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A Soviet dream that became a
nightmare.
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A disaster officials tried to cover
up...
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...as a brave few battled to stop
radiation
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spreading across the globe.
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Using top secret Soviet documents
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and hearing from those, who risked
everything...
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...this is the story of one of the
world's worst nuclear accidents.
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It's been eight days
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since Chernobyl's fourth nuclear
reactor exploded.
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The core of the reactor is
smouldering,
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releasing large amounts of
radioactive material
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into the atmosphere.
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Helicopters battled to stop this
deadly radiation escaping
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from the molten core.
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The temperatures,
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which we are led to believe were in
excess of 2,000 Kelvin,
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would annihilate anything that came
into that vicinity.
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So, the way to use that is to think
about how we can use the heat
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to melt a structure that would act
as a neutron absorber.
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A number of different things were
tried.
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It was decided to dump a lot of sand
on top of the reactor core.
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Temperature and radiation levels are
rising.
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There was a need to think about
other types of element
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to encase that fallout.
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Lead and a rare element called boron
are added to the sand.
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Up to 200 drops are made every day.
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They were tasked with going on what
they call "bombing runs",
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filling up sandbags and dropping
them
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through quite a narrow hole in the
roof onto the reactor below.
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It's incredibly dangerous work.
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The entire time, the people in the
helicopter were receiving
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quite a high dose of radioactivity.
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The reactor is leaking radiation
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that's up to ten times above a
lethal dose.
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One of the pilots who flew over the
disaster site
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is Soviet Captain Alexander Maruhin.
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In total, 5,000 tonnes of materials
are dropped onto the reactor.
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Nine days after the disaster, the
temperature begins to fall
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and the radiation leak suddenly
drops by 99%.
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But by then, the radiation leak
outside the plant is huge.
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Large areas of Ukraine are now
highly radioactive.
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The Soviet Government announced an
ambitious clean-up operation.
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Thousands of people are drafted in
to Chernobyl
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from across the Soviet Union.
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Most of those were young men and
they were given a job to do
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without really being told the full
consequences of...
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...of what they were undertaking.
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They become known as liquidators.
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Liquidators was a Russian term to
describe the people
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who were engaged in the clean-up,
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mostly soldiers and other military
people, many of them conscripts,
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brought in to do the dirty work.
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Ultimately, around 600,000 people
were involved
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in this liquidation campaign.
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This is a high-risk operation.
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Working in and around the disaster
site,
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the liquidators risk being exposed
to high levels of radiation.
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2,000 roentgen is 10,000 times
higher than background radiation
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and many liquidators like Vladimir
Kagan are sent into areas like this
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with little or no safety equipment.
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The liquidators were definitely
inadequately equipped
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for the dangers that they were
facing.
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The rule really was that the job
had to be done,
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and if there wasn't the safety
equipment,
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then people simply weren't given it.
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Many liquidators travel miles from
Chernobyl.
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They move from village to village,
searching for radiation hot spots.
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The release of radiation from the
Chernobyl disaster was so intense
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that anything that came into that
vicinity would've been irradiated.
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Many towns and villages were
affected by radiation.
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Where a building was infected, it
was sprayed with a decontaminant.
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It was a viscous liquid that
caused...
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...any radiation to adhere to the
side of the building.
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So, the building itself became a
kind of...
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Almost flypaper, where irradiated
material was stuck to it.
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In other places, where the radiation
levels were even higher,
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bulldozers were sent in and entire
villages were completely flattened.
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Abandoned homes are searched.
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Ca rs are collected.
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Anything registering high levels of
radiation is removed and buried.
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Then, some liquidators are sent on a
bleak search and destroy operation.
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GUNSHOTS
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You needed to remove all the
livestock
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and much of the wildlife as well
because it was radioactive.
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GUNSHOTS
6969
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