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WHY WE FlGHT
A SERlES OF SEVEN lNFORMATlON FlLMS
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THE BATTLE OF BRlTAlN
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SPEClAL SERVlCE DlVlSlON
lNFORMATlON FlLM #4
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Produced by: THE WAR DEPARTMENT SPEClAL
SERVlCE DlVlSlON S.O.S.
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With Cooperation of:
THE SlGNAL CORPS
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JUNE 1940
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The shadow of the conquering German armies,
covered western Europe.
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The self-styled master race,
was riding high.
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DUNKlRK
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Calais
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Now Adolph Hitler stood, just as Napoleon had stood,
more than 100 years before.
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And looked across the English Channel to the one
fighting obstacle that stood...
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..between him and world domination.
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The chalk cliffs of Britain rose sheer
and white, out of the choppy waters.
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And beyond, a little island, smaller
than the state of Wyoming.
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Crush that island, and its stubborn people and the
way was open for world conquest.
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The fall ofAustria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark,
Norway,
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..Holland Belgium, France had given him more than
100 million slaves,
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..to work for him or starve.
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The preliminaries were over, it was time for the main
event. The battle of Britain.
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Berlin
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Where Napoleon failed, I shall succeed. I shall land
on the shores of Britain."Adolph Hitler
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Hitler and his Generals feverishly drafted their plans
for the conquest of Britain.
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Every detail must be anticipated.A slip now, might
wreck the timetable of world conquest.
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Six weeks of final preparation went into
those plans.
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Six weeks to determine the history
of a thousand years.
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The thing was fool-proof. See for yourselves how
simple the whole operation was meant to be. Look.
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GERMAN PLAN FOR lNV ASlON OF ENGLAND
PHASE l
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Knock out the Royal Air Force and its bases.
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Get control of the air and sea lanes
across the channel.
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Follow the blitz plan that wiped out
the low countries, Poland and France.
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Destroy communication and transport lines.
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Above all, get command of the air.
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PHASE ll
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Pulverize the coast line with dive bombers.
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Drop parachute troops to take over the air fields and
establish beach heads.
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Drop parachute troops to take over the air fields and
establish beach heads.
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PHASE lll
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Actual invasion.
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Pour the German Panzer divisions across,
in high speed barges,
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..under an umbrella protecting fighter planes.
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then send spear-heads of armed might, to divide,
surround, destroy all opposition.
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That's all there was to it.
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Conquer Britain. Force the surrender
of the British fleet.
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then with the combined sea-power of Germany,
Britain, ltaly, France and Japan,
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..he could control the seas, and
tell us whereto head in.
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The torch of freedom flickered low.
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On the invasion coasts, more than 100fully equipped
German divisions were singing the Nazi theme song,
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We are sailing against England.", as they waited the
word from Hitler.
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Here, for weeks, all the supplies and weapons of the
Nazi war machine...
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..had been turned toward Britain.
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The jaws of the Nazi whale,
were set to swallow Jona.
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And what about Jona?. How was he doing?.
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Well, Britain also had an army
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But it was an army dragged from sea at Dunkirk.
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An army without weapons. These had been
left behind on the roads of France.
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Tanks, guns,
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..motorized equipment,
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..all abandoned to save the one
priceless item...
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.. men!
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In all of Britain, there was not enough equipment for
one modern division.
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Only one tank for every thousand square miles of
territory.
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Only one machine gun, for every 1 500 miles of
beach.
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Britain had a navy too, but it was
scattered all over the globe,
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..guarding vital food and supply lines.
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And the British knew it would be suicidal to use their
fleet in the narrow waters ofThe English Channel,
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..with the German air force in control
of the air.
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Britain also had an air force.
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An air force outnumbered 10 to 1 by the enemy
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..both in men and machines.
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There was Britain herself.
The people of Britain.
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The people who would be terrorized
and forced to surrender.
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They knew every man, woman and child,
in uniform and out,
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..would be Hitler's target, in the onslaught that could
come at any moment.
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They knew they had a job to do
and not much time to do it in.
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The young, the not so young and the old.
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The clerk, the butcher, the farmer, the member of
Parliament,
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..they formed the civilian army,
Britain's Home guard.
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They started from scratch.
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Experience, equipment, supplies...
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..all were scarce.
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Only one shell to fire at each practice.
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The women of Britain refused to be left out.
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We're in this too."
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We'll put up the barrage balloons."
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Man the air cat guns."
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We'll run railroads and get the trains
through on time."
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Ferry the planes."
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Carry the dispatches."
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Drive the ambulances and run the buses."
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And we'll see our male are fed,
and don't go hungry."
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Others worked.
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They worked full time.
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Overtime.
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Double time.
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Forty hours a week, fifty, sixty, seventy.
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Hours meant nothing.
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Fatigue meant nothing.
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Until the government forced them to cut down hours,
because over-fatigue was...
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00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,000
..hurting production.
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00:10:02,500 --> 00:10:05,400
And when they weren't working the men
patrolled the moors for parachutes...
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00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:08,000
..blocked the roads...
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.. rehearsed invasion defenses.
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For something had happened here
the Germans could never understand.
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In a democracy, it is not the Government
that makes war...
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..it is the people.
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To lead them, the people had chosen Winston
Churchill as their Prime Minister.
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To lead them, the people had chosen Winston
Churchill as their Prime Minister.
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And he spoke the word in every British heart, when he
said:
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We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may
be."
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We shall fight in landing grounds,
in fields, in streets,
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and on the hills."
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We shall never surrender."
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This was Britain in its darkest hour.
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00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:06,200
The people knew they were in for the worse
the Nazi mind could invent, yet...
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..they didn't panic or run away
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They patrolled and waited.
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They drilled and waited.
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They worked and waited.
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Waited for the terror they knew was coming.
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Then it came!
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That is the sound that became part of life,
for every man, woman and child in Britain.
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August 8th, 1940 and the battle for Britain is on.
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Thirty enemy aircraft over the channel,
flying due west."
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Here comes the Luftwaffe.
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00:12:02,900 --> 00:12:05,000
In dozen of flights, hundreds of planes.
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Bombers, fighters, dive-bombers,
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across that 21 miles of channel.
That eight short minutes of water.
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00:12:18,500 --> 00:12:21,400
Their first tactics were to bomb convoys
in the channel.
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Convoys loaded with food and munitions,
bounded for the great port of London.
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00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:07,600
German fighters waited overhead for the defending
planes of the RoyalAir Force, the RAF to appear.
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00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:11,100
They didn't have long to wait.
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00:13:56,200 --> 00:14:00,500
The RAF came, facing of 6, 8, 10 to 1,
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00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:05,600
..and dove in, shouting the old hunting cry: "Tallyho!"
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00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:37,800
Phase one of the Nazi plan, called for
the RAF to be knocked out of the air...
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00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:43,000
..but the men of the RAF,
hadn't read the Nazi plan.
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00:15:09,900 --> 00:15:15,600
In the first 4days, the RAF knocked
182 German planes out of the sky
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00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:24,000
For the next week the Germans attacked the coast
cities from the Thames River to Weymouth.
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Mr. Getty, take cover!"
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00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,900
Spitfire!"
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00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,900
And Hitler paid off with 180 more planes.
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00:16:25,500 --> 00:16:29,600
Then the Luftwaffe battered
the great towns of Southampton,
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..Plymouth....
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..trying for a knockout, before the flow
of supplies from overseas reached port.
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00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:41,500
The ports took a terrible pounding,
but they couldn't be knocked out.
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00:16:42,700 --> 00:16:46,700
Cargos went on being unloaded, with
the protection of the RAF overhead.
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00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:51,300
Battling the Spitfires and Hurricanes
in the air wasn't panning out.
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00:16:51,900 --> 00:16:54,800
So G�ring switched his main attacks to the fighter
airfields, Dover,
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Deal, Bucking.
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00:16:59,100 --> 00:17:02,000
Maybe he could destroy the planes
on the ground.
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00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:05,600
He bombed the air fields, and
the fields were hit...
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..but the planes were saved.
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For Britain, unlike Poland and
the low countries,
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didn't make the mistake of bunching its planes on the
runways.
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The planes of the RAF were scattered
and hidden.
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00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:21,000
Only a few on any one field, and those
in the far corners.
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00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,500
The Spitfires still went up to meet the enemy
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00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:33,000
In the first 10 days of the Battle of Britain, G�ring
launched 26 major attacks to get command of the air
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And lost 697 aircraft. The British lost 153.
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And 60 British pilots bailed out.
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00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:17,100
Valuable trained men were saved,
and ready to fight again,
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..but the crews to G�ring's planes,
were lost to him forever.
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00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:33,700
The pace was too hot.
Something was going haywire.
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00:18:34,900 --> 00:18:37,200
The Nazis had to call "timeout".
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00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:41,200
On a 2000 mile front, from Norway to France,
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..the whole Nazi blitz program was being stalled,
because the RAF was still in the air.
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The long-range German guns were getting hot,
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..from throwing shells across the channel.
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In public, Hitler assured the Germans,
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Mr. Churchill tells his people
that England will win...
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..but I tell you victory
will belong to Germany"
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00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:22,300
But in private, he sent for G�ring,
the boss of the Luftwaffe,
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and put him on the hot seat.
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00:19:26,500 --> 00:19:29,400
G�ring was told to do something
and do it quick.
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00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:35,900
So on August 30th, he ordered all out attacks on
inland air drones and industrial centers.
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Maybe he could knock out the RAF on the assembly
line.
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And he adopted new tactics too.
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00:19:45,100 --> 00:19:50,700
More fighters and fewer bombers, or maybe he just
had fewer bombers to send.
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00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:55,400
Anyway, those he did send were well protected.
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Fighters above at high altitudes.
Fighters on both sides.
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00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:04,600
Fighters in the front and in the rear Fighters weaving
in and out of the bomber formations.
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00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:08,100
Fighters in the front and in the rear Fighters weaving
in and out of the bomber formations.
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00:20:08,100 --> 00:20:10,600
Britain, winner of the first round, was ready
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With higher morale and sharper defense.
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00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:17,800
Improved listening posts were set up all along the
coast.
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00:20:18,700 --> 00:20:21,600
And warned of the enemy's approach, before he left
the continent.
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00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:26,100
A quick flash from the control station
to the fighter station.
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00:20:27,300 --> 00:20:30,200
And pilots were on their way to meet the enemy while
he was still over the channel.
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00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:40,700
Day after day, out of sight, an almost out of sound of
the watchers on the cliffs.
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00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:45,900
Four, five and six miles above, the battles raged over
the Dover area.
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00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,700
The Dover area became known as Hell's Corner.
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00:20:55,700 --> 00:21:00,900
By sheer weigh of numbers, the enemy again and
again broke through the coastal defenses.
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00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:13,500
And reached inland to the air drone.
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00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:17,200
Aircraft plants.
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00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,700
Munitions, factories and machine shops.
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00:21:30,500 --> 00:21:33,400
Hello, gunfire in the southeast. Right."
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00:22:12,500 --> 00:22:15,400
But the workers kept on working.
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00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:18,900
And the RAF kept on flying.
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00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:21,800
These few men with wings, alone in the sky
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00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:24,500
..behind their motors and machine guns,
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00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,900
..were shooting down more than the Luftwaffe.
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00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:36,400
They were smashing the whole Nazi plan
of world conquest.
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00:22:52,700 --> 00:22:54,900
Any claims Johnny??'
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00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:58,400
109 destroyed, yes."
-"Oh, good show!"
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00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:03,700
How did you get on sir??'
-"Oh, I had a wonderful party, thanks."
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00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:10,300
Are you all right?. Have you hit any of the batters??'
-"Yes, I got a Messerschmitt 109."
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00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,600
Between August 24th and September 5,
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00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:16,400
35 major attacks were launched.
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00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:23,700
They cost the Germans 562 planes, while the British
lost only 219 planes and...
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00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:27,400
..and saved 132 pilots.
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00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:31,500
Invasion plans were going completely haywire.
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00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:34,600
Berchtesgaden
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00:23:34,900 --> 00:23:37,100
The Nazis were blind with rage.
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00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:42,700
The German mind has never understood why free
people fight on against overwhelming odds.
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00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:48,300
Hitler knew he was now superior in every weapon,
expect the weapon of spirit.
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00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:54,300
So he told G�ring, break that spirit, crush the people,
crush the spirit of democratic life itself.
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00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,400
Invasion now, would have to wait.
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00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,600
The Nazis would avoid the RAF and smash
the great city of London,
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..into the rubble heap they had made
of Warsaw and Rotterdam.
220
00:24:07,900 --> 00:24:10,800
Could London take it?. Even the people themselves
didn't know the answer.
221
00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:15,400
The defenses they trusted in, were London's hastily
assembled anti-aircraft.
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00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:21,100
The Ack-Ack guns. The balloon barrages which kept
the raiders at high altitude.
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00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:26,400
The Royal Air force, now down to its last reserves.
224
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,900
And the plain down-right guts of people.
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00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:39,000
They sent more children out of the city
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00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,300
Tightened air-raid precautions.
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00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:55,500
Stationed more aero plane spotters.
228
00:24:56,100 --> 00:24:59,000
Rehearsed firefighters.
Moved into bomb shelters.
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00:25:03,700 --> 00:25:06,600
They blacked out their city, and carried on.
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00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:18,500
The first blow, aimed to crush
the British spirit,
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00:25:18,900 --> 00:25:21,800
..came on September 7th.
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00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:41,500
Control room speaking."
-"Customers and staff, will now take cover...
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00:25:41,500 --> 00:25:44,200
.. in the basement. Please do not run,
keep moving."
234
00:25:44,900 --> 00:25:47,800
Down the stairs or you can use
the escalator."
235
00:25:52,100 --> 00:25:57,700
Third floor clear. Second floor clear.
First floor, clear."
236
00:26:00,700 --> 00:26:05,300
That day when 375 German planes
came roaring up theThames River,
237
00:26:05,700 --> 00:26:08,600
The battle of Britain, became
the Battle of London.
238
00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:15,200
The German's broke through the charge of Spitfires
and Hurricanes that went out to meet them.
239
00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:27,400
Gone was any pretence of aiming at military
objectives.
240
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,900
This was just savage destruction.
241
00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:13,100
Bombs fell alike on the homes of
the east-end poor,
242
00:27:13,300 --> 00:27:14,800
..and the Mayfair rich.
243
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:18,400
On shops.
244
00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:22,100
Hospitals.
245
00:27:23,300 --> 00:27:26,200
Churches.
246
00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:32,300
For 28 days the Nazis were to drop everything in the
book on the city of London.
247
00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:37,300
Tons upon tons of high explosives.
248
00:27:37,900 --> 00:27:40,800
Delayed action bombs had exploded days later
249
00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,500
Torpedo that had sheered away whole buildings.
250
00:27:45,100 --> 00:27:49,700
And underneath the war in the air the war of the man
in the street went on.
251
00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:56,900
He learned to exist with very little food.
252
00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:02,200
He forgot what it meant to have a night's sleep.
253
00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:05,600
Spending most of his time underground,
in the damp, dark and cold.
254
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:10,000
Good-evening folks."
-"You're in early tonight."
255
00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:13,400
Well, I quite a sight, aren't l??'
256
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:16,900
I think that will be all right now."
-"Yes, that's grand."
257
00:28:17,300 --> 00:28:20,200
How are we going to get you up there??'
-"Get the young man to lift you up."
258
00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:22,800
Brady!"
-"Hello."
259
00:28:23,300 --> 00:28:25,400
Come give this young lady a lift up."
-"Right you are."
260
00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,500
The air-raid wardens stayed at their posts.
261
00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,900
Doctors and nurses worked on steadily, as the
bombs crashed around them.
262
00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:45,400
Rescue squads labored night and day
263
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,900
Hey Warden, I found one."
264
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:56,900
Is she dead??'
-"Quite dead."
265
00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:04,000
Firemen said, nuts to the bombs,
and battled to put out the fires.
266
00:29:05,300 --> 00:29:08,200
This was life in the blitz.
267
00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:11,800
Against all the rules of Nazi warfare,
268
00:29:12,300 --> 00:29:15,200
Britain was refusing to crumple up.
269
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:22,300
Across the Channel, the enraged G�ring took
personal command of the operations.
270
00:29:28,900 --> 00:29:34,200
And on September 15, he sent the Luftwaffe
into one of its greatest attacks.
271
00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:58,800
Five hundred German bombers and Messerschmitt
fighters, roared over the English coast.
272
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,300
Bomass calling. Planes heard three miles
southwest."
273
00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:08,500
Hostile planes approaching from southwest."
274
00:30:09,700 --> 00:30:12,600
The British met the challenge by
throwing in everything they had.
275
00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:27,900
An historic 3 dimensional battle took place.
276
00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:33,800
Inside an area 60 miles long, 38 broad
and from 5 to 6 miles high.
277
00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:05,800
Two hundred individual dog fights took place within
the first 30 minutes of the raid.
278
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:22,900
Right on our own doorstep. Oh, what is that??'
279
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:55,500
Centre calling mountain one."
-"Thank you centre, we'll keep an eye on them."
280
00:31:55,500 --> 00:31:57,200
Hostile formation to the south."
281
00:31:57,900 --> 00:32:00,800
Some of the German bombers broke through
London's defenses.
282
00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:12,300
And reached the centre of the city
283
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,900
Doughy?. Where are you??'
284
00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:04,500
Blimey, I thought they'd got you."
-"Who me, nah. I had my fingers crossed."
285
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,900
140 destroyed, 70 probable.
286
00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:32,900
Dear Ministry Communicant,
287
00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:39,000
..the biggest bag yet. One hundred and
eightyfive enemy aircraft shot down.
288
00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:40,700
End of message."
289
00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:44,500
Of the 500 German planes that came over that day
290
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,300
..more than 1/3were shot down.
291
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,900
In the 28 days of terror,
from September 7th to October 5,
292
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:55,100
..the Nazis dropped 50 million pounds of bombs on
the city.
293
00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:58,400
Killed 7000 helpless civilians,
294
00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,800
..and wounded 10,000 more.
295
00:34:03,100 --> 00:34:06,000
Bombs fell on Buckingham Palace.
296
00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,300
Westminster Abbey.
297
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:17,800
The Houses of Parliament.
298
00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:22,300
Fleet Street, the centre of the news.
299
00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,300
St. Paul's Cathedral.
300
00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:33,800
Bombs blasting the historic past,
out of the lives of Englishmen.
301
00:34:39,100 --> 00:34:44,600
But in these 28 days, the Nazis lost
900 planes and their crews.
302
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,300
The more were sent over, the more
were shot down.
303
00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:53,800
The British Spitfire proved to be one of the deadliest
weapons ever put into the hands of man.
304
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,900
If this kept up, pretty soon, no more Luftwafe.
305
00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:00,800
The frantic Nazis had to pull a new one.
306
00:35:03,500 --> 00:35:08,200
They did. On October 6, they changed to night
attacks.
307
00:35:09,100 --> 00:35:13,100
Maybe that way they could avoid those deadly
Spitfires and Hurricanes.
308
00:35:13,700 --> 00:35:16,600
Maybe that way they could crush the stubborn British
spirit.
309
00:35:17,900 --> 00:35:21,300
Never mind control of the air. Never mind Phase one,
Phase two and Phase three.
310
00:35:21,300 --> 00:35:24,500
Never mind control of the air. Never mind Phase one,
Phase two and Phase three.
311
00:35:24,500 --> 00:35:28,000
Now concentrate on bombing the people themselves
into submission.
312
00:35:29,100 --> 00:35:31,400
And make them cry for mercy.
313
00:35:57,900 --> 00:36:00,800
Hostile raid sir."
314
00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:32,600
The RAF wasn't much help at night.This was just
German bombs against British guts.
315
00:36:39,300 --> 00:36:44,700
Hello Jerry."
-"They sound happy enough down there tonight."
316
00:36:51,900 --> 00:36:54,800
The great docks of London, were left roaring infernos.
317
00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:02,300
Homes were destroyed by incineration.
318
00:37:04,100 --> 00:37:07,000
Business blocks were a flame.
319
00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:13,000
And still the people of London took it.
Night after night they burrowed underground.
320
00:37:13,700 --> 00:37:16,600
And morning after morning they dug
themselves out of the wreckage.
321
00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,900
Good-morning."
-"Good-morning."
322
00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,100
Would you like to sit down??'
-"Thanks."
323
00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:41,900
Morning ladies. Sleep well??'
-"Fine thanks."
324
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:46,000
What about the one that came down about 2??'
-"l didn't hear it."
325
00:38:19,700 --> 00:38:22,400
Don't you think you ought to go away from
this for a bit??'
326
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:25,300
Of course not. It will take more than this
to get me out of my home."
327
00:38:26,300 --> 00:38:29,200
Now go on, you've got to get to work."
-"Okay."
328
00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:34,500
The Battle of London, was the battle
of the people of the century
329
00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,600
In spite of bombs, and fire and death,
330
00:38:38,300 --> 00:38:42,900
They got to their desk and workbenches, to spend
another 10-12 hours working...
331
00:38:43,100 --> 00:38:43,900
..working...
332
00:38:43,900 --> 00:38:44,800
..working.
333
00:38:46,700 --> 00:38:49,600
The British spirit was stronger than ever.
334
00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:53,100
And the RAF was flying higher than ever
Not only higher, but further
335
00:38:55,500 --> 00:38:59,400
S.I.O.?. Operations for the night."
336
00:38:59,700 --> 00:39:02,600
GP1 562"
337
00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:07,700
EP781 Ten aircraft."
338
00:39:08,700 --> 00:39:11,600
You'll find a decent photograph
of the submarine yard there."
339
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:14,800
There was a very good one taken
the other night."
340
00:39:18,300 --> 00:39:21,200
That's it. There's the submarine yards."
341
00:39:24,100 --> 00:39:27,800
All right chaps. This is your target for the night.The
submarine and ship-building yards at Bremen."
342
00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:32,700
It's a vitally important target.
And it's got to be hit hard."
343
00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:36,500
In the midst of this life and death struggle,
344
00:39:36,900 --> 00:39:39,800
The British found strength not only to defend but to
counter-attack with what...
345
00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:43,100
..Q-bombers they could get together
346
00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:18,000
Hello air-gunner, can you hear me??'
"Coming okay skipper."
347
00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:22,000
Hello operator. Everything okay??'
-"Well it seems to be all here sir."
348
00:41:00,500 --> 00:41:03,400
Stand by, I'm going in on a glide."
349
00:41:19,100 --> 00:41:22,000
Steady!"
350
00:41:36,100 --> 00:41:39,000
I got a bulls eye with the last one."
351
00:41:40,600 --> 00:41:43,500
Here was the RAF giving it back.
352
00:41:48,100 --> 00:41:53,400
Hitler cried: Night gangsters. For this crime
I will exact at thousand fold revenge.
353
00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:56,000
November 14, 1940.
354
00:41:56,300 --> 00:41:59,200
All the available German night-bombers,
were put into the air.
355
00:42:31,900 --> 00:42:34,800
A thousand fold revenge was Coventry.
356
00:42:37,100 --> 00:42:42,300
On November 14, a million pounds
of bombs were dropped on the city
357
00:42:48,700 --> 00:42:53,000
Coventry was smashed as flat as Warsaw
and Rotterdam.
358
00:43:35,800 --> 00:43:39,400
The people of Coventry, dug their
loved-ones out of the blasted ruins...
359
00:43:40,500 --> 00:43:43,400
..a them to their last resting place,
in a common grave.
360
00:44:27,300 --> 00:44:30,200
Hitler could kill them, but damn
if he could lick them.
361
00:44:32,300 --> 00:44:34,500
They went back to their lathes and machines.
362
00:44:35,000 --> 00:44:37,900
For they knew the machine-bench was
as deadly a weapon as a rifle.
363
00:44:38,700 --> 00:44:43,400
And in their hearts, was a grim determination, that this
enemy must be destroyed.
364
00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:48,100
That the day was coming when they
would strike back.
365
00:44:49,100 --> 00:44:52,000
And how they would strike back!
366
00:44:56,200 --> 00:44:59,100
Christmas 1940.
367
00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:42,300
Christmas. Season of Peace on Earth,
Good Will toward men, was the ironed...
368
00:45:42,900 --> 00:45:48,200
..quiet before Hitlers great burst of rage against a
people who couldn't be licked.
369
00:46:02,700 --> 00:46:05,600
PLANES!"
370
00:46:09,900 --> 00:46:13,500
He couldn't bomb them into submission,
so he would burn them to ashes.
371
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:28,300
Millions of fire-bombs, rained down
on the great city of London.
372
00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:50,700
In a matter of minutes, more than 15 hundred diferent
sections of the city burst into roaring flames.
373
00:46:51,300 --> 00:46:56,100
Flames that swiftly merged into
the greatest fire in recorded history.
374
00:47:12,500 --> 00:47:14,900
In the midst of all the fire and destruction,
375
00:47:15,300 --> 00:47:19,200
..vital water mains were shattered. Water pressure
was almost entirely cut off.
376
00:47:21,500 --> 00:47:24,400
Heroes of the night, were men of the London Fire
Brigade,
377
00:47:24,800 --> 00:47:27,700
who stretched temporary hose lines
out to the centre ofThames River,
378
00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:30,800
..struggling through mud and slime.
379
00:47:31,300 --> 00:47:34,200
For the Nazis had carefully picked
the night on which theThames River
380
00:47:34,700 --> 00:47:37,800
..had one of the lowest ebb tides on record.
381
00:47:46,600 --> 00:47:50,800
And while London burned above them,
the people of the city held on.
382
00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:53,600
Chin up and thumbs up.
383
00:47:54,300 --> 00:47:56,400
They knew this was the peoples' war.
384
00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:00,500
And they were the people.
385
00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:08,000
And the people that couldn't be panicked couldn't be
beaten.
386
00:48:21,300 --> 00:48:25,700
In the months to come, the British were to suffer many
such bombings and burnings.
387
00:48:26,700 --> 00:48:30,600
But a nation that calls on cold courage,
when hot courage runs thin,
388
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,900
..may die, but it can't be defeated.
389
00:49:10,700 --> 00:49:15,400
The Battle of Britain was won,
but not by Hitler.
390
00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:25,500
Hitler had lost the battle. He had lost
2375 German planes and their crews.
391
00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:31,100
For the first time, it was the Germans
who ate the bitter dirt of defeat.
392
00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:35,500
Gone was the legend of their invincibility
393
00:49:36,100 --> 00:49:40,100
For a solid year, the Nazis struck Britain
with all their might.
394
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:43,700
They leveled thousands upon thousands of homes.
395
00:49:44,400 --> 00:49:47,800
And damaged millions of others.They killed more
than 40thousand men, women and children.
396
00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:52,500
And seriously wounded 50thousand more.
397
00:49:54,800 --> 00:49:59,200
But not one single Nazi soldier,
set foot on British soil.
398
00:50:02,800 --> 00:50:07,900
But Hitler couldn't stop. In our next film, we
will show how he had to turn to the east again.
399
00:50:09,700 --> 00:50:12,600
Why did the Nazis lose the Battle of Britain?.
400
00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:18,200
First, because a regimented people, met an equally
determined free people.
401
00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:22,100
And the free people made them quit cold.
402
00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:28,100
We've been bombed, dive-bombed, high-level
bombed,
403
00:50:28,900 --> 00:50:32,500
..machine gunned, been through two invasion
scares...
404
00:50:33,100 --> 00:50:37,000
..and the last lot we had, we had the house down
about our ears."
405
00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:40,200
But we're still sticking it and we're
going to stick it."
406
00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:45,500
Second, because this was a new kind of war.
407
00:50:46,200 --> 00:50:49,100
And the RAF were the men who could fight it.
408
00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:52,600
These are the men who belonged to what
Hitler called,
409
00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:55,400
..those weak, soft democracies.
410
00:50:56,100 --> 00:50:59,000
The British did more than save their country
411
00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:02,300
..they won for the world a year of precious time.
412
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:07,700
It was not only for the people of Britain, but for the
people of the world that Winston Churchill spoke,
413
00:51:08,400 --> 00:51:12,500
when he said: "Never in the field of human conflict,
414
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:16,100
was so much owed by so many."
415
00:51:44,500 --> 00:51:50,300
Victory of the democracies can only be complete
with the utter defeat of the war machines...
416
00:51:50,700 --> 00:51:56,400
..of Germany and Japan.
C.G. Marshall Chief of Staff
37752
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