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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:13,500 WHY WE FlGHT A SERlES OF SEVEN lNFORMATlON FlLMS 2 00:00:15,100 --> 00:00:18,000 THE BATTLE OF BRlTAlN 3 00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:22,100 SPEClAL SERVlCE DlVlSlON lNFORMATlON FlLM #4 4 00:00:23,500 --> 00:00:26,400 Produced by: THE WAR DEPARTMENT SPEClAL SERVlCE DlVlSlON S.O.S. 5 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:30,300 With Cooperation of: THE SlGNAL CORPS 6 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,100 JUNE 1940 7 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:42,500 The shadow of the conquering German armies, covered western Europe. 8 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:46,300 The self-styled master race, was riding high. 9 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:18,200 DUNKlRK 10 00:01:25,700 --> 00:01:27,900 Calais 11 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:48,600 Now Adolph Hitler stood, just as Napoleon had stood, more than 100 years before. 12 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:53,400 And looked across the English Channel to the one fighting obstacle that stood... 13 00:01:53,600 --> 00:01:55,100 ..between him and world domination. 14 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:03,100 The chalk cliffs of Britain rose sheer and white, out of the choppy waters. 15 00:02:06,700 --> 00:02:11,400 And beyond, a little island, smaller than the state of Wyoming. 16 00:02:12,300 --> 00:02:16,000 Crush that island, and its stubborn people and the way was open for world conquest. 17 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:24,000 The fall ofAustria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, 18 00:02:25,500 --> 00:02:30,900 ..Holland Belgium, France had given him more than 100 million slaves, 19 00:02:31,300 --> 00:02:34,200 ..to work for him or starve. 20 00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:38,500 The preliminaries were over, it was time for the main event. The battle of Britain. 21 00:02:38,900 --> 00:02:41,800 Berlin 22 00:02:53,100 --> 00:03:00,800 Where Napoleon failed, I shall succeed. I shall land on the shores of Britain."Adolph Hitler 23 00:03:03,100 --> 00:03:06,000 Hitler and his Generals feverishly drafted their plans for the conquest of Britain. 24 00:03:06,700 --> 00:03:12,700 Every detail must be anticipated.A slip now, might wreck the timetable of world conquest. 25 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:16,900 Six weeks of final preparation went into those plans. 26 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:20,300 Six weeks to determine the history of a thousand years. 27 00:03:21,100 --> 00:03:25,700 The thing was fool-proof. See for yourselves how simple the whole operation was meant to be. Look. 28 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:31,300 GERMAN PLAN FOR lNV ASlON OF ENGLAND PHASE l 29 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:33,700 Knock out the Royal Air Force and its bases. 30 00:03:34,900 --> 00:03:37,800 Get control of the air and sea lanes across the channel. 31 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:41,700 Follow the blitz plan that wiped out the low countries, Poland and France. 32 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:45,500 Destroy communication and transport lines. 33 00:03:48,300 --> 00:03:50,200 Above all, get command of the air. 34 00:03:53,700 --> 00:03:55,400 PHASE ll 35 00:03:55,900 --> 00:03:59,200 Pulverize the coast line with dive bombers. 36 00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:04,200 Drop parachute troops to take over the air fields and establish beach heads. 37 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:09,000 Drop parachute troops to take over the air fields and establish beach heads. 38 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:10,600 PHASE lll 39 00:04:11,700 --> 00:04:13,000 Actual invasion. 40 00:04:14,100 --> 00:04:17,000 Pour the German Panzer divisions across, in high speed barges, 41 00:04:17,700 --> 00:04:20,600 ..under an umbrella protecting fighter planes. 42 00:04:25,100 --> 00:04:30,200 then send spear-heads of armed might, to divide, surround, destroy all opposition. 43 00:04:30,900 --> 00:04:32,900 That's all there was to it. 44 00:04:39,300 --> 00:04:42,200 Conquer Britain. Force the surrender of the British fleet. 45 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:49,400 then with the combined sea-power of Germany, Britain, ltaly, France and Japan, 46 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:54,300 ..he could control the seas, and tell us whereto head in. 47 00:04:56,900 --> 00:04:59,200 The torch of freedom flickered low. 48 00:05:03,300 --> 00:05:08,600 On the invasion coasts, more than 100fully equipped German divisions were singing the Nazi theme song, 49 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:13,200 We are sailing against England.", as they waited the word from Hitler. 50 00:05:21,500 --> 00:05:25,600 Here, for weeks, all the supplies and weapons of the Nazi war machine... 51 00:05:26,300 --> 00:05:29,200 ..had been turned toward Britain. 52 00:05:39,100 --> 00:05:43,300 The jaws of the Nazi whale, were set to swallow Jona. 53 00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:47,400 And what about Jona?. How was he doing?. 54 00:05:48,700 --> 00:05:50,200 Well, Britain also had an army 55 00:05:50,800 --> 00:05:53,700 But it was an army dragged from sea at Dunkirk. 56 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:18,600 An army without weapons. These had been left behind on the roads of France. 57 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,300 Tanks, guns, 58 00:06:24,200 --> 00:06:26,500 ..motorized equipment, 59 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:30,100 ..all abandoned to save the one priceless item... 60 00:06:30,600 --> 00:06:32,700 .. men! 61 00:06:37,300 --> 00:06:40,200 In all of Britain, there was not enough equipment for one modern division. 62 00:06:42,100 --> 00:06:46,000 Only one tank for every thousand square miles of territory. 63 00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:50,100 Only one machine gun, for every 1 500 miles of beach. 64 00:06:51,900 --> 00:06:55,800 Britain had a navy too, but it was scattered all over the globe, 65 00:06:56,300 --> 00:06:58,800 ..guarding vital food and supply lines. 66 00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:06,200 And the British knew it would be suicidal to use their fleet in the narrow waters ofThe English Channel, 67 00:07:06,800 --> 00:07:09,700 ..with the German air force in control of the air. 68 00:07:11,800 --> 00:07:14,200 Britain also had an air force. 69 00:07:15,100 --> 00:07:18,000 An air force outnumbered 10 to 1 by the enemy 70 00:07:18,500 --> 00:07:21,400 ..both in men and machines. 71 00:07:21,900 --> 00:07:24,800 There was Britain herself. The people of Britain. 72 00:07:25,700 --> 00:07:28,600 The people who would be terrorized and forced to surrender. 73 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:33,000 They knew every man, woman and child, in uniform and out, 74 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:36,500 ..would be Hitler's target, in the onslaught that could come at any moment. 75 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:40,900 They knew they had a job to do and not much time to do it in. 76 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:47,100 The young, the not so young and the old. 77 00:07:47,700 --> 00:07:51,100 The clerk, the butcher, the farmer, the member of Parliament, 78 00:07:51,600 --> 00:07:55,100 ..they formed the civilian army, Britain's Home guard. 79 00:07:55,900 --> 00:07:58,800 They started from scratch. 80 00:08:03,100 --> 00:08:09,400 Experience, equipment, supplies... 81 00:08:10,500 --> 00:08:13,400 ..all were scarce. 82 00:08:14,300 --> 00:08:17,200 Only one shell to fire at each practice. 83 00:08:19,100 --> 00:08:22,000 The women of Britain refused to be left out. 84 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:27,500 We're in this too." 85 00:08:28,200 --> 00:08:32,800 We'll put up the barrage balloons." 86 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:40,300 Man the air cat guns." 87 00:08:41,900 --> 00:08:44,800 We'll run railroads and get the trains through on time." 88 00:08:48,900 --> 00:08:51,800 Ferry the planes." 89 00:08:52,300 --> 00:08:55,200 Carry the dispatches." 90 00:08:56,500 --> 00:08:59,400 Drive the ambulances and run the buses." 91 00:09:00,600 --> 00:09:03,500 And we'll see our male are fed, and don't go hungry." 92 00:09:11,300 --> 00:09:14,200 Others worked. 93 00:09:21,700 --> 00:09:23,900 They worked full time. 94 00:09:24,500 --> 00:09:25,900 Overtime. 95 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:27,700 Double time. 96 00:09:28,200 --> 00:09:32,600 Forty hours a week, fifty, sixty, seventy. 97 00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:38,400 Hours meant nothing. 98 00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:40,600 Fatigue meant nothing. 99 00:09:43,100 --> 00:09:46,600 Until the government forced them to cut down hours, because over-fatigue was... 100 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:49,000 ..hurting production. 101 00:10:02,500 --> 00:10:05,400 And when they weren't working the men patrolled the moors for parachutes... 102 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:08,000 ..blocked the roads... 103 00:10:08,900 --> 00:10:10,900 .. rehearsed invasion defenses. 104 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,900 For something had happened here the Germans could never understand. 105 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:22,100 In a democracy, it is not the Government that makes war... 106 00:10:22,600 --> 00:10:25,500 ..it is the people. 107 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:33,000 To lead them, the people had chosen Winston Churchill as their Prime Minister. 108 00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:36,900 To lead them, the people had chosen Winston Churchill as their Prime Minister. 109 00:10:36,900 --> 00:10:39,800 And he spoke the word in every British heart, when he said: 110 00:10:40,700 --> 00:10:45,700 We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be." 111 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:52,600 We shall fight in landing grounds, in fields, in streets, 112 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:55,100 and on the hills." 113 00:10:55,700 --> 00:10:58,100 We shall never surrender." 114 00:10:59,500 --> 00:11:02,400 This was Britain in its darkest hour. 115 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:06,200 The people knew they were in for the worse the Nazi mind could invent, yet... 116 00:11:06,700 --> 00:11:09,000 ..they didn't panic or run away 117 00:11:10,100 --> 00:11:12,200 They patrolled and waited. 118 00:11:12,700 --> 00:11:14,500 They drilled and waited. 119 00:11:15,200 --> 00:11:16,800 They worked and waited. 120 00:11:17,400 --> 00:11:20,300 Waited for the terror they knew was coming. 121 00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,500 Then it came! 122 00:11:31,100 --> 00:11:37,600 That is the sound that became part of life, for every man, woman and child in Britain. 123 00:11:41,700 --> 00:11:45,700 August 8th, 1940 and the battle for Britain is on. 124 00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:49,200 Thirty enemy aircraft over the channel, flying due west." 125 00:12:00,100 --> 00:12:02,300 Here comes the Luftwaffe. 126 00:12:02,900 --> 00:12:05,000 In dozen of flights, hundreds of planes. 127 00:12:08,100 --> 00:12:12,000 Bombers, fighters, dive-bombers, 128 00:12:12,700 --> 00:12:17,300 across that 21 miles of channel. That eight short minutes of water. 129 00:12:18,500 --> 00:12:21,400 Their first tactics were to bomb convoys in the channel. 130 00:12:21,900 --> 00:12:26,300 Convoys loaded with food and munitions, bounded for the great port of London. 131 00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:07,600 German fighters waited overhead for the defending planes of the RoyalAir Force, the RAF to appear. 132 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:11,100 They didn't have long to wait. 133 00:13:56,200 --> 00:14:00,500 The RAF came, facing of 6, 8, 10 to 1, 134 00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:05,600 ..and dove in, shouting the old hunting cry: "Tallyho!" 135 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:37,800 Phase one of the Nazi plan, called for the RAF to be knocked out of the air... 136 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:43,000 ..but the men of the RAF, hadn't read the Nazi plan. 137 00:15:09,900 --> 00:15:15,600 In the first 4days, the RAF knocked 182 German planes out of the sky 138 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:24,000 For the next week the Germans attacked the coast cities from the Thames River to Weymouth. 139 00:15:54,800 --> 00:15:57,700 Mr. Getty, take cover!" 140 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,900 Spitfire!" 141 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,900 And Hitler paid off with 180 more planes. 142 00:16:25,500 --> 00:16:29,600 Then the Luftwaffe battered the great towns of Southampton, 143 00:16:30,100 --> 00:16:31,800 ..Plymouth.... 144 00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:36,400 ..trying for a knockout, before the flow of supplies from overseas reached port. 145 00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:41,500 The ports took a terrible pounding, but they couldn't be knocked out. 146 00:16:42,700 --> 00:16:46,700 Cargos went on being unloaded, with the protection of the RAF overhead. 147 00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:51,300 Battling the Spitfires and Hurricanes in the air wasn't panning out. 148 00:16:51,900 --> 00:16:54,800 So G�ring switched his main attacks to the fighter airfields, Dover, 149 00:16:55,500 --> 00:16:58,400 Deal, Bucking. 150 00:16:59,100 --> 00:17:02,000 Maybe he could destroy the planes on the ground. 151 00:17:02,700 --> 00:17:05,600 He bombed the air fields, and the fields were hit... 152 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:08,300 ..but the planes were saved. 153 00:17:08,800 --> 00:17:11,000 For Britain, unlike Poland and the low countries, 154 00:17:11,600 --> 00:17:14,500 didn't make the mistake of bunching its planes on the runways. 155 00:17:15,100 --> 00:17:17,700 The planes of the RAF were scattered and hidden. 156 00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:21,000 Only a few on any one field, and those in the far corners. 157 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,500 The Spitfires still went up to meet the enemy 158 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:33,000 In the first 10 days of the Battle of Britain, G�ring launched 26 major attacks to get command of the air 159 00:17:33,500 --> 00:17:39,200 And lost 697 aircraft. The British lost 153. 160 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:43,300 And 60 British pilots bailed out. 161 00:18:14,200 --> 00:18:17,100 Valuable trained men were saved, and ready to fight again, 162 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:20,700 ..but the crews to G�ring's planes, were lost to him forever. 163 00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:33,700 The pace was too hot. Something was going haywire. 164 00:18:34,900 --> 00:18:37,200 The Nazis had to call "timeout". 165 00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:41,200 On a 2000 mile front, from Norway to France, 166 00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:47,000 ..the whole Nazi blitz program was being stalled, because the RAF was still in the air. 167 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:57,900 The long-range German guns were getting hot, 168 00:18:58,700 --> 00:19:01,600 ..from throwing shells across the channel. 169 00:19:05,600 --> 00:19:07,900 In public, Hitler assured the Germans, 170 00:19:08,700 --> 00:19:11,600 Mr. Churchill tells his people that England will win... 171 00:19:12,700 --> 00:19:15,600 ..but I tell you victory will belong to Germany" 172 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:22,300 But in private, he sent for G�ring, the boss of the Luftwaffe, 173 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:25,400 and put him on the hot seat. 174 00:19:26,500 --> 00:19:29,400 G�ring was told to do something and do it quick. 175 00:19:30,400 --> 00:19:35,900 So on August 30th, he ordered all out attacks on inland air drones and industrial centers. 176 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,900 Maybe he could knock out the RAF on the assembly line. 177 00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:44,200 And he adopted new tactics too. 178 00:19:45,100 --> 00:19:50,700 More fighters and fewer bombers, or maybe he just had fewer bombers to send. 179 00:19:52,500 --> 00:19:55,400 Anyway, those he did send were well protected. 180 00:19:56,000 --> 00:19:58,900 Fighters above at high altitudes. Fighters on both sides. 181 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:04,600 Fighters in the front and in the rear Fighters weaving in and out of the bomber formations. 182 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:08,100 Fighters in the front and in the rear Fighters weaving in and out of the bomber formations. 183 00:20:08,100 --> 00:20:10,600 Britain, winner of the first round, was ready 184 00:20:11,700 --> 00:20:14,300 With higher morale and sharper defense. 185 00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:17,800 Improved listening posts were set up all along the coast. 186 00:20:18,700 --> 00:20:21,600 And warned of the enemy's approach, before he left the continent. 187 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:26,100 A quick flash from the control station to the fighter station. 188 00:20:27,300 --> 00:20:30,200 And pilots were on their way to meet the enemy while he was still over the channel. 189 00:20:35,400 --> 00:20:40,700 Day after day, out of sight, an almost out of sound of the watchers on the cliffs. 190 00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:45,900 Four, five and six miles above, the battles raged over the Dover area. 191 00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,700 The Dover area became known as Hell's Corner. 192 00:20:55,700 --> 00:21:00,900 By sheer weigh of numbers, the enemy again and again broke through the coastal defenses. 193 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:13,500 And reached inland to the air drone. 194 00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:17,200 Aircraft plants. 195 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,700 Munitions, factories and machine shops. 196 00:21:30,500 --> 00:21:33,400 Hello, gunfire in the southeast. Right." 197 00:22:12,500 --> 00:22:15,400 But the workers kept on working. 198 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:18,900 And the RAF kept on flying. 199 00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:21,800 These few men with wings, alone in the sky 200 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:24,500 ..behind their motors and machine guns, 201 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:27,900 ..were shooting down more than the Luftwaffe. 202 00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:36,400 They were smashing the whole Nazi plan of world conquest. 203 00:22:52,700 --> 00:22:54,900 Any claims Johnny??' 204 00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:58,400 109 destroyed, yes." -"Oh, good show!" 205 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:03,700 How did you get on sir??' -"Oh, I had a wonderful party, thanks." 206 00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:10,300 Are you all right?. Have you hit any of the batters??' -"Yes, I got a Messerschmitt 109." 207 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,600 Between August 24th and September 5, 208 00:23:14,200 --> 00:23:16,400 35 major attacks were launched. 209 00:23:17,200 --> 00:23:23,700 They cost the Germans 562 planes, while the British lost only 219 planes and... 210 00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:27,400 ..and saved 132 pilots. 211 00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:31,500 Invasion plans were going completely haywire. 212 00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:34,600 Berchtesgaden 213 00:23:34,900 --> 00:23:37,100 The Nazis were blind with rage. 214 00:23:37,600 --> 00:23:42,700 The German mind has never understood why free people fight on against overwhelming odds. 215 00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:48,300 Hitler knew he was now superior in every weapon, expect the weapon of spirit. 216 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:54,300 So he told G�ring, break that spirit, crush the people, crush the spirit of democratic life itself. 217 00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,400 Invasion now, would have to wait. 218 00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,600 The Nazis would avoid the RAF and smash the great city of London, 219 00:24:02,900 --> 00:24:05,800 ..into the rubble heap they had made of Warsaw and Rotterdam. 220 00:24:07,900 --> 00:24:10,800 Could London take it?. Even the people themselves didn't know the answer. 221 00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:15,400 The defenses they trusted in, were London's hastily assembled anti-aircraft. 222 00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:21,100 The Ack-Ack guns. The balloon barrages which kept the raiders at high altitude. 223 00:24:23,500 --> 00:24:26,400 The Royal Air force, now down to its last reserves. 224 00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,900 And the plain down-right guts of people. 225 00:24:36,100 --> 00:24:39,000 They sent more children out of the city 226 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:51,300 Tightened air-raid precautions. 227 00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:55,500 Stationed more aero plane spotters. 228 00:24:56,100 --> 00:24:59,000 Rehearsed firefighters. Moved into bomb shelters. 229 00:25:03,700 --> 00:25:06,600 They blacked out their city, and carried on. 230 00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:18,500 The first blow, aimed to crush the British spirit, 231 00:25:18,900 --> 00:25:21,800 ..came on September 7th. 232 00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:41,500 Control room speaking." -"Customers and staff, will now take cover... 233 00:25:41,500 --> 00:25:44,200 .. in the basement. Please do not run, keep moving." 234 00:25:44,900 --> 00:25:47,800 Down the stairs or you can use the escalator." 235 00:25:52,100 --> 00:25:57,700 Third floor clear. Second floor clear. First floor, clear." 236 00:26:00,700 --> 00:26:05,300 That day when 375 German planes came roaring up theThames River, 237 00:26:05,700 --> 00:26:08,600 The battle of Britain, became the Battle of London. 238 00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:15,200 The German's broke through the charge of Spitfires and Hurricanes that went out to meet them. 239 00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:27,400 Gone was any pretence of aiming at military objectives. 240 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,900 This was just savage destruction. 241 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:13,100 Bombs fell alike on the homes of the east-end poor, 242 00:27:13,300 --> 00:27:14,800 ..and the Mayfair rich. 243 00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:18,400 On shops. 244 00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:22,100 Hospitals. 245 00:27:23,300 --> 00:27:26,200 Churches. 246 00:27:28,300 --> 00:27:32,300 For 28 days the Nazis were to drop everything in the book on the city of London. 247 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:37,300 Tons upon tons of high explosives. 248 00:27:37,900 --> 00:27:40,800 Delayed action bombs had exploded days later 249 00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,500 Torpedo that had sheered away whole buildings. 250 00:27:45,100 --> 00:27:49,700 And underneath the war in the air the war of the man in the street went on. 251 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:56,900 He learned to exist with very little food. 252 00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:02,200 He forgot what it meant to have a night's sleep. 253 00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:05,600 Spending most of his time underground, in the damp, dark and cold. 254 00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:10,000 Good-evening folks." -"You're in early tonight." 255 00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:13,400 Well, I quite a sight, aren't l??' 256 00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:16,900 I think that will be all right now." -"Yes, that's grand." 257 00:28:17,300 --> 00:28:20,200 How are we going to get you up there??' -"Get the young man to lift you up." 258 00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:22,800 Brady!" -"Hello." 259 00:28:23,300 --> 00:28:25,400 Come give this young lady a lift up." -"Right you are." 260 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,500 The air-raid wardens stayed at their posts. 261 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:39,900 Doctors and nurses worked on steadily, as the bombs crashed around them. 262 00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:45,400 Rescue squads labored night and day 263 00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,900 Hey Warden, I found one." 264 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:56,900 Is she dead??' -"Quite dead." 265 00:29:00,200 --> 00:29:04,000 Firemen said, nuts to the bombs, and battled to put out the fires. 266 00:29:05,300 --> 00:29:08,200 This was life in the blitz. 267 00:29:09,800 --> 00:29:11,800 Against all the rules of Nazi warfare, 268 00:29:12,300 --> 00:29:15,200 Britain was refusing to crumple up. 269 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:22,300 Across the Channel, the enraged G�ring took personal command of the operations. 270 00:29:28,900 --> 00:29:34,200 And on September 15, he sent the Luftwaffe into one of its greatest attacks. 271 00:29:54,800 --> 00:29:58,800 Five hundred German bombers and Messerschmitt fighters, roared over the English coast. 272 00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,300 Bomass calling. Planes heard three miles southwest." 273 00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:08,500 Hostile planes approaching from southwest." 274 00:30:09,700 --> 00:30:12,600 The British met the challenge by throwing in everything they had. 275 00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:27,900 An historic 3 dimensional battle took place. 276 00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:33,800 Inside an area 60 miles long, 38 broad and from 5 to 6 miles high. 277 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:05,800 Two hundred individual dog fights took place within the first 30 minutes of the raid. 278 00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:22,900 Right on our own doorstep. Oh, what is that??' 279 00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:55,500 Centre calling mountain one." -"Thank you centre, we'll keep an eye on them." 280 00:31:55,500 --> 00:31:57,200 Hostile formation to the south." 281 00:31:57,900 --> 00:32:00,800 Some of the German bombers broke through London's defenses. 282 00:32:09,400 --> 00:32:12,300 And reached the centre of the city 283 00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,900 Doughy?. Where are you??' 284 00:32:59,300 --> 00:33:04,500 Blimey, I thought they'd got you." -"Who me, nah. I had my fingers crossed." 285 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,900 140 destroyed, 70 probable. 286 00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:32,900 Dear Ministry Communicant, 287 00:33:33,400 --> 00:33:39,000 ..the biggest bag yet. One hundred and eightyfive enemy aircraft shot down. 288 00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:40,700 End of message." 289 00:33:41,600 --> 00:33:44,500 Of the 500 German planes that came over that day 290 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,300 ..more than 1/3were shot down. 291 00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:50,900 In the 28 days of terror, from September 7th to October 5, 292 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:55,100 ..the Nazis dropped 50 million pounds of bombs on the city. 293 00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:58,400 Killed 7000 helpless civilians, 294 00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,800 ..and wounded 10,000 more. 295 00:34:03,100 --> 00:34:06,000 Bombs fell on Buckingham Palace. 296 00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,300 Westminster Abbey. 297 00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:17,800 The Houses of Parliament. 298 00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:22,300 Fleet Street, the centre of the news. 299 00:34:24,400 --> 00:34:27,300 St. Paul's Cathedral. 300 00:34:30,300 --> 00:34:33,800 Bombs blasting the historic past, out of the lives of Englishmen. 301 00:34:39,100 --> 00:34:44,600 But in these 28 days, the Nazis lost 900 planes and their crews. 302 00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,300 The more were sent over, the more were shot down. 303 00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:53,800 The British Spitfire proved to be one of the deadliest weapons ever put into the hands of man. 304 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,900 If this kept up, pretty soon, no more Luftwafe. 305 00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:00,800 The frantic Nazis had to pull a new one. 306 00:35:03,500 --> 00:35:08,200 They did. On October 6, they changed to night attacks. 307 00:35:09,100 --> 00:35:13,100 Maybe that way they could avoid those deadly Spitfires and Hurricanes. 308 00:35:13,700 --> 00:35:16,600 Maybe that way they could crush the stubborn British spirit. 309 00:35:17,900 --> 00:35:21,300 Never mind control of the air. Never mind Phase one, Phase two and Phase three. 310 00:35:21,300 --> 00:35:24,500 Never mind control of the air. Never mind Phase one, Phase two and Phase three. 311 00:35:24,500 --> 00:35:28,000 Now concentrate on bombing the people themselves into submission. 312 00:35:29,100 --> 00:35:31,400 And make them cry for mercy. 313 00:35:57,900 --> 00:36:00,800 Hostile raid sir." 314 00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:32,600 The RAF wasn't much help at night.This was just German bombs against British guts. 315 00:36:39,300 --> 00:36:44,700 Hello Jerry." -"They sound happy enough down there tonight." 316 00:36:51,900 --> 00:36:54,800 The great docks of London, were left roaring infernos. 317 00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:02,300 Homes were destroyed by incineration. 318 00:37:04,100 --> 00:37:07,000 Business blocks were a flame. 319 00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:13,000 And still the people of London took it. Night after night they burrowed underground. 320 00:37:13,700 --> 00:37:16,600 And morning after morning they dug themselves out of the wreckage. 321 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,900 Good-morning." -"Good-morning." 322 00:37:35,200 --> 00:37:38,100 Would you like to sit down??' -"Thanks." 323 00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:41,900 Morning ladies. Sleep well??' -"Fine thanks." 324 00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:46,000 What about the one that came down about 2??' -"l didn't hear it." 325 00:38:19,700 --> 00:38:22,400 Don't you think you ought to go away from this for a bit??' 326 00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:25,300 Of course not. It will take more than this to get me out of my home." 327 00:38:26,300 --> 00:38:29,200 Now go on, you've got to get to work." -"Okay." 328 00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:34,500 The Battle of London, was the battle of the people of the century 329 00:38:35,400 --> 00:38:37,600 In spite of bombs, and fire and death, 330 00:38:38,300 --> 00:38:42,900 They got to their desk and workbenches, to spend another 10-12 hours working... 331 00:38:43,100 --> 00:38:43,900 ..working... 332 00:38:43,900 --> 00:38:44,800 ..working. 333 00:38:46,700 --> 00:38:49,600 The British spirit was stronger than ever. 334 00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:53,100 And the RAF was flying higher than ever Not only higher, but further 335 00:38:55,500 --> 00:38:59,400 S.I.O.?. Operations for the night." 336 00:38:59,700 --> 00:39:02,600 GP1 562" 337 00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:07,700 EP781 Ten aircraft." 338 00:39:08,700 --> 00:39:11,600 You'll find a decent photograph of the submarine yard there." 339 00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:14,800 There was a very good one taken the other night." 340 00:39:18,300 --> 00:39:21,200 That's it. There's the submarine yards." 341 00:39:24,100 --> 00:39:27,800 All right chaps. This is your target for the night.The submarine and ship-building yards at Bremen." 342 00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:32,700 It's a vitally important target. And it's got to be hit hard." 343 00:39:34,200 --> 00:39:36,500 In the midst of this life and death struggle, 344 00:39:36,900 --> 00:39:39,800 The British found strength not only to defend but to counter-attack with what... 345 00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:43,100 ..Q-bombers they could get together 346 00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:18,000 Hello air-gunner, can you hear me??' "Coming okay skipper." 347 00:40:18,700 --> 00:40:22,000 Hello operator. Everything okay??' -"Well it seems to be all here sir." 348 00:41:00,500 --> 00:41:03,400 Stand by, I'm going in on a glide." 349 00:41:19,100 --> 00:41:22,000 Steady!" 350 00:41:36,100 --> 00:41:39,000 I got a bulls eye with the last one." 351 00:41:40,600 --> 00:41:43,500 Here was the RAF giving it back. 352 00:41:48,100 --> 00:41:53,400 Hitler cried: Night gangsters. For this crime I will exact at thousand fold revenge. 353 00:41:54,800 --> 00:41:56,000 November 14, 1940. 354 00:41:56,300 --> 00:41:59,200 All the available German night-bombers, were put into the air. 355 00:42:31,900 --> 00:42:34,800 A thousand fold revenge was Coventry. 356 00:42:37,100 --> 00:42:42,300 On November 14, a million pounds of bombs were dropped on the city 357 00:42:48,700 --> 00:42:53,000 Coventry was smashed as flat as Warsaw and Rotterdam. 358 00:43:35,800 --> 00:43:39,400 The people of Coventry, dug their loved-ones out of the blasted ruins... 359 00:43:40,500 --> 00:43:43,400 ..a them to their last resting place, in a common grave. 360 00:44:27,300 --> 00:44:30,200 Hitler could kill them, but damn if he could lick them. 361 00:44:32,300 --> 00:44:34,500 They went back to their lathes and machines. 362 00:44:35,000 --> 00:44:37,900 For they knew the machine-bench was as deadly a weapon as a rifle. 363 00:44:38,700 --> 00:44:43,400 And in their hearts, was a grim determination, that this enemy must be destroyed. 364 00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:48,100 That the day was coming when they would strike back. 365 00:44:49,100 --> 00:44:52,000 And how they would strike back! 366 00:44:56,200 --> 00:44:59,100 Christmas 1940. 367 00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:42,300 Christmas. Season of Peace on Earth, Good Will toward men, was the ironed... 368 00:45:42,900 --> 00:45:48,200 ..quiet before Hitlers great burst of rage against a people who couldn't be licked. 369 00:46:02,700 --> 00:46:05,600 PLANES!" 370 00:46:09,900 --> 00:46:13,500 He couldn't bomb them into submission, so he would burn them to ashes. 371 00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:28,300 Millions of fire-bombs, rained down on the great city of London. 372 00:46:45,000 --> 00:46:50,700 In a matter of minutes, more than 15 hundred diferent sections of the city burst into roaring flames. 373 00:46:51,300 --> 00:46:56,100 Flames that swiftly merged into the greatest fire in recorded history. 374 00:47:12,500 --> 00:47:14,900 In the midst of all the fire and destruction, 375 00:47:15,300 --> 00:47:19,200 ..vital water mains were shattered. Water pressure was almost entirely cut off. 376 00:47:21,500 --> 00:47:24,400 Heroes of the night, were men of the London Fire Brigade, 377 00:47:24,800 --> 00:47:27,700 who stretched temporary hose lines out to the centre ofThames River, 378 00:47:28,600 --> 00:47:30,800 ..struggling through mud and slime. 379 00:47:31,300 --> 00:47:34,200 For the Nazis had carefully picked the night on which theThames River 380 00:47:34,700 --> 00:47:37,800 ..had one of the lowest ebb tides on record. 381 00:47:46,600 --> 00:47:50,800 And while London burned above them, the people of the city held on. 382 00:47:51,800 --> 00:47:53,600 Chin up and thumbs up. 383 00:47:54,300 --> 00:47:56,400 They knew this was the peoples' war. 384 00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:00,500 And they were the people. 385 00:48:05,100 --> 00:48:08,000 And the people that couldn't be panicked couldn't be beaten. 386 00:48:21,300 --> 00:48:25,700 In the months to come, the British were to suffer many such bombings and burnings. 387 00:48:26,700 --> 00:48:30,600 But a nation that calls on cold courage, when hot courage runs thin, 388 00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,900 ..may die, but it can't be defeated. 389 00:49:10,700 --> 00:49:15,400 The Battle of Britain was won, but not by Hitler. 390 00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:25,500 Hitler had lost the battle. He had lost 2375 German planes and their crews. 391 00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:31,100 For the first time, it was the Germans who ate the bitter dirt of defeat. 392 00:49:32,600 --> 00:49:35,500 Gone was the legend of their invincibility 393 00:49:36,100 --> 00:49:40,100 For a solid year, the Nazis struck Britain with all their might. 394 00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:43,700 They leveled thousands upon thousands of homes. 395 00:49:44,400 --> 00:49:47,800 And damaged millions of others.They killed more than 40thousand men, women and children. 396 00:49:49,600 --> 00:49:52,500 And seriously wounded 50thousand more. 397 00:49:54,800 --> 00:49:59,200 But not one single Nazi soldier, set foot on British soil. 398 00:50:02,800 --> 00:50:07,900 But Hitler couldn't stop. In our next film, we will show how he had to turn to the east again. 399 00:50:09,700 --> 00:50:12,600 Why did the Nazis lose the Battle of Britain?. 400 00:50:13,200 --> 00:50:18,200 First, because a regimented people, met an equally determined free people. 401 00:50:19,200 --> 00:50:22,100 And the free people made them quit cold. 402 00:50:25,200 --> 00:50:28,100 We've been bombed, dive-bombed, high-level bombed, 403 00:50:28,900 --> 00:50:32,500 ..machine gunned, been through two invasion scares... 404 00:50:33,100 --> 00:50:37,000 ..and the last lot we had, we had the house down about our ears." 405 00:50:37,300 --> 00:50:40,200 But we're still sticking it and we're going to stick it." 406 00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:45,500 Second, because this was a new kind of war. 407 00:50:46,200 --> 00:50:49,100 And the RAF were the men who could fight it. 408 00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:52,600 These are the men who belonged to what Hitler called, 409 00:50:52,800 --> 00:50:55,400 ..those weak, soft democracies. 410 00:50:56,100 --> 00:50:59,000 The British did more than save their country 411 00:50:59,400 --> 00:51:02,300 ..they won for the world a year of precious time. 412 00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:07,700 It was not only for the people of Britain, but for the people of the world that Winston Churchill spoke, 413 00:51:08,400 --> 00:51:12,500 when he said: "Never in the field of human conflict, 414 00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:16,100 was so much owed by so many." 415 00:51:44,500 --> 00:51:50,300 Victory of the democracies can only be complete with the utter defeat of the war machines... 416 00:51:50,700 --> 00:51:56,400 ..of Germany and Japan. C.G. Marshall Chief of Staff 37752

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