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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:23,649 --> 00:00:25,692 Oh, mercy. 4 00:00:25,692 --> 00:00:27,361 Five years ago and now. 5 00:00:27,361 --> 00:00:32,491 Well, we was just ordinary housewives. 6 00:00:32,491 --> 00:00:35,077 We taught ourselves to drive. 7 00:00:35,077 --> 00:00:37,204 We didn’t go any place that we didn’t take the kids 8 00:00:37,204 --> 00:00:39,164 which was just the grocery store 9 00:00:39,164 --> 00:00:41,333 and maybe to the laundromat. 10 00:00:41,333 --> 00:00:43,085 We wasn’t involved in anything. 11 00:00:43,085 --> 00:00:45,295 Not even PTA. 12 00:00:45,295 --> 00:00:49,591 We didn’t feel like we could donate anything. 13 00:00:49,591 --> 00:00:52,344 We didn’t feel like there was anything we could do. 14 00:00:52,344 --> 00:00:55,222 My house changed around the Supreme Court decision. 15 00:00:55,222 --> 00:01:00,060 I remember my father saying, "Well, that’s the supreme law 16 00:01:00,060 --> 00:01:02,271 of the land." You know, it was like 17 00:01:02,271 --> 00:01:04,648 some thunder had spoken, you know. 18 00:01:04,648 --> 00:01:07,985 Oh when Eisenhower sent the 101st 19 00:01:07,985 --> 00:01:11,196 airborne division into Little Rock, Arkansas 20 00:01:11,196 --> 00:01:12,948 my father said, "He’s a fighting man. 21 00:01:12,948 --> 00:01:15,033 He’s not afraid or he wouldn’t have sent 22 00:01:15,033 --> 00:01:17,869 them soldiers in there, he means business you know." 23 00:01:17,869 --> 00:01:20,580 It was like this thunderous time, you know. 24 00:01:20,580 --> 00:01:23,417 We were living in a time 25 00:01:23,417 --> 00:01:25,836 when we really could do something. 26 00:01:25,836 --> 00:01:28,255 I knew there were people who couldn’t read and write. 27 00:01:28,255 --> 00:01:30,299 I’d been knowing that all my life. 28 00:01:30,299 --> 00:01:32,426 But I never felt there was anything anybody 29 00:01:32,426 --> 00:01:34,511 could do about it. 30 00:01:34,511 --> 00:01:36,138 Like everything bad I’ve done, 31 00:01:36,138 --> 00:01:37,889 you know, it’s been a first time around thing 32 00:01:37,889 --> 00:01:39,391 and you feel like a pine there. 33 00:01:39,391 --> 00:01:41,601 You’ve got nothing to go by. 34 00:01:41,601 --> 00:01:48,150 You’re just making it as you go. 35 00:01:48,150 --> 00:01:50,277 I’m going to just do what I can 36 00:01:50,277 --> 00:01:55,615 and hope that somebody else picks up where I leave off. 37 00:01:55,615 --> 00:01:59,494 A lot of us avoid getting into fighting with the system 38 00:01:59,494 --> 00:02:01,538 simply based on the fact that we said we can’t win. 39 00:02:01,538 --> 00:02:03,707 I say we can win over the system 40 00:02:03,707 --> 00:02:07,252 and the majority of the people, nameless people, 41 00:02:07,252 --> 00:02:10,255 faceless people that vote will never know 42 00:02:10,255 --> 00:02:14,259 are the ones that make those changes most of the time. 43 00:02:14,259 --> 00:02:16,887 We are marching 44 00:02:16,887 --> 00:02:20,932 We’re marching up to Zion 45 00:02:20,932 --> 00:02:26,104 The beautiful city of God 46 00:02:26,104 --> 00:02:28,148 We’ll be a marching 47 00:02:28,148 --> 00:02:30,525 We’re marching 48 00:02:30,525 --> 00:02:35,030 We’re marching up to Zion 49 00:02:35,030 --> 00:02:41,912 That beautiful city of God 50 00:02:41,912 --> 00:02:44,373 We are marching 51 00:02:44,373 --> 00:02:48,168 We’re marching up to Zion 52 00:02:48,168 --> 00:02:51,254 Dream of people all together singing. 53 00:02:51,254 --> 00:02:53,632 Each singing a way to self. 54 00:02:53,632 --> 00:02:56,635 To realms on realms within. 55 00:02:56,635 --> 00:02:59,679 All singing their way on out of self. 56 00:02:59,679 --> 00:03:03,016 Singing through to unity. 57 00:03:03,016 --> 00:03:10,982 That beautiful city of God 58 00:03:10,982 --> 00:03:13,985 There comes a moment, a turning, 59 00:03:13,985 --> 00:03:18,490 when people stop thinking about what has happened to them 60 00:03:18,490 --> 00:03:24,996 and start thinking about what they are going to make happen. 61 00:03:24,996 --> 00:03:27,124 That’s one of the gourds I grew. 62 00:03:27,124 --> 00:03:31,628 You just take those gourds and cut a hole in it and hang it up. 63 00:03:31,628 --> 00:03:35,715 You’ve got... 64 00:03:35,715 --> 00:03:37,759 It’s up to the birds whether they want to us it or not, 65 00:03:37,759 --> 00:03:40,011 you know, you’ve done all you can do. 66 00:03:40,011 --> 00:03:43,014 They make the decision from then on. 67 00:03:43,014 --> 00:03:45,308 It’s what they want to do about it. 68 00:03:45,308 --> 00:03:47,018 They come back in the winter... 69 00:03:47,018 --> 00:03:50,355 In 1932, in the middle of the Great Depression 70 00:03:50,355 --> 00:03:53,650 Myles Horton and a few of his fellow southerners 71 00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:55,527 started the Highlander Folk School 72 00:03:55,527 --> 00:03:58,321 in the mountains of East Tennessee. 73 00:03:58,321 --> 00:04:00,407 It was a school for adults. 74 00:04:00,407 --> 00:04:03,785 For people out of work and out of money 75 00:04:03,785 --> 00:04:07,831 but with the will to make life better. 76 00:04:07,831 --> 00:04:11,084 Highlander was a place for people to meet, 77 00:04:11,084 --> 00:04:14,004 to share with each other their life experiences 78 00:04:14,004 --> 00:04:18,592 and to learn what they might accomplish together. 79 00:04:18,592 --> 00:04:21,470 But the story is not in this place. 80 00:04:21,470 --> 00:04:24,681 It’s in the people going back to their communities 81 00:04:24,681 --> 00:04:28,935 with new information, a sense of unity with others 82 00:04:28,935 --> 00:04:34,691 and the determination to bring change to the world about them. 83 00:04:34,691 --> 00:04:37,611 (guitar music) 84 00:04:57,672 --> 00:05:00,800 You got to move 85 00:05:00,800 --> 00:05:04,012 You got to move 86 00:05:04,012 --> 00:05:07,474 You got to move, child 87 00:05:07,474 --> 00:05:10,602 You got to move 88 00:05:10,602 --> 00:05:14,147 But one and all 89 00:05:14,147 --> 00:05:17,192 Get ready 90 00:05:17,192 --> 00:05:19,444 You got to move 91 00:05:19,444 --> 00:05:23,698 (strumming music) 92 00:05:46,263 --> 00:05:48,390 I grew up in Charleston, South Carolina 93 00:05:48,390 --> 00:05:51,434 and segregation was a way of life. 94 00:05:51,434 --> 00:05:55,105 We didn’t question it, we accepted that. 95 00:05:55,105 --> 00:05:57,440 But then I went away to New York to find employment 96 00:05:57,440 --> 00:06:00,443 and when I returned in 1947 97 00:06:00,443 --> 00:06:02,821 I became aware, fully aware then 98 00:06:02,821 --> 00:06:05,824 of how segregated Charleston really was. 99 00:06:09,119 --> 00:06:12,455 The only way we felt we could bring about changes 100 00:06:12,455 --> 00:06:16,293 was through the vote and Blacks weren’t allowed to vote 101 00:06:16,293 --> 00:06:19,963 in the primaries in South Carolina and in Charleston 102 00:06:19,963 --> 00:06:22,674 and the primaries really was the regular election 103 00:06:22,674 --> 00:06:26,803 because we didn’t have but a one party state. 104 00:06:26,803 --> 00:06:29,222 Once the decision was handed down 105 00:06:29,222 --> 00:06:31,933 that everybody could vote in the primaries 106 00:06:31,933 --> 00:06:35,395 there was another block that was placed in our way. 107 00:06:35,395 --> 00:06:37,814 We had to reach a section of the South Carolina 108 00:06:37,814 --> 00:06:41,234 State Constitution in order to be able to vote. 109 00:06:41,234 --> 00:06:43,945 Some people could read and could pass the test 110 00:06:43,945 --> 00:06:46,781 but there were many, many that couldn’t. 111 00:06:46,781 --> 00:06:48,366 I knew that something had to be done 112 00:06:48,366 --> 00:06:50,327 but I didn’t know I would be involved 113 00:06:50,327 --> 00:06:52,829 in getting anything done because nothing had been done 114 00:06:52,829 --> 00:06:55,540 before that I knew of. 115 00:06:55,540 --> 00:06:57,000 You see and this is the problem 116 00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:59,002 because these things aren’t passed down 117 00:06:59,002 --> 00:07:01,046 to know what had really been done. 118 00:07:01,046 --> 00:07:04,633 I didn’t know what my daddy had done 119 00:07:04,633 --> 00:07:07,385 until so late in life, you see. 120 00:07:07,385 --> 00:07:10,513 To make changes in working conditions. 121 00:07:10,513 --> 00:07:14,351 So actually, when I came back and I realized 122 00:07:14,351 --> 00:07:16,728 that this is where I had to be for a while 123 00:07:16,728 --> 00:07:19,814 then I became involved in everything and anything 124 00:07:19,814 --> 00:07:23,068 that would bring about some changes. 125 00:07:25,362 --> 00:07:28,657 I came to Highlander in 1955 126 00:07:28,657 --> 00:07:31,409 because my cousin, (indistinct) Clark, 127 00:07:31,409 --> 00:07:33,787 had been there the year before 128 00:07:33,787 --> 00:07:36,623 and she told me about Blacks and Whites 129 00:07:36,623 --> 00:07:38,667 being at Highlander and living together 130 00:07:38,667 --> 00:07:41,961 and working together at the Highlander workshops. 131 00:07:41,961 --> 00:07:45,048 And in 1950 there weren’t many places you could go 132 00:07:45,048 --> 00:07:47,634 where Blacks and White could meet. 133 00:07:47,634 --> 00:07:51,471 So I was curious to go and see for myself 134 00:07:51,471 --> 00:07:54,015 what she was talking about. 135 00:07:54,015 --> 00:07:57,602 We will overcome 136 00:07:57,602 --> 00:08:01,272 We will overcome 137 00:08:01,272 --> 00:08:08,571 We will overcome someday 138 00:08:08,571 --> 00:08:13,284 Oh, deep in my heart 139 00:08:13,284 --> 00:08:18,665 I do believe 140 00:08:18,665 --> 00:08:21,334 We shall overcome... 141 00:08:21,334 --> 00:08:23,586 It was the only place in the south 142 00:08:23,586 --> 00:08:26,840 where Blacks and White could really meet, you know 143 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:28,883 and come to so that we could know 144 00:08:28,883 --> 00:08:30,927 that we had allies out there. 145 00:08:30,927 --> 00:08:33,805 (bell ringing) 146 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:37,517 The beautiful part about Highlander 147 00:08:37,517 --> 00:08:40,019 is that you could be washing dishes with somebody 148 00:08:40,019 --> 00:08:45,483 like Dr. King used to say, who had a PhD or no Ds. 149 00:08:45,483 --> 00:08:48,611 Whatever was on your mind you could say it. 150 00:08:48,611 --> 00:08:50,530 The whole workshop was a demonstration 151 00:08:50,530 --> 00:08:52,490 of how you get people to talking about 152 00:08:52,490 --> 00:08:54,617 what they think is the most important thing 153 00:08:54,617 --> 00:08:59,497 they need to have done in their community. 154 00:08:59,497 --> 00:09:02,834 Esau Jenkins from Johns Island who came up with us 155 00:09:02,834 --> 00:09:06,254 to the workshop said, he spoke, he said 156 00:09:06,254 --> 00:09:09,215 "What’d I’d like to have out there is a school 157 00:09:09,215 --> 00:09:11,926 to teach my people how to read and write. 158 00:09:11,926 --> 00:09:13,386 So they could register to vote 159 00:09:13,386 --> 00:09:15,388 because that’s our basic problem." 160 00:09:15,388 --> 00:09:18,892 You know and that turned the whole workshop around. 161 00:09:18,892 --> 00:09:20,435 People from the north wanted to know why 162 00:09:20,435 --> 00:09:22,228 we couldn’t register to vote. 163 00:09:22,228 --> 00:09:27,275 So then we started talking about Charleston, Johns Island. 164 00:09:27,275 --> 00:09:29,277 Esau ran for the school board. 165 00:09:29,277 --> 00:09:31,196 He really ran to try to win 166 00:09:31,196 --> 00:09:33,656 because we needed representation on the school board. 167 00:09:33,656 --> 00:09:36,701 But he also ran in order to ensure the people 168 00:09:36,701 --> 00:09:39,120 that if they were registered to vote that they could win. 169 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:42,332 There were three seats vacant on the school board. 170 00:09:42,332 --> 00:09:44,584 He came in fourth. 171 00:09:44,584 --> 00:09:46,669 The ground work was set then 172 00:09:46,669 --> 00:09:50,465 to getting citizenship classes going. 173 00:09:50,465 --> 00:09:53,593 Many of the people on the island worked long hours in the field 174 00:09:53,593 --> 00:09:56,262 so the classes could only be held during those months 175 00:09:56,262 --> 00:09:58,973 which they called a laying by season. 176 00:09:58,973 --> 00:10:02,227 December, January and February. 177 00:10:02,227 --> 00:10:05,313 Myles Horton of Highlander said to Esau, 178 00:10:05,313 --> 00:10:09,442 "You find the place and I’ll look for funding 179 00:10:09,442 --> 00:10:11,402 for the classes." 180 00:10:11,402 --> 00:10:15,532 They asked me to teach the class. 181 00:10:15,532 --> 00:10:17,408 I said no. 182 00:10:17,408 --> 00:10:20,703 I’ll help anybody who is going to teach the class 183 00:10:20,703 --> 00:10:23,456 but I’m not going to teach it. 184 00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:25,291 Well, when they said "Either you do it 185 00:10:25,291 --> 00:10:26,793 or we won’t have a class." 186 00:10:26,793 --> 00:10:29,379 Now of course, I couldn’t turn it down. 187 00:10:29,379 --> 00:10:32,841 Firs thing I said to them was that now, 188 00:10:32,841 --> 00:10:36,594 "They say I’m your teacher but I’m not a teacher 189 00:10:36,594 --> 00:10:39,013 and we are going to learn together. 190 00:10:39,013 --> 00:10:40,640 You’re going to teach me some things 191 00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:42,308 and I am going to teach you some things." 192 00:10:42,308 --> 00:10:44,602 and I think that one statement sort of 193 00:10:44,602 --> 00:10:47,564 put everybody at ease. 194 00:10:50,608 --> 00:10:55,321 Anna Vastine, I will never forget Anna Vastine. 195 00:10:55,321 --> 00:10:57,657 She couldn’t read or write 196 00:10:57,657 --> 00:10:59,409 and it was the greatest reward 197 00:10:59,409 --> 00:11:02,495 when I had all the names up on the board one night, 198 00:11:02,495 --> 00:11:05,248 in jumble fashion, you know. 199 00:11:05,248 --> 00:11:08,835 I asked them could they pick their names out. 200 00:11:08,835 --> 00:11:13,006 Ms. Vastine said "I see my name" and she took the ruler from me 201 00:11:13,006 --> 00:11:16,134 and she said "That’s Anna, that’s my first name." 202 00:11:16,134 --> 00:11:18,386 Then she went over on the other side up and down 203 00:11:18,386 --> 00:11:19,929 till she found Vastine. 204 00:11:19,929 --> 00:11:22,640 She said "That’s my name, V-A-S-T-I-N-E, 205 00:11:22,640 --> 00:11:24,309 Vastine." 206 00:11:24,309 --> 00:11:26,603 And goose pimples just came out all over me 207 00:11:26,603 --> 00:11:27,896 because that woman couldn’t read or write 208 00:11:27,896 --> 00:11:31,608 when she came in there, she was 65 years old. 209 00:11:31,608 --> 00:11:33,651 We’ve got to move 210 00:11:33,651 --> 00:11:36,571 We’ve got to move 211 00:11:36,571 --> 00:11:39,407 We’ve got to move 212 00:11:39,407 --> 00:11:42,285 We’ve got to move 213 00:11:42,285 --> 00:11:44,746 But when the Lord 214 00:11:44,746 --> 00:11:47,540 Lord, get ready 215 00:11:47,540 --> 00:11:50,001 You got to move 216 00:11:50,001 --> 00:11:52,503 You may be rich 217 00:11:52,503 --> 00:11:55,089 You may be poor 218 00:11:55,089 --> 00:11:57,508 You may be hurt 219 00:11:57,508 --> 00:12:00,261 You may be lost 220 00:12:00,261 --> 00:12:02,972 But when the Lord 221 00:12:02,972 --> 00:12:06,142 Gets ready you’ve got to move 222 00:12:06,142 --> 00:12:10,688 Any community we went in and operated citizenship classes 223 00:12:10,688 --> 00:12:13,441 if there was no particular community organization 224 00:12:13,441 --> 00:12:17,612 in that area we would organize that first class 225 00:12:17,612 --> 00:12:20,198 into an organization so that they would have 226 00:12:20,198 --> 00:12:22,825 some ongoing influence in the community 227 00:12:22,825 --> 00:12:26,621 and an ongoing learning process. 228 00:12:26,621 --> 00:12:30,333 They’d say, "Well, we don’t have a leader in our community." 229 00:12:30,333 --> 00:12:33,836 And we said "Well, what about you being the leader?" 230 00:12:33,836 --> 00:12:36,089 "Well no, I’m not a leader" they would say. 231 00:12:36,089 --> 00:12:39,050 But we’d say "You know the problem. 232 00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:41,719 If you know the problem, you see the problem. 233 00:12:41,719 --> 00:12:44,514 You know what needs to be done to solve their problem. 234 00:12:44,514 --> 00:12:49,686 Then you’re the one to have to take the ball and run with it." 235 00:12:49,686 --> 00:12:52,063 My brother moves 236 00:12:52,063 --> 00:12:54,399 My brother moves 237 00:12:54,399 --> 00:12:56,776 My brother moves 238 00:12:56,776 --> 00:12:59,445 My brother moves 239 00:12:59,445 --> 00:13:02,448 It’s like light coming into the darkness. 240 00:13:02,448 --> 00:13:04,409 Once they learn how to read and write 241 00:13:04,409 --> 00:13:08,079 they always voted after that. 242 00:13:08,079 --> 00:13:09,539 You got to move 243 00:13:09,539 --> 00:13:11,541 You got to move 244 00:13:11,541 --> 00:13:13,918 You got to move 245 00:13:13,918 --> 00:13:20,466 Lord, get ready 246 00:13:20,466 --> 00:13:23,386 We started with the pilot project of citizens at school 247 00:13:23,386 --> 00:13:27,473 and the results were such that everybody wanted it. 248 00:13:27,473 --> 00:13:30,351 And it grew and it grew and it grew and it grew 249 00:13:30,351 --> 00:13:33,062 and it was really the basis of the entire 250 00:13:33,062 --> 00:13:35,189 Civil Rights Movement. 251 00:13:35,189 --> 00:13:36,441 So the sides of the race movement 252 00:13:36,441 --> 00:13:40,695 we built on that base because people became aware 253 00:13:40,695 --> 00:13:42,864 of the power that was within them 254 00:13:42,864 --> 00:13:46,200 that they could use to get things done. 255 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:49,245 (crickets chirping) 256 00:13:50,538 --> 00:13:54,167 (dog barking) 257 00:13:54,167 --> 00:13:56,794 (car doors slamming) 258 00:14:01,299 --> 00:14:04,761 As the momentum of the Civil Rights Movement was growing 259 00:14:04,761 --> 00:14:06,471 so was a concerted effort to stop it 260 00:14:06,471 --> 00:14:09,140 on a part of all the southern states. 261 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:11,392 Highlander, because it was a meeting place 262 00:14:11,392 --> 00:14:14,979 for people in the movement, became the focus of attack 263 00:14:14,979 --> 00:14:18,066 by southern White resistance to change. 264 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:21,152 The State Attorney of Arkansas started a south wide move 265 00:14:21,152 --> 00:14:23,071 to get Highlander closed 266 00:14:23,071 --> 00:14:25,406 which began with an illegal raid 267 00:14:25,406 --> 00:14:28,743 and culminated in a trial against the school’s morals 268 00:14:28,743 --> 00:14:30,578 and ethics. 269 00:14:30,578 --> 00:14:33,122 May Justice, a neighbor of Highlander, 270 00:14:33,122 --> 00:14:35,500 remembers the trial. 271 00:14:35,500 --> 00:14:37,001 They said-- 272 00:14:37,001 --> 00:14:39,170 showed me a picture of this 273 00:14:39,170 --> 00:14:41,172 Black... 274 00:14:41,172 --> 00:14:43,466 woman dancing with a White man. 275 00:14:43,466 --> 00:14:45,009 "Mrs. Justice." 276 00:14:45,009 --> 00:14:50,014 Mrs. Justice, can you see this simple picture right here 277 00:14:50,014 --> 00:14:52,558 where this colored man and woman 278 00:14:52,558 --> 00:14:54,852 are in the act of dancing together? 279 00:14:54,852 --> 00:14:56,979 Yes sir, that’s square dancing I suppose. 280 00:14:56,979 --> 00:15:00,983 Do you approve of this kind of sociability? 281 00:15:00,983 --> 00:15:03,069 I see nothing immoral about it. 282 00:15:03,069 --> 00:15:04,779 It’s a square dance. 283 00:15:04,779 --> 00:15:06,155 I can look on television any time 284 00:15:06,155 --> 00:15:07,949 and see worse things than that. 285 00:15:07,949 --> 00:15:09,992 That’s a colored man and a White woman, isn’t it? 286 00:15:09,992 --> 00:15:11,619 Yes, sir. 287 00:15:11,619 --> 00:15:13,079 Don’t you know, Mrs. Justice, 288 00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:15,331 that the Tennessee law prohibits 289 00:15:15,331 --> 00:15:17,667 the marriage of colored people and White people. 290 00:15:17,667 --> 00:15:18,835 Yes but I don’t regard that as part 291 00:15:18,835 --> 00:15:20,920 of a marriage ceremony. 292 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:23,923 (laughing) 293 00:15:26,008 --> 00:15:28,010 Just tell him what you know, what you’ve seen there. 294 00:15:28,010 --> 00:15:31,139 Well, I can see that-- 295 00:15:31,139 --> 00:15:33,724 Just what I already answered. 296 00:15:33,724 --> 00:15:36,686 So you’ve never seen men and women in their cabins together? 297 00:15:36,686 --> 00:15:39,063 -No, I have not-- -In a compromising position? 298 00:15:39,063 --> 00:15:41,149 No, I have not seen that. 299 00:15:41,149 --> 00:15:44,152 Have you ever seen mister horsing around with any of them? 300 00:15:44,152 --> 00:15:45,862 Well, I’ve seen Myles go to the woods with them 301 00:15:45,862 --> 00:15:48,990 -time after time. -Time after time. 302 00:15:48,990 --> 00:15:52,410 And what else did you see him to do him while he was there? 303 00:15:52,410 --> 00:15:54,078 Well, really nothing else to him. 304 00:15:54,078 --> 00:15:55,538 Well, would he kiss him? 305 00:15:55,538 --> 00:15:57,999 No but he would have him arms around him. 306 00:15:57,999 --> 00:16:01,294 Do you know or think you know the reputation 307 00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:04,255 in the community of this Highlander Folk School? 308 00:16:04,255 --> 00:16:06,257 Well, it’s for colored folks. 309 00:16:06,257 --> 00:16:09,385 That’s the main issue. 310 00:16:09,385 --> 00:16:12,054 I don’t care what they teach. 311 00:16:12,054 --> 00:16:14,265 Be racial integration or be it communism 312 00:16:14,265 --> 00:16:16,767 or be it whatever they want to. 313 00:16:16,767 --> 00:16:21,063 (indistinct shouting) 314 00:16:25,776 --> 00:16:29,113 Mrs. Justice, you are a woman 315 00:16:29,113 --> 00:16:32,658 with a very fine reputation in the community. 316 00:16:32,658 --> 00:16:34,410 Thank you. 317 00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:36,120 And you know that association 318 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:39,707 with the school out there is raising great suspicion. 319 00:16:39,707 --> 00:16:45,046 Sir, I believe that a person must live 320 00:16:45,046 --> 00:16:47,256 by his Christian principles regardless 321 00:16:47,256 --> 00:16:49,467 of the opinion of human beings. 322 00:16:49,467 --> 00:16:51,719 And as long as I can lie down to sleep at night 323 00:16:51,719 --> 00:16:53,554 knowing that I have done right 324 00:16:53,554 --> 00:16:56,432 the world may think what it will of me. 325 00:17:08,527 --> 00:17:10,363 They finally got us out of the building 326 00:17:10,363 --> 00:17:12,698 and closed us down in Monteagle 327 00:17:12,698 --> 00:17:14,784 in the fall of ’61. 328 00:17:14,784 --> 00:17:16,827 Highlander moved over to Knoxville 329 00:17:16,827 --> 00:17:18,955 and we set up over there. 330 00:17:18,955 --> 00:17:21,457 Kept right on with what we were doing. 331 00:17:21,457 --> 00:17:24,752 (birds chirping) 332 00:17:32,885 --> 00:17:34,428 The trial we had of demands 333 00:17:34,428 --> 00:17:37,640 on the part of governors from several southern states 334 00:17:37,640 --> 00:17:40,977 that something be done to put Highlander out of business 335 00:17:40,977 --> 00:17:44,939 because they said it was a cancer of communism spreading 336 00:17:44,939 --> 00:17:48,484 over the south. 337 00:17:48,484 --> 00:17:50,820 What they had reference to, of course, was the idea 338 00:17:50,820 --> 00:17:55,074 that we were integrated and were advocating social equality. 339 00:17:55,074 --> 00:17:57,952 They called Highlander communists in the early days 340 00:17:57,952 --> 00:18:00,037 when we were working with the unemployed. 341 00:18:00,037 --> 00:18:03,040 Later on, when we were working with the trade unions. 342 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:04,667 Where Blacks and Whites were being organized 343 00:18:04,667 --> 00:18:06,836 in the same unions. 344 00:18:06,836 --> 00:18:08,754 During the Civil Rights Movements 345 00:18:08,754 --> 00:18:10,923 the charge was constantly made 346 00:18:10,923 --> 00:18:13,217 that Civil Rights activities 347 00:18:13,217 --> 00:18:16,053 were communistic and Highlander was labeled 348 00:18:16,053 --> 00:18:19,307 a communist training school. 349 00:18:19,307 --> 00:18:23,269 In the future, we get involved in any situation 350 00:18:23,269 --> 00:18:26,731 where the people learn that their own personal 351 00:18:26,731 --> 00:18:28,566 interests are linked with the separate interests 352 00:18:28,566 --> 00:18:30,318 of other people. 353 00:18:30,318 --> 00:18:32,528 They get together to act. 354 00:18:32,528 --> 00:18:35,698 The group will be called communists. 355 00:18:35,698 --> 00:18:38,659 It’s an effort on a part of people in power. 356 00:18:38,659 --> 00:18:42,538 To discredit actions that challenged the status quo. 357 00:18:42,538 --> 00:18:45,207 To grand efforts on apart of people 358 00:18:45,207 --> 00:18:49,253 to make democracy work for them is communism 359 00:18:49,253 --> 00:18:50,880 and people just have to understand 360 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:52,048 that will happen. 361 00:18:52,048 --> 00:18:56,093 (birds chirping) 362 00:18:56,093 --> 00:19:00,723 If you go back to the ’30s when Myles Horton started it 363 00:19:00,723 --> 00:19:03,517 and they were working with people with the unions 364 00:19:03,517 --> 00:19:06,020 you would’ve thought it was a union education school 365 00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:08,147 for union organizing. 366 00:19:08,147 --> 00:19:13,361 And if you come to Highlander during the late ’50s 367 00:19:13,361 --> 00:19:18,282 and the ’60s it was a Civil Rights Movement school, 368 00:19:18,282 --> 00:19:22,453 training school and if you came a little after that 369 00:19:22,453 --> 00:19:27,500 it was about strip mining or nuclear-- 370 00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:31,587 or waste dumps or whatever 371 00:19:31,587 --> 00:19:34,215 these people in the south 372 00:19:34,215 --> 00:19:37,385 were being pressed upon. 373 00:19:37,385 --> 00:19:40,012 That makes Highlander special for me. 374 00:19:40,012 --> 00:19:44,517 The ability to move through time. 375 00:19:44,517 --> 00:19:48,938 (indistinct singing) 376 00:19:54,568 --> 00:19:58,697 I see freedom 377 00:19:58,697 --> 00:20:04,078 In the air 378 00:20:04,078 --> 00:20:09,250 Over my head... 379 00:20:09,250 --> 00:20:12,545 The object is not to destroy our White brothers. 380 00:20:12,545 --> 00:20:14,463 The object is to destroy the system 381 00:20:14,463 --> 00:20:17,675 that enslaves both our White brothers and ourselves. 382 00:20:17,675 --> 00:20:19,927 So when we go today to the lunch counter 383 00:20:19,927 --> 00:20:21,929 and we go today to the park 384 00:20:21,929 --> 00:20:25,224 and we’re going about our business quietly 385 00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:27,226 in a dignified matter because we’ve realized 386 00:20:27,226 --> 00:20:29,353 that our actions not only affect ourselves 387 00:20:29,353 --> 00:20:33,524 and our parents but they affect Albany, 388 00:20:33,524 --> 00:20:35,234 the negro community. 389 00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:37,069 They affect the negro community throughout this country 390 00:20:37,069 --> 00:20:40,197 and the best thinking people in this country 391 00:20:40,197 --> 00:20:42,116 and the whole call to justice. 392 00:20:42,116 --> 00:20:46,412 There must be 393 00:20:46,412 --> 00:20:52,251 A god 394 00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:58,591 Somewhere 395 00:20:58,591 --> 00:21:01,760 In my early days I was never in the front. 396 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:04,430 I was not a leader. 397 00:21:04,430 --> 00:21:06,932 Now a leader couldn’t get very far without me 398 00:21:06,932 --> 00:21:10,978 because I was a singer so I could pull people together 399 00:21:10,978 --> 00:21:14,815 or I could create an atmosphere. 400 00:21:14,815 --> 00:21:18,944 So I was right behind but I was not the radicals 401 00:21:18,944 --> 00:21:20,863 who broke through new ground 402 00:21:20,863 --> 00:21:22,281 and they generally scared me. 403 00:21:22,281 --> 00:21:24,200 I thought they were sort of crazy 404 00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:25,993 but then I’d be right behind them, you know, 405 00:21:25,993 --> 00:21:30,873 being in jail with them, whatever. 406 00:21:30,873 --> 00:21:32,333 I went on the first demonstration 407 00:21:32,333 --> 00:21:34,293 in Albany, Georgia. 408 00:21:34,293 --> 00:21:37,838 On November the 11th, 1961. 409 00:21:37,838 --> 00:21:40,841 The Interstate Commerce Commission ruled 410 00:21:40,841 --> 00:21:43,135 that anything that crosses a state line 411 00:21:43,135 --> 00:21:45,930 had to use the integrated facilities. 412 00:21:45,930 --> 00:21:48,224 So we decided Thanksgiving 413 00:21:48,224 --> 00:21:50,017 we would test the facilities. 414 00:21:50,017 --> 00:21:54,063 And the second demonstration, 415 00:21:54,063 --> 00:21:56,941 I had the choice of the second demonstration 416 00:21:56,941 --> 00:22:01,070 or going to test because it was also final exams. 417 00:22:01,070 --> 00:22:03,197 I took my final exams 418 00:22:03,197 --> 00:22:07,368 and they arrested Annette, who’s my best friend. 419 00:22:07,368 --> 00:22:09,119 She didn’t take her final exam. 420 00:22:09,119 --> 00:22:10,538 She went all out. 421 00:22:10,538 --> 00:22:12,706 Ugh. 422 00:22:12,706 --> 00:22:17,586 I mean, if it had been the last march I would’ve died. 423 00:22:17,586 --> 00:22:21,006 All right, stop it right here. 424 00:22:21,006 --> 00:22:24,677 (indistinct chatter) 425 00:22:28,264 --> 00:22:30,182 You’re welcome to picket. 426 00:22:30,182 --> 00:22:33,102 This grouping up here is going to stop. 427 00:22:33,102 --> 00:22:35,229 If we allow two here on this block 428 00:22:35,229 --> 00:22:37,398 and the others will move out. 429 00:22:37,398 --> 00:22:40,526 We’ll allow two picketers on this block. 430 00:22:40,526 --> 00:22:42,987 In front of the city hall where you’re picketing. 431 00:22:42,987 --> 00:22:46,448 You can leave two here or you can go. 432 00:22:46,448 --> 00:22:50,953 Others that don’t go and continue you’ll be arrested. 433 00:22:50,953 --> 00:22:56,417 Let’s two in this area right here where you’re picketed. 434 00:23:03,799 --> 00:23:05,968 Oh Pritchett 435 00:23:05,968 --> 00:23:08,470 Oh Kelly 436 00:23:08,470 --> 00:23:13,601 Oh Pritchett oh did say 437 00:23:13,601 --> 00:23:15,644 Oh Pritchett 438 00:23:15,644 --> 00:23:18,272 Oh Kelly 439 00:23:18,272 --> 00:23:23,736 Oh Pritchett oh did sell 440 00:23:23,736 --> 00:23:28,032 Freedom, freedom 441 00:23:28,032 --> 00:23:30,534 Freedom, freedom 442 00:23:30,534 --> 00:23:37,333 Freedom, freedom 443 00:23:37,333 --> 00:23:41,712 Freedom, angel 444 00:23:41,712 --> 00:23:44,882 Leading up to the demonstrations 445 00:23:44,882 --> 00:23:46,884 there had been very strong signals 446 00:23:46,884 --> 00:23:49,094 that I was getting out of hand 447 00:23:49,094 --> 00:23:51,263 in terms of the usual recipe 448 00:23:51,263 --> 00:23:53,223 of a Black person going to college, 449 00:23:53,223 --> 00:23:55,476 getting a degree, that sort of thing. 450 00:23:55,476 --> 00:23:59,146 The student government had been suspended the spring before. 451 00:23:59,146 --> 00:24:00,689 I was in the student government 452 00:24:00,689 --> 00:24:02,608 so I had been suspended 453 00:24:02,608 --> 00:24:06,654 and I was going to meetings and workshops about the movement. 454 00:24:06,654 --> 00:24:10,032 (indistinct singing) 455 00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:22,419 I’m on my way 456 00:24:22,419 --> 00:24:24,088 I won’t turn around 457 00:24:24,088 --> 00:24:26,090 I won’t turn around 458 00:24:26,090 --> 00:24:28,008 I’m on my way 459 00:24:28,008 --> 00:24:29,802 I’m on my way 460 00:24:29,802 --> 00:24:31,970 And I won’t turn around 461 00:24:31,970 --> 00:24:34,014 I won’t turn around 462 00:24:34,014 --> 00:24:35,808 I’m on my way 463 00:24:35,808 --> 00:24:39,687 In mass meetings in jail they would say Bernie sing a song 464 00:24:39,687 --> 00:24:42,731 and I got to the place where I knew 465 00:24:42,731 --> 00:24:46,694 I had a contribution to make with singing 466 00:24:46,694 --> 00:24:49,697 and the willingness to go anywhere 467 00:24:49,697 --> 00:24:52,324 that the movement said go. 468 00:24:52,324 --> 00:24:56,495 (water rushing) 469 00:24:56,495 --> 00:24:59,373 I think about Diane Devil talking about 470 00:24:59,373 --> 00:25:02,126 when she worked with the Nashville city, 471 00:25:02,126 --> 00:25:05,713 the Freedom Riots it was the safest time 472 00:25:05,713 --> 00:25:07,715 she had been in her life. 473 00:25:07,715 --> 00:25:11,510 She never felt safer 474 00:25:11,510 --> 00:25:15,514 and it was because of who she was surrounded by. 475 00:25:15,514 --> 00:25:17,850 And it’s like, when you get to a place 476 00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:20,310 where you can come together with people 477 00:25:20,310 --> 00:25:22,938 who share the same experiences 478 00:25:22,938 --> 00:25:27,735 and you can just sort of work on what your life should be about. 479 00:25:27,735 --> 00:25:31,071 It does not matter what your opposition will try 480 00:25:31,071 --> 00:25:33,323 to do to you because you’re already home 481 00:25:33,323 --> 00:25:34,742 and you’re safe. 482 00:25:34,742 --> 00:25:37,119 And Highlander is like that space. 483 00:25:37,119 --> 00:25:38,662 How can a man be free? 484 00:25:38,662 --> 00:25:40,914 One man ain’t free, no man free. 485 00:25:40,914 --> 00:25:45,210 (inaudible). 486 00:25:45,210 --> 00:25:48,589 I really think what’s special to me about Highlander 487 00:25:48,589 --> 00:25:53,469 is like, the risk where they will trust people 488 00:25:53,469 --> 00:25:55,637 if you can give people some space 489 00:25:55,637 --> 00:25:57,306 to talk about who they are 490 00:25:57,306 --> 00:25:59,808 then you have to respect what they come up with 491 00:25:59,808 --> 00:26:04,146 and have to try to figure out ways to help. 492 00:26:04,146 --> 00:26:08,776 And they will work out what steps they can take 493 00:26:08,776 --> 00:26:11,028 in their lives to change. 494 00:26:11,028 --> 00:26:16,408 We shall go to jail 495 00:26:16,408 --> 00:26:21,622 We shall go to jail 496 00:26:21,622 --> 00:26:25,793 We shall go to jail 497 00:26:25,793 --> 00:26:31,882 Someday 498 00:26:31,882 --> 00:26:34,635 The Civil Rights Movement was about this mix 499 00:26:34,635 --> 00:26:36,178 of the community. 500 00:26:36,178 --> 00:26:39,473 With students always pulling the front line 501 00:26:39,473 --> 00:26:41,517 and the vanguard position. 502 00:26:41,517 --> 00:26:44,186 Pacing the change. 503 00:26:44,186 --> 00:26:47,022 They do it best when there are a few older people 504 00:26:47,022 --> 00:26:49,775 who can understand and they have a better chance 505 00:26:49,775 --> 00:26:52,027 of surviving the pace that they set 506 00:26:52,027 --> 00:26:53,654 if they have some grandparents. 507 00:26:53,654 --> 00:26:55,823 And we did. 508 00:26:55,823 --> 00:26:59,409 (indistinct group singing) 509 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:21,890 Now I can look at some of the things we did 510 00:27:21,890 --> 00:27:25,519 and I said, "What in the world came over us?" You know? 511 00:27:25,519 --> 00:27:28,981 But death had nothing to do with what we were doing. 512 00:27:28,981 --> 00:27:31,316 If somebody shot us we would be dead. 513 00:27:31,316 --> 00:27:33,485 And when people died we cried 514 00:27:33,485 --> 00:27:35,112 and we went to funerals 515 00:27:35,112 --> 00:27:39,408 and we went and did the next thing the next day. 516 00:27:39,408 --> 00:27:43,579 Cause it was really beyond life and death. 517 00:27:43,579 --> 00:27:47,416 It was really like sometimes you know 518 00:27:47,416 --> 00:27:49,167 what you’re supposed to be doing 519 00:27:49,167 --> 00:27:51,879 and when you know what you’re supposed to be doing 520 00:27:51,879 --> 00:27:54,381 it’s somebody else’s job to kill you. 521 00:27:54,381 --> 00:27:57,718 (indistinct group singing) 522 00:28:27,456 --> 00:28:30,000 The thing that the movement was about 523 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:33,670 which was like daring to give people the belief 524 00:28:33,670 --> 00:28:36,506 that they could step out on what they understood 525 00:28:36,506 --> 00:28:39,676 and do something about it is really 526 00:28:39,676 --> 00:28:42,095 what I still run on. 527 00:28:42,095 --> 00:28:45,140 It’s not a calm, everyday way of life 528 00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:46,850 in the society we live in. 529 00:28:46,850 --> 00:28:49,519 We are embattled. 530 00:28:49,519 --> 00:28:52,731 We are under attack. 531 00:28:52,731 --> 00:28:57,569 I think the only way you can do is give in or fight. 532 00:28:57,569 --> 00:28:59,529 To say no, I do exist 533 00:28:59,529 --> 00:29:02,324 and this thing I feel is real. 534 00:29:02,324 --> 00:29:04,743 It’s not a dream. 535 00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:08,038 (birds chirping) 536 00:29:12,042 --> 00:29:14,378 Law can adjust to right. 537 00:29:14,378 --> 00:29:18,256 You don’t have to adjust to laws. 538 00:29:18,256 --> 00:29:21,051 It’s against the law, as it was, 539 00:29:21,051 --> 00:29:23,470 to have Blacks and Whites together at Highlander, 540 00:29:23,470 --> 00:29:25,931 you have to violate the law. 541 00:29:25,931 --> 00:29:29,101 It’s against the law to march without a permit in Birmingham 542 00:29:29,101 --> 00:29:32,479 or in Selma then you have to march. 543 00:29:32,479 --> 00:29:35,899 In other words, you have to do what you need to do 544 00:29:35,899 --> 00:29:37,693 to do what’s right. 545 00:29:37,693 --> 00:29:40,237 (birds chirping) 546 00:29:40,237 --> 00:29:42,864 Law and order people which is backed up by police 547 00:29:42,864 --> 00:29:46,034 and the police is backed up by the army, you know, 548 00:29:46,034 --> 00:29:48,870 the force, those people have all power 549 00:29:48,870 --> 00:29:52,416 until you declare your independence from that power. 550 00:29:52,416 --> 00:29:54,209 Then they don’t have any. 551 00:29:54,209 --> 00:29:55,836 If you’re going to have a system of law 552 00:29:55,836 --> 00:29:57,170 you’ve got to violate the unjust laws 553 00:29:57,170 --> 00:30:01,216 and take your stance and do it publically. 554 00:30:07,514 --> 00:30:10,892 (indistinct chanting) 555 00:30:20,652 --> 00:30:24,322 This used to be a real scary road when I was a kid. 556 00:30:24,322 --> 00:30:27,951 We used to walk five, six miles from here 557 00:30:27,951 --> 00:30:32,581 to see some girls that live on this road. 558 00:30:32,581 --> 00:30:34,207 It was always okay walking coming 559 00:30:34,207 --> 00:30:38,920 but going back at one o’clock in the morning. 560 00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:42,424 These trees and everything moves at night. 561 00:30:42,424 --> 00:30:47,095 The noise from all the animals and insects 562 00:30:47,095 --> 00:30:49,890 can be very frightening. 563 00:30:49,890 --> 00:30:52,726 And of course, I believe in ghosts also 564 00:30:52,726 --> 00:30:57,147 so that also adds to my fright. 565 00:30:59,399 --> 00:31:01,109 This is Johns Island, South Carolina 566 00:31:01,109 --> 00:31:04,154 where Bernice Robinson taught the first 567 00:31:04,154 --> 00:31:08,283 citizenship education classes. 568 00:31:08,283 --> 00:31:10,702 I’ve seen a lot of changes here 569 00:31:10,702 --> 00:31:13,747 and have been apart of a lot of the changes. 570 00:31:13,747 --> 00:31:16,833 When I first started seeing the racism really 571 00:31:16,833 --> 00:31:20,420 was recognizing the policeman that we had on the island 572 00:31:20,420 --> 00:31:22,839 and the way that he treated Black men 573 00:31:22,839 --> 00:31:25,842 and right in front of this church where we are right now, 574 00:31:25,842 --> 00:31:29,346 when any time that they heard this policeman come-- 575 00:31:29,346 --> 00:31:33,350 men heard his car coming, everybody ran for the bushes. 576 00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:36,436 They just ran and hide while the policeman drove by. 577 00:31:36,436 --> 00:31:38,980 Simply because everybody was afraid of him 578 00:31:38,980 --> 00:31:41,358 and he killed so many Blacks already. 579 00:31:41,358 --> 00:31:43,652 And that’s, you know, you asked me when we were talking earlier 580 00:31:43,652 --> 00:31:47,614 about religion and at about 11 I went to my grandmother 581 00:31:47,614 --> 00:31:49,699 that I was really upset. 582 00:31:49,699 --> 00:31:52,869 In terms of how men ran away--Black men ran away 583 00:31:52,869 --> 00:31:57,207 from Chief Hennerson and how I felt 584 00:31:57,207 --> 00:31:59,626 that if I ever grew up or when I grew up 585 00:31:59,626 --> 00:32:03,338 I would kill him, these were my exact words to my grandmother. 586 00:32:03,338 --> 00:32:06,091 My grandmother said, "Son, what you do is 587 00:32:06,091 --> 00:32:07,634 you’ve got to leave people like him 588 00:32:07,634 --> 00:32:09,719 in the hands of the Lord." 589 00:32:09,719 --> 00:32:12,139 That is something that was so far out for me 590 00:32:12,139 --> 00:32:14,516 at that particular stage in life. 591 00:32:14,516 --> 00:32:16,560 That’s when I was at the age when I knew 592 00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:20,605 that old people had no sense. 593 00:32:20,605 --> 00:32:23,775 I decided to join the army in 1951. 594 00:32:23,775 --> 00:32:26,027 Took my basic training in Hawaii 595 00:32:26,027 --> 00:32:28,405 and then we went straight to Korea. 596 00:32:28,405 --> 00:32:32,159 That was the year that the army was integrated. 597 00:32:32,159 --> 00:32:34,119 All the time, being in Korea and Japan 598 00:32:34,119 --> 00:32:36,788 I felt basically as an American 599 00:32:36,788 --> 00:32:39,749 and then getting into California camps 600 00:32:39,749 --> 00:32:43,211 where they separated us, simply because Blacks and Whites 601 00:32:43,211 --> 00:32:44,754 could not ride in the same and train 602 00:32:44,754 --> 00:32:46,965 on the same coach across this country, 603 00:32:46,965 --> 00:32:48,550 I began to feel a little shaky. 604 00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:51,428 But getting on the train my White buddies and I 605 00:32:51,428 --> 00:32:53,763 went to each other’s car and we drank beer 606 00:32:53,763 --> 00:32:55,724 and played cards and those kinds of things. 607 00:32:55,724 --> 00:32:58,685 Getting into Fort Jackson and going into Columbia 608 00:32:58,685 --> 00:33:01,396 to the Greyhound Bus Station to get a ticket home 609 00:33:01,396 --> 00:33:04,399 I was asked to leave the Greyhound Bus Station 610 00:33:04,399 --> 00:33:07,110 by a policeman because they said that I knew 611 00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:10,572 that Blacks did not have any right in the bus station. 612 00:33:10,572 --> 00:33:13,366 I had to ask him, "Well, where do I belong?" 613 00:33:13,366 --> 00:33:15,410 He showed me a hole that was cut in the back 614 00:33:15,410 --> 00:33:19,080 of the bus station where I would purchase my ticket. 615 00:33:19,080 --> 00:33:20,999 The White guys that I was fighting with 616 00:33:20,999 --> 00:33:22,250 really were sort of embarrassed 617 00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:24,753 but they all just lowered their heads 618 00:33:24,753 --> 00:33:27,088 when that happened to me. 619 00:33:27,088 --> 00:33:29,132 And that’s why I guess during the ’60s 620 00:33:29,132 --> 00:33:31,009 I took the position that all Whites 621 00:33:31,009 --> 00:33:34,054 that were over 30 or around 30 were racist. 622 00:33:34,054 --> 00:33:38,099 Simply because when I was mistreated 623 00:33:38,099 --> 00:33:41,645 nobody stood up for me. 624 00:33:41,645 --> 00:33:43,772 That bitterness continued 625 00:33:43,772 --> 00:33:47,359 and when I went to Highlander with Esau Jenkins in 1959 626 00:33:47,359 --> 00:33:49,861 I was totally discouraged in terms 627 00:33:49,861 --> 00:33:54,491 of what could be done on a broad scale to make changes. 628 00:33:54,491 --> 00:33:57,953 Meeting people at Highlander that had been working 629 00:33:57,953 --> 00:34:01,623 for 25 and 30 years attempting to make changes 630 00:34:01,623 --> 00:34:04,918 really gave me the incentive that things 631 00:34:04,918 --> 00:34:06,544 will not change overnight, 632 00:34:06,544 --> 00:34:08,046 that you have to continue to work at it 633 00:34:08,046 --> 00:34:11,132 very, very hard. 634 00:34:11,132 --> 00:34:13,927 Highlander had the agenda of poor people. 635 00:34:13,927 --> 00:34:17,264 It was able to bring all people together. 636 00:34:17,264 --> 00:34:19,557 People that did not have the education. 637 00:34:19,557 --> 00:34:24,104 People that did not have the motivation 638 00:34:24,104 --> 00:34:26,564 were able to go there and have certain things 639 00:34:26,564 --> 00:34:30,527 about their own selves articulated. 640 00:34:30,527 --> 00:34:32,821 There are people that have gone to Highlander 641 00:34:32,821 --> 00:34:37,742 with their image down here and they actually were up there. 642 00:34:37,742 --> 00:34:41,538 Because they didn’t have a proper image of themselves. 643 00:34:41,538 --> 00:34:44,082 I think Rosa Parks was one of the better examples of that. 644 00:34:44,082 --> 00:34:47,002 I think that the image of herself was low 645 00:34:47,002 --> 00:34:49,879 until she left there and decided that, you know, 646 00:34:49,879 --> 00:34:53,550 I’m really up here and I’m going to do something 647 00:34:53,550 --> 00:34:56,136 about this situation, I have the power. 648 00:34:56,136 --> 00:34:58,471 I can do it. 649 00:35:11,526 --> 00:35:13,069 After the Civil Rights Movements 650 00:35:13,069 --> 00:35:15,405 I’ve gotten to a point where Black people 651 00:35:15,405 --> 00:35:17,490 had gotten the right to go to Francis Marion Hotel 652 00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:18,950 in the city of Charleston. 653 00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:20,535 But we couldn’t afford to go there 654 00:35:20,535 --> 00:35:22,495 simply because we didn’t have the money. 655 00:35:22,495 --> 00:35:25,749 So the idea about organizing union. 656 00:35:25,749 --> 00:35:29,669 The ideas from Highlander about political involvement 657 00:35:29,669 --> 00:35:34,716 lead us into the Hospital Workers Organization. 658 00:35:34,716 --> 00:35:37,177 We recognized for a long time the plight 659 00:35:37,177 --> 00:35:40,055 of the hospital workers and the low country newsletter 660 00:35:40,055 --> 00:35:43,141 we were doing we were publishing articles 661 00:35:43,141 --> 00:35:45,977 about the hospital workers and the injustices 662 00:35:45,977 --> 00:35:49,272 that were going on at the hospitals. 663 00:35:49,272 --> 00:35:51,483 They were not paying minimum wage. 664 00:35:51,483 --> 00:35:54,986 There were no differential between a nurses aid 665 00:35:54,986 --> 00:35:58,323 and a licensed practical nurse or registered nurse. 666 00:35:58,323 --> 00:36:02,786 People got fired at will if the supervisions didn’t like them. 667 00:36:02,786 --> 00:36:05,288 So when three of the nurses got fired 668 00:36:05,288 --> 00:36:07,665 one of the nurses came to me and said, 669 00:36:07,665 --> 00:36:09,793 "You know, three of my friends got fired. 670 00:36:09,793 --> 00:36:11,503 Can you help us?" 671 00:36:11,503 --> 00:36:14,923 So we said "Next Tuesday night we want each one of you 672 00:36:14,923 --> 00:36:17,050 to bring one of your friends from the hospital 673 00:36:17,050 --> 00:36:19,344 that you know that you can trust." 674 00:36:19,344 --> 00:36:21,971 And the next week they brought four more 675 00:36:21,971 --> 00:36:27,268 and we did that for four until we got about 300. 676 00:36:27,268 --> 00:36:30,313 When we got through about a year or so of that, 677 00:36:30,313 --> 00:36:33,358 I mean, people were really, really proud. 678 00:36:33,358 --> 00:36:36,069 We wanted the president of the medical university hospital 679 00:36:36,069 --> 00:36:38,571 to sit down with the workers 680 00:36:38,571 --> 00:36:41,116 and listen to their problems 681 00:36:41,116 --> 00:36:44,536 and he refused to do that. 682 00:36:44,536 --> 00:36:47,705 The Hospital Workers Recognizing March of 1969 683 00:36:47,705 --> 00:36:49,874 that they had to unionize. 684 00:36:49,874 --> 00:36:54,295 1199 out of New York and SCLC was called in. 685 00:36:54,295 --> 00:36:56,381 After that, the Hospital Administration 686 00:36:56,381 --> 00:36:59,884 arbitrarily fired 12 of the workers 687 00:36:59,884 --> 00:37:04,848 and that in turn forced a strike. 688 00:37:04,848 --> 00:37:08,518 I do not believe this is a Civil Rights issue whatsoever. 689 00:37:08,518 --> 00:37:10,979 Why not? 690 00:37:14,858 --> 00:37:16,985 I just don’t believe it’s a Civil Rights issue. 691 00:37:16,985 --> 00:37:22,490 They are working for wages at jobs 692 00:37:22,490 --> 00:37:28,663 which have no relation to race, creed, 693 00:37:28,663 --> 00:37:30,331 sex or anything else. 694 00:37:30,331 --> 00:37:32,542 When you’re working around people who discriminate 695 00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:34,669 against you you just really feel like, you know, 696 00:37:34,669 --> 00:37:38,131 fighting all the time because you know, 697 00:37:38,131 --> 00:37:40,925 "hey girl" and they had these nicknames. 698 00:37:40,925 --> 00:37:43,511 They call you like (indistinct slurs) and all this 699 00:37:43,511 --> 00:37:48,516 carrying on, I think all of us due to respect. 700 00:37:48,516 --> 00:37:51,644 When we first really start picketing the hospitals 701 00:37:51,644 --> 00:37:53,229 somehow they start ordering an injunction 702 00:37:53,229 --> 00:37:54,481 that you couldn’t picket. 703 00:37:54,481 --> 00:37:57,108 That’s when so many of us got arrested. 704 00:37:57,108 --> 00:37:59,986 That’s when I realized that we had to get 705 00:37:59,986 --> 00:38:02,238 the whole Black community involved 706 00:38:02,238 --> 00:38:04,824 if we were going to win this thing. 707 00:38:04,824 --> 00:38:08,077 We were women and we didn’t have no weapons or nothing. 708 00:38:08,077 --> 00:38:09,746 I felt like they wouldn’t hardly hit us 709 00:38:09,746 --> 00:38:12,081 with those big clubs and things. 710 00:38:12,081 --> 00:38:15,210 And we didn’t run out to fight them, not with no fist fight 711 00:38:15,210 --> 00:38:16,961 We went out to fight them, you know, 712 00:38:16,961 --> 00:38:19,255 with the law on our side. 713 00:38:19,255 --> 00:38:24,052 You know, to try to win through the law. 714 00:38:24,052 --> 00:38:26,346 Doing all the organizing and everything 715 00:38:26,346 --> 00:38:28,848 I had a full time job and as a matter of fact, 716 00:38:28,848 --> 00:38:31,142 I was fortunate enough that my employer 717 00:38:31,142 --> 00:38:34,187 put a private telephone by my sewing machine 718 00:38:34,187 --> 00:38:37,232 so I could make my calls and people could communicate 719 00:38:37,232 --> 00:38:39,817 with me during the day while I was at the mattress factory. 720 00:38:39,817 --> 00:38:42,320 But I worked eight hours at the mattress factory 721 00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:44,280 five and a half days a week while we were doing 722 00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:46,533 all these other things. 723 00:38:46,533 --> 00:38:50,495 I went to pool rooms and bars 724 00:38:50,495 --> 00:38:52,413 and nightclubs and other places 725 00:38:52,413 --> 00:38:54,123 and met with people. 726 00:38:54,123 --> 00:38:56,334 With beauticians and barbers 727 00:38:56,334 --> 00:38:59,796 and Black restaurants who have given strikers food free 728 00:38:59,796 --> 00:39:02,340 or doing their hair, there was just so many things 729 00:39:02,340 --> 00:39:04,926 that were really a part of that. 730 00:39:04,926 --> 00:39:09,055 All of the organizing was done from within. 731 00:39:09,055 --> 00:39:11,808 It’s like the gospel song Lucy 732 00:39:11,808 --> 00:39:13,685 that maybe I cannot sing like angels 733 00:39:13,685 --> 00:39:15,228 or maybe I cannot preach like Paul 734 00:39:15,228 --> 00:39:16,521 but I can tell this story. 735 00:39:16,521 --> 00:39:19,023 I can do this. 736 00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:20,817 Like nobody else can 737 00:39:20,817 --> 00:39:22,777 and that is the kind of motivation that we did 738 00:39:22,777 --> 00:39:24,362 with the hospital workers, we had guys 739 00:39:24,362 --> 00:39:26,864 who were just able to tell stories, 740 00:39:26,864 --> 00:39:29,450 make people laugh when we were in jail. 741 00:39:29,450 --> 00:39:31,452 There were people that did sing. 742 00:39:31,452 --> 00:39:33,079 There were people that did stand up 743 00:39:33,079 --> 00:39:35,582 and look ugly and scared people. 744 00:39:35,582 --> 00:39:37,709 We were able to make sure that they understood 745 00:39:37,709 --> 00:39:40,169 where they did had a role to play 746 00:39:40,169 --> 00:39:42,005 and they felt good about it. 747 00:39:42,005 --> 00:39:44,632 (indistinct singing) 748 00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:28,468 And as that strike progressed you’re talking about 749 00:40:28,468 --> 00:40:32,639 the city of Charleston being closed down for 100 days. 750 00:40:32,639 --> 00:40:36,559 I mean, all of the hotels in the city was empty. 751 00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:39,228 It began to bring the business leadership together 752 00:40:39,228 --> 00:40:41,731 in Charleston to recognize 753 00:40:41,731 --> 00:40:44,525 that they were vulnerable to poor people. 754 00:40:44,525 --> 00:40:46,736 Especially poor Black people. 755 00:40:46,736 --> 00:40:49,113 We are returning to a new relationship 756 00:40:49,113 --> 00:40:51,532 with mutual respect and dignity 757 00:40:51,532 --> 00:40:53,993 to bring the workers, the county counsel, 758 00:40:53,993 --> 00:40:57,872 the hospital administration and the entire community. 759 00:40:57,872 --> 00:41:01,876 Ms. Simmons, what do you think this strike accomplished? 760 00:41:01,876 --> 00:41:07,215 Well, we gained recognition as human beings for one. 761 00:41:07,215 --> 00:41:13,304 We gained that recognition as human beings. 762 00:41:13,304 --> 00:41:15,515 When we first got started then when we got to about 763 00:41:15,515 --> 00:41:20,144 maybe 80 or 90 people we had some Whites to come in 764 00:41:20,144 --> 00:41:22,897 and again, the Whites really had problems 765 00:41:22,897 --> 00:41:25,191 because the Blacks were suspicious 766 00:41:25,191 --> 00:41:28,611 of the Whites being there and there were Black spies 767 00:41:28,611 --> 00:41:30,655 that were a part of the group that went back 768 00:41:30,655 --> 00:41:33,491 and reported to the head of the hospital 769 00:41:33,491 --> 00:41:35,618 that these Whites were there so they suffered 770 00:41:35,618 --> 00:41:38,788 from both sides of it but it was really an experience for me 771 00:41:38,788 --> 00:41:41,582 because again, I was able to learn that there were 772 00:41:41,582 --> 00:41:45,378 Whites that were suffering the same way the Blacks were, 773 00:41:45,378 --> 00:41:47,088 that relates to economics. 774 00:41:47,088 --> 00:41:49,382 Not having access to all of the restrooms. 775 00:41:49,382 --> 00:41:50,967 Not getting into the lunch room. 776 00:41:50,967 --> 00:41:52,468 They didn’t have those problems. 777 00:41:52,468 --> 00:41:54,637 But actually, they weren’t making any money 778 00:41:54,637 --> 00:41:56,472 and that’s where the problem lies because any time 779 00:41:56,472 --> 00:41:58,307 a person is making enough money 780 00:41:58,307 --> 00:42:01,436 you can buy a lookout for your own self. 781 00:42:01,436 --> 00:42:03,771 So I began to realize more and more, 782 00:42:03,771 --> 00:42:06,566 although it was subconsciously, 783 00:42:06,566 --> 00:42:09,318 we live in a class system in this country. 784 00:42:09,318 --> 00:42:12,363 There was a devise rule 785 00:42:12,363 --> 00:42:15,241 that keeps us separated. 786 00:42:15,241 --> 00:42:17,535 Although we’re both poor it keeps us separated 787 00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:22,915 over some trivial things that we don’t realize. 788 00:42:22,915 --> 00:42:26,502 (guitar music) 789 00:42:26,502 --> 00:42:29,505 I come from the mountain 790 00:42:29,505 --> 00:42:33,259 Kentucky’s my home 791 00:42:33,259 --> 00:42:36,220 Where the wild deer and the black bears 792 00:42:36,220 --> 00:42:39,932 So lately did roam 793 00:42:39,932 --> 00:42:43,144 By the cool, rushing waterfall 794 00:42:43,144 --> 00:42:46,731 Wildflowers dream 795 00:42:46,731 --> 00:42:49,734 Through every green valley 796 00:42:49,734 --> 00:42:53,488 There runs a clear stream 797 00:42:53,488 --> 00:42:56,407 Now there’s scenes of destruction 798 00:42:56,407 --> 00:43:00,661 On every hand 799 00:43:00,661 --> 00:43:03,164 And there’s only black water 800 00:43:03,164 --> 00:43:07,210 Runs down through the land 801 00:43:07,210 --> 00:43:10,171 Sad scenes of destruction 802 00:43:10,171 --> 00:43:14,008 On every hand 803 00:43:14,008 --> 00:43:16,928 Black water, black water 804 00:43:16,928 --> 00:43:21,140 Runs down through the land 805 00:43:25,478 --> 00:43:28,815 (indistinct) children were almost killed that day. 806 00:43:28,815 --> 00:43:30,775 The water gets deeper in the house, 807 00:43:30,775 --> 00:43:33,528 and I just panicked, and took ’em in the mountains, 808 00:43:33,528 --> 00:43:37,490 and the men that rescued us met side the mountain. 809 00:43:37,490 --> 00:43:42,620 Uh, we just crossed the bridge and the bridge washed out. 810 00:43:42,620 --> 00:43:45,748 So, I guess mercy’s the Lord, or we’d been dead. 811 00:43:45,748 --> 00:43:49,460 And what we found out about Cranks Creek was, 812 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:52,004 after this big hard rain in April, 813 00:43:52,004 --> 00:43:55,341 it filled in these bottoms in the creeks, 814 00:43:55,341 --> 00:43:57,677 and, uh, with less rainfall, 815 00:43:57,677 --> 00:44:00,847 we’s getting a lot more damage from the strip mining, 816 00:44:00,847 --> 00:44:04,517 and, um, I think it wound up we had seven floods here, 817 00:44:04,517 --> 00:44:07,270 like, three years, seven floods. 818 00:44:07,270 --> 00:44:09,939 It washes all the trees, it’s loosed them, 819 00:44:09,939 --> 00:44:11,941 and, uh, the rocks and debris, 820 00:44:11,941 --> 00:44:14,735 and it just feels like everything’s solid. 821 00:44:14,735 --> 00:44:16,988 The water ain’t got nowhere to go, 822 00:44:16,988 --> 00:44:19,699 and, uh-- 823 00:44:19,699 --> 00:44:21,409 you don’t hardly have to look twice, you know, 824 00:44:21,409 --> 00:44:23,202 to see where it come from. 825 00:44:24,954 --> 00:44:27,290 (bird squawking) 826 00:44:27,290 --> 00:44:30,626 Between 1950 and 1977, 827 00:44:30,626 --> 00:44:33,588 Cranks Creek in Harlan County, Kentucky, 828 00:44:33,588 --> 00:44:35,756 was one of the most heavily strip-mined areas 829 00:44:35,756 --> 00:44:38,426 in the Appalachian region. 830 00:44:38,426 --> 00:44:41,053 In strip mining, earth-moving machinery 831 00:44:41,053 --> 00:44:43,180 cuts into the side of a mountain 832 00:44:43,180 --> 00:44:44,974 to reach a seam of coal that may be 833 00:44:44,974 --> 00:44:48,394 as much as 200 feet below the surface. 834 00:44:48,394 --> 00:44:50,897 The trees, the rocks, and the earth 835 00:44:50,897 --> 00:44:53,065 that get displaced in the process 836 00:44:53,065 --> 00:44:55,318 gradually move down the mountainside, 837 00:44:55,318 --> 00:44:57,612 threatening the valleys and hollows below 838 00:44:57,612 --> 00:44:59,447 where people live. 839 00:45:05,453 --> 00:45:07,163 There were some state regulations 840 00:45:07,163 --> 00:45:10,583 on strip mining, but for years these were not enforced. 841 00:45:13,002 --> 00:45:15,046 By the mid 1960s, 842 00:45:15,046 --> 00:45:17,381 protests by individuals 843 00:45:17,381 --> 00:45:20,009 grew into collective actions. 844 00:45:20,009 --> 00:45:21,636 This public pressure resulted in 845 00:45:21,636 --> 00:45:25,097 a 1977 federal strip-mining law, 846 00:45:25,097 --> 00:45:28,601 which made stronger provisions for land reclamation. 847 00:45:28,601 --> 00:45:30,686 (indistinct remarks) 848 00:45:30,686 --> 00:45:34,148 But, it’s up to people to see that laws are enforced. 849 00:45:34,148 --> 00:45:37,485 (overlapping remarks) 850 00:45:37,485 --> 00:45:39,904 (mellow music) 851 00:45:47,828 --> 00:45:52,208 Jenny’s hill got stripped away 852 00:45:52,208 --> 00:45:55,544 Jenny’s gone away 853 00:45:55,544 --> 00:45:59,423 Strip-mine operators had their say 854 00:45:59,423 --> 00:46:02,802 I see all this damage. 855 00:46:02,802 --> 00:46:05,179 All of a sudden, I had a big yearning. 856 00:46:05,179 --> 00:46:08,224 I wanted to do something. 857 00:46:08,224 --> 00:46:10,101 I went around at that point and took down 858 00:46:10,101 --> 00:46:12,478 everything people had lost. 859 00:46:15,606 --> 00:46:17,316 It was all the way from bulldozers 860 00:46:17,316 --> 00:46:20,820 down to the kids’ toys on the porch. 861 00:46:23,572 --> 00:46:26,242 So, I convinced something like 16 families 862 00:46:26,242 --> 00:46:28,786 that we had a right to sue. 863 00:46:28,786 --> 00:46:31,622 They had damaged us and they owed us something. 864 00:46:34,125 --> 00:46:36,085 The first meeting that we ever had 865 00:46:36,085 --> 00:46:38,254 with the legal aid attorneys, 866 00:46:38,254 --> 00:46:40,131 I got up and I says, "We want more 867 00:46:40,131 --> 00:46:42,216 than getting back paid for what we lost. 868 00:46:42,216 --> 00:46:44,010 We wanna get that land reclaimed, you know? 869 00:46:44,010 --> 00:46:46,470 We gotta live with that for the rest of our life." 870 00:46:48,472 --> 00:46:50,766 Right here in Harlan County, most people, 871 00:46:50,766 --> 00:46:54,020 they’ve never heard of, uh, reclamation work. 872 00:46:54,020 --> 00:46:56,397 I hadn’t neither till a month before that, 873 00:46:56,397 --> 00:46:59,984 but it rung bells with me, and I was gonna work for it. 874 00:47:02,737 --> 00:47:05,156 So, it was a long ways to convince people 875 00:47:05,156 --> 00:47:06,866 that we could do it. 876 00:47:10,453 --> 00:47:13,539 I’m not out to get nobody or shut nobody’s minds down, 877 00:47:13,539 --> 00:47:15,207 or anything like that. 878 00:47:15,207 --> 00:47:17,293 I just wanna see ’em do it better, 879 00:47:17,293 --> 00:47:19,670 do it in a way we can live with it. 880 00:47:19,670 --> 00:47:21,130 You know, like people out of Virginia 881 00:47:21,130 --> 00:47:23,591 stripped this side of the mountain, 882 00:47:23,591 --> 00:47:27,178 and, uh, Orphan Lane can’t even reclaim it, 883 00:47:27,178 --> 00:47:30,806 because it’s up in a lawsuit somewheres, you know? 884 00:47:30,806 --> 00:47:34,477 So, they aren’t being held responsible for what they do. 885 00:47:34,477 --> 00:47:38,439 Through faith in my Savior 886 00:47:38,439 --> 00:47:42,359 And His wonderful love 887 00:47:42,359 --> 00:47:44,403 I could almost 888 00:47:44,403 --> 00:47:46,072 And I guess it would’ve been ’78 889 00:47:46,072 --> 00:47:48,199 when I started coming here 890 00:47:48,199 --> 00:47:51,160 to the Highlander Center. 891 00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:54,246 At that time I didn’t have no lifetime commitment 892 00:47:54,246 --> 00:47:55,664 to what I was doing. 893 00:47:55,664 --> 00:47:57,208 (chuckling) 894 00:47:57,208 --> 00:47:59,418 I think, you know like with me, 895 00:47:59,418 --> 00:48:02,797 you work up to your full capacity, 896 00:48:02,797 --> 00:48:04,465 you gotta have something to build you up 897 00:48:04,465 --> 00:48:07,968 before you can go any further. 898 00:48:07,968 --> 00:48:10,596 So, workshops is the way to do that. 899 00:48:10,596 --> 00:48:12,973 Starfire has another roadblock 900 00:48:12,973 --> 00:48:15,559 on a road that they claim. 901 00:48:15,559 --> 00:48:19,188 I met a lot of good people that was working with problems 902 00:48:19,188 --> 00:48:21,065 similar to what I was trying to do, 903 00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:24,527 and sometimes I’ll sit around for five, six hours 904 00:48:24,527 --> 00:48:26,529 just listening to other people talk. 905 00:48:26,529 --> 00:48:28,072 I like that. 906 00:48:28,072 --> 00:48:29,448 You can learn a lot. 907 00:48:29,448 --> 00:48:30,825 They’ve got a contract by the town here 908 00:48:30,825 --> 00:48:32,576 to take care of their waste. 909 00:48:32,576 --> 00:48:34,537 I don’t know if it means that much to everybody, 910 00:48:34,537 --> 00:48:36,622 but you know, it has me. 911 00:48:36,622 --> 00:48:38,415 We’re not glad you all got a problem, 912 00:48:38,415 --> 00:48:42,920 but it--you know, to know that everybody has got it, 913 00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:45,214 and that we’re not the only people in the world. 914 00:48:45,214 --> 00:48:46,841 Sometimes we feel like, you know, 915 00:48:46,841 --> 00:48:48,175 we are the only people in the world, 916 00:48:48,175 --> 00:48:50,553 and that we’re fighting the world. 917 00:48:50,553 --> 00:48:53,639 Back there in ’77, 918 00:48:53,639 --> 00:48:56,058 uh, uh-- 919 00:48:56,058 --> 00:48:58,060 they (indistinct mumbles) the whole mountain, 920 00:48:58,060 --> 00:49:00,813 but it just pushed off into the hollers and things, 921 00:49:00,813 --> 00:49:03,774 and any time that you do that, you expect for 922 00:49:03,774 --> 00:49:05,693 your property to go down. 923 00:49:05,693 --> 00:49:08,654 All that silt and stuff come off into the hollers and things, 924 00:49:08,654 --> 00:49:12,241 and from that, uh, 925 00:49:12,241 --> 00:49:15,202 if you talk with ’em, nobody wanna buy the blame 926 00:49:15,202 --> 00:49:17,705 after it’s destroyed. 927 00:49:17,705 --> 00:49:20,583 The governor passed a law, they set up a reclamation fund, 928 00:49:20,583 --> 00:49:22,209 and y’all were one community, I know where the mountains 929 00:49:22,209 --> 00:49:24,211 -has won some of that. -That was a million dollars 930 00:49:24,211 --> 00:49:26,255 to get dredging done with, 931 00:49:26,255 --> 00:49:28,799 and that was like three years of hard work. 932 00:49:28,799 --> 00:49:32,553 You gotta convince the state, then the federal. 933 00:49:32,553 --> 00:49:36,265 So, right now the only things about it makes it bad 934 00:49:36,265 --> 00:49:38,517 is they’re saying we’re not gonna get any more 935 00:49:38,517 --> 00:49:42,104 of this county work done till the states gets primacy, 936 00:49:42,104 --> 00:49:45,065 which that could be never, see. 937 00:49:45,065 --> 00:49:47,943 Now that bothers me. 938 00:49:47,943 --> 00:49:49,695 So, you can’t get any more of that federal money 939 00:49:49,695 --> 00:49:51,989 till the state takes over control of the law. 940 00:49:51,989 --> 00:49:55,201 This is what states would like for us to believe. 941 00:49:55,201 --> 00:49:58,204 ’Course, I don’t think that, uh, 942 00:49:58,204 --> 00:50:02,541 probably they could hold down something like this for long. 943 00:50:02,541 --> 00:50:06,128 My education was just like a big black spot in my life. 944 00:50:06,128 --> 00:50:09,173 I couldn’t go beyond that, I thought. 945 00:50:09,173 --> 00:50:12,218 Um, I thought probably 946 00:50:12,218 --> 00:50:14,011 if you tried to do things like I do, 947 00:50:14,011 --> 00:50:17,890 you’d need need a--you know, like a college degree. 948 00:50:17,890 --> 00:50:21,185 But, if you ain’t got it, you have to go on without it. 949 00:50:21,185 --> 00:50:25,022 So, I found out, uh, 950 00:50:25,022 --> 00:50:27,024 you don’t have to be educated, you know, 951 00:50:27,024 --> 00:50:29,485 to do what you have to do. 952 00:50:29,485 --> 00:50:31,904 (bluegrass music) 953 00:50:45,459 --> 00:50:49,046 That little center of ours is very precious to me. 954 00:50:49,046 --> 00:50:51,715 We do some things the Highlander don’t do, 955 00:50:51,715 --> 00:50:54,760 but as far as educational purposes, 956 00:50:54,760 --> 00:50:57,972 I have used the Highlander to (indistinct) there and back. 957 00:51:02,351 --> 00:51:05,521 People dreads us saying something from the center, 958 00:51:05,521 --> 00:51:07,523 because there is a group of us, 959 00:51:07,523 --> 00:51:09,817 a lot more than they would if it was said 960 00:51:09,817 --> 00:51:12,820 that Becky Simpson was doing something. 961 00:51:12,820 --> 00:51:15,864 All of us can’t be wrong, so it’s a source of power 962 00:51:15,864 --> 00:51:18,075 when you wanna involve a lot of people 963 00:51:18,075 --> 00:51:20,077 in what you’re doing. 964 00:51:22,913 --> 00:51:25,332 (indistinct remarks) 965 00:51:33,382 --> 00:51:35,718 Well, I’ve learned you can’t quit at one time. 966 00:51:35,718 --> 00:51:37,261 You know, like some of the easements, 967 00:51:37,261 --> 00:51:39,221 I’ve tried to get to have land worked on, 968 00:51:39,221 --> 00:51:41,724 I’ve had to go back about 10 times. 969 00:51:41,724 --> 00:51:43,434 So, I’ve learned you don’t just quit 970 00:51:43,434 --> 00:51:45,352 when you’re denied once. 971 00:51:45,352 --> 00:51:47,062 You go on to a different source, 972 00:51:47,062 --> 00:51:49,398 and, uh--and keep trying. 973 00:51:49,398 --> 00:51:51,358 You gotta keep trying. 974 00:51:51,358 --> 00:51:53,777 (birds chirping) 975 00:51:57,656 --> 00:51:59,908 I think a lot of times people who struggle 976 00:51:59,908 --> 00:52:02,703 and have only limited success 977 00:52:02,703 --> 00:52:06,332 feel that they aren’t making a contribution. 978 00:52:06,332 --> 00:52:08,792 But, the truth of the matter is 979 00:52:08,792 --> 00:52:11,003 that social movements 980 00:52:11,003 --> 00:52:13,756 and all basic changes 981 00:52:13,756 --> 00:52:15,799 are the outgrowth 982 00:52:15,799 --> 00:52:18,677 of a lot of people doing a lot of things, 983 00:52:18,677 --> 00:52:20,179 and they’re laying the groundwork. 984 00:52:20,179 --> 00:52:21,722 That’s one thing, the other thing is 985 00:52:21,722 --> 00:52:24,516 that the quantity of what takes place 986 00:52:24,516 --> 00:52:28,312 is being determined partially by all these efforts 987 00:52:28,312 --> 00:52:31,023 that are getting carried on today. 988 00:52:31,023 --> 00:52:32,566 So, people should understand 989 00:52:32,566 --> 00:52:34,026 that they’re making a contribution 990 00:52:34,026 --> 00:52:36,779 that won’t be realized 991 00:52:36,779 --> 00:52:40,282 until a lot of people come together, 992 00:52:40,282 --> 00:52:43,285 uh, and start putting these building blocks 993 00:52:43,285 --> 00:52:45,371 into a structure. 994 00:52:51,126 --> 00:52:54,338 Way up in a mountain 995 00:52:54,338 --> 00:52:59,218 Where our friends listen and beware 996 00:52:59,218 --> 00:53:03,055 When he’s calling from the landfill 997 00:53:03,055 --> 00:53:06,892 There’s no peace for people there 998 00:53:06,892 --> 00:53:11,438 They’re afraid for the children 999 00:53:11,438 --> 00:53:15,234 And the poison in the land 1000 00:53:15,234 --> 00:53:19,655 And they’re fearful for the future 1001 00:53:19,655 --> 00:53:24,118 But together took a stand 1002 00:53:24,118 --> 00:53:27,413 From 1972 to 1979, 1003 00:53:27,413 --> 00:53:29,665 hazardous chemical wastes were dropped through 1004 00:53:29,665 --> 00:53:32,501 the East Tennessee community of Bumpass Cove, 1005 00:53:32,501 --> 00:53:35,879 and dumped in a landfill at the end of the road. 1006 00:53:35,879 --> 00:53:37,631 The company in charge of the dumping 1007 00:53:37,631 --> 00:53:41,051 claimed it was bringing in ordinary wastes. 1008 00:53:41,051 --> 00:53:42,845 It was supposed to be household garbage. 1009 00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:44,805 That’s what they told us, 1010 00:53:44,805 --> 00:53:47,641 and that was okay, because we didn’t know nothing, 1011 00:53:47,641 --> 00:53:49,977 but we’d seen garbage dumps around before. 1012 00:53:49,977 --> 00:53:52,271 They bury papers and boxes and stuff, 1013 00:53:52,271 --> 00:53:54,106 and we didn’t think it was wrong. 1014 00:53:54,106 --> 00:53:55,774 They give people jobs. 1015 00:53:55,774 --> 00:53:57,734 That’s the first thing they done was come into the community 1016 00:53:57,734 --> 00:54:00,821 and give people jobs, and God knows they needed it, 1017 00:54:00,821 --> 00:54:02,364 and they give my husband a job, 1018 00:54:02,364 --> 00:54:04,074 and they give Mary Lee’s sister a job 1019 00:54:04,074 --> 00:54:05,993 as a secretary, 1020 00:54:05,993 --> 00:54:09,621 and, uh, we was really glad for it to come in. 1021 00:54:09,621 --> 00:54:11,373 Well, then that washed a while, 1022 00:54:11,373 --> 00:54:14,460 just worked around the landfill and stuff 1023 00:54:14,460 --> 00:54:16,795 till a truck driving job come open, and then I started 1024 00:54:16,795 --> 00:54:19,339 driving the Dumpmaster for ’em. 1025 00:54:19,339 --> 00:54:22,634 -And what did you haul? -Uh, mostly hauled garbage, 1026 00:54:22,634 --> 00:54:25,429 but I hauled some chemicals. 1027 00:54:25,429 --> 00:54:28,765 Uh, supposedly chemicals, it was 55-gallon barrels. 1028 00:54:28,765 --> 00:54:31,143 Richard’s brother, Hobert Story, 1029 00:54:31,143 --> 00:54:33,854 kept saying, "There’s bad things in the dump. 1030 00:54:33,854 --> 00:54:35,814 They’re hauling stuff up where they shouldn’t haul," 1031 00:54:35,814 --> 00:54:38,692 but none of us would listen to what Hobert was saying. 1032 00:54:38,692 --> 00:54:41,236 And even if I had known what was happening, 1033 00:54:41,236 --> 00:54:43,405 I didn’t think there was anything I could do. 1034 00:54:43,405 --> 00:54:47,326 I thought, "Well, the state’s on top of the Health Department, 1035 00:54:47,326 --> 00:54:50,078 and they’ll take it out, and if there’s anything, 1036 00:54:50,078 --> 00:54:52,372 you know, that’s that bad, they’ll let us know, 1037 00:54:52,372 --> 00:54:53,707 or they’ll stop it, they’re pretty well 1038 00:54:53,707 --> 00:54:56,168 on top of the situation." 1039 00:54:56,168 --> 00:54:58,504 Well, 1040 00:54:58,504 --> 00:55:01,715 but Hobert knew from-- 1041 00:55:01,715 --> 00:55:04,760 from reading, apparently, 1042 00:55:04,760 --> 00:55:06,970 what was happening, but he’s--he’d say, 1043 00:55:06,970 --> 00:55:08,639 "I get sick, you know, 1044 00:55:08,639 --> 00:55:09,890 when the stuff would come by." 1045 00:55:09,890 --> 00:55:11,308 And you’d go out and talk to him and say, 1046 00:55:11,308 --> 00:55:13,143 "What is it? 1047 00:55:13,143 --> 00:55:14,978 I wanna know what it is, because the stuff’s about to 1048 00:55:14,978 --> 00:55:17,189 smother me to death when you pass my house with it." 1049 00:55:17,189 --> 00:55:19,024 The companies would say, "Well, what do you mean? 1050 00:55:19,024 --> 00:55:20,943 We don’t know what you’re talking about." 1051 00:55:20,943 --> 00:55:23,403 So, he sensed that something pretty quickly was going on 1052 00:55:23,403 --> 00:55:24,988 right from the beginning. 1053 00:55:24,988 --> 00:55:26,907 (whirring) 1054 00:55:26,907 --> 00:55:30,494 So, he started documenting with his 8-millimeter camera. 1055 00:55:30,494 --> 00:55:32,704 (whirring) 1056 00:55:32,704 --> 00:55:34,373 He was trying to keep a record 1057 00:55:34,373 --> 00:55:36,416 of what the trucks were dumping, 1058 00:55:36,416 --> 00:55:41,213 noting the company name, you know, on the trucks. 1059 00:55:41,213 --> 00:55:43,131 Find out where it was coming from. 1060 00:55:43,131 --> 00:55:45,300 Talking around and asking question. 1061 00:55:45,300 --> 00:55:47,719 Just knew everything he knew. 1062 00:55:47,719 --> 00:55:50,138 (clicking) 1063 00:55:52,432 --> 00:55:54,017 Well, he went from house to house, 1064 00:55:54,017 --> 00:55:55,811 and he tried to tell people, 1065 00:55:55,811 --> 00:55:57,688 but people just didn’t believe you. 1066 00:55:57,688 --> 00:56:00,357 They thought he was crazy, crackpot, trouble maker. 1067 00:56:02,818 --> 00:56:06,113 About 1:30 one morning, he followed a truck in here. 1068 00:56:06,113 --> 00:56:08,907 It was marked, "Radioactive," 1069 00:56:08,907 --> 00:56:11,159 and watched it go in the landfill and dump it, 1070 00:56:11,159 --> 00:56:15,038 and we suspect that them four spots over there is-- 1071 00:56:15,038 --> 00:56:17,791 where the grass won’t grow is where they dumped that stuff. 1072 00:56:17,791 --> 00:56:19,835 (insects chirping) 1073 00:56:19,835 --> 00:56:21,837 Guy that opened this landfill up 1074 00:56:21,837 --> 00:56:23,630 worked for the State Health Department 1075 00:56:23,630 --> 00:56:25,382 at the time, 1076 00:56:25,382 --> 00:56:27,634 and he went around to all the counties, 1077 00:56:27,634 --> 00:56:30,637 condemned all the landfills, closed them down. 1078 00:56:30,637 --> 00:56:32,931 Then, he quit the state, and come up here 1079 00:56:32,931 --> 00:56:35,267 and opened this landfill up. 1080 00:56:35,267 --> 00:56:36,727 The scoundrel, 1081 00:56:36,727 --> 00:56:38,478 he just went around and any place 1082 00:56:38,478 --> 00:56:40,272 that they had something they couldn’t get rid of 1083 00:56:40,272 --> 00:56:42,274 anywhere else, he’d take a contract 1084 00:56:42,274 --> 00:56:44,192 to get rid of it. 1085 00:56:44,192 --> 00:56:46,695 They came from Arapahoe Chemical, 1086 00:56:46,695 --> 00:56:48,614 Tennessee Eastman, Westinghouse, 1087 00:56:48,614 --> 00:56:51,199 General Electric, Vasocon, 1088 00:56:51,199 --> 00:56:53,243 from down Chattanooga way. 1089 00:56:53,243 --> 00:56:56,872 All industries in Upper East Tennessee. 1090 00:56:56,872 --> 00:56:58,498 A lot, a lot of trucks. 1091 00:56:58,498 --> 00:57:01,043 30, 40 truckloads a day sometimes 1092 00:57:01,043 --> 00:57:05,047 for 7 years went to and fro this landfill. 1093 00:57:05,047 --> 00:57:06,882 (bird squawking) 1094 00:57:06,882 --> 00:57:09,134 There sure was a lot of it. 1095 00:57:11,386 --> 00:57:12,971 A lot of people started getting sick, 1096 00:57:12,971 --> 00:57:15,098 and in fact we had a couple of deaths 1097 00:57:15,098 --> 00:57:16,975 that wasn’t related to something 1098 00:57:16,975 --> 00:57:19,061 like people was used to, 1099 00:57:19,061 --> 00:57:21,355 and they see how it was wrapped. 1100 00:57:21,355 --> 00:57:23,023 One time I actually had to lay my head 1101 00:57:23,023 --> 00:57:24,399 in on the ice in the refrigerator 1102 00:57:24,399 --> 00:57:26,526 to keep from passing out while I was cooking 1103 00:57:26,526 --> 00:57:28,445 until I could go lay down, 1104 00:57:28,445 --> 00:57:30,781 and, uh, Pam, one of my daughters, 1105 00:57:30,781 --> 00:57:32,532 she started taking passing-out spells, 1106 00:57:32,532 --> 00:57:34,242 and she was just about four years old, 1107 00:57:34,242 --> 00:57:35,494 and I always have to work with her 1108 00:57:35,494 --> 00:57:37,788 to get her till she could breathe. 1109 00:57:37,788 --> 00:57:39,706 And Angie, my other daughter, she was having 1110 00:57:39,706 --> 00:57:44,044 real severe headaches, and it scared me to death. 1111 00:57:44,044 --> 00:57:46,546 (solemn music) 1112 00:57:46,546 --> 00:57:48,965 (sloshing) 1113 00:58:00,727 --> 00:58:03,271 Finally one day there was a flood, 1114 00:58:03,271 --> 00:58:05,732 and barrels washed out from the landfill 1115 00:58:05,732 --> 00:58:07,984 down into the creek, on into the river. 1116 00:58:11,655 --> 00:58:15,200 That day we decided that something had to be done. 1117 00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:17,119 So, all the men got together, they just said, 1118 00:58:17,119 --> 00:58:20,122 "Well, we’ll stop the trucks in the morning at 5:00." 1119 00:58:20,122 --> 00:58:22,958 And at 6:00 in the morning, there was 200 people 1120 00:58:22,958 --> 00:58:25,669 standing out in the road to stop the truck, 1121 00:58:25,669 --> 00:58:27,963 and it started from that point right there. 1122 00:59:24,311 --> 00:59:27,647 The way I was raised is to tend to my business, 1123 00:59:27,647 --> 00:59:30,859 and let everybody else tend to his own business. 1124 00:59:30,859 --> 00:59:33,361 But, the more I thought about it, the more I seen 1125 00:59:33,361 --> 00:59:35,947 that it was gonna interfere with my business 1126 00:59:35,947 --> 00:59:37,866 in, uh--in the future. 1127 00:59:37,866 --> 00:59:39,451 I didn’t know that from that step 1128 00:59:39,451 --> 00:59:41,620 there was no going back. 1129 00:59:41,620 --> 00:59:43,330 I was just trying to help a friend. 1130 00:59:43,330 --> 00:59:45,832 I was trying to help myself, and-- 1131 00:59:45,832 --> 00:59:47,375 We thought it would be a one-day, 1132 00:59:47,375 --> 00:59:50,003 maybe three days at the most, thing, you know, 1133 00:59:50,003 --> 00:59:51,546 and it would all be over. 1134 00:59:51,546 --> 00:59:55,008 We’d stop the trucks, and that’d be it. 1135 00:59:55,008 --> 00:59:56,843 But, it’s never over. 1136 00:59:56,843 --> 00:59:58,637 We just go from day to day. 1137 01:00:00,722 --> 01:00:04,017 We have changed so much. 1138 01:00:04,017 --> 01:00:07,187 I didn’t like the way I was. 1139 01:00:07,187 --> 01:00:08,730 (sighing) 1140 01:00:08,730 --> 01:00:11,149 -Ignorant. -A housewife. 1141 01:00:11,149 --> 01:00:12,818 A housewife. 1142 01:00:12,818 --> 01:00:16,029 Uh, we weren’t involved in anything, 1143 01:00:16,029 --> 01:00:18,114 because we didn’t feel like we know enough 1144 01:00:18,114 --> 01:00:19,908 to be involved in anything. 1145 01:00:19,908 --> 01:00:21,868 Felt like your education was inadequate 1146 01:00:21,868 --> 01:00:24,746 up to--stand up, and not worth facing 1147 01:00:24,746 --> 01:00:27,290 anybody else with your problems. 1148 01:00:27,290 --> 01:00:30,418 So, Mary Lee was already working on the Saturday, 1149 01:00:30,418 --> 01:00:34,214 and she’d give me an application to fill out. 1150 01:00:34,214 --> 01:00:36,216 I wanted to work in education in some way, 1151 01:00:36,216 --> 01:00:38,927 but I knowed I needed training, because I got married at 14 1152 01:00:38,927 --> 01:00:41,304 and I don’t have that much education. 1153 01:00:41,304 --> 01:00:44,724 And, uh, when the woman come to interview us, 1154 01:00:44,724 --> 01:00:46,935 well, I--there was nothing I could say about me. 1155 01:00:46,935 --> 01:00:49,688 I told Mary Lee, I said, "I’m nobody." 1156 01:00:49,688 --> 01:00:52,023 I ain’t anything to write down. 1157 01:00:52,023 --> 01:00:54,609 -I was supposed to fill out a-- -Uh, autobiography. 1158 01:00:54,609 --> 01:00:57,320 Yeah, and there wasn’t nothing to say, you know? 1159 01:00:57,320 --> 01:00:59,948 And, uh, when the lady come to interview us, 1160 01:00:59,948 --> 01:01:02,450 she didn’t think we would ever be anything. 1161 01:01:02,450 --> 01:01:04,119 Wait a minute, let me butt in, I’m gonna explain to say 1162 01:01:04,119 --> 01:01:06,705 I wrote three pages about her. 1163 01:01:06,705 --> 01:01:09,291 No, but she wrote it, see, I couldn’t. 1164 01:01:09,291 --> 01:01:12,210 She couldn’t think of anything to say, that’s how-- 1165 01:01:12,210 --> 01:01:14,504 -I felt. -Yeah, she didn’t feel like 1166 01:01:14,504 --> 01:01:17,382 she was anybody, you know, and I wrote three pages 1167 01:01:17,382 --> 01:01:18,842 about her, ’bout that. 1168 01:01:18,842 --> 01:01:20,969 -To me, that was good. -But, uh-- 1169 01:01:20,969 --> 01:01:22,762 How much you write about yourself? 1170 01:01:22,762 --> 01:01:24,306 Page and a half. 1171 01:01:24,306 --> 01:01:26,349 The first workshop, oh, Lord, I was so scared 1172 01:01:26,349 --> 01:01:28,184 when all these other people were sitting around, 1173 01:01:28,184 --> 01:01:30,854 and they had, you know, even like high-school education, 1174 01:01:30,854 --> 01:01:33,773 some of ’em had more, and they was already involved, 1175 01:01:33,773 --> 01:01:35,442 and I was scared to death, I thought, "Oh, Lord, 1176 01:01:35,442 --> 01:01:37,527 they don't hear anything I’ve got to say." 1177 01:01:37,527 --> 01:01:40,071 But, gradually I started talking, 1178 01:01:40,071 --> 01:01:43,366 and I found out they was interested in what I had to say 1179 01:01:43,366 --> 01:01:45,744 and I had accomplished some things 1180 01:01:45,744 --> 01:01:47,787 that they hadn’t thought about, and we started sharing 1181 01:01:47,787 --> 01:01:50,332 with each other things that we had learned, 1182 01:01:50,332 --> 01:01:53,043 and each workshop got better. 1183 01:01:53,043 --> 01:01:54,836 We had gone to the Highlander Center before, 1184 01:01:54,836 --> 01:01:58,089 but we had just been there for seminars and things. 1185 01:01:58,089 --> 01:01:59,841 Then, we got Juliette to help us, 1186 01:01:59,841 --> 01:02:03,595 and we put together a list of chemicals. 1187 01:02:03,595 --> 01:02:06,056 That helped us tremendously, you wouldn’t believe. 1188 01:02:12,938 --> 01:02:14,564 We went to the State Health Department. 1189 01:02:14,564 --> 01:02:16,566 We went through all of UPSCO files. 1190 01:02:16,566 --> 01:02:20,362 Laid ’em all out on the table, and went through the whole bit, 1191 01:02:20,362 --> 01:02:23,490 and there was a lot that they did know about, 1192 01:02:23,490 --> 01:02:25,241 that they had told us over and over 1193 01:02:25,241 --> 01:02:26,785 that they didn’t know about. 1194 01:02:26,785 --> 01:02:28,828 And when we put this together, Tom Teasler, 1195 01:02:28,828 --> 01:02:31,623 he’s the Solid Waste Management, 1196 01:02:31,623 --> 01:02:34,542 he’s the head of that, I think. 1197 01:02:34,542 --> 01:02:37,629 And he--when he saw the little booklet, 1198 01:02:37,629 --> 01:02:41,341 or what order we had it in, 1199 01:02:41,341 --> 01:02:43,009 and that you could tell what it was, 1200 01:02:43,009 --> 01:02:44,719 and what the health effects was, and the amount 1201 01:02:44,719 --> 01:02:46,638 that was put into landfill. 1202 01:02:54,521 --> 01:02:56,439 He said, "Where did you get this? 1203 01:02:56,439 --> 01:02:58,441 How did you do this? Who did this for you?" 1204 01:02:58,441 --> 01:03:01,152 You know, he was amazed that we could get that 1205 01:03:01,152 --> 01:03:03,154 from his files, and actually I’m amazed 1206 01:03:03,154 --> 01:03:04,906 that we could get it from their files. 1207 01:03:04,906 --> 01:03:07,659 Some of my neighbors depend on the state telling them when-- 1208 01:03:07,659 --> 01:03:09,828 when to-- 1209 01:03:09,828 --> 01:03:11,955 It’s a danger, the state’s gonna come by and tell us, 1210 01:03:11,955 --> 01:03:13,623 but they’re not. 1211 01:03:13,623 --> 01:03:16,376 The State Health Department is not. 1212 01:03:16,376 --> 01:03:18,461 It’s gotta be--it’s gotta be 1213 01:03:18,461 --> 01:03:21,548 peopled used to falling, like, dead last 1214 01:03:21,548 --> 01:03:24,676 before they’ll ever do anything, then they’ll call it serious. 1215 01:03:24,676 --> 01:03:26,928 Well, I’d like to do something or see something done 1216 01:03:26,928 --> 01:03:29,597 before it gets to that point, ’cause I know, you know, 1217 01:03:29,597 --> 01:03:32,267 it will get to that point. 1218 01:03:32,267 --> 01:03:34,686 (birds chirping) 1219 01:03:38,857 --> 01:03:43,153 Long time ago, me and my, uh, mom and dad 1220 01:03:43,153 --> 01:03:45,989 used to come down here and fish all the time. 1221 01:03:45,989 --> 01:03:48,575 We’d catch fish and eat ’em for supper. 1222 01:03:50,410 --> 01:03:53,079 We can’t do that no more. 1223 01:03:53,079 --> 01:03:54,789 So, why are you fishing? 1224 01:03:54,789 --> 01:03:57,250 Just so I can catch it and throw it back. 1225 01:03:57,250 --> 01:04:00,253 Like the sport, like to feel ’em pull mostly. 1226 01:04:10,472 --> 01:04:13,058 People that dumped ’em in here lived off from here, 1227 01:04:13,058 --> 01:04:15,602 and they didn’t have to live with the poison in here, 1228 01:04:15,602 --> 01:04:17,520 and they just didn’t care about nobody else, 1229 01:04:17,520 --> 01:04:19,147 is my feeling about it. 1230 01:04:22,525 --> 01:04:24,527 I didn’t--I think that-- I think it 1231 01:04:24,527 --> 01:04:26,571 about the same way he thought about it. 1232 01:04:26,571 --> 01:04:27,947 They didn’t have to live in here. 1233 01:04:27,947 --> 01:04:30,825 They live a long ways away from here, 1234 01:04:30,825 --> 01:04:33,912 and they don’t have to, uh, be out and see-- 1235 01:04:33,912 --> 01:04:35,622 they don’t have to drink the water 1236 01:04:35,622 --> 01:04:37,373 from out of here. 1237 01:04:37,373 --> 01:04:40,627 Don’t have to, uh, eat any food that comes out of the mountains 1238 01:04:40,627 --> 01:04:42,170 from around here. 1239 01:04:44,255 --> 01:04:46,174 Mad, makes me mad. 1240 01:04:52,013 --> 01:04:54,099 Was born and raised here. 1241 01:04:54,099 --> 01:04:57,352 From the top of that mountain to way back in this section, 1242 01:04:57,352 --> 01:05:00,605 you can just mention, you know, certain rocks or trees, 1243 01:05:00,605 --> 01:05:02,107 and we know what you’re talking about 1244 01:05:02,107 --> 01:05:04,025 just the same as people in the city 1245 01:05:04,025 --> 01:05:06,319 describing a street, 1246 01:05:06,319 --> 01:05:09,155 you know, or a pool hall. 1247 01:05:09,155 --> 01:05:11,157 We know it that well. 1248 01:05:11,157 --> 01:05:12,575 We’ve seen it all. 1249 01:05:15,036 --> 01:05:17,997 Since I was a little bitty boy, and I’d come in in the mountain 1250 01:05:17,997 --> 01:05:21,918 with daddy, and he was born and raised here also hisself, 1251 01:05:21,918 --> 01:05:23,837 you know. 1252 01:05:23,837 --> 01:05:25,255 I’ve had people say, "Well, you know, if you’re afraid, 1253 01:05:25,255 --> 01:05:26,798 why don’t you just move out?" 1254 01:05:26,798 --> 01:05:28,424 It’s not something you can get out of-- 1255 01:05:28,424 --> 01:05:29,926 you can just slow down and say, "Oh, heck with it, 1256 01:05:29,926 --> 01:05:31,344 you know, I’d rather be somewhere else." 1257 01:05:33,888 --> 01:05:35,557 It goes deeper than that. 1258 01:05:37,851 --> 01:05:39,394 "To whom it may concern, 1259 01:05:39,394 --> 01:05:41,980 I am Gail Story, and I would like to reply 1260 01:05:41,980 --> 01:05:44,107 to my neighbor’s accusations 1261 01:05:44,107 --> 01:05:46,609 that first of all I am not communist, 1262 01:05:46,609 --> 01:05:49,863 and I have never been approached by anyone 1263 01:05:49,863 --> 01:05:51,865 that claimed to be communist, 1264 01:05:51,865 --> 01:05:54,284 and Highlander is just a name of a place 1265 01:05:54,284 --> 01:05:56,744 that has a library and people like me 1266 01:05:56,744 --> 01:06:00,206 who can go there to learn things that we should already know 1267 01:06:00,206 --> 01:06:03,585 about the schools and the laws of our country, 1268 01:06:03,585 --> 01:06:06,004 things that we, as people of the United States, 1269 01:06:06,004 --> 01:06:08,965 have a right to get, such as information 1270 01:06:08,965 --> 01:06:11,092 that is of public record. 1271 01:06:11,092 --> 01:06:13,511 As for me, I am proud to be American, 1272 01:06:13,511 --> 01:06:16,431 and I love God and the United States, 1273 01:06:16,431 --> 01:06:19,475 and I am proud to be American, and I would never do anything 1274 01:06:19,475 --> 01:06:21,227 to slander either one. 1275 01:06:23,062 --> 01:06:25,106 I’m the same person I was 10 year ago. 1276 01:06:25,106 --> 01:06:27,817 -I mean, I’m more active. -A better person. 1277 01:06:27,817 --> 01:06:30,695 But, I-- I’m a better person, right, 1278 01:06:30,695 --> 01:06:32,655 because I try to do something now. 1279 01:06:32,655 --> 01:06:34,991 10 year ago, I didn’t do anything. 1280 01:06:37,619 --> 01:06:39,454 Yeah, that’s not easy, that’s hard. 1281 01:06:39,454 --> 01:06:43,833 That--that--this communist bit hurt us a lot, it really did. 1282 01:06:43,833 --> 01:06:45,543 Why do you think you were called communists 1283 01:06:45,543 --> 01:06:47,629 for fighting against the landfill? 1284 01:06:47,629 --> 01:06:49,422 Well, at first, I didn’t know. 1285 01:06:49,422 --> 01:06:51,424 I had never been attacked like this 1286 01:06:51,424 --> 01:06:53,509 by anyone before, and I, honest to God, 1287 01:06:53,509 --> 01:06:56,930 didn’t know, that’s why it scared me so bad. 1288 01:06:56,930 --> 01:06:59,641 And then, later on, I--we realized 1289 01:06:59,641 --> 01:07:02,310 that it was because that we had organized, 1290 01:07:02,310 --> 01:07:04,812 because we was a active group, 1291 01:07:04,812 --> 01:07:07,190 and what other way to separate us up 1292 01:07:07,190 --> 01:07:09,317 if they could get us arguing between each other, 1293 01:07:09,317 --> 01:07:11,486 or suspicious of each other. 1294 01:07:11,486 --> 01:07:13,821 And in a community like this where they-- 1295 01:07:13,821 --> 01:07:15,949 people goes to church and they do love God 1296 01:07:15,949 --> 01:07:18,076 and the United States, what else would you call ’em? 1297 01:07:18,076 --> 01:07:19,577 And they call ’em communists. 1298 01:07:19,577 --> 01:07:21,621 And how could you prove that you’re not? 1299 01:07:21,621 --> 01:07:24,999 And the only way that we knowed how to work against this 1300 01:07:24,999 --> 01:07:26,876 was just keep working. 1301 01:07:26,876 --> 01:07:29,879 Just keep being strong, keep doing what we was doing, 1302 01:07:29,879 --> 01:07:33,007 and that people would-- that knowed us all of our lives 1303 01:07:33,007 --> 01:07:34,384 would see that we hadn’t changed, 1304 01:07:34,384 --> 01:07:36,469 that we was doing what was right, 1305 01:07:36,469 --> 01:07:40,348 and I’m still innocent enough to believe truth will win. 1306 01:07:40,348 --> 01:07:42,934 Mr. Robert Story will be followed by 1307 01:07:42,934 --> 01:07:44,644 Mr. Raymond Williams. 1308 01:07:44,644 --> 01:07:46,396 They go ahead and they decide to have 1309 01:07:46,396 --> 01:07:49,607 the closure of the landfill. 1310 01:07:49,607 --> 01:07:51,985 And really nothing that we said or nothing we done 1311 01:07:51,985 --> 01:07:53,778 had took any part in it. 1312 01:07:53,778 --> 01:07:56,739 They didn’t listen to nothing that we had to say. 1313 01:07:56,739 --> 01:07:59,784 I brought up the question about the clay. 1314 01:07:59,784 --> 01:08:01,744 They made fun of me. 1315 01:08:01,744 --> 01:08:04,580 All right, now it’s come up they can’t cover the landfill 1316 01:08:04,580 --> 01:08:07,333 with our clay because it hadn’t been tested, 1317 01:08:07,333 --> 01:08:09,585 and they tested it after I asked the question, 1318 01:08:09,585 --> 01:08:11,337 and it don’t work, the clay ain’t gonna 1319 01:08:11,337 --> 01:08:13,172 hold the chemicals back. 1320 01:08:13,172 --> 01:08:16,009 And at whose expense is it better 1321 01:08:16,009 --> 01:08:17,343 to leave it in this mountain? 1322 01:08:17,343 --> 01:08:18,803 Is it better for the company? 1323 01:08:18,803 --> 01:08:20,138 Is it better for the Health Department, 1324 01:08:20,138 --> 01:08:21,389 or is it better for us? 1325 01:08:21,389 --> 01:08:23,516 Because we’re being left with the poison. 1326 01:08:23,516 --> 01:08:25,935 (insects chirping) 1327 01:08:30,898 --> 01:08:32,775 Hobert’s last trip to the landfill 1328 01:08:32,775 --> 01:08:35,236 was just a couple of weeks before he died. 1329 01:08:35,236 --> 01:08:39,282 Me and Richard was with him when he collapsed. 1330 01:08:39,282 --> 01:08:41,701 Hobert was only 57 years old. 1331 01:08:41,701 --> 01:08:43,411 Well, I’m convinced 1332 01:08:43,411 --> 01:08:45,830 that the landfill’s what killed Hobert. 1333 01:08:49,584 --> 01:08:51,544 Now as much as Hobert knew and realized 1334 01:08:51,544 --> 01:08:53,504 about these things, 1335 01:08:53,504 --> 01:08:55,715 his brother said to me, "Uh, do you think 1336 01:08:55,715 --> 01:08:58,134 that something’s gonna happen up on that landfill 1337 01:08:58,134 --> 01:09:00,595 and come all the way down this far and hurt you 1338 01:09:00,595 --> 01:09:04,098 all the way down the road two or three miles away?" 1339 01:09:04,098 --> 01:09:07,185 Now, he just don’t understand. 1340 01:09:07,185 --> 01:09:11,356 He don’t--he don’t realize what’s happening. 1341 01:09:11,356 --> 01:09:13,649 Then, I ask him, "Well, 1342 01:09:13,649 --> 01:09:16,152 what about the future? 1343 01:09:16,152 --> 01:09:17,653 Have you ever thought about that?" 1344 01:09:17,653 --> 01:09:21,449 He said, "Well, you know, I’m 55 years old, 1345 01:09:21,449 --> 01:09:24,035 and I’m not gonna live no, you know, 1346 01:09:24,035 --> 01:09:27,080 another 30 years." 1347 01:09:27,080 --> 01:09:31,000 And, uh, I said, "Well, what about your grandkids?" 1348 01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:32,377 He said, "Well, I don’t have any of ’em live here." 1349 01:09:32,377 --> 01:09:33,628 And I said, "What about mine, don’t you have 1350 01:09:33,628 --> 01:09:35,797 any feeling for them?" 1351 01:09:35,797 --> 01:09:37,715 And that sort of stumped him, you know? 1352 01:09:37,715 --> 01:09:40,343 But, his thoughts never did go farther 1353 01:09:40,343 --> 01:09:42,387 than just hisself. 1354 01:09:42,387 --> 01:09:45,556 And one other old guy that just died here 1355 01:09:45,556 --> 01:09:47,266 a couple of weeks ago, 1356 01:09:47,266 --> 01:09:51,145 I heard him say, "Hell, it ain’t ever gonna hurt me." 1357 01:09:51,145 --> 01:09:54,107 And, uh, I reckon he thinks the world 1358 01:09:54,107 --> 01:09:56,484 was just gonna stop when he died, 1359 01:09:56,484 --> 01:09:59,487 or he wasn’t concerned about it any farther than that. 1360 01:09:59,487 --> 01:10:02,698 But, It’s time that people does give thought to-- 1361 01:10:02,698 --> 01:10:06,577 to people in the next 10, 20, 50 years, 1362 01:10:06,577 --> 01:10:09,497 100 years, even 200, if you last that long. 1363 01:10:11,999 --> 01:10:15,503 Oh 1364 01:10:15,503 --> 01:10:19,841 Freedom 1365 01:10:19,841 --> 01:10:24,720 Oh 1366 01:10:24,720 --> 01:10:29,392 Freedom 1367 01:10:29,392 --> 01:10:34,021 Oh 1368 01:10:34,021 --> 01:10:36,357 Freedom 1369 01:10:36,357 --> 01:10:41,279 Over me 1370 01:10:44,949 --> 01:10:48,494 And before 1371 01:10:48,494 --> 01:10:53,332 I’ll be a slave 1372 01:10:53,332 --> 01:10:57,795 I’ll be buried 1373 01:10:57,795 --> 01:11:02,300 In my grave 1374 01:11:02,300 --> 01:11:06,679 And go home 1375 01:11:06,679 --> 01:11:10,975 To my Lord 1376 01:11:10,975 --> 01:11:16,022 And be free 1377 01:11:16,022 --> 01:11:18,900 I understand this song as a Black song 1378 01:11:18,900 --> 01:11:20,943 about Black oppression. 1379 01:11:20,943 --> 01:11:24,113 But, everybody who is alive have to find 1380 01:11:24,113 --> 01:11:27,617 that space and that part of yourself 1381 01:11:27,617 --> 01:11:30,828 for which you can offer your life. 1382 01:11:30,828 --> 01:11:33,748 A lot of times if you put your life on the line, 1383 01:11:33,748 --> 01:11:36,375 they will not take it. 1384 01:11:36,375 --> 01:11:40,630 You will not get killed for fighting for what you believe. 1385 01:11:40,630 --> 01:11:42,465 Sometimes you will. 1386 01:11:42,465 --> 01:11:44,342 (applauding) 1387 01:11:44,342 --> 01:11:47,553 But, you cannot wait for the guarantee of life 1388 01:11:47,553 --> 01:11:48,930 before you will fight. 1389 01:11:48,930 --> 01:11:52,433 You must offer your life for what you believe, 1390 01:11:52,433 --> 01:11:54,727 and that’s what this song says, 1391 01:11:54,727 --> 01:11:57,772 and sometimes you will survive the battle 1392 01:11:57,772 --> 01:11:59,941 and enjoy the fruits. 1393 01:11:59,941 --> 01:12:03,361 Oh 1394 01:12:03,361 --> 01:12:05,363 Freedom 1395 01:12:05,363 --> 01:12:07,657 And you sing it for yourself. 1396 01:12:07,657 --> 01:12:12,119 Oh 1397 01:12:12,119 --> 01:12:16,249 Freedom 1398 01:12:16,249 --> 01:12:20,336 Oh 1399 01:12:20,336 --> 01:12:22,505 Freedom 1400 01:12:22,505 --> 01:12:29,136 Over me 1401 01:12:30,847 --> 01:12:34,016 And before 1402 01:12:34,016 --> 01:12:38,980 I’ll be a slave 1403 01:12:38,980 --> 01:12:42,942 I’ll be buried 1404 01:12:42,942 --> 01:12:47,029 In my grave 1405 01:12:47,029 --> 01:12:51,117 I’ll go home 1406 01:12:51,117 --> 01:12:55,121 To my Lord 1407 01:12:55,121 --> 01:13:02,128 And be free 1408 01:13:05,381 --> 01:13:11,095 No more mourning 1409 01:13:13,222 --> 01:13:19,145 No more mourning 1410 01:13:21,397 --> 01:13:27,486 No more mourning 1411 01:13:27,486 --> 01:13:32,450 Over me 1412 01:13:32,450 --> 01:13:35,369 Oh yeah 1413 01:13:35,369 --> 01:13:38,998 And before 1414 01:13:38,998 --> 01:13:41,959 I’ll be a slave 1415 01:13:41,959 --> 01:13:46,839 -Oh, God -I’ll be buried 1416 01:13:46,839 --> 01:13:49,550 In my grave 1417 01:13:49,550 --> 01:13:52,053 Let God come right down 1418 01:13:52,053 --> 01:13:54,972 We know that what we do at Highlander 1419 01:13:54,972 --> 01:13:59,060 is done in many ways by many people, 1420 01:13:59,060 --> 01:14:00,645 some of whom have been in Highlander, 1421 01:14:00,645 --> 01:14:02,313 some of whom haven’t, and they’re doing 1422 01:14:02,313 --> 01:14:04,190 the same thing in their own way, 1423 01:14:04,190 --> 01:14:07,443 so we’re just part of a process 1424 01:14:07,443 --> 01:14:10,571 of democratizing society 1425 01:14:10,571 --> 01:14:13,282 in the hopes of eventually having a just society 1426 01:14:13,282 --> 01:14:14,742 for everybody. 1427 01:14:14,742 --> 01:14:18,871 Oh freedom 1428 01:14:18,871 --> 01:14:21,248 Oh 1429 01:14:21,248 --> 01:14:22,750 We have the faith-- our faith, I don’t think 1430 01:14:22,750 --> 01:14:24,502 it was a blind faith, I think it was a-- 1431 01:14:24,502 --> 01:14:26,462 it’s it’s a sound faith 1432 01:14:26,462 --> 01:14:31,217 in the idea that it can be a true democracy 1433 01:14:31,217 --> 01:14:32,885 somehow worked out by people 1434 01:14:32,885 --> 01:14:37,056 where people will control their lives, 1435 01:14:37,056 --> 01:14:39,684 and will not be exploited for the benefit 1436 01:14:39,684 --> 01:14:42,937 of someone else. 1437 01:14:42,937 --> 01:14:45,731 And it is becoming increasingly clear that... 1438 01:14:48,985 --> 01:14:53,155 ...we can’t have democracy if we don’t realize 1439 01:14:53,155 --> 01:14:56,534 that there’s a--there’s a kind of a natural twin 1440 01:14:56,534 --> 01:15:01,205 to political democracy, that’s economic democracy, 1441 01:15:01,205 --> 01:15:03,499 and political democracy is shackled 1442 01:15:03,499 --> 01:15:07,044 if the economic democracy 1443 01:15:07,044 --> 01:15:10,965 doesn’t develop along with the political democracy. 1444 01:15:10,965 --> 01:15:14,635 I think the future is 1445 01:15:14,635 --> 01:15:17,304 is, uh-- 1446 01:15:17,304 --> 01:15:19,682 Well, as somebody said one time when I said it, 1447 01:15:19,682 --> 01:15:23,436 they said, "It’s out there." 1448 01:15:23,436 --> 01:15:25,604 It’s not only out there, but it’s 1449 01:15:25,604 --> 01:15:28,274 it’s ready to be changed. 1450 01:15:28,274 --> 01:15:30,860 It’s, uh-- 1451 01:15:30,860 --> 01:15:32,445 It’s malleable. 1452 01:15:32,445 --> 01:15:36,741 Uh, and there’s, uh-- there’s nothing fixed 1453 01:15:36,741 --> 01:15:39,118 that you can’t unfix. 1454 01:15:39,118 --> 01:15:41,078 But, to unfix things 1455 01:15:41,078 --> 01:15:44,373 that appear to be fixed, 1456 01:15:44,373 --> 01:15:47,168 you have to be, not only creative 1457 01:15:47,168 --> 01:15:50,588 and imaginative, 1458 01:15:50,588 --> 01:15:52,298 but courageously dedicated 1459 01:15:54,258 --> 01:15:57,094 for the long haul. 1460 01:15:57,094 --> 01:15:59,138 We face this all the time, the people--don’t look for 1461 01:15:59,138 --> 01:16:01,932 anybody else to be a leader. 1462 01:16:01,932 --> 01:16:04,518 You start doing it yourself. 1463 01:16:04,518 --> 01:16:06,395 You’re as good as anybody else in doing it 1464 01:16:06,395 --> 01:16:08,230 because you know what the problem is. 1465 01:16:08,230 --> 01:16:11,108 You know what your--the way you like things to be, 1466 01:16:11,108 --> 01:16:13,819 so why not work on making it that way? 1467 01:16:13,819 --> 01:16:17,281 Well, the tables was turned on me, you know. 1468 01:16:17,281 --> 01:16:20,075 I was in this teaching process, I was teaching people this, 1469 01:16:20,075 --> 01:16:22,369 and everywhere we went we did it. 1470 01:16:22,369 --> 01:16:24,705 You know, and, um, 1471 01:16:24,705 --> 01:16:27,333 then in 1972, 1472 01:16:27,333 --> 01:16:29,835 my minister said to me, "Bernice, why don’t you run 1473 01:16:29,835 --> 01:16:31,545 for the House of Representatives?" 1474 01:16:31,545 --> 01:16:35,549 I said, "Oh, no, not me, I--I’ll support anybody else." 1475 01:16:35,549 --> 01:16:39,053 And he said, "Well, no, it’s time a woman run." 1476 01:16:39,053 --> 01:16:41,305 You know, I came home and I thought about it, 1477 01:16:41,305 --> 01:16:43,599 I said, "Ah, the tables have been turned on me." 1478 01:16:43,599 --> 01:16:45,559 I often tell everybody, "Why look elsewhere 1479 01:16:45,559 --> 01:16:49,396 for a leader? Why not step out yourself and do it?" 1480 01:16:49,396 --> 01:16:51,816 You know, so I said, "Now how can I say no, 1481 01:16:51,816 --> 01:16:53,359 that I’m not gonna do it?" 1482 01:16:53,359 --> 01:16:55,986 I’ve got to accept the challenge to go ahead and do it. 1483 01:16:55,986 --> 01:16:57,446 So, I did. 1484 01:16:57,446 --> 01:16:59,532 Sometimes I feel like Martin Luther King, 1485 01:16:59,532 --> 01:17:01,909 you know, I’ve got a dream, too. 1486 01:17:01,909 --> 01:17:04,370 I know he had a dream, I’ve got a dream, well. 1487 01:17:06,622 --> 01:17:09,083 It’s just the injustice, I think, you know, 1488 01:17:09,083 --> 01:17:10,960 of like Black people ain’t had justice, 1489 01:17:10,960 --> 01:17:13,587 poor people ain’t had justice. 1490 01:17:13,587 --> 01:17:16,841 Um, it’s just injustice in the world. 1491 01:17:18,467 --> 01:17:20,511 Let ’em know we’re hear and that we care, 1492 01:17:20,511 --> 01:17:22,805 and they should care about us. 1493 01:17:28,602 --> 01:17:32,565 I go from the way I felt 1494 01:17:32,565 --> 01:17:36,360 in Albany, Georgia, when I walked in the street, 1495 01:17:36,360 --> 01:17:39,822 and if I feel that way in a position I hold, 1496 01:17:39,822 --> 01:17:43,492 then I know I’m doing my work, 1497 01:17:43,492 --> 01:17:47,204 and where that has taken me is taking stands, 1498 01:17:47,204 --> 01:17:49,582 uh, against the Vietnam War, 1499 01:17:49,582 --> 01:17:51,792 taking stands for homosexual rights, 1500 01:17:51,792 --> 01:17:54,378 taking stands with Native Americans, 1501 01:17:54,378 --> 01:17:56,547 taking stands on women’s issues, 1502 01:17:56,547 --> 01:18:00,009 taking stands against, uh, militarism, 1503 01:18:00,009 --> 01:18:04,555 against the draft, taking stand against toxic waste 1504 01:18:04,555 --> 01:18:06,390 for the environment. 1505 01:18:06,390 --> 01:18:08,392 Now all of those things, a lot of times 1506 01:18:08,392 --> 01:18:09,935 when people talk about those things, 1507 01:18:09,935 --> 01:18:12,021 they’re like separate movements. 1508 01:18:12,021 --> 01:18:15,024 For me, that’s the stance I took 1509 01:18:15,024 --> 01:18:17,818 when I walked on the street in Albany, Georgia. 1510 01:18:17,818 --> 01:18:20,696 Any time that they feel that you’re too much 1511 01:18:20,696 --> 01:18:25,159 politically out of where they feel like you should be, 1512 01:18:25,159 --> 01:18:27,745 then that’s when, well, one is destroyed. 1513 01:18:27,745 --> 01:18:30,998 I think that Martin Luther King was one of the better examples, 1514 01:18:30,998 --> 01:18:34,126 and Martin was very good, as long as he was talking about 1515 01:18:34,126 --> 01:18:36,211 segregation in the South. 1516 01:18:36,211 --> 01:18:39,882 But, when he started talking about the problem in Vietnam, 1517 01:18:39,882 --> 01:18:43,928 he really got against, um, Hoover and everybody else. 1518 01:18:43,928 --> 01:18:45,763 And there’s some of us that are gonna end up being destroyed 1519 01:18:45,763 --> 01:18:49,308 by the thing as it relates in Nicaragua and El Salvador, 1520 01:18:49,308 --> 01:18:51,810 because people just don’t want you to discuss 1521 01:18:51,810 --> 01:18:53,979 those kinds of things, that you should not care 1522 01:18:53,979 --> 01:18:56,065 anything about those people. 1523 01:18:56,065 --> 01:18:58,317 And I don’t see how you can be a caring person 1524 01:18:58,317 --> 01:19:00,569 and not care about what’s going on in Nicaragua, 1525 01:19:00,569 --> 01:19:02,988 not care what’s going on in El Salvador. 1526 01:19:04,323 --> 01:19:06,575 -We met one guy from Guatemala. -Yeah? 1527 01:19:06,575 --> 01:19:09,578 And he’s got a problem, his whole generation 1528 01:19:09,578 --> 01:19:12,206 -has got the problem. -Yeah. 1529 01:19:12,206 --> 01:19:15,209 And it is a chemical that America banned, 1530 01:19:15,209 --> 01:19:17,002 and they took there, you know. 1531 01:19:17,002 --> 01:19:19,171 But, that’s important to getting the word out, 1532 01:19:19,171 --> 01:19:20,589 -because we didn’t know that. -Right. 1533 01:19:20,589 --> 01:19:22,716 As much as we have been into this, 1534 01:19:22,716 --> 01:19:24,301 as much as we have taught ourselves, 1535 01:19:24,301 --> 01:19:26,720 we didn’t know that the United States 1536 01:19:26,720 --> 01:19:28,722 was banning the chemicals that are bad for us 1537 01:19:28,722 --> 01:19:31,141 and sent ’em to other countries, and then sent ’em back 1538 01:19:31,141 --> 01:19:32,643 to us through food, I didn’t know 1539 01:19:32,643 --> 01:19:34,353 that it was dangerous for my little girl 1540 01:19:34,353 --> 01:19:35,980 to eat a banana that she just picked up 1541 01:19:35,980 --> 01:19:37,690 out of the grocery store. 1542 01:19:37,690 --> 01:19:41,860 Now they’re talking about we can survive through a nuclear war, 1543 01:19:41,860 --> 01:19:44,697 which is ridiculous because they can’t take care 1544 01:19:44,697 --> 01:19:47,908 of small disasters that’s happening to us now, 1545 01:19:47,908 --> 01:19:49,618 and frankly I don’t wanna die. 1546 01:19:49,618 --> 01:19:51,328 I don’t want my children to die. 1547 01:19:51,328 --> 01:19:54,456 I want to leave ’em with clean mountains and fresh air, 1548 01:19:54,456 --> 01:19:57,084 and these rivers, I want ’em to know all these things 1549 01:19:57,084 --> 01:19:58,794 that we’ve growed up knowing. 1550 01:19:58,794 --> 01:20:00,713 And if people don’t realize that these are the things 1551 01:20:00,713 --> 01:20:02,673 that are happening to us now, we’re losing it, 1552 01:20:02,673 --> 01:20:04,883 we’re losing it so fast, 1553 01:20:04,883 --> 01:20:08,095 and we’ve gotta save it, and we can’t 1554 01:20:08,095 --> 01:20:10,097 leave it up to somebody else to save it. 1555 01:20:10,097 --> 01:20:12,891 We’ve got to, we’ve gotta say, "No more. 1556 01:20:12,891 --> 01:20:14,643 We don’t want nuclear war, 1557 01:20:14,643 --> 01:20:17,104 or we don’t want no more bombs built, 1558 01:20:17,104 --> 01:20:19,648 we don’t want no more waste dumped in the mountains 1559 01:20:19,648 --> 01:20:22,693 and the hollers, we don’t want no more streams polluted." 1560 01:20:22,693 --> 01:20:25,112 I don’t wanna see fish die. 1561 01:20:25,112 --> 01:20:27,781 And it’s got to be stopped, it has got to be stopped now, 1562 01:20:27,781 --> 01:20:29,575 it’s gotta be stopped in our lifetime. 1563 01:20:29,575 --> 01:20:31,910 We’ve gotta stop it so our children 1564 01:20:31,910 --> 01:20:33,746 will have a lifetime. 1565 01:20:37,332 --> 01:20:41,253 I’m gonna lay down my burden down by 1566 01:20:41,253 --> 01:20:43,422 Down by the riverside 1567 01:20:43,422 --> 01:20:46,550 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1568 01:20:46,550 --> 01:20:49,470 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1569 01:20:49,470 --> 01:20:52,389 I’m gonna lay down my burden 1570 01:20:52,389 --> 01:20:55,309 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1571 01:20:55,309 --> 01:20:59,146 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1572 01:20:59,146 --> 01:21:02,399 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1573 01:21:02,399 --> 01:21:04,943 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1574 01:21:04,943 --> 01:21:10,532 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1575 01:21:10,532 --> 01:21:13,786 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1576 01:21:13,786 --> 01:21:16,872 No, we ain’t gonna study war no more 1577 01:21:16,872 --> 01:21:22,378 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1578 01:21:22,378 --> 01:21:25,464 I’m gonna put on my long white robe 1579 01:21:25,464 --> 01:21:28,801 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1580 01:21:28,801 --> 01:21:31,303 Down by the riverside 1581 01:21:31,303 --> 01:21:34,181 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1582 01:21:34,181 --> 01:21:37,184 I’m gonna put on my long white robe 1583 01:21:37,184 --> 01:21:39,645 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1584 01:21:39,645 --> 01:21:43,440 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1585 01:21:43,440 --> 01:21:46,443 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1586 01:21:46,443 --> 01:21:49,363 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1587 01:21:49,363 --> 01:21:55,369 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1588 01:21:55,369 --> 01:21:57,913 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1589 01:21:57,913 --> 01:22:00,833 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1590 01:22:00,833 --> 01:22:06,505 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1591 01:22:06,505 --> 01:22:09,591 I’m gonna lay down my golden shoe 1592 01:22:09,591 --> 01:22:12,302 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1593 01:22:12,302 --> 01:22:15,139 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1594 01:22:15,139 --> 01:22:18,016 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1595 01:22:18,016 --> 01:22:20,936 I’m gonna lay down my golden shoe 1596 01:22:20,936 --> 01:22:23,438 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1597 01:22:23,438 --> 01:22:26,984 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1598 01:22:26,984 --> 01:22:30,070 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1599 01:22:30,070 --> 01:22:33,073 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1600 01:22:33,073 --> 01:22:38,829 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1601 01:22:38,829 --> 01:22:41,456 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1602 01:22:41,456 --> 01:22:44,418 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1603 01:22:44,418 --> 01:22:50,132 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1604 01:22:50,132 --> 01:22:53,010 I’m gonna put on my golden shoes 1605 01:22:53,010 --> 01:22:55,721 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1606 01:22:55,721 --> 01:22:58,432 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1607 01:22:58,432 --> 01:23:01,185 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1608 01:23:01,185 --> 01:23:04,188 I’m gonna put on my golden shoes 1609 01:23:04,188 --> 01:23:06,982 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1610 01:23:06,982 --> 01:23:10,986 To study the war no more 1611 01:23:10,986 --> 01:23:13,197 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1612 01:23:13,197 --> 01:23:16,533 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1613 01:23:16,533 --> 01:23:21,955 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1614 01:23:21,955 --> 01:23:24,791 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1615 01:23:24,791 --> 01:23:27,669 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1616 01:23:27,669 --> 01:23:32,799 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1617 01:23:32,799 --> 01:23:35,385 I’m gonna lay down my golden sword and shield 1618 01:23:35,385 --> 01:23:38,263 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1619 01:23:38,263 --> 01:23:41,016 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1620 01:23:41,016 --> 01:23:43,852 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1621 01:23:43,852 --> 01:23:46,647 I’m gonna lay down my golden sword and shield 1622 01:23:46,647 --> 01:23:49,441 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1623 01:23:49,441 --> 01:23:53,362 To study war no more 1624 01:23:53,362 --> 01:23:55,614 Ain’t gonna study war no more 1625 01:23:55,614 --> 01:23:58,367 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1626 01:23:58,367 --> 01:24:03,872 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1627 01:24:03,872 --> 01:24:06,667 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1628 01:24:06,667 --> 01:24:09,461 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1629 01:24:09,461 --> 01:24:14,883 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1630 01:24:14,883 --> 01:24:17,761 I’m gonna lay down my burden 1631 01:24:17,761 --> 01:24:20,681 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1632 01:24:20,681 --> 01:24:23,183 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1633 01:24:23,183 --> 01:24:26,061 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1634 01:24:26,061 --> 01:24:28,855 I’m gonna lay down my burden 1635 01:24:28,855 --> 01:24:31,608 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1636 01:24:31,608 --> 01:24:35,779 To study war no more 1637 01:24:35,779 --> 01:24:38,115 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1638 01:24:38,115 --> 01:24:40,951 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1639 01:24:40,951 --> 01:24:46,498 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1640 01:24:46,498 --> 01:24:49,167 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1641 01:24:49,167 --> 01:24:52,129 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1642 01:24:52,129 --> 01:24:57,175 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1643 01:24:57,175 --> 01:25:00,220 I'm gonna ban all them nuclear bombs 1644 01:25:00,220 --> 01:25:02,764 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1645 01:25:02,764 --> 01:25:05,392 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1646 01:25:05,392 --> 01:25:08,353 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1647 01:25:08,353 --> 01:25:11,189 Gonna ban all them nuclear bombs 1648 01:25:11,189 --> 01:25:13,859 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1649 01:25:13,859 --> 01:25:17,612 To study war no more 1650 01:25:17,612 --> 01:25:20,115 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1651 01:25:20,115 --> 01:25:23,118 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1652 01:25:23,118 --> 01:25:28,457 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1653 01:25:28,457 --> 01:25:31,251 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1654 01:25:31,251 --> 01:25:34,087 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1655 01:25:34,087 --> 01:25:39,593 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 1656 01:25:39,593 --> 01:25:42,262 I don’t want no more chemical stuff 1657 01:25:42,262 --> 01:25:45,140 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1658 01:25:45,140 --> 01:25:47,893 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1659 01:25:47,893 --> 01:25:50,812 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1660 01:25:50,812 --> 01:25:53,690 I don’t want no more chemical stuff 1661 01:25:53,690 --> 01:25:56,443 -Down by -Down by the riverside 1662 01:25:56,443 --> 01:26:00,238 To study war no more 1663 01:26:00,238 --> 01:26:02,657 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1664 01:26:02,657 --> 01:26:05,535 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1665 01:26:05,535 --> 01:26:11,208 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1666 01:26:11,208 --> 01:26:13,877 I ain’t gonna study war no more 1667 01:26:13,877 --> 01:26:17,130 No, I ain’t gonna study war no more 126099

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