04,872 --> 03:13:05,872
if
43112
03:13:05,600 --> 03:13:06,600
i create a new or change the name of
43113
03:13:08,160 --> 03:13:09,160
folder or i change the permissions of a
43114
03:13:09,912 --> 03:13:10,912
folder you need to make sure to check
43115
03:13:11,600 --> 03:13:12,600
this box otherwise the subfolders will
43116
03:13:13,600 --> 03:13:14,600
not have the same permissions
43117
03:13:16,320 --> 03:13:17,320
any permissions set in the parent will
43118
03:13:18,320 --> 03:13:19,320
automatically be inherited by the
43119
03:13:20,232 --> 03:13:21,232
subfolder if you check that box and to
43120
03:13:22,872 --> 03:13:23,872
get to that box
43121
03:13:24,552 --> 03:13:25,552
if we go over here and we go to advanced
43122
03:13:27,120 --> 03:13:28,120
settings here we see
43123
03:13:29,120 --> 03:13:30,120
include inheritable permissions from
43124
03:13:30,552 --> 03:13:31,552
this object's parent which would mean
43125
03:13:32,800 --> 03:13:33,800
the folder above it and if we went to a
43126
03:13:34,872 --> 03:13:35,872
root folder because this is a sort of a
43127
03:13:37,440 --> 03:13:38,440
base folder it's sort of located deeper
43128
03:13:39,680 --> 03:13:40,680
in the nether regions of the hard drive
43129
03:13:43,600 --> 03:13:44,600
but if i went to say um the c drive and
43130
03:13:47,360 --> 03:13:48,360
i changed the
43131
03:13:49,440 --> 03:13:50,440
uh
43132
03:13:50,800 --> 03:13:51,800
permissions here
43133
03:13:53,912 --> 03:13:54,912
so let's go to not sharing but security
43134
03:13:56,480 --> 03:13:57,480
because we're dealing with ntfs
43135
03:13:57,680 --> 03:13:58,680
permissions and i go to advanced here
43136
03:14:00,160 --> 03:14:01,160
and i choose to change permissions here
43137
03:14:01,680 --> 03:14:02,680
you see it replace all child object
43138
03:14:03,360 --> 03:14:04,360
permissions because these are the
43139
03:14:04,640 --> 03:14:05,640
permissions that are lower down the rung
43140
03:14:06,800 --> 03:14:07,800
underneath the c drive permissions
43141
03:14:11,832 --> 03:14:12,832
so when i move and copy files and
43142
03:14:14,232 --> 03:14:15,232
folders if you copy a folder on the same
43143
03:14:17,760 --> 03:14:18,760
uh
43144
03:14:18,960 --> 03:14:19,960
or to a different volume the folder
43145
03:14:21,600 --> 03:14:22,600
inherits permissions of the parent
43146
03:14:23,512 --> 03:14:24,512
folder it was copied to so i copy a
43147
03:14:25,912 --> 03:14:26,912
folder to a new folder in the same
43148
03:14:28,160 --> 03:14:29,160
volume or on a different volume and it's
43149
03:14:30,080 --> 03:14:31,080
going to inherit the permissions of the
43150
03:14:31,680 --> 03:14:32,680
parent folder
43151
03:14:33,280 --> 03:14:34,280
alternatively if i move a folder so not
43152
03:14:35,832 --> 03:14:36,832
just copying but i move a folder to a
43153
03:14:37,760 --> 03:14:38,760
different location on the same volume
43154
03:14:40,000 --> 03:14:41,000
the folder will retain its original
43155
03:14:42,000 --> 03:14:43,000
permissions okay
43156
03:14:44,800 --> 03:14:45,800
so we've now talked about file security
43157
03:14:47,192 --> 03:14:48,192
including the attributes such as
43158
03:14:48,720 --> 03:14:49,720
read-only hidden compression and
43159
03:14:50,400 --> 03:14:51,400
encryption we looked at hidden files and
43160
03:14:52,640 --> 03:14:53,640
folders and how to turn on and off uh
43161
03:14:54,640 --> 03:14:55,640
universal hiding of folders
43162
03:14:56,640 --> 03:14:57,640
uh administrative shares those are the
43163
03:14:58,640 --> 03:14:59,640
ones with the
43164
03:15:00,960 --> 03:15:01,960
money sign
43165
03:15:02,160 --> 03:15:03,160
after them
43166
03:15:03,440 --> 03:15:04,440
we also looked at uh permissions
43167
03:15:05,600 --> 03:15:06,600
including share permissions and ntfs
43168
03:15:08,160 --> 03:15:09,160
permissions which are higher which take
43169
03:15:11,280 --> 03:15:12,280
sort of um
43170
03:15:12,720 --> 03:15:13,720
credence over the share permissions and
43171
03:15:14,872 --> 03:15:15,872
then we looked at permission inheritance
43172
03:15:16,640 --> 03:15:17,640
and what happens when we move and copy
43173
03:15:18,720 --> 03:15:19,720
copying remember you're going to take
43174
03:15:20,720 --> 03:15:21,720
the permissions of the new parent folder
43175
03:15:23,912 --> 03:15:24,912
moving you are going to retain your old
43176
03:15:27,192 --> 03:15:28,192
permissions
43177
03:15:28,960 --> 03:15:29,960
so now let's talk about
43178
03:15:30,800 --> 03:15:31,800
encryption a little bit
43179
03:15:34,872 --> 03:15:35,872
encryption is the process of converting
43180
03:15:37,120 --> 03:15:38,120
information and making it unreadable by
43181
03:15:40,160 --> 03:15:41,160
other users by use of a cipher or an
43182
03:15:43,600 --> 03:15:44,600
algorithm so it's sort of like using a
43183
03:15:46,232 --> 03:15:47,232
decoder ring right and if you remember a
43184
03:15:48,872 --> 03:15:49,872
decoder ring
43185
03:15:50,320 --> 03:15:51,320
or any sort of decoder right that would
43186
03:15:52,160 --> 03:15:53,160
mean like a is equivalent to the letter
43187
03:15:55,360 --> 03:15:56,360
z and b is the equivalent of the letter
43188
03:15:58,800 --> 03:15:59,800
j and so on and so forth so that someone
43189
03:16:01,120 --> 03:16:02,120
would have a lot harder time decrypting
43190
03:16:03,120 --> 03:16:04,120
what they're reading now we're taking
43191
03:16:04,872 --> 03:16:05,872
this to a much higher level than just
43192
03:16:06,872 --> 03:16:07,872
that but that's sort of a basic way of
43193
03:16:08,872 --> 03:16:09,872
explaining it the encrypting file system
43194
03:16:12,000 --> 03:16:13,000
or efs
43195
03:16:14,640 --> 03:16:15,640
is what allows us to encrypt one or more
43196
03:16:17,912 --> 03:16:18,912
files it's a component of ntfs so when
43197
03:16:21,440 --> 03:16:22,440
we were at the advanced attributes and
43198
03:16:23,192 --> 03:16:24,192
we saw this checkbox encrypt contents to
43199
03:16:25,512 --> 03:16:26,512
secure data that is the equivalent of or
43200
03:16:29,120 --> 03:16:30,120
that is using the encrypting file system
43201
03:16:31,760 --> 03:16:32,760
or efs
43202
03:16:33,680 --> 03:16:34,680
this does not protect files by the way
43203
03:16:35,912 --> 03:16:36,912
when it's moved to another computer so
43204
03:16:37,512 --> 03:16:38,512
they will not be encrypted if you move
43205
03:16:39,192 --> 03:16:40,192
them to another another computer
43206
03:16:41,440 --> 03:16:42,440
it also cannot encrypt the entire hard
43207
03:16:43,760 --> 03:16:44,760
drive to do that we're going to use
43208
03:16:45,680 --> 03:16:46,680
something called bitlocker encryption
43209
03:16:48,480 --> 03:16:49,480
bitlocker encryption can be used to
43210
03:16:50,480 --> 03:16:51,480
encrypt the entire disk
43211
03:16:53,120 --> 03:16:54,120
and it's based on what's called the
43212
03:16:55,600 --> 03:16:56,600
advanced encryption standard or aes
43213
03:16:57,832 --> 03:16:58,832
which is the same thing we used when we
43214
03:16:59,912 --> 03:17:00,912
talked about wpa2 which was a wi-fi
43215
03:17:03,040 --> 03:17:04,040
standard and we'll talk more about that
43216
03:17:04,720 --> 03:17:05,720
in security plus actually
43217
03:17:07,512 --> 03:17:08,512
this uses a 128-bit
43218
03:17:10,160 --> 03:17:11,160
key so you can imagine that's fairly
43219
03:17:12,552 --> 03:17:13,552
large and difficult to crack
43220
03:17:16,000 --> 03:17:17,000
the drive if it's encrypted will suffer
43221
03:17:18,640 --> 03:17:19,640
in performance when compared to a
43222
03:17:20,320 --> 03:17:21,320
non-encrypted drive and that is because
43223
03:17:22,720 --> 03:17:23,720
obviously it takes longer to process all
43224
03:17:25,192 --> 03:17:26,192
the information
43225
03:17:27,440 --> 03:17:28,440
there are a couple different ways
43226
03:17:28,552 --> 03:17:29,552
bitlocker encryption can work one is you
43227
03:17:31,600 --> 03:17:32,600
need
43228
03:17:33,512 --> 03:17:34,512
you basically need one of the following
43229
03:17:35,192 --> 03:17:36,192
things in order to make it work you
43230
03:17:37,040 --> 03:17:38,040
either need a tpm or trusted platform
43231
03:17:39,120 --> 03:17:40,120
module chip which is the chip on a
43232
03:17:41,360 --> 03:17:42,360
motherboard that contains the decoder
43233
03:17:43,832 --> 03:17:44,832
ring
43234
03:17:45,120 --> 03:17:46,120
so that way if i encrypt all the files
43235
03:17:47,280 --> 03:17:48,280
this thing
43236
03:17:48,480 --> 03:17:49,480
will tell me how to decrypt them of
43237
03:17:50,320 --> 03:17:51,320
course if something goes bad with this
43238
03:17:51,760 --> 03:17:52,760
chip i'm in trouble
43239
03:17:55,120 --> 03:17:56,120
we also could use an external usb key
43240
03:17:58,552 --> 03:17:59,552
or we could have an extra hard drive or
43241
03:18:01,600 --> 03:18:02,600
a hard drive with a second volume and
43242
03:18:03,360 --> 03:18:04,360
that volume could contain all the
43243
03:18:04,872 --> 03:18:05,872
encrypting information
43244
03:18:08,000 --> 03:18:09,000
uh so
43245
03:18:09,512 --> 03:18:10,512
one wouldn't contain the operating
43246
03:18:11,120 --> 03:18:12,120
system the other would
43247
03:18:12,480 --> 03:18:13,480
would contain
43248
03:18:14,232 --> 03:18:15,232
information that is unencrypted that
43249
03:18:16,400 --> 03:18:17,400
could help me unencrypt information on
43250
03:18:18,480 --> 03:18:19,480
the operating system the preferred
43251
03:18:20,232 --> 03:18:21,232
method of course is to use the tpm
43252
03:18:23,760 --> 03:18:24,760
okay so now we've finished talking about
43253
03:18:26,000 --> 03:18:27,000
encrypting
43254
03:18:27,680 --> 03:18:28,680
and we talked about the encrypting file
43255
03:18:29,600 --> 03:18:30,600
system which allows you to encrypt one
43256
03:18:31,600 --> 03:18:32,600
file bitlocker encryption for the whole
43257
03:18:34,232 --> 03:18:35,232
drive and then trusted platform module
43258
03:18:36,232 --> 03:18:37,232
which is a decoder basically built onto
43259
03:18:38,640 --> 03:18:39,640
the motherboard that contains the
43260
03:18:40,160 --> 03:18:41,160
encryption information so let's go over
43261
03:18:42,160 --> 03:18:43,160
everything again
43262
03:18:43,360 --> 03:18:44,360
we talked about file security security
43263
03:18:45,192 --> 03:18:46,192
from a file level we looked at
43264
03:18:47,280 --> 03:18:48,280
attributes the four we looked at were
43265
03:18:49,832 --> 03:18:50,832
read only
43266
03:18:51,832 --> 03:18:52,832
hidden
43267
03:18:53,680 --> 03:18:54,680
encryption and i'll draw another one
43268
03:18:55,512 --> 03:18:56,512
here compression there are others but
43269
03:18:57,912 --> 03:18:58,912
these are the biggies by the way if
43270
03:18:59,512 --> 03:19:00,512
we're using that attrib command
43271
03:19:03,192 --> 03:19:04,192
we would use a plus sign to add a hidden
43272
03:19:06,232 --> 03:19:07,232
attribute or a minus sign to remove a
43273
03:19:08,872 --> 03:19:09,872
hidden attribute
43274
03:19:10,720 --> 03:19:11,720
speaking of hidden we talked about
43275
03:19:12,160 --> 03:19:13,160
hidden files or folders and the way to
43276
03:19:14,640 --> 03:19:15,640
turn that off which is to go to that uh
43277
03:19:17,040 --> 03:19:18,040
up go to the file options or go to the
43278
03:19:19,512 --> 03:19:20,512
options within a windows explorer window
43279
03:19:22,232 --> 03:19:23,232
and then um
43280
03:19:28,160 --> 03:19:29,160
which if we go over to windows 7
43281
03:19:31,440 --> 03:19:32,440
we can get to once again by clicking
43282
03:19:33,192 --> 03:19:34,192
organize let's actually close out of
43283
03:19:35,192 --> 03:19:36,192
this first
43284
03:19:38,480 --> 03:19:39,480
all right by clicking organize
43285
03:19:40,800 --> 03:19:41,800
and then going to folder and search
43286
03:19:42,480 --> 03:19:43,480
options clicking the view tab and then
43287
03:19:44,960 --> 03:19:45,960
under hidden files and folders clicking
43288
03:19:47,360 --> 03:19:48,360
show hidden files and folders
43289
03:19:50,400 --> 03:19:51,400
we also talked about the administrative
43290
03:19:52,000 --> 03:19:53,000
shares and remember those are the ones
43291
03:19:53,280 --> 03:19:54,280
that are hidden from view by using the
43292
03:19:55,192 --> 03:19:56,192
money sign
43293
03:19:56,400 --> 03:19:57,400
and then we've looked at permissions
43294
03:19:57,760 --> 03:19:58,760
including share permissions which are
43295
03:19:59,280 --> 03:20:00,280
those network level permissions
43296
03:20:01,912 --> 03:20:02,912
accessible from the
43297
03:20:04,640 --> 03:20:05,640
share tab and then ntfs permissions
43298
03:20:07,040 --> 03:20:08,040
which are those computer
43299
03:20:09,040 --> 03:20:10,040
based permissions and those again were
43300
03:20:11,440 --> 03:20:12,440
in the security tab okay important
43301
03:20:13,760 --> 03:20:14,760
distinction there we also looked at
43302
03:20:15,440 --> 03:20:16,440
permission inheritance which is what
43303
03:20:18,160 --> 03:20:19,160
happens to the file and remember that
43304
03:20:20,160 --> 03:20:21,160
generally speaking a file will uh
43305
03:20:22,960 --> 03:20:23,960
take on
43306
03:20:24,160 --> 03:20:25,160
the
43307
03:20:25,680 --> 03:20:26,680
um
43308
03:20:27,120 --> 03:20:28,120
standards and permissions of its parent
43309
03:20:29,760 --> 03:20:30,760
we also looked at moving and copying if
43310
03:20:31,440 --> 03:20:32,440
we move a file it retains its
43311
03:20:33,760 --> 03:20:34,760
permissions if we copy a file it takes
43312
03:20:37,360 --> 03:20:38,360
on the permissions of its new parent
43313
03:20:42,800 --> 03:20:43,800
we also looked at encryption which is
43314
03:20:44,872 --> 03:20:45,872
sort of like a code so that people can't
43315
03:20:48,552 --> 03:20:49,552
even if they get access to your files
43316
03:20:49,760 --> 03:20:50,760
they don't know what they're saying the
43317
03:20:51,040 --> 03:20:52,040
encrypting file system is a subset of
43318
03:20:53,120 --> 03:20:54,120
ntfs that allows us to encrypt uh
43319
03:20:55,680 --> 03:20:56,680
individual files and folders
43320
03:20:58,080 --> 03:20:59,080
bitlocker encryption uh allows us to
43321
03:21:00,960 --> 03:21:01,960
encrypt the uh
43322
03:21:03,040 --> 03:21:04,040
entire drive
43323
03:21:06,320 --> 03:21:07,320
and the trusted platform module it is
43324
03:21:09,680 --> 03:21:10,680
like the decoder ring that
43325
03:21:16,832 --> 03:21:17,832
contains uh
43326
03:21:19,040 --> 03:21:20,040
encryption information
43327
03:21:25,040 --> 03:21:26,040
great let's finish up this thing on uh
43328
03:21:27,440 --> 03:21:28,440
the series on security by talking about
43329
03:21:30,400 --> 03:21:31,400
router security specifically soho router
43330
03:21:32,960 --> 03:21:33,960
security
43331
03:21:37,820 --> 03:21:38,820
[Music]
43332
03:21:58,400 --> 03:21:59,400
security router security
43333
03:22:01,912 --> 03:22:02,912
let's finish up our discussion on
43334
03:22:04,000 --> 03:22:05,000
security by talking about router
43335
03:22:05,832 --> 03:22:06,832
security and when we talk about routers
43336
03:22:08,232 --> 03:22:09,232
uh generally speaking we're gonna be
43337
03:22:10,400 --> 03:22:11,400
talking about soho routers in fact that
43338
03:22:12,232 --> 03:22:13,232
is what we're gonna be talking about
43339
03:22:13,360 --> 03:22:14,360
soho routers or wireless routers these
43340
03:22:16,480 --> 03:22:17,480
sort of linksys d-link netgear
43341
03:22:19,040 --> 03:22:20,040
devices that we purchase and put in our
43342
03:22:20,960 --> 03:22:21,960
homes and in small offices
43343
03:22:23,192 --> 03:22:24,192
just because
43344
03:22:24,640 --> 03:22:25,640
not that all this stuff doesn't exist
43345
03:22:26,160 --> 03:22:27,160
when we deal with larger routers or
43346
03:22:28,080 --> 03:22:29,080
larger access points and a lot of the
43347
03:22:30,080 --> 03:22:31,080
stuff we're really talking about here is
43348
03:22:31,440 --> 03:22:32,440
wireless in nature but because it's uh
43349
03:22:34,080 --> 03:22:35,080
those are sort of encompassed by larger
43350
03:22:35,760 --> 03:22:36,760
certifications and different uh
43351
03:22:37,512 --> 03:22:38,512
manufacturers
43352
03:22:39,192 --> 03:22:40,192
so we're going to talk about a couple
43353
03:22:41,440 --> 03:22:42,440
things first the default administrator
43354
03:22:43,600 --> 03:22:44,600
password
43355
03:22:44,800 --> 03:22:45,800
which if you remember from our
43356
03:22:46,160 --> 03:22:47,160
discussion on wireless
43357
03:22:48,232 --> 03:22:49,232
routers or soho routers
43358
03:22:51,440 --> 03:22:52,440
is the way we
43359
03:22:52,800 --> 03:22:53,800
access these devices through a web-based
43360
03:22:55,192 --> 03:22:56,192
interface and using a password and we
43361
03:22:56,960 --> 03:22:57,960
want to change that anything default we
43362
03:22:59,192 --> 03:23:00,192
generally want to change so that way not
43363
03:23:01,832 --> 03:23:02,832
just anyone can get access then we're
43364
03:23:03,832 --> 03:23:04,832
going to talk about disabling the ssid
43365
03:23:06,000 --> 03:23:07,000
broadcast we've talked about that before
43366
03:23:08,080 --> 03:23:09,080
and we'll talk about it again sort of
43367
03:23:09,832 --> 03:23:10,832
like the
43368
03:23:11,600 --> 03:23:12,600
invisible or
43369
03:23:13,600 --> 03:23:14,600
hidden doorway in a wall that you have
43370
03:23:15,760 --> 03:23:16,760
to know is there in order to get access
43371
03:23:17,360 --> 03:23:18,360
to
43372
03:23:18,160 --> 03:23:19,160
we'll talk about wireless encryption
43373
03:23:19,832 --> 03:23:20,832
standards wep wpa and wpa2 we will talk
43374
03:23:23,440 --> 03:23:24,440
about those in more depth when we get
43375
03:23:25,120 --> 03:23:26,120
into the security plus certification
43376
03:23:27,912 --> 03:23:28,912
well let's talk about mac filtering uh
43377
03:23:30,160 --> 03:23:31,160
mac filtering being based on the
43378
03:23:31,832 --> 03:23:32,832
physical
43379
03:23:33,192 --> 03:23:34,192
address uh of the
43380
03:23:35,680 --> 03:23:36,680
remember the mac address or the physical
43381
03:23:37,360 --> 03:23:38,360
address of a device is that hardwired
43382
03:23:39,512 --> 03:23:40,512
device so we can filter things based on
43383
03:23:41,600 --> 03:23:42,600
that and then disabling wps wi-fi
43384
03:23:44,720 --> 03:23:45,720
protected setup
43385
03:23:46,552 --> 03:23:47,552
which was a
43386
03:23:48,800 --> 03:23:49,800
perhaps ill-conceived
43387
03:23:51,120 --> 03:23:52,120
way to connect to your wireless network
43388
03:23:53,600 --> 03:23:54,600
and get it securely set up quickly of
43389
03:23:55,832 --> 03:23:56,832
course the problem with it was that it
43390
03:23:58,552 --> 03:23:59,552
had quite a few security flaws in it
43391
03:24:02,080 --> 03:24:03,080
finally we'll talk about the dhcp range
43392
03:24:05,040 --> 03:24:06,040
so that we set the range of ip addresses
43393
03:24:07,120 --> 03:24:08,120
being given out by the dhcp server in
43394
03:24:09,440 --> 03:24:10,440
case we also have a static ip address
43395
03:24:12,552 --> 03:24:13,552
device such as a printer or server so we
43396
03:24:14,552 --> 03:24:15,552
don't double up on that
43397
03:24:18,000 --> 03:24:19,000
all right so first let's talk about the
43398
03:24:19,440 --> 03:24:20,440
default password
43399
03:24:21,280 --> 03:24:22,280
you go up to your you go to your browser
43400
03:24:23,192 --> 03:24:24,192
you type in the ip address of your uh
43401
03:24:26,800 --> 03:24:27,800
router your soho router again anytime
43402
03:24:29,280 --> 03:24:30,280
saying router or meaning soho router you
43403
03:24:31,120 --> 03:24:32,120
type that into the browser and up pops
43404
03:24:33,832 --> 03:24:34,832
this web interface
43405
03:24:36,552 --> 03:24:37,552
and it asks you for a username and
43406
03:24:38,160 --> 03:24:39,160
password well generally speaking uh that
43407
03:24:41,360 --> 03:24:42,360
username or password is blank or
43408
03:24:43,512 --> 03:24:44,512
administrator or password in fact you
43409
03:24:46,160 --> 03:24:47,160
can go onto the internet look up the
43410
03:24:47,832 --> 03:24:48,832
linksys or the netgear or whatever and
43411
03:24:50,480 --> 03:24:51,480
you can
43412
03:24:51,912 --> 03:24:52,912
uh get in you know get that information
43413
03:24:54,232 --> 03:24:55,232
from the manufacturer's instructions and
43414
03:24:55,912 --> 03:24:56,912
then log in so it's very important that
43415
03:24:58,160 --> 03:24:59,160
one of the first things you do is go to
43416
03:24:59,600 --> 03:25:00,600
this administration tab or whatever it's
43417
03:25:01,360 --> 03:25:02,360
like wherever it's located on your
43418
03:25:02,872 --> 03:25:03,872
router and change the default password
43419
03:25:05,360 --> 03:25:06,360
to something that you know and only you
43420
03:25:06,960 --> 03:25:07,960
know that way your neighbors can't hack
43421
03:25:09,120 --> 03:25:10,120
into your system i can't tell you how
43422
03:25:10,960 --> 03:25:11,960
many times i have been able to
43423
03:25:13,600 --> 03:25:14,600
get into the router of a neighbor simply
43424
03:25:17,040 --> 03:25:18,040
by going to their um
43425
03:25:19,280 --> 03:25:20,280
uh connecting to their network and then
43426
03:25:22,000 --> 03:25:23,000
which is not secured by the way and then
43427
03:25:25,040 --> 03:25:26,040
uh simply hacking uh you know their
43428
03:25:27,912 --> 03:25:28,912
settings
43429
03:25:31,040 --> 03:25:32,040
so you change this to some complex
43430
03:25:32,960 --> 03:25:33,960
password we've talked about password
43431
03:25:34,232 --> 03:25:35,232
complexity in the past the reason you
43432
03:25:36,160 --> 03:25:37,160
want to change something complex is so
43433
03:25:37,680 --> 03:25:38,680
that a
43434
03:25:39,120 --> 03:25:40,120
brute force attack can't hack it
43435
03:25:42,800 --> 03:25:43,800
let's talk about disabling ssad
43436
03:25:44,640 --> 03:25:45,640
broadcast i think we saw this exact
43437
03:25:46,320 --> 03:25:47,320
slide before but i want to bring it up
43438
03:25:47,680 --> 03:25:48,680
again um your ssid is the name
43439
03:25:51,120 --> 03:25:52,120
of the uh
43440
03:25:54,080 --> 03:25:55,080
wi-fi of your wi-fi network and so by
43441
03:25:57,600 --> 03:25:58,600
hiding the broadcast of it or or by not
43442
03:26:01,040 --> 03:26:02,040
broadcasting the ssid uh the only way to
43443
03:26:04,232 --> 03:26:05,232
get access is to know the ssid and so
43444
03:26:06,640 --> 03:26:07,640
you type that in to uh
43445
03:26:09,600 --> 03:26:10,600
you have to go to connect to another
43446
03:26:11,280 --> 03:26:12,280
network when you're connecting any
43447
03:26:12,720 --> 03:26:13,720
device and type in the ssid and this is
43448
03:26:15,120 --> 03:26:16,120
something that's a little more
43449
03:26:15,912 --> 03:26:16,912
complicated to do
43450
03:26:17,440 --> 03:26:18,440
for users who are not as advanced it can
43451
03:26:20,080 --> 03:26:21,080
still be discovered by the way it just
43452
03:26:22,320 --> 03:26:23,320
requires some special software so
43453
03:26:25,280 --> 03:26:26,280
that's the real reason uh it's kind of
43454
03:26:27,120 --> 03:26:28,120
one of the things they mention as far as
43455
03:26:28,960 --> 03:26:29,960
security is to disable the ssid
43456
03:26:31,040 --> 03:26:32,040
broadcast
43457
03:26:35,760 --> 03:26:36,760
wireless encryption so uh
43458
03:26:38,400 --> 03:26:39,400
if we look
43459
03:26:54,872 --> 03:26:55,872
hello
43460
03:27:56,720 --> 03:27:57,720
so wireless encryption
43461
03:27:58,960 --> 03:27:59,960
um
43462
03:28:07,440 --> 03:28:08,440
oh
43463
03:28:24,720 --> 03:28:25,720
so we've discussed encryption in terms
43464
03:28:26,552 --> 03:28:27,552
of uh files and folders but let's talk
43465
03:28:29,280 --> 03:28:30,280
about encryption over wireless just like
43466
03:28:30,960 --> 03:28:31,960
with anything we're sending data packets
43467
03:28:32,872 --> 03:28:33,872
over a wireless or unbounded connection
43468
03:28:35,760 --> 03:28:36,760
and so we want to make sure
43469
03:28:38,400 --> 03:28:39,400
that
43470
03:28:39,360 --> 03:28:40,360
someone was to sniff those data packets
43471
03:28:42,480 --> 03:28:43,480
they wouldn't be able to get out they
43472
03:28:43,912 --> 03:28:44,912
wouldn't be able to even read what they
43473
03:28:45,360 --> 03:28:46,360
were what they were seeing and so uh the
43474
03:28:48,080 --> 03:28:49,080
then we use these um different
43475
03:28:50,160 --> 03:28:51,160
encryption standards the first is wep it
43476
03:28:53,440 --> 03:28:54,440
is the weakest type of encryption it can
43477
03:28:55,192 --> 03:28:56,192
be cracked i think we've talked about
43478
03:28:56,640 --> 03:28:57,640
this in uh
43479
03:28:58,320 --> 03:28:59,320
literally 60 seconds and so it's not
43480
03:29:00,232 --> 03:29:01,232
really used it's better than nothing but
43481
03:29:02,000 --> 03:29:03,000
it's not really used that much anymore
43482
03:29:04,080 --> 03:29:05,080
the second is wpa it is stronger and it
43483
03:29:07,192 --> 03:29:08,192
uses an encryption standard called tkip
43484
03:29:10,800 --> 03:29:11,800
however the problem with it is uh it is
43485
03:29:13,440 --> 03:29:14,440
still have it still has some security um
43486
03:29:16,800 --> 03:29:17,800
problems and so wpa2 was created it is
43487
03:29:20,480 --> 03:29:21,480
the strongest and it is the current de
43488
03:29:22,400 --> 03:29:23,400
facto sort of encryption standard for
43489
03:29:24,552 --> 03:29:25,552
wireless
43490
03:29:26,000 --> 03:29:27,000
um as you can see over here this is
43491
03:29:28,000 --> 03:29:29,000
actually using a wpa with a pre-shared
43492
03:29:30,480 --> 03:29:31,480
key it's using aes which is the wpa2
43493
03:29:33,192 --> 03:29:34,192
standard so this is a an early on sort
43494
03:29:36,232 --> 03:29:37,232
of uh router right here that wasn't
43495
03:29:38,080 --> 03:29:39,080
calling it wpa2 yet the benefit of using
43496
03:29:40,640 --> 03:29:41,640
the wpa2 not only is that over wp is not
43497
03:29:45,280 --> 03:29:46,280
only that you can use any uh combination
43498
03:29:47,680 --> 03:29:48,680
of words and letters like we've talked
43499
03:29:49,360 --> 03:29:50,360
about but also it's much stronger much
43500
03:29:51,760 --> 03:29:52,760
more difficult to crack and it is
43501
03:29:53,760 --> 03:29:54,760
currently the the strongest encryption
43502
03:29:56,000 --> 03:29:57,000
that we have
43503
03:29:57,600 --> 03:29:58,600
uh some older devices by the way will
43504
03:29:59,760 --> 03:30:00,760
not support wpa2 and so you need to make
43505
03:30:02,640 --> 03:30:03,640
sure to upgrade the firmware on those
43506
03:30:04,320 --> 03:30:05,320
devices if in case uh you're going to
43507
03:30:07,040 --> 03:30:08,040
deploy a wpa2 network
43508
03:30:10,640 --> 03:30:11,640
so let's talk about mac filtering
43509
03:30:13,192 --> 03:30:14,192
um we can actually tell the wireless
43510
03:30:14,960 --> 03:30:15,960
network to not or to allow certain
43511
03:30:17,512 --> 03:30:18,512
device only certain devices in based on
43512
03:30:20,160 --> 03:30:21,160
the physical
43513
03:30:21,912 --> 03:30:22,912
ip address and what a mac filter does is
43514
03:30:24,232 --> 03:30:25,232
you can see from this i'm in this
43515
03:30:25,600 --> 03:30:26,600
wireless tab here and there's a wireless
43516
03:30:27,680 --> 03:30:28,680
mac filter and if i enabled this you
43517
03:30:29,760 --> 03:30:30,760
could literally put in the mac addresses
43518
03:30:31,680 --> 03:30:32,680
of up to a certain number of devices and
43519
03:30:34,000 --> 03:30:35,000
it would only allow those computers on
43520
03:30:36,400 --> 03:30:37,400
the network now don't forget uh if you
43521
03:30:38,720 --> 03:30:39,720
had a laptop and you had a desktop
43522
03:30:40,960 --> 03:30:41,960
computer and you had a iphone or an
43523
03:30:43,680 --> 03:30:44,680
android device or a smartphone or a
43524
03:30:45,440 --> 03:30:46,440
tablet each single one of those devices
43525
03:30:47,680 --> 03:30:48,680
would need there you need to get the ip
43526
03:30:49,512 --> 03:30:50,512
the mac address of the device which can
43527
03:30:51,440 --> 03:30:52,440
be somewhat difficult
43528
03:30:53,280 --> 03:30:54,280
depending on the device we know how to
43529
03:30:54,872 --> 03:30:55,872
do it in your computer ipconfig all but
43530
03:30:57,760 --> 03:30:58,760
say on an iphone or something it might
43531
03:31:00,080 --> 03:31:01,080
be a little more
43532
03:31:01,120 --> 03:31:02,120
testy for you to get that and you'd have
43533
03:31:02,960 --> 03:31:03,960
to enter that in here so if you have a
43534
03:31:04,640 --> 03:31:05,640
friend come over it's going to be a
43535
03:31:05,760 --> 03:31:06,760
little more uh you know difficult for
43536
03:31:07,912 --> 03:31:08,912
them to get access to your wireless
43537
03:31:09,192 --> 03:31:10,192
network so you manually enter these into
43538
03:31:11,600 --> 03:31:12,600
the soho router and it creates what's
43539
03:31:13,192 --> 03:31:14,192
called
43540
03:31:14,232 --> 03:31:15,232
this is important
43541
03:31:15,680 --> 03:31:16,680
creates an acl
43542
03:31:18,000 --> 03:31:19,000
or an access control list and that
43543
03:31:20,720 --> 03:31:21,720
access control list determines which
43544
03:31:22,320 --> 03:31:23,320
devices are going to be allowed on the
43545
03:31:23,760 --> 03:31:24,760
network
43546
03:31:24,872 --> 03:31:25,872
uh now if they're not on the list they
43547
03:31:26,720 --> 03:31:27,720
they don't have access to the network
43548
03:31:28,000 --> 03:31:29,000
they might quote unquote connect but
43549
03:31:29,680 --> 03:31:30,680
they won't be able to get anything they
43550
03:31:31,040 --> 03:31:32,040
won't be given an ip address or anything
43551
03:31:32,960 --> 03:31:33,960
so this can be a little more difficult
43552
03:31:35,192 --> 03:31:36,192
if you have a lot of people coming in
43553
03:31:36,320 --> 03:31:37,320
and out of your network but at the same
43554
03:31:38,160 --> 03:31:39,160
time it can really sort of close up any
43555
03:31:40,160 --> 03:31:41,160
holes and really keep it more secure
43556
03:31:42,320 --> 03:31:43,320
that being said it is possible to do
43557
03:31:44,080 --> 03:31:45,080
what's called spoof a mac address and by
43558
03:31:47,440 --> 03:31:48,440
spoofing a mac address
43559
03:31:49,440 --> 03:31:50,440
you can
43560
03:31:51,192 --> 03:31:52,192
basically tell your computer that it has
43561
03:31:53,192 --> 03:31:54,192
a different physical address than it it
43562
03:31:56,320 --> 03:31:57,320
really does and so
43563
03:31:57,912 --> 03:31:58,912
spoofing is somewhat of a
43564
03:32:00,000 --> 03:32:01,000
more advanced topic so you can change
43565
03:32:02,080 --> 03:32:03,080
your mac address and then get through a
43566
03:32:03,440 --> 03:32:04,440
mac filter but it's a little more
43567
03:32:05,120 --> 03:32:06,120
difficult to do
43568
03:32:07,280 --> 03:32:08,280
so finally we talked about wps wi-fi
43569
03:32:09,832 --> 03:32:10,832
protected setup this was built into
43570
03:32:11,440 --> 03:32:12,440
older systems it allowed uh connecting
43571
03:32:14,400 --> 03:32:15,400
the wireless access points easier for
43572
03:32:16,080 --> 03:32:17,080
the user and it was supposed to be uh
43573
03:32:20,080 --> 03:32:21,080
a secure
43574
03:32:21,360 --> 03:32:22,360
setup connection unfortunately it was
43575
03:32:23,760 --> 03:32:24,760
susceptible to what are called brute
43576
03:32:25,192 --> 03:32:26,192
force attacks where someone just sort of
43577
03:32:27,280 --> 03:32:28,280
as i've mentioned uh sort of just lists
43578
03:32:29,680 --> 03:32:30,680
numbers over and over and over again
43579
03:32:31,192 --> 03:32:32,192
here's the pin number you would connect
43580
03:32:32,800 --> 03:32:33,800
with and it just keeps out going at
43581
03:32:34,800 --> 03:32:35,800
numbers until it finds the correct
43582
03:32:36,400 --> 03:32:37,400
combination and then it gets access to
43583
03:32:37,912 --> 03:32:38,912
your network so again wps not really
43584
03:32:40,400 --> 03:32:41,400
used much anymore
43585
03:32:43,360 --> 03:32:44,360
and therefore is not something that we
43586
03:32:45,680 --> 03:32:46,680
recommend you use at all
43587
03:32:48,480 --> 03:32:49,480
we're gonna end this with this dhcp
43588
03:32:50,160 --> 03:32:51,160
range if i have um
43589
03:32:53,280 --> 03:32:54,280
let's say uh some static ip i have a
43590
03:32:55,440 --> 03:32:56,440
server and i wanna i'm on a 192.168.1
43591
03:33:00,400 --> 03:33:01,400
dot whatever network okay i can set the
43592
03:33:04,232 --> 03:33:05,232
range that the soho router is going to
43593
03:33:06,400 --> 03:33:07,400
add up on the dhcp so it's a dhcp server
43594
03:33:08,800 --> 03:33:09,800
right now right now it's starting at
43595
03:33:10,480 --> 03:33:11,480
zero so it's going to give out i p
43596
03:33:12,872 --> 03:33:13,872
addresses starting at zero so go one two
43597
03:33:14,800 --> 03:33:15,800
three four etcetera but if i want to
43598
03:33:16,552 --> 03:33:17,552
give a static ip address to that server
43599
03:33:18,400 --> 03:33:19,400
i was mentioning i might want it to be
43600
03:33:20,080 --> 03:33:21,080
five so let's say i want to give that ip
43601
03:33:22,320 --> 03:33:23,320
that static ip address of 192.168.1.
43602
03:33:26,720 --> 03:33:27,720
now i want to make sure that this dhcp
43603
03:33:29,040 --> 03:33:30,040
server isn't going to re-issue that ip
43604
03:33:31,600 --> 03:33:32,600
address to another computer so then what
43605
03:33:34,232 --> 03:33:35,232
i can do is i can set this starting ip
43606
03:33:36,640 --> 03:33:37,640
address to say start at 10 or 20 or
43607
03:33:38,720 --> 03:33:39,720
whatever then
43608
03:33:40,872 --> 03:33:41,872
i can
43609
03:33:42,552 --> 03:33:43,552
tell it you know how many dhp users or
43610
03:33:44,720 --> 03:33:45,720
whatever the important thing here being
43611
03:33:47,120 --> 03:33:48,120
that it's not going to
43612
03:33:49,280 --> 03:33:50,280
issue any ip addresses that are under
43613
03:33:51,192 --> 03:33:52,192
10. as a result i can be sure that i'm
43614
03:33:53,912 --> 03:33:54,912
not going to have any ip address
43615
03:33:55,280 --> 03:33:56,280
conflicts remember i can't have more
43616
03:33:56,800 --> 03:33:57,800
than two devices with the same ip
43617
03:33:58,320 --> 03:33:59,320
address and so it won't hand out one of
43618
03:34:00,080 --> 03:34:01,080
your static ip addresses which is going
43619
03:34:01,912 --> 03:34:02,912
to keep things more secure and running
43620
03:34:03,360 --> 03:34:04,360
more smoothly
43621
03:34:05,192 --> 03:34:06,192
all right so we've talked now about the
43622
03:34:07,280 --> 03:34:08,280
default admin password we want to change
43623
03:34:09,760 --> 03:34:10,760
it because it's usually blank all right
43624
03:34:12,000 --> 03:34:13,000
disabling the ssid broadcast which is
43625
03:34:14,320 --> 03:34:15,320
like that hidden door
43626
03:34:16,480 --> 03:34:17,480
you can still get access to it if you
43627
03:34:18,160 --> 03:34:19,160
know where it is
43628
03:34:19,512 --> 03:34:20,512
wireless encryption standards the one we
43629
03:34:21,440 --> 03:34:22,440
use most today is wpa2
43630
03:34:24,800 --> 03:34:25,800
mac filtering which again uses an access
43631
03:34:27,912 --> 03:34:28,912
control list an acl
43632
03:34:31,680 --> 03:34:32,680
okay an access control list to determine
43633
03:34:34,552 --> 03:34:35,552
which physical addresses are allowed
43634
03:34:36,552 --> 03:34:37,552
through into the system
43635
03:34:38,080 --> 03:34:39,080
we want to disable wi-fi protected setup
43636
03:34:40,720 --> 03:34:41,720
because it's actually not protected at
43637
03:34:42,320 --> 03:34:43,320
all right it is a um
43638
03:34:45,760 --> 03:34:46,760
we just don't want to use this because
43639
03:34:47,512 --> 03:34:48,512
it is susceptible
43640
03:34:51,512 --> 03:34:52,512
to brute force attack
43641
03:34:54,960 --> 03:34:55,960
and finally the dhcp range we can set we
43642
03:34:57,440 --> 03:34:58,440
want to start the dhcp range at a
43643
03:34:59,512 --> 03:35:00,512
different
43644
03:35:00,720 --> 03:35:01,720
perhaps at a higher number so that it
43645
03:35:02,720 --> 03:35:03,720
doesn't hand out
43646
03:35:07,360 --> 03:35:08,360
our static ips
43647
03:35:12,872 --> 03:35:13,872
great now we finished up talking about
43648
03:35:15,192 --> 03:35:16,192
security let's move into talking about
43649
03:35:17,360 --> 03:35:18,360
mobile computing
43650
03:35:20,530 --> 03:35:21,530
[Music]
43651
03:35:42,552 --> 03:35:43,552
in this video we will examine the
43652
03:35:44,480 --> 03:35:45,480
standards for wireless communication we
43653
03:35:46,872 --> 03:35:47,872
will also discuss wireless security
43654
03:35:48,800 --> 03:35:49,800
protocols and various methods for
43655
03:35:51,040 --> 03:35:52,040
securing your wireless network
43656
03:35:53,280 --> 03:35:54,280
we will conclude with some best
43657
03:35:54,872 --> 03:35:55,872
practices for wireless security
43658
03:35:58,832 --> 03:35:59,832
802.11 is a set of standards for
43659
03:36:01,680 --> 03:36:02,680
implementing wireless networks as set
43660
03:36:03,912 --> 03:36:04,912
forth by the institute of electrical and
43661
03:36:06,000 --> 03:36:07,000
electronics engineers the ieee
43662
03:36:09,832 --> 03:36:10,832
each standard will have different
43663
03:36:11,280 --> 03:36:12,280
strengths and weaknesses
43664
03:36:14,832 --> 03:36:15,832
80211a provides for maximum speed of 54
43665
03:36:18,640 --> 03:36:19,640
megabits per second and a maximum
43666
03:36:21,040 --> 03:36:22,040
distance of 60 feet
43667
03:36:24,040 --> 03:36:25,040
80211b
43668
03:36:25,600 --> 03:36:26,600
provides for 11 megabits per second
43669
03:36:27,760 --> 03:36:28,760
transfer rate in the 2.4 gigahertz
43670
03:36:30,160 --> 03:36:31,160
frequency
43671
03:36:31,440 --> 03:36:32,440
it has a range of up to 1000 feet in an
43672
03:36:33,832 --> 03:36:34,832
open area
43673
03:36:35,120 --> 03:36:36,120
in a range of 2 to 400 feet in an
43674
03:36:37,600 --> 03:36:38,600
enclosed space where walls will degrade
43675
03:36:40,160 --> 03:36:41,160
signals to varying degrees depending
43676
03:36:42,400 --> 03:36:43,400
upon the composition of the walls
43677
03:36:45,400 --> 03:36:46,400
80211b is not interoperable with 80211a
43678
03:36:51,320 --> 03:36:52,320
802.11g provides for a maximum data
43679
03:36:54,480 --> 03:36:55,480
transfer rate of up to 54 megabits per
43680
03:36:57,192 --> 03:36:58,192
second in the 2.4 gigahertz frequency
43681
03:37:00,480 --> 03:37:01,480
compatible with 802.11b
43682
03:37:02,960 --> 03:37:03,960
but will slow to 802.11b speeds if
43683
03:37:06,080 --> 03:37:07,080
sharing the same wireless access point
43684
03:37:10,232 --> 03:37:11,232
802 11n is a more recent specification
43685
03:37:13,680 --> 03:37:14,680
that allows for speeds from 54 megabits
43686
03:37:16,160 --> 03:37:17,160
per second to 600 megabits per second
43687
03:37:19,360 --> 03:37:20,360
with a range of up to 820 feet in an
43688
03:37:22,480 --> 03:37:23,480
open area
43689
03:37:25,192 --> 03:37:26,192
there are several wireless security
43690
03:37:27,120 --> 03:37:28,120
protocols
43691
03:37:28,552 --> 03:37:29,552
first
43692
03:37:29,760 --> 03:37:30,760
wired equivalent privacy or wep
43693
03:37:33,040 --> 03:37:34,040
wep was standardized in 1999 and in
43694
03:37:36,160 --> 03:37:37,160
spite of its name is far from being as
43695
03:37:38,640 --> 03:37:39,640
secure as a wired network
43696
03:37:40,872 --> 03:37:41,872
as a matter of fact the issues with wep
43697
03:37:43,360 --> 03:37:44,360
are many and it has been deprecated in
43698
03:37:45,912 --> 03:37:46,912
favor of newer more secure standards
43699
03:37:49,832 --> 03:37:50,832
wep comes in two standard encryption
43700
03:37:51,912 --> 03:37:52,912
strengths 64-bit and 128-bit
43701
03:37:56,160 --> 03:37:57,160
some vendors offer a 256-bit wep but
43702
03:37:59,280 --> 03:38:00,280
this is not widespread
43703
03:38:01,912 --> 03:38:02,912
the problem with wep's encryption
43704
03:38:03,512 --> 03:38:04,512
strength is that the key length includes
43705
03:38:06,080 --> 03:38:07,080
a 24-bit initialization vector or iv
43706
03:38:10,000 --> 03:38:11,000
this only leaves 40 bits for the actual
43707
03:38:12,480 --> 03:38:13,480
encryption in a 64-bit
43708
03:38:14,720 --> 03:38:15,720
and 104 bits in the 128-bit
43709
03:38:17,680 --> 03:38:18,680
implementation
43710
03:38:19,360 --> 03:38:20,360
the difference between the advertised
43711
03:38:21,192 --> 03:38:22,192
encryption strength and the actual is
43712
03:38:23,760 --> 03:38:24,760
massive
43713
03:38:25,192 --> 03:38:26,192
64-bit encryption is not 24 times
43714
03:38:27,912 --> 03:38:28,912
stronger than 40-bit encryption
43715
03:38:30,400 --> 03:38:31,400
it is twice the strength of 40-bit
43716
03:38:32,400 --> 03:38:33,400
encryption 24 times
43717
03:38:35,120 --> 03:38:36,120
this means that it is 16.8 million times
43718
03:38:38,000 --> 03:38:39,000
weaker than advertised
43719
03:38:41,120 --> 03:38:42,120
there are numerous attack tools written
43720
03:38:42,872 --> 03:38:43,872
to take advantage of wep's cryptographic
43721
03:38:45,040 --> 03:38:46,040
weaknesses kane enable aircrack kismet
43722
03:38:48,800 --> 03:38:49,800
to name a few
43723
03:38:50,232 --> 03:38:51,232
and cracking the key of 64-bit wep can
43724
03:38:53,280 --> 03:38:54,280
literally be done in a matter of minutes
43725
03:38:56,720 --> 03:38:57,720
wep should be considered fully
43726
03:38:58,160 --> 03:38:59,160
deprecated and not for use on any
43727
03:39:00,400 --> 03:39:01,400
network that you wish to protect
43728
03:39:04,160 --> 03:39:05,160
wi-fi protected access
43729
03:39:06,552 --> 03:39:07,552
wpa and wpa2
43730
03:39:09,512 --> 03:39:10,512
was introduced specifically to address
43731
03:39:11,512 --> 03:39:12,512
the cryptographic shortcomings of wep
43732
03:39:14,640 --> 03:39:15,640
vendors were anxious to replace wep so
43733
03:39:17,040 --> 03:39:18,040
wpa was released through a firmware
43734
03:39:19,440 --> 03:39:20,440
upgrade and was quite backwards
43735
03:39:21,360 --> 03:39:22,360
compatible to many existing wireless
43736
03:39:23,600 --> 03:39:24,600
access points
43737
03:39:25,720 --> 03:39:26,720
wpa2 is a more complete presentation of
43738
03:39:28,400 --> 03:39:29,400
the standard but in many cases required
43739
03:39:30,872 --> 03:39:31,872
a hardware upgrade to implement
43740
03:39:33,600 --> 03:39:34,600
some of the key features of wpa and wpa2
43741
03:39:36,800 --> 03:39:37,800
are
43742
03:39:38,320 --> 03:39:39,320
wpa provides improved data encryption
43743
03:39:40,960 --> 03:39:41,960
using temporal key integrity protocol
43744
03:39:43,600 --> 03:39:44,600
tkip
43745
03:39:45,120 --> 03:39:46,120
tkip uses wep's existing encryption and
43746
03:39:47,680 --> 03:39:48,680
provides a 128-bit encryption key thus
43747
03:39:51,040 --> 03:39:52,040
fixing the key length problem with wep
43748
03:39:54,040 --> 03:39:55,040
wpa2 also uses tkip but adds advanced
43749
03:39:58,080 --> 03:39:59,080
encryption standard aes counter mode
43750
03:40:00,872 --> 03:40:01,872
with cipher block chaining message
43751
03:40:02,872 --> 03:40:03,872
authentication code protocol ccmp both
43752
03:40:06,320 --> 03:40:07,320
standards have been extended to include
43753
03:40:08,232 --> 03:40:09,232
additional types of user authentication
43754
03:40:10,720 --> 03:40:11,720
through the extensible authentication
43755
03:40:12,552 --> 03:40:13,552
protocol eap
43756
03:40:15,440 --> 03:40:16,440
web controlled access to the network
43757
03:40:17,440 --> 03:40:18,440
based on the client's mac address which
43758
03:40:19,440 --> 03:40:20,440
is very easy to discern
43759
03:40:21,832 --> 03:40:22,832
eap uses public key encryption to
43760
03:40:24,720 --> 03:40:25,720
significantly enhance the cryptographic
43761
03:40:26,640 --> 03:40:27,640
strength of the connection and ensure
43762
03:40:28,640 --> 03:40:29,640
only authorized access
43763
03:40:32,400 --> 03:40:33,400
the extensible authentication protocol
43764
03:40:34,960 --> 03:40:35,960
eap
43765
03:40:36,232 --> 03:40:37,232
is a framework that authenticates
43766
03:40:38,080 --> 03:40:39,080
clients and servers to each other using
43767
03:40:40,640 --> 03:40:41,640
several different plugins
43768
03:40:43,192 --> 03:40:44,192
since eap does not specify which
43769
03:40:45,600 --> 03:40:46,600
authentication is to be used it provides
43770
03:40:48,552 --> 03:40:49,552
the administrator with a wealth of
43771
03:40:50,232 --> 03:40:51,232
choices as well as being forward
43772
03:40:52,552 --> 03:40:53,552
compatible to future authentication
43773
03:40:54,552 --> 03:40:55,552
mechanisms
43774
03:40:56,320 --> 03:40:57,320
eap is often used in but not limited to
43775
03:40:59,832 --> 03:41:00,832
wireless networks
43776
03:41:01,912 --> 03:41:02,912
two common eap implementations are
43777
03:41:05,040 --> 03:41:06,040
protected extensible authentication
43778
03:41:07,040 --> 03:41:08,040
protocol peep
43779
03:41:08,800 --> 03:41:09,800
which is an open standard developed
43780
03:41:10,800 --> 03:41:11,800
through a partnership of rsa security
43781
03:41:13,912 --> 03:41:14,912
cisco systems and microsoft
43782
03:41:16,960 --> 03:41:17,960
and
43783
03:41:18,000 --> 03:41:19,000
lightweight extensible authentication
43784
03:41:19,912 --> 03:41:20,912
protocol leap which is a proprietary
43785
03:41:22,872 --> 03:41:23,872
cisco implementation of eap
43786
03:41:27,232 --> 03:41:28,232
8021x
43787
03:41:28,872 --> 03:41:29,872
is an ieee standard that provides a
43788
03:41:31,280 --> 03:41:32,280
port-based authentication mechanism for
43789
03:41:33,360 --> 03:41:34,360
all flavors of wireless
43790
03:41:35,680 --> 03:41:36,680
it uses eap to authenticate the user
43791
03:41:38,160 --> 03:41:39,160
against a directory service such as
43792
03:41:40,640 --> 03:41:41,640
active directory
43793
03:41:42,720 --> 03:41:43,720
one there are numerous security methods
43794
03:41:45,360 --> 03:41:46,360
and practices that can be implemented to
43795
03:41:47,512 --> 03:41:48,512
protect your wireless network
43796
03:41:50,000 --> 03:41:51,000
first there are general guidelines
43797
03:41:53,120 --> 03:41:54,120
physically secure the wireless access
43798
03:41:55,120 --> 03:41:56,120
point
43799
03:41:56,480 --> 03:41:57,480
secure access to your wireless access
43800
03:41:58,800 --> 03:41:59,800
points administrative interface
43801
03:42:02,872 --> 03:42:03,872
disable remote administration
43802
03:42:06,480 --> 03:42:07,480
change the default channel
43803
03:42:09,120 --> 03:42:10,120
and make sure to keep your firmware up
43804
03:42:11,040 --> 03:42:12,040
to date
43805
03:42:13,680 --> 03:42:14,680
the service set identifier ssid
43806
03:42:17,512 --> 03:42:18,512
change the default ssid
43807
03:42:20,640 --> 03:42:21,640
do not broadcast the ssid
43808
03:42:23,832 --> 03:42:24,832
this is a speed bump on the road to
43809
03:42:25,680 --> 03:42:26,680
hacking your wireless access point
43810
03:42:28,000 --> 03:42:29,000
it's a good idea but don't count on it
43811
03:42:30,400 --> 03:42:31,400
as your sole method of protection
43812
03:42:32,800 --> 03:42:33,800
a non-broadcast ssid is only a secret if
43813
03:42:36,480 --> 03:42:37,480
no one is connected to your wireless
43814
03:42:38,480 --> 03:42:39,480
access point
43815
03:42:40,160 --> 03:42:41,160
if anyone is connected even over an
43816
03:42:42,720 --> 03:42:43,720
encrypted connection
43817
03:42:44,160 --> 03:42:45,160
the ssid will be unencrypted in the
43818
03:42:46,480 --> 03:42:47,480
packet and can then be extracted by any
43819
03:42:49,192 --> 03:42:50,192
wireless sniffing tool
43820
03:42:52,400 --> 03:42:53,400
as for encryption
43821
03:42:54,080 --> 03:42:55,080
do not use wep
43822
03:42:57,512 --> 03:42:58,512
use wpa2 with tkip or aes and use a
43823
03:43:01,832 --> 03:43:02,832
strong password
43824
03:43:03,912 --> 03:43:04,912
no matter how secure the cryptographic
43825
03:43:05,832 --> 03:43:06,832
algorithm it will be susceptible to a
43826
03:43:08,232 --> 03:43:09,232
dictionary attack if a weak password is
43827
03:43:12,832 --> 03:43:13,832
used enable mac address filtering so
43828
03:43:15,912 --> 03:43:16,912
that only specific mac addresses are
43829
03:43:18,160 --> 03:43:19,160
allowed to connect to the wireless
43830
03:43:19,680 --> 03:43:20,680
access point
43831
03:43:21,760 --> 03:43:22,760
a couple of notes about mac address
43832
03:43:23,832 --> 03:43:24,832
filtering
43833
03:43:24,872 --> 03:43:25,872
first
43834
03:43:25,832 --> 03:43:26,832
only use mac address filtering if the
43835
03:43:27,912 --> 03:43:28,912
population of devices that you want to
43836
03:43:30,232 --> 03:43:31,232
have connect is fairly static
43837
03:43:33,280 --> 03:43:34,280
needing to go to the interface to
43838
03:43:35,040 --> 03:43:36,040
constantly put in new mac addresses will
43839
03:43:37,192 --> 03:43:38,192
get old quickly
43840
03:43:39,680 --> 03:43:40,680
second
43841
03:43:40,872 --> 03:43:41,872
it is a trivial matter to sniff wireless
43842
03:43:43,192 --> 03:43:44,192
traffic and discern an allowed client's
43843
03:43:45,440 --> 03:43:46,440
mac address
43844
03:43:46,720 --> 03:43:47,720
at which point the attacker can spoof
43845
03:43:48,720 --> 03:43:49,720
his mac address to match the victims
43846
03:43:51,192 --> 03:43:52,192
even easier than getting the mac address
43847
03:43:54,080 --> 03:43:55,080
and hijack the user session or simply
43848
03:43:57,680 --> 03:43:58,680
wait until the client is no longer
43849
03:43:59,440 --> 03:44:00,440
connected and then present the allowed
43850
03:44:01,680 --> 03:44:02,680
mac address and connect up as that
43851
03:44:03,680 --> 03:44:04,680
client
43852
03:44:05,512 --> 03:44:06,512
next use a virtual private network
43853
03:44:10,080 --> 03:44:11,080
and periodically scan for rogue wireless
43854
03:44:12,552 --> 03:44:13,552
access points
43855
03:44:14,160 --> 03:44:15,160
it is not uncommon to find where a user
43856
03:44:16,320 --> 03:44:17,320
has installed their own wireless access
43857
03:44:18,480 --> 03:44:19,480
point to simplify their connectivity
43858
03:44:21,512 --> 03:44:22,512
these rogue waps can potentially bypass
43859
03:44:24,400 --> 03:44:25,400
your authentication mechanisms and
43860
03:44:26,320 --> 03:44:27,320
should be eliminated immediately
43861
03:44:30,232 --> 03:44:31,232
as for antenna placement
43862
03:44:32,400 --> 03:44:33,400
shape your wireless signal through the
43863
03:44:34,232 --> 03:44:35,232
use of unidirectional antennas and
43864
03:44:36,552 --> 03:44:37,552
manipulating signal strength
43865
03:44:38,480 --> 03:44:39,480
to avoid providing a signal to unsecured
43866
03:44:40,960 --> 03:44:41,960
areas such as streets and parking lots
43867
03:44:44,872 --> 03:44:45,872
also clients should never auto connect
43868
03:44:47,600 --> 03:44:48,600
to an open wi-fi
43869
03:44:49,680 --> 03:44:50,680
and should never disable the host-based
43870
03:44:52,000 --> 03:44:53,000
firewall
43871
03:44:54,640 --> 03:44:55,640
in this video we examined the standards
43872
03:44:57,192 --> 03:44:58,192
for wireless communications we discussed
43873
03:44:59,912 --> 03:45:00,912
wireless security protocols and various
43874
03:45:02,320 --> 03:45:03,320
methods for securing your wireless
43875
03:45:04,160 --> 03:45:05,160
network
43876
03:45:05,680 --> 03:45:06,680
we concluded with some best practices
43877
03:45:08,000 --> 03:45:09,000
for wireless security
43878
03:45:11,280 --> 03:45:12,280
in our next video we will continue our
43879
03:45:13,680 --> 03:45:14,680
look at network security with network
43880
03:45:16,400 --> 03:45:17,400
design elements
43881
03:45:22,590 --> 03:45:23,590
[Music]
43882
03:45:42,872 --> 03:45:43,872
mobile devices hardware and operating
43883
03:45:45,832 --> 03:45:46,832
systems
43884
03:45:48,400 --> 03:45:49,400
we've discussed the big computers we've
43885
03:45:50,080 --> 03:45:51,080
discussed even smaller computers like
43886
03:45:51,760 --> 03:45:52,760
laptops we've discussed networking and
43887
03:45:54,480 --> 03:45:55,480
security but now let's talk about uh a
43888
03:45:57,280 --> 03:45:58,280
new
43889
03:45:58,480 --> 03:45:59,480
forerunner in the computing market
43890
03:46:00,552 --> 03:46:01,552
mobile devices not just tablets but also
43891
03:46:03,680 --> 03:46:04,680
smartphones which are miniature
43892
03:46:05,760 --> 03:46:06,760
computers
43893
03:46:07,040 --> 03:46:08,040
this is a new area to the a plus exam
43894
03:46:10,232 --> 03:46:11,232
and it's been added because there's been
43895
03:46:12,320 --> 03:46:13,320
a growth in this market that's sort of
43896
03:46:13,832 --> 03:46:14,832
unprecedented and surely it's going to
43897
03:46:16,232 --> 03:46:17,232
continue to push one thing you'll note
43898
03:46:18,480 --> 03:46:19,480
probably is even by the time you watch
43899
03:46:20,320 --> 03:46:21,320
this video um the technology will
43900
03:46:23,040 --> 03:46:24,040
probably even have moved past where the
43901
03:46:24,960 --> 03:46:25,960
a plus exam is testing so we're really
43902
03:46:27,192 --> 03:46:28,192
focusing on are two of the major um
43903
03:46:31,440 --> 03:46:32,440
forerunners in the market the android
43904
03:46:33,680 --> 03:46:34,680
and the ios or apple
43905
03:46:35,912 --> 03:46:36,912
uh manufacturers of course windows is
43906
03:46:38,160 --> 03:46:39,160
coming out with some stuff blackberry
43907
03:46:39,912 --> 03:46:40,912
has released new um
43908
03:46:41,912 --> 03:46:42,912
smartphones and tablets as well
43909
03:46:44,640 --> 03:46:45,640
so it's going to be important for you to
43910
03:46:47,512 --> 03:46:48,512
keep up to date on this information
43911
03:46:50,080 --> 03:46:51,080
by looking at some other sources and
43912
03:46:52,160 --> 03:46:53,160
double checking
43913
03:46:54,160 --> 03:46:55,160
online and on the internet and keeping
43914
03:46:55,760 --> 03:46:56,760
up to date by reading your latest
43915
03:46:57,760 --> 03:46:58,760
magazines
43916
03:46:58,872 --> 03:46:59,872
but that being said let's talk about
43917
03:47:00,480 --> 03:47:01,480
mobile devices uh the hardware and the
43918
03:47:02,640 --> 03:47:03,640
operating systems that go into them and
43919
03:47:04,320 --> 03:47:05,320
what makes them a little bit different
43920
03:47:05,760 --> 03:47:06,760
from the other computers and laptops
43921
03:47:07,440 --> 03:47:08,440
we've looked at
43922
03:47:08,800 --> 03:47:09,800
so first we're going to talk about
43923
03:47:10,400 --> 03:47:11,400
mobile hardware
43924
03:47:12,552 --> 03:47:13,552
and then we're going to talk about the
43925
03:47:13,680 --> 03:47:14,680
mobile operating system or os there are
43926
03:47:16,000 --> 03:47:17,000
two major mobile operating systems uh
43927
03:47:18,320 --> 03:47:19,320
that we see android which most people
43928
03:47:20,480 --> 03:47:21,480
would think of google when they think of
43929
03:47:22,320 --> 03:47:23,320
that because it was sort of commissioned
43930
03:47:23,600 --> 03:47:24,600
by google and ios or apple so just so we
43931
03:47:29,040 --> 03:47:30,040
are on the same page here google
43932
03:47:32,080 --> 03:47:33,080
and apple
43933
03:47:34,320 --> 03:47:35,320
uh then we want to talk about installing
43934
03:47:35,912 --> 03:47:36,912
apps obviously because these two are
43935
03:47:38,232 --> 03:47:39,232
different operating systems they have
43936
03:47:39,760 --> 03:47:40,760
different ways and they're actually
43937
03:47:41,680 --> 03:47:42,680
different in the way that they've been
43938
03:47:42,872 --> 03:47:43,872
created in the way that they're
43939
03:47:44,160 --> 03:47:45,160
commercially released we need to talk
43940
03:47:46,320 --> 03:47:47,320
about how we install apps on them which
43941
03:47:48,720 --> 03:47:49,720
is slightly different we also want to
43942
03:47:50,640 --> 03:47:51,640
talk about the screen configuration as
43943
03:47:53,040 --> 03:47:54,040
you might note moving a smartphone or
43944
03:47:55,600 --> 03:47:56,600
tablet to the side uh allows the
43945
03:47:58,960 --> 03:47:59,960
the
43946
03:48:00,080 --> 03:48:01,080
tablet or smartphone can recognize
43947
03:48:02,480 --> 03:48:03,480
how it's sort of being positioned and
43948
03:48:04,000 --> 03:48:05,000
can change and that has to do with
43949
03:48:05,912 --> 03:48:06,912
something called the accelerometer and
43950
03:48:07,760 --> 03:48:08,760
something else called the gyroscope so
43951
03:48:09,760 --> 03:48:10,760
it's good to just be familiar with those
43952
03:48:11,280 --> 03:48:12,280
terms
43953
03:48:12,400 --> 03:48:13,400
we also want to talk about calibration
43954
03:48:14,480 --> 03:48:15,480
something that you actually don't see on
43955
03:48:16,232 --> 03:48:17,232
apple but you do see with a google or
43956
03:48:18,480 --> 03:48:19,480
android devices
43957
03:48:20,800 --> 03:48:21,800
finally we want to talk about resetting
43958
03:48:22,872 --> 03:48:23,872
the uh
43959
03:48:24,400 --> 03:48:25,400
device whether that's a soft or a hard
43960
03:48:26,400 --> 03:48:27,400
reset
43961
03:48:27,680 --> 03:48:28,680
a soft reset being uh like a reboot just
43962
03:48:30,720 --> 03:48:31,720
sort of restarting it a hard reset being
43963
03:48:33,120 --> 03:48:34,120
bringing it back to its
43964
03:48:34,832 --> 03:48:35,832
manufacturer factory settings so let's
43965
03:48:37,680 --> 03:48:38,680
start by talking about mobile devices in
43966
03:48:39,832 --> 03:48:40,832
general here i have several different
43967
03:48:41,440 --> 03:48:42,440
ones including a kindle
43968
03:48:44,160 --> 03:48:45,160
an ipad or an apple device and an
43969
03:48:47,600 --> 03:48:48,600
android device as well or the google
43970
03:48:49,760 --> 03:48:50,760
device
43971
03:48:50,800 --> 03:48:51,800
computers uh mobile devices are
43972
03:48:53,360 --> 03:48:54,360
basically computers that are smaller and
43973
03:48:55,280 --> 03:48:56,280
lighter than laptops we might even think
43974
03:48:57,440 --> 03:48:58,440
of them as ultra mobile uh of course
43975
03:48:59,912 --> 03:49:00,912
they're not marketed as computers
43976
03:49:01,360 --> 03:49:02,360
they're marketed as smartphones and
43977
03:49:03,040 --> 03:49:04,040
tablets mobile devices but they are in
43978
03:49:05,440 --> 03:49:06,440
effect computers in fact the iphone and
43979
03:49:07,912 --> 03:49:08,912
the ipad in fact i bet all of these
43980
03:49:10,080 --> 03:49:11,080
devices have uh
43981
03:49:12,400 --> 03:49:13,400
more
43982
03:49:13,680 --> 03:49:14,680
computing power than the entire
43983
03:49:16,080 --> 03:49:17,080
spaceship uh that went first to the moon
43984
03:49:18,800 --> 03:49:19,800
so it's really quite incredible how much
43985
03:49:21,120 --> 03:49:22,120
we're able to fit into these nowadays
43986
03:49:23,600 --> 03:49:24,600
they have the same basic components as
43987
03:49:26,800 --> 03:49:27,800
other computers but they're different
43988
03:49:28,640 --> 03:49:29,640
types
43989
03:49:29,760 --> 03:49:30,760
uh if we look at them and this is a a
43990
03:49:32,080 --> 03:49:33,080
small arm processor here
43991
03:49:34,872 --> 03:49:35,872
the first thing we know is that all of
43992
03:49:36,480 --> 03:49:37,480
these for the most part are arm based
43993
03:49:38,800 --> 03:49:39,800
processors arm don't worry what it means
43994
03:49:41,280 --> 03:49:42,280
but it's just specifically made for
43995
03:49:43,512 --> 03:49:44,512
mobile devices so they have their own
43996
03:49:45,600 --> 03:49:46,600
mobile processor that's been developed
43997
03:49:48,232 --> 03:49:49,232
they also for the most part use
43998
03:49:49,680 --> 03:49:50,680
non-volatile flash memory that's
43999
03:49:51,680 --> 03:49:52,680
hardwired to the system so remember
44000
03:49:53,832 --> 03:49:54,832
volatile memory is susceptible to
44001
03:49:56,320 --> 03:49:57,320
um
44002
03:49:57,680 --> 03:49:58,680
to the power loss non-volatile means
44003
03:49:59,600 --> 03:50:00,600
that power can go off and it's still
44004
03:50:00,872 --> 03:50:01,872
going to keep its information the reason
44005
03:50:02,640 --> 03:50:03,640
we're using flash memory which again is
44006
03:50:04,720 --> 03:50:05,720
a
44007
03:50:05,600 --> 03:50:06,600
solid state uh hard drive is uh because
44008
03:50:10,160 --> 03:50:11,160
these are ultra mobile they're moving
44009
03:50:11,512 --> 03:50:12,512
around a lot we don't need them to be
44010
03:50:12,960 --> 03:50:13,960
susceptible to shock or to jostling and
44011
03:50:15,912 --> 03:50:16,912
we certainly don't want to lose
44012
03:50:17,192 --> 03:50:18,192
information on them so this not only
44013
03:50:19,120 --> 03:50:20,120
allows them to be faster it allows them
44014
03:50:20,640 --> 03:50:21,640
to actually live in an on a mobile world
44015
03:50:23,760 --> 03:50:24,760
for the most part as well a lot of these
44016
03:50:25,512 --> 03:50:26,512
come with on-screen keyboards apple sort
44017
03:50:27,912 --> 03:50:28,912
of introduced it and everyone's scoffed
44018
03:50:29,760 --> 03:50:30,760
at it but it has really taken over why
44019
03:50:32,080 --> 03:50:33,080
have an exterior keyboard like the
44020
03:50:33,832 --> 03:50:34,832
blackberry has
44021
03:50:35,360 --> 03:50:36,360
when we can simply put one on and have
44022
03:50:37,192 --> 03:50:38,192
it learn how you work of course each
44023
03:50:39,120 --> 03:50:40,120
keyboard that's on screen works
44024
03:50:40,480 --> 03:50:41,480
differently but for the most part one
44025
03:50:42,160 --> 03:50:43,160
pops up and you type using your thumb or
44026
03:50:43,912 --> 03:50:44,912
fingers and the more you work on it the
44027
03:50:45,760 --> 03:50:46,760
better it becomes
44028
03:50:47,680 --> 03:50:48,680
blackberry has maintained a or up until
44029
03:50:50,552 --> 03:50:51,552
recently maintained a physical keyboard
44030
03:50:53,440 --> 03:50:54,440
which they have just just replaced with
44031
03:50:56,000 --> 03:50:57,000
their own on-screen keyboard device they
44032
03:50:58,000 --> 03:50:59,000
do say they're going to come out with a
44033
03:51:00,000 --> 03:51:01,000
hardware keyboard the reason that most
44034
03:51:01,680 --> 03:51:02,680
people have stuck with them so far but
44035
03:51:03,600 --> 03:51:04,600
on-screen keyboards are where we're
44036
03:51:05,120 --> 03:51:06,120
going
44037
03:51:06,400 --> 03:51:07,400
they also have no mouse this is really
44038
03:51:08,320 --> 03:51:09,320
important and this is i think something
44039
03:51:10,160 --> 03:51:11,160
that's really going to revolutionize the
44040
03:51:12,640 --> 03:51:13,640
way we compute there is no mouse on
44041
03:51:16,000 --> 03:51:17,000
these tablet devices and if you've
44042
03:51:17,600 --> 03:51:18,600
looked at any of the windows 8
44043
03:51:20,000 --> 03:51:21,000
if you're into windows 8 which is not
44044
03:51:21,360 --> 03:51:22,360
covered on this exam and their surface
44045
03:51:23,680 --> 03:51:24,680
devices that microsoft is now trying to
44046
03:51:25,760 --> 03:51:26,760
sell
44047
03:51:27,040 --> 03:51:28,040
they sort of
44048
03:51:28,720 --> 03:51:29,720
mix mouse and touch screen the idea
44049
03:51:31,512 --> 03:51:32,512
being that you can use your multi-touch
44050
03:51:33,040 --> 03:51:34,040
you can use your fingers you can use
44051
03:51:34,400 --> 03:51:35,400
your hands to do what the mouse would
44052
03:51:36,232 --> 03:51:37,232
have done and you do it quicker
44053
03:51:38,552 --> 03:51:39,552
the other benefit of using multi-touch
44054
03:51:40,160 --> 03:51:41,160
and the reason it's called multi-touch
44055
03:51:41,600 --> 03:51:42,600
is that you have you can use one finger
44056
03:51:44,480 --> 03:51:45,480
is different from two fingers different
44057
03:51:46,000 --> 03:51:47,000
from three fingers so the computer can
44058
03:51:47,760 --> 03:51:48,760
recognize how many fingers you're using
44059
03:51:49,680 --> 03:51:50,680
and change
44060
03:51:51,192 --> 03:51:52,192
what it does based on that
44061
03:51:53,600 --> 03:51:54,600
it's not easily upgradable so this is
44062
03:51:55,832 --> 03:51:56,832
sort of a a
44063
03:51:58,232 --> 03:51:59,232
bad thing if you would
44064
03:51:59,912 --> 03:52:00,912
think of it or a good thing for the
44065
03:52:01,680 --> 03:52:02,680
company it's not easily upgradable
44066
03:52:03,512 --> 03:52:04,512
meaning i can't just pop in some new ram
44067
03:52:06,000 --> 03:52:07,000
or upgrade the hard drive because there
44068
03:52:08,000 --> 03:52:09,000
are really no frus or field replaceable
44069
03:52:10,320 --> 03:52:11,320
units because this thing is so small
44070
03:52:13,360 --> 03:52:14,360
everything is integrated very tightly
44071
03:52:15,512 --> 03:52:16,512
and as a result of being integrated so
44072
03:52:17,360 --> 03:52:18,360
tightly it's difficult to have someone
44073
03:52:19,440 --> 03:52:20,440
who is not an expert on the machine go
44074
03:52:22,000 --> 03:52:23,000
in and
44075
03:52:23,192 --> 03:52:24,192
upgrade something also they don't want
44076
03:52:25,192 --> 03:52:26,192
you to do that yourself because you're
44077
03:52:26,960 --> 03:52:27,960
probably going to break it and so they
44078
03:52:28,400 --> 03:52:29,400
usually require that you buy a brand new
44079
03:52:30,320 --> 03:52:31,320
one if you want to do that in fact you
44080
03:52:31,832 --> 03:52:32,832
can't even really take it to the store
44081
03:52:33,120 --> 03:52:34,120
to upgrade these devices usually you
44082
03:52:34,872 --> 03:52:35,872
have to just buy a new one and they're
44083
03:52:36,640 --> 03:52:37,640
built um you know generally when they're
44084
03:52:38,720 --> 03:52:39,720
sold they're sold in sort of a two-year
44085
03:52:40,320 --> 03:52:41,320
contract uh thing so in two years when
44086
03:52:43,120 --> 03:52:44,120
the device is
44087
03:52:44,480 --> 03:52:45,480
basically at the cusp of being out of
44088
03:52:45,912 --> 03:52:46,912
date you can purchase a brand new one
44089
03:52:49,360 --> 03:52:50,360
so as a result of not being able to
44090
03:52:52,000 --> 03:52:53,000
upgrade them you're not going to do a
44091
03:52:53,360 --> 03:52:54,360
lot of hardware work on them in fact
44092
03:52:56,000 --> 03:52:57,000
we're going to rely on warranties more
44093
03:52:57,832 --> 03:52:58,832
than internal servicing something else
44094
03:52:59,360 --> 03:53:00,360
that's good for the companies right
44095
03:53:01,600 --> 03:53:02,600
because if they can force you to go back
44096
03:53:03,192 --> 03:53:04,192
to them they can have more money in
44097
03:53:04,552 --> 03:53:05,552
their pockets so it's important to know
44098
03:53:06,552 --> 03:53:07,552
when you're working with these devices
44099
03:53:08,000 --> 03:53:09,000
you're mostly working on the software
44100
03:53:10,232 --> 03:53:11,232
side you're probably not going to be
44101
03:53:11,440 --> 03:53:12,440
working on the hardware side because if
44102
03:53:12,720 --> 03:53:13,720
something's wrong with the hardware
44103
03:53:14,000 --> 03:53:15,000
you're going to take it to the company
44104
03:53:15,512 --> 03:53:16,512
and let them
44105
03:53:16,872 --> 03:53:17,872
fix it based on the warranty
44106
03:53:19,280 --> 03:53:20,280
so there are two major mobile operating
44107
03:53:21,760 --> 03:53:22,760
systems
44108
03:53:22,800 --> 03:53:23,800
and there's something important to
44109
03:53:24,160 --> 03:53:25,160
distinguish between them the first
44110
03:53:26,552 --> 03:53:27,552
is an open source
44111
03:53:28,480 --> 03:53:29,480
operating system which effectively means
44112
03:53:31,040 --> 03:53:32,040
it's free to download and modify so
44113
03:53:33,192 --> 03:53:34,192
anyone who could build the hardware uh
44114
03:53:35,600 --> 03:53:36,600
for a an open source device could
44115
03:53:38,232 --> 03:53:39,232
theoretically download the software and
44116
03:53:40,080 --> 03:53:41,080
install it make modifications etc so
44117
03:53:43,120 --> 03:53:44,120
these are very open it's very easy for
44118
03:53:45,192 --> 03:53:46,192
other people to get access to easy to
44119
03:53:47,040 --> 03:53:48,040
create applications for easy to install
44120
03:53:49,680 --> 03:53:50,680
applications etc the most popular open
44121
03:53:53,120 --> 03:53:54,120
source operating system out there of
44122
03:53:54,800 --> 03:53:55,800
course uh is linux and the most popular
44123
03:53:57,832 --> 03:53:58,832
mobile open source operating system is
44124
03:54:00,720 --> 03:54:01,720
android and that is this logo right here
44125
03:54:04,000 --> 03:54:05,000
um
44126
03:54:04,872 --> 03:54:05,872
of course being open source it's public
44127
03:54:06,400 --> 03:54:07,400
domain uh now the thing with uh i
44128
03:54:09,192 --> 03:54:10,192
shouldn't say public domain because you
44129
03:54:10,800 --> 03:54:11,800
do have anything you release
44130
03:54:13,760 --> 03:54:14,760
if you ever do any modifications to an
44131
03:54:15,600 --> 03:54:16,600
open source item you generally speaking
44132
03:54:18,640 --> 03:54:19,640
have to release it yourself for free or
44133
03:54:21,192 --> 03:54:22,192
have a way to release it for free now
44134
03:54:23,512 --> 03:54:24,512
this is different from closed source
44135
03:54:25,912 --> 03:54:26,912
things closed source means it cannot be
44136
03:54:28,080 --> 03:54:29,080
modified without express permission in
44137
03:54:30,160 --> 03:54:31,160
licensing
44138
03:54:31,280 --> 03:54:32,280
so if i want to change something on it i
44139
03:54:34,160 --> 03:54:35,160
have to get permission from say apple
44140
03:54:36,552 --> 03:54:37,552
and the best uh um
44141
03:54:39,280 --> 03:54:40,280
and this is also why it's called vendor
44142
03:54:41,120 --> 03:54:42,120
specific i need to get the vendors
44143
03:54:42,872 --> 03:54:43,872
approval um of course the most popular
44144
03:54:45,600 --> 03:54:46,600
one here is ios which is apple's
44145
03:54:48,000 --> 03:54:49,000
operating system which is going to be
44146
03:54:49,280 --> 03:54:50,280
running on iphones and ipads so it's
44147
03:54:52,160 --> 03:54:53,160
important to realize the difference
44148
03:54:53,360 --> 03:54:54,360
between these open source would also be
44149
03:54:55,832 --> 03:54:56,832
like uh linux okay and closed source
44150
03:54:58,872 --> 03:54:59,872
would also be like windows i know we
44151
03:55:00,640 --> 03:55:01,640
haven't talked a whole lot about that
44152
03:55:02,872 --> 03:55:03,872
but
44153
03:55:03,760 --> 03:55:04,760
uh because it's not really covered on
44154
03:55:05,360 --> 03:55:06,360
the exam to a great extent but linux is
44155
03:55:08,400 --> 03:55:09,400
an open source
44156
03:55:10,000 --> 03:55:11,000
um
44157
03:55:10,872 --> 03:55:11,872
free to download free to modify if you
44158
03:55:13,040 --> 03:55:14,040
know what you're doing operating system
44159
03:55:14,720 --> 03:55:15,720
windows is closed source meaning
44160
03:55:16,400 --> 03:55:17,400
microsoft does all the upgrades they
44161
03:55:18,080 --> 03:55:19,080
modify stuff and if you want to have
44162
03:55:20,160 --> 03:55:21,160
access to it
44163
03:55:21,512 --> 03:55:22,512
you basically have to contact them
44164
03:55:24,160 --> 03:55:25,160
so let's first start by talking about
44165
03:55:26,080 --> 03:55:27,080
android android is this open source and
44166
03:55:28,552 --> 03:55:29,552
it's actually based on linux which is
44167
03:55:30,320 --> 03:55:31,320
the reason it has to be open source
44168
03:55:32,160 --> 03:55:33,160
operating system and it's basically
44169
03:55:33,912 --> 03:55:34,912
released commissioned by google um
44170
03:55:37,192 --> 03:55:38,192
google they commissioned the android
44171
03:55:39,360 --> 03:55:40,360
open source project which was
44172
03:55:41,440 --> 03:55:42,440
specifically made to release this and
44173
03:55:43,120 --> 03:55:44,120
then to further maintain and develop it
44174
03:55:45,680 --> 03:55:46,680
so
44175
03:55:46,400 --> 03:55:47,400
google whose motto is do no evil have
44176
03:55:49,280 --> 03:55:50,280
really been at the forefront of this and
44177
03:55:50,552 --> 03:55:51,552
they're the ones who are trying to
44178
03:55:54,552 --> 03:55:55,552
change the way we deal with
44179
03:55:57,440 --> 03:55:58,440
mobile operating systems and so on of
44180
03:56:00,000 --> 03:56:01,000
course the issue with people who say
44181
03:56:02,232 --> 03:56:03,232
things are open source means that anyone
44182
03:56:03,912 --> 03:56:04,912
can get access to stuff including
44183
03:56:05,912 --> 03:56:06,912
nefarious folks like hackers black hats
44184
03:56:08,320 --> 03:56:09,320
and also the other problem is that
44185
03:56:10,000 --> 03:56:11,000
because it's open source and because
44186
03:56:11,680 --> 03:56:12,680
anyone can have access to it
44187
03:56:13,552 --> 03:56:14,552
interoperability in a specific sort of
44188
03:56:15,832 --> 03:56:16,832
environment may not be as use as good or
44189
03:56:18,160 --> 03:56:19,160
useful which is why apple subscribes to
44190
03:56:21,440 --> 03:56:22,440
ios
44191
03:56:23,512 --> 03:56:24,512
there are different version names and
44192
03:56:25,912 --> 03:56:26,912
each name is given a
44193
03:56:28,960 --> 03:56:29,960
tasty
44194
03:56:30,320 --> 03:56:31,320
sort of name it's not given a number so
44195
03:56:32,000 --> 03:56:33,000
this number would have a name equivalent
44196
03:56:34,080 --> 03:56:35,080
so if you see cupcake gingerbread
44197
03:56:35,760 --> 03:56:36,760
honeycomb ice cream sandwich etc and you
44198
03:56:38,232 --> 03:56:39,232
can go and search these on the um
44199
03:56:42,080 --> 03:56:43,080
on the internet as well
44200
03:56:44,232 --> 03:56:45,232
you will get uh information about these
44201
03:56:47,192 --> 03:56:48,192
um
44202
03:56:48,080 --> 03:56:49,080
to identify the version on these you go
44203
03:56:50,480 --> 03:56:51,480
to menu settings and about the phone and
44204
03:56:53,360 --> 03:56:54,360
brings you to something like this screen
44205
03:56:55,832 --> 03:56:56,832
and then you can see what version you're
44206
03:56:57,280 --> 03:56:58,280
running you could always google the
44207
03:56:58,960 --> 03:56:59,960
version and get
44208
03:57:00,800 --> 03:57:01,800
the name equivalent
44209
03:57:02,480 --> 03:57:03,480
one thing i just want to point out it's
44210
03:57:03,832 --> 03:57:04,832
difficult at this point to
44211
03:57:06,640 --> 03:57:07,640
sort of uh screencast mobile devices so
44212
03:57:09,360 --> 03:57:10,360
a lot of what we're going to be looking
44213
03:57:10,480 --> 03:57:11,480
at are these screen captures that i have
44214
03:57:14,552 --> 03:57:15,552
so let's talk about ios a different
44215
03:57:16,552 --> 03:57:17,552
operating system it is a closed source
44216
03:57:19,280 --> 03:57:20,280
but unix-based operating system found on
44217
03:57:21,512 --> 03:57:22,512
iphones ipads i touches etc it is based
44218
03:57:25,440 --> 03:57:26,440
by the way on the
44219
03:57:27,360 --> 03:57:28,360
apple operating system mac os x and they
44220
03:57:30,872 --> 03:57:31,872
have integrated them more and more as
44221
03:57:32,552 --> 03:57:33,552
they've been released only apple
44222
03:57:34,552 --> 03:57:35,552
hardware uses this operating system so
44223
03:57:36,552 --> 03:57:37,552
if i had an android device that i
44224
03:57:38,552 --> 03:57:39,552
purchased i could not install ios on it
44225
03:57:42,720 --> 03:57:43,720
to create an application there for a
44226
03:57:44,960 --> 03:57:45,960
developer has to download a special
44227
03:57:46,872 --> 03:57:47,872
software development kit which is also
44228
03:57:48,872 --> 03:57:49,872
known as an sdk and you have to pay
44229
03:57:51,120 --> 03:57:52,120
apple to go live with it this is very
44230
03:57:52,800 --> 03:57:53,800
different from android where you can
44231
03:57:55,040 --> 03:57:56,040
basically download the entire android
44232
03:57:56,872 --> 03:57:57,872
operating system and
44233
03:57:58,872 --> 03:57:59,872
get access to it dissect it and figure
44234
03:58:01,360 --> 03:58:02,360
out how to build an application for it
44235
03:58:03,120 --> 03:58:04,120
so for this you actually have to go to
44236
03:58:04,480 --> 03:58:05,480
apple and say hey i want to develop
44237
03:58:05,912 --> 03:58:06,912
software for you can i please have a
44238
03:58:07,440 --> 03:58:08,440
software development kit they'll say
44239
03:58:09,120 --> 03:58:10,120
sure and then when you want to post your
44240
03:58:10,720 --> 03:58:11,720
application they're going to make you
44241
03:58:11,912 --> 03:58:12,912
pay for it
44242
03:58:16,160 --> 03:58:17,160
the ios is given different numbers we're
44243
03:58:18,400 --> 03:58:19,400
currently i think on version 6.1 or 6.11
44244
03:58:22,320 --> 03:58:23,320
or 6.2 or something around there i know
44245
03:58:24,640 --> 03:58:25,640
a release was just released the other
44246
03:58:26,160 --> 03:58:27,160
day they don't have names which is
44247
03:58:27,912 --> 03:58:28,912
ironic considering the fact that uh mac
44248
03:58:30,960 --> 03:58:31,960
os x is given names like uh cat names
44249
03:58:33,680 --> 03:58:34,680
like lion mountain leopard uh snow
44250
03:58:36,400 --> 03:58:37,400
leopard etc um to identify the version
44251
03:58:39,440 --> 03:58:40,440
on this one same sort of thing we're
44252
03:58:41,120 --> 03:58:42,120
going to go to settings general which
44253
03:58:43,360 --> 03:58:44,360
you can see here and then about or about
44254
03:58:45,680 --> 03:58:46,680
this phone and that'll take you and you
44255
03:58:47,280 --> 03:58:48,280
can see right here the version the
44256
03:58:48,960 --> 03:58:49,960
carrier model number serial number etc
44257
03:58:52,000 --> 03:58:53,000
etc
44258
03:58:54,400 --> 03:58:55,400
now installing apps and i want to point
44259
03:58:56,400 --> 03:58:57,400
out that we're dealing with apps here
44260
03:58:58,080 --> 03:58:59,080
not applications an application is that
44261
03:59:00,552 --> 03:59:01,552
full piece of software going on to a
44262
03:59:02,552 --> 03:59:03,552
desktop computer generally speaking when
44263
03:59:04,720 --> 03:59:05,720
we're talking about mobile devices we're
44264
03:59:07,040 --> 03:59:08,040
referring to apps so they're slightly
44265
03:59:09,600 --> 03:59:10,600
smaller in both cases uh at least
44266
03:59:13,120 --> 03:59:14,120
nowadays maybe not in the past but
44267
03:59:15,120 --> 03:59:16,120
certainly now you can install new apps
44268
03:59:17,360 --> 03:59:18,360
to your device directly on the device
44269
03:59:19,912 --> 03:59:20,912
itself generally by going to uh an app
44270
03:59:22,960 --> 03:59:23,960
store or a market android has the market
44271
03:59:25,832 --> 03:59:26,832
apple has the app store you're going to
44272
03:59:27,512 --> 03:59:28,512
want to remember the difference here
44273
03:59:28,872 --> 03:59:29,872
okay android market or the apple app
44274
03:59:31,192 --> 03:59:32,192
store because that will pop up on the
44275
03:59:33,120 --> 03:59:34,120
test i've seen it
44276
03:59:35,512 --> 03:59:36,512
if the mobile device is connected to a
44277
03:59:38,000 --> 03:59:39,000
computer you can also browse the apps on
44278
03:59:41,512 --> 03:59:42,512
itunes or on the google play website
44279
03:59:44,000 --> 03:59:45,000
google play
44280
03:59:45,280 --> 03:59:46,280
is
44281
03:59:46,232 --> 03:59:47,232
apple's sorry android sort of uh online
44282
03:59:49,192 --> 03:59:50,192
presence itunes is the software that
44283
03:59:52,320 --> 03:59:53,320
apple requires you to have in order to
44284
03:59:54,400 --> 03:59:55,400
sync things back and forth between your
44285
03:59:55,912 --> 03:59:56,912
computer so it's important to know that
44286
03:59:58,160 --> 03:59:59,160
if you're on your computer you can go to
44287
03:59:59,760 --> 04:00:00,760
either of these
44288
04:00:01,360 --> 04:00:02,360
there is an app store on a mac os x
44289
04:00:04,320 --> 04:00:05,320
operating system the computer-based
44290
04:00:05,832 --> 04:00:06,832
operating system but it does not have
44291
04:00:07,360 --> 04:00:08,360
anything to do with the ipad and iphone
44292
04:00:09,440 --> 04:00:10,440
per se so you could theoretically go to
44293
04:00:11,912 --> 04:00:12,912
the google play website you could browse
44294
04:00:14,000 --> 04:00:15,000
you could press download and thanks to
44295
04:00:16,232 --> 04:00:17,232
syncing
44296
04:00:17,280 --> 04:00:18,280
which we will talk about a little bit
44297
04:00:18,552 --> 04:00:19,552
more you could sync of the device
44298
04:00:20,640 --> 04:00:21,640
automatically with or without plugging
44299
04:00:22,552 --> 04:00:23,552
it in depending on how you have things
44300
04:00:24,640 --> 04:00:25,640
modified
44301
04:00:27,280 --> 04:00:28,280
now there are some apps that require you
44302
04:00:30,080 --> 04:00:31,080
to hack uh in the good sense or the bad
44303
04:00:33,040 --> 04:00:34,040
sense depending on your on your uh
44304
04:00:36,400 --> 04:00:37,400
perception the operating system to gain
44305
04:00:38,720 --> 04:00:39,720
what are called super user or root
44306
04:00:40,960 --> 04:00:41,960
privileges you can see that right here
44307
04:00:42,960 --> 04:00:43,960
root privileges in the android world
44308
04:00:45,600 --> 04:00:46,600
this is called rooting the phone and in
44309
04:00:48,000 --> 04:00:49,000
the ios or apple world this is called
44310
04:00:50,232 --> 04:00:51,232
jailbreaking the phone uh so
44311
04:00:52,720 --> 04:00:53,720
because the operating system is
44312
04:00:54,872 --> 04:00:55,872
controlled to an extent and because
44313
04:00:56,960 --> 04:00:57,960
they're doing deals with you know uh
44314
04:00:59,120 --> 04:01:00,120
wireless carriers like verizon att
44315
04:01:01,360 --> 04:01:02,360
sprint and so on uh they want to
44316
04:01:03,512 --> 04:01:04,512
maintain a certain level of
44317
04:01:05,600 --> 04:01:06,600
conformity between uh all of their apps
44318
04:01:08,800 --> 04:01:09,800
and they also want to sort of restrict
44319
04:01:10,400 --> 04:01:11,400
certain apps from getting on to their
44320
04:01:12,000 --> 04:01:13,000
system
44321
04:01:13,040 --> 04:01:14,040
so if you jailbreak or root the phone
44322
04:01:16,160 --> 04:01:17,160
you can actually get access to things
44323
04:01:17,600 --> 04:01:18,600
you would not have access to through the
44324
04:01:19,120 --> 04:01:20,120
regular google play website and so on
44325
04:01:21,192 --> 04:01:22,192
however this may void the warranty if
44326
04:01:23,600 --> 04:01:24,600
you do it so you want to watch out
44327
04:01:25,192 --> 04:01:26,192
before you start
44328
04:01:26,480 --> 04:01:27,480
rooting or jailbreaking a phone that
44329
04:01:28,232 --> 04:01:29,232
being said
44330
04:01:29,680 --> 04:01:30,680
you could always
44331
04:01:31,512 --> 04:01:32,512
hard reset which will talk about the
44332
04:01:33,360 --> 04:01:34,360
phone into its factory settings and
44333
04:01:35,280 --> 04:01:36,280
because you're only making changes to
44334
04:01:36,872 --> 04:01:37,872
the software not to the um to the
44335
04:01:41,192 --> 04:01:42,192
hardware then you you could actually
44336
04:01:44,000 --> 04:01:45,000
sort of erase the damage you've done and
44337
04:01:45,832 --> 04:01:46,832
no one would know the difference
44338
04:01:47,680 --> 04:01:48,680
so let's talk about screen configuration
44339
04:01:49,512 --> 04:01:50,512
real quickly if the user turns the
44340
04:01:51,760 --> 04:01:52,760
device uh the display is going to rotate
44341
04:01:54,960 --> 04:01:55,960
automatically
44342
04:01:56,400 --> 04:01:57,400
and a user can lock the display so
44343
04:01:59,440 --> 04:02:00,440
there's no automatic rotation and that's
44344
04:02:01,760 --> 04:02:02,760
what i'm demonstrating right here if you
44345
04:02:03,912 --> 04:02:04,912
double click the home button and on the
44346
04:02:06,872 --> 04:02:07,872
iphone which is that button right down
44347
04:02:08,720 --> 04:02:09,720
at the bottom and you uh that'll bring
44348
04:02:11,120 --> 04:02:12,120
up a sort of multitasking window you
44349
04:02:13,440 --> 04:02:14,440
swipe that to the left and here you have
44350
04:02:15,760 --> 04:02:16,760
a thing that allows you to lock the
44351
04:02:17,360 --> 04:02:18,360
screen in place so it will not rotate
44352
04:02:19,912 --> 04:02:20,912
automatically this is also available on
44353
04:02:22,160 --> 04:02:23,160
android as well
44354
04:02:23,912 --> 04:02:24,912
and you might want to do this say if
44355
04:02:25,192 --> 04:02:26,192
you're reading a book or you're working
44356
04:02:26,400 --> 04:02:27,400
on a document or even a picture and you
44357
04:02:28,000 --> 04:02:29,000
want to be able to turn your device to
44358
04:02:29,360 --> 04:02:30,360
get better access to things
44359
04:02:32,160 --> 04:02:33,160
in android this is in the settings
44360
04:02:34,160 --> 04:02:35,160
display area so you go to settings
44361
04:02:36,872 --> 04:02:37,872
display and there's a option to
44362
04:02:38,552 --> 04:02:39,552
automatic rotate and in the iphone or
44363
04:02:40,872 --> 04:02:41,872
ipad or ios device you can double click
44364
04:02:43,512 --> 04:02:44,512
the home button and you can select uh if
44365
04:02:46,872 --> 04:02:47,872
you swipe to the left an option not to
44366
04:02:48,552 --> 04:02:49,552
rotate there's other ways to do this on
44367
04:02:50,232 --> 04:02:51,232
an ipad you can actually set the side
44368
04:02:52,400 --> 04:02:53,400
button which is used for mute on an
44369
04:02:54,320 --> 04:02:55,320
iphone uh to do this for you if you go
44370
04:02:57,040 --> 04:02:58,040
into the settings but the important
44371
04:02:58,320 --> 04:02:59,320
thing to know is there is a way to what
44372
04:02:59,912 --> 04:03:00,912
we call lock rotation so that the uh
44373
04:03:03,680 --> 04:03:04,680
phone and the screen
44374
04:03:05,280 --> 04:03:06,280
or the tablet won't rotate when you turn
44375
04:03:07,192 --> 04:03:08,192
it
44376
04:03:09,280 --> 04:03:10,280
so let's look at this thing called the
44377
04:03:10,552 --> 04:03:11,552
accelerometer and the gyroscope which
44378
04:03:12,232 --> 04:03:13,232
actually make this possible by the way
44379
04:03:13,912 --> 04:03:14,912
these are animations it'd be difficult
44380
04:03:15,760 --> 04:03:16,760
obviously to find the actual device but
44381
04:03:18,232 --> 04:03:19,232
this is what we call an accelerometer
44382
04:03:20,552 --> 04:03:21,552
and this which you might have seen if
44383
04:03:22,232 --> 04:03:23,232
you have a child or when you were a
44384
04:03:23,760 --> 04:03:24,760
child uh is called a gyroscope the
44385
04:03:26,320 --> 04:03:27,320
accelerometer uh detects the rotation
44386
04:03:29,192 --> 04:03:30,192
and shaking of the device so that's what
44387
04:03:30,960 --> 04:03:31,960
is uh responsible for the automatic
44388
04:03:33,912 --> 04:03:34,912
adjustment of the portrait to landscape
44389
04:03:35,600 --> 04:03:36,600
what we just talked about with locking
44390
04:03:36,960 --> 04:03:37,960
the rotation that is something a result
44391
04:03:39,360 --> 04:03:40,360
of the accelerometer after
44392
04:03:42,400 --> 04:03:43,400
into the device's life a few years they
44393
04:03:45,192 --> 04:03:46,192
added something called a gyroscope
44394
04:03:47,512 --> 04:03:48,512
which adds pitch roll and yaw you can
44395
04:03:49,760 --> 04:03:50,760
see this thing sort of uh is only
44396
04:03:52,400 --> 04:03:53,400
working on three different axes the x y
44397
04:03:54,552 --> 04:03:55,552
and z axis right this thing sort of also
44398
04:03:57,360 --> 04:03:58,360
works on those but you can notice how
44399
04:03:59,512 --> 04:04:00,512
everything can spin in this way it's
44400
04:04:02,320 --> 04:04:03,320
really sort of three dimensions uh in a
44401
04:04:04,872 --> 04:04:05,872
much more
44402
04:04:06,320 --> 04:04:07,320
full way than the accelerometer is and
44403
04:04:08,800 --> 04:04:09,800
by the way these are just animations so
44404
04:04:11,512 --> 04:04:12,512
don't get crazy about trying to figure
44405
04:04:13,440 --> 04:04:14,440
out how they work but the important
44406
04:04:14,800 --> 04:04:15,800
thing for the the gyroscope is it like a
44407
04:04:16,800 --> 04:04:17,800
plane can start to um
44408
04:04:20,000 --> 04:04:21,000
notice all the different configurations
44409
04:04:22,080 --> 04:04:23,080
of the phone and this is going to be
44410
04:04:23,280 --> 04:04:24,280
used for like if you're playing games so
44411
04:04:25,600 --> 04:04:26,600
uh i'm playing a game and i can tip my
44412
04:04:28,552 --> 04:04:29,552
phone one way and the i can you know
44413
04:04:30,872 --> 04:04:31,872
make the
44414
04:04:32,320 --> 04:04:33,320
airplane on the thing i'm doing kind of
44415
04:04:34,320 --> 04:04:35,320
roll as well uh whereas the
44416
04:04:36,232 --> 04:04:37,232
accelerometer does most of the basic
44417
04:04:38,320 --> 04:04:39,320
stuff that most of us would need the
44418
04:04:40,160 --> 04:04:41,160
gyroscope is going to add all that extra
44419
04:04:42,080 --> 04:04:43,080
cool stuff to it
44420
04:04:44,552 --> 04:04:45,552
now when we talk about calibration
44421
04:04:46,480 --> 04:04:47,480
remember we did talk about calibration
44422
04:04:48,160 --> 04:04:49,160
we're talking about any sort of touch
44423
04:04:49,680 --> 04:04:50,680
screen devices we're using styluses but
44424
04:04:52,080 --> 04:04:53,080
android devices actually have a screen
44425
04:04:54,232 --> 04:04:55,232
calibration utility it's called g sensor
44426
04:04:57,280 --> 04:04:58,280
and um
44427
04:04:58,640 --> 04:04:59,640
it allows you to calibrate the device so
44428
04:05:01,120 --> 04:05:02,120
it knows uh base you're calibrating the
44429
04:05:03,120 --> 04:05:04,120
accelerometer so it knows when it is
44430
04:05:05,512 --> 04:05:06,512
sitting flat on a table uh and then it
44431
04:05:08,160 --> 04:05:09,160
can sort of
44432
04:05:10,480 --> 04:05:11,480
adjust from there it's found in the
44433
04:05:12,480 --> 04:05:13,480
settings and display area
44434
04:05:14,480 --> 04:05:15,480
it might not be necessary to use but it
44435
04:05:16,320 --> 04:05:17,320
is included on android iphones do not
44436
04:05:18,400 --> 04:05:19,400
have anything like that so it basically
44437
04:05:20,552 --> 04:05:21,552
is going to ensure that the three axes
44438
04:05:22,080 --> 04:05:23,080
the x y and z axes are all calibrated
44439
04:05:24,080 --> 04:05:25,080
properly so you want to make sure it is
44440
04:05:25,832 --> 04:05:26,832
on a flat
44441
04:05:27,040 --> 04:05:28,040
table
44442
04:05:28,552 --> 04:05:29,552
when you do the calibration it is only
44443
04:05:31,192 --> 04:05:32,192
available on android devices and this is
44444
04:05:32,960 --> 04:05:33,960
important it's not on apple apple has no
44445
04:05:34,872 --> 04:05:35,872
sort of built-in calibration utility you
44446
04:05:37,120 --> 04:05:38,120
might be able to find a third-party one
44447
04:05:38,872 --> 04:05:39,872
but i doubt you need it i don't know why
44448
04:05:40,800 --> 04:05:41,800
they need it and the other doesn't
44449
04:05:42,872 --> 04:05:43,872
but it is
44450
04:05:44,160 --> 04:05:45,160
if you're having trouble the phone
44451
04:05:45,912 --> 04:05:46,912
thinks that it's always being turned
44452
04:05:48,000 --> 04:05:49,000
when it's not you might want to go and
44453
04:05:49,512 --> 04:05:50,512
calibrate it
44454
04:05:52,160 --> 04:05:53,160
well let's talk about resetting a device
44455
04:05:54,552 --> 04:05:55,552
a soft reset what we call a soft reset
44456
04:05:57,192 --> 04:05:58,192
is powering the device off and then
44457
04:05:58,552 --> 04:05:59,552
powering it off uh powering it back on
44458
04:06:00,480 --> 04:06:01,480
again
44459
04:06:01,440 --> 04:06:02,440
this is the same as when we've talked
44460
04:06:03,280 --> 04:06:04,280
about uh power cycling a device uh this
44461
04:06:06,960 --> 04:06:07,960
is what we're talking about it's a soft
44462
04:06:09,040 --> 04:06:10,040
reset so basically we hit the reset
44463
04:06:11,512 --> 04:06:12,512
button we hear we hit the um we turn it
44464
04:06:13,832 --> 04:06:14,832
off we turn it back on we unplug uh the
44465
04:06:16,480 --> 04:06:17,480
power from our soho router and then plug
44466
04:06:18,720 --> 04:06:19,720
it back in either way in both types of
44467
04:06:21,192 --> 04:06:22,192
phones the way to do this is to press
44468
04:06:23,040 --> 04:06:24,040
and hold the power button uh in the
44469
04:06:25,512 --> 04:06:26,512
iphone the power button is located here
44470
04:06:28,232 --> 04:06:29,232
in some cases on android it's located up
44471
04:06:30,400 --> 04:06:31,400
on the top left it could change
44472
04:06:32,000 --> 04:06:33,000
depending on the device again with
44473
04:06:34,320 --> 04:06:35,320
android devices it's harder and i should
44474
04:06:36,960 --> 04:06:37,960
have said this at the get-go but
44475
04:06:38,640 --> 04:06:39,640
a lot of the examples for android
44476
04:06:40,232 --> 04:06:41,232
devices that we're going to throw out in
44477
04:06:41,600 --> 04:06:42,600
a lot of the ways that we say of getting
44478
04:06:43,192 --> 04:06:44,192
to things that might be on one
44479
04:06:44,960 --> 04:06:45,960
particular version of the android device
44480
04:06:47,192 --> 04:06:48,192
if you're buying a different type of
44481
04:06:48,640 --> 04:06:49,640
phone htc samsung whatever
44482
04:06:51,760 --> 04:06:52,760
um
44483
04:06:52,720 --> 04:06:53,720
you're gonna have different
44484
04:06:54,640 --> 04:06:55,640
settings and it could have different
44485
04:06:56,232 --> 04:06:57,232
buttons and stuff because there is no
44486
04:06:58,000 --> 04:06:59,000
conformity among all of the devices
44487
04:06:59,832 --> 04:07:00,832
again it is an open source operating
44488
04:07:01,600 --> 04:07:02,600
system with apple they control
44489
04:07:03,280 --> 04:07:04,280
everything so you're always going to
44490
04:07:04,232 --> 04:07:05,232
have the same sort of thing okay so you
44491
04:07:06,480 --> 04:07:07,480
can press uh the power button and then
44492
04:07:08,552 --> 04:07:09,552
what happens is you have
44493
04:07:10,320 --> 04:07:11,320
on the iphone and on the uh android as
44494
04:07:13,040 --> 04:07:14,040
well you have a thing that says slide to
44495
04:07:14,552 --> 04:07:15,552
power down you take your finger you
44496
04:07:16,552 --> 04:07:17,552
slide the object to the right and then
44497
04:07:18,080 --> 04:07:19,080
the thing powers down you press the
44498
04:07:19,760 --> 04:07:20,760
power button again and it turns back on
44499
04:07:21,600 --> 04:07:22,600
so that's how you would do a soft reset
44500
04:07:24,400 --> 04:07:25,400
for a hard reset this returns the device
44501
04:07:27,280 --> 04:07:28,280
to its factory state and the danger here
44502
04:07:29,600 --> 04:07:30,600
is it's going to remove all the data all
44503
04:07:31,192 --> 04:07:32,192
the applications you've installed so
44504
04:07:32,720 --> 04:07:33,720
it's important to back up before you do
44505
04:07:34,640 --> 04:07:35,640
a hard reset why would you want to do a
44506
04:07:36,640 --> 04:07:37,640
hard reset well let's say you're having
44507
04:07:38,160 --> 04:07:39,160
a lot of bugs you're having a lot of
44508
04:07:39,192 --> 04:07:40,192
problems something has become corrupted
44509
04:07:41,440 --> 04:07:42,440
uh you're having some weird errors you
44510
04:07:43,360 --> 04:07:44,360
can do a hard reset it takes all the
44511
04:07:45,120 --> 04:07:46,120
software out and puts the new the
44512
04:07:47,120 --> 04:07:48,120
software back on clean and there
44513
04:07:48,960 --> 04:07:49,960
therefore you can sort of determine if
44514
04:07:50,320 --> 04:07:51,320
you're having a hardware problem or a
44515
04:07:51,680 --> 04:07:52,680
software problem
44516
04:07:53,192 --> 04:07:54,192
in the iphone you'll find the reset
44517
04:07:55,280 --> 04:07:56,280
option in settings general and then
44518
04:07:57,912 --> 04:07:58,912
there is something called reset and you
44519
04:07:59,600 --> 04:08:00,600
can see for instance here reset all
44520
04:08:01,680 --> 04:08:02,680
settings erase all content and settings
44521
04:08:04,320 --> 04:08:05,320
you have several different uh options
44522
04:08:06,872 --> 04:08:07,872
here uh what you want to reset
44523
04:08:10,320 --> 04:08:11,320
on the android you're gonna find it in
44524
04:08:12,552 --> 04:08:13,552
the privacy area uh at least on the
44525
04:08:15,360 --> 04:08:16,360
current version uh that could be
44526
04:08:17,120 --> 04:08:18,120
changing but right here you would hit
44527
04:08:19,280 --> 04:08:20,280
settings go to privacy and then you'll
44528
04:08:20,960 --> 04:08:21,960
have a reset option
44529
04:08:24,480 --> 04:08:25,480
all right
44530
04:08:25,360 --> 04:08:26,360
so now we've discussed mobile hardware
44531
04:08:28,640 --> 04:08:29,640
uh and remember the arm processor was
44532
04:08:31,600 --> 04:08:32,600
sort of a big one um
44533
04:08:35,192 --> 04:08:36,192
and everything of course
44534
04:08:37,120 --> 04:08:38,120
is flash memory or solid state
44535
04:08:41,120 --> 04:08:42,120
we also talked about the two mobile
44536
04:08:42,960 --> 04:08:43,960
operating systems the major ones android
44537
04:08:45,680 --> 04:08:46,680
is the first one it is open source and
44538
04:08:48,232 --> 04:08:49,232
it is google
44539
04:08:50,000 --> 04:08:51,000
sort of derived derived
44540
04:08:53,040 --> 04:08:54,040
uh and then ios which is closed source
44541
04:08:56,400 --> 04:08:57,400
or vendor specific and it is apple's
44542
04:09:00,000 --> 04:09:01,000
domain
44543
04:09:01,360 --> 04:09:02,360
we looked at installing apps for
44544
04:09:03,120 --> 04:09:04,120
installing apps for google we're either
44545
04:09:05,280 --> 04:09:06,280
going to use the android market
44546
04:09:07,680 --> 04:09:08,680
or we can use google play
44547
04:09:11,360 --> 04:09:12,360
with apple we're looking at either the
44548
04:09:13,600 --> 04:09:14,600
app store
44549
04:09:15,912 --> 04:09:16,912
or
44550
04:09:16,800 --> 04:09:17,800
going to itunes to the app store
44551
04:09:20,480 --> 04:09:21,480
we looked at screen configuration the
44552
04:09:22,640 --> 04:09:23,640
fact that we have something called lock
44553
04:09:24,480 --> 04:09:25,480
rotation so that the phone or the device
44554
04:09:26,960 --> 04:09:27,960
or the mobile tablet does not
44555
04:09:28,640 --> 04:09:29,640
automatically rotate uh
44556
04:09:31,280 --> 04:09:32,280
the way we know rotation is the
44557
04:09:32,872 --> 04:09:33,872
accelerometer does the x y and z axis
44558
04:09:36,480 --> 04:09:37,480
the gyroscope is what is um responsible
44559
04:09:39,440 --> 04:09:40,440
for
44560
04:09:40,232 --> 04:09:41,232
uh pitch roll
44561
04:09:42,320 --> 04:09:43,320
yaw etc these are all sort of those
44562
04:09:45,120 --> 04:09:46,120
airplane terms and this is really going
44563
04:09:47,360 --> 04:09:48,360
to be used more for gaming rather than
44564
04:09:49,120 --> 04:09:50,120
simple rotation
44565
04:09:51,440 --> 04:09:52,440
we also looked at calibration only
44566
04:09:53,192 --> 04:09:54,192
available on an android phone and again
44567
04:09:56,232 --> 04:09:57,232
it is called a g sensor
44568
04:09:59,512 --> 04:10:00,512
finally we looked at resetting that
44569
04:10:01,360 --> 04:10:02,360
includes a soft reset or a hard reset
44570
04:10:05,760 --> 04:10:06,760
remember soft reset is just power
44571
04:10:08,480 --> 04:10:09,480
cycling
44572
04:10:12,720 --> 04:10:13,720
and a hard reset is returning to the
44573
04:10:16,232 --> 04:10:17,232
factory settings
44574
04:10:19,912 --> 04:10:20,912
great so now that we've discussed all of
44575
04:10:21,832 --> 04:10:22,832
this about uh our operating systems our
44576
04:10:24,960 --> 04:10:25,960
hardware let's get into talking more
44577
04:10:26,800 --> 04:10:27,800
about the specifics of the software how
44578
04:10:28,552 --> 04:10:29,552
we use it networking and so on
44579
04:10:33,850 --> 04:10:34,850
[Music]
44580
04:10:49,832 --> 04:10:50,832
welcome to module 21 lesson 1a mobile
44581
04:10:52,872 --> 04:10:53,872
hardware and operating systems part one
44582
04:10:57,192 --> 04:10:58,192
look at wi-fi calling the launcher or
44583
04:10:59,600 --> 04:11:00,600
the gui
44584
04:11:01,192 --> 04:11:02,192
virtual assistants sdk
44585
04:11:03,912 --> 04:11:04,912
apk
44586
04:11:05,680 --> 04:11:06,680
wireless emergency alerts mobile payment
44587
04:11:08,640 --> 04:11:09,640
service
44588
04:11:10,480 --> 04:11:11,480
wi-fi call in is a service that allows
44589
04:11:12,400 --> 04:11:13,400
you to make phone calls
44590
04:11:14,720 --> 04:11:15,720
from your smartphone over a wi-fi
44591
04:11:16,640 --> 04:11:17,640
connection
44592
04:11:18,000 --> 04:11:19,000
this is when you can't get usual
44593
04:11:20,552 --> 04:11:21,552
uh cell coverage or it's just a poor
44594
04:11:23,512 --> 04:11:24,512
signal not enough to make a call so
44595
04:11:25,760 --> 04:11:26,760
instead of using the cell towers wi-fi
44596
04:11:27,680 --> 04:11:28,680
call-in uses the internet to connect to
44597
04:11:30,872 --> 04:11:31,872
your call carriers network
44598
04:11:34,080 --> 04:11:35,080
you should have a wi-fi call in on your
44599
04:11:36,232 --> 04:11:37,232
phone turned on as long as it supports
44600
04:11:38,080 --> 04:11:39,080
it obviously and your carrier needs to
44601
04:11:40,160 --> 04:11:41,160
support this service you need to check
44602
04:11:42,800 --> 04:11:43,800
that your carrier does and obviously
44603
04:11:44,232 --> 04:11:45,232
depends where in the world you are and
44604
04:11:46,000 --> 04:11:47,000
um your location remotely
44605
04:11:49,600 --> 04:11:50,600
and the launcher or gui the gui stands
44606
04:11:52,000 --> 04:11:53,000
for graphical user interface they're
44607
04:11:54,232 --> 04:11:55,232
obviously used across multiple devices
44608
04:11:56,080 --> 04:11:57,080
now used to just be
44609
04:11:57,600 --> 04:11:58,600
pcs now you've got a whole bunch of
44610
04:12:00,000 --> 04:12:01,000
different mobile devices
44611
04:12:02,480 --> 04:12:03,480
mobile devices have the gui interfaces
44612
04:12:04,720 --> 04:12:05,720
that allow users to interact with the
44613
04:12:06,720 --> 04:12:07,720
device through graphical icons
44614
04:12:10,000 --> 04:12:11,000
obviously apple's a version of this the
44615
04:12:12,000 --> 04:12:13,000
ipad
44616
04:12:13,760 --> 04:12:14,760
for example the home screen you see on a
44617
04:12:15,512 --> 04:12:16,512
smartphone is a gui
44618
04:12:18,800 --> 04:12:19,800
launcher is the section of a mobile
44619
04:12:20,400 --> 04:12:21,400
device's home screen with graphical
44620
04:12:22,320 --> 04:12:23,320
icons you press on it and it will launch
44621
04:12:25,192 --> 04:12:26,192
the application
44622
04:12:27,760 --> 04:12:28,760
the launcher shows the user the main
44623
04:12:29,512 --> 04:12:30,512
view of a mobile device
44624
04:12:32,320 --> 04:12:33,320
there are launcher apps that let you
44625
04:12:33,760 --> 04:12:34,760
change the look and feel of a home
44626
04:12:35,760 --> 04:12:36,760
screen
44627
04:12:38,872 --> 04:12:39,872
an example is an overlaunch ass launcher
44628
04:12:41,280 --> 04:12:42,280
app for android-based and mobile devices
44629
04:12:46,960 --> 04:12:47,960
moving on to virtual assistant virtual
44630
04:12:49,440 --> 04:12:50,440
assistants
44631
04:12:51,040 --> 04:12:52,040
the latest mobile operating systems come
44632
04:12:53,680 --> 04:12:54,680
with a computer program called a virtual
44633
04:12:55,512 --> 04:12:56,512
assistant that lets you speak to your
44634
04:12:57,912 --> 04:12:58,912
smartphone to complete tasks
44635
04:13:00,480 --> 04:13:01,480
um you could use this to make calls send
44636
04:13:02,640 --> 04:13:03,640
messages make notes set reminders and a
44637
04:13:04,720 --> 04:13:05,720
whole bunch of stuff popular versions
44638
04:13:07,192 --> 04:13:08,192
are apple siri google now microsoft
44639
04:13:09,760 --> 04:13:10,760
cortana
44640
04:13:12,872 --> 04:13:13,872
if you've got an iphone or ipod or ipod
44641
04:13:15,120 --> 04:13:16,120
you can use siri by holding down the
44642
04:13:16,552 --> 04:13:17,552
home button and siri into sirius what
44643
04:13:19,120 --> 04:13:20,120
can i help you with
44644
04:13:20,640 --> 04:13:21,640
or you can say hey siri to activate siri
44645
04:13:24,720 --> 04:13:25,720
google now on android devices
44646
04:13:27,280 --> 04:13:28,280
hold down the home button or you can say
44647
04:13:28,872 --> 04:13:29,872
ok google to activate the service
44648
04:13:33,040 --> 04:13:34,040
you can use cortana on windows mobile
44649
04:13:35,192 --> 04:13:36,192
devices by holding down the search
44650
04:13:37,192 --> 04:13:38,192
button or you can say hey cortana to
44651
04:13:39,912 --> 04:13:40,912
activate the service
44652
04:13:42,480 --> 04:13:43,480
sdk apk sdk stands for
44653
04:13:46,000 --> 04:13:47,000
software development kit
44654
04:13:47,832 --> 04:13:48,832
it's typically a typically a set of
44655
04:13:49,680 --> 04:13:50,680
software developer development tools for
44656
04:13:51,760 --> 04:13:52,760
developing applications
44657
04:13:54,080 --> 04:13:55,080
for a particular operating system
44658
04:13:56,640 --> 04:13:57,640
the development of ios apps require ios
44659
04:13:59,832 --> 04:14:00,832
sdk on the mac os
44660
04:14:03,040 --> 04:14:04,040
android app support development on linux
44661
04:14:05,832 --> 04:14:06,832
mac os x
44662
04:14:07,360 --> 04:14:08,360
10.58 or later and windows 7 or later
44663
04:14:10,800 --> 04:14:11,800
using android sdk
44664
04:14:14,080 --> 04:14:15,080
windows app development is supported on
44665
04:14:15,832 --> 04:14:16,832
8.1 and 10 using windows sdk
44666
04:14:20,800 --> 04:14:21,800
apk is android application package
44667
04:14:26,960 --> 04:14:27,960
apk is a package file form might used
44668
04:14:29,280 --> 04:14:30,280
for the distribution of apps for the
44669
04:14:31,192 --> 04:14:32,192
android operating system so this is how
44670
04:14:33,440 --> 04:14:34,440
you would have to eventually supply it
44671
04:14:34,960 --> 04:14:35,960
to um
44672
04:14:37,120 --> 04:14:38,120
android or whoever is distributing it
44673
04:14:39,680 --> 04:14:40,680
for you in order for them to provide it
44674
04:14:41,760 --> 04:14:42,760
to their users
44675
04:14:43,440 --> 04:14:44,440
i'm sure there's a whole other bunch of
44676
04:14:44,720 --> 04:14:45,720
security and other verification steps
44677
04:14:47,192 --> 04:14:48,192
you have to go through
44678
04:14:49,192 --> 04:14:50,192
wireless emergency alerts these weas are
44679
04:14:53,120 --> 04:14:54,120
sent by the us government in the form of
44680
04:14:54,960 --> 04:14:55,960
text messages to users
44681
04:14:57,040 --> 04:14:58,040
wa capable mobile devices
44682
04:15:00,480 --> 04:15:01,480
these are text messages that show up
44683
04:15:03,040 --> 04:15:04,040
with a unique audible signal and
44684
04:15:04,800 --> 04:15:05,800
vibration
44685
04:15:06,320 --> 04:15:07,320
purposes as a public safety system it
44686
04:15:08,872 --> 04:15:09,872
alerts
44687
04:15:10,000 --> 04:15:11,000
the american
44688
04:15:11,360 --> 04:15:12,360
people or whoever's using the phone as
44689
04:15:14,000 --> 04:15:15,000
soon as possible to intimate
44690
04:15:16,400 --> 04:15:17,400
imminent threats to their person or
44691
04:15:18,872 --> 04:15:19,872
their property
44692
04:15:20,400 --> 04:15:21,400
there are three kinds the presidential
44693
04:15:22,320 --> 04:15:23,320
alert obviously issued by the president
44694
04:15:24,720 --> 04:15:25,720
imminent threat this is imminent threat
44695
04:15:26,872 --> 04:15:27,872
to life or property from man-made
44696
04:15:29,192 --> 04:15:30,192
or natural disasters
44697
04:15:31,280 --> 04:15:32,280
amber alerts are
44698
04:15:33,280 --> 04:15:34,280
issued to help authorities search for
44699
04:15:35,512 --> 04:15:36,512
and locate an abducted child
44700
04:15:39,600 --> 04:15:40,600
you've also got now on many phones the
44701
04:15:42,080 --> 04:15:43,080
mobile payment service where you can use
44702
04:15:43,832 --> 04:15:44,832
your phone
44703
04:15:45,192 --> 04:15:46,192
to pay for goods or services
44704
04:15:49,512 --> 04:15:50,512
uh in the
44705
04:15:50,720 --> 04:15:51,720
sms based transactional payments you
44706
04:15:52,720 --> 04:15:53,720
make the payment by sending a text
44707
04:15:54,480 --> 04:15:55,480
message to a short code
44708
04:15:57,040 --> 04:15:58,040
direct direct carrier billing you pay
44709
04:15:59,120 --> 04:16:00,120
directly through your mobile phone bill
44710
04:16:01,680 --> 04:16:02,680
mobile web payments you make the payment
44711
04:16:04,400 --> 04:16:05,400
through an app installed on your phone
44712
04:16:08,232 --> 04:16:09,232
and near field communication you make
44713
04:16:10,080 --> 04:16:11,080
the payment by waiving your nfc equipped
44714
04:16:13,440 --> 04:16:14,440
phone
44715
04:16:14,720 --> 04:16:15,720
over a credit card terminal so where
44716
04:16:16,640 --> 04:16:17,640
you'd normally hold or
44717
04:16:19,040 --> 04:16:20,040
hold your credit card
44718
04:16:20,800 --> 04:16:21,800
you would hold your um
44719
04:16:22,872 --> 04:16:23,872
phone
44720
04:16:24,000 --> 04:16:25,000
depending on how you've set it up you
44721
04:16:26,232 --> 04:16:27,232
may need to add a password as well
44722
04:16:30,960 --> 04:16:31,960
so it's
44723
04:16:31,912 --> 04:16:32,912
processed in the same way as a
44724
04:16:33,192 --> 04:16:34,192
traditional credit card swipe
44725
04:16:35,760 --> 04:16:36,760
so we've covered wi-fi calling the
44726
04:16:37,512 --> 04:16:38,512
launcher gui
44727
04:16:39,192 --> 04:16:40,192
virtual assistants sdk apk
44728
04:16:42,800 --> 04:16:43,800
wireless emergency alerts mobile
44729
04:16:45,280 --> 04:16:46,280
payments
44730
04:16:47,040 --> 04:16:48,040
that's all for now thanks for watching
44731
04:16:53,250 --> 04:16:54,250
[Music]
44732
04:17:09,120 --> 04:17:10,120
welcome to module 21 lesson 1b
44733
04:17:12,080 --> 04:17:13,080
various types of mobile devices
44734
04:17:16,480 --> 04:17:17,480
now we're going to look at an
44735
04:17:17,360 --> 04:17:18,360
instruction to mobile devices tablets
44736
04:17:20,000 --> 04:17:21,000
smartphones
44737
04:17:21,440 --> 04:17:22,440
wearable technology it's all the rage
44738
04:17:23,760 --> 04:17:24,760
now
44739
04:17:24,720 --> 04:17:25,720
phablets
44740
04:17:25,912 --> 04:17:26,912
e-readers smart cameras
44741
04:17:28,480 --> 04:17:29,480
gps
44742
04:17:30,552 --> 04:17:31,552
alright so this is a new uh item on the
44743
04:17:33,192 --> 04:17:34,192
syllabus so just a general knowledge is
44744
04:17:36,080 --> 04:17:37,080
and required of these
44745
04:17:38,640 --> 04:17:39,640
mobile devices i'm sure you know already
44746
04:17:40,720 --> 04:17:41,720
unless you've been living in a cave
44747
04:17:42,640 --> 04:17:43,640
it's a small handheld computing device
44748
04:17:44,552 --> 04:17:45,552
that can easily be carried around
44749
04:17:47,512 --> 04:17:48,512
they have um
44750
04:17:49,192 --> 04:17:50,192
display screens if you need a keyboard a
44751
04:17:51,360 --> 04:17:52,360
miniature keyboard or a touchscreen
44752
04:17:53,280 --> 04:17:54,280
appears that provides a virtual keyboard
44753
04:17:57,760 --> 04:17:58,760
so tablet smartphones wearable
44754
04:18:00,160 --> 04:18:01,160
technology said all this
44755
04:18:04,552 --> 04:18:05,552
so the tablets uh provide commut
44756
04:18:07,832 --> 04:18:08,832
computation and reachability media
44757
04:18:09,832 --> 04:18:10,832
experience
44758
04:18:11,120 --> 04:18:12,120
so obviously it's not something you
44759
04:18:12,552 --> 04:18:13,552
would buy if you were going to write a
44760
04:18:14,400 --> 04:18:15,400
book but it gives you all of the
44761
04:18:16,872 --> 04:18:17,872
usability generally speaking via apps
44762
04:18:19,680 --> 04:18:20,680
and web browsers
44763
04:18:22,080 --> 04:18:23,080
tablet as a touch screen of seven inches
44764
04:18:24,000 --> 04:18:25,000
or larger were measured diagonally
44765
04:18:26,872 --> 04:18:27,872
they were in various operating systems
44766
04:18:28,640 --> 04:18:29,640
including android ios and windows
44767
04:18:33,680 --> 04:18:34,680
to interact with the tablet uh use the
44768
04:18:36,000 --> 04:18:37,000
recognition of finger or stylus gestures
44769
04:18:38,800 --> 04:18:39,800
on the touch screen display
44770
04:18:41,512 --> 04:18:42,512
tablets provide the um on screen virtual
44771
04:18:44,080 --> 04:18:45,080
keyboards actually seen people type
44772
04:18:46,480 --> 04:18:47,480
pretty quick on these but certainly not
44773
04:18:48,480 --> 04:18:49,480
my cup of tea
44774
04:18:50,232 --> 04:18:51,232
tablets can relapse and provide
44775
04:18:51,760 --> 04:18:52,760
productivity on the go and
44776
04:18:54,320 --> 04:18:55,320
they could often plug in via the cloud
44777
04:18:56,960 --> 04:18:57,960
to
44778
04:18:57,760 --> 04:18:58,760
business
44779
04:18:58,800 --> 04:18:59,800
servers or apps running off the cloud
44780
04:19:01,120 --> 04:19:02,120
for the business so you can all interact
44781
04:19:02,720 --> 04:19:03,720
on documents
44782
04:19:04,640 --> 04:19:05,640
uh business users can access data at
44783
04:19:07,120 --> 04:19:08,120
work track inventory or provide points
44784
04:19:09,600 --> 04:19:10,600
of sale apps
44785
04:19:11,192 --> 04:19:12,192
etc
44786
04:19:12,480 --> 04:19:13,480
smartphones a pocket-sized mobile device
44787
04:19:15,360 --> 04:19:16,360
functions as a digital camera
44788
04:19:18,552 --> 04:19:19,552
video camera media player gps calendar
44789
04:19:22,232 --> 04:19:23,232
whole bunch of stuff
44790
04:19:24,552 --> 04:19:25,552
they have a screen of between 2.45 and
44791
04:19:27,360 --> 04:19:28,360
5.5 when measured diagonally
44792
04:19:29,832 --> 04:19:30,832
they can run the same operating systems
44793
04:19:33,912 --> 04:19:34,912
smartphones use finger recognition or
44794
04:19:36,552 --> 04:19:37,552
stylus gestures on the touch screen
44795
04:19:38,400 --> 04:19:39,400
display
44796
04:19:39,912 --> 04:19:40,912
uh you get again you get an on-screen
44797
04:19:41,440 --> 04:19:42,440
virtual keyboard uh generally speaking
44798
04:19:43,512 --> 04:19:44,512
people seem to use their thumbs with
44799
04:19:45,512 --> 04:19:46,512
these though
44800
04:19:47,120 --> 04:19:48,120
wearable technology and these are worn
44801
04:19:49,440 --> 04:19:50,440
on your body generally speaking there's
44802
04:19:51,360 --> 04:19:52,360
a watch they can get
44803
04:19:53,280 --> 04:19:54,280
other areas like you can wear things on
44804
04:19:55,040 --> 04:19:56,040
your arm
44805
04:19:58,080 --> 04:19:59,080
smart watches fitness monitors glasses
44806
04:20:00,552 --> 04:20:01,552
and headsets
44807
04:20:02,320 --> 04:20:03,320
smartwatch can wirelessly communicate
44808
04:20:04,160 --> 04:20:05,160
with the tablet or smartphone allows you
44809
04:20:06,320 --> 04:20:07,320
to make and receive phone calls check
44810
04:20:08,080 --> 04:20:09,080
your emails and text messages
44811
04:20:11,280 --> 04:20:12,280
your fitness monitor keeps track of your
44812
04:20:13,120 --> 04:20:14,120
activity it can measure a heart rate and
44813
04:20:17,360 --> 04:20:18,360
possibly steps as well i think although
44814
04:20:19,512 --> 04:20:20,512
it's a
44815
04:20:20,720 --> 04:20:21,720
you normally wear a step counter on your
44816
04:20:22,480 --> 04:20:23,480
waist but i think it can and they can do
44817
04:20:24,320 --> 04:20:25,320
steps as well
44818
04:20:26,800 --> 04:20:27,800
glasses and head headsets mobile devices
44819
04:20:29,440 --> 04:20:30,440
that project the computer generated
44820
04:20:31,040 --> 04:20:32,040
image of your real world environment
44821
04:20:33,832 --> 04:20:34,832
they'll allow you to interact with your
44822
04:20:35,360 --> 04:20:36,360
surroundings
44823
04:20:36,720 --> 04:20:37,720
you can put virtual clothes on the dog
44824
04:20:38,400 --> 04:20:39,400
standing in front of you
44825
04:20:41,832 --> 04:20:42,832
phablet is a mobile device considered a
44826
04:20:44,320 --> 04:20:45,320
hybrid of a smartphone and a tablet
44827
04:20:48,160 --> 04:20:49,160
touchscreen of between 5.9 and 6.99
44828
04:20:51,600 --> 04:20:52,600
inches
44829
04:20:52,720 --> 04:20:53,720
when measured diagonally
44830
04:20:54,552 --> 04:20:55,552
they provide large screen experience of
44831
04:20:56,320 --> 04:20:57,320
a tablet with a functional functionality
44832
04:20:59,280 --> 04:21:00,280
and portability of a smartphone
44833
04:21:01,600 --> 04:21:02,600
there are operating systems such as
44834
04:21:03,440 --> 04:21:04,440
android ios and windows
44835
04:21:06,232 --> 04:21:07,232
you get intensive screen viewing
44836
04:21:08,000 --> 04:21:09,000
activities such as web browsing and
44837
04:21:09,912 --> 04:21:10,912
multimedia
44838
04:21:11,832 --> 04:21:12,832
e-readers
44839
04:21:13,192 --> 04:21:14,192
have been pushed quite heavily by
44840
04:21:15,360 --> 04:21:16,360
amazon among other companies
44841
04:21:18,080 --> 04:21:19,080
and meant for reading electronic books
44842
04:21:20,080 --> 04:21:21,080
and magazines
44843
04:21:22,160 --> 04:21:23,160
uh basically looks like you're actually
44844
04:21:24,000 --> 04:21:25,000
reading a book on the good ones or the
44845
04:21:26,080 --> 04:21:27,080
you can change the
44846
04:21:27,600 --> 04:21:28,600
font the font size is and highlight
44847
04:21:31,040 --> 04:21:32,040
different parts pull up dictionaries
44848
04:21:33,760 --> 04:21:34,760
and bookmark different pages and change
44849
04:21:36,080 --> 04:21:37,080
the background color and also have a
44850
04:21:38,800 --> 04:21:39,800
have it backlit
44851
04:21:42,720 --> 04:21:43,720
it tends to have a longer battery life
44852
04:21:44,552 --> 04:21:45,552
than other mobile devices because they
44853
04:21:46,160 --> 04:21:47,160
don't do anything else apart from
44854
04:21:47,440 --> 04:21:48,440
display text
44855
04:21:48,960 --> 04:21:49,960
you can access internet through wi-fi
44856
04:21:51,040 --> 04:21:52,040
and cellular networks
44857
04:21:54,960 --> 04:21:55,960
smart camera is just like a normal
44858
04:21:56,800 --> 04:21:57,800
digital camera but it comes with a video
44859
04:21:59,192 --> 04:22:00,192
recorder touch screen built-in wireless
44860
04:22:01,280 --> 04:22:02,280
and other features
44861
04:22:03,912 --> 04:22:04,912
allows you to navigate or input
44862
04:22:05,680 --> 04:22:06,680
characters onto the screen
44863
04:22:09,040 --> 04:22:10,040
uh smart cameras are built in wireless
44864
04:22:10,720 --> 04:22:11,720
network connectivity such as wi-fi that
44865
04:22:12,800 --> 04:22:13,800
allows you to post network and photos on
44866
04:22:15,360 --> 04:22:16,360
social networks emails or back them up
44867
04:22:18,552 --> 04:22:19,552
to
44868
04:22:19,600 --> 04:22:20,600
a cloud storage
44869
04:22:21,832 --> 04:22:22,832
gps i'm sure we all know about these
44870
04:22:23,832 --> 04:22:24,832
they've been in use for a few years and
44871
04:22:26,400 --> 04:22:27,400
they receive signals from gps satellites
44872
04:22:28,232 --> 04:22:29,232
determine your location and they can
44873
04:22:30,320 --> 04:22:31,320
show you the best location to get
44874
04:22:32,720 --> 04:22:33,720
and the best way to get to your
44875
04:22:34,232 --> 04:22:35,232
destination the longest route the
44876
04:22:36,400 --> 04:22:37,400
fastest route you can also tell you
44877
04:22:38,480 --> 04:22:39,480
alternatives and where things like speed
44878
04:22:40,800 --> 04:22:41,800
cameras are set up
44879
04:22:44,400 --> 04:22:45,400
all right so looked at a few devices
44880
04:22:46,160 --> 04:22:47,160
mobiles tablets smartphones wearable
44881
04:22:49,360 --> 04:22:50,360
phablets e-readers smart cameras
44882
04:22:52,400 --> 04:22:53,400
and gps that's all for now thanks for
44883
04:22:54,720 --> 04:22:55,720
watching
44884
04:22:59,550 --> 04:23:00,550
[Music]
44885
04:23:19,760 --> 04:23:20,760
mobile devices connectivity and
44886
04:23:22,480 --> 04:23:23,480
networking
44887
04:23:24,640 --> 04:23:25,640
obviously one of the benefits of having
44888
04:23:26,160 --> 04:23:27,160
a device you can carry around in your
44889
04:23:27,600 --> 04:23:28,600
pocket in your pocketbook or your
44890
04:23:28,960 --> 04:23:29,960
briefcase or your bag or whatever is
44891
04:23:31,040 --> 04:23:32,040
that it's going to get you connected to
44892
04:23:33,120 --> 04:23:34,120
other computers outside of yourself
44893
04:23:35,440 --> 04:23:36,440
particularly the internet and so we need
44894
04:23:38,000 --> 04:23:39,000
to talk about how the connectivity and
44895
04:23:40,480 --> 04:23:41,480
networking works within
44896
04:23:42,480 --> 04:23:43,480
these tablets and smartphone devices and
44897
04:23:45,192 --> 04:23:46,192
specifically what we should be paying
44898
04:23:46,552 --> 04:23:47,552
attention to for this exam so we're
44899
04:23:48,552 --> 04:23:49,552
going to start by talking about the
44900
04:23:49,912 --> 04:23:50,912
global positioning system or gps that's
44901
04:23:52,232 --> 04:23:53,232
built into these devices
44902
04:23:54,000 --> 04:23:55,000
we know that there used to be devices
44903
04:23:55,600 --> 04:23:56,600
specifically made for gps so that you
44904
04:23:57,440 --> 04:23:58,440
could for instance drive your car and
44905
04:23:59,280 --> 04:24:00,280
get to where you wanted to go without
44906
04:24:00,872 --> 04:24:01,872
getting lost
44907
04:24:02,872 --> 04:24:03,872
however it's very important that we uh
44908
04:24:05,360 --> 04:24:06,360
uh just take a quick foray into how this
44909
04:24:07,440 --> 04:24:08,440
has been built into the current mobile
44910
04:24:09,280 --> 04:24:10,280
devices we're also gonna talk about
44911
04:24:10,960 --> 04:24:11,960
cellular connectivity uh obviously one
44912
04:24:13,040 --> 04:24:14,040
of the benefits is not just that we can
44913
04:24:14,720 --> 04:24:15,720
talk on the phone on say an iphone or an
44914
04:24:16,960 --> 04:24:17,960
android device but that
44915
04:24:19,440 --> 04:24:20,440
it gets us data as well as um
44916
04:24:23,040 --> 04:24:24,040
sort of voice and and texting
44917
04:24:25,440 --> 04:24:26,440
um we're also going to talk about the
44918
04:24:26,960 --> 04:24:27,960
wi-fi network cellular data is more
44919
04:24:28,960 --> 04:24:29,960
expensive
44920
04:24:30,320 --> 04:24:31,320
to use because it's sort of everywhere
44921
04:24:32,232 --> 04:24:33,232
it's you know working on satellites and
44922
04:24:34,160 --> 04:24:35,160
all sorts of uh infrastructure that's
44923
04:24:35,832 --> 04:24:36,832
been set up wi-fi we can set up at home
44924
04:24:38,080 --> 04:24:39,080
and connect to and it's gonna save us a
44925
04:24:39,680 --> 04:24:40,680
lot of money so
44926
04:24:41,360 --> 04:24:42,360
if we we need to be aware of how this
44927
04:24:43,512 --> 04:24:44,512
works and just i just want to point out
44928
04:24:45,120 --> 04:24:46,120
too
44929
04:24:45,912 --> 04:24:46,912
because this will sort of give us a
44930
04:24:47,192 --> 04:24:48,192
little um information back to what we've
44931
04:24:49,832 --> 04:24:50,832
been talking about in the past each of
44932
04:24:51,512 --> 04:24:52,512
these devices we have a cellular sort of
44933
04:24:53,192 --> 04:24:54,192
connection and a wi-fi connection both
44934
04:24:55,360 --> 04:24:56,360
of those are going to have their own mac
44935
04:24:56,960 --> 04:24:57,960
addresses okay because they're on
44936
04:24:58,552 --> 04:24:59,552
different networks so i just wanted to
44937
04:24:59,832 --> 04:25:00,832
point that out
44938
04:25:01,120 --> 04:25:02,120
we're also going to talk about tethering
44939
04:25:02,640 --> 04:25:03,640
if i have my laptop with me i need to do
44940
04:25:04,400 --> 04:25:05,400
work that i can't do on my tablet or on
44941
04:25:05,912 --> 04:25:06,912
my iphone or on my android device
44942
04:25:08,400 --> 04:25:09,400
i might want to use the internet
44943
04:25:11,040 --> 04:25:12,040
available on my device through my laptop
44944
04:25:15,192 --> 04:25:16,192
and that is something that's available
44945
04:25:16,800 --> 04:25:17,800
uh
44946
04:25:17,760 --> 04:25:18,760
depending on how you have your
44947
04:25:19,760 --> 04:25:20,760
device set up and on what you're paying
44948
04:25:21,832 --> 04:25:22,832
your provider
44949
04:25:23,280 --> 04:25:24,280
finally we want to talk about bluetooth
44950
04:25:25,680 --> 04:25:26,680
which again creates those personal area
44951
04:25:27,912 --> 04:25:28,912
networks and allows you to connect other
44952
04:25:30,232 --> 04:25:31,232
things to your device not just
44953
04:25:32,480 --> 04:25:33,480
connecting say your
44954
04:25:34,640 --> 04:25:35,640
apple device with your computer so you
44955
04:25:37,040 --> 04:25:38,040
can transfer files but more so so that i
44956
04:25:39,760 --> 04:25:40,760
can connect say a
44957
04:25:41,512 --> 04:25:42,512
headset or even a keyboard to one of
44958
04:25:43,912 --> 04:25:44,912
these devices
44959
04:25:45,600 --> 04:25:46,600
all right so first let's talk about the
44960
04:25:46,960 --> 04:25:47,960
gps and here we have an old-fashioned
44961
04:25:48,800 --> 04:25:49,800
gps system which
44962
04:25:50,640 --> 04:25:51,640
i'm imagining or going a little bit out
44963
04:25:52,480 --> 04:25:53,480
of fashion now that you can carry that
44964
04:25:54,320 --> 04:25:55,320
on a device that does other things as
44965
04:25:55,760 --> 04:25:56,760
well but this is a worldwide system of
44966
04:25:57,680 --> 04:25:58,680
satellites that specifically provides
44967
04:25:59,760 --> 04:26:00,760
location information to apps and service
44968
04:26:02,320 --> 04:26:03,320
providers so for instance if i am in a
44969
04:26:05,360 --> 04:26:06,360
new city and i want to try to find a
44970
04:26:06,960 --> 04:26:07,960
restaurant
44971
04:26:08,160 --> 04:26:09,160
the gps system in my phone
44972
04:26:10,400 --> 04:26:11,400
or on my tablet will allow me to find a
44973
04:26:13,832 --> 04:26:14,832
restaurant nearby so it'll locate where
44974
04:26:16,160 --> 04:26:17,160
i am and it'll search around me
44975
04:26:17,680 --> 04:26:18,680
alternatively it'll help give me turn by
44976
04:26:19,512 --> 04:26:20,512
turn directions uh to
44977
04:26:22,160 --> 04:26:23,160
a location i'm trying to get to i travel
44978
04:26:25,120 --> 04:26:26,120
quite a bit and i can tell you the
44979
04:26:26,872 --> 04:26:27,872
turn-by-turn directions offered on my
44980
04:26:28,640 --> 04:26:29,640
smartphone really help me get where i'm
44981
04:26:31,040 --> 04:26:32,040
going especially because sometimes i fly
44982
04:26:33,512 --> 04:26:34,512
into a new location and need to get to a
44983
04:26:35,832 --> 04:26:36,832
hotel or to an office that i've never
44984
04:26:37,280 --> 04:26:38,280
been to before
44985
04:26:38,872 --> 04:26:39,872
uh geo tracking by the way is what is
44986
04:26:41,600 --> 04:26:42,600
referred to uh when we talk about the
44987
04:26:43,440 --> 04:26:44,440
tracking and recording of a location of
44988
04:26:45,280 --> 04:26:46,280
a mobile device over time a lot of times
44989
04:26:47,680 --> 04:26:48,680
without you even knowing it and this is
44990
04:26:49,360 --> 04:26:50,360
why a lot of people like to turn on and
44991
04:26:51,192 --> 04:26:52,192
off these settings um
44992
04:26:53,832 --> 04:26:54,832
apple google verizon sprint all of these
44993
04:26:56,160 --> 04:26:57,160
providers are getting information about
44994
04:26:57,912 --> 04:26:58,912
where you're going at any one time and
44995
04:26:59,600 --> 04:27:00,600
they're tracking you uh now they're not
44996
04:27:01,280 --> 04:27:02,280
tracking you specifically so they can
44997
04:27:02,960 --> 04:27:03,960
sort of you know
44998
04:27:04,640 --> 04:27:05,640
do whatever
44999
04:27:05,832 --> 04:27:06,832
you know blackmail you or something what
45000
04:27:07,360 --> 04:27:08,360
they're doing is they're trying to
45001
04:27:08,480 --> 04:27:09,480
gather statistics for their network and
45002
04:27:10,400 --> 04:27:11,400
so they can make stuff better but they
45003
04:27:12,080 --> 04:27:13,080
are tracking your information where
45004
04:27:13,512 --> 04:27:14,512
you're going and so it is important to
45005
04:27:15,440 --> 04:27:16,440
be aware of that
45006
04:27:16,872 --> 04:27:17,872
as you're using this gps system
45007
04:27:19,760 --> 04:27:20,760
you can also use by the way if you don't
45008
04:27:21,440 --> 04:27:22,440
have gps built in like some of the
45009
04:27:23,120 --> 04:27:24,120
earlier models use what was called wi-fi
45010
04:27:25,680 --> 04:27:26,680
crowd sourcing to determine location if
45011
04:27:28,160 --> 04:27:29,160
you have for instance a tablet that does
45012
04:27:30,000 --> 04:27:31,000
not have cellular or gps built in it
45013
04:27:33,120 --> 04:27:34,120
only has
45014
04:27:34,800 --> 04:27:35,800
the uh wi-fi what it'll do is it'll do
45015
04:27:38,160 --> 04:27:39,160
some sort of trying a triangulation on
45016
04:27:41,120 --> 04:27:42,120
the closest wi-fi
45017
04:27:43,360 --> 04:27:44,360
hotspots to you and get information from
45018
04:27:45,832 --> 04:27:46,832
those as to your location so it is
45019
04:27:47,680 --> 04:27:48,680
possible even without gps to get a
45020
04:27:51,120 --> 04:27:52,120
basic uh sort of um
45021
04:27:53,680 --> 04:27:54,680
somewhat of a location it's not going to
45022
04:27:55,192 --> 04:27:56,192
be as pure as the gps location
45023
04:27:58,232 --> 04:27:59,232
now there's two ways we want to talk
45024
04:28:00,080 --> 04:28:01,080
about how we can turn this on and off if
45025
04:28:02,080 --> 04:28:03,080
we're dealing with an iphone or an
45026
04:28:04,320 --> 04:28:05,320
android on an android based device uh we
45027
04:28:07,280 --> 04:28:08,280
can go to settings and then location and
45028
04:28:09,440 --> 04:28:10,440
this isn't a word that's going to come
45029
04:28:10,720 --> 04:28:11,720
up we don't they don't call it gps that
45030
04:28:12,480 --> 04:28:13,480
would kind of scare people so they call
45031
04:28:14,160 --> 04:28:15,160
it location settings and then you can
45032
04:28:16,232 --> 04:28:17,232
say whether or not you want to use gps
45033
04:28:18,640 --> 04:28:19,640
satellites likely on just likewise
45034
04:28:21,440 --> 04:28:22,440
rather on an apple device ios it is
45035
04:28:23,600 --> 04:28:24,600
located in privacy which is interesting
45036
04:28:26,320 --> 04:28:27,320
because they're talking about
45037
04:28:27,760 --> 04:28:28,760
the privacy of letting information out
45038
04:28:29,680 --> 04:28:30,680
and it's located in what's called
45039
04:28:30,872 --> 04:28:31,872
location services
45040
04:28:32,960 --> 04:28:33,960
and other devices the other reason you
45041
04:28:34,480 --> 04:28:35,480
want to be aware of this for both of
45042
04:28:35,912 --> 04:28:36,912
these is other applications google
45043
04:28:38,800 --> 04:28:39,800
application you download a google maps
45044
04:28:40,320 --> 04:28:41,320
application you download a sort of yelp
45045
04:28:43,600 --> 04:28:44,600
or a food restaurant location searching
45046
04:28:46,480 --> 04:28:47,480
service or something or even if you have
45047
04:28:48,320 --> 04:28:49,320
a application that recognizes where you
45048
04:28:50,400 --> 04:28:51,400
are in order say a taxi or car for you
45049
04:28:52,800 --> 04:28:53,800
any of these are going to have access to
45050
04:28:54,160 --> 04:28:55,160
this information that means you're
45051
04:28:55,280 --> 04:28:56,280
providing that to the app the app could
45052
04:28:57,360 --> 04:28:58,360
then be sending that to their
45053
04:28:58,400 --> 04:28:59,400
manufacturer so that's why they're
45054
04:28:59,760 --> 04:29:00,760
located in privacy there and it is in
45055
04:29:01,912 --> 04:29:02,912
location services so again we're looking
45056
04:29:04,320 --> 04:29:05,320
at location services uh not necessarily
45057
04:29:06,800 --> 04:29:07,800
called gps okay
45058
04:29:09,280 --> 04:29:10,280
all right so let's talk a little bit
45059
04:29:10,480 --> 04:29:11,480
about cellular connectivity and the
45060
04:29:11,912 --> 04:29:12,912
cellular networks that um
45061
04:29:14,640 --> 04:29:15,640
these devices are using uh
45062
04:29:17,832 --> 04:29:18,832
gsm or the global system for mobile
45063
04:29:20,720 --> 04:29:21,720
communications is what allows voice
45064
04:29:22,872 --> 04:29:23,872
calls and this is pretty
45065
04:29:25,192 --> 04:29:26,192
universal
45066
04:29:26,400 --> 04:29:27,400
however there is also not only voice
45067
04:29:28,960 --> 04:29:29,960
calls in the cellular network but also
45068
04:29:31,040 --> 04:29:32,040
edge 3g voyage
45069
04:29:33,120 --> 04:29:34,120
4g lte and so on these are for cellular
45070
04:29:36,160 --> 04:29:37,160
data so not only are we dealing with
45071
04:29:38,320 --> 04:29:39,320
voice calls which has been around for
45072
04:29:40,320 --> 04:29:41,320
quite a while now um because you know
45073
04:29:43,760 --> 04:29:44,760
mobile phones cellular phones
45074
04:29:46,000 --> 04:29:47,000
they've been used for quite a while to
45075
04:29:47,192 --> 04:29:48,192
make voice calls and then we added text
45076
04:29:49,120 --> 04:29:50,120
messaging to them but now the big thing
45077
04:29:51,440 --> 04:29:52,440
of course is data being able to sort of
45078
04:29:52,960 --> 04:29:53,960
browse the internet get information from
45079
04:29:54,552 --> 04:29:55,552
the internet off of these and these in
45080
04:29:57,040 --> 04:29:58,040
sort of uh an ascending order of uh
45081
04:29:59,912 --> 04:30:00,912
speed have been what's been around we've
45082
04:30:02,000 --> 04:30:03,000
talked about that a little bit earlier
45083
04:30:03,360 --> 04:30:04,360
when we're talking about networking and
45084
04:30:04,480 --> 04:30:05,480
wi-max and so on and so forth but every
45085
04:30:07,192 --> 04:30:08,192
device
45086
04:30:08,480 --> 04:30:09,480
as a result is required to have
45087
04:30:10,480 --> 04:30:11,480
something called airplane mode
45088
04:30:13,120 --> 04:30:14,120
which uh can turn off any wireless
45089
04:30:15,912 --> 04:30:16,912
antenna in the device and this includes
45090
04:30:17,600 --> 04:30:18,600
the gsm remember that's for voice wi-fi
45091
04:30:20,160 --> 04:30:21,160
which we will talk about in a minute uh
45092
04:30:22,232 --> 04:30:23,232
gps bluetooth and the edge 4g lte
45093
04:30:26,400 --> 04:30:27,400
network whatever and then here just just
45094
04:30:28,160 --> 04:30:29,160
so you know here we're in cellular data
45095
04:30:30,800 --> 04:30:31,800
uh here for um
45096
04:30:33,440 --> 04:30:34,440
uh
45097
04:30:36,000 --> 04:30:37,000
for the iphone we're talking here about
45098
04:30:37,680 --> 04:30:38,680
cellular data you can enable lte which
45099
04:30:40,160 --> 04:30:41,160
gets it to load faster uh we also can
45100
04:30:42,640 --> 04:30:43,640
enable or disable um
45101
04:30:45,192 --> 04:30:46,192
data uh
45102
04:30:47,832 --> 04:30:48,832
cellular data network on our other
45103
04:30:50,320 --> 04:30:51,320
devices as well
45104
04:30:52,080 --> 04:30:53,080
uh android has the setting to turn on
45105
04:30:54,480 --> 04:30:55,480
the airplane mode by going to setting
45106
04:30:56,800 --> 04:30:57,800
wireless and networks airplane mode in
45107
04:30:59,832 --> 04:31:00,832
an iphone or an ios the settings are
45108
04:31:02,232 --> 04:31:03,232
just settings and there's an airplane
45109
04:31:03,760 --> 04:31:04,760
mode right there and i think i'll show
45110
04:31:05,912 --> 04:31:06,912
you a picture of that in a slide that's
45111
04:31:08,872 --> 04:31:09,872
coming up
45112
04:31:10,160 --> 04:31:11,160
um
45113
04:31:11,280 --> 04:31:12,280
with the wi-fi network in here by the
45114
04:31:13,120 --> 04:31:14,120
way is that
45115
04:31:14,480 --> 04:31:15,480
airplane mode
45116
04:31:15,832 --> 04:31:16,832
that i was mentioning
45117
04:31:17,360 --> 04:31:18,360
uh in a wi-fi network this is similar to
45118
04:31:19,912 --> 04:31:20,912
pc's wi-fi network mobile devices can
45119
04:31:22,160 --> 04:31:23,160
connect just like a regular computer can
45120
04:31:25,360 --> 04:31:26,360
remember it has a different mac address
45121
04:31:26,800 --> 04:31:27,800
it is a different device uh 802 11a bgn
45122
04:31:30,480 --> 04:31:31,480
generally nowadays they're lg
45123
04:31:32,400 --> 04:31:33,400
and
45124
04:31:33,280 --> 04:31:34,280
sometimes this is going to be faster and
45125
04:31:35,040 --> 04:31:36,040
cheaper data than a cellular net
45126
04:31:36,872 --> 04:31:37,872
connection uh generally it is going to
45127
04:31:39,280 --> 04:31:40,280
be cheaper
45128
04:31:40,640 --> 04:31:41,640
unless you're sort of paying for a wi-fi
45129
04:31:42,320 --> 04:31:43,320
connection
45130
04:31:43,440 --> 04:31:44,440
it'll usually be faster although the
45131
04:31:45,120 --> 04:31:46,120
technology behind 4g and lte and so on
45132
04:31:47,680 --> 04:31:48,680
and so forth nowadays is actually making
45133
04:31:50,000 --> 04:31:51,000
um
45134
04:31:51,360 --> 04:31:52,360
inroads into that and it might we might
45135
04:31:52,960 --> 04:31:53,960
even be in a world where no one needs
45136
04:31:54,552 --> 04:31:55,552
wi-fi at some point because everyone can
45137
04:31:56,720 --> 04:31:57,720
get their access through other means um
45138
04:31:59,600 --> 04:32:00,600
the android to get to this you go to
45139
04:32:01,440 --> 04:32:02,440
settings and then wireless networks
45140
04:32:03,192 --> 04:32:04,192
wi-fi settings this is also the same
45141
04:32:05,192 --> 04:32:06,192
place remember where that air airplane
45142
04:32:06,640 --> 04:32:07,640
mode is so here we're in wireless and
45143
04:32:08,080 --> 04:32:09,080
network settings and then we can either
45144
04:32:09,760 --> 04:32:10,760
choose you know wi-fi or wi-fi settings
45145
04:32:12,000 --> 04:32:13,000
to manage or set up wi-fi and then uh
45146
04:32:15,512 --> 04:32:16,512
there's the airplane mode setting right
45147
04:32:17,360 --> 04:32:18,360
there in ios you go to settings and it
45148
04:32:19,512 --> 04:32:20,512
is wi-fi and here we could turn on and
45149
04:32:22,160 --> 04:32:23,160
off wi-fi and then choose the network we
45150
04:32:23,912 --> 04:32:24,912
want to connect to and so on and so
45151
04:32:25,680 --> 04:32:26,680
forth
45152
04:32:27,120 --> 04:32:28,120
now tethering as i mentioned is
45153
04:32:28,872 --> 04:32:29,872
something different tethering is what
45154
04:32:30,480 --> 04:32:31,480
allows you to use your phone as sort of
45155
04:32:33,760 --> 04:32:34,760
a portable hotspot you see that word
45156
04:32:37,040 --> 04:32:38,040
here in both uh in both instances
45157
04:32:40,080 --> 04:32:41,080
basically it shares its cellular
45158
04:32:41,760 --> 04:32:42,760
connection with other wi-fi capable
45159
04:32:43,680 --> 04:32:44,680
devices so what it'll do is it basically
45160
04:32:46,872 --> 04:32:47,872
broadcasts out a wi-fi connection that
45161
04:32:49,192 --> 04:32:50,192
other people can connect to right and
45162
04:32:52,160 --> 04:32:53,160
you can either connect to it using wi-fi
45163
04:32:54,160 --> 04:32:55,160
or actually by using bluetooth
45164
04:32:56,800 --> 04:32:57,800
and then it allows that computer to use
45165
04:32:59,912 --> 04:33:00,912
its cellular connection you can see this
45166
04:33:02,080 --> 04:33:03,080
one has a personal hotspot on and it has
45167
04:33:05,120 --> 04:33:06,120
something connected to it
45168
04:33:07,600 --> 04:33:08,600
so this is as i mentioned something
45169
04:33:09,760 --> 04:33:10,760
called a portable hot spot which you
45170
04:33:11,760 --> 04:33:12,760
might see referenced it basically turns
45171
04:33:14,480 --> 04:33:15,480
your phone into somewhat of a soho
45172
04:33:16,480 --> 04:33:17,480
router
45173
04:33:17,440 --> 04:33:18,440
uh now the cell service whoever's
45174
04:33:19,760 --> 04:33:20,760
providing your cellular data carrying
45175
04:33:21,680 --> 04:33:22,680
for instance verizon
45176
04:33:23,192 --> 04:33:24,192
att sprint etc etc
45177
04:33:26,320 --> 04:33:27,320
has to support you using this service so
45178
04:33:28,872 --> 04:33:29,872
sometimes you'll try turning this on and
45179
04:33:30,232 --> 04:33:31,232
it'll say not supported um the other
45180
04:33:32,800 --> 04:33:33,800
thing is it it may cost you more money
45181
04:33:36,000 --> 04:33:37,000
to enable that service obviously they
45182
04:33:38,400 --> 04:33:39,400
want to get as much money as they can
45183
04:33:39,680 --> 04:33:40,680
from you so they might try charging you
45184
04:33:41,192 --> 04:33:42,192
more money to use it this is called
45185
04:33:42,800 --> 04:33:43,800
tethering by the way all right let's
45186
04:33:44,640 --> 04:33:45,640
talk briefly about bluetooth this of
45187
04:33:46,400 --> 04:33:47,400
course is that wireless standard for
45188
04:33:47,832 --> 04:33:48,832
transmitting data over short distances
45189
04:33:49,912 --> 04:33:50,912
we've talked about this in in the past
45190
04:33:52,232 --> 04:33:53,232
usually it's going to be used for like a
45191
04:33:53,600 --> 04:33:54,600
headset
45192
04:33:54,800 --> 04:33:55,800
or a printer connection you might also
45193
04:33:57,440 --> 04:33:58,440
see it done with keyboards because these
45194
04:33:59,512 --> 04:34:00,512
devices have those on-board keyboards
45195
04:34:01,280 --> 04:34:02,280
some people want a full keyboard you can
45196
04:34:03,120 --> 04:34:04,120
connect a bluetooth keyboard it's used
45197
04:34:05,280 --> 04:34:06,280
to create those personal area networks
45198
04:34:07,280 --> 04:34:08,280
remember this is the big thing i always
45199
04:34:08,800 --> 04:34:09,800
see it coming up on the test as a
45200
04:34:10,320 --> 04:34:11,320
personal area network is what a
45201
04:34:11,912 --> 04:34:12,912
bluetooth connection creates and it
45202
04:34:15,120 --> 04:34:16,120
takes up battery power so it should be
45203
04:34:17,040 --> 04:34:18,040
disabled if it's not being used just
45204
04:34:19,120 --> 04:34:20,120
turn it off disable it
45205
04:34:21,600 --> 04:34:22,600
if you're not using it because it will
45206
04:34:24,160 --> 04:34:25,160
cause
45207
04:34:25,440 --> 04:34:26,440
you to lose your battery quicker because
45208
04:34:27,040 --> 04:34:28,040
it's always looking for other bluetooth
45209
04:34:28,400 --> 04:34:29,400
devices and here we can see the settings
45210
04:34:30,480 --> 04:34:31,480
and where they are
45211
04:34:32,160 --> 04:34:33,160
to connect to a bluetooth device
45212
04:34:34,400 --> 04:34:35,400
you uh or to connect a bluetooth device
45213
04:34:36,552 --> 04:34:37,552
to your mobile device you have to
45214
04:34:38,400 --> 04:34:39,400
actually do some things first the
45215
04:34:40,160 --> 04:34:41,160
bluetooth needs to be enabled on both
45216
04:34:41,912 --> 04:34:42,912
devices so you need to set it as on
45217
04:34:44,720 --> 04:34:45,720
okay
45218
04:34:45,600 --> 04:34:46,600
then the other thing you have to do is
45219
04:34:47,040 --> 04:34:48,040
you have to set one of the device to
45220
04:34:48,400 --> 04:34:49,400
what's called discovery mode or you have
45221
04:34:50,160 --> 04:34:51,160
to make it discoverable
45222
04:34:52,080 --> 04:34:53,080
so the there's one device that's going
45223
04:34:53,912 --> 04:34:54,912
to be doing the searching
45224
04:34:56,400 --> 04:34:57,400
and there's one device that's going to
45225
04:34:57,832 --> 04:34:58,832
be discovered now when you do it on an
45226
04:35:00,320 --> 04:35:01,320
ios it actually does both at the same
45227
04:35:02,232 --> 04:35:03,232
time when you do it on
45228
04:35:05,440 --> 04:35:06,440
android you have to select it to turn it
45229
04:35:07,512 --> 04:35:08,512
on and then you select to make it
45230
04:35:09,280 --> 04:35:10,280
discoverable as well once one device is
45231
04:35:12,000 --> 04:35:13,000
discoverable the other device will
45232
04:35:13,600 --> 04:35:14,600
search for it it'll find it and once it
45233
04:35:15,832 --> 04:35:16,832
finds it you need to pair or link it and
45234
04:35:18,232 --> 04:35:19,232
generally what will happen is a pin code
45235
04:35:19,832 --> 04:35:20,832
will pop up you have to type a number
45236
04:35:21,440 --> 04:35:22,440
into one of the devices generally the
45237
04:35:23,360 --> 04:35:24,360
one that's doing the searching will
45238
04:35:25,600 --> 04:35:26,600
connect find the device you say connect
45239
04:35:28,320 --> 04:35:29,320
and then it says please type in a pin
45240
04:35:29,912 --> 04:35:30,912
code you type in a pin code and that's
45241
04:35:31,440 --> 04:35:32,440
how they can make sure that uh you know
45242
04:35:34,480 --> 04:35:35,480
you own both the devices and you're
45243
04:35:36,000 --> 04:35:37,000
staring at them so it's done for
45244
04:35:37,512 --> 04:35:38,512
security reasons by the way uh the other
45245
04:35:40,232 --> 04:35:41,232
reason we're going to want to disable
45246
04:35:42,080 --> 04:35:43,080
bluetooth devices because of something
45247
04:35:44,080 --> 04:35:45,080
called blue snarfing which is where
45248
04:35:46,720 --> 04:35:47,720
someone will connect to uh your
45249
04:35:49,040 --> 04:35:50,040
bluetooth device without even realizing
45250
04:35:50,800 --> 04:35:51,800
it and steal information from you
45251
04:35:53,360 --> 04:35:54,360
great so now we've talked about global
45252
04:35:55,192 --> 04:35:56,192
positioning system again that's like
45253
04:35:56,960 --> 04:35:57,960
those turn-by-turn directions uh where
45254
04:36:00,640 --> 04:36:01,640
you are in the world and it it can be
45255
04:36:03,680 --> 04:36:04,680
done um
45256
04:36:06,000 --> 04:36:07,000
using a triangulation of wi-fi networks
45257
04:36:08,552 --> 04:36:09,552
as well we talked about cellular
45258
04:36:10,232 --> 04:36:11,232
connectivity not only for voice which
45259
04:36:12,552 --> 04:36:13,552
again was that
45260
04:36:14,000 --> 04:36:15,000
gsm
45261
04:36:16,552 --> 04:36:17,552
but also for uh data which is going to
45262
04:36:19,440 --> 04:36:20,440
be on those sort of 4g lte networks and
45263
04:36:21,912 --> 04:36:22,912
so on and so forth quickly gaining speed
45264
04:36:24,640 --> 04:36:25,640
and i think in a number of years once
45265
04:36:26,872 --> 04:36:27,872
the infrastructure is in place this will
45266
04:36:28,400 --> 04:36:29,400
overtake wi-fi uh i can't guarantee that
45267
04:36:31,280 --> 04:36:32,280
but i i'm pretty sure because why would
45268
04:36:33,192 --> 04:36:34,192
you have a wi-fi network when you could
45269
04:36:34,480 --> 04:36:35,480
just have wireless everywhere however we
45270
04:36:36,320 --> 04:36:37,320
do also have wi-fi networks these
45271
04:36:37,912 --> 04:36:38,912
connect the exact same way as a regular
45272
04:36:40,960 --> 04:36:41,960
computer generally speaking we're using
45273
04:36:42,640 --> 04:36:43,640
the latest uh hardware functionality
45274
04:36:45,600 --> 04:36:46,600
which is 802.11n remember that can get
45275
04:36:47,912 --> 04:36:48,912
you up to 600 megabits per second which
45276
04:36:49,760 --> 04:36:50,760
is pretty fast we also have tethering
45277
04:36:52,400 --> 04:36:53,400
which is what allows you
45278
04:36:55,600 --> 04:36:56,600
to use
45279
04:36:57,280 --> 04:36:58,280
your
45280
04:36:58,160 --> 04:36:59,160
cellular data
45281
04:37:02,720 --> 04:37:03,720
on another device such as a laptop
45282
04:37:05,512 --> 04:37:06,512
this is also called a port makes your
45283
04:37:07,440 --> 04:37:08,440
phone or your ipad or your tether your
45284
04:37:09,912 --> 04:37:10,912
tablet or whatever into what's called a
45285
04:37:11,512 --> 04:37:12,512
portable hotspot
45286
04:37:14,160 --> 04:37:15,160
finally we looked at bluetooth the
45287
04:37:15,600 --> 04:37:16,600
important thing to remember here is
45288
04:37:16,720 --> 04:37:17,720
these are really for small personal
45289
04:37:18,320 --> 04:37:19,320
connections remember personal area
45290
04:37:20,480 --> 04:37:21,480
network is what they create and on these
45291
04:37:22,480 --> 04:37:23,480
devices you're generally going to see
45292
04:37:23,680 --> 04:37:24,680
them used for keyboards or for uh
45293
04:37:26,160 --> 04:37:27,160
headsets
45294
04:37:28,552 --> 04:37:29,552
great so uh we've talked about this
45295
04:37:30,640 --> 04:37:31,640
connectivity let's keep being in a way
45296
04:37:32,320 --> 04:37:33,320
at these mobile devices uh talking about
45297
04:37:34,400 --> 04:37:35,400
what specifically you need to know for
45298
04:37:36,080 --> 04:37:37,080
the
45299
04:37:37,192 --> 04:37:38,192
a plus exam
45300
04:37:42,450 --> 04:37:43,450
[Music]
45301
04:37:58,320 --> 04:37:59,320
welcome to module 21 lesson 2a mobile
45302
04:38:01,600 --> 04:38:02,600
device connection types
45303
04:38:04,232 --> 04:38:05,232
look at nfc proprietary vendor specific
45304
04:38:07,280 --> 04:38:08,280
ports which are the most annoying
45305
04:38:10,232 --> 04:38:11,232
micro usb and mini usb
45306
04:38:12,872 --> 04:38:13,872
lightning
45307
04:38:14,320 --> 04:38:15,320
ir infrared
45308
04:38:16,800 --> 04:38:17,800
nfc is near field communication it's a
45309
04:38:19,760 --> 04:38:20,760
wireless comms technology that allows
45310
04:38:21,512 --> 04:38:22,512
compatible devices to exchange data
45311
04:38:24,552 --> 04:38:25,552
within a distance of four centimeters
45312
04:38:27,120 --> 04:38:28,120
you may have used this if you've
45313
04:38:28,400 --> 04:38:29,400
upgraded one phone model to the next
45314
04:38:30,960 --> 04:38:31,960
model up and wanted to pull all of your
45315
04:38:33,600 --> 04:38:34,600
data
45316
04:38:34,640 --> 04:38:35,640
from one phone to another and all your
45317
04:38:36,080 --> 04:38:37,080
settings and
45318
04:38:37,360 --> 04:38:38,360
and if you use this it will um you sit
45319
04:38:40,320 --> 04:38:41,320
you sit you put two phones together use
45320
04:38:42,480 --> 04:38:43,480
the application and after however long
45321
04:38:45,440 --> 04:38:46,440
it takes it will copy all the data
45322
04:38:47,440 --> 04:38:48,440
across
45323
04:38:48,800 --> 04:38:49,800
the nfc enable mobile devices can also
45324
04:38:51,280 --> 04:38:52,280
be used to pay for transactions if
45325
04:38:53,280 --> 04:38:54,280
you've enabled it on your phone and
45326
04:38:55,280 --> 04:38:56,280
obviously if you if your
45327
04:38:57,600 --> 04:38:58,600
banking app supports it
45328
04:39:00,800 --> 04:39:01,800
and the nfc tag can store information
45329
04:39:02,640 --> 04:39:03,640
that can be read when waived over the
45330
04:39:04,160 --> 04:39:05,160
nfc enabled mobile phone
45331
04:39:07,512 --> 04:39:08,512
yeah this allows you to get information
45332
04:39:09,040 --> 04:39:10,040
by scanning tag to posters displays or
45333
04:39:11,512 --> 04:39:12,512
books
45334
04:39:13,680 --> 04:39:14,680
also allows users to provide their
45335
04:39:15,040 --> 04:39:16,040
credentials for access control systems
45336
04:39:17,360 --> 04:39:18,360
without the need for a physical card
45337
04:39:20,960 --> 04:39:21,960
proprietary vendor specific ports
45338
04:39:24,320 --> 04:39:25,320
earlier mobile phones had different
45339
04:39:25,760 --> 04:39:26,760
ports or connectors
45340
04:39:27,680 --> 04:39:28,680
among these was one use for power
45341
04:39:29,280 --> 04:39:30,280
another use for data it turned out
45342
04:39:32,160 --> 04:39:33,160
very expensive
45343
04:39:34,000 --> 04:39:35,000
and very cumbersome and if the cable
45344
04:39:36,320 --> 04:39:37,320
broke you had to try and find one for
45345
04:39:37,832 --> 04:39:38,832
the for your model phone i'm very
45346
04:39:39,832 --> 04:39:40,832
unpopular with customers who'd already
45347
04:39:41,440 --> 04:39:42,440
probably spent a lot of money
45348
04:39:44,080 --> 04:39:45,080
and then they realized they needed
45349
04:39:45,512 --> 04:39:46,512
needed to go out and buy another
45350
04:39:48,080 --> 04:39:49,080
um cable just so they could spend more
45351
04:39:50,872 --> 04:39:51,872
money with the manufacturer
45352
04:39:53,440 --> 04:39:54,440
so they're non-standard and i've got a
45353
04:39:55,760 --> 04:39:56,760
drawer i'm sure you have as well a
45354
04:39:57,440 --> 04:39:58,440
drawer full of different ports and
45355
04:39:59,192 --> 04:40:00,192
connectors and
45356
04:40:01,440 --> 04:40:02,440
adapters
45357
04:40:04,080 --> 04:40:05,080
and so you can't reuse them when you uh
45358
04:40:05,912 --> 04:40:06,912
switch your phone
45359
04:40:08,232 --> 04:40:09,232
uh there was a need for a universal
45360
04:40:09,912 --> 04:40:10,912
phone charger that not only reduced the
45361
04:40:11,512 --> 04:40:12,512
charger clutter but also the associated
45362
04:40:14,640 --> 04:40:15,640
electronic waste the eu standard uh came
45363
04:40:18,320 --> 04:40:19,320
up with a universal charger which was
45364
04:40:20,720 --> 04:40:21,720
micro usb
45365
04:40:23,120 --> 04:40:24,120
micro usb is widely adopted
45366
04:40:25,760 --> 04:40:26,760
for power and data
45367
04:40:27,760 --> 04:40:28,760
it's designed to reduce the mechanical
45368
04:40:29,600 --> 04:40:30,600
wear and tear used by all of the
45369
04:40:31,360 --> 04:40:32,360
plugging in
45370
04:40:32,480 --> 04:40:33,480
and plugging of usb data
45371
04:40:35,280 --> 04:40:36,280
micro usb connectors are thinner than
45372
04:40:37,120 --> 04:40:38,120
mini usb you could see it on the um
45373
04:40:40,552 --> 04:40:41,552
on the right there on the diagram
45374
04:40:42,640 --> 04:40:43,640
and tell you to replace mini usb
45375
04:40:46,232 --> 04:40:47,232
you may if you've got an ultra phone you
45376
04:40:47,680 --> 04:40:48,680
may still have a mini usb cable sitting
45377
04:40:49,832 --> 04:40:50,832
somewhere
45378
04:40:52,232 --> 04:40:53,232
mini usbs were thicker
45379
04:40:54,800 --> 04:40:55,800
lightning is an 8-pin connector that
45380
04:40:56,320 --> 04:40:57,320
carries the digital signal and was
45381
04:40:57,912 --> 04:40:58,912
introduced by apple as a replacement for
45382
04:41:00,160 --> 04:41:01,160
its 30 pin connector
45383
04:41:02,800 --> 04:41:03,800
obviously lightning is smaller you can
45384
04:41:05,120 --> 04:41:06,120
see blown up version
45385
04:41:07,280 --> 04:41:08,280
used to connect iphone ipads and ipod
45386
04:41:09,440 --> 04:41:10,440
devices to computers monitors
45387
04:41:11,760 --> 04:41:12,760
and other peripherals
45388
04:41:13,680 --> 04:41:14,680
it allows for reversible
45389
04:41:15,832 --> 04:41:16,832
use either face up or face down and
45390
04:41:18,160 --> 04:41:19,160
gives you the flexibility
45391
04:41:20,800 --> 04:41:21,800
handles a higher power of 12 watts
45392
04:41:22,480 --> 04:41:23,480
required by newer mobile devices
45393
04:41:24,400 --> 04:41:25,400
compared to 9 watts by micro usb
45394
04:41:29,120 --> 04:41:30,120
by design the pins are pin connectors
45395
04:41:31,440 --> 04:41:32,440
are moulded onto a single solid piece
45396
04:41:33,040 --> 04:41:34,040
making it more durable
45397
04:41:34,640 --> 04:41:35,640
than micro usb
45398
04:41:37,120 --> 04:41:38,120
infrared it's a type of
45399
04:41:39,080 --> 04:41:40,080
electromagnetic radiation with longer
45400
04:41:41,192 --> 04:41:42,192
wavelengths than those of visible light
45401
04:41:45,280 --> 04:41:46,280
we can't um actually see using infrared
45402
04:41:47,680 --> 04:41:48,680
we'd have to use a special device
45403
04:41:50,320 --> 04:41:51,320
it can be used for short range wireless
45404
04:41:52,000 --> 04:41:53,000
communication between compatible devices
45405
04:41:56,232 --> 04:41:57,232
if you've got an infrared port on your
45406
04:41:57,600 --> 04:41:58,600
mobile phone it allows you to transfer
45407
04:41:59,680 --> 04:42:00,680
data to another infrared
45408
04:42:01,680 --> 04:42:02,680
enable phone by using a beam of light
45409
04:42:05,040 --> 04:42:06,040
to establish a connection both phones
45410
04:42:07,040 --> 04:42:08,040
require a clear line of sight with it
45411
04:42:09,600 --> 04:42:10,600
within a distance of about one meter
45412
04:42:13,280 --> 04:42:14,280
some ir enabled smartphones can be
45413
04:42:15,600 --> 04:42:16,600
configured to control televisions and
45414
04:42:17,280 --> 04:42:18,280
other media devices you just have to
45415
04:42:19,280 --> 04:42:20,280
download the relevant app for that
45416
04:42:21,912 --> 04:42:22,912
so we've looked at nfc proprietary
45417
04:42:24,640 --> 04:42:25,640
micro and mini usb
45418
04:42:27,120 --> 04:42:28,120
lightning and infrared thanks for
45419
04:42:29,512 --> 04:42:30,512
watching
45420
04:42:35,520 --> 04:42:36,520
[Music]
45421
04:42:51,440 --> 04:42:52,440
welcome to module 21 lesson 2b mobile
45422
04:42:54,480 --> 04:42:55,480
device accessories which is a new
45423
04:42:57,600 --> 04:42:58,600
entry for the syllabus
45424
04:42:59,760 --> 04:43:00,760
introduction to mobile device
45425
04:43:01,360 --> 04:43:02,360
accessories
45426
04:43:02,800 --> 04:43:03,800
headsets speakers gamepads docking
45427
04:43:05,120 --> 04:43:06,120
stations
45428
04:43:06,552 --> 04:43:07,552
battery chargers external battery packs
45429
04:43:10,160 --> 04:43:11,160
protective covers credit card readers
45430
04:43:13,120 --> 04:43:14,120
memory and microsd
45431
04:43:16,800 --> 04:43:17,800
so you can get a whole bunch of
45432
04:43:18,800 --> 04:43:19,800
accessories for your mobile phones
45433
04:43:20,480 --> 04:43:21,480
obviously to increase its use or make
45434
04:43:23,192 --> 04:43:24,192
certain things easier and
45435
04:43:25,680 --> 04:43:26,680
to do
45436
04:43:27,912 --> 04:43:28,912
headsets for example like to have a
45437
04:43:30,000 --> 04:43:31,000
hands-free conversation without having
45438
04:43:31,680 --> 04:43:32,680
to hold the phone near your ear
45439
04:43:34,160 --> 04:43:35,160
and most
45440
04:43:35,600 --> 04:43:36,600
countries it's illegal to drive while
45441
04:43:38,232 --> 04:43:39,232
holding your phone
45442
04:43:39,680 --> 04:43:40,680
may well depending on the credential be
45443
04:43:41,440 --> 04:43:42,440
legal for you to use a headset
45444
04:43:44,960 --> 04:43:45,960
but even if you're walking around doing
45445
04:43:46,872 --> 04:43:47,872
it then it does make it easier for you
45446
04:43:49,280 --> 04:43:50,280
headsets can be wired or wireless
45447
04:43:52,232 --> 04:43:53,232
why is it wide is obviously plugged into
45448
04:43:53,912 --> 04:43:54,912
the headphone jack wireless can be
45449
04:43:56,640 --> 04:43:57,640
bluetooth especially integrated with
45450
04:43:58,480 --> 04:43:59,480
your car
45451
04:44:01,512 --> 04:44:02,512
speakers i think it's pretty obvious
45452
04:44:04,400 --> 04:44:05,400
what they do and how they work
45453
04:44:08,080 --> 04:44:09,080
external speakers can be wired or
45454
04:44:10,080 --> 04:44:11,080
wireless and come easily carried around
45455
04:44:12,960 --> 04:44:13,960
the certain um categories are
45456
04:44:14,640 --> 04:44:15,640
specifically designed for use with
45457
04:44:16,400 --> 04:44:17,400
mobile phones
45458
04:44:18,080 --> 04:44:19,080
and bluetooth such as the boom ue boom
45459
04:44:21,192 --> 04:44:22,192
which is a bestseller certainly on
45460
04:44:23,280 --> 04:44:24,280
amazon very handy if you're teaching
45461
04:44:26,000 --> 04:44:27,000
fitness classes outside
45462
04:44:30,080 --> 04:44:31,080
a game pads type of controller that puts
45463
04:44:32,552 --> 04:44:33,552
input to a video game continuous
45464
04:44:34,800 --> 04:44:35,800
smartphone or tablet into a portable
45465
04:44:37,192 --> 04:44:38,192
gaming console and give you a better
45466
04:44:38,800 --> 04:44:39,800
gaming experience
45467
04:44:40,720 --> 04:44:41,720
i'm not really sure how great the games
45468
04:44:42,480 --> 04:44:43,480
are on phones at the moment not that i'm
45469
04:44:44,080 --> 04:44:45,080
sure that can change
45470
04:44:46,232 --> 04:44:47,232
gamepad is held in two hands operated
45471
04:44:48,000 --> 04:44:49,000
with the fingers and thumbs to provide
45472
04:44:49,832 --> 04:44:50,832
input
45473
04:44:50,800 --> 04:44:51,800
they can be connected to smartphones or
45474
04:44:53,192 --> 04:44:54,192
tablets through bluetooth pairing
45475
04:44:56,720 --> 04:44:57,720
a docking station will hold your mobile
45476
04:44:58,640 --> 04:44:59,640
device in a frame that has more ports
45477
04:45:00,872 --> 04:45:01,872
which enables a mobile device to connect
45478
04:45:03,280 --> 04:45:04,280
to a full-size monitor printer keyboard
45479
04:45:05,440 --> 04:45:06,440
mouse and even ethernet and so on
45480
04:45:10,232 --> 04:45:11,232
makes it easy for your mobile device to
45481
04:45:12,400 --> 04:45:13,400
make or break connections to your
45482
04:45:13,760 --> 04:45:14,760
computer peripherals without more cables
45483
04:45:18,960 --> 04:45:19,960
a docking station for smartphones will
45484
04:45:20,872 --> 04:45:21,872
keep your phone charged and docked at an
45485
04:45:22,800 --> 04:45:23,800
angle which is comfortable for you to
45486
04:45:24,872 --> 04:45:25,872
use
45487
04:45:25,832 --> 04:45:26,832
station could also have a usb cable that
45488
04:45:28,480 --> 04:45:29,480
allows you to transfer data to other
45489
04:45:30,320 --> 04:45:31,320
devices
45490
04:45:31,512 --> 04:45:32,512
you could even have a
45491
04:45:33,120 --> 04:45:34,120
am fm radio and an alarm clock
45492
04:45:36,552 --> 04:45:37,552
battery chargers allow you to charge
45493
04:45:38,160 --> 04:45:39,160
your mobile phones and to be specific
45494
04:45:41,440 --> 04:45:42,440
they charge the mobile phone's battery
45495
04:45:45,192 --> 04:45:46,192
a stereo battery pack you can actually
45496
04:45:47,040 --> 04:45:48,040
um
45497
04:45:48,552 --> 04:45:49,552
find it but buy these at airports
45498
04:45:50,480 --> 04:45:51,480
especially and
45499
04:45:51,912 --> 04:45:52,912
just charge it with the battery pack and
45500
04:45:54,000 --> 04:45:55,000
then use that to charge you with phone
45501
04:45:55,512 --> 04:45:56,512
doesn't when
45502
04:45:58,480 --> 04:45:59,480
uh normally charge any mobile device
45503
04:46:00,320 --> 04:46:01,320
that you plug into it
45504
04:46:02,080 --> 04:46:03,080
when you have many portable devices to
45505
04:46:03,760 --> 04:46:04,760
carry um it wouldn't be prudent to carry
45506
04:46:06,080 --> 04:46:07,080
extra batteries so the battery pack
45507
04:46:08,232 --> 04:46:09,232
would come in handy for those protective
45508
04:46:10,552 --> 04:46:11,552
covers obviously handy if you
45509
04:46:12,960 --> 04:46:13,960
drop it or you want to keep the screen
45510
04:46:14,552 --> 04:46:15,552
protected whole bunch of different types
45511
04:46:16,800 --> 04:46:17,800
for that
45512
04:46:20,552 --> 04:46:21,552
credit card readers
45513
04:46:22,872 --> 04:46:23,872
i've seen these for
45514
04:46:25,192 --> 04:46:26,192
available in
45515
04:46:26,480 --> 04:46:27,480
local and computer shops and stationery
45516
04:46:28,872 --> 04:46:29,872
shops
45517
04:46:30,080 --> 04:46:31,080
they allow you to set credit card
45518
04:46:31,440 --> 04:46:32,440
payments anywhere and anytime using your
45519
04:46:33,192 --> 04:46:34,192
mobile phone you just plug in
45520
04:46:35,120 --> 04:46:36,120
this reader onto your phone and um you
45521
04:46:37,680 --> 04:46:38,680
think you can tap or swipe the card
45522
04:46:42,960 --> 04:46:43,960
works with the vendors app and i know uh
45523
04:46:47,192 --> 04:46:48,192
paypal
45524
04:46:48,320 --> 04:46:49,320
certainly have them but i'm sure some
45525
04:46:49,680 --> 04:46:50,680
other vendors use them as well
45526
04:46:52,000 --> 04:46:53,000
square credit card reader works in
45527
04:46:53,832 --> 04:46:54,832
conjunction with a square app to accept
45528
04:46:55,680 --> 04:46:56,680
credit card payments
45529
04:46:57,760 --> 04:46:58,760
memory micro sd
45530
04:46:59,912 --> 04:47:00,912
has
45531
04:47:01,360 --> 04:47:02,360
data storage based on flash technology
45532
04:47:04,080 --> 04:47:05,080
these work in a bunch of devices you'll
45533
04:47:06,400 --> 04:47:07,400
also find them in cameras
45534
04:47:08,320 --> 04:47:09,320
and um
45535
04:47:10,320 --> 04:47:11,320
dashboard cameras for your cars also i'm
45536
04:47:12,640 --> 04:47:13,640
sure they
45537
04:47:13,600 --> 04:47:14,600
work on their body cameras as well
45538
04:47:17,040 --> 04:47:18,040
secure digital sd is the type of memory
45539
04:47:19,120 --> 04:47:20,120
card that is adheres to the standards
45540
04:47:21,360 --> 04:47:22,360
developed by the
45541
04:47:23,280 --> 04:47:24,280
sd card association
45542
04:47:25,832 --> 04:47:26,832
comes in original mini and micro
45543
04:47:28,400 --> 04:47:29,400
micro is the smallest
45544
04:47:30,640 --> 04:47:31,640
so we've looked at intro to mobile
45545
04:47:32,232 --> 04:47:33,232
device accessories headset speakers
45546
04:47:35,120 --> 04:47:36,120
game pads docking station
45547
04:47:37,192 --> 04:47:38,192
battery covers credit card readers and
45548
04:47:40,000 --> 04:47:41,000
sd cards
45549
04:47:41,360 --> 04:47:42,360
thanks for listening
45550
04:47:47,220 --> 04:47:48,220
[Music]
45551
04:48:07,600 --> 04:48:08,600
mobile devices
45552
04:48:09,280 --> 04:48:10,280
email and synchronization
45553
04:48:12,480 --> 04:48:13,480
one of the main forms of communication
45554
04:48:14,232 --> 04:48:15,232
nowadays is of course email and making
45555
04:48:16,872 --> 04:48:17,872
sure that our mobile devices such as
45556
04:48:19,280 --> 04:48:20,280
tablets and smartphones can have access
45557
04:48:21,760 --> 04:48:22,760
to our email is of course one of the
45558
04:48:23,600 --> 04:48:24,600
major selling points of the devices
45559
04:48:26,160 --> 04:48:27,160
themselves the other thing is making
45560
04:48:28,080 --> 04:48:29,080
sure that our devices are kept up to
45561
04:48:29,912 --> 04:48:30,912
date with all the other things that we
45562
04:48:31,680 --> 04:48:32,680
keep on them for instance our calendars
45563
04:48:33,680 --> 04:48:34,680
files documents even music and so email
45564
04:48:37,040 --> 04:48:38,040
and synchronization although
45565
04:48:39,440 --> 04:48:40,440
similar to what we've seen with
45566
04:48:41,912 --> 04:48:42,912
our pcs and our laptops
45567
04:48:44,400 --> 04:48:45,400
is still a major a selling point of
45568
04:48:46,080 --> 04:48:47,080
these devices and something that's major
45569
04:48:47,600 --> 04:48:48,600
on the a plus exam so what we're going
45570
04:48:49,440 --> 04:48:50,440
to talk about is uh really quickly email
45571
04:48:52,080 --> 04:48:53,080
configurations how it works uh if
45572
04:48:54,080 --> 04:48:55,080
there's anything that makes it really
45573
04:48:55,512 --> 04:48:56,512
different uh from
45574
04:48:57,760 --> 04:48:58,760
our laptops and so on and how we just
45575
04:49:00,080 --> 04:49:01,080
sort of make sure everything
45576
04:49:00,800 --> 04:49:01,800
everything's copacetic with them and
45577
04:49:02,552 --> 04:49:03,552
then synchronization uh there's
45578
04:49:04,552 --> 04:49:05,552
different ways to synchronize our
45579
04:49:06,080 --> 04:49:07,080
devices of course we can do it using usb
45580
04:49:09,192 --> 04:49:10,192
which means plugging it in but we're
45581
04:49:10,800 --> 04:49:11,800
going more and more into a cordless
45582
04:49:12,720 --> 04:49:13,720
world one in which everything should
45583
04:49:14,552 --> 04:49:15,552
happen automatically and instantaneously
45584
04:49:17,120 --> 04:49:18,120
and that's why wi-fi is the major
45585
04:49:19,360 --> 04:49:20,360
selling point now of synchronization and
45586
04:49:21,120 --> 04:49:22,120
sort of the gold standard as well
45587
04:49:23,440 --> 04:49:24,440
so let's start with talking about email
45588
04:49:25,280 --> 04:49:26,280
configuration obviously it's gotten
45589
04:49:27,360 --> 04:49:28,360
easier and easier to set up email on
45590
04:49:29,192 --> 04:49:30,192
these devices
45591
04:49:30,552 --> 04:49:31,552
you can connect to a web-based email
45592
04:49:32,640 --> 04:49:33,640
such as gmail or yahoo etc using your
45593
04:49:35,360 --> 04:49:36,360
mobile browser
45594
04:49:36,800 --> 04:49:37,800
like safari or chrome or whatever the
45595
04:49:39,120 --> 04:49:40,120
mobile browser is on your device or
45596
04:49:41,360 --> 04:49:42,360
through a mail app client
45597
04:49:43,760 --> 04:49:44,760
meaning that it's built in or downloaded
45598
04:49:45,680 --> 04:49:46,680
as like an app and then you configure
45599
04:49:47,832 --> 04:49:48,832
that app to access your email and this
45600
04:49:50,232 --> 04:49:51,232
is a little simpler than doing it
45601
04:49:51,512 --> 04:49:52,512
through a mobile device
45602
04:49:53,600 --> 04:49:54,600
especially sorry a mobile browser
45603
04:49:55,360 --> 04:49:56,360
especially because you can access this
45604
04:49:57,912 --> 04:49:58,912
stuff
45605
04:49:58,720 --> 04:49:59,720
uh using uh even when you're not on the
45606
04:50:01,680 --> 04:50:02,680
network or don't have uh
45607
04:50:03,832 --> 04:50:04,832
network connection or data connectivity
45608
04:50:06,232 --> 04:50:07,232
so uh this is similar to desktop
45609
04:50:08,400 --> 04:50:09,400
communication configuration we're
45610
04:50:10,400 --> 04:50:11,400
generally want to use imap sometimes
45611
04:50:13,040 --> 04:50:14,040
pop3 or if we're in a big enterprise
45612
04:50:15,512 --> 04:50:16,512
setting exchange we can see that
45613
04:50:17,360 --> 04:50:18,360
exchange is right here and all of the
45614
04:50:19,440 --> 04:50:20,440
other ones are sort of automatic based
45615
04:50:21,512 --> 04:50:22,512
on the service you use and actually it
45616
04:50:23,512 --> 04:50:24,512
will set this up usually using imap if
45617
04:50:26,480 --> 04:50:27,480
possible
45618
04:50:27,600 --> 04:50:28,600
and so uh the reason being that imap and
45619
04:50:29,680 --> 04:50:30,680
exchange works similarly in that they
45620
04:50:31,832 --> 04:50:32,832
both if you recall can allow you to
45621
04:50:34,872 --> 04:50:35,872
create folders and if you read it on
45622
04:50:37,600 --> 04:50:38,600
your device it'll then be shown as read
45623
04:50:39,832 --> 04:50:40,832
on your home computer or on the web
45624
04:50:43,360 --> 04:50:44,360
the setup is automated for you based on
45625
04:50:45,832 --> 04:50:46,832
your service so if you select gmail it's
45626
04:50:48,400 --> 04:50:49,400
automatically going to fill all the
45627
04:50:49,440 --> 04:50:50,440
details for you if you select yahoo it's
45628
04:50:50,960 --> 04:50:51,960
going to fill in the details for you
45629
04:50:52,080 --> 04:50:53,080
same with aol hotmail and so on now
45630
04:50:54,552 --> 04:50:55,552
exchange same thing sometimes you might
45631
04:50:57,040 --> 04:50:58,040
have to select other if
45632
04:50:59,280 --> 04:51:00,280
it doesn't fall into any of these
45633
04:51:00,872 --> 04:51:01,872
categories and by the way when you hit
45634
04:51:02,552 --> 04:51:03,552
email over here it's going to do the
45635
04:51:04,080 --> 04:51:05,080
same exact thing of course there is a
45636
04:51:06,000 --> 04:51:07,000
specific google setup
45637
04:51:07,760 --> 04:51:08,760
any yahoo mail one as well but you can
45638
04:51:10,400 --> 04:51:11,400
set up email for just about anything
45639
04:51:12,800 --> 04:51:13,800
depending on the service and generally
45640
04:51:14,640 --> 04:51:15,640
speaking it'll recognize the settings
45641
04:51:16,320 --> 04:51:17,320
that need to go in there limiting the
45642
04:51:17,832 --> 04:51:18,832
amount of faults that you can have but
45643
04:51:20,160 --> 04:51:21,160
also limiting
45644
04:51:21,680 --> 04:51:22,680
the uh
45645
04:51:23,440 --> 04:51:24,440
errors that will occur
45646
04:51:25,280 --> 04:51:26,280
sometimes you may require manual setup
45647
04:51:27,512 --> 04:51:28,512
as i said in that case you're going to
45648
04:51:28,800 --> 04:51:29,800
go to other or sort of the generic email
45649
04:51:30,960 --> 04:51:31,960
setup now
45650
04:51:35,192 --> 04:51:36,192
we also have an option whether we want
45651
04:51:36,800 --> 04:51:37,800
to push or fetch the email and these are
45652
04:51:39,912 --> 04:51:40,912
slightly different so let's talk about
45653
04:51:41,360 --> 04:51:42,360
them for a second push automatically
45654
04:51:43,832 --> 04:51:44,832
pushes new emails or is pushed to them
45655
04:51:46,480 --> 04:51:47,480
to your device whenever they arrive so
45656
04:51:48,720 --> 04:51:49,720
if a new email comes in the server then
45657
04:51:51,120 --> 04:51:52,120
pushes that out to your device obviously
45658
04:51:53,512 --> 04:51:54,512
then your frequency of checking the
45659
04:51:55,440 --> 04:51:56,440
email you don't have to worry about
45660
04:51:56,800 --> 04:51:57,800
checking it because it's checked
45661
04:51:57,832 --> 04:51:58,832
automatically for you of course the
45662
04:51:59,832 --> 04:52:00,832
downside of this is it's going to take a
45663
04:52:01,680 --> 04:52:02,680
lot more battery life and data usage and
45664
04:52:04,160 --> 04:52:05,160
it's not always available for instance
45665
04:52:06,000 --> 04:52:07,000
on the service some services maybe a
45666
04:52:08,160 --> 04:52:09,160
gmail or yahoo depending on how you're
45667
04:52:09,600 --> 04:52:10,600
setting it up might not allow you to use
45668
04:52:12,232 --> 04:52:13,232
push setup maybe your other
45669
04:52:14,960 --> 04:52:15,960
device or your other service that you're
45670
04:52:16,640 --> 04:52:17,640
using and so sometimes we have to do
45671
04:52:18,640 --> 04:52:19,640
what's called fetch what fetch does is
45672
04:52:21,120 --> 04:52:22,120
it asks the server for new email on a
45673
04:52:23,192 --> 04:52:24,192
set time frame every 15 minutes every 30
45674
04:52:25,832 --> 04:52:26,832
minutes or even manually when you choose
45675
04:52:28,160 --> 04:52:29,160
to do it and as a result it's not
45676
04:52:30,480 --> 04:52:31,480
automatic right you can get an you can
45677
04:52:32,480 --> 04:52:33,480
get 10 emails in the span of 15 minutes
45678
04:52:34,872 --> 04:52:35,872
but it's only going to collect them
45679
04:52:36,400 --> 04:52:37,400
every 15 minutes so some people will say
45680
04:52:38,720 --> 04:52:39,720
actually what you should do is set it to
45681
04:52:40,160 --> 04:52:41,160
like hourly um that way
45682
04:52:43,120 --> 04:52:44,120
you're not going to worry about you know
45683
04:52:45,192 --> 04:52:46,192
emails coming in and having to respond
45684
04:52:46,640 --> 04:52:47,640
to them immediately or do it manually so
45685
04:52:48,960 --> 04:52:49,960
you're in more control of course push is
45686
04:52:51,192 --> 04:52:52,192
going to be the most up-to-date which is
45687
04:52:52,800 --> 04:52:53,800
the reason why it's sometimes the most
45688
04:52:54,320 --> 04:52:55,320
popular
45689
04:52:55,680 --> 04:52:56,680
so fetch is not as up-to-date but it
45690
04:52:57,912 --> 04:52:58,912
does conserve more battery life and data
45691
04:53:02,080 --> 04:53:03,080
now when we're troubleshooting email
45692
04:53:03,600 --> 04:53:04,600
when it comes to these devices we're
45693
04:53:05,192 --> 04:53:06,192
looking at the same things we're going
45694
04:53:06,552 --> 04:53:07,552
to look at
45695
04:53:07,832 --> 04:53:08,832
when we are in a regular pc or laptop
45696
04:53:11,512 --> 04:53:12,512
first of all the best place to start i
45697
04:53:13,760 --> 04:53:14,760
always say is to go to your email
45698
04:53:15,120 --> 04:53:16,120
provider's help desk or knowledge base
45699
04:53:16,800 --> 04:53:17,800
because you might have uh specific
45700
04:53:19,040 --> 04:53:20,040
settings that you need
45701
04:53:21,280 --> 04:53:22,280
you know for your device and those the
45702
04:53:23,440 --> 04:53:24,440
only person is going to know that best
45703
04:53:24,720 --> 04:53:25,720
is the organization providing you your
45704
04:53:26,480 --> 04:53:27,480
email so double check all of your
45705
04:53:28,640 --> 04:53:29,640
settings including ports for instance
45706
04:53:31,192 --> 04:53:32,192
we know that smtp the sending out email
45707
04:53:34,232 --> 04:53:35,232
works on port 25 but when we're on a
45708
04:53:36,320 --> 04:53:37,320
mobile device we're moving around
45709
04:53:39,760 --> 04:53:40,760
all the time and we're going to be
45710
04:53:41,040 --> 04:53:42,040
accessing different servers remember
45711
04:53:42,872 --> 04:53:43,872
that smtp only works if you're on your
45712
04:53:44,720 --> 04:53:45,720
local server right and so if i am at a
45713
04:53:47,512 --> 04:53:48,512
hotel i'm not on my local server anymore
45714
04:53:49,680 --> 04:53:50,680
so i need to double check my ports it
45715
04:53:51,512 --> 04:53:52,512
might be for instance port 587 which
45716
04:53:54,000 --> 04:53:55,000
works on a mail relay
45717
04:53:56,552 --> 04:53:57,552
and so this is important to keep in mind
45718
04:53:58,800 --> 04:53:59,800
you want to check your ports remember
45719
04:54:00,232 --> 04:54:01,232
what the other ports are this is going
45720
04:54:01,600 --> 04:54:02,600
to help you 110
45721
04:54:03,760 --> 04:54:04,760
right is for pop3
45722
04:54:05,832 --> 04:54:06,832
and 143 is the default for imap again
45723
04:54:09,192 --> 04:54:10,192
check with your knowledge base or your
45724
04:54:11,280 --> 04:54:12,280
email provider's help desk in order to
45725
04:54:13,600 --> 04:54:14,600
figure out if these are in fact the same
45726
04:54:15,360 --> 04:54:16,360
ports they're using only because they're
45727
04:54:16,872 --> 04:54:17,872
the default doesn't mean it's what
45728
04:54:18,080 --> 04:54:19,080
they're going to use you also want to
45729
04:54:20,000 --> 04:54:21,000
ensure that there aren't any special
45730
04:54:21,440 --> 04:54:22,440
setup requirements for instance with ssl
45731
04:54:24,232 --> 04:54:25,232
or tls or one of these secure
45732
04:54:28,232 --> 04:54:29,232
setup
45733
04:54:29,512 --> 04:54:30,512
choices and so
45734
04:54:31,512 --> 04:54:32,512
you need to make sure that you've you
45735
04:54:33,280 --> 04:54:34,280
know taken care of those on your end you
45736
04:54:35,832 --> 04:54:36,832
also want to double check all your your
45737
04:54:37,760 --> 04:54:38,760
passwords and your username as well
45738
04:54:40,000 --> 04:54:41,000
sometimes for instance uh let's say i
45739
04:54:42,320 --> 04:54:43,320
had josh gmail.com
45740
04:54:44,960 --> 04:54:45,960
they're gonna require you your username
45741
04:54:46,960 --> 04:54:47,960
to type in this entire thing not just uh
45742
04:54:51,040 --> 04:54:52,040
your
45743
04:54:52,400 --> 04:54:53,400
uh you know this part of it okay so
45744
04:54:54,640 --> 04:54:55,640
that's important but when you have a
45745
04:54:56,320 --> 04:54:57,320
small keyboard and using your fingers
45746
04:54:58,000 --> 04:54:59,000
it's very easy to make mistakes uh when
45747
04:55:00,400 --> 04:55:01,400
typing and so you really want to double
45748
04:55:02,400 --> 04:55:03,400
check uh your password if you're having
45749
04:55:04,720 --> 04:55:05,720
any errors
45750
04:55:06,800 --> 04:55:07,800
finally you can always make sure that
45751
04:55:08,320 --> 04:55:09,320
you have connectivity if you're not
45752
04:55:09,680 --> 04:55:10,680
getting email especially if it was
45753
04:55:11,192 --> 04:55:12,192
working previously the biggest reason
45754
04:55:13,512 --> 04:55:14,512
could be that you're no longer connected
45755
04:55:14,800 --> 04:55:15,800
to the internet
45756
04:55:16,800 --> 04:55:17,800
so let's talk about synchronization
45757
04:55:18,232 --> 04:55:19,232
obviously we want to keep email up to
45758
04:55:19,600 --> 04:55:20,600
date and we can do that using push or
45759
04:55:21,120 --> 04:55:22,120
fetch but there are other things we're
45760
04:55:22,552 --> 04:55:23,552
synchronizing uh our apps we're
45761
04:55:24,960 --> 04:55:25,960
synchronizing our
45762
04:55:27,040 --> 04:55:28,040
calendars uh documents etc and so we
45763
04:55:30,160 --> 04:55:31,160
want to match up files and emails as
45764
04:55:32,552 --> 04:55:33,552
well as other types of data between our
45765
04:55:34,480 --> 04:55:35,480
devices because the idea is i can work
45766
04:55:36,720 --> 04:55:37,720
on my smartphone and then go over to my
45767
04:55:38,720 --> 04:55:39,720
computer and it's going to work as well
45768
04:55:40,640 --> 04:55:41,640
so for synchronization a mobile device
45769
04:55:42,872 --> 04:55:43,872
can actually connect via usb
45770
04:55:45,360 --> 04:55:46,360
wi-fi
45771
04:55:46,800 --> 04:55:47,800
and bluetooth sometimes even a serial
45772
04:55:49,192 --> 04:55:50,192
connection although we see that very
45773
04:55:50,720 --> 04:55:51,720
rarely these days on these devices but
45774
04:55:53,680 --> 04:55:54,680
it's important however you're going to
45775
04:55:55,040 --> 04:55:56,040
synchronize to set it up in such a way
45776
04:55:57,360 --> 04:55:58,360
that it's going to continually
45777
04:55:58,480 --> 04:55:59,480
synchronize now of course one of the
45778
04:55:59,760 --> 04:56:00,760
problems with usb is you always have to
45779
04:56:01,832 --> 04:56:02,832
plug it in so if i go three weeks
45780
04:56:03,832 --> 04:56:04,832
without plugging in now i'm not going to
45781
04:56:05,192 --> 04:56:06,192
be up to date on my phone that just
45782
04:56:06,720 --> 04:56:07,720
doesn't make sense so that's why
45783
04:56:08,480 --> 04:56:09,480
generally speaking uh wi-fi is going to
45784
04:56:11,360 --> 04:56:12,360
be the current gold standard for that
45785
04:56:13,120 --> 04:56:14,120
because no matter or cellular
45786
04:56:15,832 --> 04:56:16,832
actually but any sort of sort of non-uh
45787
04:56:19,192 --> 04:56:20,192
plugging in way you can do it and in
45788
04:56:21,280 --> 04:56:22,280
fact you can still
45789
04:56:22,872 --> 04:56:23,872
synchronize the same way of via itunes
45790
04:56:25,912 --> 04:56:26,912
for instance for
45791
04:56:27,600 --> 04:56:28,600
your apple device even through wi-fi
45792
04:56:30,080 --> 04:56:31,080
these days so you don't have to plug up
45793
04:56:32,160 --> 04:56:33,160
now when you're doing an android usb
45794
04:56:34,080 --> 04:56:35,080
synchronization uh you plug up your
45795
04:56:36,480 --> 04:56:37,480
usb port uh to the android device and
45796
04:56:39,360 --> 04:56:40,360
you plug it up to the computer and
45797
04:56:40,800 --> 04:56:41,800
you're gonna have several different uh
45798
04:56:42,720 --> 04:56:43,720
options that appear as you can see here
45799
04:56:44,720 --> 04:56:45,720
i just want to go over a couple of them
45800
04:56:46,080 --> 04:56:47,080
the first is a charge only so basically
45801
04:56:48,320 --> 04:56:49,320
it's not going to deal with any data all
45802
04:56:50,000 --> 04:56:51,000
it's going to do is charge the device as
45803
04:56:51,912 --> 04:56:52,912
you know it charges it through a usb
45804
04:56:53,760 --> 04:56:54,760
port as well you can also synchronize
45805
04:56:55,760 --> 04:56:56,760
with your desktop using
45806
04:56:57,440 --> 04:56:58,440
something called htc
45807
04:56:59,120 --> 04:57:00,120
uh htc sync for some of these android
45808
04:57:01,600 --> 04:57:02,600
devices but any sort of desktop software
45809
04:57:04,160 --> 04:57:05,160
whatever that software is that you're
45810
04:57:05,440 --> 04:57:06,440
going to download
45811
04:57:07,120 --> 04:57:08,120
it's provided by your manufacturer you
45812
04:57:09,360 --> 04:57:10,360
can use that to sync as well
45813
04:57:11,512 --> 04:57:12,512
you can also use your device as a disk
45814
04:57:13,600 --> 04:57:14,600
drive which is another option that's not
45815
04:57:15,680 --> 04:57:16,680
really available to
45816
04:57:17,280 --> 04:57:18,280
ios users as easily although it is sort
45817
04:57:20,160 --> 04:57:21,160
of available if you jailbreak your phone
45818
04:57:21,512 --> 04:57:22,512
or if you set it up through itunes but
45819
04:57:23,440 --> 04:57:24,440
you can use your device as a disk drive
45820
04:57:25,120 --> 04:57:26,120
meaning that the device mounts looks
45821
04:57:26,960 --> 04:57:27,960
like a usb removable drive or an extra
45822
04:57:29,360 --> 04:57:30,360
drive on your system and you can just
45823
04:57:31,040 --> 04:57:32,040
drag and drop stuff over to it which is
45824
04:57:32,960 --> 04:57:33,960
the main benefit there's also an
45825
04:57:35,040 --> 04:57:36,040
internet connection mode which is like
45826
04:57:37,280 --> 04:57:38,280
tethering okay so that shares out your
45827
04:57:40,640 --> 04:57:41,640
cell network with the computer uh
45828
04:57:43,680 --> 04:57:44,680
similar but different is the internet
45829
04:57:45,360 --> 04:57:46,360
pass-through this shares the computer's
45830
04:57:47,760 --> 04:57:48,760
network with the device so if i don't
45831
04:57:50,640 --> 04:57:51,640
have wi-fi for some reason and i don't
45832
04:57:52,320 --> 04:57:53,320
have a cellular network i might use my
45833
04:57:55,120 --> 04:57:56,120
computer's network uh abilities through
45834
04:57:58,160 --> 04:57:59,160
to allow my htc phone or my android
45835
04:58:00,800 --> 04:58:01,800
phone uh to get internet there's also
45836
04:58:02,800 --> 04:58:03,800
this media sync which is going to
45837
04:58:03,912 --> 04:58:04,912
synchronize like pictures photos movies
45838
04:58:05,760 --> 04:58:06,760
etc but that's not as important for this
45839
04:58:08,000 --> 04:58:09,000
setting again
45840
04:58:09,360 --> 04:58:10,360
any of these you have to plug up via usb
45841
04:58:11,832 --> 04:58:12,832
which is sort of the downside of it
45842
04:58:13,280 --> 04:58:14,280
because that that requires sort of a
45843
04:58:16,232 --> 04:58:17,232
certain degree of
45844
04:58:18,232 --> 04:58:19,232
um
45845
04:58:19,912 --> 04:58:20,912
discipline to make sure that you're
45846
04:58:21,192 --> 04:58:22,192
going to plug it in all the times that
45847
04:58:22,400 --> 04:58:23,400
you need to to keep everything up to
45848
04:58:23,680 --> 04:58:24,680
date
45849
04:58:24,552 --> 04:58:25,552
now with ios usb we're going to be using
45850
04:58:27,760 --> 04:58:28,760
um an iphone and so i'm sorry itunes and
45851
04:58:31,760 --> 04:58:32,760
so you need to
45852
04:58:33,912 --> 04:58:34,912
have itunes on your computer whether
45853
04:58:35,600 --> 04:58:36,600
that's a mac or a windows pc it is the
45854
04:58:37,600 --> 04:58:38,600
device it is the software that it uses
45855
04:58:40,320 --> 04:58:41,320
and you may or may not be able to charge
45856
04:58:42,400 --> 04:58:43,400
your ios device when it's connected to
45857
04:58:44,160 --> 04:58:45,160
your usb port it really depends on the
45858
04:58:46,400 --> 04:58:47,400
power uh
45859
04:58:48,160 --> 04:58:49,160
provided
45860
04:58:50,080 --> 04:58:51,080
by the usb
45861
04:58:51,680 --> 04:58:52,680
um
45862
04:58:53,120 --> 04:58:54,120
port some ipads for instance will not
45863
04:58:56,160 --> 04:58:57,160
charge if you plug them up to your
45864
04:58:58,000 --> 04:58:59,000
computer and so that's just something
45865
04:58:59,360 --> 04:59:00,360
important to know so only because it's
45866
04:59:01,192 --> 04:59:02,192
plugged up it might not actually be
45867
04:59:03,280 --> 04:59:04,280
powering uh and that's important because
45868
04:59:05,280 --> 04:59:06,280
you could sync and then lose all of your
45869
04:59:07,280 --> 04:59:08,280
um all of your battery now when we
45870
04:59:10,000 --> 04:59:11,000
synchronize we're gonna use itunes as i
45871
04:59:12,232 --> 04:59:13,232
just mentioned because that's the sort
45872
04:59:14,320 --> 04:59:15,320
of software that it requires uh you
45873
04:59:16,552 --> 04:59:17,552
don't have to have itunes necessarily to
45874
04:59:19,600 --> 04:59:20,600
use your iphone you just have to have it
45875
04:59:21,280 --> 04:59:22,280
if you want to be syncing it with any of
45876
04:59:23,360 --> 04:59:24,360
these things apps music movie tv shows
45877
04:59:27,040 --> 04:59:28,040
or photos everything else for the most
45878
04:59:29,512 --> 04:59:30,512
part you can actually do over the
45879
04:59:31,360 --> 04:59:32,360
wireless connection
45880
04:59:32,960 --> 04:59:33,960
you can also use itunes to determine
45881
04:59:35,360 --> 04:59:36,360
what to sync so by clicking on any one
45882
04:59:37,040 --> 04:59:38,040
of these things you can go through and
45883
04:59:39,360 --> 04:59:40,360
say what do you want to sync and how you
45884
04:59:40,960 --> 04:59:41,960
want to sync it now the other thing is
45885
04:59:43,040 --> 04:59:44,040
you can actually on the latest version
45886
04:59:44,640 --> 04:59:45,640
of ios once you've done this once you
45887
04:59:46,872 --> 04:59:47,872
can check a box right down here that
45888
04:59:48,320 --> 04:59:49,320
says sync with this iphone over wi-fi
45889
04:59:50,400 --> 04:59:51,400
and from then on you actually don't have
45890
04:59:52,080 --> 04:59:53,080
to plug the device up to your computer
45891
04:59:54,480 --> 04:59:55,480
what it does is anytime your iphone or
45892
04:59:56,872 --> 04:59:57,872
your ipad or any ios device is on the
45893
04:59:59,440 --> 05:00:00,440
same wi-fi network as your itunes
45894
05:00:01,680 --> 05:00:02,680
computer it'll automatically recognize
45895
05:00:03,912 --> 05:00:04,912
it and sync it wirelessly so as long as
45896
05:00:06,000 --> 05:00:07,000
you're at home with your computer on and
45897
05:00:07,832 --> 05:00:08,832
itunes on it's going to do it
45898
05:00:09,040 --> 05:00:10,040
automatically for you generally speaking
45899
05:00:11,680 --> 05:00:12,680
when the phone is plugged in okay so
45900
05:00:14,480 --> 05:00:15,480
this is sort of why we're where we're
45901
05:00:16,640 --> 05:00:17,640
going and we really want that because
45902
05:00:18,400 --> 05:00:19,400
then i don't have to remember to plug it
45903
05:00:19,912 --> 05:00:20,912
in it's always going to be up to date
45904
05:00:21,832 --> 05:00:22,832
now with wireless synchronization in
45905
05:00:24,320 --> 05:00:25,320
both cases there are services such as
45906
05:00:26,640 --> 05:00:27,640
google and dropbox that allow for
45907
05:00:28,720 --> 05:00:29,720
synchronization through the internet for
45908
05:00:30,400 --> 05:00:31,400
instance your email you don't have to
45909
05:00:32,160 --> 05:00:33,160
plug up your your usb uh to get your
45910
05:00:34,800 --> 05:00:35,800
email up to date because it's doing it
45911
05:00:36,160 --> 05:00:37,160
through the internet so any service
45912
05:00:37,912 --> 05:00:38,912
that's going to synchronize over the web
45913
05:00:40,080 --> 05:00:41,080
over the internet is a good thing
45914
05:00:41,832 --> 05:00:42,832
dropbox synchronizes over the internet
45915
05:00:43,512 --> 05:00:44,512
google synchronizes over the internet so
45916
05:00:45,040 --> 05:00:46,040
if you're using dropbox safe for your
45917
05:00:47,040 --> 05:00:48,040
files and let's say you're using google
45918
05:00:49,192 --> 05:00:50,192
for like your contacts and your mail and
45919
05:00:52,720 --> 05:00:53,720
your calendar etc then these are going
45920
05:00:54,552 --> 05:00:55,552
to synchronize automatically now
45921
05:00:57,440 --> 05:00:58,440
ios
45922
05:00:58,800 --> 05:00:59,800
apple has released a service that will
45923
05:01:00,400 --> 05:01:01,400
do this for you as well which is called
45924
05:01:02,320 --> 05:01:03,320
the icloud icloud allows you to
45925
05:01:04,480 --> 05:01:05,480
synchronize any of these things
45926
05:01:06,800 --> 05:01:07,800
including something called find my
45927
05:01:08,160 --> 05:01:09,160
iphone which we'll talk about a little
45928
05:01:09,440 --> 05:01:10,440
later which allows you to locate your
45929
05:01:10,960 --> 05:01:11,960
phone in case it's stolen or lost but
45930
05:01:13,040 --> 05:01:14,040
you could synchronize say bookmarks on
45931
05:01:15,192 --> 05:01:16,192
safari uh reminders to help you remember
45932
05:01:18,400 --> 05:01:19,400
things that you need to do for instance
45933
05:01:19,760 --> 05:01:20,760
set a reminder on your um
45934
05:01:21,600 --> 05:01:22,600
iphone and then when you come home it'll
45935
05:01:23,040 --> 05:01:24,040
remind you on your computer contacts
45936
05:01:24,960 --> 05:01:25,960
obviously a big one we don't want to
45937
05:01:26,320 --> 05:01:27,320
lose any of that stuff so icloud is sort
45938
05:01:28,720 --> 05:01:29,720
of apple's answer to these services you
45939
05:01:31,912 --> 05:01:32,912
can also notice
45940
05:01:34,080 --> 05:01:35,080
sync certain documents and data
45941
05:01:35,680 --> 05:01:36,680
specifically those that work with apple
45942
05:01:37,600 --> 05:01:38,600
products so the only problem with icloud
45943
05:01:40,480 --> 05:01:41,480
is they have to be apple products for
45944
05:01:42,320 --> 05:01:43,320
the most part and if you're not sort of
45945
05:01:44,080 --> 05:01:45,080
embedded into the
45946
05:01:45,760 --> 05:01:46,760
apple uh ecosystem we'll say then this
45947
05:01:48,640 --> 05:01:49,640
is not going to work so well for you
45948
05:01:50,872 --> 05:01:51,872
in a perfect world i just want to say
45949
05:01:52,800 --> 05:01:53,800
this you should only plug in your device
45950
05:01:54,720 --> 05:01:55,720
to charge it you shouldn't have to plug
45951
05:01:56,160 --> 05:01:57,160
it in to synchronize stuff of course
45952
05:01:57,832 --> 05:01:58,832
that sometimes doesn't work so well but
45953
05:01:59,912 --> 05:02:00,912
nowadays just about everything can be
45954
05:02:01,680 --> 05:02:02,680
done wirelessly and that's where we want
45955
05:02:03,280 --> 05:02:04,280
to go so that way you don't have to
45956
05:02:04,800 --> 05:02:05,800
think about it it just happens
45957
05:02:07,120 --> 05:02:08,120
okay so as a short video but an
45958
05:02:09,040 --> 05:02:10,040
important one in the last we talked
45959
05:02:10,232 --> 05:02:11,232
about email configurations remember
45960
05:02:11,832 --> 05:02:12,832
we're really going to want to lean on
45961
05:02:13,192 --> 05:02:14,192
imap or exchange because they allow the
45962
05:02:15,680 --> 05:02:16,680
organization of folders we're going to
45963
05:02:17,512 --> 05:02:18,512
want to check our ports to make sure
45964
05:02:19,440 --> 05:02:20,440
they're good and you can don't forget
45965
05:02:21,680 --> 05:02:22,680
use a mobile web browser
45966
05:02:24,232 --> 05:02:25,232
to access your stuff but we're generally
45967
05:02:26,400 --> 05:02:27,400
going to want to configure
45968
05:02:28,872 --> 05:02:29,872
a client computer a client app rather we
45969
05:02:33,040 --> 05:02:34,040
also talked about synchronization
45970
05:02:34,872 --> 05:02:35,872
wireless being the de facto uh we can
45971
05:02:37,360 --> 05:02:38,360
plug in through usb and there are
45972
05:02:38,960 --> 05:02:39,960
several options but that requires us to
45973
05:02:41,192 --> 05:02:42,192
plug in and remember the problem with
45974
05:02:43,120 --> 05:02:44,120
plugging in is you have to be
45975
05:02:44,720 --> 05:02:45,720
disciplined
45976
05:02:46,800 --> 05:02:47,800
and remember to plug in
45977
05:02:48,960 --> 05:02:49,960
as opposed to wi-fi where you don't have
45978
05:02:51,192 --> 05:02:52,192
to remember at all right it does it
45979
05:02:52,800 --> 05:02:53,800
automatically anytime you're in uh well
45980
05:02:55,680 --> 05:02:56,680
not only whenever you're connected to
45981
05:02:57,040 --> 05:02:58,040
the internet in case of like icloud or
45982
05:02:59,912 --> 05:03:00,912
google but if you're on the same network
45983
05:03:02,320 --> 05:03:03,320
as say your itunes device then
45984
05:03:05,040 --> 05:03:06,040
let's say rather your itunes computer
45985
05:03:07,600 --> 05:03:08,600
then it'll automatically happen and sync
45986
05:03:09,512 --> 05:03:10,512
all the other stuff as well
45987
05:03:11,512 --> 05:03:12,512
great so now that we've talked about all
45988
05:03:13,440 --> 05:03:14,440
of this stuff email configuration
45989
05:03:15,120 --> 05:03:16,120
synchronization usb wi-fi let's finish
45990
05:03:17,680 --> 05:03:18,680
up this talk about uh mobile devices
45991
05:03:20,800 --> 05:03:21,800
with a little look at security and what
45992
05:03:22,480 --> 05:03:23,480
we can do in case we lose our device or
45993
05:03:24,480 --> 05:03:25,480
what we should do to make sure that
45994
05:03:26,232 --> 05:03:27,232
they're not going to get
45995
05:03:27,912 --> 05:03:28,912
our information won't get hacked
45996
05:03:33,520 --> 05:03:34,520
[Music]
45997
05:03:49,440 --> 05:03:50,440
welcome to module 21 lesson 3a
45998
05:03:52,160 --> 05:03:53,160
mobile device network connectivity
45999
05:03:55,760 --> 05:03:56,760
we're going to look at smartphone
46000
05:03:57,120 --> 05:03:58,120
processors a baseband processor
46001
05:04:00,480 --> 05:04:01,480
pri prl
46002
05:04:02,960 --> 05:04:03,960
imei
46003
05:04:05,040 --> 05:04:06,040
imsi
46004
05:04:06,872 --> 05:04:07,872
vpn
46005
05:04:09,120 --> 05:04:10,120
so smartphones are equipped with two
46006
05:04:10,640 --> 05:04:11,640
different processors a baseband
46007
05:04:13,120 --> 05:04:14,120
processor bp and an application
46008
05:04:15,192 --> 05:04:16,192
processor ap
46009
05:04:17,440 --> 05:04:18,440
the application processor takes care of
46010
05:04:19,440 --> 05:04:20,440
general purpose computing this is your
46011
05:04:22,080 --> 05:04:23,080
user interface
46012
05:04:23,832 --> 05:04:24,832
and running all the applications that
46013
05:04:25,512 --> 05:04:26,512
you have on your phone
46014
05:04:27,280 --> 05:04:28,280
the baseband takes care of
46015
05:04:28,800 --> 05:04:29,800
communications over wireless cellular
46016
05:04:30,872 --> 05:04:31,872
networks
46017
05:04:32,400 --> 05:04:33,400
the basebomb processor has its own
46018
05:04:34,320 --> 05:04:35,320
firmware and its own memory
46019
05:04:37,512 --> 05:04:38,512
a baseband processor runs real-time
46020
05:04:39,680 --> 05:04:40,680
operating system it manages your radio
46021
05:04:42,000 --> 05:04:43,000
communications between your smartphone
46022
05:04:44,640 --> 05:04:45,640
and the base station wherever that may
46023
05:04:46,552 --> 05:04:47,552
be that belongs to your um mobile
46024
05:04:49,120 --> 05:04:50,120
network operator
46025
05:04:51,040 --> 05:04:52,040
your baseband processor firmware is
46026
05:04:53,280 --> 05:04:54,280
updated over the air
46027
05:04:56,000 --> 05:04:57,000
you don't normally um
46028
05:04:57,760 --> 05:04:58,760
you're not normally aware of this
46029
05:04:58,960 --> 05:04:59,960
actually happening
46030
05:05:00,640 --> 05:05:01,640
pra stands for product release
46031
05:05:02,552 --> 05:05:03,552
instructions
46032
05:05:04,232 --> 05:05:05,232
pri is the radio settings that come
46033
05:05:06,000 --> 05:05:07,000
pre-installed on a cdma mobile phone
46034
05:05:09,512 --> 05:05:10,512
that contains
46035
05:05:10,872 --> 05:05:11,872
information such as the network code
46036
05:05:13,680 --> 05:05:14,680
your country code your cdma channels
46037
05:05:16,720 --> 05:05:17,720
your prl version
46038
05:05:18,552 --> 05:05:19,552
and your phone lock code etc
46039
05:05:22,000 --> 05:05:23,000
it's updated over there also
46040
05:05:25,120 --> 05:05:26,120
prl is your preferred roaming list it's
46041
05:05:27,280 --> 05:05:28,280
a database that resides in a cdma mobile
46042
05:05:31,120 --> 05:05:32,120
phone it's used when the phone is
46043
05:05:33,040 --> 05:05:34,040
looking for the cdma service
46044
05:05:36,640 --> 05:05:37,640
the prl contains a list of mobile
46045
05:05:39,040 --> 05:05:40,040
network systems that a mobile phone can
46046
05:05:40,872 --> 05:05:41,872
access and the frequencies
46047
05:05:43,192 --> 05:05:44,192
on which they're available
46048
05:05:45,680 --> 05:05:46,680
the prl assists the mobile phone in
46049
05:05:47,832 --> 05:05:48,832
selecting a serving mobile network
46050
05:05:50,552 --> 05:05:51,552
system based on the order of preference
46051
05:05:52,720 --> 05:05:53,720
so you could have one two three four and
46052
05:05:55,040 --> 05:05:56,040
so on
46053
05:05:56,320 --> 05:05:57,320
the prl information is set by the mobile
46054
05:05:59,040 --> 05:06:00,040
provider and is not accessible by you
46055
05:06:01,600 --> 05:06:02,600
the
46056
05:06:02,832 --> 05:06:03,832
user it can be updated over the air
46057
05:06:05,760 --> 05:06:06,760
again
46058
05:06:07,120 --> 05:06:08,120
where an updated prl ensures that you
46059
05:06:09,120 --> 05:06:10,120
have the updated network settings and
46060
05:06:11,120 --> 05:06:12,120
you can get the best coverage i'm sure
46061
05:06:13,120 --> 05:06:14,120
they change these settings over time
46062
05:06:15,280 --> 05:06:16,280
based upon new
46063
05:06:16,640 --> 05:06:17,640
maths and contracts with other providers
46064
05:06:19,760 --> 05:06:20,760
imei stands for international mobile
46065
05:06:22,232 --> 05:06:23,232
equipment identity
46066
05:06:24,320 --> 05:06:25,320
typically a 15 digit unique number
46067
05:06:27,040 --> 05:06:28,040
assigned to a mobile phone
46068
05:06:29,120 --> 05:06:30,120
it's used to stop a solo mobile phone
46069
05:06:31,040 --> 05:06:32,040
from accessing the networks you'd
46070
05:06:32,720 --> 05:06:33,720
normally call up and report it stolen
46071
05:06:34,720 --> 05:06:35,720
and
46072
05:06:35,360 --> 05:06:36,360
they would hopefully already know what
46073
05:06:37,120 --> 05:06:38,120
your imei is
46074
05:06:39,360 --> 05:06:40,360
imsi is the international mobile
46075
05:06:41,832 --> 05:06:42,832
subscriber identity
46076
05:06:43,912 --> 05:06:44,912
15 digit number provisioned in the sim
46077
05:06:46,160 --> 05:06:47,160
card for the gsm network
46078
05:06:48,480 --> 05:06:49,480
it's used to identify the user of a
46079
05:06:50,080 --> 05:06:51,080
cellular number
46080
05:06:53,040 --> 05:06:54,040
vpn we've discussed another context i'm
46081
05:06:56,320 --> 05:06:57,320
sure
46082
05:06:57,120 --> 05:06:58,120
virtual network built upon an existing
46083
05:06:59,512 --> 05:07:00,512
public network
46084
05:07:00,872 --> 05:07:01,872
used to provide a secure secure
46085
05:07:02,720 --> 05:07:03,720
communication between two networks
46086
05:07:05,912 --> 05:07:06,912
and mobile operating systems usually
46087
05:07:08,080 --> 05:07:09,080
support the vpn feature just check all
46088
05:07:10,160 --> 05:07:11,160
your release notes for example ios and
46089
05:07:12,800 --> 05:07:13,800
no phone supports vpn protocols such as
46090
05:07:16,160 --> 05:07:17,160
layer 2 trunking protocol
46091
05:07:18,640 --> 05:07:19,640
ipsec and cisco ipsec
46092
05:07:22,480 --> 05:07:23,480
we've covered
46093
05:07:23,912 --> 05:07:24,912
types of smartphone processor pri and
46094
05:07:26,832 --> 05:07:27,832
prl imei imsi and in brief vpn that's
46095
05:07:32,000 --> 05:07:33,000
all for now thanks for watching
46096
05:07:36,920 --> 05:07:37,920
[Music]
46097
05:07:56,872 --> 05:07:57,872
mobile devices security
46098
05:08:00,000 --> 05:08:01,000
so let's wrap up this mobile devices uh
46099
05:08:02,400 --> 05:08:03,400
lesson by talking about security since
46100
05:08:04,872 --> 05:08:05,872
we've talked about security when it
46101
05:08:06,480 --> 05:08:07,480
comes to everything else including our
46102
05:08:08,480 --> 05:08:09,480
computers our networks and so on
46103
05:08:10,480 --> 05:08:11,480
we need to make sure that these devices
46104
05:08:12,400 --> 05:08:13,400
which are portable small and easy to
46105
05:08:14,640 --> 05:08:15,640
steal are also secure so we're going to
46106
05:08:17,592 --> 05:08:18,592
talk about screen locking
46107
05:08:19,680 --> 05:08:20,680
basically a password that allows entry
46108
05:08:22,400 --> 05:08:23,400
into your device in the first place as
46109
05:08:25,120 --> 05:08:26,120
well as something called remote wipe in
46110
05:08:27,120 --> 05:08:28,120
case you do in fact lose or the device
46111
05:08:29,360 --> 05:08:30,360
is stolen you need a way to get all of
46112
05:08:32,080 --> 05:08:33,080
the important information off of there
46113
05:08:34,160 --> 05:08:35,160
before someone else does
46114
05:08:35,832 --> 05:08:36,832
we also want to talk about keeping the
46115
05:08:37,192 --> 05:08:38,192
device up to date since this is one of
46116
05:08:38,960 --> 05:08:39,960
the major security problems we have with
46117
05:08:40,960 --> 05:08:41,960
software in general is making sure that
46118
05:08:43,912 --> 05:08:44,912
the device's software is up to date
46119
05:08:46,480 --> 05:08:47,480
patched and unable to be hacked finally
46120
05:08:49,192 --> 05:08:50,192
we want to just briefly talk about
46121
05:08:51,360 --> 05:08:52,360
stopping applications uh not so much
46122
05:08:54,160 --> 05:08:55,160
security risk uh except when we have too
46123
05:08:57,120 --> 05:08:58,120
many devices running and one can perhaps
46124
05:08:59,360 --> 05:09:00,360
take down the system uh because uh it
46125
05:09:02,000 --> 05:09:03,000
crashes and then we lose something we're
46126
05:09:03,832 --> 05:09:04,832
working on so it's security in a very
46127
05:09:05,592 --> 05:09:06,592
different way all right so let's start
46128
05:09:07,592 --> 05:09:08,592
with talking about mobile device
46129
05:09:08,720 --> 05:09:09,720
security in general these are
46130
05:09:12,000 --> 05:09:13,000
huge security risks
46131
05:09:14,160 --> 05:09:15,160
anything small that can be easily
46132
05:09:16,480 --> 05:09:17,480
infiltrated into a larger area is a huge
46133
05:09:19,832 --> 05:09:20,832
security risk don't forget not only are
46134
05:09:21,680 --> 05:09:22,680
these security risks because of the
46135
05:09:23,120 --> 05:09:24,120
information they hold but the
46136
05:09:24,480 --> 05:09:25,480
information they can gather think about
46137
05:09:25,832 --> 05:09:26,832
it videos movies um
46138
05:09:28,320 --> 05:09:29,320
pictures text emails you know
46139
05:09:31,760 --> 05:09:32,760
they're always on your person but
46140
05:09:33,440 --> 05:09:34,440
they're smaller and easier to steal so
46141
05:09:35,040 --> 05:09:36,040
it's like having a laptop but instead of
46142
05:09:36,800 --> 05:09:37,800
it you holding it it's now in your
46143
05:09:38,640 --> 05:09:39,640
pocket or in a you know a back pocket or
46144
05:09:41,680 --> 05:09:42,680
in a coat pocket or something and so as
46145
05:09:44,552 --> 05:09:45,552
a purse so as a result they're easy to
46146
05:09:46,400 --> 05:09:47,400
steal easy to take to take advantage of
46147
05:09:48,640 --> 05:09:49,640
and get off of you they also have email
46148
05:09:51,120 --> 05:09:52,120
access and don't forget access to your
46149
05:09:53,680 --> 05:09:54,680
email is access to your digital life if
46150
05:09:56,232 --> 05:09:57,232
you ever want to reset a password on a
46151
05:09:58,552 --> 05:09:59,552
site like your banking site what do you
46152
05:10:00,320 --> 05:10:01,320
do they send you an email that allows
46153
05:10:02,400 --> 05:10:03,400
you to reset it and so if someone has
46154
05:10:04,552 --> 05:10:05,552
access to your email or to your mobile
46155
05:10:06,400 --> 05:10:07,400
device they have access to everything so
46156
05:10:09,592 --> 05:10:10,592
this is the main reason it's so
46157
05:10:11,040 --> 05:10:12,040
important not just because of all the
46158
05:10:12,320 --> 05:10:13,320
information that you would be gathering
46159
05:10:14,160 --> 05:10:15,160
on it all right so let's start with
46160
05:10:15,912 --> 05:10:16,912
screen locking over here we have two
46161
05:10:18,232 --> 05:10:19,232
examples of
46162
05:10:19,760 --> 05:10:20,760
screen locks one is of course the
46163
05:10:21,760 --> 05:10:22,760
passcode from ios and the other here
46164
05:10:24,960 --> 05:10:25,960
for an android device this is a code or
46165
05:10:27,832 --> 05:10:28,832
password or a series of gestures that
46166
05:10:30,640 --> 05:10:31,640
must be entered in order to access the
46167
05:10:32,720 --> 05:10:33,720
device generally speaking these are not
46168
05:10:34,640 --> 05:10:35,640
set by default so it's important that
46169
05:10:36,480 --> 05:10:37,480
you do set this otherwise you're opening
46170
05:10:39,440 --> 05:10:40,440
yourself up to a major security risk it
46171
05:10:41,832 --> 05:10:42,832
can also be a pattern that's drawn on
46172
05:10:43,360 --> 05:10:44,360
the display for instance here on the um
46173
05:10:46,720 --> 05:10:47,720
on this
46174
05:10:47,680 --> 05:10:48,680
android it's not
46175
05:10:50,000 --> 05:10:51,000
a code of numbers it is a pattern and
46176
05:10:52,400 --> 05:10:53,400
the windows 8 surfaces are doing the
46177
05:10:54,160 --> 05:10:55,160
same thing now so either way a pattern
46178
05:10:56,960 --> 05:10:57,960
is a little harder to memorize a little
46179
05:10:59,760 --> 05:11:00,760
harder to hack perhaps than numbers
46180
05:11:01,440 --> 05:11:02,440
which is the reason it's been getting so
46181
05:11:03,040 --> 05:11:04,040
much
46182
05:11:04,800 --> 05:11:05,800
support lately one thing also to note is
46183
05:11:06,640 --> 05:11:07,640
on both of these you can always make an
46184
05:11:08,640 --> 05:11:09,640
emergency call
46185
05:11:10,232 --> 05:11:11,232
to like get the police or the fire
46186
05:11:11,680 --> 05:11:12,680
department or whatever uh without having
46187
05:11:13,832 --> 05:11:14,832
to enter the passcode and that's done
46188
05:11:15,440 --> 05:11:16,440
for security precautions as well um
46189
05:11:18,552 --> 05:11:19,552
the pin number uh that's like a passcode
46190
05:11:21,192 --> 05:11:22,192
four number four a simple passcode a
46191
05:11:23,440 --> 05:11:24,440
simple pin uh could be a a
46192
05:11:26,480 --> 05:11:27,480
small four number code obviously easy to
46193
05:11:29,360 --> 05:11:30,360
hack but also easy for you to get into
46194
05:11:30,960 --> 05:11:31,960
we don't want to make it too difficult
46195
05:11:32,000 --> 05:11:33,000
for you to get into your device because
46196
05:11:33,512 --> 05:11:34,512
then you probably will stop using it and
46197
05:11:36,320 --> 05:11:37,320
finally you can have a password or
46198
05:11:38,080 --> 05:11:39,080
passcode you can set those in either of
46199
05:11:40,232 --> 05:11:41,232
these
46200
05:11:42,080 --> 05:11:43,080
not by default in ios but you can set it
46201
05:11:45,760 --> 05:11:46,760
so that you could have an entire
46202
05:11:47,760 --> 05:11:48,760
keyboard pop up here instead of just the
46203
05:11:49,680 --> 05:11:50,680
numbers
46204
05:11:51,512 --> 05:11:52,512
so here's where we can set these
46205
05:11:53,360 --> 05:11:54,360
settings here over here you'll see
46206
05:11:55,120 --> 05:11:56,120
passcode lock right here and in this
46207
05:11:57,192 --> 05:11:58,192
case screen unlock both the same thing
46208
05:12:00,320 --> 05:12:01,320
with android we're going to go to
46209
05:12:01,592 --> 05:12:02,592
settings and security uh we're right
46210
05:12:03,832 --> 05:12:04,832
here and you can see that we have
46211
05:12:06,552 --> 05:12:07,552
none which is something we don't want a
46212
05:12:08,080 --> 05:12:09,080
pattern which i showed you previously a
46213
05:12:10,640 --> 05:12:11,640
numeric pin which would be just numbers
46214
05:12:12,400 --> 05:12:13,400
and then a password which is
46215
05:12:13,512 --> 05:12:14,512
alphanumeric with ios settings we're
46216
05:12:16,400 --> 05:12:17,400
looking at uh going to the general and
46217
05:12:18,400 --> 05:12:19,400
then to the passcode lock whereas you
46218
05:12:20,320 --> 05:12:21,320
can turn it off you can change it what
46219
05:12:22,480 --> 05:12:23,480
we're looking at here is a simple
46220
05:12:24,320 --> 05:12:25,320
passcode meaning it is a four digit
46221
05:12:26,400 --> 05:12:27,400
number you can also change this to off
46222
05:12:28,640 --> 05:12:29,640
and that is when you would get a full
46223
05:12:30,232 --> 05:12:31,232
password so the same thing available
46224
05:12:32,640 --> 05:12:33,640
then you can also set how quickly you
46225
05:12:34,720 --> 05:12:35,720
want it to lock the device and when it
46226
05:12:36,480 --> 05:12:37,480
asks for a passcode so um although you
46227
05:12:39,440 --> 05:12:40,440
can on this page necessarily i can't
46228
05:12:41,512 --> 05:12:42,512
show you exactly where uh it's going to
46229
05:12:44,960 --> 05:12:45,960
lock the device or how how soon after
46230
05:12:47,360 --> 05:12:48,360
the device has been on or has not been
46231
05:12:49,280 --> 05:12:50,280
used it's going to lock but what you can
46232
05:12:50,960 --> 05:12:51,960
said here is how soon it's going to
46233
05:12:52,552 --> 05:12:53,552
require a passcode maybe you're someone
46234
05:12:54,640 --> 05:12:55,640
who wants to give a minute of use before
46235
05:12:56,552 --> 05:12:57,552
the passcode is asked for
46236
05:12:58,640 --> 05:12:59,640
notice also you can choose what to allow
46237
05:13:01,440 --> 05:13:02,440
access to when it is locked so you can
46238
05:13:03,440 --> 05:13:04,440
still get access to siri the passbook
46239
05:13:05,440 --> 05:13:06,440
and you can reply to a message
46240
05:13:08,000 --> 05:13:09,000
or reply with a message rather to a
46241
05:13:09,680 --> 05:13:10,680
phone call even though the device is
46242
05:13:11,512 --> 05:13:12,512
locked so if you really want to harden
46243
05:13:13,192 --> 05:13:14,192
this you would probably turn all of
46244
05:13:14,720 --> 05:13:15,720
these off
46245
05:13:16,800 --> 05:13:17,800
you may also want to set a device to
46246
05:13:18,720 --> 05:13:19,720
automatically erase data after a certain
46247
05:13:21,280 --> 05:13:22,280
number of attempts you can see that
46248
05:13:22,960 --> 05:13:23,960
available here it's also available uh in
46249
05:13:25,592 --> 05:13:26,592
android when you click into one of these
46250
05:13:28,320 --> 05:13:29,320
but what you generally want to do is you
46251
05:13:30,320 --> 05:13:31,320
know i think it's 10 attempts on your
46252
05:13:32,800 --> 05:13:33,800
iphone the device will automatically
46253
05:13:35,280 --> 05:13:36,280
wipe it's probably not a bad thing to
46254
05:13:37,040 --> 05:13:38,040
have set the reason being if someone
46255
05:13:39,120 --> 05:13:40,120
tries to get in 10 times and they don't
46256
05:13:41,120 --> 05:13:42,120
get it right that's probably not you
46257
05:13:43,280 --> 05:13:44,280
that's probably someone else who's
46258
05:13:44,800 --> 05:13:45,800
trying to hack in and so you'd prefer it
46259
05:13:46,552 --> 05:13:47,552
to wipe before they got in rather than
46260
05:13:48,872 --> 05:13:49,872
to keep it open
46261
05:13:50,960 --> 05:13:51,960
now speaking of white let's talk about
46262
05:13:52,552 --> 05:13:53,552
something called remote wipe there's a
46263
05:13:54,400 --> 05:13:55,400
device called find my iphone i pointed
46264
05:13:56,640 --> 05:13:57,640
it out when we were looking at the
46265
05:13:57,760 --> 05:13:58,760
icloud earlier and it's on the ios and
46266
05:14:00,232 --> 05:14:01,232
it allows you to locate and then
46267
05:14:02,320 --> 05:14:03,320
remotely wipe a lost device now of
46268
05:14:04,552 --> 05:14:05,552
course that device has to have internet
46269
05:14:06,552 --> 05:14:07,552
or
46270
05:14:07,440 --> 05:14:08,440
connectivity in order for to find it and
46271
05:14:09,832 --> 05:14:10,832
then of course to send it the signal to
46272
05:14:11,512 --> 05:14:12,512
wipe but in both cases you're going to
46273
05:14:13,360 --> 05:14:14,360
want to set them both to remotely wipe
46274
05:14:15,192 --> 05:14:16,192
if you ever lose them uh especially if
46275
05:14:17,760 --> 05:14:18,760
you don't know where they are it's much
46276
05:14:19,280 --> 05:14:20,280
better to wipe it and then try to
46277
05:14:20,800 --> 05:14:21,800
restore it from a backup rather than
46278
05:14:23,760 --> 05:14:24,760
lose all your information and have
46279
05:14:25,120 --> 05:14:26,120
someone get it on
46280
05:14:26,960 --> 05:14:27,960
android you have to install a
46281
05:14:28,480 --> 05:14:29,480
third-party app it's not built in uh by
46282
05:14:30,872 --> 05:14:31,872
the way i should mention as well that
46283
05:14:32,480 --> 05:14:33,480
although this is an apple app for find
46284
05:14:34,400 --> 05:14:35,400
my iphone it is not built-in you do have
46285
05:14:36,480 --> 05:14:37,480
to download it through the app store but
46286
05:14:38,000 --> 05:14:39,000
it is free uh with android you also have
46287
05:14:40,160 --> 05:14:41,160
to install another app to to accomplish
46288
05:14:42,800 --> 05:14:43,800
this
46289
05:14:44,000 --> 05:14:45,000
but in both cases you want some sort of
46290
05:14:46,000 --> 05:14:47,000
remote wipe utility that can locate the
46291
05:14:48,800 --> 05:14:49,800
device you could probably send the cops
46292
05:14:50,800 --> 05:14:51,800
to that area or alternatively you want
46293
05:14:53,192 --> 05:14:54,192
it to be able to wipe the device clean
46294
05:14:54,720 --> 05:14:55,720
so that way none of your information is
46295
05:14:56,400 --> 05:14:57,400
on there larger organizations by the way
46296
05:14:58,720 --> 05:14:59,720
may use something called mobile device
46297
05:15:00,320 --> 05:15:01,320
management it's a specific system that
46298
05:15:02,160 --> 05:15:03,160
could load on all these a third-party
46299
05:15:03,912 --> 05:15:04,912
thing if they are passing out iphones or
46300
05:15:06,552 --> 05:15:07,552
android devices to their employees for
46301
05:15:08,872 --> 05:15:09,872
instance they probably know there's
46302
05:15:10,320 --> 05:15:11,320
going to be some proprietary information
46303
05:15:12,320 --> 05:15:13,320
they don't want getting out about their
46304
05:15:13,592 --> 05:15:14,592
company such as the government as well
46305
05:15:15,832 --> 05:15:16,832
or a big organization that deals with
46306
05:15:17,192 --> 05:15:18,192
healthcare and so they're probably going
46307
05:15:18,552 --> 05:15:19,552
to install this stuff on the device
46308
05:15:19,912 --> 05:15:20,912
anyway
46309
05:15:21,040 --> 05:15:22,040
now when we're talking about updating
46310
05:15:22,480 --> 05:15:23,480
this the device we want to make sure
46311
05:15:24,160 --> 05:15:25,160
it's kept up to date that way hackers
46312
05:15:25,912 --> 05:15:26,912
can't sort of hack in from a software
46313
05:15:27,832 --> 05:15:28,832
standpoint in android we're going to go
46314
05:15:29,832 --> 05:15:30,832
to settings about the device or about
46315
05:15:32,080 --> 05:15:33,080
the phone and uh
46316
05:15:34,480 --> 05:15:35,480
system updates which is right here you
46317
05:15:36,800 --> 05:15:37,800
can see the current version there and
46318
05:15:39,040 --> 05:15:40,040
again i just want to point out because i
46319
05:15:40,480 --> 05:15:41,480
mentioned this a couple times um
46320
05:15:42,800 --> 05:15:43,800
you're gonna get different uh it's gonna
46321
05:15:45,440 --> 05:15:46,440
be a different way to get here depending
46322
05:15:47,192 --> 05:15:48,192
on the device okay now with ios you go
46323
05:15:49,592 --> 05:15:50,592
to settings general and it's right there
46324
05:15:51,760 --> 05:15:52,760
under software update it'll also notify
46325
05:15:54,232 --> 05:15:55,232
you if it's up to date on later versions
46326
05:15:57,120 --> 05:15:58,120
of uh both of these you can actually
46327
05:15:59,360 --> 05:16:00,360
update the device without plugging it in
46328
05:16:01,360 --> 05:16:02,360
earlier versions of the ios at least you
46329
05:16:03,592 --> 05:16:04,592
had to plug in in order to update
46330
05:16:06,000 --> 05:16:07,000
nowadays you can do it all from the
46331
05:16:07,592 --> 05:16:08,592
phone all wirelessly and it will notify
46332
05:16:09,592 --> 05:16:10,592
you it'll push out a notification when a
46333
05:16:11,760 --> 05:16:12,760
new update is available so it's
46334
05:16:13,360 --> 05:16:14,360
important to keep these completely up to
46335
05:16:15,040 --> 05:16:16,040
date finally we want to talk about how
46336
05:16:16,800 --> 05:16:17,800
we stop applications obviously the more
46337
05:16:18,872 --> 05:16:19,872
applications that are running the more
46338
05:16:20,480 --> 05:16:21,480
resources are being taken up with
46339
05:16:22,480 --> 05:16:23,480
android we can go to settings
46340
05:16:24,232 --> 05:16:25,232
applications and run services uh running
46341
05:16:27,120 --> 05:16:28,120
services and that'll show us what
46342
05:16:28,320 --> 05:16:29,320
services are running it's not as uh
46343
05:16:31,832 --> 05:16:32,832
sort of one of the downsides of android
46344
05:16:33,360 --> 05:16:34,360
is it doesn't tell you sort of all the
46345
05:16:34,872 --> 05:16:35,872
applications that are running it just
46346
05:16:36,160 --> 05:16:37,160
tells you the services you generally are
46347
05:16:38,320 --> 05:16:39,320
also going to want to purchase some sort
46348
05:16:39,832 --> 05:16:40,832
of third-party software to do this for
46349
05:16:41,832 --> 05:16:42,832
you
46350
05:16:42,872 --> 05:16:43,872
you can select the services you want to
46351
05:16:44,400 --> 05:16:45,400
close and then you can close them with
46352
05:16:46,552 --> 05:16:47,552
uh uh and as i mentioned you're probably
46353
05:16:48,552 --> 05:16:49,552
going to want to download a third-party
46354
05:16:50,720 --> 05:16:51,720
app to really clean up things it's one
46355
05:16:53,360 --> 05:16:54,360
of the downsides of android with ios you
46356
05:16:55,912 --> 05:16:56,912
can double-click the home button uh once
46357
05:16:58,552 --> 05:16:59,552
you double click that home button which
46358
05:16:59,760 --> 05:17:00,760
again is down here uh you can hold your
46359
05:17:02,640 --> 05:17:03,640
finger down on any application whichever
46360
05:17:05,040 --> 05:17:06,040
one it is you just hold your finger down
46361
05:17:06,720 --> 05:17:07,720
eventually all of the apps begin to sort
46362
05:17:09,040 --> 05:17:10,040
of jiggle and you will see a little
46363
05:17:11,512 --> 05:17:12,512
minus sign in the upper left corner
46364
05:17:13,440 --> 05:17:14,440
pressing that minus sign will close the
46365
05:17:15,120 --> 05:17:16,120
application of course the reason it
46366
05:17:16,872 --> 05:17:17,872
keeps the applications open is not so
46367
05:17:18,800 --> 05:17:19,800
it'll just take up resources it's so
46368
05:17:20,552 --> 05:17:21,552
that if you jump to another application
46369
05:17:22,232 --> 05:17:23,232
and come back it'll still be where you
46370
05:17:23,912 --> 05:17:24,912
left off
46371
05:17:25,512 --> 05:17:26,512
okay short and sweet video but we
46372
05:17:27,280 --> 05:17:28,280
covered the information we needed to
46373
05:17:29,360 --> 05:17:30,360
again we want a screen lock which is
46374
05:17:31,440 --> 05:17:32,440
either using a passcode or a password
46375
05:17:35,360 --> 05:17:36,360
the difference being that this is just
46376
05:17:36,872 --> 05:17:37,872
numbers and the other one is going to
46377
05:17:38,400 --> 05:17:39,400
have alphanumerics
46378
05:17:40,640 --> 05:17:41,640
um or a combination like a pattern on
46379
05:17:44,400 --> 05:17:45,400
the screen in order to unlock the device
46380
05:17:47,040 --> 05:17:48,040
we also have remote wipe capabilities
46381
05:17:50,320 --> 05:17:51,320
which means that we can remotely erase
46382
05:17:53,280 --> 05:17:54,280
the data
46383
05:17:56,080 --> 05:17:57,080
on the device uh while i'm mentioning
46384
05:17:58,160 --> 05:17:59,160
that too by the way we can set a
46385
05:18:00,232 --> 05:18:01,232
passcode or screen lock to automatically
46386
05:18:02,552 --> 05:18:03,552
wipe the device after a certain number
46387
05:18:04,480 --> 05:18:05,480
of attempts of course the downside here
46388
05:18:06,720 --> 05:18:07,720
uh which i hadn't thought about until
46389
05:18:08,400 --> 05:18:09,400
just this moment is if someone knows you
46390
05:18:10,400 --> 05:18:11,400
have erased the device after say 10
46391
05:18:12,552 --> 05:18:13,552
attempts they can just do 10 attempts
46392
05:18:14,552 --> 05:18:15,552
it'll wipe the phone and now they have
46393
05:18:15,832 --> 05:18:16,832
access to the phone albeit not your
46394
05:18:17,440 --> 05:18:18,440
information uh as with software update
46395
05:18:20,872 --> 05:18:21,872
as well we want to keep our software up
46396
05:18:22,720 --> 05:18:23,720
to date on these devices generally it's
46397
05:18:24,320 --> 05:18:25,320
push you can do it over wi-fi these days
46398
05:18:27,440 --> 05:18:28,440
but you do want to make sure to keep it
46399
05:18:28,800 --> 05:18:29,800
up to date and it can be done uh from
46400
05:18:30,960 --> 05:18:31,960
the phone you don't need to plug it in
46401
05:18:33,120 --> 05:18:34,120
uh necessarily anymore to do that
46402
05:18:35,120 --> 05:18:36,120
finally stopping applications good not
46403
05:18:37,360 --> 05:18:38,360
just for resources but to avoid avoid
46404
05:18:39,912 --> 05:18:40,912
crashing
46405
05:18:41,040 --> 05:18:42,040
uh and you can do that
46406
05:18:42,960 --> 05:18:43,960
usually we need a third party app um
46407
05:18:45,440 --> 05:18:46,440
it's gonna be the best way for an
46408
05:18:46,872 --> 05:18:47,872
android device and you can do that it's
46409
05:18:49,512 --> 05:18:50,512
built into
46410
05:18:50,960 --> 05:18:51,960
ios by simply a double clicking
46411
05:18:56,000 --> 05:18:57,000
uh the home button and then holding down
46412
05:18:58,800 --> 05:18:59,800
an application
46413
05:19:00,232 --> 05:19:01,232
great so now that we've discussed
46414
05:19:01,912 --> 05:19:02,912
security with the mobile device uh we've
46415
05:19:03,912 --> 05:19:04,912
talked about everything when it comes to
46416
05:19:05,512 --> 05:19:06,512
mobile devices again
46417
05:19:07,360 --> 05:19:08,360
you want to make sure to keep up to date
46418
05:19:08,720 --> 05:19:09,720
on your own since this information is
46419
05:19:10,232 --> 05:19:11,232
going to be changing much more rapidly
46420
05:19:11,832 --> 05:19:12,832
than some of the other other information
46421
05:19:13,360 --> 05:19:14,360
we've talked about since it is the
46422
05:19:14,552 --> 05:19:15,552
newest sort of technology out there
46423
05:19:16,640 --> 05:19:17,640
but now i haven't talked about that
46424
05:19:17,832 --> 05:19:18,832
let's finish up wrap up by talking about
46425
05:19:20,160 --> 05:19:21,160
some of the technical professionalism
46426
05:19:22,080 --> 05:19:23,080
things that you need to know for a plus
46427
05:19:23,592 --> 05:19:24,592
actually a large part of it not hard
46428
05:19:25,512 --> 05:19:26,512
skills so to speak but the soft skills
46429
05:19:28,000 --> 05:19:29,000
personality uh how you go on a call et
46430
05:19:30,400 --> 05:19:31,400
cetera et cetera
46431
05:19:36,020 --> 05:19:37,020
[Music]
46432
05:19:52,000 --> 05:19:53,000
welcome to module 21 lesson 4a security
46433
05:19:57,680 --> 05:19:58,680
we're going to look at screen locks
46434
05:19:59,120 --> 05:20:00,120
biometric authentication full device
46435
05:20:02,000 --> 05:20:03,000
encryption
46436
05:20:03,440 --> 05:20:04,440
multi-factor authentication
46437
05:20:06,320 --> 05:20:07,320
authenticator applications
46438
05:20:08,640 --> 05:20:09,640
trusted versus untrusted sources
46439
05:20:11,912 --> 05:20:12,912
firewalls policies and procedures
46440
05:20:15,440 --> 05:20:16,440
okay screen locks first i'm sure you're
46441
05:20:17,832 --> 05:20:18,832
familiar with this helps you secure your
46442
05:20:20,232 --> 05:20:21,232
mobile phone
46443
05:20:21,680 --> 05:20:22,680
you can use your fingerprint to secure a
46444
05:20:23,760 --> 05:20:24,760
mobile phone like the samsung galaxy s6
46445
05:20:27,592 --> 05:20:28,592
using the fingerprint sensor
46446
05:20:29,832 --> 05:20:30,832
otherwise it's um could be password or
46447
05:20:32,720 --> 05:20:33,720
pin code
46448
05:20:35,280 --> 05:20:36,280
if the mobile phone supports it you can
46449
05:20:37,360 --> 05:20:38,360
use the face unlock feature scan your
46450
05:20:40,080 --> 05:20:41,080
face with the phone's camera to unlock
46451
05:20:42,400 --> 05:20:43,400
it
46452
05:20:44,640 --> 05:20:45,640
biometrics refer to human
46453
05:20:46,480 --> 05:20:47,480
characteristics such as fingerprints and
46454
05:20:49,512 --> 05:20:50,512
um iris detectors unique to you
46455
05:20:55,592 --> 05:20:56,592
and since biometrics are unique they're
46456
05:20:57,512 --> 05:20:58,512
used to verify your individual identity
46457
05:21:01,120 --> 05:21:02,120
volumetric grants access only if the
46458
05:21:04,400 --> 05:21:05,400
feature is validated
46459
05:21:08,640 --> 05:21:09,640
for device encryption in order to
46460
05:21:10,640 --> 05:21:11,640
prevent unauthorized access you can use
46461
05:21:12,640 --> 05:21:13,640
the full device encryption
46462
05:21:14,720 --> 05:21:15,720
for example full disk encryption on the
46463
05:21:16,720 --> 05:21:17,720
android phone secures all user data
46464
05:21:19,512 --> 05:21:20,512
the decryption requires the correct
46465
05:21:21,512 --> 05:21:22,512
passcode
46466
05:21:23,760 --> 05:21:24,760
multi-factor authentication is a
46467
05:21:28,080 --> 05:21:29,080
a
46468
05:21:28,960 --> 05:21:29,960
using been authenticated based upon two
46469
05:21:32,000 --> 05:21:33,000
or more pieces of information
46470
05:21:35,680 --> 05:21:36,680
because it could be something you know
46471
05:21:37,832 --> 05:21:38,832
it's typically a username or password
46472
05:21:40,720 --> 05:21:41,720
something you possess typically some
46473
05:21:43,120 --> 05:21:44,120
sort of identity card although it can be
46474
05:21:45,912 --> 05:21:46,912
um a key generator
46475
05:21:48,552 --> 05:21:49,552
so it would generate various um keys
46476
05:21:52,160 --> 05:21:53,160
every 30 seconds or so on
46477
05:21:54,552 --> 05:21:55,552
something you are is typically your a
46478
05:21:57,280 --> 05:21:58,280
physical characteristic like an iris
46479
05:21:59,192 --> 05:22:00,192
voice so on and so forth
46480
05:22:02,000 --> 05:22:03,000
an authenticator application is an
46481
05:22:03,912 --> 05:22:04,912
application that implements two-factor
46482
05:22:06,640 --> 05:22:07,640
authentication for verifying users
46483
05:22:09,512 --> 05:22:10,512
these generate a new random code every
46484
05:22:11,592 --> 05:22:12,592
30 seconds
46485
05:22:14,080 --> 05:22:15,080
the security code is used along with
46486
05:22:15,912 --> 05:22:16,912
your username and password to sign into
46487
05:22:17,760 --> 05:22:18,760
an account often when you need remote
46488
05:22:20,080 --> 05:22:21,080
access to a network
46489
05:22:22,320 --> 05:22:23,320
especially if your network engineering
46490
05:22:23,760 --> 05:22:24,760
you need to log in that will give you
46491
05:22:26,232 --> 05:22:27,232
access
46492
05:22:27,440 --> 05:22:28,440
or limited access to the networks you
46493
05:22:29,440 --> 05:22:30,440
can
46494
05:22:30,160 --> 05:22:31,160
do your troubleshooting or fixing
46495
05:22:33,680 --> 05:22:34,680
for example two-factor authentication on
46496
05:22:36,080 --> 05:22:37,080
an account such as mailchimp we need a
46497
05:22:38,320 --> 05:22:39,320
username and password and the security
46498
05:22:40,160 --> 05:22:41,160
code to log in
46499
05:22:42,400 --> 05:22:43,400
trusted versus untrusted sources if you
46500
05:22:45,120 --> 05:22:46,120
want to avoid malware it's critical not
46501
05:22:46,872 --> 05:22:47,872
to install apps from untrusted sources
46502
05:22:49,912 --> 05:22:50,912
sources such as
46503
05:22:52,552 --> 05:22:53,552
ptp file sharing sites unknown software
46504
05:22:55,040 --> 05:22:56,040
vendors
46505
05:22:56,080 --> 05:22:57,080
you can often go to somewhere to
46506
05:22:57,440 --> 05:22:58,440
download an app that fixes a certain
46507
05:22:59,280 --> 05:23:00,280
problem but they bundle a lot of um
46508
05:23:01,832 --> 05:23:02,832
spyware with it
46509
05:23:03,512 --> 05:23:04,512
so it can cause you a lot of problems in
46510
05:23:06,480 --> 05:23:07,480
our software team and the well-known
46511
05:23:08,080 --> 05:23:09,080
reputable app stores are considered
46512
05:23:09,592 --> 05:23:10,592
trusted sources
46513
05:23:11,120 --> 05:23:12,120
examples of well-known reputable app
46514
05:23:12,800 --> 05:23:13,800
stores are google play and apple's app
46515
05:23:15,120 --> 05:23:16,120
store
46516
05:23:17,192 --> 05:23:18,192
firewalls we'll probably already of this
46517
05:23:19,680 --> 05:23:20,680
it protects your network from
46518
05:23:21,440 --> 05:23:22,440
unauthorized access monitors and
46519
05:23:23,360 --> 05:23:24,360
controls inbound
46520
05:23:24,960 --> 05:23:25,960
and outbound network traffic
46521
05:23:27,512 --> 05:23:28,512
there's no built-in firewall in
46522
05:23:28,872 --> 05:23:29,872
smartphones and it's uncommon to have
46523
05:23:31,040 --> 05:23:32,040
firewall apps on them smartphones
46524
05:23:34,872 --> 05:23:35,872
however if you have one it ensures that
46525
05:23:36,800 --> 05:23:37,800
no seemingly legitimate app establishes
46526
05:23:39,192 --> 05:23:40,192
suspicious communications
46527
05:23:42,872 --> 05:23:43,872
there's a few firewall apps available
46528
05:23:44,552 --> 05:23:45,552
for um smartphones but most of them are
46529
05:23:46,872 --> 05:23:47,872
for androids
46530
05:23:49,360 --> 05:23:50,360
policy policies and procedures byod
46531
05:23:52,320 --> 05:23:53,320
versus cope
46532
05:23:54,320 --> 05:23:55,320
byod means bring your own device it's a
46533
05:23:57,440 --> 05:23:58,440
concept that allows you to bring your
46534
05:23:59,360 --> 05:24:00,360
own mobile device to the workplace to
46535
05:24:01,680 --> 05:24:02,680
work for the organization
46536
05:24:03,592 --> 05:24:04,592
it allows you to choose your own device
46537
05:24:05,120 --> 05:24:06,120
that meets both the personal and
46538
05:24:06,640 --> 05:24:07,640
business needs
46539
05:24:08,480 --> 05:24:09,480
organizations that permit this have
46540
05:24:10,400 --> 05:24:11,400
policies regarding
46541
05:24:12,080 --> 05:24:13,080
the use of personally owned mobile
46542
05:24:13,512 --> 05:24:14,512
devices for business purposes
46543
05:24:17,592 --> 05:24:18,592
for example a policy would approve
46544
05:24:19,280 --> 05:24:20,280
devices such as smartphones and tablets
46545
05:24:21,120 --> 05:24:22,120
with android ios or blackberry
46546
05:24:25,280 --> 05:24:26,280
in a corporate owned personally enabled
46547
05:24:27,680 --> 05:24:28,680
model the company provides your mobile
46548
05:24:29,512 --> 05:24:30,512
device that can be used for personal
46549
05:24:31,440 --> 05:24:32,440
needs within permissible limits
46550
05:24:34,320 --> 05:24:35,320
so this is obviously dependent on what
46551
05:24:36,000 --> 05:24:37,000
the company procedures are so the it
46552
05:24:38,640 --> 05:24:39,640
department has full control over the
46553
05:24:40,000 --> 05:24:41,000
device and can even wipe the phone's
46554
05:24:41,680 --> 05:24:42,680
data
46555
05:24:44,960 --> 05:24:45,960
security requirements refer to minimum
46556
05:24:46,800 --> 05:24:47,800
security requirements enforced on any
46557
05:24:49,360 --> 05:24:50,360
mobile device that accesses a corporate
46558
05:24:51,832 --> 05:24:52,832
network
46559
05:24:52,960 --> 05:24:53,960
for
46560
05:24:53,760 --> 05:24:54,760
example device would be required to use
46561
05:24:55,512 --> 05:24:56,512
any available native encryption
46562
05:24:58,872 --> 05:24:59,872
mobile devices that don't adhere to the
46563
05:25:00,872 --> 05:25:01,872
security uh profile for the company may
46564
05:25:04,232 --> 05:25:05,232
not be able to access the corporate
46565
05:25:05,760 --> 05:25:06,760
resources
46566
05:25:07,512 --> 05:25:08,512
all right so we've looked at screen
46567
05:25:08,800 --> 05:25:09,800
locks biometrics
46568
05:25:10,800 --> 05:25:11,800
full device encryption multi-factor
46569
05:25:14,080 --> 05:25:15,080
authenticator application trusted and
46570
05:25:16,552 --> 05:25:17,552
untrusted sources
46571
05:25:18,720 --> 05:25:19,720
firewalls policies and procedures that's
46572
05:25:21,592 --> 05:25:22,592
all for now thanks for watching
46573
05:25:26,820 --> 05:25:27,820
[Music]
46574
05:25:41,760 --> 05:25:42,760
welcome to module 21 lesson five
46575
05:25:44,400 --> 05:25:45,400
troubleshooting your mobile operating
46576
05:25:46,160 --> 05:25:47,160
system and application security issues
46577
05:25:50,552 --> 05:25:51,552
looking at dropping our signal power
46578
05:25:52,800 --> 05:25:53,800
drains slow data
46579
05:25:55,192 --> 05:25:56,192
unintended wi-fi connections and
46580
05:25:57,360 --> 05:25:58,360
bluetooth
46581
05:25:58,720 --> 05:25:59,720
leaked personal data
46582
05:26:00,552 --> 05:26:01,552
restoring data
46583
05:26:02,640 --> 05:26:03,640
unauthorized account access route access
46584
05:26:05,440 --> 05:26:06,440
location tracking him
46585
05:26:09,360 --> 05:26:10,360
accessing your camera or your microphone
46586
05:26:12,552 --> 05:26:13,552
high
46587
05:26:13,360 --> 05:26:14,360
resource utilization
46588
05:26:16,000 --> 05:26:17,000
so your signal drop can be caused by a
46589
05:26:18,232 --> 05:26:19,232
couple of reasons obviously too far away
46590
05:26:20,232 --> 05:26:21,232
from your nearest tower
46591
05:26:22,800 --> 05:26:23,800
buildings around you can actually block
46592
05:26:24,552 --> 05:26:25,552
your signal if you're in um especially
46593
05:26:26,552 --> 05:26:27,552
our older buildings with thick concrete
46594
05:26:28,552 --> 05:26:29,552
walls
46595
05:26:29,592 --> 05:26:30,592
or if you go up into a basement
46596
05:26:32,160 --> 05:26:33,160
or um the
46597
05:26:34,080 --> 05:26:35,080
roaming may not be um
46598
05:26:36,872 --> 05:26:37,872
correctly enabled in a particular
46599
05:26:38,800 --> 05:26:39,800
building so if you go between one
46600
05:26:41,592 --> 05:26:42,592
um wi-fi adapter to another you may just
46601
05:26:44,480 --> 05:26:45,480
lose your signal
46602
05:26:46,480 --> 05:26:47,480
when there's a weak signal a cell
46603
05:26:47,832 --> 05:26:48,832
repeater can help solve the problem
46604
05:26:52,080 --> 05:26:53,080
power drain we've probably all
46605
05:26:54,000 --> 05:26:55,000
experienced this when we when the phone
46606
05:26:56,232 --> 05:26:57,232
battery seems to be draining faster than
46607
05:26:58,000 --> 05:26:59,000
it should be there could be apps that
46608
05:26:59,832 --> 05:27:00,832
are running in the background and you
46609
05:27:01,192 --> 05:27:02,192
can normally go into your device manager
46610
05:27:02,960 --> 05:27:03,960
and see what's running and it can even
46611
05:27:04,640 --> 05:27:05,640
tell you what's draining the most power
46612
05:27:07,040 --> 05:27:08,040
apps that check for updates you should
46613
05:27:09,192 --> 05:27:10,192
normally be able to
46614
05:27:11,192 --> 05:27:12,192
manually approve updates or set them to
46615
05:27:13,440 --> 05:27:14,440
automatically
46616
05:27:15,120 --> 05:27:16,120
update and you can also set them to only
46617
05:27:17,120 --> 05:27:18,120
update when you have a wi-fi connection
46618
05:27:20,080 --> 05:27:21,080
screen brightness especially if the
46619
05:27:21,512 --> 05:27:22,512
screen is lit at all times when it
46620
05:27:23,040 --> 05:27:24,040
doesn't need to be
46621
05:27:24,720 --> 05:27:25,720
uh lock screen notification from apps
46622
05:27:28,400 --> 05:27:29,400
bluetooth wi-fi especially gps can be a
46623
05:27:31,280 --> 05:27:32,280
big drain on your battery
46624
05:27:33,832 --> 05:27:34,832
in order to prevent you can do the
46625
05:27:35,592 --> 05:27:36,592
following you can force stop the
46626
05:27:37,120 --> 05:27:38,120
applications
46627
05:27:38,640 --> 05:27:39,640
turn off the apps background updates
46628
05:27:41,120 --> 05:27:42,120
reduce the amount of time the screen is
46629
05:27:42,872 --> 05:27:43,872
lit you can set all of your power
46630
05:27:45,040 --> 05:27:46,040
savings normally there's a
46631
05:27:47,192 --> 05:27:48,192
various levels that you can choose that
46632
05:27:48,872 --> 05:27:49,872
automatically set them for you
46633
05:27:51,512 --> 05:27:52,512
disable lock screen notification from
46634
05:27:53,912 --> 05:27:54,912
the apps
46635
05:27:55,280 --> 05:27:56,280
disable the things you aren't using like
46636
05:27:57,040 --> 05:27:58,040
bluetooth wi-fi and gps
46637
05:28:01,192 --> 05:28:02,192
slow data
46638
05:28:04,000 --> 05:28:05,000
could be your low signal strength your
46639
05:28:06,000 --> 05:28:07,000
type of mobile technology you could drop
46640
05:28:08,160 --> 05:28:09,160
from a um
46641
05:28:09,912 --> 05:28:10,912
a 4g connection
46642
05:28:11,680 --> 05:28:12,680
to a slower speed connection depending
46643
05:28:13,680 --> 05:28:14,680
on where you are and what's working
46644
05:28:16,080 --> 05:28:17,080
apps that run in the background taking
46645
05:28:18,232 --> 05:28:19,232
up
46646
05:28:19,040 --> 05:28:20,040
processor time ads on free apps
46647
05:28:21,592 --> 05:28:22,592
consuming data
46648
05:28:23,832 --> 05:28:24,832
malware causing network traffic
46649
05:28:26,872 --> 05:28:27,872
you can get um
46650
05:28:28,640 --> 05:28:29,640
virus scanners such as avg that will run
46651
05:28:31,512 --> 05:28:32,512
free or sometimes if you've got a
46652
05:28:33,592 --> 05:28:34,592
license on your pc you can also download
46653
05:28:36,160 --> 05:28:37,160
it for phones
46654
05:28:37,592 --> 05:28:38,592
for free
46655
05:28:38,800 --> 05:28:39,800
exceeding your bandwidth limit so your
46656
05:28:40,800 --> 05:28:41,800
provider may have throttled it
46657
05:28:42,960 --> 05:28:43,960
but not told you
46658
05:28:44,800 --> 05:28:45,800
the following can be done to increase
46659
05:28:46,640 --> 05:28:47,640
data speeds install a cell repeater to
46660
05:28:49,680 --> 05:28:50,680
boost the signal
46661
05:28:51,360 --> 05:28:52,360
activate the phone's mobile technology
46662
05:28:54,552 --> 05:28:55,552
disable apps that consume data in the
46663
05:28:56,320 --> 05:28:57,320
background
46664
05:28:58,232 --> 05:28:59,232
install adblock to stop ads
46665
05:29:01,280 --> 05:29:02,280
keep your antivirus app updated and
46666
05:29:03,280 --> 05:29:04,280
check whether the um a mobile app is
46667
05:29:05,592 --> 05:29:06,592
safe before installing it
46668
05:29:08,080 --> 05:29:09,080
monitor your bandwidth to stay on high
46669
05:29:09,680 --> 05:29:10,680
speed
46670
05:29:11,360 --> 05:29:12,360
unintended wi-fi
46671
05:29:13,280 --> 05:29:14,280
if you've got unusual network traffic in
46672
05:29:15,040 --> 05:29:16,040
your mobile then there's a chance you
46673
05:29:16,640 --> 05:29:17,640
may have connected to a rogue access
46674
05:29:18,720 --> 05:29:19,720
point
46675
05:29:19,592 --> 05:29:20,592
you can use the wi-fi analyzer to get
46676
05:29:21,512 --> 05:29:22,512
detailed information such as manufacture
46677
05:29:24,160 --> 05:29:25,160
security etc
46678
05:29:26,232 --> 05:29:27,232
ensure that you're connected to a
46679
05:29:27,512 --> 05:29:28,512
trusted wi-fi connection so this is down
46680
05:29:29,912 --> 05:29:30,912
to you to set your settings on your
46681
05:29:32,400 --> 05:29:33,400
wi-fi automatically or not
46682
05:29:34,960 --> 05:29:35,960
and also you can download and wi-fi
46683
05:29:37,120 --> 05:29:38,120
monitors to show you
46684
05:29:39,192 --> 05:29:40,192
um
46685
05:29:40,160 --> 05:29:41,160
what you're connected to and even give
46686
05:29:41,592 --> 05:29:42,592
you a um a direction to tell you where
46687
05:29:44,552 --> 05:29:45,552
you're connected to
46688
05:29:46,552 --> 05:29:47,552
unintended bluetooth
46689
05:29:49,592 --> 05:29:50,592
uh
46690
05:29:50,400 --> 05:29:51,400
provides a security risk obviously
46691
05:29:53,192 --> 05:29:54,192
and it removes uh remove bluetooth
46692
05:29:55,512 --> 05:29:56,512
pairing and you can actually disable
46693
05:29:57,440 --> 05:29:58,440
bluetooth if you don't need it for
46694
05:29:59,192 --> 05:30:00,192
whatever reason
46695
05:30:01,040 --> 05:30:02,040
and leaking personal data happens
46696
05:30:02,960 --> 05:30:03,960
because of malicious apps
46697
05:30:04,960 --> 05:30:05,960
apps though not malicious have got your
46698
05:30:07,440 --> 05:30:08,440
permission to access personal data and
46699
05:30:09,680 --> 05:30:10,680
then they can pass it to advertisers
46700
05:30:13,832 --> 05:30:14,832
use an app scanner to check whether the
46701
05:30:15,360 --> 05:30:16,360
mobile app is safe or an anti-malware
46702
05:30:19,680 --> 05:30:20,680
you can do a factory reset and a clean
46703
05:30:21,592 --> 05:30:22,592
install if you have to
46704
05:30:24,400 --> 05:30:25,400
you can restore your data from the
46705
05:30:26,552 --> 05:30:27,552
icloud google or onedrive if you've
46706
05:30:28,480 --> 05:30:29,480
backed up all your settings
46707
05:30:31,680 --> 05:30:32,680
unauthorized account access don't store
46708
05:30:33,832 --> 05:30:34,832
usernames or passwords in a mobile phone
46709
05:30:38,080 --> 05:30:39,080
uh don't write them on a piece of paper
46710
05:30:40,080 --> 05:30:41,080
and stick them to the back either as i
46711
05:30:41,440 --> 05:30:42,440
know some people have done
46712
05:30:43,280 --> 05:30:44,280
reset your password if your mobile phone
46713
05:30:45,192 --> 05:30:46,192
is stolen or if you think someone's
46714
05:30:47,192 --> 05:30:48,192
accessed your account
46715
05:30:49,832 --> 05:30:50,832
root access gives and whoever is
46716
05:30:52,872 --> 05:30:53,872
using it administrative privileges of a
46717
05:30:55,280 --> 05:30:56,280
root user to your mobile operating
46718
05:30:57,592 --> 05:30:58,592
system
46719
05:30:59,280 --> 05:31:00,280
it says circumvents the security and
46720
05:31:01,592 --> 05:31:02,592
placed by the mobile operating system
46721
05:31:05,360 --> 05:31:06,360
uh geo location
46722
05:31:07,280 --> 05:31:08,280
is um
46723
05:31:08,400 --> 05:31:09,400
gener data generated by the smartphone
46724
05:31:10,960 --> 05:31:11,960
used by various companies to locate the
46725
05:31:12,800 --> 05:31:13,800
smartphone and you wherever the you'll i
46726
05:31:16,000 --> 05:31:17,000
guess you'll be where the phone is
46727
05:31:18,232 --> 05:31:19,232
uh for example gps services track the
46728
05:31:20,160 --> 05:31:21,160
location for navigation
46729
05:31:22,720 --> 05:31:23,720
an authorized location tracking is done
46730
05:31:24,480 --> 05:31:25,480
for criminal purposes you can actually
46731
05:31:26,640 --> 05:31:27,640
do it for legal purposes say you've got
46732
05:31:28,800 --> 05:31:29,800
um kids or teenagers with phones you can
46733
05:31:32,872 --> 05:31:33,872
enable it so for safety you can see
46734
05:31:35,680 --> 05:31:36,680
where they are at any given time
46735
05:31:37,760 --> 05:31:38,760
criminals can track a user's location by
46736
05:31:39,760 --> 05:31:40,760
taking advantage of the apps installed
46737
05:31:41,680 --> 05:31:42,680
by the user such as facebook that
46738
05:31:43,912 --> 05:31:44,912
provide the user with opt-in location
46739
05:31:46,320 --> 05:31:47,320
tracking
46740
05:31:47,680 --> 05:31:48,680
unauthorized camera use this obviously
46741
05:31:49,592 --> 05:31:50,592
applies to pcs and laptops also there's
46742
05:31:51,912 --> 05:31:52,912
been
46743
05:31:52,872 --> 05:31:53,872
um documented cases of people's cameras
46744
05:31:55,440 --> 05:31:56,440
been accessed and security cameras
46745
05:31:58,400 --> 05:31:59,400
the camera the microphone in your
46746
05:31:59,680 --> 05:32:00,680
smartphone can be remotely activated by
46747
05:32:02,232 --> 05:32:03,232
hackers
46748
05:32:03,680 --> 05:32:04,680
they can spy on you or people nearby to
46749
05:32:06,160 --> 05:32:07,160
avoid an authorized camera microphone
46750
05:32:08,320 --> 05:32:09,320
activation you can disable them
46751
05:32:11,680 --> 05:32:12,680
you can also come cover the camera with
46752
05:32:13,592 --> 05:32:14,592
the tape
46753
05:32:14,640 --> 05:32:15,640
and plug your cord into the microphone's
46754
05:32:16,552 --> 05:32:17,552
jack this is real old-school i'm not
46755
05:32:18,480 --> 05:32:19,480
sure how many of us would want to stick
46756
05:32:20,320 --> 05:32:21,320
a piece of tape over our camera
46757
05:32:22,552 --> 05:32:23,552
um you may get it you may be able to get
46758
05:32:24,080 --> 05:32:25,080
a cover with a flip and a little flip
46759
05:32:26,400 --> 05:32:27,400
thing that will cover it
46760
05:32:28,720 --> 05:32:29,720
a high resource utilization a device is
46761
05:32:31,360 --> 05:32:32,360
busy doing something
46762
05:32:33,280 --> 05:32:34,280
you can monitor the resources normally
46763
05:32:35,440 --> 05:32:36,440
on the phone settings and see what's
46764
05:32:37,280 --> 05:32:38,280
been used and then you can benchmark it
46765
05:32:40,320 --> 05:32:41,320
so we've covered a lot of stuff um
46766
05:32:43,040 --> 05:32:44,040
weak signal power drain slow speeds
46767
05:32:46,080 --> 05:32:47,080
wi-fi and bluetooth pairing leaked
46768
05:32:49,592 --> 05:32:50,592
personal data
46769
05:32:51,440 --> 05:32:52,440
restoring data unauthorized access
46770
05:32:55,192 --> 05:32:56,192
an authorized camera
46771
05:32:57,192 --> 05:32:58,192
high resolution a high resource
46772
05:32:59,192 --> 05:33:00,192
utilization
46773
05:33:00,720 --> 05:33:01,720
that's all for now thanks for watching
46774
05:33:05,920 --> 05:33:06,920
[Music]
46775
05:33:26,872 --> 05:33:27,872
technician professionalism
46776
05:33:29,040 --> 05:33:30,040
troubleshooting process
46777
05:33:31,680 --> 05:33:32,680
so as we wrap up this a plus course we
46778
05:33:34,000 --> 05:33:35,000
need to delve into some of the soft
46779
05:33:35,760 --> 05:33:36,760
skills that go into being a technician
46780
05:33:37,760 --> 05:33:38,760
some of the things that comptia and the
46781
05:33:39,592 --> 05:33:40,592
a-plus certification want you to be
46782
05:33:41,592 --> 05:33:42,592
aware of as a professional technician
46783
05:33:43,912 --> 05:33:44,912
and the first thing we need to talk
46784
05:33:45,120 --> 05:33:46,120
about is this troubleshooting process
46785
05:33:47,360 --> 05:33:48,360
there's actually a specific set of steps
46786
05:33:49,440 --> 05:33:50,440
which may seem like common sense to you
46787
05:33:51,440 --> 05:33:52,440
but which we need to go over anyway that
46788
05:33:53,360 --> 05:33:54,360
a plus wants you to be aware of and they
46789
05:33:55,192 --> 05:33:56,192
will ask you questions about on the exam
46790
05:33:57,680 --> 05:33:58,680
so this is a six step a plus
46791
05:34:00,400 --> 05:34:01,400
troubleshooting process that you need to
46792
05:34:02,080 --> 05:34:03,080
be aware of this is um
46793
05:34:04,800 --> 05:34:05,800
some of this seems like it might overlap
46794
05:34:06,320 --> 05:34:07,320
a little bit and some of it might be
46795
05:34:07,512 --> 05:34:08,512
common sense but we need to be aware of
46796
05:34:10,160 --> 05:34:11,160
the six step process and which comes
46797
05:34:12,000 --> 05:34:13,000
before the other
46798
05:34:13,360 --> 05:34:14,360
when you're taking the test because they
46799
05:34:15,192 --> 05:34:16,192
will ask you so the first step is to
46800
05:34:17,592 --> 05:34:18,592
identify the problem
46801
05:34:19,360 --> 05:34:20,360
the second step is to establish a theory
46802
05:34:22,000 --> 05:34:23,000
about the problem
46803
05:34:23,360 --> 05:34:24,360
the third step is to test the theory
46804
05:34:25,912 --> 05:34:26,912
before we get to step four which is
46805
05:34:28,080 --> 05:34:29,080
establish and implement a plan of action
46806
05:34:30,320 --> 05:34:31,320
i.e fix the problem uh step five is to
46807
05:34:33,680 --> 05:34:34,680
verify full system functionality a step
46808
05:34:36,000 --> 05:34:37,000
that actually a lot of technicians fail
46809
05:34:37,832 --> 05:34:38,832
to do and causes a lot of repeat
46810
05:34:39,592 --> 05:34:40,592
business and then finally step six which
46811
05:34:42,080 --> 05:34:43,080
is document everything your findings
46812
05:34:44,400 --> 05:34:45,400
actions and your outcomes these are the
46813
05:34:46,552 --> 05:34:47,552
six steps that a plus wants you to be
46814
05:34:48,320 --> 05:34:49,320
aware of and so it's important to at
46815
05:34:50,080 --> 05:34:51,080
least be familiar with them and be able
46816
05:34:52,080 --> 05:34:53,080
to recognize it on the test so let's
46817
05:34:54,320 --> 05:34:55,320
quickly just briefly go over uh these
46818
05:34:57,040 --> 05:34:58,040
six steps and sort of how we can
46819
05:34:58,720 --> 05:34:59,720
translate them into real
46820
05:35:00,400 --> 05:35:01,400
uh real world uh language step one
46821
05:35:03,912 --> 05:35:04,912
identify the problem
46822
05:35:05,512 --> 05:35:06,512
what exactly is going on here uh that's
46823
05:35:08,160 --> 05:35:09,160
how i would say identifying the problem
46824
05:35:10,160 --> 05:35:11,160
so for instance
46825
05:35:11,680 --> 05:35:12,680
my computer will not turn on my
46826
05:35:13,360 --> 05:35:14,360
computer's not working might be the uh
46827
05:35:16,720 --> 05:35:17,720
what the user the user might say my
46828
05:35:18,400 --> 05:35:19,400
computer's not turning on and so what
46829
05:35:20,480 --> 05:35:21,480
you need to determine is what exactly is
46830
05:35:22,232 --> 05:35:23,232
the problem if the computer won't turn
46831
05:35:23,912 --> 05:35:24,912
on well then
46832
05:35:25,832 --> 05:35:26,832
then the problem is the computer won't
46833
05:35:27,760 --> 05:35:28,760
turn on if someone calls you and says um
46834
05:35:31,192 --> 05:35:32,192
hey i can't print well the issue is uh
46835
05:35:33,832 --> 05:35:34,832
printer's not functioning correctly
46836
05:35:36,232 --> 05:35:37,232
okay now what the cause of that is
46837
05:35:38,800 --> 05:35:39,800
that's where we get to step two
46838
05:35:40,640 --> 05:35:41,640
establishing a theory so someone says my
46839
05:35:43,592 --> 05:35:44,592
computer won't turn on and the next
46840
05:35:44,872 --> 05:35:45,872
thing you need to think of is well what
46841
05:35:46,480 --> 05:35:47,480
is the most likely cause of the problem
46842
05:35:48,720 --> 05:35:49,720
uh so this would be if the computer's
46843
05:35:50,400 --> 05:35:51,400
not turning on then maybe the system is
46844
05:35:52,232 --> 05:35:53,232
unplugged or if the printer is not
46845
05:35:54,640 --> 05:35:55,640
working then perhaps the cord is not
46846
05:35:57,040 --> 05:35:58,040
plugged in or perhaps the drivers aren't
46847
05:35:59,440 --> 05:36:00,440
there so we need to do is first
46848
05:36:00,960 --> 05:36:01,960
establish a theory as to what we think
46849
05:36:02,800 --> 05:36:03,800
the problem is based on the issue at
46850
05:36:05,680 --> 05:36:06,680
hand or the problem again the problem
46851
05:36:08,160 --> 05:36:09,160
and i just want to point this out the
46852
05:36:09,760 --> 05:36:10,760
problem is actually the issue computer's
46853
05:36:11,912 --> 05:36:12,912
not working computer keeps restarting
46854
05:36:13,760 --> 05:36:14,760
it's very slow it's sluggish what are
46855
05:36:15,512 --> 05:36:16,512
the
46856
05:36:16,160 --> 05:36:17,160
symptoms
46857
05:36:17,680 --> 05:36:18,680
okay then we get to testing a theory
46858
05:36:20,232 --> 05:36:21,232
which is what is your prognosis of the
46859
05:36:22,720 --> 05:36:23,720
situation what do you believe the issue
46860
05:36:25,280 --> 05:36:26,280
to be
46861
05:36:26,160 --> 05:36:27,160
just like with the medical profession
46862
05:36:28,640 --> 05:36:29,640
troubleshooting is not exact in exact
46863
05:36:30,720 --> 05:36:31,720
science so we need to figure out based
46864
05:36:33,040 --> 05:36:34,040
on what we see what we think the problem
46865
05:36:34,960 --> 05:36:35,960
is now of course once we've established
46866
05:36:37,440 --> 05:36:38,440
a theory we need to test that theory to
46867
05:36:39,592 --> 05:36:40,592
see if it actually works so you want to
46868
05:36:41,512 --> 05:36:42,512
make sure your theory quote unquote
46869
05:36:43,192 --> 05:36:44,192
holds water as we would say now i think
46870
05:36:45,592 --> 05:36:46,592
that actually step three and step four
46871
05:36:47,360 --> 05:36:48,360
sort of overlap a little bit but for the
46872
05:36:49,592 --> 05:36:50,592
purposes of the exam keep them separate
46873
05:36:51,832 --> 05:36:52,832
what i mean is that this theory would be
46874
05:36:53,832 --> 05:36:54,832
look the computer isn't plugged in or
46875
05:36:55,760 --> 05:36:56,760
the computer's plugged in so my theory
46876
05:36:57,280 --> 05:36:58,280
is incorrect in which case we'd have to
46877
05:36:59,192 --> 05:37:00,192
actually repeat uh steps one and two but
46878
05:37:02,400 --> 05:37:03,400
we need to test the theory the computer
46879
05:37:04,160 --> 05:37:05,160
is running sluggishly oh well i believe
46880
05:37:06,720 --> 05:37:07,720
that you have a virus the next thing i
46881
05:37:08,552 --> 05:37:09,552
have to do is test the theory now how do
46882
05:37:10,552 --> 05:37:11,552
i do that well if i think you have a
46883
05:37:12,000 --> 05:37:13,000
virus i might boot you into safe mode
46884
05:37:13,680 --> 05:37:14,680
and see if you're still running
46885
05:37:14,640 --> 05:37:15,640
improperly i might take a look at some
46886
05:37:16,320 --> 05:37:17,320
of the settings and see if i see any
46887
05:37:17,760 --> 05:37:18,760
virus problems or virus
46888
05:37:21,192 --> 05:37:22,192
sort of information in your registry or
46889
05:37:23,832 --> 05:37:24,832
in the ms config whatever
46890
05:37:26,720 --> 05:37:27,720
then we get to step four once you've
46891
05:37:28,400 --> 05:37:29,400
tested theory and you're sure that the
46892
05:37:30,080 --> 05:37:31,080
problem that
46893
05:37:31,760 --> 05:37:32,760
is related to what your theory is that's
46894
05:37:33,760 --> 05:37:34,760
when you establish and implement a plan
46895
05:37:35,192 --> 05:37:36,192
of action now the reason i said that
46896
05:37:37,120 --> 05:37:38,120
step four and step three sort of meld
46897
05:37:38,872 --> 05:37:39,872
together for me is i think sometimes
46898
05:37:40,960 --> 05:37:41,960
when you're testing a theory you need to
46899
05:37:42,480 --> 05:37:43,480
implement a plan of action in other
46900
05:37:44,160 --> 05:37:45,160
words if i think there's a virus on your
46901
05:37:46,160 --> 05:37:47,160
system i might run a virus scan to catch
46902
05:37:48,480 --> 05:37:49,480
it by running the virus scan i'm testing
46903
05:37:50,720 --> 05:37:51,720
my theory and at the same time
46904
05:37:52,080 --> 05:37:53,080
implementing a plan of action but this
46905
05:37:54,232 --> 05:37:55,232
is in other words simply fixing the
46906
05:37:56,000 --> 05:37:57,000
problem
46907
05:37:57,192 --> 05:37:58,192
short and sweet i need to figure out how
46908
05:37:59,040 --> 05:38:00,040
i'm going to fix it and then i need to
46909
05:38:00,232 --> 05:38:01,232
fix it based on the problem that i've
46910
05:38:02,720 --> 05:38:03,720
seen a theory i've come up with and me
46911
05:38:05,512 --> 05:38:06,512
verifying that theory is actually
46912
05:38:07,120 --> 05:38:08,120
correct so the in our
46913
05:38:10,080 --> 05:38:11,080
analogy that i've created fixing the
46914
05:38:11,912 --> 05:38:12,912
problem would be plugging in the
46915
05:38:13,120 --> 05:38:14,120
computer remember step one my computer
46916
05:38:15,280 --> 05:38:16,280
is not turning on step two well if your
46917
05:38:18,320 --> 05:38:19,320
computer's not turning on we should
46918
05:38:20,000 --> 05:38:21,000
check to see if it's plugged in step
46919
05:38:22,000 --> 05:38:23,000
three oh look it's not plugged in step
46920
05:38:24,080 --> 05:38:25,080
four i'm gonna plug this in once you've
46921
05:38:26,320 --> 05:38:27,320
done that we can get to step five which
46922
05:38:28,640 --> 05:38:29,640
is verifying full system functionality
46923
05:38:30,800 --> 05:38:31,800
this is a really important step a lot of
46924
05:38:32,720 --> 05:38:33,720
technicians forget to do it sometimes
46925
05:38:34,800 --> 05:38:35,800
you're so in such a quick rush to get to
46926
05:38:36,720 --> 05:38:37,720
your next client or to get to the next
46927
05:38:38,080 --> 05:38:39,080
computer that you don't check out
46928
05:38:40,160 --> 05:38:41,160
everything correctly sometimes when you
46929
05:38:42,160 --> 05:38:43,160
remove a virus for instance you can
46930
05:38:43,680 --> 05:38:44,680
actually remove
46931
05:38:45,360 --> 05:38:46,360
files that will cause the computer not
46932
05:38:47,592 --> 05:38:48,592
to run properly in this case we actually
46933
05:38:50,232 --> 05:38:51,232
need to do more work to verify full
46934
05:38:52,552 --> 05:38:53,552
system functionality
46935
05:38:54,232 --> 05:38:55,232
so sometimes fixing the problem doesn't
46936
05:38:56,400 --> 05:38:57,400
necessarily resolve all the issues it
46937
05:38:58,232 --> 05:38:59,232
might actually cause other ones so in
46938
05:39:00,080 --> 05:39:01,080
this case we're going to turn on the
46939
05:39:01,192 --> 05:39:02,192
computer and test that everything works
46940
05:39:03,192 --> 05:39:04,192
if we just remove the virus we probably
46941
05:39:04,800 --> 05:39:05,800
want to work on it for a little bit make
46942
05:39:06,232 --> 05:39:07,232
sure that we're not getting any error
46943
05:39:07,440 --> 05:39:08,440
messages sometimes this can be a tricky
46944
05:39:09,280 --> 05:39:10,280
one to do too because sometimes full
46945
05:39:11,040 --> 05:39:12,040
system functionality we don't know if we
46946
05:39:12,720 --> 05:39:13,720
have until we start getting error
46947
05:39:14,400 --> 05:39:15,400
messages or weird things start to occur
46948
05:39:16,480 --> 05:39:17,480
and so sometimes you'll have to leave
46949
05:39:17,912 --> 05:39:18,912
your information with uh
46950
05:39:20,640 --> 05:39:21,640
the client and just test it to the best
46951
05:39:23,040 --> 05:39:24,040
of your ability getting to step six
46952
05:39:24,800 --> 05:39:25,800
you're gonna document everything and
46953
05:39:26,640 --> 05:39:27,640
then you're gonna let them call you in
46954
05:39:28,080 --> 05:39:29,080
case something goes wrong again so in
46955
05:39:30,320 --> 05:39:31,320
this case the computer bit
46956
05:39:32,080 --> 05:39:33,080
boots up and then it's been working for
46957
05:39:33,512 --> 05:39:34,512
about five minutes i don't just want to
46958
05:39:35,040 --> 05:39:36,040
boot up the computer and look that it's
46959
05:39:36,400 --> 05:39:37,400
working because what if i go away and
46960
05:39:38,000 --> 05:39:39,000
suddenly the computer shuts down again
46961
05:39:40,080 --> 05:39:41,080
well then maybe it wasn't the fact that
46962
05:39:41,512 --> 05:39:42,512
things weren't plugged in correctly
46963
05:39:42,872 --> 05:39:43,872
maybe the system is overheating so we
46964
05:39:45,040 --> 05:39:46,040
need to give it a little time of course
46965
05:39:46,720 --> 05:39:47,720
you can't spend hours and hours there
46966
05:39:48,232 --> 05:39:49,232
that's probably too expensive for the
46967
05:39:50,160 --> 05:39:51,160
client and takes too much time for you
46968
05:39:52,872 --> 05:39:53,872
so finally step six this is a really
46969
05:39:55,280 --> 05:39:56,280
really really important one especially
46970
05:39:56,960 --> 05:39:57,960
when it comes to this a plus exam you
46971
05:39:59,592 --> 05:40:00,592
need to document your findings you write
46972
05:40:01,832 --> 05:40:02,832
it all down for the next time
46973
05:40:04,400 --> 05:40:05,400
you don't only write it down for
46974
05:40:05,912 --> 05:40:06,912
yourself but you write it down so other
46975
05:40:08,960 --> 05:40:09,960
people know how to fix the issue so if
46976
05:40:12,480 --> 05:40:13,480
i've plugged in the issue the computer
46977
05:40:14,320 --> 05:40:15,320
and then someone else gets a call and it
46978
05:40:16,080 --> 05:40:17,080
says my computer's not working well a
46979
05:40:18,552 --> 05:40:19,552
they might realize this user somehow it
46980
05:40:20,960 --> 05:40:21,960
keeps unplugging their system or b i've
46981
05:40:23,832 --> 05:40:24,832
already tried to unpl unplug and replug
46982
05:40:26,232 --> 05:40:27,232
in the system and that is actually not
46983
05:40:27,680 --> 05:40:28,680
the real uh real issue so it's really
46984
05:40:30,960 --> 05:40:31,960
important to document everything and i
46985
05:40:33,040 --> 05:40:34,040
mean write it all down write too much
46986
05:40:35,120 --> 05:40:36,120
down you can never be too exhausted in
46987
05:40:36,872 --> 05:40:37,872
what you write a lot of places will
46988
05:40:38,960 --> 05:40:39,960
actually use what are called ticketing
46989
05:40:40,552 --> 05:40:41,552
systems a ticketing system uh allows you
46990
05:40:43,832 --> 05:40:44,832
to sort of figure out
46991
05:40:45,680 --> 05:40:46,680
uh uh to keep track of users and the
46992
05:40:48,400 --> 05:40:49,400
problems they've had it also allows you
46993
05:40:50,400 --> 05:40:51,400
to do what we call escalate a problem in
46994
05:40:53,360 --> 05:40:54,360
case it's a little out of your means
46995
05:40:54,800 --> 05:40:55,800
which sometimes happens still in the
46996
05:40:56,800 --> 05:40:57,800
case of escalation you need to document
46997
05:40:58,720 --> 05:40:59,720
everything so the next person this
46998
05:41:00,800 --> 05:41:01,800
perhaps level two or level three
46999
05:41:02,640 --> 05:41:03,640
technician can fix the problem that you
47000
05:41:04,640 --> 05:41:05,640
weren't able to
47001
05:41:06,000 --> 05:41:07,000
all right
47002
05:41:06,960 --> 05:41:07,960
so really quickly i just want to review
47003
05:41:08,552 --> 05:41:09,552
this six step process since again this
47004
05:41:10,960 --> 05:41:11,960
is really important and it will come up
47005
05:41:12,320 --> 05:41:13,320
on the exam
47006
05:41:13,440 --> 05:41:14,440
step one we're going to identify the
47007
05:41:15,120 --> 05:41:16,120
problem look computer's not turning on
47008
05:41:17,280 --> 05:41:18,280
oh internet's not working oh the
47009
05:41:19,120 --> 05:41:20,120
printer's not printing step two
47010
05:41:20,872 --> 05:41:21,872
establish a theory i think the printer
47011
05:41:22,552 --> 05:41:23,552
is not printing because the network's
47012
05:41:24,000 --> 05:41:25,000
down or i think the printer is not
47013
05:41:25,912 --> 05:41:26,912
printing because the device drivers
47014
05:41:27,512 --> 05:41:28,512
aren't installed correctly step three is
47015
05:41:29,832 --> 05:41:30,832
test the theory perhaps you plug up that
47016
05:41:31,912 --> 05:41:32,912
printer to another computer you know
47017
05:41:33,680 --> 05:41:34,680
works oh it's working here so it must be
47018
05:41:35,440 --> 05:41:36,440
a software problem or you test the
47019
05:41:37,440 --> 05:41:38,440
theory by checking to see if the network
47020
05:41:39,120 --> 05:41:40,120
connection works for another computer ah
47021
05:41:41,280 --> 05:41:42,280
it's working i can print from another
47022
05:41:42,552 --> 05:41:43,552
computer therefore it must be something
47023
05:41:44,800 --> 05:41:45,800
to do with this computer not with
47024
05:41:46,720 --> 05:41:47,720
necessarily the entire network's
47025
05:41:48,640 --> 05:41:49,640
connection step 4 establish and
47026
05:41:50,720 --> 05:41:51,720
implement a plan since i know the driver
47027
05:41:52,800 --> 05:41:53,800
is not installed correctly i know i need
47028
05:41:54,400 --> 05:41:55,400
to download and install new drivers once
47029
05:41:56,552 --> 05:41:57,552
you do that you do it and then you
47030
05:41:58,480 --> 05:41:59,480
verify full system functionality i'm
47031
05:42:00,400 --> 05:42:01,400
going to print to that printer and make
47032
05:42:01,680 --> 05:42:02,680
sure it works i'm going to work on the
47033
05:42:03,360 --> 05:42:04,360
computer for a little bit i'm going to
47034
05:42:04,400 --> 05:42:05,400
print from different types of
47035
05:42:05,680 --> 05:42:06,680
applications and finally we document the
47036
05:42:08,080 --> 05:42:09,080
findings actions and outcomes basically
47037
05:42:10,320 --> 05:42:11,320
everything we did everything we saw and
47038
05:42:12,800 --> 05:42:13,800
everything that happened that way the
47039
05:42:15,360 --> 05:42:16,360
next user knows how to fix it if the
47040
05:42:17,440 --> 05:42:18,440
same problem arises or knows what you
47041
05:42:19,360 --> 05:42:20,360
tried in case a different problem arises
47042
05:42:21,440 --> 05:42:22,440
alternatively so you have a nice log of
47043
05:42:23,680 --> 05:42:24,680
what you've done in the past to fix
47044
05:42:25,280 --> 05:42:26,280
issues
47045
05:42:26,320 --> 05:42:27,320
great so that's the six step
47046
05:42:28,160 --> 05:42:29,160
troubleshooting process you need to be
47047
05:42:29,680 --> 05:42:30,680
familiar with for a plus let's continue
47048
05:42:31,832 --> 05:42:32,832
on talking about some other technician
47049
05:42:33,512 --> 05:42:34,512
professionalism uh issues that you need
47050
05:42:36,400 --> 05:42:37,400
to be aware of for this exam
47051
05:42:41,450 --> 05:42:42,450
[Music]
47052
05:43:02,320 --> 05:43:03,320
technician professionalism physical
47053
05:43:04,800 --> 05:43:05,800
safety and environmental control
47054
05:43:09,440 --> 05:43:10,440
just as there is a specific way to go
47055
05:43:11,592 --> 05:43:12,592
about troubleshooting computer problems
47056
05:43:13,512 --> 05:43:14,512
according to a plus we also need to be
47057
05:43:15,680 --> 05:43:16,680
aware of physical and environmental
47058
05:43:18,480 --> 05:43:19,480
factors that can cause damage to either
47059
05:43:21,040 --> 05:43:22,040
ourselves or the equipment so i want to
47060
05:43:23,192 --> 05:43:24,192
briefly go over some of the physical and
47061
05:43:25,192 --> 05:43:26,192
environmental considerations that go
47062
05:43:27,192 --> 05:43:28,192
into being a technician
47063
05:43:29,360 --> 05:43:30,360
these include not only the physical
47064
05:43:31,120 --> 05:43:32,120
safety things but environmental so first
47065
05:43:33,360 --> 05:43:34,360
let's talk about the physical safety we
47066
05:43:35,440 --> 05:43:36,440
want to be aware of securing cables
47067
05:43:37,360 --> 05:43:38,360
loose cables uh cables that we are
47068
05:43:40,080 --> 05:43:41,080
working on cables that have already been
47069
05:43:41,440 --> 05:43:42,440
put there cables that are put there by
47070
05:43:42,872 --> 05:43:43,872
people who don't know as much etc we
47071
05:43:44,960 --> 05:43:45,960
also want to look at lifting heavy items
47072
05:43:47,680 --> 05:43:48,680
or any heavy items in general whenever
47073
05:43:49,832 --> 05:43:50,832
you apply for a technician's job it'll
47074
05:43:51,832 --> 05:43:52,832
generally say you have to be able to
47075
05:43:53,440 --> 05:43:54,440
lift at least 50 pounds
47076
05:43:56,232 --> 05:43:57,232
or that equivalent in
47077
05:43:58,320 --> 05:43:59,320
kilograms which is rather heavy and if
47078
05:44:01,040 --> 05:44:02,040
you are uh not 200 pounds then you
47079
05:44:04,320 --> 05:44:05,320
shouldn't be lifting this stuff so it's
47080
05:44:05,912 --> 05:44:06,912
sort of ironic and we'll talk about that
47081
05:44:08,320 --> 05:44:09,320
we also want to talk about hot
47082
05:44:09,832 --> 05:44:10,832
components you're dealing with stuff
47083
05:44:11,120 --> 05:44:12,120
with electricity therefore they get hot
47084
05:44:13,040 --> 05:44:14,040
and you don't want to burn yourself and
47085
05:44:14,800 --> 05:44:15,800
finally ergonomics
47086
05:44:16,640 --> 05:44:17,640
ergonomics you're going to be working on
47087
05:44:18,400 --> 05:44:19,400
computers a lot so not only eye strain
47088
05:44:20,320 --> 05:44:21,320
but also repetitive
47089
05:44:21,912 --> 05:44:22,912
stress uh from your hands etc i think
47090
05:44:24,872 --> 05:44:25,872
we've talked about this a bit but i want
47091
05:44:26,400 --> 05:44:27,400
to
47092
05:44:27,280 --> 05:44:28,280
go back over it again another thing to
47093
05:44:29,280 --> 05:44:30,280
be aware of is there is an organization
47094
05:44:30,960 --> 05:44:31,960
at least in the united states called
47095
05:44:32,720 --> 05:44:33,720
osha which is occupational safety and
47096
05:44:35,440 --> 05:44:36,440
health administration and
47097
05:44:37,760 --> 05:44:38,760
they put out guidelines as to a lot of
47098
05:44:39,760 --> 05:44:40,760
these things and a lot of the stuff
47099
05:44:40,872 --> 05:44:41,872
we're talking about is required by them
47100
05:44:42,800 --> 05:44:43,800
uh since the department of defense
47101
05:44:44,400 --> 05:44:45,400
requires the certification a lot of this
47102
05:44:46,160 --> 05:44:47,160
stuff has to do with osha requirements
47103
05:44:48,000 --> 05:44:49,000
so if you hear about osha i'm not going
47104
05:44:49,440 --> 05:44:50,440
to mention it specifically in this exam
47105
05:44:52,000 --> 05:44:53,000
or in this
47106
05:44:53,440 --> 05:44:54,440
video just because uh you might not be
47107
05:44:56,232 --> 05:44:57,232
in the united states so you don't have
47108
05:44:57,592 --> 05:44:58,592
to follow osha guidelines but anyone
47109
05:44:59,512 --> 05:45:00,512
dealing with united states does have to
47110
05:45:00,872 --> 05:45:01,872
follow osha guidelines and they say all
47111
05:45:02,552 --> 05:45:03,552
the stuff having to do with safety and
47112
05:45:04,400 --> 05:45:05,400
hazards and so they're not a bad
47113
05:45:06,320 --> 05:45:07,320
resource to go look up if you're on the
47114
05:45:08,160 --> 05:45:09,160
internet osha.gov
47115
05:45:10,480 --> 05:45:11,480
is the
47116
05:45:12,080 --> 05:45:13,080
website
47117
05:45:13,440 --> 05:45:14,440
then we're going to talk about
47118
05:45:14,480 --> 05:45:15,480
environmental controls these are more
47119
05:45:16,640 --> 05:45:17,640
for the computer's sake rather than
47120
05:45:18,800 --> 05:45:19,800
yours
47121
05:45:19,760 --> 05:45:20,760
and this includes of course air quality
47122
05:45:21,592 --> 05:45:22,592
which we have mentioned especially when
47123
05:45:23,120 --> 05:45:24,120
we talked about emi we're going to talk
47124
05:45:25,120 --> 05:45:26,120
about that again too
47125
05:45:26,720 --> 05:45:27,720
electromagnetic interference
47126
05:45:29,040 --> 05:45:30,040
we also want to look at radio frequency
47127
05:45:31,192 --> 05:45:32,192
interference or rfi similar to emi but
47128
05:45:34,232 --> 05:45:35,232
more is going to get in the way of our
47129
05:45:35,760 --> 05:45:36,760
wifi connections rather than our bound
47130
05:45:38,320 --> 05:45:39,320
connections and finally i want to talk
47131
05:45:40,720 --> 05:45:41,720
about the msds material safety data
47132
05:45:44,232 --> 05:45:45,232
sheet
47133
05:45:45,040 --> 05:45:46,040
which tells you what to do in case of an
47134
05:45:47,040 --> 05:45:48,040
emergency with specific
47135
05:45:50,872 --> 05:45:51,872
chemicals that you may be encountering
47136
05:45:53,832 --> 05:45:54,832
finally we want to look at disposing of
47137
05:45:57,280 --> 05:45:58,280
batteries toner all of these things
47138
05:45:59,360 --> 05:46:00,360
because we're dealing with stuff that
47139
05:46:00,720 --> 05:46:01,720
has chemicals in it we want to make sure
47140
05:46:02,800 --> 05:46:03,800
we're dealing with it in the right way
47141
05:46:04,000 --> 05:46:05,000
and that means disposing of it the right
47142
05:46:05,440 --> 05:46:06,440
way not only for our our own healthy but
47143
05:46:07,592 --> 05:46:08,592
also for the environmental uh safety of
47144
05:46:10,720 --> 05:46:11,720
our entire globe all right so first
47145
05:46:13,120 --> 05:46:14,120
let's talk about securing cables we
47146
05:46:15,280 --> 05:46:16,280
should be professionally installing
47147
05:46:17,680 --> 05:46:18,680
cables in permanent walls or permanently
47148
05:46:20,800 --> 05:46:21,800
being installed in walls
47149
05:46:23,192 --> 05:46:24,192
just because if they're done by someone
47150
05:46:24,960 --> 05:46:25,960
professional they're done right then
47151
05:46:26,640 --> 05:46:27,640
you're not gonna have to worry about a
47152
05:46:28,640 --> 05:46:29,640
getting you know tripping over them uh
47153
05:46:31,120 --> 05:46:32,120
getting hurt etc we also wanna try
47154
05:46:33,192 --> 05:46:34,192
nowadays to rely on unbounded stuff
47155
05:46:35,512 --> 05:46:36,512
wireless stuff as much as possible uh
47156
05:46:38,232 --> 05:46:39,232
however in certain instances this isn't
47157
05:46:40,000 --> 05:46:41,000
the case we have temporary cables uh or
47158
05:46:42,800 --> 05:46:43,800
we have cables that we have to install
47159
05:46:44,400 --> 05:46:45,400
that we can't get a professional out or
47160
05:46:46,320 --> 05:46:47,320
somebody's temporary cables turn into
47161
05:46:48,320 --> 05:46:49,320
permanent cables and so we need to make
47162
05:46:50,232 --> 05:46:51,232
sure we keep these out of high traffic
47163
05:46:52,160 --> 05:46:53,160
areas uh for instance if it's going
47164
05:46:54,232 --> 05:46:55,232
across a carpeted area
47165
05:46:56,960 --> 05:46:57,960
that is a
47166
05:46:59,192 --> 05:47:00,192
constantly dealing with traffic foot
47167
05:47:01,440 --> 05:47:02,440
traffic then we need to make sure we
47168
05:47:03,280 --> 05:47:04,280
tape that down secure it we use tape on
47169
05:47:05,512 --> 05:47:06,512
the floor we use guards you can purchase
47170
05:47:08,640 --> 05:47:09,640
or we wrap it something this is a huge
47171
05:47:11,280 --> 05:47:12,280
tripping hazard and the worst thing you
47172
05:47:12,720 --> 05:47:13,720
would want is for someone else to trip
47173
05:47:14,872 --> 05:47:15,872
not even yourself to trip um
47174
05:47:17,360 --> 05:47:18,360
but someone else to get injured off
47175
05:47:18,960 --> 05:47:19,960
because of you and again if someone gets
47176
05:47:20,552 --> 05:47:21,552
injured on the job they file in the
47177
05:47:22,080 --> 05:47:23,080
united states at least for workers
47178
05:47:23,512 --> 05:47:24,512
compensation and that's going to cost
47179
05:47:26,080 --> 05:47:27,080
the organization more money
47180
05:47:28,552 --> 05:47:29,552
we also want to be careful when we're
47181
05:47:30,000 --> 05:47:31,000
unplugging and rerouting cables
47182
05:47:33,192 --> 05:47:34,192
because you don't know what data is
47183
05:47:35,912 --> 05:47:36,912
going on over those cables at that
47184
05:47:38,000 --> 05:47:39,000
moment you don't know if they're hot you
47185
05:47:39,512 --> 05:47:40,512
don't know if it's connected to an
47186
05:47:40,800 --> 05:47:41,800
electrical source so always be careful
47187
05:47:43,040 --> 05:47:44,040
and in any instance that you're not sure
47188
05:47:45,192 --> 05:47:46,192
of something just contact your
47189
05:47:46,720 --> 05:47:47,720
administrator and definitely don't do
47190
05:47:49,280 --> 05:47:50,280
anything during the work day because you
47191
05:47:51,440 --> 05:47:52,440
might bring down the network and even
47192
05:47:53,512 --> 05:47:54,512
though there might not be people
47193
05:47:54,800 --> 05:47:55,800
necessarily working on it there are
47194
05:47:56,320 --> 05:47:57,320
certainly nowadays computers that are
47195
05:47:58,160 --> 05:47:59,160
doing and sending information over these
47196
05:48:00,232 --> 05:48:01,232
and if you shut down a computer or shut
47197
05:48:02,232 --> 05:48:03,232
down a network rather while the
47198
05:48:03,832 --> 05:48:04,832
computers say batching a lot of uh bank
47199
05:48:06,800 --> 05:48:07,800
information then you're going to be in
47200
05:48:08,320 --> 05:48:09,320
major trouble with your employer
47201
05:48:10,872 --> 05:48:11,872
next we need to talk about lifting of
47202
05:48:12,400 --> 05:48:13,400
heavy items the easiest way to injure
47203
05:48:14,960 --> 05:48:15,960
yourself is through improper lifting it
47204
05:48:16,960 --> 05:48:17,960
just happens constantly and everyone
47205
05:48:18,872 --> 05:48:19,872
does improper lifting so i just want to
47206
05:48:20,552 --> 05:48:21,552
go over this although you probably know
47207
05:48:22,000 --> 05:48:23,000
this the first thing is don't attempt
47208
05:48:24,320 --> 05:48:25,320
any to lift anything especially from the
47209
05:48:26,552 --> 05:48:27,552
ground up um
47210
05:48:28,960 --> 05:48:29,960
that much distance if it is more than a
47211
05:48:30,960 --> 05:48:31,960
quarter of your weight meaning that if
47212
05:48:33,512 --> 05:48:34,512
you are if the item is 50 pounds uh and
47213
05:48:36,960 --> 05:48:37,960
you are 175 pounds right that is not
47214
05:48:40,320 --> 05:48:41,320
enough right you need to be at least 200
47215
05:48:42,552 --> 05:48:43,552
pounds to lift something that's 50
47216
05:48:44,320 --> 05:48:45,320
pounds if you're not then get a partner
47217
05:48:46,400 --> 05:48:47,400
have someone help you determine where
47218
05:48:48,400 --> 05:48:49,400
you're going before you start lifting
47219
05:48:50,000 --> 05:48:51,000
and so on you also want to lift from
47220
05:48:52,320 --> 05:48:53,320
your legs with a straight back
47221
05:48:54,552 --> 05:48:55,552
this is difficult to describe it's
47222
05:48:56,640 --> 05:48:57,640
better easier to do but basically
47223
05:48:58,720 --> 05:48:59,720
speaking a lot of people will lift
47224
05:49:00,400 --> 05:49:01,400
straight from their back they'll bend
47225
05:49:01,832 --> 05:49:02,832
over uh not bending their legs just
47226
05:49:04,480 --> 05:49:05,480
their torso and just sort of come up the
47227
05:49:06,800 --> 05:49:07,800
problem is you're putting so much stress
47228
05:49:08,000 --> 05:49:09,000
on your back your back is not meant to
47229
05:49:09,440 --> 05:49:10,440
take that much stress bend your legs and
47230
05:49:11,912 --> 05:49:12,912
stand up from your legs bending your
47231
05:49:14,160 --> 05:49:15,160
knees
47232
05:49:15,120 --> 05:49:16,120
and straightening them that way the bulk
47233
05:49:17,680 --> 05:49:18,680
of the weight is going into your quads
47234
05:49:20,160 --> 05:49:21,160
into your hamstrings and into your calf
47235
05:49:22,320 --> 05:49:23,320
muscles rather than into your lower back
47236
05:49:24,872 --> 05:49:25,872
also immediately and this goes in any
47237
05:49:26,832 --> 05:49:27,832
case report injuries to a supervisor and
47238
05:49:29,192 --> 05:49:30,192
get it in writing if you are injured on
47239
05:49:31,360 --> 05:49:32,360
the job you want to make sure that
47240
05:49:32,480 --> 05:49:33,480
you're protected and if you don't get
47241
05:49:34,480 --> 05:49:35,480
that written down if you don't
47242
05:49:36,400 --> 05:49:37,400
get something signed and in writing
47243
05:49:38,232 --> 05:49:39,232
describing exactly what happened and
47244
05:49:40,000 --> 05:49:41,000
everything that happened then you're
47245
05:49:41,440 --> 05:49:42,440
going to be in trouble in the future and
47246
05:49:43,120 --> 05:49:44,120
they probably won't want
47247
05:49:44,800 --> 05:49:45,800
the company's not going to want to pay
47248
05:49:46,232 --> 05:49:47,232
for your you know your health issues
47249
05:49:49,120 --> 05:49:50,120
so make sure to get everything in
47250
05:49:50,400 --> 05:49:51,400
writing any lawyer barrister will tell
47251
05:49:52,640 --> 05:49:53,640
you that
47252
05:49:54,320 --> 05:49:55,320
we also need to talk about hot
47253
05:49:55,592 --> 05:49:56,592
components obviously we're we're dealing
47254
05:49:57,512 --> 05:49:58,512
with electricity and so we need to be
47255
05:49:59,440 --> 05:50:00,440
very aware of heat that is caused
47256
05:50:01,040 --> 05:50:02,040
because of electricity so you always
47257
05:50:02,720 --> 05:50:03,720
want to mate i would say at least 15 to
47258
05:50:04,800 --> 05:50:05,800
30 minutes for a hot component to cool
47259
05:50:07,440 --> 05:50:08,440
um
47260
05:50:08,640 --> 05:50:09,640
hot components could be hard drives
47261
05:50:10,232 --> 05:50:11,232
power supplies batteries really anything
47262
05:50:12,480 --> 05:50:13,480
electrical wait for it to cool turn it
47263
05:50:14,552 --> 05:50:15,552
off let it sit before you open it or do
47264
05:50:16,552 --> 05:50:17,552
anything a good rule of thumb is uh you
47265
05:50:19,592 --> 05:50:20,592
know you can take the back of your hand
47266
05:50:21,360 --> 05:50:22,360
and you can slowly move it towards the
47267
05:50:23,760 --> 05:50:24,760
item if you feel heat emanating just
47268
05:50:25,440 --> 05:50:26,440
don't even bother you can sort of try
47269
05:50:27,760 --> 05:50:28,760
dabbling at it with your hand and if you
47270
05:50:29,760 --> 05:50:30,760
feel heat then you're probably um you
47271
05:50:32,480 --> 05:50:33,480
should wait even longer
47272
05:50:34,480 --> 05:50:35,480
if it's always possible uh if something
47273
05:50:36,640 --> 05:50:37,640
holds a charge don't even open it best
47274
05:50:38,800 --> 05:50:39,800
example these are those cbt monitors
47275
05:50:40,800 --> 05:50:41,800
they hold a charge they're a large
47276
05:50:42,080 --> 05:50:43,080
battery if there's anything that you
47277
05:50:43,192 --> 05:50:44,192
think still has electrical charge in it
47278
05:50:45,040 --> 05:50:46,040
don't even bother opening it this isn't
47279
05:50:46,552 --> 05:50:47,552
just with heat this is with electricity
47280
05:50:48,400 --> 05:50:49,400
because it will shock you and you could
47281
05:50:50,000 --> 05:50:51,000
potentially harm yourself or even
47282
05:50:51,760 --> 05:50:52,760
mortally you know hurt yourself
47283
05:50:54,960 --> 05:50:55,960
kill yourself more or less
47284
05:50:57,280 --> 05:50:58,280
we also need to talk about ergonomics i
47285
05:50:59,120 --> 05:51:00,120
i found a public domain picture over
47286
05:51:01,040 --> 05:51:02,040
here that sort of sews some of the nice
47287
05:51:03,280 --> 05:51:04,280
um
47288
05:51:04,232 --> 05:51:05,232
you know how you should be sitting and
47289
05:51:05,512 --> 05:51:06,512
how no one is couple things one our
47290
05:51:07,512 --> 05:51:08,512
bodies are not made to sit in front of
47291
05:51:08,960 --> 05:51:09,960
computers all day just biologically
47292
05:51:10,552 --> 05:51:11,552
speaking however you um
47293
05:51:13,192 --> 05:51:14,192
think we were brought onto this earth it
47294
05:51:14,800 --> 05:51:15,800
doesn't matter what does matter is we
47295
05:51:16,800 --> 05:51:17,800
know that you know two or three hundred
47296
05:51:18,800 --> 05:51:19,800
years ago we didn't have computers and
47297
05:51:20,800 --> 05:51:21,800
thousands of years ago we didn't have
47298
05:51:22,080 --> 05:51:23,080
any sort of electronics whatsoever and
47299
05:51:24,000 --> 05:51:25,000
so we weren't meant to sort of just sit
47300
05:51:26,080 --> 05:51:27,080
all day we're meant to go out we're
47301
05:51:27,680 --> 05:51:28,680
meant to do things typing is not regular
47302
05:51:30,000 --> 05:51:31,000
etc now that doesn't mean we can't do it
47303
05:51:32,160 --> 05:51:33,160
we can do anything safely we just have
47304
05:51:34,232 --> 05:51:35,232
to make sure we follow some rules so
47305
05:51:36,160 --> 05:51:37,160
first thing is you might need some
47306
05:51:37,680 --> 05:51:38,680
special eyeglasses because um if your
47307
05:51:40,552 --> 05:51:41,552
reading glasses are meant to be things
47308
05:51:42,480 --> 05:51:43,480
that are read very close
47309
05:51:44,160 --> 05:51:45,160
and seeing glasses for long for longer
47310
05:51:46,720 --> 05:51:47,720
distances
47311
05:51:48,552 --> 05:51:49,552
there's nothing that's in between and so
47312
05:51:50,320 --> 05:51:51,320
what we need is special glasses
47313
05:51:51,760 --> 05:51:52,760
sometimes for the length of a computer
47314
05:51:53,832 --> 05:51:54,832
which is away from you generally uh one
47315
05:51:56,160 --> 05:51:57,160
and a half to two feet away that's
47316
05:51:57,912 --> 05:51:58,912
different from reading a book so you
47317
05:51:59,360 --> 05:52:00,360
might need special glasses and as you
47318
05:52:01,680 --> 05:52:02,680
can see right here we're looking at this
47319
05:52:03,192 --> 05:52:04,192
18 to 24. also one thing to notice is
47320
05:52:05,912 --> 05:52:06,912
that we want to use proper typing
47321
05:52:07,592 --> 05:52:08,592
techniques we want to have a nice
47322
05:52:09,680 --> 05:52:10,680
straight line of our wrists we don't
47323
05:52:12,160 --> 05:52:13,160
want to be putting a lot of pressure on
47324
05:52:13,912 --> 05:52:14,912
our wrists or have something supporting
47325
05:52:16,640 --> 05:52:17,640
our elbows because that's going to
47326
05:52:18,000 --> 05:52:19,000
actually put a good deal of pressure
47327
05:52:19,512 --> 05:52:20,512
when we don't need it
47328
05:52:21,120 --> 05:52:22,120
so you can always talk to an uh
47329
05:52:23,360 --> 05:52:24,360
ergonomics expert who's going to be able
47330
05:52:25,040 --> 05:52:26,040
to help you with this or look up
47331
05:52:26,480 --> 05:52:27,480
anything on the internet we'll give you
47332
05:52:28,000 --> 05:52:29,000
some good information but this is a
47333
05:52:29,680 --> 05:52:30,680
really quick way especially when using
47334
05:52:31,192 --> 05:52:32,192
mice and moving them around or using
47335
05:52:33,360 --> 05:52:34,360
them in an odd way you can very easily
47336
05:52:34,960 --> 05:52:35,960
develop a carpal tunnel
47337
05:52:37,360 --> 05:52:38,360
which
47338
05:52:38,160 --> 05:52:39,160
impacts some of the nerves in your
47339
05:52:39,592 --> 05:52:40,592
wrists and that can cause real pain and
47340
05:52:41,680 --> 05:52:42,680
can also hurt you in the future we also
47341
05:52:45,280 --> 05:52:46,280
want to make sure our monitor is at eye
47342
05:52:46,872 --> 05:52:47,872
level otherwise if you imagine the
47343
05:52:48,400 --> 05:52:49,400
monitor is here which a lot of people
47344
05:52:50,080 --> 05:52:51,080
have you're going to be craning your
47345
05:52:51,912 --> 05:52:52,912
neck this way in order to look there and
47346
05:52:54,960 --> 05:52:55,960
that's going to put a lot of just
47347
05:52:56,400 --> 05:52:57,400
imagine all the stress that that puts on
47348
05:52:58,080 --> 05:52:59,080
the back uh and and our our bodies are
47349
05:53:01,120 --> 05:53:02,120
perfectly balanced when we're standing
47350
05:53:02,872 --> 05:53:03,872
straight and when you're sitting as well
47351
05:53:04,720 --> 05:53:05,720
we have a tailbone that sort of balances
47352
05:53:07,040 --> 05:53:08,040
our body so if you're putting that out
47353
05:53:08,320 --> 05:53:09,320
of whack you have other muscles that are
47354
05:53:10,080 --> 05:53:11,080
going to have to compensate and that's
47355
05:53:11,512 --> 05:53:12,512
going to end up hurting you
47356
05:53:13,592 --> 05:53:14,592
wrists and hands in line with the
47357
05:53:15,512 --> 05:53:16,512
forearms as i mentioned when you use
47358
05:53:17,192 --> 05:53:18,192
proper typing techniques where our
47359
05:53:19,440 --> 05:53:20,440
wrists and our arms are i get pain often
47360
05:53:21,832 --> 05:53:22,832
in my wrist from early back in my career
47361
05:53:24,480 --> 05:53:25,480
i i did not type correctly and use my
47362
05:53:26,800 --> 05:53:27,800
mouse incorrectly also we're seeing this
47363
05:53:28,960 --> 05:53:29,960
a lot nowadays because the mouse isn't
47364
05:53:30,552 --> 05:53:31,552
over on the right it's sort of centrally
47365
05:53:32,400 --> 05:53:33,400
located on the keyboard
47366
05:53:35,592 --> 05:53:36,592
or below the keyboard of a laptop and
47367
05:53:37,360 --> 05:53:38,360
that can cause major issues as well
47368
05:53:39,832 --> 05:53:40,832
finally you need to get up and take a
47369
05:53:41,192 --> 05:53:42,192
break at least every two hours i would
47370
05:53:42,872 --> 05:53:43,872
actually do it at least every one hour
47371
05:53:44,800 --> 05:53:45,800
recommendation is every two hours just
47372
05:53:46,800 --> 05:53:47,800
because we need to stretch you need to
47373
05:53:48,232 --> 05:53:49,232
get your muscles up and going and this
47374
05:53:50,000 --> 05:53:51,000
is going to keep you from developing
47375
05:53:51,832 --> 05:53:52,832
repetitive stress
47376
05:53:53,832 --> 05:53:54,832
issues
47377
05:53:55,832 --> 05:53:56,832
all right now let's talk about some of
47378
05:53:58,000 --> 05:53:59,000
the environmental controls first let's
47379
05:53:59,592 --> 05:54:00,592
look at air quality we want the
47380
05:54:01,440 --> 05:54:02,440
temperature to range anywhere from 68 to
47381
05:54:03,832 --> 05:54:04,832
76 degrees fahrenheit i'm not a
47382
05:54:06,832 --> 05:54:07,832
mathematician but i believe this is
47383
05:54:09,192 --> 05:54:10,192
anywhere from 20 to 25 degrees celsius
47384
05:54:12,640 --> 05:54:13,640
for those of you who don't use
47385
05:54:13,680 --> 05:54:14,680
fahrenheit like most of the world we
47386
05:54:15,680 --> 05:54:16,680
also want to remember that we want to
47387
05:54:16,960 --> 05:54:17,960
keep our humidity between 20 and 60
47388
05:54:19,120 --> 05:54:20,120
degrees remember low humidity is going
47389
05:54:22,000 --> 05:54:23,000
to cause electrostatic discharge and so
47390
05:54:24,480 --> 05:54:25,480
having a bit of humidity but not too
47391
05:54:26,640 --> 05:54:27,640
much in the room is going to be good we
47392
05:54:27,912 --> 05:54:28,912
have too much humidity then things start
47393
05:54:29,680 --> 05:54:30,680
to stick together such as paper in our
47394
05:54:31,440 --> 05:54:32,440
printers we can jam stuff and also it
47395
05:54:33,512 --> 05:54:34,512
can cause um you know electricity
47396
05:54:37,440 --> 05:54:38,440
you could have some more issues with
47397
05:54:38,720 --> 05:54:39,720
electricity and electrical components
47398
05:54:40,160 --> 05:54:41,160
including them getting too damp so you
47399
05:54:41,912 --> 05:54:42,912
wanna have a nice mix of the two of the
47400
05:54:44,160 --> 05:54:45,160
two to do this you're gonna use an hvac
47401
05:54:46,320 --> 05:54:47,320
system the hvac system isn't only gonna
47402
05:54:48,400 --> 05:54:49,400
keep things
47403
05:54:49,680 --> 05:54:50,680
cool and keep things humid to an extent
47404
05:54:52,080 --> 05:54:53,080
but they're also going to remove
47405
05:54:53,120 --> 05:54:54,120
contaminants from the air which is good
47406
05:54:54,960 --> 05:54:55,960
for your own safety for dealing with a
47407
05:54:56,480 --> 05:54:57,480
lot of electronics a lot of computers
47408
05:54:57,912 --> 05:54:58,912
it's blowing a lot of dust in and around
47409
05:54:59,912 --> 05:55:00,912
the air that can get into our lungs so
47410
05:55:02,080 --> 05:55:03,080
we need to make sure we replace filters
47411
05:55:04,400 --> 05:55:05,400
in the hvac system frequently of course
47412
05:55:06,640 --> 05:55:07,640
there are some newer ultraviolet filters
47413
05:55:09,280 --> 05:55:10,280
uh that use lights as opposed to sort of
47414
05:55:12,480 --> 05:55:13,480
um uh like a filter that's going to
47415
05:55:14,720 --> 05:55:15,720
catch particles and those of course need
47416
05:55:17,040 --> 05:55:18,040
their own
47417
05:55:19,592 --> 05:55:20,592
replacement and upkeep
47418
05:55:21,680 --> 05:55:22,680
but it's slightly different so those are
47419
05:55:23,440 --> 05:55:24,440
sort of the new it thing to do
47420
05:55:26,000 --> 05:55:27,000
electromagnetic interference if you
47421
05:55:27,832 --> 05:55:28,832
remember was unwanted disturbance
47422
05:55:30,000 --> 05:55:31,000
affecting electrical circuits and it can
47423
05:55:31,912 --> 05:55:32,912
also cause
47424
05:55:33,120 --> 05:55:34,120
network interference and electrical
47425
05:55:35,040 --> 05:55:36,040
interference and so electromagnetic
47426
05:55:36,960 --> 05:55:37,960
interference we want to be aware aware
47427
05:55:38,480 --> 05:55:39,480
of when we're setting up and installing
47428
05:55:41,280 --> 05:55:42,280
cables and
47429
05:55:43,592 --> 05:55:44,592
electrical
47430
05:55:44,872 --> 05:55:45,872
devices so we want to keep cables and
47431
05:55:47,040 --> 05:55:48,040
other large things away from each other
47432
05:55:49,192 --> 05:55:50,192
we want to keep our cables away from
47433
05:55:51,120 --> 05:55:52,120
electrical in
47434
05:55:52,320 --> 05:55:53,320
electrical sources junction boxes and
47435
05:55:54,720 --> 05:55:55,720
just about anything magnetic as well if
47436
05:55:56,872 --> 05:55:57,872
you have a large magnet for instance a
47437
05:55:59,120 --> 05:56:00,120
very large powerful magnet you
47438
05:56:00,552 --> 05:56:01,552
definitely want to keep that away from
47439
05:56:03,192 --> 05:56:04,192
other uh from your electrical devices
47440
05:56:05,120 --> 05:56:06,120
away from your laptop away from your
47441
05:56:06,480 --> 05:56:07,480
mobile devices etc uh radio frequency
47442
05:56:09,360 --> 05:56:10,360
and interference or rfi is slightly
47443
05:56:12,320 --> 05:56:13,320
different this is basically caused by
47444
05:56:14,400 --> 05:56:15,400
cordless phones microwaves and so on
47445
05:56:16,232 --> 05:56:17,232
that use the same 2.4 gigahertz
47446
05:56:18,480 --> 05:56:19,480
frequency range that 802.11 bg and n use
47447
05:56:21,912 --> 05:56:22,912
don't forget and also uses five
47448
05:56:24,320 --> 05:56:25,320
gigahertz as does a um but they're still
47449
05:56:28,400 --> 05:56:29,400
on 2.4 and that can still cause
47450
05:56:30,000 --> 05:56:31,000
interference so we want to make sure
47451
05:56:31,280 --> 05:56:32,280
that we don't put our wireless access
47452
05:56:33,360 --> 05:56:34,360
points near cordless phones microwaves
47453
05:56:35,360 --> 05:56:36,360
and so on and that we keep those out of
47454
05:56:37,360 --> 05:56:38,360
the line of area where we're going to be
47455
05:56:39,592 --> 05:56:40,592
working a lot of the time so be aware of
47456
05:56:41,680 --> 05:56:42,680
this when you're installing wi-fi
47457
05:56:43,040 --> 05:56:44,040
networks especially
47458
05:56:45,680 --> 05:56:46,680
we also need to talk about something
47459
05:56:46,872 --> 05:56:47,872
called the material data sorry material
47460
05:56:49,280 --> 05:56:50,280
safety data sheet this is going to come
47461
05:56:51,680 --> 05:56:52,680
with
47462
05:56:52,480 --> 05:56:53,480
any product that uses chemicals so any
47463
05:56:54,800 --> 05:56:55,800
product that has chemicals in it whether
47464
05:56:56,400 --> 05:56:57,400
that's ink uh toner batteries etc it's
47465
05:56:59,760 --> 05:57:00,760
gonna come with an msds this also
47466
05:57:01,680 --> 05:57:02,680
doesn't it's not just for computers it's
47467
05:57:03,512 --> 05:57:04,512
really anything in the in you know that
47468
05:57:06,232 --> 05:57:07,232
that is produced that could have some
47469
05:57:08,400 --> 05:57:09,400
sort of
47470
05:57:10,320 --> 05:57:11,320
safety issue has to come with this and
47471
05:57:12,480 --> 05:57:13,480
this identifies not only the chemical
47472
05:57:14,160 --> 05:57:15,160
substance that are inside of it it's
47473
05:57:15,760 --> 05:57:16,760
also going to tell you hazards that
47474
05:57:17,120 --> 05:57:18,120
those chemical substances can have
47475
05:57:18,960 --> 05:57:19,960
handling and storage of this of the
47476
05:57:21,120 --> 05:57:22,120
device including how to get rid of it
47477
05:57:23,192 --> 05:57:24,192
which we'll talk in a minute and what to
47478
05:57:24,872 --> 05:57:25,872
call in case an emergency if you call
47479
05:57:27,120 --> 05:57:28,120
for instance the poison control center
47480
05:57:29,440 --> 05:57:30,440
which would be
47481
05:57:31,512 --> 05:57:32,512
who you would call in case for instance
47482
05:57:33,512 --> 05:57:34,512
you had a dog or a child eat some toner
47483
05:57:36,320 --> 05:57:37,320
they're going to want to know exactly
47484
05:57:37,832 --> 05:57:38,832
what's in that toner and that's why
47485
05:57:39,192 --> 05:57:40,192
you're going to need this msds so it's
47486
05:57:40,960 --> 05:57:41,960
really important to have this at hand if
47487
05:57:43,280 --> 05:57:44,280
you don't have one you can generally
47488
05:57:44,720 --> 05:57:45,720
find them online just google search or
47489
05:57:46,960 --> 05:57:47,960
go to the manufacturer's website and
47490
05:57:48,800 --> 05:57:49,800
they'll be able to give you the same
47491
05:57:49,912 --> 05:57:50,912
information that an msds will
47492
05:57:52,872 --> 05:57:53,872
finally i just want to talk briefly
47493
05:57:54,232 --> 05:57:55,232
about disposal we've talked about that
47494
05:57:55,680 --> 05:57:56,680
when we talked about batteries and toner
47495
05:57:57,512 --> 05:57:58,512
but batteries and toner cartridges
47496
05:57:59,120 --> 05:58:00,120
should not be thrown away with normal
47497
05:58:00,552 --> 05:58:01,552
trash they have stuff in them that can
47498
05:58:02,552 --> 05:58:03,552
be damaging not only to the environment
47499
05:58:04,160 --> 05:58:05,160
but to other people and animals and so
47500
05:58:05,912 --> 05:58:06,912
we need to make sure to dispose of them
47501
05:58:07,280 --> 05:58:08,280
properly check your local municipal or
47502
05:58:09,280 --> 05:58:10,280
epa guidelines for drop off areas
47503
05:58:11,760 --> 05:58:12,760
locations and proper techniques to
47504
05:58:13,592 --> 05:58:14,592
getting rid of this stuff again this is
47505
05:58:15,680 --> 05:58:16,680
really really important you no one's
47506
05:58:17,680 --> 05:58:18,680
really going to follow up on this
47507
05:58:18,960 --> 05:58:19,960
sometimes larger companies will get
47508
05:58:20,640 --> 05:58:21,640
fined if they're discovered but you need
47509
05:58:22,872 --> 05:58:23,872
to do this not only for yourself but
47510
05:58:24,480 --> 05:58:25,480
also for our environment for our world
47511
05:58:26,480 --> 05:58:27,480
and for all the people who are living in
47512
05:58:28,232 --> 05:58:29,232
it
47513
05:58:29,592 --> 05:58:30,592
all right so now we've talked about
47514
05:58:31,440 --> 05:58:32,440
physical safety we looked at securing uh
47515
05:58:34,480 --> 05:58:35,480
cables and again a lot of these physical
47516
05:58:36,232 --> 05:58:37,232
safety things are going to be osha
47517
05:58:39,360 --> 05:58:40,360
standard
47518
05:58:40,400 --> 05:58:41,400
we looked at heavy items specifically
47519
05:58:42,320 --> 05:58:43,320
lifting those heavy items
47520
05:58:44,400 --> 05:58:45,400
from the legs not the back we also
47521
05:58:47,040 --> 05:58:48,040
talked about hot components we want to
47522
05:58:49,192 --> 05:58:50,192
wait a good deal of time for things to
47523
05:58:51,912 --> 05:58:52,912
cool off before we open them ergonomics
47524
05:58:55,512 --> 05:58:56,512
this is eyesight
47525
05:58:57,760 --> 05:58:58,760
wrist strain and so on
47526
05:59:00,400 --> 05:59:01,400
we also talked about environmental
47527
05:59:02,160 --> 05:59:03,160
controls including air quality remember
47528
05:59:05,040 --> 05:59:06,040
we want a good deal of uh
47529
05:59:08,872 --> 05:59:09,872
humidity
47530
05:59:10,320 --> 05:59:11,320
we also need to keep things in a pretty
47531
05:59:12,320 --> 05:59:13,320
reasonable temperature between 20 and 25
47532
05:59:15,440 --> 05:59:16,440
or 26 degrees celsius we also talked
47533
05:59:18,640 --> 05:59:19,640
about electromagnetic interference which
47534
05:59:20,480 --> 05:59:21,480
can be caused
47535
05:59:22,000 --> 05:59:23,000
by anything creating a magnetic field
47536
05:59:24,872 --> 05:59:25,872
which could be electricity metal
47537
05:59:26,720 --> 05:59:27,720
anything and then radio frequency
47538
05:59:29,120 --> 05:59:30,120
interference which is generally that
47539
05:59:31,232 --> 05:59:32,232
4.2.4 gigahertz frequency it's going to
47540
05:59:34,480 --> 05:59:35,480
be really going to bother us when we're
47541
05:59:36,320 --> 05:59:37,320
talking about our wi-fi networks and can
47542
05:59:38,080 --> 05:59:39,080
be caused by anything including a
47543
05:59:39,440 --> 05:59:40,440
microwave or a cordless phone
47544
05:59:45,512 --> 05:59:46,512
finally we looked at msds the material
47545
05:59:47,760 --> 05:59:48,760
safety data sheet which is going to come
47546
05:59:49,440 --> 05:59:50,440
with any of any device or any substance
47547
05:59:53,280 --> 05:59:54,280
uh for with poison or with anything that
47548
05:59:56,480 --> 05:59:57,480
could be toxic and so it tells us what
47549
05:59:58,800 --> 05:59:59,800
is in it and how to dispose of it and
47550
06:00:00,960 --> 06:00:01,960
speaking of disposal we talked about
47551
06:00:02,960 --> 06:00:03,960
checking with your local municipal
47552
06:00:04,640 --> 06:00:05,640
guidelines um on how to uh dispose and
47553
06:00:08,960 --> 06:00:09,960
recycle of say
47554
06:00:10,720 --> 06:00:11,720
batteries and also toner and anything
47555
06:00:13,592 --> 06:00:14,592
else that might have some sort of
47556
06:00:15,280 --> 06:00:16,280
chemicals in it
47557
06:00:16,960 --> 06:00:17,960
all right so uh we're nearing the end
47558
06:00:18,800 --> 06:00:19,800
here let's finish up this chat by
47559
06:00:20,552 --> 06:00:21,552
talking about how you're going to act
47560
06:00:22,872 --> 06:00:23,872
personally as a technician and sort of
47561
06:00:25,440 --> 06:00:26,440
the things a plus wants you to know all
47562
06:00:27,040 --> 06:00:28,040
this by the way you will be questioned
47563
06:00:28,552 --> 06:00:29,552
on on the exam
47564
06:00:34,420 --> 06:00:35,420
[Music]
47565
06:00:54,232 --> 06:00:55,232
technician professionalism customer
47566
06:00:57,040 --> 06:00:58,040
relations
47567
06:00:58,872 --> 06:00:59,872
so let's close up this entire a plus
47568
06:01:02,400 --> 06:01:03,400
course marathon by talking about some uh
47569
06:01:05,832 --> 06:01:06,832
ways of dealing with customers that a
47570
06:01:08,000 --> 06:01:09,000
plus wants you to know
47571
06:01:09,832 --> 06:01:10,832
now some of this might be common sense
47572
06:01:11,592 --> 06:01:12,592
but i'm going to go over it anyway
47573
06:01:12,720 --> 06:01:13,720
because there are a lot of questions
47574
06:01:14,000 --> 06:01:15,000
you'll see on the test that ask you
47575
06:01:15,680 --> 06:01:16,680
stuff that's not even related to a
47576
06:01:17,280 --> 06:01:18,280
computer it's related to how you deal
47577
06:01:18,872 --> 06:01:19,872
with people while you're fixing a
47578
06:01:20,640 --> 06:01:21,640
computer
47579
06:01:21,680 --> 06:01:22,680
so we're going to talk about first
47580
06:01:23,592 --> 06:01:24,592
response what happens when you first
47581
06:01:25,360 --> 06:01:26,360
arrive at the scene and then we're going
47582
06:01:27,120 --> 06:01:28,120
to talk about the chain of custody both
47583
06:01:29,360 --> 06:01:30,360
of these really have to do with security
47584
06:01:31,680 --> 06:01:32,680
and in some cases litigation or going to
47585
06:01:34,480 --> 06:01:35,480
court
47586
06:01:35,360 --> 06:01:36,360
that's because a lot of times we have
47587
06:01:37,440 --> 06:01:38,440
people who are doing forensics
47588
06:01:38,872 --> 06:01:39,872
investigations and these two things how
47589
06:01:41,192 --> 06:01:42,192
you first respond and the chain of
47590
06:01:43,120 --> 06:01:44,120
custody can actually have quite a big
47591
06:01:44,872 --> 06:01:45,872
result on what happens when they finally
47592
06:01:47,040 --> 06:01:48,040
get to court let's say this is someone
47593
06:01:48,640 --> 06:01:49,640
who's been using their computer for bad
47594
06:01:50,320 --> 06:01:51,320
instances or
47595
06:01:52,160 --> 06:01:53,160
when the when the computer is finally
47596
06:01:54,552 --> 06:01:55,552
fixed what if the user
47597
06:01:56,552 --> 06:01:57,552
says that the first technician you did
47598
06:01:58,320 --> 06:01:59,320
something wrong so that's why this is
47599
06:02:00,000 --> 06:02:01,000
really important these first two and
47600
06:02:01,832 --> 06:02:02,832
we're going to talk about some qualities
47601
06:02:04,080 --> 06:02:05,080
that you should have and you should
47602
06:02:05,280 --> 06:02:06,280
present such as punctuality listening
47603
06:02:08,800 --> 06:02:09,800
uh clarifying the problem
47604
06:02:11,912 --> 06:02:12,912
positivity always important in just
47605
06:02:13,832 --> 06:02:14,832
about any field
47606
06:02:15,440 --> 06:02:16,440
speaking clearly and lucidly
47607
06:02:18,800 --> 06:02:19,800
and setting expectations that are
47608
06:02:21,120 --> 06:02:22,120
realistic
47609
06:02:22,720 --> 06:02:23,720
also distractions and how you should
47610
06:02:24,720 --> 06:02:25,720
keep away from distractions and keep
47611
06:02:26,320 --> 06:02:27,320
everything focused on the customer
47612
06:02:28,552 --> 06:02:29,552
we also want to talk about
47613
06:02:29,680 --> 06:02:30,680
confidentiality you'll see a couple a
47614
06:02:31,592 --> 06:02:32,592
couple issues on the test we'll come up
47615
06:02:33,040 --> 06:02:34,040
about this what do you do when you come
47616
06:02:34,552 --> 06:02:35,552
across something that's not your
47617
06:02:36,552 --> 06:02:37,552
information either at a person's house
47618
06:02:38,800 --> 06:02:39,800
or at a location or even perhaps at a
47619
06:02:41,440 --> 06:02:42,440
certain desk like the accounting desk
47620
06:02:43,280 --> 06:02:44,280
that deals with other people's finances
47621
06:02:46,000 --> 06:02:47,000
finally we want to deal with
47622
06:02:46,960 --> 06:02:47,960
professionalism which really everything
47623
06:02:48,960 --> 06:02:49,960
here deals with but just sort of close
47624
06:02:51,120 --> 06:02:52,120
things up looking at professionalism all
47625
06:02:53,440 --> 06:02:54,440
right so first first response this is
47626
06:02:56,320 --> 06:02:57,320
identifying exactly what happened and
47627
06:02:58,800 --> 06:02:59,800
recognizing whether it's simple or major
47628
06:03:00,960 --> 06:03:01,960
if it's major then it's probably going
47629
06:03:02,552 --> 06:03:03,552
to require some form of escalation
47630
06:03:04,320 --> 06:03:05,320
meaning that you have to move it up in
47631
06:03:06,000 --> 06:03:07,000
the chain of command to someone who's a
47632
06:03:07,592 --> 06:03:08,592
little higher than you
47633
06:03:09,912 --> 06:03:10,912
the important thing here is to identify
47634
06:03:12,400 --> 06:03:13,400
exactly what's going on and to try to
47635
06:03:14,160 --> 06:03:15,160
capture as much information at first
47636
06:03:16,720 --> 06:03:17,720
before you start working on something
47637
06:03:18,552 --> 06:03:19,552
don't forget if i show up at the place
47638
06:03:20,720 --> 06:03:21,720
and everything's working fine and then i
47639
06:03:22,232 --> 06:03:23,232
start working and 10 things wrong start
47640
06:03:24,480 --> 06:03:25,480
going on i'm going to be in trouble so
47641
06:03:26,400 --> 06:03:27,400
sometimes what we want to do is back
47642
06:03:27,832 --> 06:03:28,832
everything up check out figure out
47643
06:03:29,760 --> 06:03:30,760
exactly what happened which is what
47644
06:03:31,120 --> 06:03:32,120
we'll be talking about
47645
06:03:32,640 --> 06:03:33,640
next we've got to talk about something
47646
06:03:34,000 --> 06:03:35,000
called chain of custody chain of custody
47647
06:03:36,640 --> 06:03:37,640
is actually more about documentation
47648
06:03:38,552 --> 06:03:39,552
it's a chronological paper trail of
47649
06:03:41,040 --> 06:03:42,040
evidence from beginning to end meaning
47650
06:03:43,680 --> 06:03:44,680
from the moment i arrive at the computer
47651
06:03:45,592 --> 06:03:46,592
to the minute that it goes to say court
47652
06:03:48,232 --> 06:03:49,232
we need to have a chain of custody so
47653
06:03:49,760 --> 06:03:50,760
everyone knows who touched everything
47654
06:03:51,680 --> 06:03:52,680
and then we can determine and verify
47655
06:03:53,832 --> 06:03:54,832
that nothing has been changed along the
47656
06:03:55,680 --> 06:03:56,680
way now we'll deal more with this when
47657
06:03:57,360 --> 06:03:58,360
we get into security plus uh because it
47658
06:03:59,512 --> 06:04:00,512
really is having to do with a lot of
47659
06:04:00,872 --> 06:04:01,872
forensics and security but it's
47660
06:04:02,640 --> 06:04:03,640
important again that you never want to
47661
06:04:04,960 --> 06:04:05,960
change anything uh when you get to the
47662
06:04:07,832 --> 06:04:08,832
at first especially if this is an
47663
06:04:09,280 --> 06:04:10,280
investigation you also want to document
47664
06:04:11,512 --> 06:04:12,512
everything that happens so that way when
47665
06:04:13,280 --> 06:04:14,280
it moves on to escalation everything
47666
06:04:15,040 --> 06:04:16,040
you've done has been documented and
47667
06:04:16,400 --> 06:04:17,400
there won't be any surprises if there
47668
06:04:18,080 --> 06:04:19,080
are surprises that could lead to
47669
06:04:19,440 --> 06:04:20,440
problems for you and perhaps even for
47670
06:04:21,192 --> 06:04:22,192
your organization this verifies that
47671
06:04:23,512 --> 06:04:24,512
evidence in the case of a court case has
47672
06:04:25,760 --> 06:04:26,760
not been modified which is really the
47673
06:04:27,512 --> 06:04:28,512
importance of chain of custody it's
47674
06:04:29,592 --> 06:04:30,592
especially necessary in forensic
47675
06:04:31,832 --> 06:04:32,832
instances for instance forensic
47676
06:04:33,720 --> 06:04:34,720
investigations cyber crime and so on
47677
06:04:37,192 --> 06:04:38,192
now let's talk about punctuality
47678
06:04:38,872 --> 06:04:39,872
punctuality of course being timeliness
47679
06:04:40,552 --> 06:04:41,552
how on time you are we always want to be
47680
06:04:42,640 --> 06:04:43,640
on time and i've seen questions on the
47681
06:04:44,232 --> 06:04:45,232
exam that ask uh what happens if you're
47682
06:04:46,320 --> 06:04:47,320
running late you're at another client
47683
06:04:48,400 --> 06:04:49,400
and you're running late because it's
47684
06:04:49,760 --> 06:04:50,760
just taking longer to fix which happens
47685
06:04:51,512 --> 06:04:52,512
i mean we all expect this but you also
47686
06:04:53,120 --> 06:04:54,120
probably have another client after when
47687
06:04:54,640 --> 06:04:55,640
you're scheduled well in this case if
47688
06:04:56,160 --> 06:04:57,160
you're running late you want to contact
47689
06:04:58,232 --> 06:04:59,232
the customer apologize let them know
47690
06:05:00,552 --> 06:05:01,552
you're running late and perhaps even
47691
06:05:02,552 --> 06:05:03,552
offer to reschedule the appointment for
47692
06:05:04,872 --> 06:05:05,872
another time when they'll be available
47693
06:05:06,552 --> 06:05:07,552
they won't be happy about you
47694
06:05:07,912 --> 06:05:08,912
rescheduling but i guarantee they'll be
47695
06:05:09,680 --> 06:05:10,680
more unhappy if you don't let them know
47696
06:05:12,000 --> 06:05:13,000
that you're not going to be running late
47697
06:05:13,680 --> 06:05:14,680
so it's always important again these are
47698
06:05:15,280 --> 06:05:16,280
all going to come back to communication
47699
06:05:16,800 --> 06:05:17,800
communicate communicate communicate over
47700
06:05:18,960 --> 06:05:19,960
communicate if necessary we also want to
47701
06:05:21,592 --> 06:05:22,592
listen it's very important to listen not
47702
06:05:24,232 --> 06:05:25,232
interrupt the customer even if the
47703
06:05:25,832 --> 06:05:26,832
information they're telling you isn't
47704
06:05:27,440 --> 06:05:28,440
necessary let them finish their
47705
06:05:29,360 --> 06:05:30,360
explanation for all you know they're
47706
06:05:31,040 --> 06:05:32,040
going to say something that you wouldn't
47707
06:05:32,800 --> 06:05:33,800
even have thought to have asked and that
47708
06:05:35,360 --> 06:05:36,360
can be the key to figuring out the
47709
06:05:37,120 --> 06:05:38,120
problem the other thing is it's rude to
47710
06:05:39,192 --> 06:05:40,192
cut them off and it makes them feel like
47711
06:05:40,800 --> 06:05:41,800
you don't respect what they have to say
47712
06:05:43,120 --> 06:05:44,120
after all they are the experts on their
47713
06:05:45,440 --> 06:05:46,440
computer in it to an extent because
47714
06:05:47,280 --> 06:05:48,280
they're the ones who work on it the most
47715
06:05:48,720 --> 06:05:49,720
so they know what changes have been made
47716
06:05:50,640 --> 06:05:51,640
and they know what they've been doing on
47717
06:05:52,320 --> 06:05:53,320
it and when the problem occurred some of
47718
06:05:54,320 --> 06:05:55,320
these things you just can't get from
47719
06:05:55,912 --> 06:05:56,912
reading through logs into the event
47720
06:05:57,440 --> 06:05:58,440
viewer you have to listen to the client
47721
06:05:59,440 --> 06:06:00,440
first
47722
06:06:00,960 --> 06:06:01,960
but we also need to clarify the problem
47723
06:06:02,720 --> 06:06:03,720
so once we've listened we need to
47724
06:06:04,320 --> 06:06:05,320
clarify exactly what the issue is and
47725
06:06:06,552 --> 06:06:07,552
that's going to be asking open-ended
47726
06:06:08,480 --> 06:06:09,480
questions now notice here i said don't
47727
06:06:10,480 --> 06:06:11,480
ask yes or no questions you can do that
47728
06:06:13,192 --> 06:06:14,192
later on but these are what we call
47729
06:06:15,232 --> 06:06:16,232
close-ended questions and the problem
47730
06:06:17,360 --> 06:06:18,360
with closed-ended questions is they are
47731
06:06:19,120 --> 06:06:20,120
also what we call leading questions they
47732
06:06:21,680 --> 06:06:22,680
lead someone to go to the uh answer that
47733
06:06:24,640 --> 06:06:25,640
you are looking for so for instance if i
47734
06:06:26,960 --> 06:06:27,960
say hey that this this you might you
47735
06:06:29,120 --> 06:06:30,120
have a virus yes and they say yes well
47736
06:06:31,592 --> 06:06:32,592
maybe they don't have a virus but
47737
06:06:32,960 --> 06:06:33,960
they're just saying that because i've
47738
06:06:34,320 --> 06:06:35,320
led them to that what i really want to
47739
06:06:36,080 --> 06:06:37,080
do is ask them what's going on with the
47740
06:06:37,760 --> 06:06:38,760
computer uh
47741
06:06:39,592 --> 06:06:40,592
what happened as opposed to did you
47742
06:06:41,440 --> 06:06:42,440
uninstall this program so if you say
47743
06:06:43,680 --> 06:06:44,680
what happened and they say oh i
47744
06:06:45,280 --> 06:06:46,280
uninstalled this program well then
47745
06:06:47,592 --> 06:06:48,592
that's probably a better indication that
47746
06:06:49,440 --> 06:06:50,440
that's the actual issue rather than
47747
06:06:52,160 --> 06:06:53,160
telling asking what happened now
47748
06:06:53,512 --> 06:06:54,512
sometimes they won't be as open uh with
47749
06:06:56,400 --> 06:06:57,400
what they did especially if it's
47750
06:06:57,592 --> 06:06:58,592
something that goes against business
47751
06:06:58,800 --> 06:06:59,800
policy and so sometimes you really have
47752
06:07:00,640 --> 06:07:01,640
to dig a bit but it's important to be
47753
06:07:02,720 --> 06:07:03,720
polite when you're doing that and to
47754
06:07:04,160 --> 06:07:05,160
clarify using open-ended questions
47755
06:07:06,872 --> 06:07:07,872
you also want to do this to narrow down
47756
06:07:08,640 --> 06:07:09,640
the scope of the problem again we have
47757
06:07:10,480 --> 06:07:11,480
to figure out exactly where in the
47758
06:07:12,232 --> 06:07:13,232
computer and the network and anything
47759
06:07:14,160 --> 06:07:15,160
the problem is occurring and so the
47760
06:07:15,912 --> 06:07:16,912
easiest way to troubleshoot is to narrow
47761
06:07:17,592 --> 06:07:18,592
down the problem into the smallest
47762
06:07:19,192 --> 06:07:20,192
possible thing before you start fixing
47763
06:07:21,360 --> 06:07:22,360
that thing otherwise you're going to be
47764
06:07:23,280 --> 06:07:24,280
running up the wrong pole
47765
06:07:25,280 --> 06:07:26,280
you also want to repeat repeat excuse me
47766
06:07:27,832 --> 06:07:28,832
and restate the problem to the user this
47767
06:07:30,800 --> 06:07:31,800
is actually a great active listening
47768
06:07:32,320 --> 06:07:33,320
technique it's called active listening
47769
06:07:33,832 --> 06:07:34,832
and i'll put that up there because what
47770
06:07:35,280 --> 06:07:36,280
you're really doing is you are repeating
47771
06:07:38,552 --> 06:07:39,552
to verify that you have heard what they
47772
06:07:40,800 --> 06:07:41,800
said and you're restating it in your own
47773
06:07:43,120 --> 06:07:44,120
words so that they understand
47774
06:07:45,360 --> 06:07:46,360
that you understand the problem so
47775
06:07:47,832 --> 06:07:48,832
restating it is really key there not
47776
06:07:49,912 --> 06:07:50,912
just repeating you never want to make
47777
06:07:52,232 --> 06:07:53,232
the user feel like they're at fault
47778
06:07:53,680 --> 06:07:54,680
either this is important oh so you
47779
06:07:56,080 --> 06:07:57,080
uninstalled this and that's when it
47780
06:07:57,440 --> 06:07:58,440
happened huh
47781
06:07:58,800 --> 06:07:59,800
you don't want to do that oh yeah well
47782
06:08:00,640 --> 06:08:01,640
this happens to a lot of people we've
47783
06:08:02,000 --> 06:08:03,000
been seeing this a lot in the field
47784
06:08:03,592 --> 06:08:04,592
people install uninstall this and then
47785
06:08:05,912 --> 06:08:06,912
it has a problem must be a bug with the
47786
06:08:07,912 --> 06:08:08,912
software that's a better way to go about
47787
06:08:10,000 --> 06:08:11,000
it than to accuse someone you want to
47788
06:08:11,832 --> 06:08:12,832
make them feel good feel like they
47789
06:08:13,440 --> 06:08:14,440
didn't have anything to do with the
47790
06:08:15,120 --> 06:08:16,120
problem of course you may need to
47791
06:08:16,720 --> 06:08:17,720
educate them at the end once you fix it
47792
06:08:18,800 --> 06:08:19,800
but their immediate concern is the fact
47793
06:08:20,400 --> 06:08:21,400
that their computer is not working
47794
06:08:21,832 --> 06:08:22,832
properly or that their system is not
47795
06:08:23,512 --> 06:08:24,512
working properly and therefore your
47796
06:08:25,280 --> 06:08:26,280
immediate concern is fixing the problem
47797
06:08:27,040 --> 06:08:28,040
not making them feel bad
47798
06:08:29,360 --> 06:08:30,360
we also in that vein want to keep
47799
06:08:31,680 --> 06:08:32,680
positive and so positivity is very
47800
06:08:33,440 --> 06:08:34,440
important sometimes problems that appear
47801
06:08:36,000 --> 06:08:37,000
to be terrible have easy solutions
47802
06:08:38,960 --> 06:08:39,960
sometimes what you think is a major flub
47803
06:08:41,120 --> 06:08:42,120
up is actually just a checkbox someplace
47804
06:08:43,512 --> 06:08:44,512
and so it's important before you start
47805
06:08:45,440 --> 06:08:46,440
freaking out and getting negative that
47806
06:08:47,512 --> 06:08:48,512
you stay positive and think that you can
47807
06:08:49,680 --> 06:08:50,680
fix the issue in fact there's always a
47808
06:08:52,000 --> 06:08:53,000
solution although it might not be what
47809
06:08:53,680 --> 06:08:54,680
the customer wants so be calm be
47810
06:08:56,080 --> 06:08:57,080
positive and know that as you are a
47811
06:08:58,552 --> 06:08:59,552
professional who is certified and who's
47812
06:09:00,640 --> 06:09:01,640
been doing this that you're going to get
47813
06:09:02,320 --> 06:09:03,320
to the bottom of the problem it might
47814
06:09:04,160 --> 06:09:05,160
take a little bit of time it might take
47815
06:09:06,160 --> 06:09:07,160
a little bit of work but you know what
47816
06:09:07,832 --> 06:09:08,832
you're going to figure out a way to get
47817
06:09:08,960 --> 06:09:09,960
them back up and running even if it's
47818
06:09:10,800 --> 06:09:11,800
not perfect they'll be glad that they
47819
06:09:12,640 --> 06:09:13,640
can do something remember you know more
47820
06:09:14,720 --> 06:09:15,720
than they do so there's no so if you
47821
06:09:16,872 --> 06:09:17,872
start acting uh negative and upset and
47822
06:09:19,760 --> 06:09:20,760
freaking out then they're going to start
47823
06:09:21,360 --> 06:09:22,360
acting negative upset and freaking out
47824
06:09:23,192 --> 06:09:24,192
and what we never want is for the
47825
06:09:24,480 --> 06:09:25,480
customer or the client to feel that way
47826
06:09:27,120 --> 06:09:28,120
we also want to be realistic in how
47827
06:09:29,912 --> 06:09:30,912
positive we are we don't want to say for
47828
06:09:32,160 --> 06:09:33,160
instance and i've seen stuff like this
47829
06:09:33,512 --> 06:09:34,512
on the exam oh
47830
06:09:35,192 --> 06:09:36,192
someone lost their paper because they
47831
06:09:36,800 --> 06:09:37,800
didn't back it up and you say no problem
47832
06:09:38,552 --> 06:09:39,552
i'll definitely have this done for you
47833
06:09:40,160 --> 06:09:41,160
by the time the paper is due well that's
47834
06:09:42,960 --> 06:09:43,960
not realistic in your expectations
47835
06:09:46,480 --> 06:09:47,480
and we'll talk about that in a minute
47836
06:09:48,720 --> 06:09:49,720
we also need to speak clearly and i
47837
06:09:50,640 --> 06:09:51,640
don't just mean physically enunciating
47838
06:09:53,120 --> 06:09:54,120
and slowly
47839
06:09:54,400 --> 06:09:55,400
i also mean maintaining enthusiasm while
47840
06:09:56,960 --> 06:09:57,960
you speak and also avoiding jargon and
47841
06:10:00,000 --> 06:10:01,000
acronyms things that they're not going
47842
06:10:01,512 --> 06:10:02,512
to understand so i don't just mean clear
47843
06:10:03,832 --> 06:10:04,832
speech and enunciation i mean clear
47844
06:10:06,320 --> 06:10:07,320
speech in how
47845
06:10:08,400 --> 06:10:09,400
uh you talk to them
47846
06:10:10,480 --> 06:10:11,480
are you using a lot of
47847
06:10:12,552 --> 06:10:13,552
a lot of
47848
06:10:13,592 --> 06:10:14,592
a technical speak or mumbo jumbo that
47849
06:10:15,592 --> 06:10:16,592
they don't understand that's going to
47850
06:10:16,720 --> 06:10:17,720
confuse them and frankly it's going to
47851
06:10:18,320 --> 06:10:19,320
scare them one trick here is to use
47852
06:10:21,040 --> 06:10:22,040
metaphors and analogies if necessary
47853
06:10:23,360 --> 06:10:24,360
just like at the very beginning of this
47854
06:10:24,640 --> 06:10:25,640
course we use the metaphor of the human
47855
06:10:26,552 --> 06:10:27,552
body in order to explain computers to
47856
06:10:28,872 --> 06:10:29,872
them like the spinal cord etc well what
47857
06:10:31,280 --> 06:10:32,280
we want to do is use metaphors in order
47858
06:10:33,440 --> 06:10:34,440
to explain what's happening to their
47859
06:10:35,120 --> 06:10:36,120
computer if they understand what's going
47860
06:10:37,440 --> 06:10:38,440
on with this very important tool in
47861
06:10:39,280 --> 06:10:40,280
their life and how you're going about
47862
06:10:40,960 --> 06:10:41,960
fixing it they will feel a lot better
47863
06:10:43,280 --> 06:10:44,280
about what you're doing and sometimes
47864
06:10:45,120 --> 06:10:46,120
they're also going to want to know how
47865
06:10:46,232 --> 06:10:47,232
to fix it for themselves in the future
47866
06:10:48,000 --> 06:10:49,000
which will mean less tedious work for
47867
06:10:50,160 --> 06:10:51,160
you
47868
06:10:51,760 --> 06:10:52,760
so let's talk about expectations i
47869
06:10:53,440 --> 06:10:54,440
mentioned that just a minute ago when
47870
06:10:55,360 --> 06:10:56,360
you have a clear idea of the problem
47871
06:10:58,080 --> 06:10:59,080
and sometimes it's only a clear as mud
47872
06:10:59,760 --> 06:11:00,760
but when you have a clear idea is the
47873
06:11:01,040 --> 06:11:02,040
problem you want to provide them with a
47874
06:11:02,720 --> 06:11:03,720
realistic timeline and realistic
47875
06:11:04,640 --> 06:11:05,640
expectations as to what to expect now of
47876
06:11:06,960 --> 06:11:07,960
course sometimes timelines change and
47877
06:11:09,440 --> 06:11:10,440
sometimes things happen that you have no
47878
06:11:11,360 --> 06:11:12,360
control over or the problem gets deeper
47879
06:11:13,440 --> 06:11:14,440
and deeper and you didn't realize it was
47880
06:11:14,872 --> 06:11:15,872
going to take you this long in that case
47881
06:11:16,640 --> 06:11:17,640
you want to stay in contact with them
47882
06:11:18,320 --> 06:11:19,320
give them updates at intervals and offer
47883
06:11:20,400 --> 06:11:21,400
different options if necessary perhaps
47884
06:11:22,640 --> 06:11:23,640
the first thing you thought isn't going
47885
06:11:24,080 --> 06:11:25,080
to fix it perhaps your original estimate
47886
06:11:26,000 --> 06:11:27,000
was not necessary uh was not necessarily
47887
06:11:28,480 --> 06:11:29,480
on point in this case you need to be
47888
06:11:30,160 --> 06:11:31,160
open and forward with them and tell them
47889
06:11:31,912 --> 06:11:32,912
what they should expect they're counting
47890
06:11:34,000 --> 06:11:35,000
on this computer to get
47891
06:11:35,760 --> 06:11:36,760
you know to make stuff happen and uh you
47892
06:11:38,400 --> 06:11:39,400
need to therefore be able to be counted
47893
06:11:41,192 --> 06:11:42,192
upon
47894
06:11:42,872 --> 06:11:43,872
you also want to file all company
47895
06:11:44,552 --> 06:11:45,552
policies and so if they want you to do
47896
06:11:47,192 --> 06:11:48,192
something like install a piece of
47897
06:11:48,720 --> 06:11:49,720
software that you're not supposed to or
47898
06:11:50,800 --> 06:11:51,800
something like that you need to set the
47899
06:11:52,640 --> 06:11:53,640
expectation that you'll do everything
47900
06:11:54,080 --> 06:11:55,080
within your power and that follows
47901
06:11:55,912 --> 06:11:56,912
company policies for you to fix their
47902
06:11:57,592 --> 06:11:58,592
problem never do anything illegal never
47903
06:11:59,592 --> 06:12:00,592
install any software that they can't
47904
06:12:01,280 --> 06:12:02,280
have and in any instance you need to
47905
06:12:03,360 --> 06:12:04,360
report uh you know any sort of problems
47906
06:12:06,720 --> 06:12:07,720
or things that are on the computer that
47907
06:12:08,480 --> 06:12:09,480
you shouldn't that shouldn't be there
47908
06:12:10,000 --> 06:12:11,000
you need to report that to your
47909
06:12:11,192 --> 06:12:12,192
management always take yourself out of
47910
06:12:13,280 --> 06:12:14,280
the equation unless you are the boss uh
47911
06:12:16,232 --> 06:12:17,232
make yourself what i like to call uh
47912
06:12:18,552 --> 06:12:19,552
above reproach meaning you don't want
47913
06:12:21,280 --> 06:12:22,280
anyone to approach you for something you
47914
06:12:22,872 --> 06:12:23,872
did follow all of your company
47915
06:12:24,720 --> 06:12:25,720
guidelines don't do anything illegal in
47916
06:12:26,872 --> 06:12:27,872
that way you will be above reproach and
47917
06:12:28,720 --> 06:12:29,720
if something happens you have nothing to
47918
06:12:30,160 --> 06:12:31,160
worry about
47919
06:12:32,480 --> 06:12:33,480
now it's also distractions occur because
47920
06:12:35,120 --> 06:12:36,120
we are in a digital world we have cell
47921
06:12:37,120 --> 06:12:38,120
phones and mobile phones we have email
47922
06:12:39,440 --> 06:12:40,440
we we have people contacting us
47923
06:12:41,512 --> 06:12:42,512
especially if we're really good and you
47924
06:12:43,192 --> 06:12:44,192
want to make your customer or your
47925
06:12:45,040 --> 06:12:46,040
client feel that they are your priority
47926
06:12:47,280 --> 06:12:48,280
not the other people calling you not
47927
06:12:48,960 --> 06:12:49,960
someone at home they are your priority
47928
06:12:51,280 --> 06:12:52,280
as a result you need to screen your
47929
06:12:53,592 --> 06:12:54,592
mobile calls and only answer ones that
47930
06:12:55,832 --> 06:12:56,832
are from your boss or perhaps from
47931
06:12:58,000 --> 06:12:59,000
another client the vast majority of them
47932
06:13:00,320 --> 06:13:01,320
you want to send to a voicemail you can
47933
06:13:02,160 --> 06:13:03,160
always listen to the voicemail and if
47934
06:13:03,440 --> 06:13:04,440
it's something urgent then respond of
47935
06:13:05,360 --> 06:13:06,360
course texting also makes this a lot
47936
06:13:07,120 --> 06:13:08,120
easier but you don't want to be texting
47937
06:13:08,552 --> 06:13:09,552
while you're fixing a computer if it is
47938
06:13:10,552 --> 06:13:11,552
another client what you probably want to
47939
06:13:12,160 --> 06:13:13,160
do is refer it to a manager or quickly
47940
06:13:14,320 --> 06:13:15,320
explain you're with another client
47941
06:13:15,440 --> 06:13:16,440
you'll call them when you're on a break
47942
06:13:17,040 --> 06:13:18,040
this is important because i see this
47943
06:13:18,480 --> 06:13:19,480
question pop up on the exam quite a bit
47944
06:13:22,160 --> 06:13:23,160
you do not talk to co-workers while
47945
06:13:24,720 --> 06:13:25,720
you're on
47946
06:13:25,680 --> 06:13:26,680
on a call this is really important when
47947
06:13:28,080 --> 06:13:29,080
i say on a call you're out of the client
47948
06:13:30,000 --> 06:13:31,000
i've seen this one pop-up co-worker
47949
06:13:31,832 --> 06:13:32,832
calls you about a work related issue
47950
06:13:34,080 --> 06:13:35,080
well generally speaking you're at work
47951
06:13:36,000 --> 06:13:37,000
and you don't want to deal with it again
47952
06:13:37,760 --> 06:13:38,760
use common sense when it comes to this
47953
06:13:39,512 --> 06:13:40,512
but in most instances your customer
47954
06:13:42,320 --> 06:13:43,320
needs to be your priority and if
47955
06:13:43,832 --> 06:13:44,832
anything ask them for permission to go
47956
06:13:46,232 --> 06:13:47,232
out and take a call however even asking
47957
06:13:48,000 --> 06:13:49,000
for permission might not be
47958
06:13:49,912 --> 06:13:50,912
uh appropriate because of course they're
47959
06:13:52,160 --> 06:13:53,160
gonna say yeah go ahead and take the
47960
06:13:53,512 --> 06:13:54,512
call but then they're gonna feel like
47961
06:13:54,872 --> 06:13:55,872
they're being slighted
47962
06:13:57,040 --> 06:13:58,040
now when it comes to confidentiality
47963
06:13:58,800 --> 06:13:59,800
you're probably going to see and know
47964
06:14:00,400 --> 06:14:01,400
things when you're working on someone's
47965
06:14:01,760 --> 06:14:02,760
computer
47966
06:14:03,280 --> 06:14:04,280
you don't want to see and know and so
47967
06:14:04,872 --> 06:14:05,872
the first thing you always want to do is
47968
06:14:07,680 --> 06:14:08,680
not to look or touch any confidential
47969
06:14:10,232 --> 06:14:11,232
information just
47970
06:14:12,872 --> 06:14:13,872
don't just try to stay away from it if
47971
06:14:15,192 --> 06:14:16,192
you can ask the customer to move
47972
06:14:17,120 --> 06:14:18,120
confidential items in the case of say
47973
06:14:19,280 --> 06:14:20,280
passwords sometimes they say oh give me
47974
06:14:21,440 --> 06:14:22,440
your password what i'll tell them is
47975
06:14:23,040 --> 06:14:24,040
change your password give me the new
47976
06:14:24,720 --> 06:14:25,720
password and then i'll use that or give
47977
06:14:26,800 --> 06:14:27,800
me your old password and then let's
47978
06:14:28,480 --> 06:14:29,480
change your password when i'm done i
47979
06:14:30,232 --> 06:14:31,232
don't want to know their password
47980
06:14:31,512 --> 06:14:32,512
remember a lot of people use the same
47981
06:14:33,832 --> 06:14:34,832
password for 10 different things correct
47982
06:14:36,320 --> 06:14:37,320
and if i'm using the same password for
47983
06:14:38,232 --> 06:14:39,232
my computer for my bank and my bank
47984
06:14:39,760 --> 06:14:40,760
attacked who's the person going to blame
47985
06:14:41,832 --> 06:14:42,832
you so make sure that you are uh
47986
06:14:45,360 --> 06:14:46,360
again keep yourself above reproach in
47987
06:14:47,192 --> 06:14:48,192
this instance also do not look at or
47988
06:14:49,512 --> 06:14:50,512
touch confidential materials if you come
47989
06:14:51,120 --> 06:14:52,120
upon say
47990
06:14:52,400 --> 06:14:53,400
pay rates in the accounting department
47991
06:14:55,440 --> 06:14:56,440
uh as someone printed it off you're
47992
06:14:56,872 --> 06:14:57,872
working on a printer just shred them
47993
06:14:58,552 --> 06:14:59,552
don't even notify anyone don't do
47994
06:15:00,232 --> 06:15:01,232
anything just get rid of this stuff
47995
06:15:02,080 --> 06:15:03,080
anything that's printed someone can
47996
06:15:03,512 --> 06:15:04,512
print off again and in most cases it's
47997
06:15:05,760 --> 06:15:06,760
better to destroy it or return it to the
47998
06:15:07,832 --> 06:15:08,832
individual rather than deal with it or
47999
06:15:10,000 --> 06:15:11,000
tell someone
48000
06:15:11,440 --> 06:15:12,440
you also do not want to do anything
48001
06:15:13,440 --> 06:15:14,440
illegal or that would break company
48002
06:15:14,960 --> 06:15:15,960
policy especially when it comes to
48003
06:15:16,400 --> 06:15:17,400
confidentiality even if you think you
48004
06:15:19,040 --> 06:15:20,040
know someone's going to get fired a
48005
06:15:20,320 --> 06:15:21,320
friend of yours for instance are laid
48006
06:15:21,832 --> 06:15:22,832
off you cannot tell them this is falling
48007
06:15:23,832 --> 06:15:24,832
under confidentiality and by telling
48008
06:15:25,912 --> 06:15:26,912
anyone something you're probably at risk
48009
06:15:27,360 --> 06:15:28,360
of losing your job not to mention
48010
06:15:29,192 --> 06:15:30,192
possible persecution for breaking laws
48011
06:15:32,552 --> 06:15:33,552
now we also need to talk about here
48012
06:15:34,400 --> 06:15:35,400
professionalism all this stuff is
48013
06:15:36,480 --> 06:15:37,480
professional right
48014
06:15:38,080 --> 06:15:39,080
and this is how we're going to close up
48015
06:15:39,440 --> 06:15:40,440
here customers can come from all walks
48016
06:15:42,080 --> 06:15:43,080
of life and you need to be patient with
48017
06:15:44,000 --> 06:15:45,000
them you need to be understanding
48018
06:15:45,280 --> 06:15:46,280
respectful they might not have like you
48019
06:15:47,760 --> 06:15:48,760
did perhaps be in this course they don't
48020
06:15:49,832 --> 06:15:50,832
have the understanding of computers you
48021
06:15:51,680 --> 06:15:52,680
do and so you need to take the extra
48022
06:15:53,120 --> 06:15:54,120
time to explain things to them you're in
48023
06:15:55,040 --> 06:15:56,040
a privileged position and they respect
48024
06:15:56,720 --> 06:15:57,720
you and the best thing you can do is
48025
06:15:58,320 --> 06:15:59,320
respect them we have an idea of the i.t
48026
06:16:00,480 --> 06:16:01,480
guys being rude and and
48027
06:16:02,872 --> 06:16:03,872
mean and i just think that that's wrong
48028
06:16:04,872 --> 06:16:05,872
uh we need to be above you know
48029
06:16:08,160 --> 06:16:09,160
nice and and considerate and fix their
48030
06:16:10,872 --> 06:16:11,872
issue but be ex you know set
48031
06:16:12,960 --> 06:16:13,960
expectations that are real and be on
48032
06:16:15,592 --> 06:16:16,592
them and be honest with them they're
48033
06:16:17,592 --> 06:16:18,592
humans and so are you
48034
06:16:19,912 --> 06:16:20,912
we also never argue with customers or
48035
06:16:22,160 --> 06:16:23,160
ever take a defensive or offensive
48036
06:16:23,832 --> 06:16:24,832
stance you are switzerland you want to
48037
06:16:26,160 --> 06:16:27,160
be neutral at all times of course you
48038
06:16:28,640 --> 06:16:29,640
want to set expectations and you want to
48039
06:16:30,160 --> 06:16:31,160
be right but you're never going to get
48040
06:16:31,360 --> 06:16:32,360
defensive or offensive if someone blames
48041
06:16:33,280 --> 06:16:34,280
you of something then explain what
48042
06:16:34,960 --> 06:16:35,960
happened make sure you have
48043
06:16:36,080 --> 06:16:37,080
documentation and if you need to always
48044
06:16:38,400 --> 06:16:39,400
rely on your company or on your
48045
06:16:40,000 --> 06:16:41,000
supervisor to help take some heat off of
48046
06:16:42,232 --> 06:16:43,232
you that's what they're there for
48047
06:16:44,552 --> 06:16:45,552
great
48048
06:16:45,440 --> 06:16:46,440
so now we've talked about all this stuff
48049
06:16:47,120 --> 06:16:48,120
we talked about first response what
48050
06:16:48,872 --> 06:16:49,872
happens when you first arrive again you
48051
06:16:51,440 --> 06:16:52,440
want to make sure to document everything
48052
06:16:53,440 --> 06:16:54,440
for chain of custody purposes remember
48053
06:16:55,832 --> 06:16:56,832
this can have a major implication when
48054
06:16:57,760 --> 06:16:58,760
it comes to litigation chain of custody
48055
06:17:00,000 --> 06:17:01,000
again it tells you
48056
06:17:01,440 --> 06:17:02,440
who touched what when
48057
06:17:03,280 --> 06:17:04,280
uh
48058
06:17:07,192 --> 06:17:08,192
and it'll also tell you that uh you can
48059
06:17:10,000 --> 06:17:11,000
guarantee
48060
06:17:11,440 --> 06:17:12,440
that nothing has changed
48061
06:17:14,800 --> 06:17:15,800
except for what you touched which should
48062
06:17:16,400 --> 06:17:17,400
be noting
48063
06:17:17,512 --> 06:17:18,512
uh of course in the case of a forensic
48064
06:17:19,360 --> 06:17:20,360
investigation we want to make sure that
48065
06:17:20,480 --> 06:17:21,480
nothing has changed that you couldn't
48066
06:17:21,760 --> 06:17:22,760
have added anything we also need
48067
06:17:23,592 --> 06:17:24,592
punctuality you're going to arrive on
48068
06:17:25,192 --> 06:17:26,192
time and if you're running late you want
48069
06:17:27,120 --> 06:17:28,120
to communicate
48070
06:17:28,552 --> 06:17:29,552
with the other client we also need to
48071
06:17:31,280 --> 06:17:32,280
listen we need to use open-ended
48072
06:17:33,360 --> 06:17:34,360
questions not close-ended questions in
48073
06:17:35,280 --> 06:17:36,280
order to get a response clarify the
48074
06:17:37,592 --> 06:17:38,592
problem not just by asking questions but
48075
06:17:40,552 --> 06:17:41,552
also by narrowing the scope uh perhaps
48076
06:17:43,512 --> 06:17:44,512
offering some suggestions or offering
48077
06:17:46,160 --> 06:17:47,160
advice on on what to check if you're
48078
06:17:48,720 --> 06:17:49,720
working with them on the phone or if
48079
06:17:50,800 --> 06:17:51,800
you're out if you're there try to figure
48080
06:17:52,720 --> 06:17:53,720
out exactly where in the process the
48081
06:17:54,720 --> 06:17:55,720
problem is occurring we need to be
48082
06:17:56,640 --> 06:17:57,640
positive remember all problems can be
48083
06:17:59,360 --> 06:18:00,360
solved
48084
06:18:00,400 --> 06:18:01,400
although we might not like the answer
48085
06:18:03,280 --> 06:18:04,280
so remember that
48086
06:18:04,960 --> 06:18:05,960
and remember that you also have the
48087
06:18:06,080 --> 06:18:07,080
internet which is your friend and can
48088
06:18:07,280 --> 06:18:08,280
help you solve almost any problem speak
48089
06:18:09,440 --> 06:18:10,440
clearly not just enunciating but more so
48090
06:18:13,440 --> 06:18:14,440
we want to make sure not to use jargon
48091
06:18:15,512 --> 06:18:16,512
that can confuse our customer we want to
48092
06:18:18,000 --> 06:18:19,000
set realistic expectations and a
48093
06:18:20,800 --> 06:18:21,800
realistic timeline as well
48094
06:18:23,832 --> 06:18:24,832
avoid distractions don't talk to
48095
06:18:26,232 --> 06:18:27,232
co-workers don't talk to other customers
48096
06:18:28,400 --> 06:18:29,400
unless absolutely necessary and if so
48097
06:18:30,160 --> 06:18:31,160
keep it short and sweet and to the point
48098
06:18:32,400 --> 06:18:33,400
we also need to be very confident uh we
48099
06:18:36,320 --> 06:18:37,320
have to have strong confidentiality when
48100
06:18:38,320 --> 06:18:39,320
we're dealing with customers don't look
48101
06:18:40,232 --> 06:18:41,232
at anything you shouldn't have you
48102
06:18:41,832 --> 06:18:42,832
shouldn't um and shred any important or
48103
06:18:45,192 --> 06:18:46,192
sensitive documents
48104
06:18:46,800 --> 06:18:47,800
put yourself
48105
06:18:48,080 --> 06:18:49,080
above reproach make sure no one can
48106
06:18:50,960 --> 06:18:51,960
accuse you of anything finally be
48107
06:18:53,360 --> 06:18:54,360
professional don't argue uh don't be
48108
06:18:56,232 --> 06:18:57,232
rude
48109
06:18:58,080 --> 06:18:59,080
do what you think uh you you know live
48110
06:19:00,960 --> 06:19:01,960
by the goals and rule right you act to
48111
06:19:03,440 --> 06:19:04,440
others as you would want them to act
48112
06:19:05,440 --> 06:19:06,440
towards you
48113
06:19:12,390 --> 06:19:13,390
[Music]
48114
06:19:28,552 --> 06:19:29,552
welcome to module 23 lesson one mac os
48115
06:19:31,760 --> 06:19:32,760
best practices which this and all the
48116
06:19:34,800 --> 06:19:35,800
following modules and lessons actually
48117
06:19:36,480 --> 06:19:37,480
are new additions to the syllabus
48118
06:19:39,440 --> 06:19:40,440
and it's just the way the a plus goes
48119
06:19:41,360 --> 06:19:42,360
they expect you to know
48120
06:19:42,960 --> 06:19:43,960
a little bit about a lot of things
48121
06:19:46,160 --> 06:19:47,160
whereas other vendors for example and
48122
06:19:49,440 --> 06:19:50,440
cisco if you're doing
48123
06:19:51,360 --> 06:19:52,360
a voice qualification they'll expect you
48124
06:19:53,832 --> 06:19:54,832
to know a lot about a little
48125
06:19:56,480 --> 06:19:57,480
so that's more expertise where is there
48126
06:19:58,320 --> 06:19:59,320
the a plus is general knowledge
48127
06:20:00,320 --> 06:20:01,320
so expect it to know a bit and then
48128
06:20:01,832 --> 06:20:02,832
obviously if you had to go and
48129
06:20:03,040 --> 06:20:04,040
troubleshoot a mac os for whatever
48130
06:20:05,512 --> 06:20:06,512
reason you'd actually know where to look
48131
06:20:08,080 --> 06:20:09,080
and um you know spend a bit of time
48132
06:20:09,912 --> 06:20:10,912
learning how to do it
48133
06:20:11,912 --> 06:20:12,912
so we're going to look at scheduled
48134
06:20:13,440 --> 06:20:14,440
backups scheduled disc maintenance
48135
06:20:16,960 --> 06:20:17,960
patch management
48136
06:20:20,872 --> 06:20:21,872
system updates and the app store
48137
06:20:24,080 --> 06:20:25,080
driver firmware updates
48138
06:20:26,720 --> 06:20:27,720
antivirus anti-malware updates
48139
06:20:30,480 --> 06:20:31,480
all right so schedule backups first
48140
06:20:33,192 --> 06:20:34,192
uh when the time machine's turned on
48141
06:20:35,040 --> 06:20:36,040
which is of part of the mac os one of
48142
06:20:37,360 --> 06:20:38,360
the features
48143
06:20:38,552 --> 06:20:39,552
it can automatically perform hourly
48144
06:20:40,960 --> 06:20:41,960
backups daily and weekly or depends on
48145
06:20:43,512 --> 06:20:44,512
how you want to configure it and there's
48146
06:20:45,760 --> 06:20:46,760
a screen capture there
48147
06:20:48,000 --> 06:20:49,000
the oldest backups are deleted when the
48148
06:20:50,552 --> 06:20:51,552
backup drive is full so it goes the
48149
06:20:53,120 --> 06:20:54,120
oldest
48150
06:20:54,080 --> 06:20:55,080
get one removed and the space is used
48151
06:20:56,400 --> 06:20:57,400
for the newer backups which makes sense
48152
06:20:58,640 --> 06:20:59,640
it's the same with most backups
48153
06:21:00,960 --> 06:21:01,960
schedule disk maintenance mac os
48154
06:21:03,192 --> 06:21:04,192
periodically runs maintenance tasks to
48155
06:21:05,360 --> 06:21:06,360
remove temporary files and log files
48156
06:21:08,400 --> 06:21:09,400
if the computer was powered off during
48157
06:21:10,232 --> 06:21:11,232
the schedule maintenance you can
48158
06:21:11,440 --> 06:21:12,440
actually force
48159
06:21:12,872 --> 06:21:13,872
and
48160
06:21:13,760 --> 06:21:14,760
force it to run these tasks you have to
48161
06:21:15,592 --> 06:21:16,592
run a command
48162
06:21:16,872 --> 06:21:17,872
sudo sudo periodic daily into the
48163
06:21:20,400 --> 06:21:21,400
terminal
48164
06:21:23,360 --> 06:21:24,360
as part of the maintenance this utility
48165
06:21:25,280 --> 06:21:26,280
can be used to verify the volume in the
48166
06:21:27,592 --> 06:21:28,592
computer startup disk this feature is
48167
06:21:30,080 --> 06:21:31,080
called live verification
48168
06:21:35,360 --> 06:21:36,360
patch management
48169
06:21:37,360 --> 06:21:38,360
regular software updates to mac os and
48170
06:21:39,592 --> 06:21:40,592
apps are necessary
48171
06:21:41,440 --> 06:21:42,440
basically there's exploits found and
48172
06:21:43,440 --> 06:21:44,440
discovered on a daily basis so you need
48173
06:21:45,680 --> 06:21:46,680
to and patch all of these
48174
06:21:50,000 --> 06:21:51,000
and it can be done automatically
48175
06:21:52,160 --> 06:21:53,160
actually it usually is the mac
48176
06:21:55,040 --> 06:21:56,040
app store shows the software updates
48177
06:21:56,872 --> 06:21:57,872
available for mac os and apps
48178
06:21:59,440 --> 06:22:00,440
the app store right in the doc will also
48179
06:22:01,120 --> 06:22:02,120
show the number of updates available
48180
06:22:06,232 --> 06:22:07,232
system updates and the app store
48181
06:22:08,552 --> 06:22:09,552
the mac app store is a central
48182
06:22:10,000 --> 06:22:11,000
repository that keeps track of the
48183
06:22:12,000 --> 06:22:13,000
updates for mac os and apps
48184
06:22:14,552 --> 06:22:15,552
to see if there's an update available
48185
06:22:16,320 --> 06:22:17,320
you have to open up the app store and
48186
06:22:17,680 --> 06:22:18,680
then click on the updates button on its
48187
06:22:19,280 --> 06:22:20,280
toolbar
48188
06:22:20,800 --> 06:22:21,800
when they're available you can click on
48189
06:22:22,480 --> 06:22:23,480
the update button and the corresponding
48190
06:22:25,680 --> 06:22:26,680
um to the software or app to download
48191
06:22:28,872 --> 06:22:29,872
and install
48192
06:22:30,320 --> 06:22:31,320
you can also configure as i said the app
48193
06:22:32,232 --> 06:22:33,232
store to automatically download and
48194
06:22:33,912 --> 06:22:34,912
install
48195
06:22:35,280 --> 06:22:36,280
mac os and app updates which is probably
48196
06:22:37,680 --> 06:22:38,680
the
48197
06:22:38,960 --> 06:22:39,960
preferred choice most of us would have
48198
06:22:41,592 --> 06:22:42,592
maybe different on a corporate install
48199
06:22:43,512 --> 06:22:44,512
if
48200
06:22:44,640 --> 06:22:45,640
you wanted to test
48201
06:22:46,552 --> 06:22:47,552
um
48202
06:22:47,912 --> 06:22:48,912
if it
48203
06:22:48,872 --> 06:22:49,872
affects the actual app in any other way
48204
06:22:51,192 --> 06:22:52,192
that you don't want to happen
48205
06:22:53,120 --> 06:22:54,120
uh i certainly know with some apps that
48206
06:22:55,040 --> 06:22:56,040
people
48207
06:22:56,000 --> 06:22:57,000
do run legacy versions
48208
06:22:59,040 --> 06:23:00,040
for different reasons
48209
06:23:01,760 --> 06:23:02,760
all right devices require a driver and a
48210
06:23:04,080 --> 06:23:05,080
firmware to work properly in an
48211
06:23:05,912 --> 06:23:06,912
operating system drivers installed such
48212
06:23:08,320 --> 06:23:09,320
as a mac os
48213
06:23:09,912 --> 06:23:10,912
which lets the device communicate with
48214
06:23:12,000 --> 06:23:13,000
that operating system
48215
06:23:13,912 --> 06:23:14,912
driver updates are available through the
48216
06:23:15,592 --> 06:23:16,592
app store
48217
06:23:16,960 --> 06:23:17,960
firmware basically makes the uh
48218
06:23:20,080 --> 06:23:21,080
uh divided
48219
06:23:22,160 --> 06:23:23,160
so firmware's the software available on
48220
06:23:23,832 --> 06:23:24,832
the device and makes the device work
48221
06:23:25,680 --> 06:23:26,680
it's in it it helps the device obviously
48222
06:23:28,080 --> 06:23:29,080
interact and controls how it boots and
48223
06:23:30,960 --> 06:23:31,960
works with the main os
48224
06:23:33,280 --> 06:23:34,280
firmware's developed and maintained by
48225
06:23:34,720 --> 06:23:35,720
the company that developed the device
48226
06:23:36,552 --> 06:23:37,552
obviously you've got to be careful that
48227
06:23:38,080 --> 06:23:39,080
they um regularly update this firmware
48228
06:23:40,960 --> 06:23:41,960
sometimes a company will develop the
48229
06:23:43,512 --> 06:23:44,512
firmware for the device
48230
06:23:45,512 --> 06:23:46,512
and they could go burst or could get
48231
06:23:47,440 --> 06:23:48,440
taken over by another company and then
48232
06:23:49,360 --> 06:23:50,360
the firmware isn't updated and
48233
06:23:51,512 --> 06:23:52,512
eventually it can cause serious issues
48234
06:23:55,192 --> 06:23:56,192
or could obviously have a vulnerability
48235
06:23:56,872 --> 06:23:57,872
on your system then
48236
06:23:59,192 --> 06:24:00,192
antivirus anti-air malware the macos is
48237
06:24:01,680 --> 06:24:02,680
relatively less prone to virus and
48238
06:24:03,192 --> 06:24:04,192
malware attacks not completely
48239
06:24:05,440 --> 06:24:06,440
um
48240
06:24:07,440 --> 06:24:08,440
but less less so than pcs
48241
06:24:10,480 --> 06:24:11,480
you might want to have a mac antivirus
48242
06:24:12,232 --> 06:24:13,232
such as clans have to check incoming
48243
06:24:14,960 --> 06:24:15,960
emails so that you do not send a windows
48244
06:24:17,360 --> 06:24:18,360
virus to other people through an email
48245
06:24:19,440 --> 06:24:20,440
attachment
48246
06:24:21,512 --> 06:24:22,512
clamsav is a open source antivirus
48247
06:24:25,832 --> 06:24:26,832
database updates for antivirus program
48248
06:24:28,480 --> 06:24:29,480
can be downloaded automatically which is
48249
06:24:30,960 --> 06:24:31,960
generally the recommended feature
48250
06:24:33,360 --> 06:24:34,360
so we've done an overview of schedule
48251
06:24:34,960 --> 06:24:35,960
backups disk maintenance patch
48252
06:24:36,872 --> 06:24:37,872
management
48253
06:24:38,000 --> 06:24:39,000
system updates app store driver firmware
48254
06:24:40,640 --> 06:24:41,640
updates
48255
06:24:41,680 --> 06:24:42,680
antivirus anti-malware updates that's
48256
06:24:44,480 --> 06:24:45,480
all for now thanks for watching
48257
06:24:50,160 --> 06:24:51,160
[Music]
48258
06:25:06,552 --> 06:25:07,552
welcome to module 23 lesson two mac os
48259
06:25:09,832 --> 06:25:10,832
tools
48260
06:25:11,440 --> 06:25:12,440
we'll look at the backup time machine
48261
06:25:13,832 --> 06:25:14,832
restore snapshot
48262
06:25:15,512 --> 06:25:16,512
image recovery
48263
06:25:17,040 --> 06:25:18,040
disk maintenance utility and the disk
48264
06:25:19,040 --> 06:25:20,040
utility
48265
06:25:20,640 --> 06:25:21,640
shell terminal screen sharing
48266
06:25:24,232 --> 06:25:25,232
force quit
48267
06:25:26,872 --> 06:25:27,872
all right
48268
06:25:29,360 --> 06:25:30,360
so time machine is built a built-in mac
48269
06:25:31,832 --> 06:25:32,832
os tool that allows you to back all your
48270
06:25:33,512 --> 06:25:34,512
files to an external drive
48271
06:25:36,232 --> 06:25:37,232
you'd usually use a usb drive
48272
06:25:40,160 --> 06:25:41,160
um
48273
06:25:41,120 --> 06:25:42,120
at home
48274
06:25:43,912 --> 06:25:44,912
in order to use the time machine you
48275
06:25:45,360 --> 06:25:46,360
need to have an external hard drive
48276
06:25:46,872 --> 06:25:47,872
connected to your mac or an os x server
48277
06:25:49,680 --> 06:25:50,680
on the network so i guess it depends if
48278
06:25:52,000 --> 06:25:53,000
you're in a office environment or you're
48279
06:25:54,320 --> 06:25:55,320
doing a home backup for whatever files
48280
06:25:57,120 --> 06:25:58,120
you're using
48281
06:25:58,800 --> 06:25:59,800
time machine also saves some of its
48282
06:26:00,640 --> 06:26:01,640
backup called local snapshots to the
48283
06:26:02,640 --> 06:26:03,640
startup drive of the mac
48284
06:26:04,832 --> 06:26:05,832
computer once the time machine's set up
48285
06:26:07,360 --> 06:26:08,360
we can automatically make hourly backups
48286
06:26:09,440 --> 06:26:10,440
daily or weekly whatever you wish it to
48287
06:26:12,160 --> 06:26:13,160
happen
48288
06:26:14,080 --> 06:26:15,080
and not only backup files externally can
48289
06:26:16,080 --> 06:26:17,080
help you restore these files later
48290
06:26:20,080 --> 06:26:21,080
a time machine presents timelines on the
48291
06:26:22,400 --> 06:26:23,400
right-hand side of your screen and the
48292
06:26:23,760 --> 06:26:24,760
timeline may include local snapshots
48293
06:26:27,280 --> 06:26:28,280
now you'll need to find the file you
48294
06:26:28,552 --> 06:26:29,552
want to restore at a particular date and
48295
06:26:30,320 --> 06:26:31,320
time and by using the timeline and then
48296
06:26:33,360 --> 06:26:34,360
click restore
48297
06:26:34,720 --> 06:26:35,720
which will then restore that file
48298
06:26:38,960 --> 06:26:39,960
disk image is a file that can contain
48299
06:26:41,040 --> 06:26:42,040
contents of a cd a dvd or even a disk
48300
06:26:44,960 --> 06:26:45,960
the disk image has a file extension dot
48301
06:26:47,800 --> 06:26:48,800
dmg
48302
06:26:49,360 --> 06:26:50,360
and it looks and functions like a
48303
06:26:50,800 --> 06:26:51,800
mountable volume or drive
48304
06:26:53,440 --> 06:26:54,440
when we create a disk image it contains
48305
06:26:55,680 --> 06:26:56,680
files and folders and functions like a
48306
06:26:57,440 --> 06:26:58,440
disk
48307
06:27:00,640 --> 06:27:01,640
there is a disk utility
48308
06:27:02,640 --> 06:27:03,640
uh on the mac os to create a disk image
48309
06:27:05,280 --> 06:27:06,280
you can see the screen capture there
48310
06:27:08,480 --> 06:27:09,480
uh create a disk image of a disk that's
48311
06:27:11,192 --> 06:27:12,192
failing or with encrypted data is not
48312
06:27:13,120 --> 06:27:14,120
recommended
48313
06:27:14,800 --> 06:27:15,800
because such a backup may not be
48314
06:27:16,232 --> 06:27:17,232
reliable
48315
06:27:19,360 --> 06:27:20,360
in order to restore a disk image to a
48316
06:27:21,192 --> 06:27:22,192
disk you have to first erase that disk
48317
06:27:23,512 --> 06:27:24,512
if there are multiple partitions on a
48318
06:27:25,192 --> 06:27:26,192
disk image then each partition must be
48319
06:27:27,832 --> 06:27:28,832
restored individually
48320
06:27:30,872 --> 06:27:31,872
the disk utility is the built-in mac os
48321
06:27:33,120 --> 06:27:34,120
tool that allows you to complete
48322
06:27:34,720 --> 06:27:35,720
maintenance tasks such as
48323
06:27:36,640 --> 06:27:37,640
managed disks disk images and raid sets
48324
06:27:41,040 --> 06:27:42,040
disk utility allows you to do the
48325
06:27:42,872 --> 06:27:43,872
following checking repair errors on
48326
06:27:45,440 --> 06:27:46,440
disks partition a disk create a disk
48327
06:27:48,800 --> 06:27:49,800
image and restore a disk image to a disk
48328
06:27:52,320 --> 06:27:53,320
securely erase data from the disk in
48329
06:27:54,080 --> 06:27:55,080
order to prevent it from being recovered
48330
06:27:57,512 --> 06:27:58,512
you can also create raid sets by
48331
06:27:59,280 --> 06:28:00,280
combining multiple hard drives again i
48332
06:28:01,512 --> 06:28:02,512
think this is more for a commercial
48333
06:28:03,440 --> 06:28:04,440
environment
48334
06:28:06,160 --> 06:28:07,160
the shell or terminal which i've circled
48335
06:28:08,320 --> 06:28:09,320
in red here
48336
06:28:09,592 --> 06:28:10,592
is the command line the cli
48337
06:28:12,552 --> 06:28:13,552
and in unix and unix-like operating
48338
06:28:15,360 --> 06:28:16,360
systems called shell
48339
06:28:17,912 --> 06:28:18,912
since mac os is a unix-based graphical
48340
06:28:21,120 --> 06:28:22,120
operating system it provides shell
48341
06:28:22,640 --> 06:28:23,640
access through a terminal emulator
48342
06:28:25,360 --> 06:28:26,360
program terminal is actually called
48343
06:28:27,040 --> 06:28:28,040
terminal as you can see
48344
06:28:30,000 --> 06:28:31,000
it can be found under applications and
48345
06:28:32,000 --> 06:28:33,000
then utilities
48346
06:28:34,400 --> 06:28:35,400
it provides direct eye and access to the
48347
06:28:37,040 --> 06:28:38,040
underlying underlying unix system allows
48348
06:28:40,160 --> 06:28:41,160
you to manage the mac os through text
48349
06:28:41,912 --> 06:28:42,912
based command line environment not
48350
06:28:44,400 --> 06:28:45,400
something i recommend you play with
48351
06:28:45,832 --> 06:28:46,832
unless you actually know what you're
48352
06:28:47,040 --> 06:28:48,040
doing
48353
06:28:49,760 --> 06:28:50,760
you can run certain commands and shell
48354
06:28:51,512 --> 06:28:52,512
scripts to carry out various
48355
06:28:52,872 --> 06:28:53,872
administration tasks
48356
06:28:55,592 --> 06:28:56,592
and mac os is a screen sharing feature
48357
06:28:57,512 --> 06:28:58,512
that allows you to remotely view and
48358
06:28:59,040 --> 06:29:00,040
control another mac computer on the same
48359
06:29:01,512 --> 06:29:02,512
network
48360
06:29:03,832 --> 06:29:04,832
for screen sharing to work you have to
48361
06:29:05,832 --> 06:29:06,832
enable a screen sharing obviously for
48362
06:29:07,512 --> 06:29:08,512
security reasons it would be turned off
48363
06:29:10,160 --> 06:29:11,160
and may need an administrator to
48364
06:29:11,832 --> 06:29:12,832
actually do that
48365
06:29:14,320 --> 06:29:15,320
in the finder window you can choose the
48366
06:29:15,680 --> 06:29:16,680
computer you want to share and then
48367
06:29:17,040 --> 06:29:18,040
click share screen you can also connect
48368
06:29:19,512 --> 06:29:20,512
to a mac computer by using its ip
48369
06:29:22,552 --> 06:29:23,552
address or the dns name
48370
06:29:26,480 --> 06:29:27,480
screen sharing helps you solve a problem
48371
06:29:28,400 --> 06:29:29,400
on a remote mac computer
48372
06:29:31,192 --> 06:29:32,192
on a remote
48373
06:29:32,552 --> 06:29:33,552
mac computer or to collaborate with
48374
06:29:34,720 --> 06:29:35,720
others often user for collaboration
48375
06:29:37,592 --> 06:29:38,592
especially when you're working on their
48376
06:29:39,760 --> 06:29:40,760
movies movie studios or design and you
48377
06:29:42,320 --> 06:29:43,320
want to collaborate with other designers
48378
06:29:44,080 --> 06:29:45,080
or with the customer
48379
06:29:46,552 --> 06:29:47,552
and mac os screen sharing is compatible
48380
06:29:48,640 --> 06:29:49,640
with vnc virtual network computing this
48381
06:29:51,440 --> 06:29:52,440
is an industry standard so you may well
48382
06:29:53,120 --> 06:29:54,120
have heard about it or used and used it
48383
06:29:55,120 --> 06:29:56,120
before controls another computer using
48384
06:29:57,592 --> 06:29:58,592
tcp
48385
06:30:01,360 --> 06:30:02,360
and now if an app freezes then you can
48386
06:30:03,512 --> 06:30:04,512
forcefully close it by using the force
48387
06:30:05,760 --> 06:30:06,760
quit
48388
06:30:06,960 --> 06:30:07,960
feature
48389
06:30:08,400 --> 06:30:09,400
and it'll show which
48390
06:30:09,912 --> 06:30:10,912
applications are actually running at the
48391
06:30:11,440 --> 06:30:12,440
moment
48392
06:30:13,440 --> 06:30:14,440
it can be accessed from the apple menu
48393
06:30:15,680 --> 06:30:16,680
or you can press command option escape
48394
06:30:21,280 --> 06:30:22,280
if the finder window stops responding it
48395
06:30:23,280 --> 06:30:24,280
can't be closed but it can be
48396
06:30:25,120 --> 06:30:26,120
restarted and selecting the finder in
48397
06:30:27,512 --> 06:30:28,512
the force quick window and clicking
48398
06:30:29,440 --> 06:30:30,440
relaunch
48399
06:30:30,872 --> 06:30:31,872
if none of the apps are responding then
48400
06:30:32,480 --> 06:30:33,480
you will have to
48401
06:30:33,832 --> 06:30:34,832
force your mac to restart
48402
06:30:39,440 --> 06:30:40,440
so we've covered a backup time machine
48403
06:30:41,360 --> 06:30:42,360
restore snapshot image recovery disk
48404
06:30:44,320 --> 06:30:45,320
maintenance dish utility
48405
06:30:46,640 --> 06:30:47,640
shell terminal
48406
06:30:48,000 --> 06:30:49,000
screen sharing and force quit that's all
48407
06:30:51,040 --> 06:30:52,040
for now thanks for watching
48408
06:30:57,320 --> 06:30:58,320
[Music]
48409
06:31:10,552 --> 06:31:11,552
welcome to module 23 lesson three mac os
48410
06:31:13,832 --> 06:31:14,832
features
48411
06:31:16,720 --> 06:31:17,720
we look at mission control keychain
48412
06:31:19,360 --> 06:31:20,360
spotlight icloud
48413
06:31:21,832 --> 06:31:22,832
gestures
48414
06:31:23,280 --> 06:31:24,280
finder remote disk
48415
06:31:26,400 --> 06:31:27,400
dock
48416
06:31:28,000 --> 06:31:29,000
and boot camp
48417
06:31:29,592 --> 06:31:30,592
firstly mission control which you can
48418
06:31:31,360 --> 06:31:32,360
see in the uh screen capture there uh
48419
06:31:34,000 --> 06:31:35,000
stroke modes of multiple desktops
48420
06:31:36,800 --> 06:31:37,800
it gives you a bird's eye view of all
48421
06:31:38,960 --> 06:31:39,960
the windows open on your desktop
48422
06:31:41,512 --> 06:31:42,512
you can access mission control by
48423
06:31:43,120 --> 06:31:44,120
clicking on the icon
48424
06:31:45,440 --> 06:31:46,440
in the launchpad area
48425
06:31:48,400 --> 06:31:49,400
the top portion of the screen
48426
06:31:51,832 --> 06:31:52,832
is called the spaces bar it's used by
48427
06:31:53,680 --> 06:31:54,680
mission control to show the number of
48428
06:31:55,120 --> 06:31:56,120
desktops you have including the current
48429
06:31:57,280 --> 06:31:58,280
one and any windows in full screen view
48430
06:32:00,160 --> 06:32:01,160
and split view
48431
06:32:03,512 --> 06:32:04,512
below the space bar mission control
48432
06:32:05,192 --> 06:32:06,192
shows all the windows open on your
48433
06:32:06,960 --> 06:32:07,960
desktop
48434
06:32:09,280 --> 06:32:10,280
all right keychain you can see there
48435
06:32:11,120 --> 06:32:12,120
again in the screen grab the keychain
48436
06:32:14,160 --> 06:32:15,160
feature allows you to store account
48437
06:32:15,680 --> 06:32:16,680
names and passwords for various websites
48438
06:32:17,912 --> 06:32:18,912
apps and servers in one place and it's
48439
06:32:20,552 --> 06:32:21,552
accessible through a master password
48440
06:32:23,280 --> 06:32:24,280
i know there's
48441
06:32:24,480 --> 06:32:25,480
uh versions of this for windows paid for
48442
06:32:28,000 --> 06:32:29,000
versions
48443
06:32:29,280 --> 06:32:30,280
uh like robo form and i'm sure there's
48444
06:32:32,160 --> 06:32:33,160
other ones available as well obviously
48445
06:32:34,160 --> 06:32:35,160
if you forget your master password then
48446
06:32:36,080 --> 06:32:37,080
you're in big trouble because you you
48447
06:32:38,552 --> 06:32:39,552
can't do a recovery for that for
48448
06:32:40,232 --> 06:32:41,232
security reasons
48449
06:32:42,960 --> 06:32:43,960
the keychain can be used to store
48450
06:32:44,400 --> 06:32:45,400
confident information such as credit
48451
06:32:46,232 --> 06:32:47,232
card numbers pins and so on
48452
06:32:50,000 --> 06:32:51,000
can also store certificates that are
48453
06:32:51,592 --> 06:32:52,592
used by web browsers mail and texting
48454
06:32:53,680 --> 06:32:54,680
apps
48455
06:32:56,232 --> 06:32:57,232
spotlight feature is the search option
48456
06:32:58,320 --> 06:32:59,320
that allows you to search your mac
48457
06:32:59,512 --> 06:33:00,512
computer for apps documents images and
48458
06:33:02,720 --> 06:33:03,720
any number of other files
48459
06:33:06,160 --> 06:33:07,160
uh it can also show suggestions from the
48460
06:33:08,232 --> 06:33:09,232
internet such as new sites maps movie
48461
06:33:10,872 --> 06:33:11,872
listings itunes and so on and so forth
48462
06:33:14,160 --> 06:33:15,160
you can see the capture there it can be
48463
06:33:16,800 --> 06:33:17,800
accessed by clicking on the magnifying
48464
06:33:18,232 --> 06:33:19,232
glass located in the top right hand
48465
06:33:19,680 --> 06:33:20,680
corner of the menu bar or by pressing
48466
06:33:22,000 --> 06:33:23,000
the command space from any app
48467
06:33:24,872 --> 06:33:25,872
in order to search for something you
48468
06:33:27,120 --> 06:33:28,120
have to type related words
48469
06:33:29,512 --> 06:33:30,512
for example you can type the name of the
48470
06:33:31,360 --> 06:33:32,360
app a word contained in a word document
48471
06:33:33,440 --> 06:33:34,440
or tag
48472
06:33:34,872 --> 06:33:35,872
attached to a file
48473
06:33:39,440 --> 06:33:40,440
all right so spotlight when you type in
48474
06:33:42,160 --> 06:33:43,160
the first few letters in the search
48475
06:33:43,592 --> 06:33:44,592
field spotlight automatically populates
48476
06:33:46,000 --> 06:33:47,000
with suggestions obviously this is the
48477
06:33:48,320 --> 06:33:49,320
same for any number of um
48478
06:33:51,360 --> 06:33:52,360
searches for example searching the
48479
06:33:52,872 --> 06:33:53,872
google toolbar it will auto complete
48480
06:33:55,440 --> 06:33:56,440
searching on spotify searching for
48481
06:33:58,160 --> 06:33:59,160
youtube videos etc
48482
06:34:00,320 --> 06:34:01,320
you can select deselect the categories
48483
06:34:01,832 --> 06:34:02,832
you want to appear in spotlight by going
48484
06:34:04,160 --> 06:34:05,160
to system preferences and spotlights
48485
06:34:08,160 --> 06:34:09,160
icloud is the
48486
06:34:09,912 --> 06:34:10,912
cloud service that allows you to manage
48487
06:34:11,832 --> 06:34:12,832
and share information
48488
06:34:13,360 --> 06:34:14,360
across mac computers and ios devices
48489
06:34:16,960 --> 06:34:17,960
you can keep your email contacts
48490
06:34:18,552 --> 06:34:19,552
calendars and
48491
06:34:20,400 --> 06:34:21,400
so on on your icloud
48492
06:34:22,960 --> 06:34:23,960
using icloud you can store and organize
48493
06:34:24,872 --> 06:34:25,872
all kinds of documents that can be
48494
06:34:26,400 --> 06:34:27,400
accessed on all your different
48495
06:34:28,832 --> 06:34:29,832
devices it can be used to locate your
48496
06:34:31,360 --> 06:34:32,360
ios device apple watch or mac on a map
48497
06:34:36,000 --> 06:34:37,000
the icloud provides a backup and restore
48498
06:34:38,000 --> 06:34:39,000
option for your ios devices it
48499
06:34:40,160 --> 06:34:41,160
automatically backs up your ios device
48500
06:34:42,720 --> 06:34:43,720
over wi-fi when the device is turned on
48501
06:34:45,360 --> 06:34:46,360
locked and connected to a power source
48502
06:34:50,320 --> 06:34:51,320
if you need to you can use the icloud
48503
06:34:52,480 --> 06:34:53,480
backup to restore your ios device
48504
06:34:57,512 --> 06:34:58,512
all right gestures
48505
06:34:59,280 --> 06:35:00,280
such as tap swipe and pinch allow your
48506
06:35:01,192 --> 06:35:02,192
multi touch trackpad to perform useful
48507
06:35:04,400 --> 06:35:05,400
actions
48508
06:35:05,440 --> 06:35:06,440
example uh tap with one finger on the
48509
06:35:08,080 --> 06:35:09,080
trackpad allows you to click tapping
48510
06:35:10,400 --> 06:35:11,400
with two fingers allows you to right
48511
06:35:11,912 --> 06:35:12,912
click and so on
48512
06:35:13,912 --> 06:35:14,912
they can be turned on or off on the
48513
06:35:15,440 --> 06:35:16,440
apple menu system preferences by
48514
06:35:17,360 --> 06:35:18,360
clicking on trackpad
48515
06:35:21,360 --> 06:35:22,360
all right finder is a feature in the mac
48516
06:35:23,592 --> 06:35:24,592
that allows you to find and organize
48517
06:35:25,040 --> 06:35:26,040
files and folders in your computer
48518
06:35:28,400 --> 06:35:29,400
it shows you the context of your map
48519
06:35:30,400 --> 06:35:31,400
the contents of your mac using windows
48520
06:35:32,552 --> 06:35:33,552
and icons
48521
06:35:36,400 --> 06:35:37,400
you can open up documents apps and files
48522
06:35:38,232 --> 06:35:39,232
within the window just by double
48523
06:35:39,912 --> 06:35:40,912
clicking on it
48524
06:35:41,592 --> 06:35:42,592
you can create a move rename or delete a
48525
06:35:44,232 --> 06:35:45,232
file folder within the window so it's
48526
06:35:45,760 --> 06:35:46,760
like windows explorer but for macs
48527
06:35:50,480 --> 06:35:51,480
some folders that come with mac can't be
48528
06:35:52,480 --> 06:35:53,480
renamed obviously
48529
06:35:55,760 --> 06:35:56,760
finder similar to windows explorer as
48530
06:35:57,512 --> 06:35:58,512
i've said the finder feature can be
48531
06:35:59,120 --> 06:36:00,120
accessed by clicking on the
48532
06:36:00,960 --> 06:36:01,960
finder icon on the dock
48533
06:36:04,080 --> 06:36:05,080
remote disk allows you to access file
48534
06:36:06,160 --> 06:36:07,160
stores on a cd or dvd hosted on another
48535
06:36:08,872 --> 06:36:09,872
computer
48536
06:36:10,160 --> 06:36:11,160
it also allows you to share disks from
48537
06:36:12,232 --> 06:36:13,232
the optical drive of another computer
48538
06:36:14,480 --> 06:36:15,480
that's on the same network
48539
06:36:16,800 --> 06:36:17,800
you can show the optical drive of a
48540
06:36:18,160 --> 06:36:19,160
windows computer if it has a dvd or cd
48541
06:36:21,192 --> 06:36:22,192
sharing installed
48542
06:36:26,160 --> 06:36:27,160
dvd or cd sharing must be enabled by
48543
06:36:28,800 --> 06:36:29,800
going to system preference and then
48544
06:36:31,040 --> 06:36:32,040
sharing
48545
06:36:33,832 --> 06:36:34,832
and remote disk won't appear and find if
48546
06:36:36,080 --> 06:36:37,080
your mac has an optical drive connected
48547
06:36:38,080 --> 06:36:39,080
to it
48548
06:36:40,800 --> 06:36:41,800
uh dvd or cd shown is not designed for
48549
06:36:43,912 --> 06:36:44,912
optical discs but
48550
06:36:45,680 --> 06:36:46,680
such as audio cds blu-rays or dvd movies
48551
06:36:49,120 --> 06:36:50,120
or copy protected stuff
48552
06:36:53,680 --> 06:36:54,680
all right doc is the bar of icons
48553
06:36:56,000 --> 06:36:57,000
located on the bottom of the screen
48554
06:36:58,400 --> 06:36:59,400
provides quick access to your favorite
48555
06:37:00,000 --> 06:37:01,000
apps documents and folders
48556
06:37:02,232 --> 06:37:03,232
to access an app in the dock all you do
48557
06:37:03,832 --> 06:37:04,832
is click on the icon for example safari
48558
06:37:07,120 --> 06:37:08,120
in the screen grab here you just click
48559
06:37:09,592 --> 06:37:10,592
on
48560
06:37:10,480 --> 06:37:11,480
safari
48561
06:37:11,832 --> 06:37:12,832
to open it
48562
06:37:13,120 --> 06:37:14,120
the apps are kept on the left hand side
48563
06:37:14,800 --> 06:37:15,800
of the dock folders documents and
48564
06:37:16,720 --> 06:37:17,720
minimize windows on the right hand side
48565
06:37:20,720 --> 06:37:21,720
to let the user know which application
48566
06:37:22,320 --> 06:37:23,320
is open the dock illuminates the
48567
06:37:24,400 --> 06:37:25,400
applications icon with the dot beneath
48568
06:37:26,320 --> 06:37:27,320
it
48569
06:37:27,360 --> 06:37:28,360
if you have applications really but
48570
06:37:29,040 --> 06:37:30,040
minimized then
48571
06:37:30,960 --> 06:37:31,960
to make a currently running application
48572
06:37:32,552 --> 06:37:33,552
the active one you have to just click on
48573
06:37:34,400 --> 06:37:35,400
that applications icon in the dock
48574
06:37:39,512 --> 06:37:40,512
bootcamp now the bootcamp feature allows
48575
06:37:41,832 --> 06:37:42,832
you to install microsoft windows on your
48576
06:37:44,080 --> 06:37:45,080
mac
48577
06:37:45,512 --> 06:37:46,512
after installing
48578
06:37:47,280 --> 06:37:48,280
microsoft windows you have the option to
48579
06:37:48,960 --> 06:37:49,960
dual boot between mac os and windows
48580
06:37:51,280 --> 06:37:52,280
when you restart
48581
06:37:55,440 --> 06:37:56,440
installation of windows in your mac is
48582
06:37:56,960 --> 06:37:57,960
done through the bootcamper system which
48583
06:37:58,640 --> 06:37:59,640
we've got on the right hand of the
48584
06:38:00,872 --> 06:38:01,872
screen here
48585
06:38:02,480 --> 06:38:03,480
it creates a bootcamp partition and
48586
06:38:04,080 --> 06:38:05,080
downloads software drivers for windows
48587
06:38:08,640 --> 06:38:09,640
so we've looked at mission control
48588
06:38:10,232 --> 06:38:11,232
keychain spotlight icloud gestures
48589
06:38:13,912 --> 06:38:14,912
finder remote disk dock and bootcamp
48590
06:38:17,832 --> 06:38:18,832
that's all for now thanks for watching
48591
06:38:24,590 --> 06:38:25,590
[Music]
48592
06:38:40,800 --> 06:38:41,800
welcome to module 23 lesson four linux
48593
06:38:43,680 --> 06:38:44,680
best practices
48594
06:38:46,232 --> 06:38:47,232
we look at automate
48595
06:38:48,552 --> 06:38:49,552
automation sorry of system
48596
06:38:50,160 --> 06:38:51,160
administration tasks
48597
06:38:51,912 --> 06:38:52,912
damon
48598
06:38:53,360 --> 06:38:54,360
depends on where you are in the world by
48599
06:38:54,872 --> 06:38:55,872
the way these things will be pronounced
48600
06:38:56,640 --> 06:38:57,640
differently demon damon
48601
06:38:59,440 --> 06:39:00,440
schedule backups
48602
06:39:01,440 --> 06:39:02,440
schedule this maintenance
48603
06:39:03,680 --> 06:39:04,680
system updates
48604
06:39:05,360 --> 06:39:06,360
app store
48605
06:39:07,592 --> 06:39:08,592
patch
48606
06:39:08,832 --> 06:39:09,832
management driver firmware updates
48607
06:39:12,320 --> 06:39:13,320
antivirus anti-malware
48608
06:39:16,080 --> 06:39:17,080
all right
48609
06:39:17,912 --> 06:39:18,912
automation of system admin tasks
48610
06:39:21,512 --> 06:39:22,512
there's a bunch of system admin tasks
48611
06:39:23,440 --> 06:39:24,440
such as backup dis maintenance that can
48612
06:39:25,280 --> 06:39:26,280
be automated by scheduling these tasks
48613
06:39:28,080 --> 06:39:29,080
to run at a particular time
48614
06:39:30,080 --> 06:39:31,080
it uses a
48615
06:39:31,512 --> 06:39:32,512
piece of software called the cron daemon
48616
06:39:33,760 --> 06:39:34,760
and other scheduling programs
48617
06:39:38,720 --> 06:39:39,720
a daemon is a non-interactive program
48618
06:39:42,160 --> 06:39:43,160
that runs in the background ready to
48619
06:39:43,832 --> 06:39:44,832
execute an action at a particular time
48620
06:39:46,552 --> 06:39:47,552
or in response to a specific event or a
48621
06:39:49,760 --> 06:39:50,760
condition
48622
06:39:52,800 --> 06:39:53,800
backups can be scheduled using two
48623
06:39:54,320 --> 06:39:55,320
commands the cron tab
48624
06:39:56,400 --> 06:39:57,400
or the at command
48625
06:40:01,912 --> 06:40:02,912
the crontab command is used in as used
48626
06:40:04,000 --> 06:40:05,000
for scheduling backup tasks once or
48627
06:40:05,680 --> 06:40:06,680
repeatedly
48628
06:40:07,120 --> 06:40:08,120
command works by reading a chrome tab
48629
06:40:08,960 --> 06:40:09,960
file that has the list of tasks added to
48630
06:40:11,120 --> 06:40:12,120
it and the chrome will run these tasks
48631
06:40:13,360 --> 06:40:14,360
as per the schedule
48632
06:40:16,000 --> 06:40:17,000
the at command as you can see here is
48633
06:40:18,320 --> 06:40:19,320
used for scheduling backups uh tasks
48634
06:40:20,720 --> 06:40:21,720
once
48635
06:40:24,080 --> 06:40:25,080
tar refers to tape archive command
48636
06:40:28,000 --> 06:40:29,000
tar command can be used to create
48637
06:40:30,000 --> 06:40:31,000
backups
48638
06:40:31,192 --> 06:40:32,192
since the atari command is executed at
48639
06:40:33,440 --> 06:40:34,440
the command line it can be used in shell
48640
06:40:35,680 --> 06:40:36,680
scripts which can be run using a cron to
48641
06:40:38,160 --> 06:40:39,160
perform backups at a specific time
48642
06:40:42,080 --> 06:40:43,080
rsync
48643
06:40:43,192 --> 06:40:44,192
it's a command used to copy files from
48644
06:40:44,872 --> 06:40:45,872
one location to another
48645
06:40:47,040 --> 06:40:48,040
the location can be local or it can be
48646
06:40:49,440 --> 06:40:50,440
remote
48647
06:40:51,280 --> 06:40:52,280
again since it's executed at the command
48648
06:40:53,440 --> 06:40:54,440
line it can be used in shell scripts and
48649
06:40:56,160 --> 06:40:57,160
then run using chrome
48650
06:40:59,192 --> 06:41:00,192
schedule dis maintenance
48651
06:41:01,592 --> 06:41:02,592
disk utilities such as e2 fsck can be
48652
06:41:05,280 --> 06:41:06,280
run on a regular schedule using chrome
48653
06:41:10,800 --> 06:41:11,800
e2 fs ck can be used to check the drives
48654
06:41:14,000 --> 06:41:15,000
or any errors on the drives
48655
06:41:18,400 --> 06:41:19,400
and mounting the disk before checking
48656
06:41:19,832 --> 06:41:20,832
his file system as necessary
48657
06:41:21,912 --> 06:41:22,912
otherwise it could result in damage to
48658
06:41:24,000 --> 06:41:25,000
the file system
48659
06:41:26,960 --> 06:41:27,960
patch management regularly regular
48660
06:41:29,120 --> 06:41:30,120
software updates to your linux are
48661
06:41:30,480 --> 06:41:31,480
necessary because there's a lot of
48662
06:41:31,832 --> 06:41:32,832
exploits and these are discovered on a
48663
06:41:34,160 --> 06:41:35,160
daily basis the same with any other
48664
06:41:36,720 --> 06:41:37,720
patch man patch management
48665
06:41:39,912 --> 06:41:40,912
the young command allows you to download
48666
06:41:41,832 --> 06:41:42,832
and install software updates in rpm
48667
06:41:43,760 --> 06:41:44,760
format from software repositories on the
48668
06:41:47,120 --> 06:41:48,120
internet
48669
06:41:48,400 --> 06:41:49,400
the apt-get is a command tool used to
48670
06:41:50,872 --> 06:41:51,872
install packages from the command line
48671
06:41:53,192 --> 06:41:54,192
using the advanced package tool or apt
48672
06:41:57,680 --> 06:41:58,680
there's also graphical interface
48673
06:41:59,360 --> 06:42:00,360
utilities available on the linux that
48674
06:42:01,592 --> 06:42:02,592
allows us to download software updates
48675
06:42:05,192 --> 06:42:06,192
an example is fedora distribution has a
48676
06:42:08,160 --> 06:42:09,160
gui utility call package kit and we use
48677
06:42:11,120 --> 06:42:12,120
this to download updates
48678
06:42:14,872 --> 06:42:15,872
similar to the app stores in android and
48679
06:42:16,640 --> 06:42:17,640
ios mobile operating systems linux has a
48680
06:42:19,512 --> 06:42:20,512
system that allows us to download the
48681
06:42:21,120 --> 06:42:22,120
latest stable and trusted version of
48682
06:42:23,512 --> 06:42:24,512
software
48683
06:42:25,512 --> 06:42:26,512
uh the an example is the app store in
48684
06:42:28,000 --> 06:42:29,000
ubuntu distribution is called ubuntu
48685
06:42:30,800 --> 06:42:31,800
software center
48686
06:42:35,120 --> 06:42:36,120
i mentioned driveway and firmware before
48687
06:42:37,832 --> 06:42:38,832
you need this to have the software
48688
06:42:40,080 --> 06:42:41,080
running correctly or running at all
48689
06:42:43,360 --> 06:42:44,360
and
48690
06:42:44,320 --> 06:42:45,320
installed in an operating system such as
48691
06:42:46,000 --> 06:42:47,000
linux it lets the device communicate
48692
06:42:47,760 --> 06:42:48,760
with the os
48693
06:42:49,280 --> 06:42:50,280
firmware is available on the device that
48694
06:42:51,912 --> 06:42:52,912
is the software that makes the device
48695
06:42:53,592 --> 06:42:54,592
work
48696
06:42:55,440 --> 06:42:56,440
developed and maintained by the company
48697
06:42:57,120 --> 06:42:58,120
that developed it
48698
06:42:59,040 --> 06:43:00,040
again when you install a particular
48699
06:43:01,680 --> 06:43:02,680
device there may well be a firmware
48700
06:43:03,512 --> 06:43:04,512
update so check that there is one and
48701
06:43:05,912 --> 06:43:06,912
check that it won't cause any problems
48702
06:43:07,440 --> 06:43:08,440
first before installing it
48703
06:43:10,320 --> 06:43:11,320
and many drivers and firmware are
48704
06:43:11,912 --> 06:43:12,912
available as part of the kernel or part
48705
06:43:14,320 --> 06:43:15,320
of the kernel and updated through the
48706
06:43:16,080 --> 06:43:17,080
linux kernel sources
48707
06:43:18,400 --> 06:43:19,400
an example is ubuntu distribution the
48708
06:43:20,720 --> 06:43:21,720
linux image package contains the linux
48709
06:43:23,120 --> 06:43:24,120
kernel and licensed firmware
48710
06:43:27,120 --> 06:43:28,120
if the driver isn't available in linux
48711
06:43:28,720 --> 06:43:29,720
then it has to be manually installed
48712
06:43:30,080 --> 06:43:31,080
using the command line or you can use
48713
06:43:32,080 --> 06:43:33,080
the gui
48714
06:43:34,480 --> 06:43:35,480
you've got less chance of getting a
48715
06:43:36,320 --> 06:43:37,320
virus or malware on linux but it's still
48716
06:43:38,480 --> 06:43:39,480
a target of attackers you need the
48717
06:43:40,720 --> 06:43:41,720
antivirus anti-malware software to
48718
06:43:43,192 --> 06:43:44,192
protect your linux system
48719
06:43:46,400 --> 06:43:47,400
example of some linux viruses are
48720
06:43:54,872 --> 06:43:55,872
you'd also want to have a linux
48721
06:43:56,480 --> 06:43:57,480
antivirus scan on your windows drive or
48722
06:43:59,192 --> 06:44:00,192
to scan drives that you're going to
48723
06:44:00,480 --> 06:44:01,480
center with the people as you don't want
48724
06:44:02,480 --> 06:44:03,480
to actually distribute viruses to others
48725
06:44:06,720 --> 06:44:07,720
an example is their virus on your email
48726
06:44:08,552 --> 06:44:09,552
attachment if your antivirus detects and
48727
06:44:10,872 --> 06:44:11,872
filters an email attachment containing
48728
06:44:12,640 --> 06:44:13,640
the virus then we can prevent that virus
48729
06:44:14,872 --> 06:44:15,872
spreading and infecting a windows
48730
06:44:16,480 --> 06:44:17,480
machine
48731
06:44:18,000 --> 06:44:19,000
there's also a danger of installing
48732
06:44:19,440 --> 06:44:20,440
software that's not available from the
48733
06:44:21,192 --> 06:44:22,192
official distribution channel because it
48734
06:44:23,512 --> 06:44:24,512
could be a malicious linux software
48735
06:44:27,832 --> 06:44:28,832
popular open source antivirus is clam av
48736
06:44:30,232 --> 06:44:31,232
which can be used to detect viruses move
48737
06:44:32,552 --> 06:44:33,552
any infected
48738
06:44:33,832 --> 06:44:34,832
files into a quarantine folder it can't
48739
06:44:36,480 --> 06:44:37,480
remove the virus from infected file zone
48740
06:44:41,912 --> 06:44:42,912
recommends you download regular updates
48741
06:44:44,480 --> 06:44:45,480
to your antivirus database
48742
06:44:48,000 --> 06:44:49,000
so we've looked at automation of system
48743
06:44:49,680 --> 06:44:50,680
tasks daemons
48744
06:44:52,640 --> 06:44:53,640
schedule backups schedule disk
48745
06:44:54,400 --> 06:44:55,400
maintenance
48746
06:44:56,232 --> 06:44:57,232
system updates patch management
48747
06:44:59,040 --> 06:45:00,040
driver firmware updates antivirus
48748
06:45:01,680 --> 06:45:02,680
anti-malware that's all for now thanks
48749
06:45:04,000 --> 06:45:05,000
for watching
48750
06:45:10,790 --> 06:45:11,790
[Music]
48751
06:45:26,552 --> 06:45:27,552
look into module three lesson five linux
48752
06:45:28,960 --> 06:45:29,960
os tools
48753
06:45:30,720 --> 06:45:31,720
i'm gonna look at backup and restore
48754
06:45:32,552 --> 06:45:33,552
image recovery
48755
06:45:35,040 --> 06:45:36,040
disk maintenance screen sharing
48756
06:45:38,160 --> 06:45:39,160
force quit
48757
06:45:42,232 --> 06:45:43,232
there's a large number of uh tools in
48758
06:45:45,280 --> 06:45:46,280
linux that help system administrators
48759
06:45:47,120 --> 06:45:48,120
carry out
48760
06:45:48,400 --> 06:45:49,400
many different tasks such as backing up
48761
06:45:50,320 --> 06:45:51,320
and restoring
48762
06:45:51,760 --> 06:45:52,760
recovering the image disk maintenance
48763
06:45:53,912 --> 06:45:54,912
screen sharing force quit
48764
06:45:58,080 --> 06:45:59,080
backups are generally done at regular
48765
06:46:00,400 --> 06:46:01,400
intervals to
48766
06:46:01,760 --> 06:46:02,760
secure your data
48767
06:46:04,480 --> 06:46:05,480
this is obviously regardless of
48768
06:46:05,912 --> 06:46:06,912
operating system
48769
06:46:07,360 --> 06:46:08,360
a quick backup can be done on removable
48770
06:46:09,680 --> 06:46:10,680
media such as cds dvds and usb flash
48771
06:46:12,960 --> 06:46:13,960
drives
48772
06:46:14,480 --> 06:46:15,480
and there's several utilities in linux
48773
06:46:16,960 --> 06:46:17,960
that connect aid system administrators
48774
06:46:19,440 --> 06:46:20,440
in backing up and obviously restoring
48775
06:46:22,552 --> 06:46:23,552
important data
48776
06:46:24,480 --> 06:46:25,480
uh the linux distribution could have a
48777
06:46:26,800 --> 06:46:27,800
gui based backup application specific to
48778
06:46:29,280 --> 06:46:30,280
your particular distribution
48779
06:46:31,912 --> 06:46:32,912
for example uh linux distribution fedora
48780
06:46:34,720 --> 06:46:35,720
has a backup application called desired
48781
06:46:40,400 --> 06:46:41,400
two common backup commands used in linux
48782
06:46:43,120 --> 06:46:44,120
are tar and rsync which we've actually
48783
06:46:45,512 --> 06:46:46,512
covered earlier
48784
06:46:47,040 --> 06:46:48,040
tar is the tape archive
48785
06:46:50,720 --> 06:46:51,720
i'll just go over these quickly because
48786
06:46:52,000 --> 06:46:53,000
we've already covered them our scene
48787
06:46:53,592 --> 06:46:54,592
copies files from one location to
48788
06:46:55,680 --> 06:46:56,680
another
48789
06:47:00,080 --> 06:47:01,080
image recovery the dd command in linux
48790
06:47:02,232 --> 06:47:03,232
can be used to backup or restore an
48791
06:47:03,832 --> 06:47:04,832
entire hard drive or partition
48792
06:47:07,120 --> 06:47:08,120
you see the command down here in the
48793
06:47:08,872 --> 06:47:09,872
screen capture the hard drive or
48794
06:47:10,720 --> 06:47:11,720
partition can be backed up to an image
48795
06:47:13,760 --> 06:47:14,760
backing up to an image is faster and
48796
06:47:15,760 --> 06:47:16,760
restoring from a
48797
06:47:17,512 --> 06:47:18,512
backed up image is much easier
48798
06:47:21,040 --> 06:47:22,040
creating a dist image is done as shown
48799
06:47:23,440 --> 06:47:24,440
in the following example
48800
06:47:26,320 --> 06:47:27,320
i want to read all that out you can see
48801
06:47:28,320 --> 06:47:29,320
it for yourself
48802
06:47:29,760 --> 06:47:30,760
restoring from this image is done as
48803
06:47:31,760 --> 06:47:32,760
shown in the following example
48804
06:47:36,872 --> 06:47:37,872
third-party tools such as clonezilla can
48805
06:47:39,040 --> 06:47:40,040
also be used to create an image of a
48806
06:47:40,552 --> 06:47:41,552
hard drive or partition
48807
06:47:42,800 --> 06:47:43,800
and to restore it from that image
48808
06:47:45,360 --> 06:47:46,360
maintaining your disk is done by the
48809
06:47:47,912 --> 06:47:48,912
root user
48810
06:47:49,360 --> 06:47:50,360
are usually done on the data disk or not
48811
06:47:51,192 --> 06:47:52,192
on the system disk or partition
48812
06:47:55,680 --> 06:47:56,680
disks on linux are referred to as names
48813
06:47:58,080 --> 06:47:59,080
such as forward slash dev forward slash
48814
06:48:00,832 --> 06:48:01,832
sda1 and you can see an example here on
48815
06:48:04,872 --> 06:48:05,872
the output the screen grab
48816
06:48:09,040 --> 06:48:10,040
these system disks must be mounted to
48817
06:48:10,800 --> 06:48:11,800
mainta mounted to a directory name in
48818
06:48:13,440 --> 06:48:14,440
the file system if you want to access
48819
06:48:15,592 --> 06:48:16,592
them the mount command is used for
48820
06:48:17,512 --> 06:48:18,512
mounting the disk device onto a
48821
06:48:18,960 --> 06:48:19,960
directory or folder name
48822
06:48:21,912 --> 06:48:22,912
normally the system automatically mounts
48823
06:48:23,440 --> 06:48:24,440
the devices listed in the fs tab
48824
06:48:30,800 --> 06:48:31,800
to check what devices are mounted you
48825
06:48:32,400 --> 06:48:33,400
can use the command df minus h
48826
06:48:37,592 --> 06:48:38,592
now each disk has a file system on it
48827
06:48:39,592 --> 06:48:40,592
for example the linux file system is
48828
06:48:41,280 --> 06:48:42,280
called ex2 or ext3
48829
06:48:47,680 --> 06:48:48,680
and we'll use the file system check
48830
06:48:49,760 --> 06:48:50,760
command e2 fsck to check the drive sdb
48831
06:48:55,040 --> 06:48:56,040
for any errors and you can see this on
48832
06:48:57,512 --> 06:48:58,512
the screen capture here
48833
06:49:03,040 --> 06:49:04,040
before you execute the command it's
48834
06:49:04,640 --> 06:49:05,640
necessary to unmount a disk before
48835
06:49:06,640 --> 06:49:07,640
checking the file system
48836
06:49:08,232 --> 06:49:09,232
otherwise and it may damage that file
48837
06:49:11,120 --> 06:49:12,120
system and you can see
48838
06:49:13,192 --> 06:49:14,192
the
48839
06:49:13,912 --> 06:49:14,912
warning down here it's a mounted file
48840
06:49:15,592 --> 06:49:16,592
system
48841
06:49:18,960 --> 06:49:19,960
you will type unmount forward slash dev
48842
06:49:21,680 --> 06:49:22,680
forward slash sdb and then we'll check
48843
06:49:24,320 --> 06:49:25,320
the file system of the sdb command and
48844
06:49:26,872 --> 06:49:27,872
you can see the file there
48845
06:49:28,800 --> 06:49:29,800
this will fix errors in the file system
48846
06:49:30,960 --> 06:49:31,960
of sdb
48847
06:49:32,480 --> 06:49:33,480
if there are no errors then you can
48848
06:49:33,832 --> 06:49:34,832
continue using the disk by mounting it
48849
06:49:35,592 --> 06:49:36,592
again
48850
06:49:41,192 --> 06:49:42,192
shell
48851
06:49:42,232 --> 06:49:43,232
strike terminal
48852
06:49:43,680 --> 06:49:44,680
shells the command line interpreter for
48853
06:49:45,512 --> 06:49:46,512
linux
48854
06:49:46,800 --> 06:49:47,800
all linux commands are executed in shell
48855
06:49:49,360 --> 06:49:50,360
or terminal
48856
06:49:50,720 --> 06:49:51,720
the shell provides a powerful means for
48857
06:49:52,640 --> 06:49:53,640
configuring consequence configuring and
48858
06:49:54,232 --> 06:49:55,232
administrative administrating the linux
48859
06:49:57,360 --> 06:49:58,360
system
48860
06:49:58,872 --> 06:49:59,872
almost every task in linux such as
48861
06:50:00,720 --> 06:50:01,720
installing new software or in
48862
06:50:02,160 --> 06:50:03,160
configuring software can be done from
48863
06:50:04,160 --> 06:50:05,160
the shell
48864
06:50:05,440 --> 06:50:06,440
in a non-desktop linux has no gui so the
48865
06:50:09,192 --> 06:50:10,192
shell can be accessed as soon as a user
48866
06:50:10,960 --> 06:50:11,960
logs in
48867
06:50:12,080 --> 06:50:13,080
and from a text prompt
48868
06:50:14,480 --> 06:50:15,480
in the desktop linux that has gui the
48869
06:50:16,720 --> 06:50:17,720
shell can usually be accessed from the
48870
06:50:18,160 --> 06:50:19,160
system tools which you can see here
48871
06:50:19,832 --> 06:50:20,832
system tools
48872
06:50:21,280 --> 06:50:22,280
and then we click on the terminal
48873
06:50:23,192 --> 06:50:24,192
command there the terminal icon
48874
06:50:27,760 --> 06:50:28,760
screen sharing i think we've already
48875
06:50:29,280 --> 06:50:30,280
covered this actually earlier you can
48876
06:50:30,960 --> 06:50:31,960
share your desktop with remote users
48877
06:50:34,480 --> 06:50:35,480
it allows the remote user at a different
48878
06:50:36,400 --> 06:50:37,400
computer to view and interact with your
48879
06:50:38,080 --> 06:50:39,080
computer with your commission uh
48880
06:50:40,080 --> 06:50:41,080
permission sorry
48881
06:50:41,512 --> 06:50:42,512
useful for troubleshooting or if you
48882
06:50:43,120 --> 06:50:44,120
want to demonstrate a feature or
48883
06:50:45,440 --> 06:50:46,440
something to another user
48884
06:50:48,480 --> 06:50:49,480
uh
48885
06:50:49,680 --> 06:50:50,680
lenox um distribution called fedora uses
48886
06:50:52,480 --> 06:50:53,480
vnc which uh again we've covered earlier
48887
06:50:55,192 --> 06:50:56,192
and i'm sure you may have heard of that
48888
06:50:56,960 --> 06:50:57,960
already
48889
06:50:58,720 --> 06:50:59,720
force quit uh sometimes linux programs
48890
06:51:00,960 --> 06:51:01,960
stop responding and we need to force
48891
06:51:02,552 --> 06:51:03,552
them to stop running
48892
06:51:05,040 --> 06:51:06,040
you can see the kill command here
48893
06:51:07,120 --> 06:51:08,120
actually view the system monitor before
48894
06:51:08,872 --> 06:51:09,872
executing the kill command
48895
06:51:11,592 --> 06:51:12,592
and you can see 2656 is referring to
48896
06:51:15,280 --> 06:51:16,280
the firefox process the kill command
48897
06:51:19,040 --> 06:51:20,040
helps us force quit or terminate a
48898
06:51:20,720 --> 06:51:21,720
process by using its process id number
48899
06:51:26,320 --> 06:51:27,320
now you can see the kill command 2656
48900
06:51:29,440 --> 06:51:30,440
and then you can see that it's killed
48901
06:51:31,440 --> 06:51:32,440
the process in question
48902
06:51:35,280 --> 06:51:36,280
uh the kill or command helps us force
48903
06:51:37,192 --> 06:51:38,192
quit all processes by using its name
48904
06:51:40,400 --> 06:51:41,400
and you can see kill all firefox
48905
06:51:42,552 --> 06:51:43,552
is the command there
48906
06:51:45,512 --> 06:51:46,512
kill all and then the process name
48907
06:51:48,720 --> 06:51:49,720
and you can see again it's gone
48908
06:51:52,320 --> 06:51:53,320
the graphical interface of linux can
48909
06:51:54,720 --> 06:51:55,720
also be used to force quicker process
48910
06:51:57,912 --> 06:51:58,912
all right so we've covered backup and
48911
06:51:59,440 --> 06:52:00,440
restore image recovery disk maintenance
48912
06:52:02,480 --> 06:52:03,480
screen sharing
48913
06:52:04,400 --> 06:52:05,400
force quit
48914
06:52:05,760 --> 06:52:06,760
that's all for now thanks for watching
48915
06:52:12,920 --> 06:52:13,920
[Music]
48916
06:52:28,800 --> 06:52:29,800
welcome to module 23 a lesson six basic
48917
06:52:31,440 --> 06:52:32,440
linux commands
48918
06:52:34,160 --> 06:52:35,160
uh an introduction to basic linux
48919
06:52:36,480 --> 06:52:37,480
commands ls grep cd shut down pwd versus
48920
06:52:41,912 --> 06:52:42,912
password
48921
06:52:44,480 --> 06:52:45,480
mv cprm
48922
06:52:48,552 --> 06:52:49,552
they pronounce it c c h mod chi mod
48923
06:52:51,760 --> 06:52:52,760
depends where you are in the world again
48924
06:52:53,912 --> 06:52:54,912
chown
48925
06:52:55,552 --> 06:52:56,552
iwconfig ifconfig ps su versus sudo
48926
06:53:01,512 --> 06:53:02,512
apt-get
48927
06:53:03,040 --> 06:53:04,040
vi
48928
06:53:03,912 --> 06:53:04,912
dd
48929
06:53:05,440 --> 06:53:06,440
i think uh it's quite important now if
48930
06:53:07,680 --> 06:53:08,680
you want to remember these commands that
48931
06:53:09,040 --> 06:53:10,040
you get your hands on and
48932
06:53:11,280 --> 06:53:12,280
linux somehow
48933
06:53:12,872 --> 06:53:13,872
you can put it on an old laptop i
48934
06:53:15,360 --> 06:53:16,360
suppose you could dual boot as well if
48935
06:53:17,192 --> 06:53:18,192
you wanted get an old pc
48936
06:53:19,592 --> 06:53:20,592
and play with it so you remember these
48937
06:53:22,640 --> 06:53:23,640
commands you don't actually have to use
48938
06:53:24,232 --> 06:53:25,232
it as your main device
48939
06:53:25,912 --> 06:53:26,912
but um if you're expecting to just
48940
06:53:27,440 --> 06:53:28,440
remember these commands off a piece of
48941
06:53:29,512 --> 06:53:30,512
paper or just watching the videos then
48942
06:53:31,760 --> 06:53:32,760
you're going to find it
48943
06:53:33,040 --> 06:53:34,040
quite a lot harder
48944
06:53:35,512 --> 06:53:36,512
so uh the internet as most of the
48945
06:53:37,512 --> 06:53:38,512
servers run in linux or unix-like
48946
06:53:39,680 --> 06:53:40,680
operating systems
48947
06:53:42,000 --> 06:53:43,000
and the power of the linux is actually
48948
06:53:43,440 --> 06:53:44,440
in the command line although you do get
48949
06:53:45,120 --> 06:53:46,120
gooey uh to run a lot of the common
48950
06:53:47,760 --> 06:53:48,760
parts of it if you don't like using the
48951
06:53:49,760 --> 06:53:50,760
command airline
48952
06:53:51,680 --> 06:53:52,680
knowledge of linux commands is essential
48953
06:53:53,592 --> 06:53:54,592
because most of the configuration and
48954
06:53:55,192 --> 06:53:56,192
troubleshooting in linux is done in the
48955
06:53:56,872 --> 06:53:57,872
command line
48956
06:53:58,160 --> 06:53:59,160
most of the day-to-day use as i said you
48957
06:54:00,080 --> 06:54:01,080
could get away with using the gui if
48958
06:54:02,872 --> 06:54:03,872
you're just a casual user
48959
06:54:05,592 --> 06:54:06,592
so ls is command used to list
48960
06:54:08,000 --> 06:54:09,000
directories
48961
06:54:09,680 --> 06:54:10,680
ls without any options will list the
48962
06:54:11,592 --> 06:54:12,592
files in the current directory
48963
06:54:14,800 --> 06:54:15,800
the ls with the dash m option will list
48964
06:54:17,360 --> 06:54:18,360
all of the files in a single line
48965
06:54:21,440 --> 06:54:22,440
ls with the minus x option we'll list
48966
06:54:24,320 --> 06:54:25,320
the files horizontally
48967
06:54:27,760 --> 06:54:28,760
ls with the minus l option we'll show
48968
06:54:30,800 --> 06:54:31,800
more information about these files
48969
06:54:35,760 --> 06:54:36,760
grep is a command used to search
48970
06:54:37,280 --> 06:54:38,280
patterns in a file
48971
06:54:39,592 --> 06:54:40,592
so you can see
48972
06:54:41,120 --> 06:54:42,120
the grep command being used on the
48973
06:54:42,640 --> 06:54:43,640
screen capture on the right for example
48974
06:54:44,552 --> 06:54:45,552
to find a plus in the file
48975
06:54:46,680 --> 06:54:47,680
text.txt we we can use the grep a plus
48976
06:54:50,640 --> 06:54:51,640
text.txt
48977
06:54:53,360 --> 06:54:54,360
and then it will do a search
48978
06:54:56,400 --> 06:54:57,400
cd refers to change directory it's a
48979
06:54:59,040 --> 06:55:00,040
command used to navigate from the
48980
06:55:00,232 --> 06:55:01,232
current directory to a different
48981
06:55:01,592 --> 06:55:02,592
directory in the file system and it's
48982
06:55:03,760 --> 06:55:04,760
the same command actually in dos if any
48983
06:55:06,232 --> 06:55:07,232
if you remember using dos many years ago
48984
06:55:08,960 --> 06:55:09,960
microsoft
48985
06:55:10,720 --> 06:55:11,720
to navigate to a directory type the
48986
06:55:12,232 --> 06:55:13,232
command followed by the directory name
48987
06:55:14,000 --> 06:55:15,000
containing its path
48988
06:55:15,592 --> 06:55:16,592
cd forward slash usr forward slash bin
48989
06:55:18,640 --> 06:55:19,640
for example in this
48990
06:55:20,320 --> 06:55:21,320
screen capture
48991
06:55:22,720 --> 06:55:23,720
shutdown is used to safely shut down
48992
06:55:25,120 --> 06:55:26,120
linux
48993
06:55:27,832 --> 06:55:28,832
syntax is shut down with any options you
48994
06:55:29,912 --> 06:55:30,912
wish duration and then any message
48995
06:55:35,040 --> 06:55:36,040
for example shutdown minus h plus five
48996
06:55:37,680 --> 06:55:38,680
it says system will be shut down in five
48997
06:55:39,440 --> 06:55:40,440
minutes from now
48998
06:55:42,552 --> 06:55:43,552
where minus h is the option to power off
48999
06:55:44,552 --> 06:55:45,552
the system and plus five is the number
49000
06:55:46,080 --> 06:55:47,080
of minutes to wait before the beginning
49001
06:55:48,160 --> 06:55:49,160
of the shutdown the warning message is
49002
06:55:50,320 --> 06:55:51,320
sent to all users to give them time to
49003
06:55:53,120 --> 06:55:54,120
save um any work
49004
06:55:56,552 --> 06:55:57,552
pw
49005
06:55:57,680 --> 06:55:58,680
sorry pwd versus password
49006
06:56:03,760 --> 06:56:04,760
password refers to a print uh working
49007
06:56:06,552 --> 06:56:07,552
directory pwd
49008
06:56:09,360 --> 06:56:10,360
pwd is a command that lets us know the
49009
06:56:11,912 --> 06:56:12,912
current working directory
49010
06:56:14,080 --> 06:56:15,080
for example if you're in a forward slash
49011
06:56:16,552 --> 06:56:17,552
usr forward slash bin
49012
06:56:18,960 --> 06:56:19,960
pwd will show the result as usr forward
49013
06:56:22,872 --> 06:56:23,872
slash pw bin
49014
06:56:28,160 --> 06:56:29,160
past wd is a command used to create a
49015
06:56:30,160 --> 06:56:31,160
password for a new user to assign a
49016
06:56:32,320 --> 06:56:33,320
password you type the command followed
49017
06:56:33,912 --> 06:56:34,912
by the username you can see the screen
49018
06:56:36,080 --> 06:56:37,080
capture here
49019
06:56:40,400 --> 06:56:41,400
pass wd user
49020
06:56:42,552 --> 06:56:43,552
executing the command above will x ask
49021
06:56:45,040 --> 06:56:46,040
us to enter the password for user one
49022
06:56:47,360 --> 06:56:48,360
and to retype the password in order to
49023
06:56:49,440 --> 06:56:50,440
verify it
49024
06:56:53,280 --> 06:56:54,280
mv is a command used to move files or
49025
06:56:55,280 --> 06:56:56,280
directories from one location to another
49026
06:56:57,440 --> 06:56:58,440
source it also used to rename files
49027
06:57:03,512 --> 06:57:04,512
the syntax for moving files and
49028
06:57:05,040 --> 06:57:06,040
directories is as follows
49029
06:57:06,960 --> 06:57:07,960
mv and then the options source and then
49030
06:57:09,440 --> 06:57:10,440
destination
49031
06:57:11,680 --> 06:57:12,680
for example mv the document text dot txt
49032
06:57:16,640 --> 06:57:17,640
dot forward slash backup
49033
06:57:19,360 --> 06:57:20,360
here the text is moved to the directory
49034
06:57:21,040 --> 06:57:22,040
backup and it is deleted from the source
49035
06:57:23,360 --> 06:57:24,360
location
49036
06:57:28,720 --> 06:57:29,720
syntax for renaming files or directories
49037
06:57:32,080 --> 06:57:33,080
is as follows
49038
06:57:33,440 --> 06:57:34,440
mv and the existing file my file name
49039
06:57:35,912 --> 06:57:36,912
and then the new file name
49040
06:57:39,760 --> 06:57:40,760
so for example mv file1.txt
49041
06:57:43,512 --> 06:57:44,512
and then file2.txt
49042
06:57:51,440 --> 06:57:52,440
cp is a command to copy files or
49043
06:57:53,512 --> 06:57:54,512
directories
49044
06:57:55,512 --> 06:57:56,512
syntax is as follows cp source and then
49045
06:57:58,480 --> 06:57:59,480
destination and again you can see this
49046
06:58:00,800 --> 06:58:01,800
in the um
49047
06:58:02,640 --> 06:58:03,640
screen capture there
49048
06:58:06,400 --> 06:58:07,400
for example cp fold to txt
49049
06:58:10,320 --> 06:58:11,320
dot forward slash backup
49050
06:58:16,640 --> 06:58:17,640
here file2.txt is copied to the
49051
06:58:18,872 --> 06:58:19,872
directory backup without deleting it
49052
06:58:20,552 --> 06:58:21,552
from the source directory
49053
06:58:22,960 --> 06:58:23,960
as a result you'll have the same file in
49054
06:58:24,400 --> 06:58:25,400
the source and the destination
49055
06:58:27,832 --> 06:58:28,832
a c p command can also be used to create
49056
06:58:30,480 --> 06:58:31,480
a copy of a file
49057
06:58:33,512 --> 06:58:34,512
for example
49058
06:58:34,760 --> 06:58:35,760
cpfile1.txt file2.txt
49059
06:58:37,912 --> 06:58:38,912
here file2 is created which is an exact
49060
06:58:40,000 --> 06:58:41,000
copy of file1
49061
06:58:41,680 --> 06:58:42,680
as a result you'll have the two files
49062
06:58:43,360 --> 06:58:44,360
with the same content
49063
06:58:45,192 --> 06:58:46,192
and you have to be careful if there's
49064
06:58:47,040 --> 06:58:48,040
already a file2.txt then it'll be
49065
06:58:49,440 --> 06:58:50,440
replaced with the content and contents
49066
06:58:51,512 --> 06:58:52,512
of file1 so you better check what files
49067
06:58:53,832 --> 06:58:54,832
you've got in your directory before you
49068
06:58:55,360 --> 06:58:56,360
do this
49069
06:58:56,960 --> 06:58:57,960
rom is the command used to remove files
49070
06:58:58,872 --> 06:58:59,872
or directories
49071
06:59:00,800 --> 06:59:01,800
so rm and then the file name to be
49072
06:59:02,800 --> 06:59:03,800
deleted you can see the output there
49073
06:59:07,192 --> 06:59:08,192
rmfr1.txt
49074
06:59:12,000 --> 06:59:13,000
the file obviously has to exist in the
49075
06:59:13,680 --> 06:59:14,680
current directory we probably went
49076
06:59:16,000 --> 06:59:17,000
without saying
49077
06:59:17,360 --> 06:59:18,360
to remove a directory the syntax is as
49078
06:59:19,280 --> 06:59:20,280
follows rm options directory name to be
49079
06:59:22,552 --> 06:59:23,552
deleted
49080
06:59:25,832 --> 06:59:26,832
minus d option can be used only if the
49081
06:59:27,760 --> 06:59:28,760
directory is empty
49082
06:59:31,360 --> 06:59:32,360
the minus r option can be used
49083
06:59:34,400 --> 06:59:35,400
used to delete the contents of the
49084
06:59:36,320 --> 06:59:37,320
directory
49085
06:59:39,192 --> 06:59:40,192
example rm minus d test
49086
06:59:42,640 --> 06:59:43,640
here test is a non-empty directory that
49087
06:59:44,552 --> 06:59:45,552
exists in the current working directory
49088
06:59:46,232 --> 06:59:47,232
and we'd like to remove it
49089
06:59:49,120 --> 06:59:50,120
but the rm command with a minus d option
49090
06:59:51,040 --> 06:59:52,040
will fail because the directory is not
49091
06:59:52,872 --> 06:59:53,872
empty
49092
06:59:56,800 --> 06:59:57,800
the our own command with the minus i
49093
06:59:58,480 --> 06:59:59,480
will will successfully delete the
49094
07:00:00,640 --> 07:00:01,640
directory test
49095
07:00:03,680 --> 07:00:04,680
the rmdia command can also be used to
49096
07:00:06,232 --> 07:00:07,232
delete a directory but it can only
49097
07:00:08,232 --> 07:00:09,232
delete an empty directory
49098
07:00:11,440 --> 07:00:12,440
chmod
49099
07:00:13,120 --> 07:00:14,120
it's a command used to modify the
49100
07:00:15,192 --> 07:00:16,192
attributes or permissions of a directory
49101
07:00:18,800 --> 07:00:19,800
these attributes are read write executed
49102
07:00:21,120 --> 07:00:22,120
can be applied to the user group or
49103
07:00:23,360 --> 07:00:24,360
others
49104
07:00:25,192 --> 07:00:26,192
ownership representation is given by the
49105
07:00:27,280 --> 07:00:28,280
following symbols
49106
07:00:29,680 --> 07:00:30,680
you use a g group o others a all
49107
07:00:38,552 --> 07:00:39,552
attributes
49108
07:00:40,160 --> 07:00:41,160
attributes representation is given by
49109
07:00:42,080 --> 07:00:43,080
the following characters
49110
07:00:43,832 --> 07:00:44,832
our read w right
49111
07:00:46,400 --> 07:00:47,400
x execute
49112
07:00:50,960 --> 07:00:51,960
okay the syntax is as follows
49113
07:00:53,760 --> 07:00:54,760
chmod option mode file name
49114
07:00:57,592 --> 07:00:58,592
the mode can be a combination of the
49115
07:00:59,832 --> 07:01:00,832
symbols picked from the following
49116
07:01:02,400 --> 07:01:03,400
ugo a represents the ownership user
49117
07:01:05,360 --> 07:01:06,360
group others and all
49118
07:01:07,592 --> 07:01:08,592
plus minus equals is used to add
49119
07:01:09,832 --> 07:01:10,832
subtract or set the mode
49120
07:01:13,040 --> 07:01:14,040
rwx represents the attitude read write
49121
07:01:15,912 --> 07:01:16,912
and execute
49122
07:01:20,232 --> 07:01:21,232
for example let's say we want to add the
49123
07:01:21,760 --> 07:01:22,760
execute executable permission to a file
49124
07:01:24,800 --> 07:01:25,800
file to txt for everyone then the
49125
07:01:27,280 --> 07:01:28,280
command is gmod
49126
07:01:30,232 --> 07:01:31,232
a plus x
49127
07:01:32,832 --> 07:01:33,832
file2.txt can see in the screen capture
49128
07:01:35,192 --> 07:01:36,192
there
49129
07:01:38,232 --> 07:01:39,232
chow ch own
49130
07:01:40,480 --> 07:01:41,480
this is a command used to change the
49131
07:01:42,480 --> 07:01:43,480
owner of a group
49132
07:01:44,080 --> 07:01:45,080
of a file or directory
49133
07:01:46,800 --> 07:01:47,800
it should be noted that files and
49134
07:01:48,080 --> 07:01:49,080
directories in linux have an owner the
49135
07:01:49,832 --> 07:01:50,832
syntax is cho owner dot group
49136
07:01:54,480 --> 07:01:55,480
file forward slash directory name
49137
07:02:01,120 --> 07:02:02,120
so you want to change the ownership of a
49138
07:02:02,640 --> 07:02:03,640
file file2.txt to user1 then the command
49139
07:02:06,232 --> 07:02:07,232
is user1 file2.txt
49140
07:02:11,360 --> 07:02:12,360
moving on to iw config forward slash
49141
07:02:14,000 --> 07:02:15,000
iefconfig
49142
07:02:16,760 --> 07:02:17,760
iwconfig is a command used to view or
49143
07:02:19,360 --> 07:02:20,360
configure the parameters of a wireless
49144
07:02:21,192 --> 07:02:22,192
network interface
49145
07:02:22,872 --> 07:02:23,872
to view the configuration the syntax is
49146
07:02:25,040 --> 07:02:26,040
as follows iw config interface
49147
07:02:28,872 --> 07:02:29,872
to modify the configuration such as the
49148
07:02:30,800 --> 07:02:31,800
network name we can use the following
49149
07:02:32,320 --> 07:02:33,320
syntax iw config interface
49150
07:02:35,760 --> 07:02:36,760
e double s id and then the name
49151
07:02:41,440 --> 07:02:42,440
so if ethernet one is the wireless
49152
07:02:43,280 --> 07:02:44,280
network interface then to change the
49153
07:02:44,720 --> 07:02:45,720
network name the command is iwconfig
49154
07:02:47,280 --> 07:02:48,280
eth1 e s id home network
49155
07:02:53,280 --> 07:02:54,280
ifconfig refers to the interface
49156
07:02:56,400 --> 07:02:57,400
configurations
49157
07:03:00,232 --> 07:03:01,232
the ipconfig if you were using the
49158
07:03:02,552 --> 07:03:03,552
windows command line
49159
07:03:04,872 --> 07:03:05,872
this command is used to view or modify
49160
07:03:06,720 --> 07:03:07,720
ip configuration such as the ip address
49161
07:03:08,872 --> 07:03:09,872
subnet mask default gateway another
49162
07:03:11,120 --> 07:03:12,120
common ip settings
49163
07:03:13,280 --> 07:03:14,280
the
49164
07:03:14,400 --> 07:03:15,400
syntax is ifconfig and then the option
49165
07:03:19,040 --> 07:03:20,040
so for example to display the details of
49166
07:03:21,040 --> 07:03:22,040
all active network interfaces the
49167
07:03:23,192 --> 07:03:24,192
command is ifc is ifconfig
49168
07:03:26,720 --> 07:03:27,720
to display the details of the network um
49169
07:03:29,680 --> 07:03:30,680
interface ethernet 0 the command is
49170
07:03:31,680 --> 07:03:32,680
ifconfig eth0
49171
07:03:37,440 --> 07:03:38,440
ps refers to process status
49172
07:03:40,640 --> 07:03:41,640
it's a command used to view information
49173
07:03:42,232 --> 07:03:43,232
on the current processes running on the
49174
07:03:44,320 --> 07:03:45,320
linux system
49175
07:03:45,912 --> 07:03:46,912
this command provides information such
49176
07:03:47,912 --> 07:03:48,912
as process id numbers terminal type cpu
49177
07:03:51,192 --> 07:03:52,192
and the name of the command that
49178
07:03:52,320 --> 07:03:53,320
launched the process
49179
07:03:55,832 --> 07:03:56,832
the syntax is as follows ps with options
49180
07:03:59,360 --> 07:04:00,360
example is
49181
07:04:00,640 --> 07:04:01,640
to display the processes of the current
49182
07:04:02,800 --> 07:04:03,800
user use the command ps
49183
07:04:08,800 --> 07:04:09,800
to display all the processes use the
49184
07:04:10,640 --> 07:04:11,640
command pss
49185
07:04:13,592 --> 07:04:14,592
minus ef
49186
07:04:17,680 --> 07:04:18,680
su versus sudo in linux there are two
49187
07:04:19,832 --> 07:04:20,832
ways to run applications that require
49188
07:04:21,512 --> 07:04:22,512
administrative rights
49189
07:04:23,192 --> 07:04:24,192
through the use of su or sudo
49190
07:04:26,320 --> 07:04:27,320
the su command effectively logs in the
49191
07:04:28,232 --> 07:04:29,232
user as the super user or as the root
49192
07:04:30,872 --> 07:04:31,872
this command requires the user to type
49193
07:04:32,872 --> 07:04:33,872
in the root account password to log in
49194
07:04:35,280 --> 07:04:36,280
as the super user
49195
07:04:37,760 --> 07:04:38,760
with the su command the user stays
49196
07:04:39,440 --> 07:04:40,440
logged in as root until the user exits
49197
07:04:43,592 --> 07:04:44,592
the su command with the command the user
49198
07:04:46,080 --> 07:04:47,080
can also switch to any other user
49199
07:04:48,160 --> 07:04:49,160
account
49200
07:04:50,480 --> 07:04:51,480
for example if you execute su mic it
49201
07:04:52,960 --> 07:04:53,960
will prompt you to enter the mike's
49202
07:04:54,720 --> 07:04:55,720
password and with successful login you
49203
07:04:57,120 --> 07:04:58,120
will be switched to mike's user account
49204
07:05:01,192 --> 07:05:02,192
sudo is used when a user wants to run a
49205
07:05:03,040 --> 07:05:04,040
command with root privileges
49206
07:05:05,360 --> 07:05:06,360
this command should be entered before a
49207
07:05:07,280 --> 07:05:08,280
command that requires administrative
49208
07:05:08,960 --> 07:05:09,960
rights and the root privileges exist
49209
07:05:11,120 --> 07:05:12,120
only for that command
49210
07:05:13,280 --> 07:05:14,280
sudo is considered safe because it
49211
07:05:14,800 --> 07:05:15,800
provides root privileges but only when
49212
07:05:17,360 --> 07:05:18,360
needed
49213
07:05:19,040 --> 07:05:20,040
apt-get
49214
07:05:20,800 --> 07:05:21,800
apt stands for advanced package tool
49215
07:05:23,592 --> 07:05:24,592
apt is the package management system of
49216
07:05:26,232 --> 07:05:27,232
linux
49217
07:05:27,592 --> 07:05:28,592
and for example to install packages from
49218
07:05:29,680 --> 07:05:30,680
the command line using apt
49219
07:05:31,760 --> 07:05:32,760
the command is apt get install and then
49220
07:05:34,320 --> 07:05:35,320
package
49221
07:05:37,760 --> 07:05:38,760
vi via editor is also called visual
49222
07:05:40,000 --> 07:05:41,000
editor
49223
07:05:41,280 --> 07:05:42,280
it's a popular text editor in unix type
49224
07:05:43,680 --> 07:05:44,680
systems
49225
07:05:45,192 --> 07:05:46,192
in linux is a free version of why editor
49226
07:05:47,280 --> 07:05:48,280
called vim which stands for vi improved
49227
07:05:53,832 --> 07:05:54,832
there's two modes of operation available
49228
07:05:55,680 --> 07:05:56,680
command mode and insert mode
49229
07:05:58,160 --> 07:05:59,160
every character entered in the command
49230
07:05:59,512 --> 07:06:00,512
mode is a command that does something to
49231
07:06:01,680 --> 07:06:02,680
the text being edited
49232
07:06:04,640 --> 07:06:05,640
every character entered in the insert
49233
07:06:06,232 --> 07:06:07,232
mode is added to the text of the file
49234
07:06:08,080 --> 07:06:09,080
being edited
49235
07:06:11,040 --> 07:06:12,040
to start vi on a file in the command
49236
07:06:13,760 --> 07:06:14,760
line type vi followed by the file name
49237
07:06:16,480 --> 07:06:17,480
for example vimytext.txt
49238
07:06:20,232 --> 07:06:21,232
this command opens my text.txt in vi
49239
07:06:23,360 --> 07:06:24,360
editor
49240
07:06:24,480 --> 07:06:25,480
if the file is already exists otherwise
49241
07:06:27,120 --> 07:06:28,120
it creates a new file name name my
49242
07:06:28,960 --> 07:06:29,960
text.txt so that the user can enter text
49243
07:06:34,480 --> 07:06:35,480
the via editor begins it um in command
49244
07:06:36,872 --> 07:06:37,872
mode so to insert text you have to type
49245
07:06:39,512 --> 07:06:40,512
the i key followed by the text you want
49246
07:06:41,192 --> 07:06:42,192
to enter
49247
07:06:42,872 --> 07:06:43,872
vi also allows you to copy paste and cut
49248
07:06:45,192 --> 07:06:46,192
paste selected lines
49249
07:06:47,120 --> 07:06:48,120
so when the user's done inserting text
49250
07:06:49,440 --> 07:06:50,440
pressing the escape key will switch to
49251
07:06:52,080 --> 07:06:53,080
command mode
49252
07:06:55,360 --> 07:06:56,360
to save the file and exit the via editor
49253
07:06:57,360 --> 07:06:58,360
you have to enter a colon followed by wq
49254
07:07:00,000 --> 07:07:01,000
which stands for write and quit in the
49255
07:07:02,320 --> 07:07:03,320
command mode
49256
07:07:03,680 --> 07:07:04,680
this will save the file and exit the vi
49257
07:07:05,512 --> 07:07:06,512
editor
49258
07:07:08,160 --> 07:07:09,160
dd
49259
07:07:09,440 --> 07:07:10,440
dd is the command line tool mainly used
49260
07:07:11,592 --> 07:07:12,592
to convert and copy files root
49261
07:07:14,320 --> 07:07:15,320
privileges are needed to execute the dd
49262
07:07:16,400 --> 07:07:17,400
command
49263
07:07:17,760 --> 07:07:18,760
the syntax for dd command is as follows
49264
07:07:20,872 --> 07:07:21,872
ddif equals source file name of target
49265
07:07:24,872 --> 07:07:25,872
file name and then any options
49266
07:07:27,832 --> 07:07:28,832
can also be used to backup and restore
49267
07:07:29,440 --> 07:07:30,440
the entire hard drive or partition
49268
07:07:32,080 --> 07:07:33,080
to backup and restore the master boot
49269
07:07:33,912 --> 07:07:34,912
record
49270
07:07:35,280 --> 07:07:36,280
to convert data formats over file from
49271
07:07:37,440 --> 07:07:38,440
ascii to ebcdic
49272
07:07:41,040 --> 07:07:42,040
to create files of fixed size
49273
07:07:44,000 --> 07:07:45,000
to convert cases of files like
49274
07:07:45,512 --> 07:07:46,512
converting a file to uppercase
49275
07:07:48,720 --> 07:07:49,720
all right we've covered a lot here and
49276
07:07:50,160 --> 07:07:51,160
as i said i recommend you do go through
49277
07:07:52,160 --> 07:07:53,160
all of these commands
49278
07:07:53,760 --> 07:07:54,760
on a linux command line
49279
07:07:56,960 --> 07:07:57,960
and have a play with it so we've covered
49280
07:07:58,960 --> 07:07:59,960
ls grep cd shutdown pwd versus password
49281
07:08:04,232 --> 07:08:05,232
mvcp rm
49282
07:08:07,040 --> 07:08:08,040
chi mod
49283
07:08:08,872 --> 07:08:09,872
chon ch own
49284
07:08:10,960 --> 07:08:11,960
iw config versus ifconfig
49285
07:08:14,400 --> 07:08:15,400
ps su versus sudo
49286
07:08:17,280 --> 07:08:18,280
apt-get
49287
07:08:18,640 --> 07:08:19,640
vi
49288
07:08:19,760 --> 07:08:20,760
dd
49289
07:08:21,360 --> 07:08:22,360
all right that's all for now thanks for
49290
07:08:22,960 --> 07:08:23,960
watching
49291
07:08:26,890 --> 07:08:27,890
[Music]
49292
07:08:42,720 --> 07:08:43,720
welcome to module 17 lesson for cloud
49293
07:08:45,120 --> 07:08:46,120
concepts i've mentioned earlier well
49294
07:08:47,592 --> 07:08:48,592
worth doing the comptia cloud essentials
49295
07:08:50,232 --> 07:08:51,232
exam
49296
07:08:51,440 --> 07:08:52,440
because uh cloud computing is just one
49297
07:08:54,160 --> 07:08:55,160
of the core
49298
07:08:55,592 --> 07:08:56,592
subjects that you need to understand as
49299
07:08:57,440 --> 07:08:58,440
a network engineer
49300
07:08:59,192 --> 07:09:00,192
among there's a few others including
49301
07:09:01,120 --> 07:09:02,120
routing virtualization
49302
07:09:06,080 --> 07:09:07,080
probably amazon storage
49303
07:09:08,872 --> 07:09:09,872
routing and switching for example the
49304
07:09:10,960 --> 07:09:11,960
ccna ipv6
49305
07:09:15,512 --> 07:09:16,512
so this is just a real brief taster
49306
07:09:18,872 --> 07:09:19,872
looking at cloud computing
49307
07:09:20,280 --> 07:09:21,280
characteristics on-demand self-service
49308
07:09:23,192 --> 07:09:24,192
broad network access resource pooling
49309
07:09:26,640 --> 07:09:27,640
elasticity measured service
49310
07:09:29,760 --> 07:09:30,760
software as a service platform as a
49311
07:09:32,000 --> 07:09:33,000
service
49312
07:09:33,192 --> 07:09:34,192
infrastructure as a service
49313
07:09:35,440 --> 07:09:36,440
and then private community and public
49314
07:09:38,000 --> 07:09:39,000
clouds on hybrid clouds
49315
07:09:41,592 --> 07:09:42,592
so best thing is to start with the
49316
07:09:43,280 --> 07:09:44,280
definition
49317
07:09:44,480 --> 07:09:45,480
so we can kind of have an agreed kicking
49318
07:09:46,800 --> 07:09:47,800
off point of what cloud computing
49319
07:09:48,800 --> 07:09:49,800
actually is
49320
07:09:51,760 --> 07:09:52,760
now cloud computing from the definition
49321
07:09:54,232 --> 07:09:55,232
is a model for enabling ubiquitous
49322
07:09:57,120 --> 07:09:58,120
convenient on-demand network access to a
49323
07:09:59,512 --> 07:10:00,512
shared
49324
07:10:00,552 --> 07:10:01,552
pool of configurable computing resources
49325
07:10:03,360 --> 07:10:04,360
examples are network servers storage
49326
07:10:06,320 --> 07:10:07,320
applications and services that can be
49327
07:10:08,720 --> 07:10:09,720
rapidly provisioned and released with
49328
07:10:10,232 --> 07:10:11,232
minimal management effort or
49329
07:10:12,552 --> 07:10:13,552
service provider interaction we've all
49330
07:10:15,120 --> 07:10:16,120
used the cloud already if you've used
49331
07:10:16,872 --> 07:10:17,872
any storage for example dropbox
49332
07:10:19,760 --> 07:10:20,760
box dot com i think the call for storage
49333
07:10:23,120 --> 07:10:24,120
any google services for example gmail or
49334
07:10:25,912 --> 07:10:26,912
google documents
49335
07:10:27,760 --> 07:10:28,760
and things like that there's many many
49336
07:10:30,000 --> 07:10:31,000
others
49337
07:10:31,280 --> 07:10:32,280
and are all based on the cloud
49338
07:10:35,680 --> 07:10:36,680
so some characteristics that you need to
49339
07:10:38,480 --> 07:10:39,480
remember these so make sure you note
49340
07:10:40,160 --> 07:10:41,160
them down
49341
07:10:41,120 --> 07:10:42,120
there's five characteristics of cloud
49342
07:10:43,192 --> 07:10:44,192
computing on demand self-service
49343
07:10:46,872 --> 07:10:47,872
broader network access we'll go into all
49344
07:10:49,192 --> 07:10:50,192
of these in more detail
49345
07:10:50,800 --> 07:10:51,800
resource pooling
49346
07:10:52,480 --> 07:10:53,480
rapid elasticity elasticity
49347
07:10:56,080 --> 07:10:57,080
a measured service
49348
07:10:58,320 --> 07:10:59,320
so on demand basically means the user
49349
07:11:00,320 --> 07:11:01,320
can provision
49350
07:11:01,760 --> 07:11:02,760
resources as and when they're needed
49351
07:11:03,592 --> 07:11:04,592
without getting any human assistance so
49352
07:11:06,320 --> 07:11:07,320
you if you needed more memory you
49353
07:11:08,160 --> 07:11:09,160
wouldn't have to log a ticket and you
49354
07:11:10,400 --> 07:11:11,400
wouldn't have to have an engineer
49355
07:11:11,512 --> 07:11:12,512
somewhere
49356
07:11:12,872 --> 07:11:13,872
turn off the server or whatever the
49357
07:11:14,872 --> 07:11:15,872
device is add more physical memory
49358
07:11:17,592 --> 07:11:18,592
reboot it and then answer the ticket as
49359
07:11:19,832 --> 07:11:20,832
you may well have had to do in the
49360
07:11:21,280 --> 07:11:22,280
not-too-distance past you click a button
49361
07:11:24,080 --> 07:11:25,080
and more is available
49362
07:11:26,960 --> 07:11:27,960
when consume when consumers provision
49363
07:11:28,800 --> 07:11:29,800
the resources based on their needs those
49364
07:11:30,960 --> 07:11:31,960
resources are automatically allocated
49365
07:11:34,000 --> 07:11:35,000
from a shared pool
49366
07:11:35,760 --> 07:11:36,760
and the shed pools provided by the cloud
49367
07:11:37,912 --> 07:11:38,912
service provider
49368
07:11:39,680 --> 07:11:40,680
broad network access means that when the
49369
07:11:42,800 --> 07:11:43,800
consumers have provisioned
49370
07:11:44,640 --> 07:11:45,640
the resources they can access these from
49371
07:11:47,280 --> 07:11:48,280
a number of devices workstations laptops
49372
07:11:49,760 --> 07:11:50,760
tablets and mobile devices and mobile
49373
07:11:52,232 --> 07:11:53,232
phones
49374
07:11:54,000 --> 07:11:55,000
resource pooling and the service
49375
07:11:56,232 --> 07:11:57,232
providers resources are shared among the
49376
07:11:59,192 --> 07:12:00,192
consumers on a multi-tenant model
49377
07:12:02,160 --> 07:12:03,160
where consumers get a dynamic allocation
49378
07:12:04,080 --> 07:12:05,080
of resources based upon their needs
49379
07:12:07,192 --> 07:12:08,192
so sometimes
49380
07:12:08,552 --> 07:12:09,552
consumers may need more computer
49381
07:12:10,552 --> 07:12:11,552
resources and other times they meet
49382
07:12:13,360 --> 07:12:14,360
need less so it has to adapt for this
49383
07:12:15,680 --> 07:12:16,680
particular requirement
49384
07:12:17,360 --> 07:12:18,360
and it's um
49385
07:12:19,192 --> 07:12:20,192
resource allocation based upon demand
49386
07:12:23,680 --> 07:12:24,680
rapid elasticity i can't say that word
49387
07:12:26,160 --> 07:12:27,160
elasticity
49388
07:12:28,720 --> 07:12:29,720
now a consumer can be allocated more
49389
07:12:30,720 --> 07:12:31,720
rece me more more resources if needed at
49390
07:12:34,320 --> 07:12:35,320
the same time if for any reason they
49391
07:12:36,080 --> 07:12:37,080
need less because the more you the more
49392
07:12:38,000 --> 07:12:39,000
you need the more you pay obviously
49393
07:12:40,232 --> 07:12:41,232
if you need less then they can be
49394
07:12:41,680 --> 07:12:42,680
downsized to provide whatever
49395
07:12:44,720 --> 07:12:45,720
model you need the resources you need
49396
07:12:48,080 --> 07:12:49,080
so it appears to the consumer that
49397
07:12:49,832 --> 07:12:50,832
there's an actual
49398
07:12:51,592 --> 07:12:52,592
unlimited amount of resources for them
49399
07:12:53,360 --> 07:12:54,360
at any given time
49400
07:12:55,912 --> 07:12:56,912
the
49401
07:12:56,872 --> 07:12:57,872
elasticity provides a lot of savings
49402
07:12:58,800 --> 07:12:59,800
because it's not possible
49403
07:13:00,480 --> 07:13:01,480
when you have a traditional data center
49404
07:13:02,400 --> 07:13:03,400
that you've built and you own you can't
49405
07:13:04,800 --> 07:13:05,800
grow it and shrink it as and when needed
49406
07:13:08,960 --> 07:13:09,960
obviously it's measured just like a
49407
07:13:10,960 --> 07:13:11,960
meter so you're charged based upon your
49408
07:13:13,592 --> 07:13:14,592
um a number of things such as um
49409
07:13:16,552 --> 07:13:17,552
memory you need
49410
07:13:18,320 --> 07:13:19,320
storage and
49411
07:13:20,232 --> 07:13:21,232
bandwidth
49412
07:13:24,720 --> 07:13:25,720
so you get what you pay for which i've
49413
07:13:26,080 --> 07:13:27,080
already said it's
49414
07:13:28,480 --> 07:13:29,480
tracked normally you can log in and you
49415
07:13:30,960 --> 07:13:31,960
can track your use of resources in real
49416
07:13:33,512 --> 07:13:34,512
time as well as historical data looking
49417
07:13:36,800 --> 07:13:37,800
at um
49418
07:13:38,000 --> 07:13:39,000
how much you've used and the projected
49419
07:13:40,720 --> 07:13:41,720
requirements based on previous usage and
49420
07:13:43,360 --> 07:13:44,360
you can see how much you're going to
49421
07:13:45,280 --> 07:13:46,280
have to pay how much you've paid in the
49422
07:13:47,120 --> 07:13:48,120
past
49423
07:13:48,552 --> 07:13:49,552
there's three service models you need to
49424
07:13:50,160 --> 07:13:51,160
be familiar with software as a service
49425
07:13:53,120 --> 07:13:54,120
platform as a service infrastructure as
49426
07:13:55,512 --> 07:13:56,512
a service
49427
07:13:57,512 --> 07:13:58,512
service providers provide the services
49428
07:13:59,440 --> 07:14:00,440
to consumers based on these three
49429
07:14:02,232 --> 07:14:03,232
service models
49430
07:14:03,680 --> 07:14:04,680
so sas swas or sas
49431
07:14:08,552 --> 07:14:09,552
consumers can use the service provider
49432
07:14:10,400 --> 07:14:11,400
software applications and databases over
49433
07:14:12,640 --> 07:14:13,640
a network without the need to install
49434
07:14:14,800 --> 07:14:15,800
any software except for
49435
07:14:17,192 --> 07:14:18,192
a web browser you need to access
49436
07:14:19,912 --> 07:14:20,912
these uh software applications databases
49437
07:14:22,552 --> 07:14:23,552
run on the cloud so imagine you're
49438
07:14:24,552 --> 07:14:25,552
trying to program um some application
49439
07:14:28,160 --> 07:14:29,160
for example or just use a huge amount of
49440
07:14:30,160 --> 07:14:31,160
resources or develop a program you can
49441
07:14:32,640 --> 07:14:33,640
use the provider's resources and scale
49442
07:14:34,720 --> 07:14:35,720
it as and when needed
49443
07:14:36,552 --> 07:14:37,552
it's provided as a shared computing
49444
07:14:38,640 --> 07:14:39,640
resource to the consumers
49445
07:14:40,960 --> 07:14:41,960
it's essentially the aggregation of
49446
07:14:42,552 --> 07:14:43,552
hardware and software
49447
07:14:44,400 --> 07:14:45,400
uh used to support the cloud services
49448
07:14:47,040 --> 07:14:48,040
a few examples you can see there are
49449
07:14:48,800 --> 07:14:49,800
twitter and facebook there's a whole
49450
07:14:50,160 --> 07:14:51,160
bunch of others you can look into if you
49451
07:14:52,400 --> 07:14:53,400
wish though
49452
07:14:53,592 --> 07:14:54,592
in the sas model consumers access the
49453
07:14:56,800 --> 07:14:57,800
shed applications over a network from
49454
07:14:58,720 --> 07:14:59,720
various client devices
49455
07:15:01,760 --> 07:15:02,760
it doesn't give you the ability to
49456
07:15:03,280 --> 07:15:04,280
control and managing the manage the
49457
07:15:05,040 --> 07:15:06,040
underlying cloud infrastructure
49458
07:15:07,440 --> 07:15:08,440
so you can't manage the operating system
49459
07:15:09,360 --> 07:15:10,360
servers
49460
07:15:10,640 --> 07:15:11,640
the network or storage
49461
07:15:12,640 --> 07:15:13,640
and you don't you don't want to anywhere
49462
07:15:14,160 --> 07:15:15,160
you just want to um use it as is
49463
07:15:19,512 --> 07:15:20,512
platform as a service there's an example
49464
07:15:21,360 --> 07:15:22,360
there windows azure which you can look
49465
07:15:23,120 --> 07:15:24,120
into in your own time
49466
07:15:24,872 --> 07:15:25,872
in the platform as a service model
49467
07:15:27,040 --> 07:15:28,040
consumers have the ability to develop
49468
07:15:28,800 --> 07:15:29,800
and deploy software applications on the
49469
07:15:31,192 --> 07:15:32,192
service providers cloud infrastructure
49470
07:15:34,800 --> 07:15:35,800
the service provider typically provides
49471
07:15:36,640 --> 07:15:37,640
a computing platform comprised of the
49472
07:15:38,800 --> 07:15:39,800
operating system and the application
49473
07:15:40,960 --> 07:15:41,960
development environment
49474
07:15:43,120 --> 07:15:44,120
this includes programming languages
49475
07:15:44,800 --> 07:15:45,800
libraries tools databases and web
49476
07:15:46,640 --> 07:15:47,640
servers i recommend you look at the
49477
07:15:48,720 --> 07:15:49,720
amazon
49478
07:15:50,000 --> 07:15:51,000
aws qualifications for more information
49479
07:15:52,552 --> 07:15:53,552
on these
49480
07:15:54,000 --> 07:15:55,000
in the paa s model
49481
07:15:57,040 --> 07:15:58,040
consumers can develop and deploy
49482
07:15:58,480 --> 07:15:59,480
software without the need to maintain
49483
07:15:59,832 --> 07:16:00,832
the operating system so you can imagine
49484
07:16:01,512 --> 07:16:02,512
how convenient this is to fire up an
49485
07:16:03,912 --> 07:16:04,912
instance for example if you're logged
49486
07:16:05,440 --> 07:16:06,440
into the amazon or the google cloud
49487
07:16:08,160 --> 07:16:09,160
and start doing your developing
49488
07:16:10,232 --> 07:16:11,232
it's just so easy and quick
49489
07:16:12,720 --> 07:16:13,720
consumers have control over the
49490
07:16:14,960 --> 07:16:15,960
deployed software application and the
49491
07:16:17,040 --> 07:16:18,040
configuration settings
49492
07:16:19,512 --> 07:16:20,512
it doesn't give you to again and manage
49493
07:16:23,512 --> 07:16:24,512
the control and manage the underlying
49494
07:16:25,512 --> 07:16:26,512
infrastructure
49495
07:16:28,480 --> 07:16:29,480
infrastructure as a service one example
49496
07:16:30,552 --> 07:16:31,552
is amazon ec2 web services
49497
07:16:35,360 --> 07:16:36,360
here consumers access a dedicated
49498
07:16:37,680 --> 07:16:38,680
physical or in most cases a virtual
49499
07:16:40,160 --> 07:16:41,160
machine running on the service providers
49500
07:16:42,640 --> 07:16:43,640
cloud infrastructure
49501
07:16:45,360 --> 07:16:46,360
a lot of people use this for web hosting
49502
07:16:49,120 --> 07:16:50,120
especially wordpress it's quite easy to
49503
07:16:50,720 --> 07:16:51,720
fire up an instance and get it all
49504
07:16:52,160 --> 07:16:53,160
working
49505
07:16:53,440 --> 07:16:54,440
virtual machine typically comes with a
49506
07:16:55,120 --> 07:16:56,120
server operating system
49507
07:16:56,960 --> 07:16:57,960
consumer has complete complete control
49508
07:16:59,040 --> 07:17:00,040
over the os and can control the updates
49509
07:17:03,592 --> 07:17:04,592
um
49510
07:17:04,960 --> 07:17:05,960
you have control over the operating
49511
07:17:06,720 --> 07:17:07,720
system application storage you have
49512
07:17:09,120 --> 07:17:10,120
limited control over the selected
49513
07:17:11,360 --> 07:17:12,360
networking components such as the
49514
07:17:13,440 --> 07:17:14,440
firewall that's protecting your
49515
07:17:14,872 --> 07:17:15,872
particular virtual device
49516
07:17:17,912 --> 07:17:18,912
again you can't control the underlying
49517
07:17:19,680 --> 07:17:20,680
cloud infrastructure probably um neither
49518
07:17:22,552 --> 07:17:23,552
would you want to
49519
07:17:25,280 --> 07:17:26,280
infrastructure as a service you've got
49520
07:17:26,872 --> 07:17:27,872
four models to choose from for iaas
49521
07:17:32,160 --> 07:17:33,160
you've got the private cloud the
49522
07:17:33,592 --> 07:17:34,592
community cloud public and hybrid
49523
07:17:36,800 --> 07:17:37,800
for a private cloud the cloud
49524
07:17:39,360 --> 07:17:40,360
is provisioned exclusively for a single
49525
07:17:41,192 --> 07:17:42,192
organization
49526
07:17:43,120 --> 07:17:44,120
so you get exclusive use of this you
49527
07:17:45,192 --> 07:17:46,192
probably hired a company
49528
07:17:47,192 --> 07:17:48,192
to create all of the infrastructure for
49529
07:17:49,040 --> 07:17:50,040
you and nobody else can have access to
49530
07:17:51,512 --> 07:17:52,512
it in all of your
49531
07:17:53,120 --> 07:17:54,120
offices and remote
49532
07:17:55,040 --> 07:17:56,040
offices will have access
49533
07:17:57,680 --> 07:17:58,680
uh owned operated and managed by the
49534
07:17:59,440 --> 07:18:00,440
organization itself
49535
07:18:01,512 --> 07:18:02,512
by a third party or a combination
49536
07:18:04,960 --> 07:18:05,960
a physical location could be within your
49537
07:18:06,872 --> 07:18:07,872
premises or it could be located
49538
07:18:08,640 --> 07:18:09,640
elsewhere on the cloud
49539
07:18:10,872 --> 07:18:11,872
community it's um provisioned for a
49540
07:18:14,000 --> 07:18:15,000
specific community of consumers from
49541
07:18:16,480 --> 07:18:17,480
organizations that share common concerns
49542
07:18:18,800 --> 07:18:19,800
such as security compliance
49543
07:18:21,120 --> 07:18:22,120
jurisdiction and so on for example would
49544
07:18:23,280 --> 07:18:24,280
be law enforcement
49545
07:18:25,512 --> 07:18:26,512
in this model the cloud infrastructure
49546
07:18:27,040 --> 07:18:28,040
may be owned operated by one or more
49547
07:18:28,800 --> 07:18:29,800
organizations
49548
07:18:30,480 --> 07:18:31,480
by a third party or you could have a
49549
07:18:32,080 --> 07:18:33,080
combination
49550
07:18:34,000 --> 07:18:35,000
the physical location and maybe within
49551
07:18:36,552 --> 07:18:37,552
your premises or it could be located
49552
07:18:38,720 --> 07:18:39,720
elsewhere
49553
07:18:40,480 --> 07:18:41,480
in public cloud it's provision for the
49554
07:18:42,320 --> 07:18:43,320
general public so it can be used by the
49555
07:18:44,552 --> 07:18:45,552
general public
49556
07:18:46,000 --> 07:18:47,000
over a network such as the internet
49557
07:18:49,512 --> 07:18:50,512
and
49558
07:18:50,552 --> 07:18:51,552
the cloud infrastructure could be
49559
07:18:52,000 --> 07:18:53,000
managed by the government businesses
49560
07:18:53,832 --> 07:18:54,832
academia or a combination
49561
07:18:58,480 --> 07:18:59,480
physical location is within the premise
49562
07:19:01,040 --> 07:19:02,040
of the service provider now a hybrid is
49563
07:19:03,592 --> 07:19:04,592
a mixture of any of these
49564
07:19:07,592 --> 07:19:08,592
separate entities but are integrated
49565
07:19:09,192 --> 07:19:10,192
into the benefits for them of the
49566
07:19:11,192 --> 07:19:12,192
multiple deployed models
49567
07:19:14,080 --> 07:19:15,080
example is when the iot organization
49568
07:19:16,080 --> 07:19:17,080
uses a public card as a temporary
49569
07:19:17,912 --> 07:19:18,912
solution
49570
07:19:18,960 --> 07:19:19,960
to me and an excess capacity demand that
49571
07:19:21,832 --> 07:19:22,832
can't be met by their private um setup
49572
07:19:26,480 --> 07:19:27,480
so i've looked at quite a few things
49573
07:19:27,832 --> 07:19:28,832
here you need to make some notes
49574
07:19:29,592 --> 07:19:30,592
obviously because there's a few things
49575
07:19:30,872 --> 07:19:31,872
to remember for the exam
49576
07:19:34,552 --> 07:19:35,552
service models
49577
07:19:36,552 --> 07:19:37,552
software as a service platform
49578
07:19:38,400 --> 07:19:39,400
infrastructure
49579
07:19:39,912 --> 07:19:40,912
private community and public cloud and
49580
07:19:42,400 --> 07:19:43,400
hybrid
49581
07:19:43,512 --> 07:19:44,512
okay that's all for now thanks for
49582
07:19:45,040 --> 07:19:46,040
watching
49583
07:19:48,990 --> 07:19:49,990
[Music]
49584
07:20:05,040 --> 07:20:06,040
welcome to module 17 lesson one
49585
07:20:07,192 --> 07:20:08,192
introduction to virtualization this is
49586
07:20:09,592 --> 07:20:10,592
one of a few
49587
07:20:11,040 --> 07:20:12,040
new topics that have been added to the
49588
07:20:13,192 --> 07:20:14,192
syllabus
49589
07:20:14,480 --> 07:20:15,480
surrounding virtualization and cloud
49590
07:20:17,192 --> 07:20:18,192
computing
49591
07:20:19,912 --> 07:20:20,912
and come to your offer a cloud
49592
07:20:21,912 --> 07:20:22,912
certification actually there's a cloud
49593
07:20:24,320 --> 07:20:25,320
essentials and i think there might be a
49594
07:20:25,912 --> 07:20:26,912
cloud plus
49595
07:20:27,760 --> 07:20:28,760
definitely a cloud essentials because we
49596
07:20:29,512 --> 07:20:30,512
host uh host that course
49597
07:20:32,480 --> 07:20:33,480
all right module objectives the
49598
07:20:33,912 --> 07:20:34,912
definition of virtualization what is a
49599
07:20:36,080 --> 07:20:37,080
virtual machine and the software
49600
07:20:39,192 --> 07:20:40,192
i'm sure you've heard of it actually
49601
07:20:40,480 --> 07:20:41,480
it's the new or one of the very new and
49602
07:20:42,552 --> 07:20:43,552
exciting
49603
07:20:43,680 --> 07:20:44,680
emerging technologies
49604
07:20:45,680 --> 07:20:46,680
that's made life a lot easier for
49605
07:20:47,360 --> 07:20:48,360
network engineers
49606
07:20:49,360 --> 07:20:50,360
and
49607
07:20:50,552 --> 07:20:51,552
companies from a financial and operation
49608
07:20:53,760 --> 07:20:54,760
standpoint and also home users who can
49609
07:20:56,480 --> 07:20:57,480
do a lot more interesting things on
49610
07:20:58,640 --> 07:20:59,640
their um systems at home
49611
07:21:02,080 --> 07:21:03,080
so it refers to the technologies that
49612
07:21:03,912 --> 07:21:04,912
allow a single physical computer or
49613
07:21:06,640 --> 07:21:07,640
server obviously
49614
07:21:08,232 --> 07:21:09,232
environment to operate as multiple
49615
07:21:09,912 --> 07:21:10,912
virtual machines simultaneously
49616
07:21:12,400 --> 07:21:13,400
transforms the physical hardware
49617
07:21:13,832 --> 07:21:14,832
resources into virtual hardware
49618
07:21:16,080 --> 07:21:17,080
resources
49619
07:21:17,680 --> 07:21:18,680
so what you normally have one device
49620
07:21:19,912 --> 07:21:20,912
running one operating system you can
49621
07:21:21,912 --> 07:21:22,912
have depending on how much hardware you
49622
07:21:23,912 --> 07:21:24,912
have and how you apportion it
49623
07:21:26,320 --> 07:21:27,320
and two or more virtual machines
49624
07:21:30,480 --> 07:21:31,480
a virtual machine is an isolated
49625
07:21:32,320 --> 07:21:33,320
software replica of the original
49626
07:21:33,912 --> 07:21:34,912
computer so for all intents and purposes
49627
07:21:36,720 --> 07:21:37,720
it appears as
49628
07:21:38,552 --> 07:21:39,552
a machine in its own right with all
49629
07:21:40,552 --> 07:21:41,552
processor instructions
49630
07:21:42,400 --> 07:21:43,400
and system resources
49631
07:21:44,720 --> 07:21:45,720
so you'll often see
49632
07:21:46,320 --> 07:21:47,320
an image like this where you have a
49633
07:21:47,760 --> 07:21:48,760
physical computer or server and inside
49634
07:21:51,120 --> 07:21:52,120
and it will represent a number of
49635
07:21:52,720 --> 07:21:53,720
virtual machines
49636
07:21:55,832 --> 07:21:56,832
much in the same way as vlans they
49637
07:21:57,832 --> 07:21:58,832
operate in their own right
49638
07:22:00,640 --> 07:22:01,640
as if they're
49639
07:22:02,080 --> 07:22:03,080
an actual machine
49640
07:22:04,080 --> 07:22:05,080
our virtual machines are completely
49641
07:22:05,512 --> 07:22:06,512
separate and independent
49642
07:22:09,120 --> 07:22:10,120
by running an operating system in each
49643
07:22:10,800 --> 07:22:11,800
one it becomes possible to run several
49644
07:22:12,720 --> 07:22:13,720
guest operating systems at the same time
49645
07:22:15,192 --> 07:22:16,192
so you could have um
49646
07:22:17,280 --> 07:22:18,280
microsoft
49647
07:22:18,720 --> 07:22:19,720
linux and other operating systems
49648
07:22:21,512 --> 07:22:22,512
running on the same physical device but
49649
07:22:24,232 --> 07:22:25,232
different virtual devices
49650
07:22:27,440 --> 07:22:28,440
a whole bunch of virtualization software
49651
07:22:29,680 --> 07:22:30,680
around some free some um you have to pay
49652
07:22:32,640 --> 07:22:33,640
for and you get different levels of
49653
07:22:34,720 --> 07:22:35,720
um
49654
07:22:35,912 --> 07:22:36,912
software up to enterprise and obviously
49655
07:22:38,080 --> 07:22:39,080
support contracts
49656
07:22:39,912 --> 07:22:40,912
the software transforms the hardware of
49657
07:22:41,912 --> 07:22:42,912
the computer including the cpu memory
49658
07:22:43,832 --> 07:22:44,832
network adapter into virtual resources
49659
07:22:46,800 --> 07:22:47,800
these are shared amongst virtual
49660
07:22:48,640 --> 07:22:49,640
machines
49661
07:22:51,120 --> 07:22:52,120
it basically provides a layer of layer
49662
07:22:53,440 --> 07:22:54,440
of abstraction so for all intents and
49663
07:22:55,832 --> 07:22:56,832
purposes there's a divide a virtual
49664
07:22:58,160 --> 07:22:59,160
divide between all of these different
49665
07:23:00,232 --> 07:23:01,232
machines
49666
07:23:02,960 --> 07:23:03,960
the layer of abstraction is basically
49667
07:23:04,872 --> 07:23:05,872
there to hide what's happening
49668
07:23:06,800 --> 07:23:07,800
underneath what you can see
49669
07:23:11,120 --> 07:23:12,120
as a result the abstraction provided by
49670
07:23:13,192 --> 07:23:14,192
the software the guest operating systems
49671
07:23:15,680 --> 07:23:16,680
are not tied to the underlying physical
49672
07:23:17,760 --> 07:23:18,760
hardware so this is how we can actually
49673
07:23:19,360 --> 07:23:20,360
get it all to run
49674
07:23:23,912 --> 07:23:24,912
as you have a portability of moving
49675
07:23:25,592 --> 07:23:26,592
virtual machines from one physical
49676
07:23:27,192 --> 07:23:28,192
computer to another physical computer if
49677
07:23:29,512 --> 07:23:30,512
you so wish
49678
07:23:30,872 --> 07:23:31,872
great if you want to do testing
49679
07:23:32,912 --> 07:23:33,912
interoperability stress testing
49680
07:23:35,832 --> 07:23:36,832
or just practicing even if you want to
49681
07:23:37,832 --> 07:23:38,832
do some
49682
07:23:38,872 --> 07:23:39,872
install various operating systems onto
49683
07:23:41,360 --> 07:23:42,360
one device in order to practice for
49684
07:23:43,680 --> 07:23:44,680
exams or job interviews
49685
07:23:46,552 --> 07:23:47,552
so this is just an overview we've got
49686
07:23:48,160 --> 07:23:49,160
more to cover in the following
49687
07:23:49,760 --> 07:23:50,760
presentations what is virtualization
49688
07:23:52,800 --> 07:23:53,800
the virtual machine the software that's
49689
07:23:55,280 --> 07:23:56,280
all for now thanks for watching
49690
07:24:02,120 --> 07:24:03,120
[Music]
49691
07:24:18,000 --> 07:24:19,000
welcome to module 17 lesson two
49692
07:24:20,720 --> 07:24:21,720
virtualization components and software
49693
07:24:23,040 --> 07:24:24,040
defined networking or
49694
07:24:24,832 --> 07:24:25,832
sdn for short
49695
07:24:28,232 --> 07:24:29,232
we're looking at virtual networking
49696
07:24:29,912 --> 07:24:30,912
virtual network adapters a virtual
49697
07:24:33,280 --> 07:24:34,280
switch virtual router
49698
07:24:36,552 --> 07:24:37,552
virtual router v via rv rrp
49699
07:24:40,480 --> 07:24:41,480
the virtual firewall
49700
07:24:42,232 --> 07:24:43,232
and sdn
49701
07:24:44,400 --> 07:24:45,400
and while we would want to use stn
49702
07:24:49,440 --> 07:24:50,440
so a virtual network is a system in
49703
07:24:51,280 --> 07:24:52,280
which the following is true you've got
49704
07:24:53,192 --> 07:24:54,192
two or more virtual machines connected
49705
07:24:55,120 --> 07:24:56,120
logically to one another they can each
49706
07:24:57,832 --> 07:24:58,832
send receive data as if they were
49707
07:25:00,480 --> 07:25:01,480
operating as physical devices
49708
07:25:04,160 --> 07:25:05,160
i've got an example here esxi which is
49709
07:25:06,800 --> 07:25:07,800
software available from vmware i think
49710
07:25:10,480 --> 07:25:11,480
they do offer some free software i
49711
07:25:12,160 --> 07:25:13,160
haven't checked us to
49712
07:25:13,832 --> 07:25:14,832
which um is free for home use or
49713
07:25:17,192 --> 07:25:18,192
commercial use
49714
07:25:18,872 --> 07:25:19,872
and i recommend you check out the vmware
49715
07:25:21,960 --> 07:25:22,960
certifications on
49716
07:25:23,760 --> 07:25:24,760
howtonetwork.com
49717
07:25:26,232 --> 07:25:27,232
uh they're very relevant for modern day
49718
07:25:28,552 --> 07:25:29,552
networking
49719
07:25:30,480 --> 07:25:31,480
so they can certainly receive their data
49720
07:25:32,320 --> 07:25:33,320
from each other the virtual network
49721
07:25:34,400 --> 07:25:35,400
adapter is a software implementation of
49722
07:25:36,552 --> 07:25:37,552
a physical network adapter which i'm
49723
07:25:38,640 --> 07:25:39,640
sure comes as no surprise
49724
07:25:40,800 --> 07:25:41,800
so you have a physical adapter but the
49725
07:25:42,400 --> 07:25:43,400
virtual one is acting in exactly the
49726
07:25:44,480 --> 07:25:45,480
same mother and same manner sorry
49727
07:25:47,912 --> 07:25:48,912
and you've got an immediate diagram here
49728
07:25:49,832 --> 07:25:50,832
of a physical network card
49729
07:25:52,320 --> 07:25:53,320
and and then you've working as a subset
49730
07:25:55,832 --> 07:25:56,832
of this is your virtual machine they're
49731
07:25:58,080 --> 07:25:59,080
running virtual network cards
49732
07:26:00,320 --> 07:26:01,320
and virtual machines on top of that
49733
07:26:02,960 --> 07:26:03,960
the virtual network card interface is a
49734
07:26:04,960 --> 07:26:05,960
virtual machine to the network
49735
07:26:07,192 --> 07:26:08,192
they can have uh one or more virtual
49736
07:26:10,080 --> 07:26:11,080
nics nics or v-necks
49737
07:26:13,280 --> 07:26:14,280
each such vmix has its own mac address
49738
07:26:15,360 --> 07:26:16,360
it needs to follow the same rules as
49739
07:26:16,800 --> 07:26:17,800
physical networking so i need to have a
49740
07:26:18,552 --> 07:26:19,552
unique mac
49741
07:26:20,160 --> 07:26:21,160
a virtual network card in a um virtual
49742
07:26:23,912 --> 07:26:24,912
machine you still have to configure it
49743
07:26:26,160 --> 07:26:27,160
all the same rules apply it's just the
49744
07:26:28,232 --> 07:26:29,232
fact that it isn't operating physically
49745
07:26:31,512 --> 07:26:32,512
so you couldn't go and see and
49746
07:26:33,040 --> 07:26:34,040
physically plug and unplug cables
49747
07:26:35,912 --> 07:26:36,912
a virtual switch or v-switch is a
49748
07:26:37,832 --> 07:26:38,832
software version of a physical switch
49749
07:26:40,720 --> 07:26:41,720
it's got network ports similar to the
49750
07:26:42,720 --> 07:26:43,720
rj45 connectors you have
49751
07:26:45,040 --> 07:26:46,040
and one
49752
07:26:47,080 --> 07:26:48,080
1016 virtual ports this all depends on
49753
07:26:49,912 --> 07:26:50,912
your software and hardware platform
49754
07:26:51,592 --> 07:26:52,592
you're putting it on there's a limit of
49755
07:26:54,592 --> 07:26:55,592
4088 ports on all virtual switches on
49756
07:26:58,000 --> 07:26:59,000
the vmware esxi host
49757
07:27:01,040 --> 07:27:02,040
different vendors may well have
49758
07:27:02,960 --> 07:27:03,960
different um capabilities and
49759
07:27:05,912 --> 07:27:06,912
rules to follow
49760
07:27:07,832 --> 07:27:08,832
a virtual send switch can send
49761
07:27:10,552 --> 07:27:11,552
network traffic between virtual machines
49762
07:27:12,400 --> 07:27:13,400
on the same host or from virtual
49763
07:27:14,480 --> 07:27:15,480
machines to an external network that's
49764
07:27:16,552 --> 07:27:17,552
outside the virtual virtualized hosts
49765
07:27:19,592 --> 07:27:20,592
you can then go to youtube and check on
49766
07:27:21,440 --> 07:27:22,440
videos on how to check a virtual
49767
07:27:24,080 --> 07:27:25,080
device to a
49768
07:27:25,912 --> 07:27:26,912
live network
49769
07:27:27,440 --> 07:27:28,440
and a lot of the time you do it for home
49770
07:27:29,120 --> 07:27:30,120
use to overcome um
49771
07:27:31,832 --> 07:27:32,832
limitations when you're trying to get
49772
07:27:33,592 --> 07:27:34,592
different bits of software and hardware
49773
07:27:35,192 --> 07:27:36,192
to work for certification exams it's
49774
07:27:38,232 --> 07:27:39,232
quite common
49775
07:27:39,912 --> 07:27:40,912
virtual switch joins a network with a
49776
07:27:41,592 --> 07:27:42,592
physical network when it connects to a
49777
07:27:43,912 --> 07:27:44,912
physical switch using um physical
49778
07:27:46,640 --> 07:27:47,640
network adapters
49779
07:27:48,960 --> 07:27:49,960
now you can also get virtual routers a
49780
07:27:51,192 --> 07:27:52,192
software version of a physical router
49781
07:27:53,120 --> 07:27:54,120
obviously performs your layer 3 packet
49782
07:27:55,512 --> 07:27:56,512
forward in between
49783
07:27:57,680 --> 07:27:58,680
your
49784
07:27:58,800 --> 07:27:59,800
subnets or lans
49785
07:28:01,192 --> 07:28:02,192
and
49786
07:28:02,232 --> 07:28:03,232
vlans obviously you need layer 3
49787
07:28:05,440 --> 07:28:06,440
capability of some sort
49788
07:28:07,512 --> 07:28:08,512
a virtual router via vrrp which we
49789
07:28:10,320 --> 07:28:11,320
covered that protocol earlier
49790
07:28:13,192 --> 07:28:14,192
a virtual route is implemented when you
49791
07:28:15,280 --> 07:28:16,280
use vrrp
49792
07:28:16,800 --> 07:28:17,800
to provide redundancy of the default
49793
07:28:19,120 --> 07:28:20,120
gateway so all the hosts still have ip
49794
07:28:21,912 --> 07:28:22,912
connectivity
49795
07:28:23,512 --> 07:28:24,512
it's backed by two or more physical
49796
07:28:25,040 --> 07:28:26,040
routers depending on the protocol you
49797
07:28:26,872 --> 07:28:27,872
can have two or three
49798
07:28:29,192 --> 07:28:30,192
i'm not sure what the limit is actually
49799
07:28:31,040 --> 07:28:32,040
depends on the protocol in it just
49800
07:28:32,800 --> 07:28:33,800
change
49801
07:28:35,360 --> 07:28:36,360
uh why use a virtual router provides the
49802
07:28:37,760 --> 07:28:38,760
same routing function
49803
07:28:39,440 --> 07:28:40,440
functionality but it's virtual so you've
49804
07:28:41,680 --> 07:28:42,680
got all the advantages of costs
49805
07:28:45,512 --> 07:28:46,512
virtual firewalls they're mentioned
49806
07:28:48,320 --> 07:28:49,320
again in the cisco syllabus probably
49807
07:28:51,192 --> 07:28:52,192
definitely the ccna routing briefly but
49808
07:28:53,912 --> 07:28:54,912
i would imagine in the ccna security in
49809
07:28:55,912 --> 07:28:56,912
a lot more detail
49810
07:28:57,440 --> 07:28:58,440
so it's a virtual version of an actual
49811
07:28:59,280 --> 07:29:00,280
firewall
49812
07:29:00,480 --> 07:29:01,480
it's either implemented as a follower or
49813
07:29:02,232 --> 07:29:03,232
within a virtual machine or as an
49814
07:29:04,232 --> 07:29:05,232
appliance it provides security to your
49815
07:29:06,320 --> 07:29:07,320
virtual
49816
07:29:07,440 --> 07:29:08,440
environment
49817
07:29:08,800 --> 07:29:09,800
does exactly the same job as the
49818
07:29:10,800 --> 07:29:11,800
hardware firewall
49819
07:29:13,360 --> 07:29:14,360
i'm just moving on to sdn now it's um
49820
07:29:17,440 --> 07:29:18,440
a big topic and it's been introduced
49821
07:29:19,592 --> 07:29:20,592
into the new
49822
07:29:20,960 --> 07:29:21,960
cisco ccna exam
49823
07:29:23,192 --> 07:29:24,192
and i would imagine um
49824
07:29:25,592 --> 07:29:26,592
it's going to have more and more
49825
07:29:26,640 --> 07:29:27,640
prominence over the years to come
49826
07:29:28,000 --> 07:29:29,000
because cisco have invested heavily in
49827
07:29:31,040 --> 07:29:32,040
sdn and there's a lot of um some open
49828
07:29:34,400 --> 07:29:35,400
standards that have had a huge uptake as
49829
07:29:36,872 --> 07:29:37,872
well
49830
07:29:38,320 --> 07:29:39,320
it provides um
49831
07:29:40,000 --> 07:29:41,000
a high level administration uh
49832
07:29:42,080 --> 07:29:43,080
capability to network admins it allows
49833
07:29:44,960 --> 07:29:45,960
you to manage your entire network
49834
07:29:46,800 --> 07:29:47,800
through a user interface that abstracts
49835
07:29:49,440 --> 07:29:50,440
the complexity so you wouldn't
49836
07:29:52,552 --> 07:29:53,552
necessarily need to understand all the
49837
07:29:54,552 --> 07:29:55,552
underlying commands that have been
49838
07:29:55,912 --> 07:29:56,912
executed
49839
07:29:57,360 --> 07:29:58,360
and how it all works
49840
07:29:59,512 --> 07:30:00,512
and
49841
07:30:00,960 --> 07:30:01,960
just to manage it if you're using sdn
49842
07:30:03,360 --> 07:30:04,360
obviously it helps if you're to be a
49843
07:30:04,872 --> 07:30:05,872
network engineer that you actually
49844
07:30:06,160 --> 07:30:07,160
understand what's happening
49845
07:30:08,000 --> 07:30:09,000
but um
49846
07:30:09,360 --> 07:30:10,360
now i suppose it's like managing your
49847
07:30:11,592 --> 07:30:12,592
car
49848
07:30:12,640 --> 07:30:13,640
they've got all these different settings
49849
07:30:14,080 --> 07:30:15,080
on the onboard computers that change
49850
07:30:16,080 --> 07:30:17,080
your
49851
07:30:16,960 --> 07:30:17,960
handling and your engine performance and
49852
07:30:19,280 --> 07:30:20,280
all that kind of thing you can turn
49853
07:30:21,192 --> 07:30:22,192
different controls on or off like
49854
07:30:22,800 --> 07:30:23,800
traction control and you don't
49855
07:30:25,280 --> 07:30:26,280
necessarily need to worry about how it
49856
07:30:27,040 --> 07:30:28,040
all works
49857
07:30:31,280 --> 07:30:32,280
all right sdns are used to control the
49858
07:30:33,280 --> 07:30:34,280
operation and network devices um
49859
07:30:36,232 --> 07:30:37,232
look into more i think cisco i'm not
49860
07:30:39,192 --> 07:30:40,192
sure which ccna version maybe data
49861
07:30:41,760 --> 07:30:42,760
center that looks into any more details
49862
07:30:44,800 --> 07:30:45,800
but there's a whole bunch of um controls
49863
07:30:47,832 --> 07:30:48,832
and formats that have to manage
49864
07:30:50,232 --> 07:30:51,232
your um
49865
07:30:52,080 --> 07:30:53,080
interface between your network the user
49866
07:30:54,720 --> 07:30:55,720
and all of your devices
49867
07:30:56,552 --> 07:30:57,552
and apis to name a1
49868
07:31:00,480 --> 07:31:01,480
so examples of sdns are cisco open
49869
07:31:03,040 --> 07:31:04,040
network environment
49870
07:31:04,872 --> 07:31:05,872
nikira's network virtualization platform
49871
07:31:08,080 --> 07:31:09,080
why bother it basically makes your life
49872
07:31:10,400 --> 07:31:11,400
a lot easier as the network
49873
07:31:11,832 --> 07:31:12,832
administrator you can interact with your
49874
07:31:14,160 --> 07:31:15,160
entire network without having to
49875
07:31:16,232 --> 07:31:17,232
actually
49876
07:31:17,120 --> 07:31:18,120
connect or via telnet or physically
49877
07:31:19,680 --> 07:31:20,680
connect to your devices or even
49878
07:31:21,680 --> 07:31:22,680
understand all the
49879
07:31:23,360 --> 07:31:24,360
different commands say if you're using
49880
07:31:26,720 --> 07:31:27,720
juniper hardware it's got one type of um
49881
07:31:31,120 --> 07:31:32,120
command line interface for um copyright
49882
07:31:34,400 --> 07:31:35,400
reasons
49883
07:31:35,440 --> 07:31:36,440
your hawaii
49884
07:31:36,960 --> 07:31:37,960
and cisco
49885
07:31:39,120 --> 07:31:40,120
all got different command lines
49886
07:31:40,720 --> 07:31:41,720
different commands all to achieve the
49887
07:31:42,552 --> 07:31:43,552
same thing so you don't you don't need
49888
07:31:44,080 --> 07:31:45,080
to worry about that if you're using sdm
49889
07:31:47,592 --> 07:31:48,592
so get get rid of the command line some
49890
07:31:50,400 --> 07:31:51,400
of the benefits again the graphical user
49891
07:31:52,800 --> 07:31:53,800
interface provides information about
49892
07:31:54,960 --> 07:31:55,960
what's going on with your network
49893
07:31:57,512 --> 07:31:58,512
it allows you to specify changes and
49894
07:32:00,080 --> 07:32:01,080
behind the scenes the actual
49895
07:32:01,192 --> 07:32:02,192
configurations are done with the
49896
07:32:02,960 --> 07:32:03,960
interface one of the apis between the
49897
07:32:05,680 --> 07:32:06,680
software and the hardware
49898
07:32:08,800 --> 07:32:09,800
all right so just an overview we looked
49899
07:32:10,480 --> 07:32:11,480
at virtual networking the virtual
49900
07:32:12,232 --> 07:32:13,232
adapters virtual switches and routers
49901
07:32:15,280 --> 07:32:16,280
vrrp
49902
07:32:17,360 --> 07:32:18,360
firewalls and software defined
49903
07:32:19,040 --> 07:32:20,040
networking and why why would we be
49904
07:32:21,192 --> 07:32:22,192
interested in using it
49905
07:32:22,960 --> 07:32:23,960
so that's all thanks for watching
49906
07:32:29,990 --> 07:32:30,990
[Music]
49907
07:32:45,680 --> 07:32:46,680
module 25 lesson one server roles
49908
07:32:51,040 --> 07:32:52,040
module objectives server roles a list of
49909
07:32:53,760 --> 07:32:54,760
server roles
49910
07:32:55,440 --> 07:32:56,440
web server file server print server
49911
07:32:58,720 --> 07:32:59,720
dhcp
49912
07:33:00,320 --> 07:33:01,320
dns
49913
07:33:01,680 --> 07:33:02,680
proxy
49914
07:33:03,120 --> 07:33:04,120
mail server and authentication
49915
07:33:06,800 --> 07:33:07,800
so server roles refer to the main
49916
07:33:09,120 --> 07:33:10,120
function performed by a server operating
49917
07:33:11,040 --> 07:33:12,040
system such as windows 2008
49918
07:33:14,552 --> 07:33:15,552
in a client server model
49919
07:33:16,720 --> 07:33:17,720
you can have a server performing
49920
07:33:18,800 --> 07:33:19,800
multiple roles and certainly for a small
49921
07:33:20,872 --> 07:33:21,872
office
49922
07:33:21,912 --> 07:33:22,912
that could be the preferred solution and
49923
07:33:24,640 --> 07:33:25,640
then obviously they could scale up to
49924
07:33:27,192 --> 07:33:28,192
two or more servers as the um staff grow
49925
07:33:30,872 --> 07:33:31,872
the network grows and the requirements
49926
07:33:32,640 --> 07:33:33,640
grow
49927
07:33:35,120 --> 07:33:36,120
so
49928
07:33:36,552 --> 07:33:37,552
i've covered this already
49929
07:33:39,120 --> 07:33:40,120
web server when the server operating
49930
07:33:40,872 --> 07:33:41,872
system performs a role of a web server
49931
07:33:42,800 --> 07:33:43,800
it stores processes and delivers web
49932
07:33:44,640 --> 07:33:45,640
pages to clients
49933
07:33:46,400 --> 07:33:47,400
that request these web pages this could
49934
07:33:48,720 --> 07:33:49,720
be
49935
07:33:49,592 --> 07:33:50,592
an intranet so an internal server
49936
07:33:52,160 --> 07:33:53,160
hosting training websites and company
49937
07:33:54,872 --> 07:33:55,872
information and policies and procedures
49938
07:33:57,680 --> 07:33:58,680
and a blog
49939
07:33:59,280 --> 07:34:00,280
and or it could be an external website
49940
07:34:01,832 --> 07:34:02,832
for access by customers where you
49941
07:34:03,912 --> 07:34:04,912
actually host
49942
07:34:05,440 --> 07:34:06,440
um your own web pages and certainly the
49943
07:34:07,592 --> 07:34:08,592
larger companies
49944
07:34:09,360 --> 07:34:10,360
have their own web team and because
49945
07:34:11,680 --> 07:34:12,680
they're obviously companies like cisco
49946
07:34:13,832 --> 07:34:14,832
and microsoft have got many thousands of
49947
07:34:16,232 --> 07:34:17,232
pages and they're split off into
49948
07:34:17,760 --> 07:34:18,760
different domains for supports and sales
49949
07:34:20,080 --> 07:34:21,080
and
49950
07:34:21,040 --> 07:34:22,040
technical documentation
49951
07:34:24,720 --> 07:34:25,720
the communication between clients and
49952
07:34:26,552 --> 07:34:27,552
the server happens through
49953
07:34:28,680 --> 07:34:29,680
http
49954
07:34:30,480 --> 07:34:31,480
which works on port 80 tcp
49955
07:34:34,400 --> 07:34:35,400
on the client computer the browser
49956
07:34:36,160 --> 07:34:37,160
requests the web page is using the http
49957
07:34:38,800 --> 07:34:39,800
protocol and in response the web server
49958
07:34:41,360 --> 07:34:42,360
delivers the content or displays an
49959
07:34:43,512 --> 07:34:44,512
error message the standard error
49960
07:34:45,680 --> 07:34:46,680
messages available
49961
07:34:49,832 --> 07:34:50,832
file server when the server operating
49962
07:34:52,000 --> 07:34:53,000
system performs the role of a file
49963
07:34:53,912 --> 07:34:54,912
server it provides shared storage in the
49964
07:34:56,960 --> 07:34:57,960
host computer for storing files
49965
07:34:58,640 --> 07:34:59,640
documents images
49966
07:35:00,400 --> 07:35:01,400
these can obviously each folder has
49967
07:35:02,320 --> 07:35:03,320
different security settings it can be
49968
07:35:04,080 --> 07:35:05,080
available to
49969
07:35:05,512 --> 07:35:06,512
one person or a group of people and
49970
07:35:08,000 --> 07:35:09,000
these people can have privileges just to
49971
07:35:10,080 --> 07:35:11,080
view or um edit documents or they could
49972
07:35:13,040 --> 07:35:14,040
be the administrator where they can
49973
07:35:15,120 --> 07:35:16,120
delete and add new stuff
49974
07:35:18,552 --> 07:35:19,552
server operating is a print server it
49975
07:35:20,552 --> 07:35:21,552
allows sharing of one or more printers
49976
07:35:22,160 --> 07:35:23,160
among the clients computers over a
49977
07:35:24,000 --> 07:35:25,000
network
49978
07:35:25,680 --> 07:35:26,680
print server accepts a print job and
49979
07:35:27,360 --> 07:35:28,360
sends his print jobs to the appropriate
49980
07:35:29,760 --> 07:35:30,760
printers connected to the network
49981
07:35:32,320 --> 07:35:33,320
a print server can also be be a
49982
07:35:34,320 --> 07:35:35,320
dedicated device on the lan with
49983
07:35:36,232 --> 07:35:37,232
connections to the lan and the shed
49984
07:35:38,232 --> 07:35:39,232
printers
49985
07:35:40,872 --> 07:35:41,872
print servers will use industry standard
49986
07:35:42,552 --> 07:35:43,552
protocols such as internet printing
49987
07:35:44,232 --> 07:35:45,232
protocol
49988
07:35:46,080 --> 07:35:47,080
dhcp server
49989
07:35:48,800 --> 07:35:49,800
it assigns ip addresses under the ip
49990
07:35:52,080 --> 07:35:53,080
information such as default gateway
49991
07:35:54,800 --> 07:35:55,800
to clients
49992
07:35:57,280 --> 07:35:58,280
and you configure a dhcp server you can
49993
07:36:00,000 --> 07:36:01,000
actually configure a router as a dhcp
49994
07:36:02,232 --> 07:36:03,232
server also although it's not
49995
07:36:03,912 --> 07:36:04,912
specifically designed for that and
49996
07:36:07,440 --> 07:36:08,440
the
49997
07:36:08,160 --> 07:36:09,160
the software on the dhcp server will
49998
07:36:10,800 --> 07:36:11,800
allocate the ip addresses and other ip
49999
07:36:13,120 --> 07:36:14,120
information you can set a range of
50000
07:36:15,760 --> 07:36:16,760
addresses within the network you can
50001
07:36:17,592 --> 07:36:18,592
exclude addresses you can decide when
50002
07:36:21,592 --> 07:36:22,592
the um
50003
07:36:22,960 --> 07:36:23,960
host needs to request
50004
07:36:25,760 --> 07:36:26,760
a refresh or a new ip address
50005
07:36:27,832 --> 07:36:28,832
information
50006
07:36:31,120 --> 07:36:32,120
i already mentioned this
50007
07:36:33,360 --> 07:36:34,360
other information such as dns servers
50008
07:36:35,512 --> 07:36:36,512
and default gateways i've already
50009
07:36:36,872 --> 07:36:37,872
mentioned
50010
07:36:37,832 --> 07:36:38,832
the dns server hosts information that
50011
07:36:39,912 --> 07:36:40,912
allows the clients to resolve the name
50012
07:36:42,640 --> 07:36:43,640
of a
50013
07:36:44,320 --> 07:36:45,320
website for example to an ip address
50014
07:36:47,280 --> 07:36:48,280
generally speaking we don't care what
50015
07:36:49,360 --> 07:36:50,360
the ip address is of certain web pages
50016
07:36:52,080 --> 07:36:53,080
we'll type in cisco.com
50017
07:36:54,400 --> 07:36:55,400
or comptia.com a dns server somewhere
50018
07:36:57,360 --> 07:36:58,360
along the chain we'll resolve that to an
50019
07:36:59,040 --> 07:37:00,040
ip address and then we'll be able to
50020
07:37:01,120 --> 07:37:02,120
contact the server
50021
07:37:03,192 --> 07:37:04,192
dns uses tcp
50022
07:37:06,232 --> 07:37:07,232
uh udp port 53
50023
07:37:12,232 --> 07:37:13,232
proxy server acts as a middle man
50024
07:37:14,000 --> 07:37:15,000
between the client and the server you
50025
07:37:16,232 --> 07:37:17,232
can do something as
50026
07:37:18,232 --> 07:37:19,232
simple as just using it to log which
50027
07:37:21,592 --> 07:37:22,592
websites users go to or you can use it
50028
07:37:24,480 --> 07:37:25,480
to cache
50029
07:37:25,760 --> 07:37:26,760
different information from websites
50030
07:37:28,552 --> 07:37:29,552
regularly visited you know in order to
50031
07:37:31,120 --> 07:37:32,120
speed things up
50032
07:37:32,720 --> 07:37:33,720
um
50033
07:37:34,232 --> 07:37:35,232
it could also have the capabilities such
50034
07:37:36,800 --> 07:37:37,800
as applying rules as to which websites
50035
07:37:40,320 --> 07:37:41,320
you can go and time of day
50036
07:37:44,552 --> 07:37:45,552
mail server it's in the electronic post
50037
07:37:46,800 --> 07:37:47,800
office the tehran's mail server software
50038
07:37:50,232 --> 07:37:51,232
allows your users clients you're running
50039
07:37:52,872 --> 07:37:53,872
the ml client software to send and
50040
07:37:55,360 --> 07:37:56,360
receive
50041
07:37:56,832 --> 07:37:57,832
emails authentication and if it's
50042
07:38:00,320 --> 07:38:01,320
authenticating users typically it will
50043
07:38:03,120 --> 07:38:04,120
authenticate usernames and passwords and
50044
07:38:05,680 --> 07:38:06,680
then it will
50045
07:38:06,720 --> 07:38:07,720
decide which services those particular
50046
07:38:09,440 --> 07:38:10,440
users can access on the network
50047
07:38:12,552 --> 07:38:13,552
so this is just an overview obviously
50048
07:38:14,160 --> 07:38:15,160
network plus goes into far more detail
50049
07:38:16,640 --> 07:38:17,640
we've looked at server roles list of
50050
07:38:18,480 --> 07:38:19,480
server roles web file print dhcp dns
50051
07:38:22,960 --> 07:38:23,960
proxy mail and
50052
07:38:24,832 --> 07:38:25,832
authentication so for now thanks for
50053
07:38:26,960 --> 07:38:27,960
watching
50054
07:38:32,060 --> 07:38:33,060
[Music]
50055
07:38:47,912 --> 07:38:48,912
module 25 lesson two ids ips and utm
50056
07:38:54,800 --> 07:38:55,800
ids stands for intrusion detection
50057
07:38:57,592 --> 07:38:58,592
system
50058
07:38:59,040 --> 07:39:00,040
the thing to note is the intrusion has
50059
07:39:01,120 --> 07:39:02,120
already taken place it's there to tell
50060
07:39:03,040 --> 07:39:04,040
you that the intrusion has taken place
50061
07:39:06,960 --> 07:39:07,960
so detects the attack and then it will
50062
07:39:08,800 --> 07:39:09,800
report it how it sets up to report
50063
07:39:11,280 --> 07:39:12,280
depends on the network administrator
50064
07:39:13,832 --> 07:39:14,832
and the ids
50065
07:39:16,400 --> 07:39:17,400
it can be behavior based so it can look
50066
07:39:19,192 --> 07:39:20,192
at patterns of normal behavior on the
50067
07:39:21,040 --> 07:39:22,040
network see some sort of anomaly like a
50068
07:39:24,160 --> 07:39:25,160
spike to a certain network or a big
50069
07:39:26,080 --> 07:39:27,080
download or a large amount of um
50070
07:39:29,680 --> 07:39:30,680
network traffic from a group of devices
50071
07:39:32,640 --> 07:39:33,640
and see that as not normal
50072
07:39:34,720 --> 07:39:35,720
or it can be signature based so it can
50073
07:39:36,320 --> 07:39:37,320
look at big bit patterns in the traffic
50074
07:39:38,480 --> 07:39:39,480
flows and see that as some sort of
50075
07:39:40,640 --> 07:39:41,640
anomaly
50076
07:39:41,912 --> 07:39:42,912
the idea is it detects the intrusion and
50077
07:39:44,480 --> 07:39:45,480
then will alert the network
50078
07:39:45,512 --> 07:39:46,512
administrator
50079
07:39:46,872 --> 07:39:47,872
then it's down to you to take whatever
50080
07:39:48,640 --> 07:39:49,640
action you see fit
50081
07:39:52,000 --> 07:39:53,000
the intrusion prevention system is
50082
07:39:53,760 --> 07:39:54,760
actually
50083
07:39:55,120 --> 07:39:56,120
an ids and an ips is doing two jobs
50084
07:39:59,280 --> 07:40:00,280
it detects attacks but then it attempts
50085
07:40:02,000 --> 07:40:03,000
to block the traffic that's been
50086
07:40:04,552 --> 07:40:05,552
detected
50087
07:40:06,080 --> 07:40:07,080
and by whichever means possible and then
50088
07:40:08,320 --> 07:40:09,320
it will also inform you as a network
50089
07:40:10,720 --> 07:40:11,720
engineer that some sort of attack is
50090
07:40:12,640 --> 07:40:13,640
happening
50091
07:40:14,320 --> 07:40:15,320
again how it informs you it could be a
50092
07:40:16,080 --> 07:40:17,080
system message or it could be
50093
07:40:18,552 --> 07:40:19,552
configured to make a phone call send a
50094
07:40:21,120 --> 07:40:22,120
text or a voicemail or something like
50095
07:40:23,040 --> 07:40:24,040
that
50096
07:40:24,872 --> 07:40:25,872
why do we bother obviously it's an extra
50097
07:40:26,872 --> 07:40:27,872
layer of security and you may find um
50098
07:40:30,080 --> 07:40:31,080
your struggle to get insured for any um
50099
07:40:34,000 --> 07:40:35,000
risks on your company network if you
50100
07:40:36,320 --> 07:40:37,320
don't have proper procedures in place
50101
07:40:39,592 --> 07:40:40,592
and detect threats that firewalls and
50102
07:40:41,512 --> 07:40:42,512
antivirus software aren't able to reach
50103
07:40:43,592 --> 07:40:44,592
on their own because they're not
50104
07:40:44,640 --> 07:40:45,640
designed specifically for this gives a
50105
07:40:47,440 --> 07:40:48,440
record of all attacks as well and this
50106
07:40:49,040 --> 07:40:50,040
record can be shared
50107
07:40:50,720 --> 07:40:51,720
with other devices on the internet
50108
07:40:53,192 --> 07:40:54,192
speak to the manufacturer to see where
50109
07:40:55,592 --> 07:40:56,592
to place and if you're spending enough
50110
07:40:57,360 --> 07:40:58,360
money i'm sure they will come look at
50111
07:40:59,360 --> 07:41:00,360
your network and help you
50112
07:41:01,360 --> 07:41:02,360
install and configure it and monitor it
50113
07:41:04,160 --> 07:41:05,160
also
50114
07:41:05,280 --> 07:41:06,280
tune the alerts to tell you you don't
50115
07:41:06,960 --> 07:41:07,960
want it too sensitive but obviously if
50116
07:41:09,192 --> 07:41:10,192
you wait for some sort of a serious
50117
07:41:10,872 --> 07:41:11,872
attack
50118
07:41:12,080 --> 07:41:13,080
to be underway before it informs you
50119
07:41:14,080 --> 07:41:15,080
that's probably um
50120
07:41:16,080 --> 07:41:17,080
no good either
50121
07:41:17,440 --> 07:41:18,440
establish how it's going to monitor if
50122
07:41:19,280 --> 07:41:20,280
there's a point single point of contact
50123
07:41:20,960 --> 07:41:21,960
or a phone or a device
50124
07:41:22,960 --> 07:41:23,960
that is um informed and establish
50125
07:41:25,192 --> 07:41:26,192
whatever procedures you want to follow
50126
07:41:26,872 --> 07:41:27,872
on your particular network
50127
07:41:29,192 --> 07:41:30,192
utm stands for unified threat management
50128
07:41:32,000 --> 07:41:33,000
this um is a newer security solution i
50129
07:41:34,720 --> 07:41:35,720
think the market's worth well over a
50130
07:41:36,320 --> 07:41:37,320
billion dollars and it provides multiple
50131
07:41:38,800 --> 07:41:39,800
security services but in a single system
50132
07:41:41,912 --> 07:41:42,912
so the kind of features you'd expect the
50133
07:41:43,592 --> 07:41:44,592
utm to provide are firewalling ips
50134
07:41:47,440 --> 07:41:48,440
a gateway antivirus spam filtering vpn
50135
07:41:50,552 --> 07:41:51,552
load balancing
50136
07:41:52,480 --> 07:41:53,480
data loss prevention and employance
50137
07:41:54,800 --> 07:41:55,800
appliance reporting so it's an all in
50138
07:41:57,040 --> 07:41:58,040
one solution
50139
07:41:58,720 --> 07:41:59,720
have a look for more information about
50140
07:42:00,232 --> 07:42:01,232
who supplies these kind of devices and
50141
07:42:03,040 --> 07:42:04,040
what they say they can do and how
50142
07:42:05,192 --> 07:42:06,192
but this is an all-in-one solution
50143
07:42:08,400 --> 07:42:09,400
it's aimed at the small to medium sized
50144
07:42:10,320 --> 07:42:11,320
market also
50145
07:42:11,832 --> 07:42:12,832
larger networks will have individual
50146
07:42:13,440 --> 07:42:14,440
devices for different um
50147
07:42:15,280 --> 07:42:16,280
services
50148
07:42:16,800 --> 07:42:17,800
so instead of having to manage many
50149
07:42:18,160 --> 07:42:19,160
devices and tackle security the network
50150
07:42:20,160 --> 07:42:21,160
administrator can just do everything
50151
07:42:22,080 --> 07:42:23,080
from a single console graphical
50152
07:42:24,232 --> 07:42:25,232
interface from a utm
50153
07:42:26,872 --> 07:42:27,872
so we've covered in brief ids ips and
50154
07:42:29,680 --> 07:42:30,680
udm
50155
07:42:30,800 --> 07:42:31,800
thanks for watching3652329
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