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It is the greatest aviation mystery of all time
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Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
vanished without a trace
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Ladies and gentlemen,
we are deeply sadden this morning...
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It is unprecedented for an airplane to disappear
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With few clues to go on,
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aviation experts consider
a handful of compelling theories
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A fire could affect the electrical system
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The possibility of hijack jumps into your face
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00:00:35,288 --> 00:00:38,129
If it is some mechanical problem
it needs to be corrected
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The experts scrutinize
the available evidence more closely
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One thing you learn is:
You rule nothing out
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00:00:45,121 --> 00:00:48,922
and are faced with a shocking explanation
about what happened.
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It is going to be very difficult to say:
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Yeah, we lock this down,
now it can never happen again
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This program is based on official
documents and expert analysis
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of available evidence
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Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia
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Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
is completing final preparations
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for a night flight to Beijing.
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Would you fasten your seat-belts now, please?
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227 Passengers are on board
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152 of them are Chinese citizens.
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Malaysian 370 is their red-eye flight home
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Fuel pumps
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In the cockpit,
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Captain Zaharie Ahmad
Shah is in command.
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an experienced pilot
who has been with the airline for 33 years.
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First Officer Fariq Abdul Hamid
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is far less experienced
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This is his first time flying a Boeing 777
without an instructor.
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For take off checklist complete
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The process of take off in any commercial airliner
is a busy period
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Former Airforce and
airline pilot John Nance
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is an internationally recognized
expert in aviation safety
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This is the reason that world wide,
starting in the US many years ago,
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We said, Sterile cockpit under 10,000 ft
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No one is talking
because you got a lot to concentrate on
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Malaysian 370, Runway 32R
you are cleared for take off
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Runway 32R cleared for take off,
Malaysian 370, thank you
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Why don't you tell them
we are ready to go?
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Flight attendants,
please take your seats for take off
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0:40 AM,
Flight 370 is cleared for take off
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OKAY, here we go.
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The crew monitors the speed
as they accelerate down the runway
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V1
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Rotate
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The take off seems completely routine
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As the plane climbs,
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the controller directs the crew
towards a navigational way-point, called IGARI.
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Malaysia 370
turn right direct to IGARI
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The 777 is one of
the most automated airplanes in the world.
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The crew can simply enter the location
of the way-point into their flight-computer.
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IGARI is entered
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Cruise control?
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Execute
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Flying the big airplane like the 777
is really managing the airplane,
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00:04:01,853 --> 00:04:04,652
because there is not a lot of flying
stick and rudder involved
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It is a lot of management
with a very sophisticated amount of electronics.
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Malaysian 370's flightpath will now
take them along the air-corridor
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that runs North East
over the Gulf of Thailand
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before continuing on to Beijing.
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The trip takes about 6 hours.
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Malaysia 370,
maintaining level 350
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20 minutes after take off,
they reach cruising altitude:
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35,000 ft.
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When you get a big jet up to altitude
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and you got it on AUTOPILOT, you've levelled off,
You've run your cruise-checklist,
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it really is time now to throw the straps off
and relax a little bit
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The crew will now monitor the AUTOPILOT
until they are ready to land
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Controllers in Kuala Lumpur will only track
the plane while it is in Malaysian airspace,
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about 20 minutes more.
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As the plane crosses the Gulf of Thailand,
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controllers in Vietnam will take over.
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The controller in Kuala Lumpur
makes one last transmission, at 1:19 AM
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370, contact Ho Chi Minh
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120,9, Goodnight
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Goodnight, Malaysia 370
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When we found out what was said from the cockpit
from the MH370,
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it was perfectly routine
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absolutely boilerplate, that is what
airline pilots and controllers say to each other
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The crew is expected to contact
Vietnamese controllers in less than 1 minute.
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But 19 minutes later...
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...there is no word from Flight 370.
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Malaysian 370, this is Ho Chi Minh,
please contact
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Controllers in Vietnam and Malaysia
try desperately to reach the missing plane.
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Malaysia 370, do you copy?
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Malaysia 370, this is Kuala Lumpur, do you copy?
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There is no response from the cockpit,
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and no sign of the plane on radar.
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Flight 370 has vanished without a trace.
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It is unprecedented for an airplane
to disappear from the radar environment like this
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and go unaccounted for.
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Malcolm Brenner is
widely recognized
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as one of the world's leading experts
in the causes of aviation disasters.
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He studied human performance
for NASA and the US Airforce
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and has investigated
dozens of major accidents for the NTSB
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This accident has caught
the attention of the world
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in way I have not seen
in a 40 year career in aviation.
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This was probably going to be
the #1 mystery in aviation history
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Everybody looked at Amelia Earhart as the #1
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I think this clearly displaces it.
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Ladies and gentlemen of the media,
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We are deeply sadden this morning with the news
on the MH370
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Stunned family members
demand answers from the airline.
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While aviation experts world wide scramble to try
to explain what might have happened to the plane.
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In that situation, everything is on the table
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including disorientation, smoke, fire,
midair collision, you name it
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Finding out what caused this disappearance
is crucial for the entire aviation industry.
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If it is a mechanical problem,
it needs to be corrected
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If it is a security breach of some type,
that needs to be corrected
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If there was something with the cargo,
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Whatever the issue was,
it has to be rectified.
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Malaysian authorities immediately launch
a massive search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
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Australia, the US and China soon join the hunt.
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In the first couple of days,
we really had no idea what to think
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(Except that we couldn't find the airplane)
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It is difficult to know where to look
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Flight 370 has disappeared
over the Gulf of Thailand
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where there is limited radar-coverage.
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Radar systems are on
about 10% of the surface of the earth
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As you can imagine,
there are no radar systems over the oceans
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So, you have a physical inability to cover
much of the earth's surface where it is ocean.
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No ships in the region reported
spotting a plane on radar.
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And there is no sign
of any floating aircraft-debris.
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Desperate to save any potential crash-survivors
searchers turn to another technology:
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It is called ACARS: Aircraft Communications
Addressing and Reporting System
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The ACARS uses satellite to transmit information
between the ground and the aircraft in flight.
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Chris McLaughlin is the vice president at INMARSAT
the company that runs the satellite network
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It is a primary form of communication
between the controllers and the airline itself
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and the pilots in the air
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ACARS is intended to be a link with no concept,
you are never able to track an aircraft with it
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Because why would you need to?
Because you are in communications with it
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Unlike GPS,
ACARS does not provide constant location data
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but what it does provide is vital information
on how the plane is performing
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including crucially its fuel load.
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This allows investigators
to estimate how far it could have flown
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00:10:09,088 --> 00:10:13,810
but without knowing the direction of flight,
it is not much to go on
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00:10:13,834 --> 00:10:18,929
The search area grows to more than 100,000 mileĀ²
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00:10:18,953 --> 00:10:21,222
The element what was the most startling was:
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"What do you mean,
we didn't know where this airplane was
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What do you mean we lost track something
as big as a Boeing 777?
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This isn't the first time
that an airliner has vanished.
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00:10:31,325 --> 00:10:37,672
Air France flight 447
disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean in 2009.
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00:10:38,197 --> 00:10:41,073
Though floating debris was found within days,
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it took nearly 2 years
to find the sunken wreckage.
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Leopold Sartorius was a key investigator
during that search
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In the case of the Malaysian,
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apparently the search area is
at least 3 to 4 times bigger
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than the original Air France 447 search area,
which already was quite huge.
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00:11:04,096 --> 00:11:06,544
French investigators
ultimately conclude
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00:11:06,569 --> 00:11:13,278
that the pilots on Air France Flight 447 made
a series of stunning errors, leading to the crash.
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That conclusion would have been impossible
without the undersea recovery of the black boxes.
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We had much more than the investigators
seem to have today in the case of the Malaysian
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but already, with all we had
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it was very difficult to reach conclusions
without the flight recorders
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In the search for Flight 370,
there is no time to loose
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Ocean currents
could already be moving the flight-recorders
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or worse:
Burying them under silt.
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00:11:55,181 --> 00:12:00,887
A careful review of the passenger manifest
by Malaysian police turns up an alarming lead
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Two passengers boarded the plane illegally.
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Very early in the case it was determined
that there were passengers using stolen passports
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that were in the Interpol database
as stolen passports.
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It suddenly seems possible
that Flight 370 hasn't crashed after all
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00:12:23,141 --> 00:12:27,609
Perhaps hijackers somehow
seized control of the plane.
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I began to develop hope,
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because it didn't appear there
was any wreckage in the water
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This wasn't only a hijacking,
but it was a hostage taking
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and we would hear a demand for 2xx hostages
to be repatriated if certain things were done
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That was the best hope.
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370, contact Ho Chi Minh 120,9,
Goodnight
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Since 9/11,
mid-air hijackings are extremely unlikely...
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...but not impossible.
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One thing you learn in any form
of accident investigation is:
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You rule nothing out
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If the captain or the copilot use the rest-room
they come out of their cockpit
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Tom Fuentes is uniquely qualified
to consider how a hijacking might unfold
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He spent 29 years with the FBI.
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So, all the security in the world means nothing
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when they leave the controlled
environment of the cockpit.
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Take me to the cockpit, or I kill her
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OKAY, just don't hurt anyone
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What do you want?
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Open the cockpit door
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The lack of any demands would be unusual
but hijackings don't always go according to plan
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00:14:20,609 --> 00:14:25,497
Could the disappearance of Flight 370
be a case of a hijacking gone wrong?
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00:14:25,536 --> 00:14:31,473
There are always possibilities
that whatever the plan was in MH370, it failed
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That for one reason or another,
it did not work out as expected
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That is one of the reasons
why it is difficult to understand.
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One such failed hijacking took place in 1996
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aboard Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961
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The Boeing 767 was on a routine trip
from Addis Ababa to the Ivory Coast
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when 3 young Ethiopians made their move.
193
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Get out
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Fly to Australia
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Fly us to Australia
196
00:15:09,745 --> 00:15:11,745
We don't have enough fuel to get to Australia
197
00:15:11,769 --> 00:15:13,388
We have a bomb
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00:15:13,412 --> 00:15:16,705
If you don't do what we tell you to
we will blow this plane out of the sky.
199
00:15:16,729 --> 00:15:18,729
We only have 2 hours of fuel
200
00:15:18,761 --> 00:15:21,038
The hijackers didn't believe the captain
201
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when he told them the 767
was going to run out of fuel.
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3 hours later, near the Comoros islands
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the jet hit the water
at more than 230 mph
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125 of the 175 people on board were killed
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including all of the hijackers.
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00:15:48,450 --> 00:15:53,611
Did a hijacker force his way
into the cockpit of Flight 370?
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00:15:55,944 --> 00:15:59,713
Stay calm, I am entering the heading now
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00:16:09,598 --> 00:16:14,240
I thought that there was a very strong possibility
if that plane turned around
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it could have crashed into the jungles of Malaysia
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or into the jungles of Indonesia
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that went through all the vegetation into a swamp
which would keep it from being found.
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00:16:25,899 --> 00:16:28,923
That would be very easy for a plane
to crash in the jungle
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00:16:28,947 --> 00:16:30,947
and not be found.
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00:16:31,169 --> 00:16:35,296
Agencies around the world
scour radar records for clues
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00:16:35,883 --> 00:16:37,883
Then, on March 11th,
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three days after the plane's disappearance
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00:16:42,145 --> 00:16:48,041
the Malaysian Military releases radar data
that seems to support the hijacking theory.
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00:16:49,144 --> 00:16:55,366
Three minutes after its last radio call
Flight 370 made a sharp turn off course
219
00:16:55,390 --> 00:17:00,675
At the moment that it appeared, that there was a
shadowy trace of this airplane making a left turn
220
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immediately after the
last radio call of ATC
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the possibility of hijack jumps into your face
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00:17:07,513 --> 00:17:10,194
That possibility seems even more likely
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00:17:10,219 --> 00:17:14,240
when photos from a previous flight
co-piloted by Fariq Hamid
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sparks speculation
that he didn't always keep the cockpit secure
225
00:17:18,921 --> 00:17:25,254
If you got flight crews who are, shall we say,
prone to break the rules and let somebody up there
226
00:17:25,279 --> 00:17:28,389
because they just want to do that
in a comradely way
227
00:17:28,413 --> 00:17:31,221
They can open the door to anybody
It might be a pretty girl
228
00:17:31,245 --> 00:17:34,807
but that pretty girl might have a confederate
and a gun in her purse
229
00:17:34,831 --> 00:17:40,473
They may only have a small weapon
or intended to have a weapon
230
00:17:40,497 --> 00:17:44,426
Now they get in there and
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00:17:44,450 --> 00:17:46,450
they have what they need.
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00:18:00,333 --> 00:18:04,636
In the media frenzy
surrounding the disappearance of Flight 370
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00:18:04,660 --> 00:18:07,390
there is talk of a possible hijacking
234
00:18:07,414 --> 00:18:11,945
but for aviation experts,
something about the theory doesn't fit.
235
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I just need to check my charge, is that alright?
236
00:18:14,945 --> 00:18:16,945
Hurry up
237
00:18:19,310 --> 00:18:23,730
Pilots have several ways
to send emergency signals to the ground.
238
00:18:28,348 --> 00:18:31,071
You've got radios to talk on,
you got emergency frequencies,
239
00:18:31,096 --> 00:18:33,666
you can put something in the ACAR system
and type it in
240
00:18:33,690 --> 00:18:36,515
and you've got a code
that you can put in to the transponder
241
00:18:36,540 --> 00:18:41,475
that instantly lets the world of aviation know
you have been hijacked.
242
00:18:42,348 --> 00:18:45,989
They refer it as squawking:
It is sending out a special frequency
243
00:18:46,014 --> 00:18:49,267
that would go back to the control tower
and to the airline
244
00:18:49,292 --> 00:18:51,961
and say:
'this is the hijacking code'
245
00:18:52,659 --> 00:18:58,992
But Air Traffic Controllers never received
a squawked code or any other alert from Flight 370
246
00:18:59,302 --> 00:19:03,022
and an intensive police investigation
has lifted suspicion
247
00:19:03,047 --> 00:19:06,571
from the passengers,
travelling on stolen passports.
248
00:19:06,595 --> 00:19:09,040
They certainly had no links to terrorism.
249
00:19:09,064 --> 00:19:09,722
In fact,
250
00:19:09,747 --> 00:19:14,056
no one on board seems to have any connection
with any terrorist group.
251
00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:19,309
We are talking of thousands of people looked at
interviews being done
252
00:19:22,238 --> 00:19:31,384
At least the public should realize that
this was a very, very extensive investigation
253
00:19:40,233 --> 00:19:42,796
With armed hijacking looking less likely
254
00:19:42,820 --> 00:19:46,375
authorities focus
on the few existing leads in the case
255
00:19:46,399 --> 00:19:49,494
including some troubling timing.
256
00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:53,914
2 minutes after
the last voice communication from the cockpit,
257
00:19:53,938 --> 00:19:57,557
Flight 370's transponder cuts out.
258
00:19:57,581 --> 00:20:01,302
Transponders transmit information
like flight number and position
259
00:20:01,327 --> 00:20:03,684
to controllers on the ground.
260
00:20:03,763 --> 00:20:07,596
Loosing that signal makes it harder
to track the plane.
261
00:20:08,017 --> 00:20:11,659
Even more troubling:
a few minutes after the transponder cuts out
262
00:20:11,683 --> 00:20:15,215
the signal from the ACARS
also switches off.
263
00:20:15,865 --> 00:20:19,381
Turning off the transponder
is extremely straight forward, extremely simple,
264
00:20:19,405 --> 00:20:22,024
even on a sophisticated jet like the 777
265
00:20:22,048 --> 00:20:25,770
Turning off the ACARS is not so simple,
it takes a lot of knowledge
266
00:20:25,912 --> 00:20:31,446
It is difficult to imagine a routine glitch
that would cause the sudden loss of both systems
267
00:20:31,470 --> 00:20:34,145
The answer probably lies elsewhere
268
00:20:39,232 --> 00:20:43,478
There are only two things after a while
that begin to parse out
269
00:20:43,502 --> 00:20:46,079
1. This is a purposeful act
270
00:20:46,103 --> 00:20:49,406
the other is a massive emergency
271
00:20:53,834 --> 00:20:59,493
An on board fire is one of the most
catastrophic emergencies a crew can face.
272
00:21:03,874 --> 00:21:06,667
It can damage multiple systems
273
00:21:06,691 --> 00:21:08,063
including electronics.
274
00:21:08,087 --> 00:21:09,285
There goes the ACARS
275
00:21:09,286 --> 00:21:10,284
Sometimes...
276
00:21:10,832 --> 00:21:13,270
...in unpredictable ways.
277
00:21:18,200 --> 00:21:21,844
A fire such as that
could affect the electrical system.
278
00:21:21,868 --> 00:21:25,447
And so conceivably,
you could loose some capabilities.
279
00:21:26,669 --> 00:21:28,669
In November of 1987,
280
00:21:28,693 --> 00:21:33,018
a South African Airways 747
was bound for Johannesburg.
281
00:21:34,946 --> 00:21:40,851
Fire broke out in its cargo area on the main deck
directly behind the passengers.
282
00:21:41,430 --> 00:21:45,096
By the time the crew got to it,
the fire was raging.
283
00:21:57,050 --> 00:22:00,269
The Captain initiated an emergency descend.
284
00:22:01,189 --> 00:22:04,007
Mauritius, Mauritius Springbok 295
285
00:22:04,506 --> 00:22:07,459
Springbok 295, Mauritius,
Good morning, Go ahead
286
00:22:07,490 --> 00:22:10,461
Good morning, we have a smoke problem
287
00:22:10,486 --> 00:22:14,762
and we are doing an emergency descend
to level 1,500 ft
288
00:22:15,119 --> 00:22:17,816
Thick noxious smoke filled the cabin
289
00:22:17,847 --> 00:22:20,795
And the captain lost power to key-instruments
290
00:22:20,819 --> 00:22:22,279
Now, we lost a lot of electrics
291
00:22:22,304 --> 00:22:25,351
We haven't got anything on the aircraft
292
00:22:25,375 --> 00:22:28,740
The South African 747 never made it home.
293
00:22:28,764 --> 00:22:32,938
159 people died,
when the plane hit the Indian Ocean.
294
00:22:35,937 --> 00:22:39,590
The cargo manifest
from Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
295
00:22:39,614 --> 00:22:43,252
reveals it was carrying
some potentially dangerous cargo
296
00:22:43,276 --> 00:22:48,395
487 lbs of highly flammable Li-ion batteries
297
00:22:48,419 --> 00:22:51,855
Is it possible
that they spark the catastrophic fire?
298
00:22:51,879 --> 00:22:58,339
The amount/weight of Li-Ion batteries exceed
normal standards
299
00:22:58,369 --> 00:23:02,892
considered to be safe
or did they violate that and put too much on
300
00:23:02,917 --> 00:23:09,234
and then maybe put it in the wrong cargo area,
where the fire suppression wasn't as robust
301
00:23:09,258 --> 00:23:11,258
as where it supposed to be
302
00:23:11,615 --> 00:23:13,108
There is a fire on board
303
00:23:13,133 --> 00:23:17,639
Mayday, mayday, this is Malaysia 370,
We have a fire on board
304
00:23:20,130 --> 00:23:21,590
There goes the ACARS
305
00:23:21,614 --> 00:23:23,400
A sudden fire might explain
306
00:23:23,425 --> 00:23:28,318
both the failure of the cockpit instruments
and the abrupt left turn
307
00:23:32,518 --> 00:23:35,089
turning left, heading 240
308
00:23:35,113 --> 00:23:39,438
Perhaps the crew was changing course
to prepare for an emergency landing
309
00:23:39,462 --> 00:23:41,462
The crews do have oxygen
310
00:23:41,486 --> 00:23:46,247
and one of the first things they do
in the event of fire or smoke is to use the oxygen
311
00:23:46,271 --> 00:23:49,589
And that will give them at least
an hour of oxygen to work with
312
00:23:49,613 --> 00:23:51,549
So, there is that possibility.
313
00:23:51,574 --> 00:23:54,398
But the fire theory has a major flaw
314
00:23:54,422 --> 00:23:58,890
The main problem with the fire scenario,
not seeming likely to me is
315
00:23:58,914 --> 00:24:02,382
The #1 thing is that there was no radio call
316
00:24:02,406 --> 00:24:06,675
The cargo base fire alarm should have sounded
before the fire had spread
317
00:24:06,913 --> 00:24:10,447
The first thing that you do
is oxygen mask on, 100%
318
00:24:10,472 --> 00:24:13,937
Make sure my body over here
has his/her oxygen mask on
319
00:24:14,008 --> 00:24:17,277
We are going to declare an emergency immediately
we are going to turn the airplane around
320
00:24:17,301 --> 00:24:20,237
We are going to look
for the nearest suitable airport
321
00:24:20,261 --> 00:24:25,594
There is another compelling reason to doubt
that a fire brought down Flight 370
322
00:24:25,618 --> 00:24:30,626
In London, a small team of engineers at INMARSAT
has made a startling discovery.
323
00:24:31,237 --> 00:24:33,856
The team was looking on Sunday
324
00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:37,562
They initially found something
they couldn't quite believe.
325
00:24:37,586 --> 00:24:41,131
What they've uncovered
immediately casts a troubling new light
326
00:24:41,156 --> 00:24:44,475
on the mysterious events
aboard Flight 370.
327
00:24:47,238 --> 00:24:50,745
INMARSAT technicians have made
a stunning discovery.
328
00:24:50,769 --> 00:24:53,077
Deep in the ACARS data,
329
00:24:53,102 --> 00:24:57,253
they have uncovered a series of
automated signals or handshakes
330
00:24:57,293 --> 00:25:01,721
received from Flight 370
long after it was assumed to have crashed.
331
00:25:02,125 --> 00:25:07,483
It is done through an invisible handshake or ping
between the network and the unit itself
332
00:25:08,244 --> 00:25:12,291
The plane's ACARS computer continues
to answer the automated pings
333
00:25:12,316 --> 00:25:19,702
from the INMARSAT ground-station, every hour,
from 2:25 AM until 8:19 AM
334
00:25:19,726 --> 00:25:24,622
The aircraft was continuing to signal,
a request for service
335
00:25:24,646 --> 00:25:30,066
not for minutes up to the loss
but for over 7 hours after it had disappeared
336
00:25:30,090 --> 00:25:32,090
from the radar system.
337
00:25:32,367 --> 00:25:37,467
The discovery means
Flight 370 did not crash into the Gulf of Thailand
338
00:25:37,491 --> 00:25:40,651
but was in the air for another 7 hours
339
00:25:40,675 --> 00:25:47,635
What changed everything to me and everybody else
was that INMARSAT satellite data.
340
00:25:47,659 --> 00:25:51,405
That says:
'Wait a minute, that plane flew for hours'
341
00:25:51,429 --> 00:25:56,079
A 7 hour flight makes it nearly impossible
to believe a fire brought down the plane
342
00:25:56,103 --> 00:26:01,079
With a fuel energized fire, the airplane is not
going to be capable of flying that many hours
343
00:26:01,103 --> 00:26:07,261
The timing matches earlier ACARS data
about flight 370's fuel consumption
344
00:26:07,562 --> 00:26:13,283
The plane had enough fuel
to keep flying on AUTOPILOT for 7 hours
345
00:26:13,307 --> 00:26:17,427
but no one knows what was happening on board
during all that time.
346
00:26:18,633 --> 00:26:21,160
We now know
that it went in a certain direction
347
00:26:21,184 --> 00:26:24,442
We know that it went thousands of miles out there,
it flew for hours
348
00:26:24,466 --> 00:26:27,458
whether anybody was alive or not,
we don't know.
349
00:26:27,482 --> 00:26:33,085
Once the fuel tanks ran dry
the 2 engines would have cut out one after another
350
00:26:33,109 --> 00:26:35,857
putting the 777 into a downward spiral
351
00:26:35,881 --> 00:26:37,881
until it crashed into the sea.
352
00:26:41,595 --> 00:26:46,904
The new scenario bears a striking resemblance
to another mysterious accident:
353
00:26:46,928 --> 00:26:54,193
In August, 2005, Helios Flight 522
was on route from Cyprus to Athens.
354
00:26:58,462 --> 00:27:02,237
Operations, this is Flight 522, over
355
00:27:02,261 --> 00:27:04,261
Flight 522, what can I do for you?
356
00:27:04,690 --> 00:27:08,173
We have a take off configuration warning.
357
00:27:11,966 --> 00:27:15,866
In the cabin, oxygen masks suddenly dropped.
358
00:27:15,890 --> 00:27:19,057
To the pilots, the alarms made no sense
359
00:27:19,081 --> 00:27:21,907
and then, the plane went silent.
360
00:27:23,581 --> 00:27:29,207
1.5 hour later, the Greek Airforce
scrambled two fighter jets to investigate.
361
00:27:29,231 --> 00:27:34,111
They spotted someone slumped over the controls
in the First Officer's seat,
362
00:27:34,135 --> 00:27:36,834
but there was no sign of the Captain.
363
00:27:37,794 --> 00:27:42,190
There is one figure in the cockpit
of Helios Flight 522
364
00:27:42,594 --> 00:27:44,594
It appears not responsive.
365
00:27:48,046 --> 00:27:52,998
They saw someone moving in the cockpit,
just before the 747 suddenly turned
366
00:27:53,022 --> 00:27:55,022
and made a quick descend.
367
00:27:56,760 --> 00:27:58,504
As the plane sped downward,
368
00:27:58,529 --> 00:28:02,597
the person in the cockpit
finally acknowledged the fighter jet
369
00:28:02,621 --> 00:28:05,490
but no words were exchanged
370
00:28:07,800 --> 00:28:12,699
Moments later,
Helios Flight 522 slammed into the ground
371
00:28:13,992 --> 00:28:16,938
An investigation into the Helios crash revealed,
372
00:28:16,963 --> 00:28:22,269
that the previous cabin crew had reported
seeing ice on the rear service door.
373
00:28:22,293 --> 00:28:25,396
A ground engineer,
investigating the problem,
374
00:28:25,421 --> 00:28:31,702
ran tests that required him to switch the cabin
pressurization control from AUTO to MAN...
375
00:28:31,726 --> 00:28:34,144
...but he didn't switch it back.
376
00:28:35,485 --> 00:28:39,604
When the plane took off again,
the cabin didn't pressurize automatically
377
00:28:39,628 --> 00:28:42,397
and oxygen levels began to drop.
378
00:28:42,421 --> 00:28:46,995
Hypoxia can result in head-aches, confusion,
379
00:28:47,019 --> 00:28:49,805
difficulty understanding what was happening
380
00:28:49,829 --> 00:28:52,749
memory loss, shortness of breath
381
00:28:52,773 --> 00:28:59,003
What is especially sinister about hypoxia
(all pilots are warned about this)
382
00:28:59,138 --> 00:29:01,796
you don't recognize that you are impaired.
383
00:29:03,041 --> 00:29:07,573
Overhead masks deploy
when cabin pressure gets too low
384
00:29:07,597 --> 00:29:11,548
but they only supply oxygen for about 12 minutes.
385
00:29:16,023 --> 00:29:18,330
Slowly starved of oxygen...
386
00:29:18,354 --> 00:29:21,703
...the passengers and crew drifted off to sleep.
387
00:29:22,639 --> 00:29:24,719
Everyone on the plane was unconscious
388
00:29:24,743 --> 00:29:30,179
with the exception of one flight attendant
who somehow had received the oxygen.
389
00:29:30,901 --> 00:29:33,957
By the time that
the flight attendant reached the cockpit
390
00:29:33,981 --> 00:29:35,981
the plane was out of fuel.
391
00:29:36,005 --> 00:29:39,178
There was no way for him to save the plane.
392
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:50,241
Put on your mask
393
00:29:50,757 --> 00:29:55,312
Did Malaysia Air Flight 370
suffer a pressurization failure,
394
00:29:55,336 --> 00:29:59,749
and fly for hours on AUTOPILOT,
just like Helios 522?
395
00:30:00,916 --> 00:30:05,003
the airplane is on AUTOPILOT
for most of the flight
396
00:30:05,027 --> 00:30:08,868
In case both pilots
could not control the plane anymore
397
00:30:08,947 --> 00:30:12,939
the AUTOPILOT would do what it supposed to do.
398
00:30:12,964 --> 00:30:17,400
The Malaysian Flight was flying at 35,000 ft
399
00:30:17,424 --> 00:30:19,424
This is higher than the Mount Everest
400
00:30:19,448 --> 00:30:21,204
and without oxygen,
401
00:30:21,229 --> 00:30:26,403
you can expect 30 to 60 seconds
of useful consciousness.
402
00:30:28,029 --> 00:30:32,608
An Australian Transport Safety Bureau report
helps narrowing down the search area
403
00:30:32,633 --> 00:30:37,347
with the finding that Flight 370's
straight and level path in the final hours
404
00:30:37,371 --> 00:30:41,149
is consistent with an on board hypoxia event.
405
00:30:41,173 --> 00:30:47,578
But there are some troubling details
that suggests something was very wrong
406
00:30:49,324 --> 00:30:52,824
Well before hypoxia could ever have set in.
407
00:30:53,323 --> 00:30:57,234
Hypoxia and disorientation
is not consistent
408
00:30:57,259 --> 00:31:01,632
with turns that are made that would never
have been programmed into the computer,
409
00:31:01,657 --> 00:31:04,401
even in the wildest imagination
410
00:31:04,425 --> 00:31:08,385
Careful analysis of the evidence
has revealed that Flight 370
411
00:31:08,409 --> 00:31:11,567
made 3 turns over the next 1.5 hr
412
00:31:11,591 --> 00:31:14,305
after the last radio call.
413
00:31:15,805 --> 00:31:17,805
First, a turn to the left
414
00:31:17,829 --> 00:31:20,547
then two more, taking the plane West
415
00:31:20,571 --> 00:31:23,340
then South towards Antarctica
416
00:31:23,395 --> 00:31:25,085
For Malcolm Brenner,
417
00:31:25,110 --> 00:31:27,887
those turns strongly suggest
someone in the cockpit
418
00:31:27,912 --> 00:31:30,489
deliberately flew the plane off course
419
00:31:31,853 --> 00:31:33,775
It is conceivable
420
00:31:33,800 --> 00:31:37,591
that a pilot could deliberately
depressurize the airplane
421
00:31:37,615 --> 00:31:43,122
It is part of an effort to hijack the airplane
or take it for some purpose
422
00:31:43,146 --> 00:31:46,892
It would be possible from the cockpit
to turn off the pressurization
423
00:31:46,916 --> 00:31:49,953
and produce a Helios type event
424
00:31:49,977 --> 00:31:51,977
The big question is now:
425
00:31:52,001 --> 00:31:55,157
Who made those mysterious turns...
426
00:31:55,181 --> 00:31:57,181
...and why?
427
00:31:58,991 --> 00:32:03,347
370, contact Ho Chi Minh 120.9
428
00:32:03,376 --> 00:32:04,752
Goodnight
429
00:32:07,537 --> 00:32:12,106
Investigators are struggling
to explain a series of mysterious turns
430
00:32:12,130 --> 00:32:15,931
made by Flight 370, after its last radio call
431
00:32:15,955 --> 00:32:19,248
That's weird, the transponder is just gone off
432
00:32:19,272 --> 00:32:21,272
Anything else affected?
433
00:32:23,950 --> 00:32:26,286
Hold on, the ACARS is out, too
434
00:32:26,311 --> 00:32:28,311
You always want to have an open mind,
435
00:32:28,335 --> 00:32:31,518
catastrophic failures can happen,
you want to consider that
436
00:32:31,756 --> 00:32:35,082
If multiple flight systems failed
at the same time,
437
00:32:35,106 --> 00:32:38,296
it is possible
the problem might have confused the pilots.
438
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:40,723
The damn thing is still not working
439
00:32:40,748 --> 00:32:42,994
we'll try rebooting it
440
00:32:43,018 --> 00:32:45,018
Hang on, let me take a look.
441
00:32:50,698 --> 00:32:52,608
Is that our altitude
442
00:32:52,632 --> 00:32:54,632
Dammit
443
00:32:59,730 --> 00:33:03,063
But when considering all the facts of Flight 370,
444
00:33:03,087 --> 00:33:06,394
that scenario just doesn't stand up.
445
00:33:09,259 --> 00:33:12,426
The 777 is designed to have multiple back ups
446
00:33:12,450 --> 00:33:18,250
making it extremely unlikely that enough systems
could fail to put the flight in jeopardy.
447
00:33:18,559 --> 00:33:19,948
The whole watch-work
448
00:33:19,973 --> 00:33:24,264
is to let these airplanes do much of the work
of making sure everything is backed up
449
00:33:24,289 --> 00:33:25,864
including the back ups.
450
00:33:25,888 --> 00:33:28,677
Multiple failures are also hard to reconcile
451
00:33:28,702 --> 00:33:31,986
with the fact that the plane
kept flying for 7 hours
452
00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:35,549
It just doesn't seem to fit
the evidence we know of the flight.
453
00:33:35,573 --> 00:33:37,922
For investigators like Brenner
454
00:33:37,946 --> 00:33:42,605
the evidence makes it hard
to ignore a rare and horrifying possibility...
455
00:33:42,630 --> 00:33:47,215
...that Flight 370 was brought down
by a deliberate human act
456
00:33:47,239 --> 00:33:51,389
Two different systems went out at the same time:
457
00:33:51,413 --> 00:33:54,627
the transponder and the ACARS
458
00:33:54,651 --> 00:33:58,563
The only purpose of these systems is
to communicate with the ground
459
00:33:58,587 --> 00:34:04,063
and there is no obvious electrical connection
by both would be going out...
460
00:34:04,087 --> 00:34:06,087
...other than a human involvement
461
00:34:10,166 --> 00:34:14,189
Everything comes down to
deliberate action by somebody for some reason
462
00:34:14,213 --> 00:34:17,562
If MH 370 was brought down on purpose
463
00:34:17,586 --> 00:34:20,570
it wouldn't be the first time
for a commercial airliner
464
00:34:20,594 --> 00:34:25,591
There are 6 accidents over the last 40 years
around the world
465
00:34:25,616 --> 00:34:28,737
that have aspects of a deliberate action.
466
00:34:29,863 --> 00:34:32,824
In several cases,
they appeared to be impulsive
467
00:34:32,848 --> 00:34:38,505
but in 2 cases, it appears that the pilots
(although they have psychiatric problems)
468
00:34:38,529 --> 00:34:40,729
they appeared to have careful planning
469
00:34:40,753 --> 00:34:46,245
and deliberately wanted to hide the fact
that what they were doing would be a crime.
470
00:34:47,666 --> 00:34:49,650
That was the controversial finding,
471
00:34:49,675 --> 00:34:55,840
made by a team of US investigators
after the tragic crash of Silk Air Flight 185.
472
00:34:57,109 --> 00:35:00,165
On December 19th, 1997
473
00:35:00,189 --> 00:35:04,125
the Boeing 737 was flying
from Jakarta to Singapore.
474
00:35:04,982 --> 00:35:08,101
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen,
this is your Captain
475
00:35:08,125 --> 00:35:10,125
My name is Tsu Way Ming
476
00:35:10,149 --> 00:35:15,045
On the flight deck this afternoon with me
is First Officer Duncan Ward.
477
00:35:16,124 --> 00:35:21,758
Moments after the crew's last scheduled
radio call to Indonesian controllers
478
00:35:21,782 --> 00:35:26,565
the plane banked sharply
and went into a steep dive.
479
00:35:28,512 --> 00:35:31,280
There were no survivors.
480
00:35:31,304 --> 00:35:36,994
Searchers manage to recover
the Silk Air's FDR and CVR,
481
00:35:39,708 --> 00:35:45,987
but both machines were switched off
before the plane went into its fatal dive.
482
00:35:50,065 --> 00:35:54,000
Investigators discover that the pilot,
Tsu Way Ming,
483
00:35:54,025 --> 00:35:58,669
had recently lost more than a million dollars
in the stock market,
484
00:35:58,694 --> 00:36:03,138
and was scheduled to repay the debt
when he got back to Singapore.
485
00:36:08,082 --> 00:36:10,717
Though Indonesian investigators disagree,
486
00:36:10,741 --> 00:36:16,034
US investigators believe the Silk Air captain
most likely disabled the flight recorders
487
00:36:16,058 --> 00:36:18,526
and put the plane into a dive...
488
00:36:18,550 --> 00:36:21,042
...killing 97 passengers...
489
00:36:21,272 --> 00:36:23,272
...and 7 crew.
490
00:36:25,700 --> 00:36:28,780
Malaysian 370, maintaining level 35,000 ft
491
00:36:29,867 --> 00:36:32,819
Some experts now believe Flight 370 ...
492
00:36:32,843 --> 00:36:35,009
...was also deliberately brought down.
493
00:36:35,033 --> 00:36:37,922
So, in my mind, somebody did this
494
00:36:37,946 --> 00:36:39,255
and it was a pilot
495
00:36:39,279 --> 00:36:44,263
whether it was one of the two individuals up front
who were charged for keeping that plane safe
496
00:36:44,287 --> 00:36:46,882
or whether it was somebody else,
we do not know.
497
00:36:46,906 --> 00:36:48,906
Cruising at 35,000 ft...
498
00:36:53,620 --> 00:37:00,485
...the Captain could have found an excuse
to get the First officer out of the cockpit.
499
00:37:03,977 --> 00:37:05,977
The Captain of the flight has an authority,
500
00:37:06,001 --> 00:37:08,578
he is the pilot in command of the flight.
501
00:37:08,602 --> 00:37:14,046
He can direct the First Officer
to go back to the cabin for various reasons
502
00:37:14,070 --> 00:37:16,070
where as the First Officer can not
503
00:37:16,094 --> 00:37:20,474
So, of the two of them,
the Captain would be of greater attention.
504
00:37:28,262 --> 00:37:29,952
Alone in the cockpit,
505
00:37:29,977 --> 00:37:34,071
it would have been simple to switch off
the transponder and change course
506
00:37:34,096 --> 00:37:37,536
towards an area with little radar coverage.
507
00:37:47,087 --> 00:37:49,087
Hey, open up in there
508
00:37:50,163 --> 00:37:54,142
A few minutes later,
he might have tried to switch off the ACARS
509
00:37:54,166 --> 00:37:58,458
not realizing that
a part of the signal would stay on.
510
00:38:00,672 --> 00:38:02,672
You cannot turn off the handshakes
511
00:38:04,076 --> 00:38:08,941
without getting into the electronics
of the aircraft itself.
512
00:38:08,965 --> 00:38:12,647
People wouldn't know how to do
513
00:38:12,671 --> 00:38:13,797
Captain!
514
00:38:13,821 --> 00:38:17,892
A pilot can stop the door being opened
from the outside
515
00:38:18,344 --> 00:38:21,321
and it is designed to be extremely secure
when locked.
516
00:38:21,345 --> 00:38:25,313
The hardened door, no one else is getting in
good, bad, or otherwise
517
00:38:25,337 --> 00:38:27,876
So, if a good guy is in there
he is locked in
518
00:38:27,901 --> 00:38:31,401
If a bad guy is in there
he is in there safe, too
519
00:38:33,123 --> 00:38:36,900
If the Captain of Flight 370
took control of the cockpit
520
00:38:36,924 --> 00:38:40,432
and hijacked his own plane...
521
00:38:41,415 --> 00:38:45,432
...it is unlikely that anyone else on board
could have raised an alarm.
522
00:38:45,456 --> 00:38:49,668
As far as communication from an emergency
basis from the cabin crew to the ground
523
00:38:49,692 --> 00:38:54,765
you are almost always going to be
unsuccessful with a cellphone.
524
00:38:57,527 --> 00:39:02,665
There is no method of just picking up the phone
bypassing the cockpit and calling the ground
525
00:39:02,705 --> 00:39:06,199
You are pretty much alone for the ride.
526
00:39:09,659 --> 00:39:12,574
Cabin pressure can be adjusted manually...
527
00:39:12,598 --> 00:39:15,939
...a safety feature in case it malfunctions.
528
00:39:15,963 --> 00:39:20,185
But that also makes it possible
to incapacitate everyone else on board.
529
00:39:23,438 --> 00:39:29,605
This one consideration in terms of
neutralizing the other crew-member/members
530
00:39:41,357 --> 00:39:45,429
Anyone who is not on oxygen
would be vulnerable.
531
00:39:53,098 --> 00:39:59,689
Passengers who managed to put on their masks
would have run out of oxygen in about 12 minutes.
532
00:40:00,332 --> 00:40:03,093
With passengers and crew dead,
533
00:40:03,117 --> 00:40:06,505
all that is left is
to make the plane disappear.
534
00:40:06,907 --> 00:40:12,513
The flight over the next hour makes several
more turns which appear to be human directed
535
00:40:12,538 --> 00:40:17,395
and finally ends up
flying in a heading to Antarctica.
536
00:40:17,419 --> 00:40:24,093
So, the appearance is that this is
a carefully thought out effort to evade detection.
537
00:40:28,037 --> 00:40:33,259
I feel very very strongly,
given all the evidence that we think we have
538
00:40:33,283 --> 00:40:35,941
we always have to put that carefully on it
539
00:40:35,965 --> 00:40:39,666
that whoever did this intended for
the airplane and the passengers
540
00:40:39,691 --> 00:40:41,917
to simply vanish from the planet.
541
00:40:41,941 --> 00:40:45,996
If MH370 was in fact brought down on purpose,
542
00:40:46,020 --> 00:40:48,615
one of the most difficult questions to answer...
543
00:40:48,639 --> 00:40:50,020
...is WHY?
544
00:40:50,044 --> 00:40:52,646
Between the 2 pilots,
the Captain and the FO,
545
00:40:52,671 --> 00:40:56,551
the First Officer was a exuberant brand-new
young pilot
546
00:40:56,575 --> 00:41:06,075
who was getting ready to get married;
there were absolutely no error-marks
547
00:41:06,284 --> 00:41:10,032
But you turn to the Captain
and there are no marks there either
548
00:41:11,381 --> 00:41:16,833
Malcolm Brenner thinks
an event from 1994 may provide some insight.
549
00:41:16,857 --> 00:41:20,110
For me, the clearest model is the FedEx example,
550
00:41:20,134 --> 00:41:23,777
and the only reason we know about that clearly is
because it failed.
551
00:41:23,801 --> 00:41:27,816
A FedEx flight engineer
at risk for being fired for lying
552
00:41:27,840 --> 00:41:30,467
boarded a DC10 with concealed weapons
553
00:41:31,321 --> 00:41:34,056
He had a history of being quite brilliant
554
00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:36,826
He was an engineer,
he had a good Airforce record
555
00:41:36,850 --> 00:41:40,119
but he also had a history of psychiatric problems.
556
00:41:40,143 --> 00:41:41,639
Shortly after take off,
557
00:41:41,830 --> 00:41:46,317
he burst into the cockpit
planning to kill the crew and crash the plane.
558
00:41:46,817 --> 00:41:48,817
He almost succeeded.
559
00:41:49,063 --> 00:41:51,011
After a bloody struggle,
560
00:41:51,036 --> 00:41:55,173
the crew managed to restrain their attacker
and land the plane.
561
00:41:58,705 --> 00:42:02,512
Malaysia Airlines may be the latest
of a small handful of airlines
562
00:42:02,537 --> 00:42:05,239
that have suffered the tragedy
of a disturbed pilot,
563
00:42:05,264 --> 00:42:09,251
deliberately setting out
to crash a commercial plane.
564
00:42:10,157 --> 00:42:13,989
You can have someone who can have
psychiatric motivation
565
00:42:15,283 --> 00:42:23,379
but still be able to cold bloodedly plan
in detail a way to commit this kind of effort.
566
00:42:23,403 --> 00:42:26,091
So, I am sorry to say it can happen.
567
00:42:26,115 --> 00:42:29,964
The difficult reality
for investigators and airlines alike
568
00:42:29,988 --> 00:42:34,083
is that human failures
can be nearly impossible to foresee.
569
00:42:35,487 --> 00:42:38,837
If we are dealing with human beings,
we are dealing with imperfect creatures,
570
00:42:38,861 --> 00:42:39,900
that is us.
571
00:42:39,924 --> 00:42:44,542
And we should learn more about the error marks
of somebody who might do this
572
00:42:44,566 --> 00:42:47,241
but it is going to be very difficult
if not impossible to say:
573
00:42:47,266 --> 00:42:50,804
Yeah, we locked this down,
now it can never happen again.
574
00:42:50,828 --> 00:42:57,089
It is possible no one will ever know for certain
exactly what happened aboard Flight 370.
575
00:43:07,713 --> 00:43:11,236
But perhaps
the most important lesson from this tragedy
576
00:43:11,260 --> 00:43:13,260
has already been learned.
577
00:43:13,489 --> 00:43:16,104
The one lesson that I think immediately
comes out of this
578
00:43:16,129 --> 00:43:18,868
is that we got to know where all
these airplanes are all the time
579
00:43:18,893 --> 00:43:20,893
and that is very simple to do
and very inexpensive
580
00:43:20,917 --> 00:43:24,091
You simply hook a GPS up
to one of those transmitters
581
00:43:24,115 --> 00:43:26,353
and in most cases they are already there
582
00:43:26,378 --> 00:43:30,003
and cause it to send its position
every 5 or 10 minutes
583
00:43:30,027 --> 00:43:33,717
and make sure
that nobody in the airplane can turn it off.
584
00:43:33,741 --> 00:43:38,447
Maybe one of the first things that will happen
is that individual airlines will decide:
585
00:43:38,471 --> 00:43:39,739
'We are going to track',
586
00:43:39,764 --> 00:43:43,463
and make that a point of difference
in the way they sell the tickets
587
00:43:43,487 --> 00:43:48,137
Maybe another thing that will happen is,
that the FAA will simply mandate it.
588
00:43:48,161 --> 00:43:50,955
The whole world has an interest
in what happened here
589
00:43:50,979 --> 00:43:52,803
in finding out what happened
590
00:43:52,827 --> 00:43:57,581
so that we can start to prevent it
and see that it never happens again.
591
00:44:02,977 --> 00:44:04,977
Narrator:
Jonathan Aris
592
00:44:05,001 --> 00:44:08,607
Subtitles
Rein Croonen
54000
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