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Well, 16,
the launch team wishes you...
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00:00:15,766 --> 00:00:17,059
...good luck and Godspeed.
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00:00:17,976 --> 00:00:21,146
We appreciate that,
and we can't do without you.
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00:00:26,777 --> 00:00:28,111
Launch commit and liftoff.
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00:00:28,278 --> 00:00:30,531
We have a launch commit,
and we have a liftoff.
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00:00:30,697 --> 00:00:33,951
The swing arm is moving back.
We've cleared the tower.
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00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:35,702
Roger, cleared the tower.
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00:00:35,869 --> 00:00:37,955
Houston is now controlling.
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00:00:46,088 --> 00:00:50,342
Not so long ago,
we left our Earth for the first time...
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00:00:50,843 --> 00:00:54,304
...to explore a neighboring world
in the solar system.
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00:00:57,391 --> 00:01:00,894
Well, Houston, Sweet 16 has arrived.
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00:01:01,228 --> 00:01:03,313
Roger, 16, copy you loud and clear.
15
00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,066
We found a fascinating place...
16
00:01:06,483 --> 00:01:08,902
...but barren and lifeless.
17
00:01:09,152 --> 00:01:12,030
We've stopped,
and let's take a gander around...
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00:01:12,823 --> 00:01:14,700
...and see which way we ought to head.
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00:01:14,867 --> 00:01:17,870
Dave, if we could make it
out that far, directly ahead of us.
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00:01:18,036 --> 00:01:20,163
Look at those large blocks.
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00:01:21,081 --> 00:01:24,001
You mean as we come
down the slope, yeah, at 12 o'clock.
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One sight stood out from all the others.
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00:01:28,255 --> 00:01:31,341
When we looked back
across the moon's horizon...
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00:01:31,717 --> 00:01:34,803
...we saw the Earth, our home...
25
00:01:35,512 --> 00:01:37,389
...a tiny oasis...
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00:01:37,598 --> 00:01:40,809
...beckoning across
all those miles of empty space.
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I'll tell you, it looks beautiful going away...
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00:01:44,021 --> 00:01:46,523
...and it'll look even better coming back.
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00:02:22,851 --> 00:02:25,229
To look at our Earth from the outside...
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...is to discover an entirely new planet.
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We can see familiar landforms...
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...like Florida and the Bahamas.
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00:02:36,949 --> 00:02:39,159
But what's most striking from space...
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00:02:39,326 --> 00:02:40,911
...is that our world...
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00:02:41,078 --> 00:02:43,455
...unlike any other we know of...
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00:02:43,622 --> 00:02:45,457
...is a world of water.
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00:02:46,625 --> 00:02:49,294
Two-thirds of it is covered by ocean...
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00:02:49,461 --> 00:02:52,589
...glistening in layers of blue
and turquoise...
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00:02:52,756 --> 00:02:55,425
...through a delicate filigree of cloud.
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00:02:59,471 --> 00:03:02,683
All of it is wrapped in a thin layer of air...
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00:03:03,684 --> 00:03:06,270
...shielding its surface
from the harsh radiation...
42
00:03:06,436 --> 00:03:08,564
...and cold vacuum of space.
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00:03:11,525 --> 00:03:14,194
If it weren't for this fragile cocoon...
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00:03:14,444 --> 00:03:17,865
...our beautiful planet
would be as dry and lifeless...
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00:03:18,031 --> 00:03:21,076
...as our nearest neighbors
in the solar system.
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00:03:27,374 --> 00:03:30,294
Mars has only a feeble atmosphere.
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00:03:30,711 --> 00:03:33,297
It's locked in a permanent ice age.
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00:03:36,633 --> 00:03:39,636
Venus, under a very dense atmosphere...
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...is hotter than an oven.
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00:03:42,639 --> 00:03:44,600
Nothing could live here.
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00:03:45,726 --> 00:03:47,311
As far as we know...
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00:03:47,728 --> 00:03:50,189
...only the Earth can support life.
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00:03:54,026 --> 00:03:56,236
To learn more
about the unique environment...
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00:03:56,403 --> 00:03:58,989
...which makes life possible here on Earth...
55
00:03:59,740 --> 00:04:02,784
...we're now returning to space,
in a variety of craft.
56
00:04:03,869 --> 00:04:06,580
We call this: "Mission to Planet Earth."
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00:04:35,567 --> 00:04:37,611
Shannon, come on up!
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This is great.
59
00:04:39,655 --> 00:04:43,534
Only a few hundred people
have actually seen the Earth from space.
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Look at that.
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00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:47,162
Here, we can see it as a whole.
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Floating beneath us...
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...Sri Lanka and India.
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00:05:02,594 --> 00:05:05,055
But now we also see a planet...
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00:05:05,222 --> 00:05:08,809
...bathed in the light of a nearby star:
the Sun.
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00:05:11,436 --> 00:05:14,064
Ours is a world of constant change...
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00:05:15,065 --> 00:05:18,861
...shaped and reshaped
by nature's powerful forces.
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00:05:21,947 --> 00:05:25,450
Its blueness came out of the Earth itself.
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00:05:27,202 --> 00:05:30,873
The ancient oceans
were steamed out of the interior...
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00:05:31,039 --> 00:05:32,749
...by erupting volcanoes.
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00:05:34,585 --> 00:05:38,422
We know this one
as the Big Island of Hawaii.
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00:05:43,927 --> 00:05:47,014
Now whole continents appear.
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Europe is on the left.
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00:05:51,393 --> 00:05:54,271
Stretching beyond Gibraltar
to the horizon...
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00:05:54,646 --> 00:05:56,607
...the Mediterranean Sea.
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00:05:59,193 --> 00:06:01,528
On the right: Africa.
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00:06:11,955 --> 00:06:14,082
Deep in the heart of Africa...
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00:06:14,249 --> 00:06:17,669
...we come upon a land of forests,
lakes, and rivers.
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00:06:20,547 --> 00:06:22,716
We're crossing over Lake Victoria...
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00:06:22,883 --> 00:06:25,260
...and the broad plain of the Serengeti.
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Here, beneath us...
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...our planet's systems of water,
earth and air...
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...interact to sustain life.
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To observe this complex environment
more closely...
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00:06:49,451 --> 00:06:53,580
...we'll drop down to the surface
of the strange red lake below.
86
00:07:01,672 --> 00:07:03,674
This is Lake Natron.
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00:07:05,300 --> 00:07:08,303
It's hard to believe
any life could exist here.
88
00:07:09,429 --> 00:07:13,267
But, in fact, the lurid color is the life itself.
89
00:07:14,518 --> 00:07:18,647
The water is teeming with red algae
that feed on white soda...
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00:07:18,814 --> 00:07:20,858
...from nearby volcanoes.
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00:07:24,778 --> 00:07:28,824
Ash, spewing from these volcanoes
for millions of years...
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00:07:29,449 --> 00:07:32,703
...nourished the great grasslands
of the Serengeti...
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00:07:33,036 --> 00:07:35,998
...where a wondrous array
of species evolved.
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00:07:44,423 --> 00:07:47,384
Each depends in some way
upon the others.
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00:07:53,515 --> 00:07:56,727
Every link between animals and plants...
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00:07:57,019 --> 00:08:01,273
...is a strand
in the rich fabric of life on Earth.
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00:08:17,956 --> 00:08:20,876
Of all the creatures
that evolved in Africa...
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00:08:21,835 --> 00:08:23,962
...only one stood upright.
99
00:08:25,255 --> 00:08:28,091
Only one developed tools and language.
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00:08:30,344 --> 00:08:32,179
For about a million years...
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00:08:32,346 --> 00:08:34,640
...humans were hunters and gatherers.
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00:08:36,558 --> 00:08:38,644
Then we discovered farming.
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Now the same land could support
many more people.
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00:08:47,778 --> 00:08:51,990
But without the Earth's
life-support system of water and air...
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00:08:52,950 --> 00:08:55,369
...not a living thing could exist.
106
00:09:00,749 --> 00:09:03,168
Two hundred miles above the Earth...
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00:09:03,335 --> 00:09:05,087
...there is no air.
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00:09:07,714 --> 00:09:10,342
This astronaut must wear a space suit.
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00:09:10,968 --> 00:09:13,470
It supplies the oxygen he needs...
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00:09:13,637 --> 00:09:17,474
...and insulates his body
from extreme heat and cold.
111
00:09:22,229 --> 00:09:26,483
Inside, the orbiter functions
somewhat like a miniature Earth.
112
00:09:27,985 --> 00:09:32,364
The environment is carefully balanced
to keep the astronauts comfortable.
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00:09:33,824 --> 00:09:36,285
One system controls the temperature.
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00:09:37,369 --> 00:09:39,454
Another supplies oxygen.
115
00:09:43,167 --> 00:09:44,209
On Earth...
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00:09:44,376 --> 00:09:48,422
...the forests and oceans
absorb the carbon dioxide we exhale.
117
00:09:50,007 --> 00:09:54,178
In space, the crew uses special canisters
to clean the air.
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00:09:55,304 --> 00:09:59,558
For a short time, this artificial system
supplies to the astronauts...
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00:09:59,975 --> 00:10:03,061
...what the Earth has
always provided for us.
120
00:10:04,688 --> 00:10:08,192
Its natural systems
slowly recycle the air...
121
00:10:08,358 --> 00:10:10,736
...the water, and even the rock.
122
00:10:13,363 --> 00:10:14,740
In one cycle...
123
00:10:14,907 --> 00:10:19,453
...heat from the sun evaporates water
from the ocean to form clouds.
124
00:10:21,079 --> 00:10:23,499
Winds drive the clouds over land.
125
00:10:25,751 --> 00:10:28,545
Rain from the clouds
falls back to the Earth...
126
00:10:28,795 --> 00:10:31,006
...and then runs down to the sea...
127
00:10:31,173 --> 00:10:33,550
...where the cycle begins once more.
128
00:10:38,889 --> 00:10:42,017
Heat stored in the clouds
can drive them upwards...
129
00:10:42,184 --> 00:10:44,853
...into towering thunderheads.
130
00:10:45,020 --> 00:10:48,565
Inside them,
powerful electric charges are building.
131
00:11:33,402 --> 00:11:36,238
You can see lightning on Earth from space.
132
00:11:36,905 --> 00:11:38,907
Astronaut Charlie Bolden:
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00:11:39,992 --> 00:11:42,953
Probably my favorite
spectacular view is nighttime...
134
00:11:43,287 --> 00:11:45,414
...watching lightning all over the Earth...
135
00:11:45,581 --> 00:11:48,083
...as it goes from cloud top to cloud top...
136
00:11:48,250 --> 00:11:49,835
...over hundreds of miles.
137
00:11:50,002 --> 00:11:52,963
Almost as if somebody
is conducting an orchestra, you know...
138
00:11:53,130 --> 00:11:56,258
...and the light is flashing
in response to the music and everything.
139
00:11:56,425 --> 00:11:59,469
You float up in the window
and look for long periods of time...
140
00:11:59,636 --> 00:12:02,764
...in amazement
at what's going on down there.
141
00:12:08,520 --> 00:12:11,315
In places where there is a lot of rainfall...
142
00:12:11,481 --> 00:12:14,026
...an abundance of life springs forth.
143
00:12:16,028 --> 00:12:20,324
The plants produce oxygen
which we and the other animals breathe.
144
00:12:24,536 --> 00:12:27,539
Life on Earth is easy to see from space.
145
00:12:28,457 --> 00:12:31,168
Costa Rica and Panama are green with it.
146
00:12:40,135 --> 00:12:43,514
But other places in the world
get almost no rain.
147
00:12:45,182 --> 00:12:49,228
In the Namib Desert,
only wind has shaped the surface...
148
00:12:49,811 --> 00:12:54,191
...sweeping the parched sand
into dunes nearly 1000 feet high.
149
00:12:59,780 --> 00:13:02,074
In some of the driest deserts...
150
00:13:02,241 --> 00:13:06,662
...people have drilled for water
trapped in the rocks deep below the sand.
151
00:13:09,456 --> 00:13:13,126
Each one of these tiny circles
is an irrigated field...
152
00:13:13,544 --> 00:13:15,671
...half a mile in diameter.
153
00:13:18,215 --> 00:13:20,425
But this is a short-term gain.
154
00:13:20,634 --> 00:13:24,012
It will take only 50 years
to use up all the water...
155
00:13:24,388 --> 00:13:27,349
...but more than 10,000 years to replace it.
156
00:13:33,063 --> 00:13:35,732
In some regions, like the Sahara...
157
00:13:36,233 --> 00:13:41,154
...the amount of rainfall can change
drastically within a single generation.
158
00:13:42,155 --> 00:13:45,367
When we started looking at Lake Chad
from space...
159
00:13:45,659 --> 00:13:47,911
...we saw that it was shrinking.
160
00:13:48,745 --> 00:13:50,414
Soon a wave of droughts...
161
00:13:50,581 --> 00:13:53,667
...brought starvation
to the people living here.
162
00:13:56,253 --> 00:13:59,173
We don't know why
these local changes occur...
163
00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:02,593
...but we do know that the Earth's climate,
as a whole...
164
00:14:02,759 --> 00:14:05,387
...has changed over much longer periods.
165
00:14:09,016 --> 00:14:11,310
During the last million years...
166
00:14:11,476 --> 00:14:15,522
...great sheets of ice
advanced and retreated several times...
167
00:14:15,772 --> 00:14:19,026
...burying Northern Europe
and much of North America.
168
00:14:23,780 --> 00:14:26,408
This is the Hubbard Glacier in Alaska.
169
00:14:43,383 --> 00:14:46,386
Trapped deep inside these frozen walls...
170
00:14:46,637 --> 00:14:48,722
...is a record of climate change...
171
00:14:48,889 --> 00:14:51,266
...going back thousands of years.
172
00:14:59,441 --> 00:15:02,319
By analyzing samples of the ancient ice...
173
00:15:02,486 --> 00:15:05,656
...we may learn to predict
our future climate.
174
00:15:11,203 --> 00:15:13,163
Ten thousand years from now...
175
00:15:13,413 --> 00:15:17,042
...perhaps the sites of Montreal,
Detroit, and Copenhagen...
176
00:15:17,209 --> 00:15:20,212
...will again lie buried beneath a mile of ice.
177
00:15:25,425 --> 00:15:27,511
And it's moving. Looks good.
178
00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:30,848
To observe
large-scale changes on the Earth...
179
00:15:31,014 --> 00:15:32,683
...we use satellites.
180
00:15:34,226 --> 00:15:37,020
The TDR satellite will act as a relay...
181
00:15:37,187 --> 00:15:39,857
...linking scientists
with dozens of spacecraft...
182
00:15:40,023 --> 00:15:42,276
...watching different parts of the globe.
183
00:15:42,442 --> 00:15:44,903
Kathy, it looked like we had
a good deploy on time.
184
00:15:45,070 --> 00:15:46,572
Everything looks good.
185
00:15:46,738 --> 00:15:48,740
Some study ocean currents.
186
00:15:49,658 --> 00:15:51,952
Others monitor the health of crops.
187
00:15:52,953 --> 00:15:55,581
They also warn us when storms develop.
188
00:16:01,795 --> 00:16:03,172
Of all the storms...
189
00:16:03,338 --> 00:16:06,884
...the most dangerous and unpredictable
are hurricanes.
190
00:16:08,427 --> 00:16:10,387
Without help from satellites...
191
00:16:10,554 --> 00:16:13,974
...we could not prepare ourselves
for the onslaught.
192
00:16:26,403 --> 00:16:28,780
We are under a hurricane warning.
193
00:16:29,072 --> 00:16:33,660
Officials of Civil Defense
are advising voluntary evacuation...
194
00:16:33,952 --> 00:16:35,996
...of the Berry Islands.
195
00:17:21,124 --> 00:17:24,711
Hurricane Hugo,
after ravaging Puerto Rico...
196
00:17:25,254 --> 00:17:27,339
...tore into South Carolina.
197
00:17:28,590 --> 00:17:33,303
What was once a national forest
is now a heap of kindling.
198
00:17:36,974 --> 00:17:41,270
Where once there was a house,
only the front steps remain.
199
00:17:53,532 --> 00:17:54,825
Overnight...
200
00:17:54,992 --> 00:17:58,829
...nature's fury
has devastated entire communities.
201
00:18:04,835 --> 00:18:07,254
But then, as quickly as it struck...
202
00:18:07,421 --> 00:18:08,755
...the storm vanishes...
203
00:18:08,922 --> 00:18:11,675
...and the Eastern seaboard
is calm once more.
204
00:18:12,718 --> 00:18:16,680
There are, however, other catastrophic
events affecting our planet.
205
00:18:18,724 --> 00:18:21,518
They are far more violent than any storm.
206
00:18:27,524 --> 00:18:32,196
The Earth is continually pelted
by a hail of objects from space.
207
00:18:32,821 --> 00:18:35,741
Most are tiny
and burn up in the atmosphere.
208
00:18:37,034 --> 00:18:40,037
But, every now and then,
a big one gets through.
209
00:18:41,705 --> 00:18:45,501
Some 30,000 years ago,
a piece of an asteroid...
210
00:18:45,667 --> 00:18:48,504
...weighing perhaps 300,000 tons...
211
00:18:48,670 --> 00:18:50,422
...slammed into Arizona.
212
00:18:51,548 --> 00:18:55,344
It blasted out a crater
almost 600 feet deep.
213
00:18:56,553 --> 00:18:59,348
As collisions go, it was a small one.
214
00:19:13,529 --> 00:19:18,033
From space, we can see the scars
from much bigger impacts on Earth.
215
00:19:18,575 --> 00:19:21,411
This one in Canada is 60 miles across.
216
00:19:24,248 --> 00:19:28,418
The effects of a similar collision
may have wiped out the dinosaurs.
217
00:19:32,506 --> 00:19:36,426
The young Earth was once
completely covered by impact craters.
218
00:19:36,844 --> 00:19:38,762
But most of them have been erased...
219
00:19:38,929 --> 00:19:42,975
...by the powerful forces which
keep changing the face of our planet.
220
00:19:46,019 --> 00:19:47,771
From orbit, we see evidence...
221
00:19:47,938 --> 00:19:51,608
...for the most astonishing
geological discovery of our time.
222
00:19:52,276 --> 00:19:56,780
The Earth's crust is broken
into about a dozen moving plates.
223
00:19:59,032 --> 00:20:02,035
Here, a giant crack extends out
to the right...
224
00:20:02,202 --> 00:20:05,122
...from the Sinai Peninsula
through the Dead Sea.
225
00:20:08,625 --> 00:20:10,127
In a closer view...
226
00:20:10,294 --> 00:20:13,547
...you can see how the Sinai,
shaped like a triangle...
227
00:20:13,839 --> 00:20:17,217
...has wrenched away from Saudi Arabia,
on the far right.
228
00:20:20,679 --> 00:20:24,808
The rift that opened between them
lies under the Gulf of Aqaba.
229
00:20:30,981 --> 00:20:33,650
Most of the rifts are on the sea floor.
230
00:20:42,659 --> 00:20:46,371
To search for them,
we need vehicles similar to spaceships.
231
00:20:53,337 --> 00:20:56,173
We are on a journey, 2 miles down...
232
00:20:56,340 --> 00:20:58,717
...to the very bottom of the ocean.
233
00:21:01,386 --> 00:21:05,182
We will enter a world
that has never seen sunlight.
234
00:21:07,643 --> 00:21:11,813
And yet, the ocean floor is alive
with exotic creatures.
235
00:21:21,573 --> 00:21:23,951
They thrive on nutrients in the water...
236
00:21:24,117 --> 00:21:27,663
...which is heated
by the Earth's great furnace beneath.
237
00:21:33,293 --> 00:21:36,839
Here in mid-ocean,
at the boundary between two plates...
238
00:21:37,256 --> 00:21:40,175
...molten rock pushes up from the interior.
239
00:21:41,969 --> 00:21:45,347
These lava chimneys
are actually miniature volcanoes.
240
00:21:49,268 --> 00:21:52,563
Just as one of the Earth's systems
recycles water...
241
00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:55,315
...another recycles rock.
242
00:21:56,817 --> 00:21:59,778
As new crust
is added to the Earth's surface here...
243
00:21:59,945 --> 00:22:03,907
...the other edge of the plate,
perhaps thousands of miles away...
244
00:22:04,324 --> 00:22:06,994
...sinks back into the Earth's interior.
245
00:22:07,744 --> 00:22:08,954
As it melts...
246
00:22:09,872 --> 00:22:11,874
...volcanoes erupt.
247
00:22:19,423 --> 00:22:22,759
This is Sakura-jima Volcano in Japan.
248
00:22:24,052 --> 00:22:27,306
You can see its smoke
all the way from space.
249
00:22:53,957 --> 00:22:57,794
Here, two great plates
are slowly crushing together...
250
00:22:58,128 --> 00:23:00,255
...pushing up the Himalayas...
251
00:23:00,631 --> 00:23:03,217
...the highest mountain range on Earth.
252
00:23:05,928 --> 00:23:08,889
From just beneath us,
the snow-capped peaks...
253
00:23:09,056 --> 00:23:13,143
...stretch over 1000 miles
towards the horizon on the left.
254
00:23:28,242 --> 00:23:31,411
Almost all of North America,
here on the right...
255
00:23:31,662 --> 00:23:33,831
...lies upon a single plate.
256
00:23:34,998 --> 00:23:38,836
On the left, the Pacific plate
is sliding northward past it...
257
00:23:39,628 --> 00:23:42,798
...at the stately pace
of a half-inch per year.
258
00:23:44,216 --> 00:23:46,927
The Gulf of California, in the center...
259
00:23:47,094 --> 00:23:49,805
...marks the boundary
between the two plates.
260
00:23:50,514 --> 00:23:52,182
Along this boundary...
261
00:23:52,474 --> 00:23:55,644
...the infamous San Andreas Fault
runs northward.
262
00:23:57,020 --> 00:23:58,981
Using satellite pictures...
263
00:23:59,147 --> 00:24:03,527
...a computer can take us on
an imaginary flight along the San Andreas.
264
00:24:05,237 --> 00:24:08,365
The actual height of the terrain
has been exaggerated...
265
00:24:08,532 --> 00:24:12,786
...to accent the network of valleys
formed by the fault's many traces.
266
00:24:45,068 --> 00:24:47,738
As the two plates slide past one another...
267
00:24:47,905 --> 00:24:50,199
...they lock together in some places.
268
00:24:51,283 --> 00:24:53,160
The strain builds.
269
00:25:07,758 --> 00:25:11,553
Near San Francisco,
the strain reaches the breaking point.
270
00:25:12,763 --> 00:25:14,598
Something has to give...
271
00:25:15,182 --> 00:25:18,852
...and when it does,
we are rocked by an earthquake.
272
00:25:22,147 --> 00:25:24,066
Magnified by the computer...
273
00:25:24,233 --> 00:25:27,945
...first a sharp wave,
traveling at 10,000 miles an hour...
274
00:25:28,111 --> 00:25:30,072
...moves out from the epicenter.
275
00:25:31,031 --> 00:25:33,784
Then comes a series of rolling waves.
276
00:25:34,117 --> 00:25:36,620
These inflict most of the damage.
277
00:25:45,546 --> 00:25:49,633
It is impossible to know yet
how many more fatalities there are...
278
00:25:50,050 --> 00:25:54,221
...following this earthquake, which hit at
5:04 yesterday, in the middle of rush hour.
279
00:25:54,388 --> 00:25:58,517
The earliest efforts to rescue
came last night from all sorts of people:
280
00:25:59,017 --> 00:26:01,979
Cops, firemen, people right here
in the neighborhood...
281
00:26:02,145 --> 00:26:05,107
...who risked their lives to rescue strangers.
282
00:26:12,114 --> 00:26:14,074
Everything started shaking.
283
00:26:14,241 --> 00:26:16,827
I started running.
I didn't know where to run...
284
00:26:16,994 --> 00:26:18,996
...because I was getting too scared.
285
00:26:19,163 --> 00:26:22,833
And my mom couldn't get me
because the floor was moving too hard.
286
00:26:24,626 --> 00:26:28,338
Some buildings,
though still standing, had to be demolished.
287
00:26:45,522 --> 00:26:49,276
In time, the houses and highways
are rebuilt...
288
00:26:49,693 --> 00:26:53,030
...better designed to withstand
the next earthquake.
289
00:26:54,531 --> 00:26:58,535
People will always be subject
to nature's powerful whims.
290
00:27:03,874 --> 00:27:06,502
In Japan, another fault zone...
291
00:27:06,877 --> 00:27:09,630
...millions live with the same uncertainty.
292
00:27:18,388 --> 00:27:20,974
One day, almost certainly...
293
00:27:21,558 --> 00:27:23,852
...we'll learn to predict earthquakes.
294
00:27:26,813 --> 00:27:29,858
But in the meantime,
we try to live in harmony...
295
00:27:30,025 --> 00:27:32,528
...with our sometimes turbulent planet.
296
00:27:33,820 --> 00:27:38,116
After each assault,
we pick up the pieces and carry on.
297
00:27:44,456 --> 00:27:48,418
And sometimes, we wonder
if there could be any other place...
298
00:27:48,585 --> 00:27:51,088
...as wonderful in all the universe.
299
00:28:15,112 --> 00:28:17,156
But now, a new force...
300
00:28:17,573 --> 00:28:20,117
...as threatening as any in nature...
301
00:28:20,325 --> 00:28:22,911
...has begun to change the Earth.
302
00:28:23,745 --> 00:28:25,998
We are that force.
303
00:28:28,458 --> 00:28:31,628
To our ancestors,
only a few centuries ago...
304
00:28:32,254 --> 00:28:34,965
...the forests, oceans, and skies...
305
00:28:35,132 --> 00:28:37,801
...seemed vast and almost limitless.
306
00:28:38,635 --> 00:28:40,637
But all that has changed.
307
00:28:42,097 --> 00:28:44,850
It is only now that we can see it
from space...
308
00:28:45,017 --> 00:28:49,188
...that we realize the magnitude
of what we are doing to the Earth.
309
00:28:54,610 --> 00:28:59,281
As settlers cleared land to create the great
farms of the American Midwest...
310
00:29:00,157 --> 00:29:04,328
...more and more valuable topsoil
eroded into the Mississippi.
311
00:29:06,497 --> 00:29:09,333
Flowing southward down this great river...
312
00:29:09,625 --> 00:29:12,127
...the silt is carrying pesticides.
313
00:29:12,836 --> 00:29:15,672
They are pouring into the Gulf of Mexico.
314
00:29:18,550 --> 00:29:20,469
The Yangtze River in China...
315
00:29:20,636 --> 00:29:24,473
...is a natural conveyor belt for soil
from the plateau above it.
316
00:29:25,557 --> 00:29:29,686
Now it doubles as a dump
for sewage and industrial wastes.
317
00:29:32,147 --> 00:29:36,693
But an island far away has become
the most eroded place on Earth.
318
00:29:39,196 --> 00:29:43,033
Madagascar was once cloaked
in lush forest.
319
00:29:44,076 --> 00:29:47,329
Now loggers and farmers
have cut most of it down.
320
00:29:48,914 --> 00:29:51,875
With nothing to cling to, the thin red soil...
321
00:29:52,042 --> 00:29:55,754
...has washed down the mountain slopes
into the Betsiboka River...
322
00:29:56,004 --> 00:29:58,215
...choking its mouth completely.
323
00:30:03,053 --> 00:30:05,305
Off the coast of South America...
324
00:30:05,472 --> 00:30:08,475
...the Atlantic is awash
with brown sediment...
325
00:30:08,642 --> 00:30:11,520
...pouring out from the Orinoco
and the Amazon.
326
00:30:13,772 --> 00:30:18,694
Upriver, lies the largest continuous
rainforest in the world.
327
00:30:28,912 --> 00:30:33,458
This is home to nearly
half of all the species found on Earth.
328
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:37,296
They are sheltered from sun and wind...
329
00:30:37,462 --> 00:30:39,673
...by its great moist canopy.
330
00:30:41,466 --> 00:30:44,428
People depend upon the rainforest
for food...
331
00:30:44,678 --> 00:30:47,598
...and the rare medicines its plants produce.
332
00:31:02,112 --> 00:31:05,282
Like those who settled Europe
and North America...
333
00:31:05,616 --> 00:31:09,953
...people in search of a better life
are clearing the land for farming.
334
00:31:11,288 --> 00:31:14,875
The cut trees are left to dry, then burned.
335
00:31:43,654 --> 00:31:46,907
Almost one acre of tropical rainforest...
336
00:31:47,157 --> 00:31:49,326
...is destroyed every second.
337
00:31:56,750 --> 00:32:01,296
Some 100 species,
most of which we've never even seen...
338
00:32:01,713 --> 00:32:04,508
...are driven to extinction every day...
339
00:32:04,675 --> 00:32:06,969
...lost to the planet forever.
340
00:32:11,515 --> 00:32:13,267
In destroying them...
341
00:32:13,433 --> 00:32:16,395
...we are tampering with the fabric of life...
342
00:32:16,854 --> 00:32:20,524
...cutting the very strands
that bind us all together.
343
00:32:27,781 --> 00:32:31,618
Only from space
can you see how much is burning.
344
00:32:33,453 --> 00:32:37,457
The smoke spreads thousands of miles
across to the Andes Mountains.
345
00:32:40,210 --> 00:32:43,463
Soon we will see roads here, then farms.
346
00:32:43,964 --> 00:32:45,883
Towns will expand to cities.
347
00:32:55,225 --> 00:32:58,270
Eight million people live here
in Los Angeles.
348
00:33:01,481 --> 00:33:04,735
Six million vehicles
and thousands of factories...
349
00:33:04,902 --> 00:33:06,987
...release chemicals into the atmosphere.
350
00:33:07,154 --> 00:33:10,157
This is the West Coast
Air Quality Management District...
351
00:33:10,324 --> 00:33:14,244
...with an air quality update
for the Los Angeles and Orange Counties.
352
00:33:14,411 --> 00:33:17,915
We're suggesting that
persons with heart or respiratory diseases...
353
00:33:18,081 --> 00:33:20,417
...should reduce physical activity.
354
00:33:21,043 --> 00:33:23,962
Smog permeates the air we breathe.
355
00:33:28,217 --> 00:33:31,220
Not only are we polluting our air...
356
00:33:31,386 --> 00:33:34,181
...we may also be altering our climate.
357
00:33:40,103 --> 00:33:41,522
Around the globe...
358
00:33:41,688 --> 00:33:46,360
...cars and factories belch huge amounts
of carbon dioxide into the air...
359
00:33:47,110 --> 00:33:50,906
...faster than our oceans
and depleted forests can absorb it.
360
00:34:05,045 --> 00:34:09,299
Our numbers are increasing
by nearly 100 million every year.
361
00:34:11,134 --> 00:34:13,136
We consume enough energy...
362
00:34:13,303 --> 00:34:15,722
...to be visible all the way from space.
363
00:34:17,975 --> 00:34:21,812
There are now more than 5 billion of us
spread across the Earth.
364
00:34:22,729 --> 00:34:25,774
In this satellite view,
you can see the continents...
365
00:34:25,941 --> 00:34:29,319
...outlined by the lights
of the great coastal cities.
366
00:34:30,904 --> 00:34:32,614
In North America.
367
00:34:37,161 --> 00:34:39,121
In Europe and in Asia.
368
00:34:41,832 --> 00:34:44,168
But our planet does have limits.
369
00:34:44,835 --> 00:34:48,505
The carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases we produce...
370
00:34:48,672 --> 00:34:50,507
...act like a blanket...
371
00:34:51,008 --> 00:34:54,011
...trapping the sun's heat
inside our atmosphere.
372
00:34:55,971 --> 00:34:59,474
Beneath it,
the Earth's temperature may be rising.
373
00:35:00,851 --> 00:35:02,436
Without intending it...
374
00:35:02,603 --> 00:35:06,190
...we are now conducting
an uncontrolled experiment...
375
00:35:06,356 --> 00:35:08,817
...on the Earth's life-support system...
376
00:35:08,984 --> 00:35:11,820
...and we cannot predict the consequences.
377
00:35:15,032 --> 00:35:17,242
But already there are clues.
378
00:35:19,536 --> 00:35:22,706
High in the stratosphere,
a thin layer of ozone...
379
00:35:22,873 --> 00:35:26,335
...shields us
from the sun's deadly ultraviolet rays.
380
00:35:28,045 --> 00:35:30,214
You can't see the ozone...
381
00:35:30,380 --> 00:35:32,674
...but our satellites
and other instruments...
382
00:35:32,841 --> 00:35:36,053
...have detected a hole
bigger than Europe...
383
00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:38,555
...in the ozone over Antarctica.
384
00:35:41,767 --> 00:35:43,602
We have created the hole...
385
00:35:43,769 --> 00:35:46,855
...with chemicals we use
in our everyday lives.
386
00:35:50,442 --> 00:35:53,821
Faced with this evidence,
the nations of the world...
387
00:35:54,112 --> 00:35:57,658
...recently agreed to restrict
and eventually ban...
388
00:35:57,825 --> 00:35:59,910
...production of those chemicals.
389
00:36:02,079 --> 00:36:04,164
Looking out past the shuttle's tail...
390
00:36:04,331 --> 00:36:06,124
...astronaut Jim Buchli:
391
00:36:07,417 --> 00:36:09,753
Look at how thin the atmosphere is.
392
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:12,422
Everything beyond that thin blue line...
393
00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:14,758
...is the void of space.
394
00:36:15,092 --> 00:36:18,804
And everything below it
is what it takes to sustain life.
395
00:36:20,264 --> 00:36:22,432
And everything that we do...
396
00:36:22,891 --> 00:36:24,893
...to this environment...
397
00:36:25,269 --> 00:36:27,354
...and our quality of life...
398
00:36:27,938 --> 00:36:30,107
...is below that little thin blue line.
399
00:36:30,274 --> 00:36:32,860
That's the only difference between...
400
00:36:33,610 --> 00:36:36,572
...what we enjoy here on Earth...
401
00:36:36,738 --> 00:36:40,033
...and the really harsh, uninhabitable...
402
00:36:40,784 --> 00:36:42,828
...blackness of space.
403
00:36:44,746 --> 00:36:46,832
That's not very wide, is it?
404
00:36:56,300 --> 00:36:58,677
Our world is a special place...
405
00:36:58,927 --> 00:37:01,763
...where millions of species coexist...
406
00:37:02,806 --> 00:37:06,602
...each one an integral part
of our planet's fabric.
407
00:37:11,231 --> 00:37:14,568
What we do will determine their fate...
408
00:37:15,569 --> 00:37:16,945
...and ours.
409
00:37:18,739 --> 00:37:21,658
We can undo the damage we have caused.
410
00:37:56,109 --> 00:37:59,863
The Earth we inherited
can again be a garden...
411
00:38:01,365 --> 00:38:03,534
...beautiful and bountiful.
412
00:38:05,160 --> 00:38:08,038
Everything we need for life is here.
413
00:38:10,874 --> 00:38:12,751
Shimmering blue...
414
00:38:12,918 --> 00:38:16,505
...it is our haven
in a vast black sea of space.
415
00:38:23,512 --> 00:38:25,222
This is our home.
416
00:38:26,890 --> 00:38:29,059
It will be home to our children...
417
00:38:30,143 --> 00:38:32,312
...and to their great-grandchildren.
418
00:38:35,357 --> 00:38:38,235
It is home to all the nations of the world.
419
00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:45,659
It's home to the people of Mexico.
420
00:38:54,793 --> 00:38:57,546
Home to the people of Greece and Turkey.
421
00:39:10,684 --> 00:39:13,812
It's home to Israelis and Arabs.
422
00:39:22,196 --> 00:39:24,448
It's home to the Vietnamese.
423
00:39:36,752 --> 00:39:39,254
It's home to the aboriginal people...
424
00:39:39,421 --> 00:39:42,299
...and the farmers
of the Australian outback.
425
00:39:50,849 --> 00:39:53,268
It's home to the people of Japan.
426
00:40:00,317 --> 00:40:03,111
It's home to the peoples of the Caribbean.
427
00:40:19,753 --> 00:40:21,797
It's home to all of us.
428
00:40:23,882 --> 00:40:26,093
And it's our only home.
33292
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