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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:34,117 --> 00:00:40,624 *Homosexual Liberation Front (1973)* Once, one of us dreamt about a place. 2 00:00:41,291 --> 00:00:44,461 It was open and full of space. 3 00:00:44,962 --> 00:00:47,965 There was an avenue called Libertad. 4 00:00:49,007 --> 00:00:55,097 Instead of exploiting one another, people loved each other. 5 00:00:55,305 --> 00:00:57,808 No-one attacked anyone 6 00:00:57,975 --> 00:01:02,396 because everyone made love with whomever they felt like. 7 00:01:03,272 --> 00:01:09,236 Adults behaved like children and they caressed each other. 8 00:01:11,905 --> 00:01:16,952 Everyone dreams of a place like this, without oppression. 9 00:01:17,244 --> 00:01:20,706 A life worth being lived. 10 00:01:21,123 --> 00:01:26,420 With love, with true love; crazy, full love. 11 00:01:26,670 --> 00:01:28,589 Without exploitation. 12 00:01:30,007 --> 00:01:34,553 However, that dream has nothing to do with real life. 13 00:01:34,887 --> 00:01:38,724 It’s a society of oppressors and oppressed people. 14 00:01:39,183 --> 00:01:44,188 The capitalist oppresses the worker. The father oppresses the son. 15 00:01:44,271 --> 00:01:50,861 The male oppresses the woman. The straight oppresses the gay. 16 00:01:51,278 --> 00:01:57,659 Exploitation is perfect, it’s perfect that women are inferior beings 17 00:01:57,868 --> 00:02:02,080 and that homosexuals have no right to exist. 18 00:02:03,290 --> 00:02:10,088 Otherwise they will be sent to jail, to a psychiatric institution or to be shot. 19 00:02:10,130 --> 00:02:12,799 Marginalisation and silence. 20 00:02:16,053 --> 00:02:20,098 Sex and Revolution 21 00:02:22,893 --> 00:02:24,269 I was born dead. 22 00:02:27,022 --> 00:02:31,026 Doctors at that time recommended smoking to open the lungs. 23 00:02:32,861 --> 00:02:35,113 My mom smoked a lot. 24 00:02:37,366 --> 00:02:43,163 My mom went to childbirth smoking. 25 00:02:44,331 --> 00:02:49,336 She had a problem in childbirth. 26 00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:58,679 The doctors couldn’t get me breathing. I had no vital signs whatsoever. 27 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:00,514 I was considered dead. 28 00:03:01,056 --> 00:03:06,019 I don’t know how long I was left like this 29 00:03:07,437 --> 00:03:13,151 but I do know that an aunt, who was doing her residency at that clinic 30 00:03:13,151 --> 00:03:17,739 walked into the room and started slapping me again and again until I began to cry. 31 00:03:25,038 --> 00:03:32,504 When I was nine, mum and dad split up. I was the only child at school whose parents had separated. 32 00:03:32,546 --> 00:03:37,009 Everyone stared at me as if I had done something weird. 33 00:03:37,050 --> 00:03:42,347 And my dad, even weirder, three months after the separation, committed suicide. 34 00:03:42,639 --> 00:03:49,521 We found out later he had kept his bipolar condition a secret. 35 00:03:50,314 --> 00:03:53,775 He acted like a teenager who would never grow up. 36 00:03:58,614 --> 00:04:03,202 I had just turned nine and my brother seven. And my brother kind of lost it. 37 00:04:03,535 --> 00:04:09,917 From then on, his life was troubled because he had been my father’s favourite. 38 00:04:18,675 --> 00:04:22,221 For as long as I can remember, I have always liked men. 39 00:04:22,262 --> 00:04:25,974 I found the male body wonderful, beautiful. 40 00:04:26,016 --> 00:04:30,896 I liked boys, even grown-up men. 41 00:04:31,980 --> 00:04:39,488 There was a man who used to wear a suit to the office, and once I grabbed his leg and started stroking it. 42 00:04:39,988 --> 00:04:43,242 I was four or five years old. 43 00:04:44,451 --> 00:04:50,207 I was taken away from him, and I yelled: I want to hold that man’s leg! 44 00:04:50,249 --> 00:04:53,710 No-one ever explained things to me back then. 45 00:04:53,919 --> 00:04:58,006 I started to realise I shouldn’t do it, but no-one explained to me why not. 46 00:04:58,173 --> 00:05:07,933 And the growing up process was tough because, from childhood, I had to learn to hide my feelings. 47 00:05:08,433 --> 00:05:18,360 I remember the family scandal when I played with a doll. 48 00:05:24,199 --> 00:05:30,038 The first memories I have with a degree of eroticism, of desiring someone else 49 00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:33,458 of being with someone, were always with a boy. 50 00:05:33,542 --> 00:05:36,253 So it was as natural for me as breathing. 51 00:05:36,503 --> 00:05:43,093 As children play, the teacher watches and may become concerned about a particular child’s behaviour. 52 00:05:43,093 --> 00:05:47,848 From then on, it’s a daily task to explore the root of this problem. 53 00:05:48,098 --> 00:05:58,025 I never considered it weird, but from a certain time, in second grade 54 00:05:58,108 --> 00:06:02,237 being somehow effeminate, not taking part in boys’ sports 55 00:06:02,237 --> 00:06:07,409 not being violent, having clear gay characteristics 56 00:06:08,452 --> 00:06:13,582 made me realise it was wrong to be like that. 57 00:06:13,624 --> 00:06:17,794 And my dad would look at me, thinking: ‘What have I done wrong to get this?’ 58 00:06:17,836 --> 00:06:21,006 But he never said anything. 59 00:06:21,340 --> 00:06:25,344 Somehow, by trial and error 60 00:06:25,511 --> 00:06:29,723 I began to realise that the way I was wasn’t the way others wanted me to be. 61 00:06:32,643 --> 00:06:37,064 I was teased because of my effeminate behaviour. 62 00:06:37,064 --> 00:06:45,364 I was too much of a girl and I was told to ‘be more manly’. I didn’t fit in. 63 00:06:46,198 --> 00:06:52,538 My mum used to beat me up to make me different, change my attitude. 64 00:06:53,247 --> 00:06:56,708 But I didn’t change. I was too much of a girl. 65 00:06:58,252 --> 00:07:00,212 I was already a girl. 66 00:07:05,509 --> 00:07:13,559 In secondary school one of my brother’s friends squeezed my back hard 67 00:07:13,600 --> 00:07:16,478 and called me fag, fag, fag”.. 68 00:07:18,272 --> 00:07:22,609 The pain made me cry. 69 00:07:24,945 --> 00:07:30,492 We were the three secondary school gays, bullied by everyone. 70 00:07:34,496 --> 00:07:38,208 "To be a fag is shit, cause to be a faggot is horrible.” 71 00:07:38,208 --> 00:07:41,879 "Men were born to bang women, women need to be fucked.” 72 00:07:43,922 --> 00:07:52,431 Sex as violence was publicly accepted at that time for the sexuality of both men and women. 73 00:07:52,472 --> 00:07:56,894 Chauvinism was a type of culture, and women participated as much as men 74 00:07:56,894 --> 00:08:00,647 saying, "that man is not manly enough”, “that man is kind of limp. ” 75 00:08:02,858 --> 00:08:11,116 I was in secondary school when I remember waking up in tears 76 00:08:11,158 --> 00:08:17,623 and calling my brother to tell him "I like boys." 77 00:08:19,833 --> 00:08:24,129 My godfather recommended me to go to therapy. 78 00:08:27,883 --> 00:08:31,637 My relationship with sexuality started at an early age. 79 00:08:32,346 --> 00:08:36,975 As a young boy I used to have those kinds of games with my friends. 80 00:08:36,975 --> 00:08:40,938 Playing doctor and that sort of thing. 81 00:08:41,772 --> 00:08:45,275 I was born this way. 82 00:08:45,317 --> 00:08:51,365 The thing is, as a young boy, I wasn't aware that it wasn't totally ok. 83 00:08:52,074 --> 00:08:58,914 In my teenage years, there was always some inner torture 84 00:08:58,956 --> 00:09:03,836 and it was more difficult to conceal it. 85 00:09:05,587 --> 00:09:10,926 It was my best kept secret, even though it was no use to me. 86 00:09:10,968 --> 00:09:16,431 I knew inwardly I had been born defective. 87 00:09:16,431 --> 00:09:20,811 I used to have nightmares of being chased. 88 00:09:24,231 --> 00:09:31,572 I lived with huge guilt for what I was going through. 89 00:09:33,866 --> 00:09:38,620 I knew there was something wrong with me and I had to change. 90 00:09:38,620 --> 00:09:44,459 I had a powerful will to do something, but will has nothing to do with it 91 00:09:44,459 --> 00:09:47,713 on the contrary, it's counterproductive. 92 00:09:48,297 --> 00:09:55,554 I even ended up with a duodenal ulcer as a result of all 93 00:09:55,554 --> 00:10:00,726 the stress, since I didn't know what to do with my life. 94 00:10:00,726 --> 00:10:04,438 I had suicidal fantasies every day. 95 00:10:05,522 --> 00:10:10,319 Not everyone has suicidal thoughts every day. 96 00:10:12,571 --> 00:10:17,910 I found it very hard because I didn't understand anything, I had no information. 97 00:10:17,951 --> 00:10:23,957 If I had known then what we know today it would have been reassuring. 98 00:10:25,792 --> 00:10:32,049 I'd had an incident. When I was 15, I was caught in a situation 99 00:10:32,049 --> 00:10:37,346 and because of it I ended up visiting a shrink. 100 00:10:38,388 --> 00:10:40,307 It was a dreadful experience. 101 00:10:40,307 --> 00:10:48,273 I think he believed that men are made the hard way. 102 00:10:49,525 --> 00:10:56,198 Once, after the session, we left his office, walked down the street 103 00:10:56,198 --> 00:11:02,830 and into a large sports shop where he bought me a punching ball. 104 00:11:03,539 --> 00:11:08,210 Obedient as ever, I set up the punching ball at home and I hit it 105 00:11:08,877 --> 00:11:12,130 because I believed it would heal me. 106 00:11:12,256 --> 00:11:16,343 The thing was that I was completely rejecting what was happening to me. 107 00:11:16,343 --> 00:11:18,720 I wanted to get rid of it. 108 00:11:20,305 --> 00:11:27,688 When I was 20, I fell in love with a younger boy 109 00:11:27,688 --> 00:11:29,690 who never knew about my feelings. 110 00:11:30,566 --> 00:11:32,484 It was devastating for me. 111 00:11:33,110 --> 00:11:37,823 It meant I had taken the last missing step. 112 00:11:37,823 --> 00:11:41,076 Being just a purely sexual matter is one thing 113 00:11:41,076 --> 00:11:46,415 but if love is at stake, an unattainable love… 114 00:11:46,748 --> 00:11:50,460 This was hell because of the suffering involved. 115 00:11:52,171 --> 00:12:00,387 Sex and Revolution Manifest, Homosexual Liberation Front, 1973. 116 00:12:15,861 --> 00:12:22,659 Child sexuality is explicitly denied by the ideology of the system. 117 00:12:23,410 --> 00:12:30,000 Even when this sexuality objectively exists, it is mutilated. 118 00:12:31,210 --> 00:12:37,841 Child sexuality shows the sex object and the variety of impulses 119 00:12:37,841 --> 00:12:40,177 which encompass the human libido. 120 00:12:40,552 --> 00:12:45,599 From that perspective, it is the most authentic side of life. 121 00:12:48,185 --> 00:12:52,439 And this huge flow of potential libido energy 122 00:12:52,439 --> 00:12:58,529 has to be sidetracked towards the social goals of insane jobs. 123 00:13:02,241 --> 00:13:08,831 Dominant classes transform free sexual energy into insane jobs 124 00:13:08,831 --> 00:13:14,503 because they need it for exploitation and insane production. 125 00:13:15,003 --> 00:13:20,717 Libido domination and sexual repression during childhood 126 00:13:20,717 --> 00:13:26,974 ends with its reduction to specific body parts: genitals. 127 00:13:34,606 --> 00:13:39,027 Actually, the whole body is capable of contributing to sexual pleasure 128 00:13:39,027 --> 00:13:46,702 but the domination society needs the most number of body areas 129 00:13:46,743 --> 00:13:49,788 to be assigned to work. 130 00:13:50,956 --> 00:13:58,255 Genitalization is destined to remove from the body its pleasure generator function 131 00:13:58,380 --> 00:14:02,801 in order to turn it into an instrument of deranged production 132 00:14:02,801 --> 00:14:09,224 leaving sexuality with only the essential reproductive role. 133 00:14:12,686 --> 00:14:17,107 That's why the system severely condemns 134 00:14:17,107 --> 00:14:20,569 all forms of sexual activity 135 00:14:20,611 --> 00:14:24,656 that aren't the penis-vagina type 136 00:14:24,656 --> 00:14:29,786 regarding them as pathological deviations or perversions. 137 00:14:30,746 --> 00:14:34,041 In order to chain human beings into deranged work 138 00:14:34,041 --> 00:14:39,880 it is necessary to cripple them by reducing their sexuality to the genitals. 139 00:14:43,926 --> 00:14:48,680 The castration of sexuality aims at introducing 140 00:14:48,722 --> 00:14:55,103 the typical system of domination into the minds, within its thoughts. 141 00:14:57,064 --> 00:15:02,402 A human being who makes the object of domination their own sex drive 142 00:15:02,402 --> 00:15:09,076 will be regarded as a repressed and controlled individual in social scenarios. 143 00:15:09,493 --> 00:15:14,915 A human being who makes the object of domination their sex drive 144 00:15:14,915 --> 00:15:21,088 is undoubtedly ready to take the role of the controller 145 00:15:21,088 --> 00:15:23,674 and/or the controlled. 146 00:15:27,845 --> 00:15:32,349 I would prefer you were a murderer than a homosexual! 147 00:15:33,600 --> 00:15:36,144 Psychiatric Hospital 148 00:15:48,740 --> 00:15:56,123 Until 1973, homosexuality was diagnosed as a psychiatric disease 149 00:15:59,710 --> 00:16:07,384 Gays and lesbians were locked up in psychiatric hospitals and underwent surgery 150 00:16:07,384 --> 00:16:09,344 to remove the 'evil' from them. 151 00:16:09,928 --> 00:16:11,471 Lobotomy, 152 00:16:12,472 --> 00:16:14,850 uterus extraction, 153 00:16:15,267 --> 00:16:19,438 egg extraction, clitoris extraction. 154 00:16:20,063 --> 00:16:22,941 Castration, vasectomy 155 00:16:24,109 --> 00:16:26,778 and pudenal nerve surgery 156 00:16:26,778 --> 00:16:34,244 to remove all pleasurable feelings connected to orgasm. 157 00:16:37,539 --> 00:16:42,878 Electroshocks, hormonal treatments, chemical treatments 158 00:16:42,878 --> 00:16:46,673 to cancel the sex drive or induce vomiting. 159 00:16:46,673 --> 00:16:49,968 Aversion and repulsion therapies. 160 00:16:57,226 --> 00:16:58,936 No-one was cured. 161 00:16:58,936 --> 00:17:06,652 Most patients fell into depression, self-harming or suicide. 162 00:17:10,572 --> 00:17:15,661 The luckiest ones only went through hypnosis therapies 163 00:17:16,328 --> 00:17:19,748 group therapies or psychoanalysis. 164 00:17:22,251 --> 00:17:27,589 The Catholic Church and its 285 million devotees 165 00:17:27,589 --> 00:17:36,306 still believe homosexuality is a disease that needs to be cured through psychiatry. 166 00:17:40,143 --> 00:17:43,522 In Argentina, lobotomies have been carried out 167 00:17:43,522 --> 00:17:48,777 namely the removal of brain parts to heal homosexuality. 168 00:17:50,404 --> 00:17:56,577 It seems that a person incapable of thinking can't be gay. 169 00:17:56,994 --> 00:18:01,248 These surgeries, worthy of Nazi concentration camps 170 00:18:01,248 --> 00:18:07,588 were overseen by both Dr. Márquez, University of Buenos Aires temporary dean 171 00:18:07,588 --> 00:18:10,841 and psychiatrist of the Military Hospital 172 00:18:10,883 --> 00:18:17,472 and Dr. Lionet, current University of BA dean and neurosurgeon. 173 00:18:19,016 --> 00:18:22,519 The former diagnosed and the latter operated. 174 00:18:25,814 --> 00:18:29,026 Onganía Dictatorship 1966/70 175 00:18:29,234 --> 00:18:34,823 Dictator Onganía was an active Catholic 176 00:18:35,365 --> 00:18:39,411 who had appointed inspector Margaride. 177 00:18:39,411 --> 00:18:45,667 He was in charge of controlling the sex life of citizens 178 00:18:45,667 --> 00:18:53,884 their habits, and anything that deviated from public morality. 179 00:18:54,927 --> 00:19:02,518 Police would suddenly break into motels to check if couples were married or not. 180 00:19:02,726 --> 00:19:06,355 Catholic Church hunt tradition. 181 00:19:08,357 --> 00:19:13,237 Obsessive surveillance over dress code. 182 00:19:13,237 --> 00:19:17,491 Cary Grant's haircut was considered the only one suitable for the true male. 183 00:19:17,741 --> 00:19:22,329 Cary Grant and his partner Randolph Scott. 184 00:19:35,259 --> 00:19:38,428 Dictator Onganía was incensed when he saw 185 00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:44,309 the Opera Bomarzo at the Colon Opera House, and banned it immediately. 186 00:19:44,309 --> 00:19:50,232 He was outraged because the bulge of the male dancer's genitals could easily be seen. 187 00:19:51,483 --> 00:19:54,778 In this chauvinist oppressive system 188 00:19:54,778 --> 00:20:00,909 those individuals who do not fulfill the established sexual role: the homosexual 189 00:20:01,660 --> 00:20:04,997 Are a danger to this sistem 190 00:20:05,873 --> 00:20:12,129 Not only because they defy it, but because they reveal its oppressive role. 191 00:20:12,838 --> 00:20:17,718 The desexualisation of the human body is a result of culture. 192 00:20:18,385 --> 00:20:24,850 On this attempt to legitimise the ideology of the repressive exploitation system 193 00:20:25,184 --> 00:20:28,145 we see the disease of culture 194 00:20:36,236 --> 00:20:38,572 *Leonardo Castellani, Catholic Priest * Dear brothers and sisters 195 00:20:38,572 --> 00:20:42,993 *Leonardo Castellani, Catholic Priest * If there is so much feith in the world 196 00:20:43,494 --> 00:20:48,207 why there are so many calamities, so many atrocities 197 00:20:48,207 --> 00:20:54,338 so much degeneration, so much disgrace and so many physical catastrophes? 198 00:20:56,548 --> 00:21:03,222 In a new magazine called Extra, I read that in Buenos Aires there are 199 00:21:03,263 --> 00:21:09,895 200,000 sexual degenerates or gays, and I regret to say this word here. 200 00:21:11,021 --> 00:21:15,275 The only comfort is that this is happening in every city around the world. 201 00:21:15,275 --> 00:21:19,321 In Rome, in St Paul's times, the same thing happened. 202 00:21:19,321 --> 00:21:26,495 In his epistle to the Romans, St Paul refers to it as God's punishment for the pagans' atheism. 203 00:21:26,495 --> 00:21:30,707 What's the link between atheism and homosexuality? 204 00:21:30,749 --> 00:21:36,630 St Paul says that this corporal degeneration existed due to atheism 205 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:42,135 since atheism may be a psychiatric degeneration, thus one thing corresponds to the other. 206 00:21:45,055 --> 00:21:49,101 What side has the Church always been on? 207 00:21:49,101 --> 00:21:51,395 On this one: 208 00:21:52,896 --> 00:21:56,692 everything that is unnatural is sinful. 209 00:21:56,692 --> 00:22:00,529 Since we don't rule nature, we are just rulers of our will. 210 00:22:00,529 --> 00:22:02,698 God rules nature. 211 00:22:02,739 --> 00:22:06,660 Therefore, suicides against human nature are a crime. 212 00:22:06,660 --> 00:22:11,248 Homosexuality, which is unnatural, is a crime. 213 00:22:11,790 --> 00:22:14,543 Despite being not harmful to anyone, apparently. 214 00:22:20,632 --> 00:22:29,016 Sex has the function to unite human beings in constantly renewed and creative ways. 215 00:22:29,224 --> 00:22:35,814 The opposite means to reduce sex to only one of its possibilities: 216 00:22:35,814 --> 00:22:37,649 reproduction. 217 00:22:37,649 --> 00:22:44,698 That's why the chauvinist culture thinks of gays as degenerates 218 00:22:44,698 --> 00:22:48,660 sick, abnormal, or deviants. 219 00:22:50,746 --> 00:22:56,543 Gays actually vindicate all the free sexuality 220 00:22:56,543 --> 00:23:03,884 repressed from childhood by the sexist domination system. 221 00:23:04,468 --> 00:23:09,389 The same system that represses it in order to channel the sex energy 222 00:23:09,389 --> 00:23:11,934 in the deranged production 223 00:23:11,934 --> 00:23:16,104 is the same system defines what's good or bad 224 00:23:16,104 --> 00:23:19,608 it generates guilt and bad conscience. 225 00:23:21,652 --> 00:23:27,115 Gays are the scapegoat of sexual repression. 226 00:23:27,491 --> 00:23:33,288 They get the most severe and immediate punishments. 227 00:23:34,373 --> 00:23:38,836 In Argentina, attacking gays is a national sport. 228 00:23:41,296 --> 00:23:43,715 To talk about homosexuality in Argentina 229 00:23:43,715 --> 00:23:48,053 is not only pleasure, but also terror. 230 00:23:48,887 --> 00:23:52,850 Those kidnaps, tortures, robberies, 231 00:23:53,225 --> 00:23:55,352 imprisonments, and derisions 232 00:23:56,395 --> 00:24:00,732 that gays have been through traditionally in Argentina, 233 00:24:03,485 --> 00:24:06,363 preceded and may help to explain 234 00:24:06,405 --> 00:24:09,241 the dictatorship genocide in 1976. 235 00:24:12,870 --> 00:24:16,790 It's unbelievable to think that police attend special courses 236 00:24:16,832 --> 00:24:20,752 to recognise gays and lesbians by the thickness of their ears. 237 00:24:21,837 --> 00:24:24,423 What's wrong with homosexuality, 238 00:24:24,464 --> 00:24:26,925 with sexuality in general in Argentina 239 00:24:26,925 --> 00:24:31,013 for such harmless actions as licking the penis 240 00:24:31,054 --> 00:24:35,934 or anus to cause such a scandal? 241 00:24:38,687 --> 00:24:42,941 More specifically, the formation of the police, 242 00:24:42,941 --> 00:24:47,946 social and family structures designed to persecute homosexuality. 243 00:24:53,911 --> 00:24:56,955 There are two suspicious people prowling around that place. 244 00:24:57,581 --> 00:25:03,629 It was impossible for two gays to meet up in the street on a pick-up plan, 245 00:25:03,712 --> 00:25:07,716 because they would be instantly detected by this police set-up. 246 00:25:09,343 --> 00:25:16,141 If two just-met gays were spotted, they would be separated. 247 00:25:16,892 --> 00:25:20,771 They would be interrogated separately to find out if they had just met in the street 248 00:25:20,771 --> 00:25:24,733 or if they were friends walking together. 249 00:25:24,733 --> 00:25:30,447 It was outrageous, it was like a permanent Gestapo for gays. 250 00:25:30,864 --> 00:25:34,827 Back then, the famous police edicts 251 00:25:34,827 --> 00:25:38,372 like the 2H and others were in force. 252 00:25:38,747 --> 00:25:45,462 These edicts were against disturbing the peace, and sexual incitement. 253 00:25:46,004 --> 00:25:52,135 They hadn't been issued by a judge, though. They were police edicts. 254 00:25:52,386 --> 00:25:59,476 Police were the ones deciding who should go to jail. 255 00:26:02,104 --> 00:26:07,317 In 1969, a group of gays 256 00:26:07,317 --> 00:26:10,654 gathered in a tenement on the outskirts of Buenos Aires 257 00:26:10,863 --> 00:26:15,659 inaugurated the first attempt at a gay organisation in Argentina: 258 00:26:16,201 --> 00:26:18,579 'Our World' group. 259 00:26:19,746 --> 00:26:23,959 Its main goal was to eradicate the police edicts 260 00:26:23,959 --> 00:26:28,088 and the application of edict 2H 261 00:26:28,088 --> 00:26:33,594 that imprisoned gays in Devoto prison. 262 00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:36,513 Transvestites used to live in Devoto prison. 263 00:26:37,639 --> 00:26:42,102 All they wanted was to walk, live, exist, and be. 264 00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:49,151 Its members were mainly activists of medium/low-class unions, 265 00:26:49,151 --> 00:26:53,113 who were led by Héctor Anabitarte. 266 00:26:54,031 --> 00:26:59,870 Héctor Anabitarte was also a Communist Party activist 267 00:26:59,912 --> 00:27:02,998 who had been rejected by the Party 268 00:27:02,998 --> 00:27:09,463 after coming out of the closet. 269 00:27:09,505 --> 00:27:15,677 A gay in charge of young political school education 270 00:27:15,677 --> 00:27:18,180 was considered a menace. 271 00:27:18,555 --> 00:27:22,893 This situation diverted him from his main objective 272 00:27:22,893 --> 00:27:27,481 that of generating debate within the Communist Party around sexual liberation 273 00:27:27,481 --> 00:27:34,154 around homosexuality as part of sexual liberation 274 00:27:34,154 --> 00:27:37,866 which needed to be part of the revolution. 275 00:27:41,703 --> 00:27:44,748 He had also travelled to Russia, 276 00:27:44,748 --> 00:27:50,879 where he asked how gays were treated there. 277 00:27:52,214 --> 00:27:55,133 He was told: No, there aren't any gays. 278 00:27:55,133 --> 00:27:59,805 -How come? -No, we force them to get married. 279 00:28:01,139 --> 00:28:08,897 Those who couldn't get married were given degrading psychiatric treatment. 280 00:28:09,731 --> 00:28:13,861 He had returned in shock from that trip 281 00:28:13,861 --> 00:28:18,949 after realising that Russia wasn't the land of freedom he had imagined. 282 00:28:22,411 --> 00:28:29,334 Laws against gay relationships also existed in the Soviet Union. 283 00:28:29,334 --> 00:28:34,047 All this repressive apparatus was backed up by scientific concepts. 284 00:28:34,047 --> 00:28:40,304 Psychiatric treatment was a kind of a torment. 285 00:28:41,221 --> 00:28:44,183 Homosexuality was considered a bourgeois deviation, 286 00:28:44,183 --> 00:28:48,645 an intrinsic degeneration of the capitalism that had to be fought against. 287 00:28:48,645 --> 00:28:55,444 It was a degeneration caused by the insanity of capitalism, 288 00:28:55,485 --> 00:28:59,948 therefore gays were insane. 289 00:29:04,745 --> 00:29:09,958 Moscow, 24th of May, 1974. 290 00:29:10,501 --> 00:29:17,299 The Soviet film director, Sergei Parajanov, has been sent to a work camp 291 00:29:17,341 --> 00:29:22,387 for six years after being found guilty of homosexuality 292 00:29:22,387 --> 00:29:26,975 and incitement to suicide, reliable sources said today. 293 00:29:26,975 --> 00:29:35,234 The Russian director recently stood trial in Kiev accused of such crimes. 294 00:29:35,234 --> 00:29:38,570 Homosexuality is a crime in the Soviet Union. 295 00:29:39,613 --> 00:29:45,327 Sayat-Nova by Parajanov was censored. 296 00:29:45,786 --> 00:29:51,959 Sometimes I wonder: Have I invented this or is it the truth? 297 00:29:53,126 --> 00:29:57,297 It's simply the truth, but as I perceive it. 298 00:29:58,590 --> 00:30:02,302 WANTED 299 00:30:02,511 --> 00:30:12,145 Argentina in shock after first appearance of urban guerrilla. FAL kidnapped and liberated Paraguayan Consul. 300 00:30:12,312 --> 00:30:16,191 I became an activist at FAL, Liberation Army Forces. 301 00:30:17,734 --> 00:30:23,490 I was chosen as a general delegate in secondary schools. 302 00:30:23,490 --> 00:30:28,787 I was only 16 when I was coordinating all the secondary schools 303 00:30:28,787 --> 00:30:32,249 I organised a 50,000 student protest, 304 00:30:32,249 --> 00:30:39,256 when streets were blocked and the whole city was paralysed. 305 00:30:41,049 --> 00:30:49,975 One day, we were at a 17-year-old friend's birthday party. 306 00:30:49,975 --> 00:30:56,648 One boy takes me away and asks me: Are you gay? 307 00:30:57,524 --> 00:31:01,486 And I say: ´Yes, I'm gay, I like men.´ 308 00:31:01,486 --> 00:31:02,738 And he says: ´Why didn't you say anything?´ 309 00:31:02,738 --> 00:31:06,074 I say: ´I am treated badly when I admit it.´ 310 00:31:06,074 --> 00:31:11,955 And he says: ´In the political struggle gays are looked down on because they are traitors. 311 00:31:11,955 --> 00:31:17,336 You are very valuable, but I doubt you'll make it.' 312 00:31:20,672 --> 00:31:23,675 From then on they had me isolated, caught, cut-off. 313 00:31:23,675 --> 00:31:31,308 I felt I was being held back because I couldn't participate in the same way the others did. 314 00:31:38,190 --> 00:31:40,734 New York. Manhattan. 315 00:31:46,949 --> 00:31:50,118 Gay bar ´Stonewall Inn.´ 316 00:31:50,786 --> 00:31:55,624 The night of the 27th of June, 1969, 317 00:31:55,624 --> 00:32:01,755 the regulars became fed-up of police raids and decided to resist. 318 00:32:01,755 --> 00:32:04,299 It had never happened before. 319 00:32:17,521 --> 00:32:24,695 Astonished policemen called for more back-up units 320 00:32:25,237 --> 00:32:33,579 after seeing gays from all over the city gathering at the bar door. 321 00:32:33,662 --> 00:32:39,042 They were destroying police cars and assault vehicles. 322 00:32:40,627 --> 00:32:44,089 Barricades and litter-bins were being set alight. 323 00:32:45,174 --> 00:32:48,468 Continuous confrontations with the police. 324 00:32:49,011 --> 00:32:53,765 There were shouts of ´Gay Power´ and everything was being smashed. 325 00:32:55,100 --> 00:32:59,396 It took four days for things to calm down. 326 00:33:01,148 --> 00:33:06,320 It was the first time in the world that gays rebelled 327 00:33:06,320 --> 00:33:12,451 against a police and moral system that pursued gays. 328 00:33:13,202 --> 00:33:17,414 The Stonewall riot gave rise to the first 329 00:33:17,414 --> 00:33:19,875 gay liberation groups in the USA. 330 00:33:19,875 --> 00:33:25,714 The Gay Liberation Front, which fought for a thorough social transformation, 331 00:33:25,797 --> 00:33:29,051 organised, a year after the riot, 332 00:33:29,051 --> 00:33:34,389 the first and largest Gay Pride march in history. 333 00:34:00,457 --> 00:34:01,959 In Argentina, 334 00:34:03,877 --> 00:34:06,630 in August 1971, 335 00:34:09,424 --> 00:34:15,973 the union of Our World and a group of gay intellectuals inspired in the American Gay Power, 336 00:34:16,390 --> 00:34:21,019 inaugurated the official Homosexual Liberation Front, 337 00:34:21,019 --> 00:34:25,774 known by its acronym FLH. 338 00:34:28,735 --> 00:34:34,199 FLH historic landmark of immense relevance 339 00:34:34,616 --> 00:34:40,581 *Homosexual Liberation Front (1973)* Our movement emerges as a gay organisation 340 00:34:41,165 --> 00:34:46,378 of both genres who are not willing 341 00:34:46,378 --> 00:34:51,341 to be marginalised and pursued 342 00:34:51,341 --> 00:34:58,515 just because one sexual orientation is practised. 343 00:34:59,766 --> 00:35:05,647 This pursuit has a clear political root. 344 00:35:06,773 --> 00:35:10,944 Sex itself is a political matter. 345 00:35:12,070 --> 00:35:18,452 To this extent, the liberation we believe in cannot exist 346 00:35:18,452 --> 00:35:23,123 in a system of economical domination, 347 00:35:23,123 --> 00:35:28,795 such as the dependent Argentine capitalism. 348 00:35:30,047 --> 00:35:37,679 The Homosexual Liberation Front is an anti-capitalist, 349 00:35:38,013 --> 00:35:42,142 anti-imperialist and anti-authoritarian movement, 350 00:35:42,142 --> 00:35:50,400 which wants women's and men's liberation, oppressed by the patriarchy. 351 00:36:01,203 --> 00:36:08,293 Debates start around the meaning of patriarchy domination within capitalism. 352 00:36:10,671 --> 00:36:16,218 The document 'Sex and Revolution' by FLH is foundational. 353 00:36:17,177 --> 00:36:20,180 It describes what the patriarchy is and explains 354 00:36:20,180 --> 00:36:26,812 what this fourth feminist wave is proposing 50 years later. 355 00:36:28,438 --> 00:36:34,695 *Sex and Revolution Manifesto* All private and public acts 356 00:36:34,695 --> 00:36:39,616 end up being acts that fulfil a political function. 357 00:36:40,409 --> 00:36:45,581 Every human being faces, from the day of his birth, a primary group: 358 00:36:45,581 --> 00:36:52,504 the family, with the responsibility to educate and produce system-conditioned human beings. 359 00:36:52,754 --> 00:36:57,467 In the family, the male has the absolute 360 00:36:57,467 --> 00:37:00,345 economical, political and social power. 361 00:37:00,679 --> 00:37:05,684 His objects of domination are first, the woman, 362 00:37:05,684 --> 00:37:08,604 and secondly, the children. 363 00:37:09,646 --> 00:37:13,942 The latter are the product-goods of the family factory. 364 00:37:15,694 --> 00:37:20,866 In the family, similarly to other facets of social life, 365 00:37:20,866 --> 00:37:25,120 the dichotomy is replicated: oppressors and oppressed. 366 00:37:28,707 --> 00:37:33,128 This domination presides over each daily act. 367 00:37:34,087 --> 00:37:38,550 Its essence is revealed in the male sexual power 368 00:37:38,550 --> 00:37:41,220 over the female during intercourse. 369 00:37:41,428 --> 00:37:48,477 Intercourse is a culturally structured institution for male satisfaction. 370 00:37:48,977 --> 00:37:54,900 He has the legitimate right to enjoy sex whenever he feels like it. 371 00:37:55,943 --> 00:38:00,906 The dominant male scenario in intercourse 372 00:38:00,906 --> 00:38:08,580 is mirrored in everyday life. 373 00:38:09,331 --> 00:38:14,920 Thus, the woman is reduced to an object of pleasure and reproduction. 374 00:38:15,629 --> 00:38:21,718 For its part, the system imposes the obligation of doing the household chores 375 00:38:21,718 --> 00:38:29,893 without any type of compensation, which unmasks the true situation: 376 00:38:30,227 --> 00:38:32,479 domestic slavery. 377 00:38:35,065 --> 00:38:43,031 In everyday life, the individual takes on the same roles found in the family. 378 00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:46,660 He'll be the oppressive father, if male, 379 00:38:46,702 --> 00:38:49,496 or the submissive mother, if female. 380 00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:59,256 The father's authoritative figure is replicated in the policeman's figure, 381 00:38:59,256 --> 00:39:03,886 the boss', the employer's, the State's: 382 00:39:04,887 --> 00:39:07,806 System-bearing figures 383 00:39:08,682 --> 00:39:12,895 that individuals will bow to, as they do to the father. 384 00:39:13,687 --> 00:39:19,860 Therefore, the domination idea is passed on to each individual 385 00:39:19,860 --> 00:39:21,778 within the family. 386 00:39:27,910 --> 00:39:32,789 We, the gays and the women, are oppressed by sexism 387 00:39:32,789 --> 00:39:36,418 in the heart of this capitalist society. 388 00:39:36,835 --> 00:39:41,381 And the straight males are the oppressive group. 389 00:39:43,300 --> 00:39:46,720 I'm still amazed at the political bravery and boldness, 390 00:39:46,720 --> 00:39:53,602 as well as the conceptual certainty of that document. 391 00:39:54,311 --> 00:39:57,272 Today being anti-patriarchal is mainstream, 392 00:40:00,150 --> 00:40:03,445 being gay is mainstream. 393 00:40:05,572 --> 00:40:08,617 However, at that time 394 00:40:08,826 --> 00:40:12,079 it was very different. 395 00:40:14,039 --> 00:40:17,292 The FLH, was the group I belonged to. 396 00:40:17,751 --> 00:40:19,962 Homosexual Liberation Front 397 00:40:20,504 --> 00:40:26,260 Being a front, it attracted many groups. 398 00:40:29,221 --> 00:40:35,519 I used to be a well-behaved, but withdrawn and geeky boy. 399 00:40:36,061 --> 00:40:40,482 One day I came across 'The Gay Liberation Book', 400 00:40:40,732 --> 00:40:44,528 which made me realise that out of all the gay people I knew, 401 00:40:44,528 --> 00:40:48,615 the most interesting were the ones who turned it into activism. 402 00:40:49,616 --> 00:40:53,412 That was when I began my quest to find FLH, 403 00:40:55,914 --> 00:40:58,834 which wasn't easy. 404 00:40:59,543 --> 00:41:02,880 I was given a phone number. I called right away, 405 00:41:04,298 --> 00:41:10,179 and was called to an interview. 406 00:41:11,305 --> 00:41:12,931 It was a Saturday afternoon. 407 00:41:12,931 --> 00:41:15,309 That night, they were going clubbing. 408 00:41:15,309 --> 00:41:19,688 They invited me and I said yes. 409 00:41:20,230 --> 00:41:26,361 That's how I ended up in a club in Lanús named Monali. 410 00:41:26,361 --> 00:41:33,035 What an amazing thing. I'd never seen two guys dancing together. 411 00:41:33,076 --> 00:41:38,332 Suddenly there were hundreds there and it was such a diverse range of people. 412 00:41:38,499 --> 00:41:51,345 One of the great things about homosexuality is that it covers all ages, social classes, religions. 413 00:41:51,345 --> 00:41:56,517 All types were there, from both rich and poor neighbourhoods. 414 00:41:57,226 --> 00:42:04,983 It was always organised clandestinely in Greater Buenos Aires, 415 00:42:05,484 --> 00:42:17,663 since police there were easier to bribe than Buenos Aires City police. 416 00:42:18,914 --> 00:42:24,169 There were police raids every day. 417 00:42:24,169 --> 00:42:29,132 Up to 400 people might be taken away in police buses. 418 00:42:29,132 --> 00:42:31,343 Just horrible. 419 00:42:31,343 --> 00:42:44,022 Our struggle was to do away with these police edicts 420 00:42:45,315 --> 00:42:54,324 but they weren't abolished until 1996. 421 00:42:54,324 --> 00:42:57,619 My story is set in 1973. 422 00:43:00,455 --> 00:43:04,835 The Eros group, led by Néstor Perlongher, 423 00:43:05,210 --> 00:43:12,926 was the largest within the FLH and I was involved with that. 424 00:43:14,052 --> 00:43:20,392 Perlongher believed that when the time came to take power 425 00:43:20,392 --> 00:43:27,232 and the revolution was manifested in all its glory, 426 00:43:27,232 --> 00:43:33,238 gays would take part in a smaller revolt within the greater revolution. 427 00:43:34,531 --> 00:43:39,077 The Eros group carried out the most revolutionary, 428 00:43:39,077 --> 00:43:43,123 most explicit and most streetwise actions, 429 00:43:43,123 --> 00:43:46,460 such as spraying messages on walls or walking into bars 430 00:43:46,460 --> 00:43:50,130 and handing out leaflets before running away. 431 00:43:51,089 --> 00:43:56,678 *Eros Group* Every week hundreds of gay imprisonments take place. 432 00:44:04,937 --> 00:44:07,022 Why is that? 433 00:44:07,022 --> 00:44:12,945 Because the bloody system of exploitation and domination is based, 434 00:44:12,945 --> 00:44:20,202 ultimately, upon repressing the erotic potential of people. 435 00:44:20,202 --> 00:44:23,539 Namely, if people loved each other, 436 00:44:23,539 --> 00:44:28,043 they wouldn't exploit, take over, or kill. 437 00:44:28,043 --> 00:44:32,548 Neither would they allow others to be exploited, taken over or killed. 438 00:44:32,923 --> 00:44:37,886 The homosexuals, by showing through our sexual practice the actual 439 00:44:37,886 --> 00:44:45,561 and concrete possibility of erotic pleasure not related to reproductive functions, 440 00:44:45,561 --> 00:44:49,982 nor to the hierarchical vertical structure of marriage, 441 00:44:49,982 --> 00:44:52,776 nor to the patriarchal family, 442 00:44:52,776 --> 00:44:59,241 we gays pose a threat to unleash the wave of love upon a society 443 00:44:59,241 --> 00:45:03,787 precisely based on repressing love. 444 00:45:03,787 --> 00:45:10,752 That's why we gays are persecuted and humiliated outcasts. 445 00:45:10,752 --> 00:45:17,050 Chauvinists can't bear our presence without sending us to prison, 446 00:45:17,050 --> 00:45:21,805 killing, attacking or insulting us. 447 00:45:21,805 --> 00:45:23,974 They are afraid of us. 448 00:45:23,974 --> 00:45:30,439 They are afraid of our unlawful sexuality, of their own repressed, 449 00:45:30,439 --> 00:45:33,901 denied and forgotten sexuality. 450 00:45:33,901 --> 00:45:39,490 By making love, we gays, the disgrace to the family, 451 00:45:39,490 --> 00:45:45,078 come out of hiding and start being ourselves, 452 00:45:45,078 --> 00:45:50,459 questioning not only the mere foundations of the system that oppress us 453 00:45:50,459 --> 00:45:53,170 but all kinds of oppression. 454 00:45:54,838 --> 00:46:04,598 This struggle is about the recognition of our right to love the way we feel, 455 00:46:04,598 --> 00:46:08,352 and about the end of police repression. 456 00:46:08,727 --> 00:46:14,817 Grouped together in the FLH, we Argentine gays claim: 457 00:46:14,817 --> 00:46:22,699 abolition of anti-gay police edicts; freedom to imprisoned gays; 458 00:46:22,699 --> 00:46:27,913 a halt to political and sexual repression. That is Group Eros. 459 00:46:30,207 --> 00:46:35,128 We didn't have access to the same gay community, 460 00:46:35,712 --> 00:46:42,678 since people didn't agree with an explicit struggle. 461 00:46:42,928 --> 00:46:48,642 The mindset was 'Behave well". 462 00:46:48,642 --> 00:46:52,479 "If we don't offend, we'll be tolerated". 463 00:47:00,195 --> 00:47:06,910 Many great gay intellectuals find no benefit in being part of a group. 464 00:47:07,119 --> 00:47:10,622 Why become public if they are okay? 465 00:47:24,303 --> 00:47:27,181 U.S.A. Feminists. 466 00:47:32,144 --> 00:47:35,189 At that time the argentine left parties didn't take part in the debates 467 00:47:35,647 --> 00:47:41,236 about sexual liberation, patriarchy and feminism. 468 00:47:42,654 --> 00:47:45,199 A more basic debate about proletariat 469 00:47:45,407 --> 00:47:49,411 and the revolutionary movement was happening. 470 00:47:53,582 --> 00:47:56,960 The Homosexual Liberation Front began conversations 471 00:47:56,960 --> 00:47:58,754 with the revolutionary Left movement. 472 00:47:59,129 --> 00:48:05,511 However, the Left leaders weren't interested in sexual liberation. 473 00:48:05,511 --> 00:48:13,435 They were aware of the repercussions of Fidel Castro's regime towards gays in Cuba. 474 00:48:14,645 --> 00:48:19,358 The idea about gays needing re-education centres. 475 00:48:20,818 --> 00:48:23,237 I guess they didn't know about 476 00:48:23,237 --> 00:48:28,325 Fidel Castro's conception of those centres as prisons. 477 00:48:28,408 --> 00:48:33,205 Gays would commit suicide; they would be raped by prison guards. 478 00:48:36,583 --> 00:48:41,338 In 1965, Raúl Castro created 479 00:48:41,630 --> 00:48:47,886 Military Units to Aid Production, which was aimed at those who 480 00:48:47,886 --> 00:48:54,059 had taken the wrong path away from society to help them get back on track. 481 00:48:55,811 --> 00:48:58,063 They were concentration camps, 482 00:48:58,564 --> 00:49:07,531 to where most gays, lesbians, activists of the Cuban Revolution were sent. 483 00:49:08,657 --> 00:49:11,493 Great writers such as Reynaldo Arenas, 484 00:49:11,618 --> 00:49:14,079 who ended up hating the revolution 485 00:49:14,246 --> 00:49:19,960 that not only sent all of them to prison but destroyed them physically. 486 00:49:20,169 --> 00:49:22,171 In the Cuban Revolution! 487 00:49:34,433 --> 00:49:40,439 Left-wing parties claim that homosexuality is a product of decaying capitalism. 488 00:49:40,439 --> 00:49:44,401 *Sex and Revolution Manifesto* 489 00:49:44,693 --> 00:49:49,490 Homosexuality existed long before capitalism, 490 00:49:49,490 --> 00:49:55,954 since the original human libido doesn't scorn any of its possibilities. 491 00:49:56,872 --> 00:50:00,167 Behind this left-wing parties' proposal, 492 00:50:00,250 --> 00:50:09,176 lies the inability to formulate a new order, a truly new revolutionary routine. 493 00:50:10,135 --> 00:50:15,432 The Homosexual Liberation Front proposes to start a revolution 494 00:50:15,432 --> 00:50:20,395 that simultaneously annihilates not only the economic and political 495 00:50:20,938 --> 00:50:26,443 system foundations but also its sexist ideological grounds. 496 00:50:26,693 --> 00:50:34,451 Otherwise, the system of oppression will replicate automatically 497 00:50:34,451 --> 00:50:42,668 after a revolutionary process that would only shake the political and economic spheres. 498 00:50:45,420 --> 00:50:51,385 The official rhetoric was absolutely heteronormative and hero-worshipping. 499 00:50:51,718 --> 00:50:56,390 In the '70s, guerrilla heroism 500 00:50:56,557 --> 00:51:01,812 was a completely chauvinistic and heterosexual heroism 501 00:51:02,062 --> 00:51:07,317 And that rhetoric permeated all. 502 00:51:09,528 --> 00:51:14,491 It was prohibited to express yourself in a particular way, 503 00:51:14,950 --> 00:51:20,080 to wear specific trousers, i.e. freedom of expression. 504 00:51:23,625 --> 00:51:25,961 I was an activist in a political party. 505 00:51:25,961 --> 00:51:29,673 I was a member of the Students' Union at my university. 506 00:51:29,673 --> 00:51:34,178 Guillermo is an activist in the Socialist Party of Workers, with Trotskyist ideas 507 00:51:34,469 --> 00:51:38,015 You censored yourself because you wanted to belong, 508 00:51:38,015 --> 00:51:39,391 you wanted to be there. 509 00:51:39,391 --> 00:51:45,439 Revolution was important, activism, the building of the Party. 510 00:51:45,856 --> 00:51:49,651 And within the Party, this did exist. 511 00:51:50,527 --> 00:51:56,492 One grows up fighting against a desire. 512 00:51:56,492 --> 00:51:58,577 And there is a word for that. 513 00:51:59,161 --> 00:52:01,955 The first homophobic, the greatest homophobic, 514 00:52:01,955 --> 00:52:05,959 against the gay, is the gay themselves. 515 00:52:06,543 --> 00:52:10,380 In the whole process of denying your sexuality, 516 00:52:10,380 --> 00:52:14,510 you begin consolidating your own homophobia. 517 00:52:15,177 --> 00:52:21,725 So, this is a filter for social relationships, 518 00:52:21,808 --> 00:52:24,978 for your place in the world. 519 00:52:32,569 --> 00:52:37,491 There were two books we consumed as junior party members, 520 00:52:37,533 --> 00:52:43,205 both by Wilhelm Reich, a German Communist activist. 521 00:52:43,622 --> 00:52:48,585 He wrote The Function of the Orgasm and The Sexual Struggle of Youth. 522 00:52:54,716 --> 00:52:58,846 Man is the only biological species 523 00:52:58,846 --> 00:53:05,185 that has destroyed his own natural sexual function. 524 00:53:06,061 --> 00:53:09,523 That is what's wrong. 525 00:53:10,607 --> 00:53:15,737 *The Function of the Orgasm by Wilhelm Reich* 526 00:53:15,737 --> 00:53:21,869 It turns man into a source of hatred, generating terrible disasters for humanity. 527 00:53:29,960 --> 00:53:35,007 From the beginning of the patriarchal authoritarian culture 528 00:53:35,007 --> 00:53:38,093 more than 4,000 years ago, 529 00:53:38,468 --> 00:53:43,932 human beings have adopted a hostile attitude 530 00:53:44,016 --> 00:53:47,352 towards what's alive within themselves. 531 00:53:47,895 --> 00:53:51,231 They've stepped away from pleasure. 532 00:53:53,025 --> 00:53:58,697 Duty has replaced the natural enjoyment of work, 533 00:53:59,114 --> 00:54:02,910 and guilt has replaced the enjoyment of orgasm. 534 00:54:03,744 --> 00:54:09,458 Sexually frustrated men and women define 535 00:54:10,042 --> 00:54:16,590 the moral and social parameters of human sexuality. 536 00:54:17,508 --> 00:54:26,391 This way is condemned to darkness; to a dirty, unhealthy life. 537 00:54:26,767 --> 00:54:31,980 It is opposed to culture and development. 538 00:54:32,689 --> 00:54:41,698 Sexual dissatisfaction and restrained sexual energy lead to neurosis. 539 00:54:42,407 --> 00:54:55,295 Sexual repression serves the purpose of subduing human beings more easily. 540 00:54:55,504 --> 00:55:06,265 The same way foal and bull castration subdues beasts of burden. 541 00:55:06,473 --> 00:55:10,561 However, no one has thought about 542 00:55:10,561 --> 00:55:17,025 the devastating results of that mental castration. 543 00:55:17,484 --> 00:55:24,825 And no one can foresee what human society will face. 544 00:55:25,534 --> 00:55:32,624 Among the hundreds of patients I treated and observed over many years, 545 00:55:33,542 --> 00:55:44,178 not one single woman had experienced a vaginal orgasm. 546 00:55:44,970 --> 00:55:53,604 Among men, 70% showed severe genital disorders. 547 00:55:59,193 --> 00:56:03,071 We had two alternatives: 548 00:56:03,363 --> 00:56:06,074 one was turning into the Sleeping Beauty 549 00:56:06,158 --> 00:56:10,537 waiting for Prince Charming to wake us up. 550 00:56:12,206 --> 00:56:14,958 *Homosexual Liberation Front* 551 00:56:22,799 --> 00:56:26,929 The other was rebelling. 552 00:56:28,764 --> 00:56:33,977 Rebelling is the only chance left for people to start living. 553 00:56:34,645 --> 00:56:39,316 Protesting, claiming, vindicating our rights. 554 00:56:39,942 --> 00:56:42,152 Making our dreams come true. 555 00:56:43,737 --> 00:56:47,074 We recalled a Mario Benedetti quote: 556 00:56:47,950 --> 00:56:53,205 'Prohibition is wonderful, permission is dire'. 557 00:56:54,665 --> 00:56:58,210 We weren't the first ones, nor the only ones. 558 00:56:58,293 --> 00:57:05,676 There were many people, most of the people were rebelling. 559 00:57:06,134 --> 00:57:13,225 They were fighting for liberation and many of us were there, fighting. 560 00:57:13,350 --> 00:57:21,400 We understood that sexual liberation was a vindication worth fighting for, 561 00:57:21,400 --> 00:57:28,198 not forgetting that one can't be free while there are slaves around, 562 00:57:28,991 --> 00:57:30,868 or in bed. 563 00:57:32,452 --> 00:57:37,583 I was already an activist in Quilmes, south of Buenos Aires, in Berazategui. 564 00:57:37,875 --> 00:57:44,214 I remember a group of comrades talking about the reason for the revolution. 565 00:57:44,965 --> 00:57:50,012 We always concluded that it was art and sexuality. 566 00:57:50,095 --> 00:58:00,439 To dedicate yourself to art and to lead a full and pleasurable sex life. 567 00:58:06,862 --> 00:58:14,119 What I liked most about the FLH was the political involvement we were searching for. 568 00:58:14,203 --> 00:58:20,876 We not only sought to liberate ourselves in order to live life without being attacked, 569 00:58:22,252 --> 00:58:27,424 but also for the freedom of a whole society. 570 00:58:28,800 --> 00:58:35,766 One of the slogans we had was living and loving freely in a liberated country. 571 00:58:36,183 --> 00:58:38,393 We were struggling for that reason. 572 00:58:43,690 --> 00:58:46,318 1973 was a really busy year. 573 00:58:46,693 --> 00:58:55,160 Peronism proscription had ended after an 18-year ban of uttering the name Perón. 574 00:58:56,328 --> 00:59:03,085 It was a huge move that meant Peronists could now participate in national elections. 575 00:59:06,338 --> 00:59:12,678 In a meeting between Campora lawyers and the Homosexual Liberation Front, 576 00:59:12,678 --> 00:59:20,602 it was proposed to create psychiatric hospitals to treat homosexuality. 577 00:59:21,478 --> 00:59:24,314 It was the left-wing Peronism, they didn't understand each other. 578 00:59:24,398 --> 00:59:32,281 However, the Homosexual Liberation Front knew the only possible alliance in politics 579 00:59:32,364 --> 00:59:33,824 was to be found in Peronism, 580 00:59:34,158 --> 00:59:37,995 since the other groups didn't have the same access. 581 00:59:42,124 --> 00:59:48,672 So Peronism achieved a crushing victory with the slogan 582 00:59:49,047 --> 00:59:52,801 'Campora to office, Perón to power'. 583 00:59:58,932 --> 01:00:03,854 We were living Campora's springtime, and that was a really good time. 584 01:00:04,021 --> 01:00:08,775 With springtime we mean that something really cool is going on. 585 01:00:08,942 --> 01:00:19,953 There was a libertarian atmosphere and the Homosexual Liberation Front was a part of that. 586 01:00:20,078 --> 01:00:25,918 By then, I was flourishing, 587 01:00:25,918 --> 01:00:33,717 having figured out my sexuality and being able to start living well. 588 01:00:35,928 --> 01:00:42,559 When Campora takes over, the most logical thing for us was to be there. 589 01:00:43,310 --> 01:00:45,729 We have to come out and make ourselves noticeable - 590 01:00:45,729 --> 01:00:49,316 it's the only way to get out from underground. 591 01:00:49,942 --> 01:00:53,695 We have to get organised and take to the streets. 592 01:00:54,196 --> 01:01:01,662 We arrived in Plaza de Mayo, a group of 15 bareheaded people. 593 01:01:04,081 --> 01:01:12,756 We were isolated, because no one wanted to be around us. 594 01:01:12,756 --> 01:01:13,882 An enclosed area. 595 01:01:13,966 --> 01:01:20,013 Like a void around the Homosexual Liberation Front. 596 01:01:21,682 --> 01:01:24,351 Suddenly no one wanted to get contaminated. 597 01:01:27,813 --> 01:01:37,322 Our flag not only said Homosexual Liberation Front, but also May love and equality prevail. 598 01:01:37,364 --> 01:01:39,783 And these are verses from the Peronist march. 599 01:01:40,576 --> 01:01:44,204 The thing is that no one had vindicated them in that way. 600 01:01:46,415 --> 01:01:50,794 It was the first time in the whole of Latin America 601 01:01:51,503 --> 01:01:57,301 that a gang of homosexuals, like us, 602 01:01:57,676 --> 01:02:04,099 took part in aclear political act such as the takeover of a president. 603 01:02:06,059 --> 01:02:12,483 Our fight was actually to be accepted as political actors. 604 01:02:13,275 --> 01:02:17,362 The national mindset was that a homosexual with social awareness 605 01:02:17,362 --> 01:02:19,907 wasn't influential. 606 01:02:21,408 --> 01:02:25,621 I always remember an act in the School of Law. 607 01:02:26,413 --> 01:02:29,958 All the support organisations were read out, 608 01:02:30,375 --> 01:02:34,379 and when the Homosexual Liberation Front was mentioned, 609 01:02:34,379 --> 01:02:36,006 what happened? 610 01:02:36,507 --> 01:02:39,343 Everyone burst out laughing. 611 01:02:41,595 --> 01:02:44,723 Right-wing and left-wing parties, 612 01:02:44,723 --> 01:02:47,893 including the most progressive left-wing party, 613 01:02:47,935 --> 01:02:52,147 were actively anti-gay, posing different arguments. 614 01:02:52,272 --> 01:02:57,611 Back then, a d ocument is issued by ERP called Morals and Proletarianisation. 615 01:02:57,986 --> 01:03:01,532 Monogamy allowed, infidelity was punished. 616 01:03:01,615 --> 01:03:06,745 Homosexuality was a bourgeois monstrosity that had to be fought. 617 01:03:09,331 --> 01:03:12,835 Campora allows Perón to return from exile. 618 01:03:13,168 --> 01:03:18,048 That's June 20, 1973. He landed at Ezeiza. 619 01:03:22,177 --> 01:03:27,057 We welcomed him. We went there to welcome him 620 01:03:27,099 --> 01:03:30,811 All roads were blocked, all closed, 621 01:03:31,562 --> 01:03:36,900 the only way to get there was on foot, miles and miles. 622 01:03:38,443 --> 01:03:42,322 We lined up on that road, 623 01:03:42,614 --> 01:03:47,035 which got us noticed. 624 01:03:48,036 --> 01:03:55,502 The people in front of us walked way up ahead, 625 01:03:55,627 --> 01:03:58,881 and the ones behind us, knowing who we were, 626 01:03:58,881 --> 01:04:03,760 walked way behind, so as not to merge into our group. 627 01:04:06,638 --> 01:04:08,098 That was shocking. 628 01:04:08,098 --> 01:04:16,315 Suddenly, instead of being the FLH, we looked like a group of lepers 629 01:04:17,107 --> 01:04:18,817 nobody wanted to have contact with. 630 01:04:20,277 --> 01:04:24,865 Instead of carrying banners, we should've got bells, 631 01:04:24,865 --> 01:04:28,911 the same ones lepers used in the Middle Ages to announce their presence. 632 01:04:29,995 --> 01:04:33,832 That was very hard, 633 01:04:33,874 --> 01:04:42,216 I've just come out of the closet, just joined the FLH 634 01:04:42,257 --> 01:04:47,846 and had no experience of that kind of treatment 635 01:04:49,848 --> 01:04:55,646 I couldn't handle it, 636 01:04:56,021 --> 01:04:57,773 and I didn't make it to Ezeiza. 637 01:04:58,273 --> 01:05:01,443 I left the march because it was unbearable. 638 01:05:01,610 --> 01:05:05,656 I've never been through something like that. 639 01:05:07,032 --> 01:05:10,452 When they get to Ezeiza the massacre breaks out. 640 01:05:15,707 --> 01:05:21,296 Right-wing Peronism against left-wing Peronism. 641 01:05:23,465 --> 01:05:28,220 No casualties of the FLH in Ezeiza. 642 01:05:31,723 --> 01:05:34,726 USA fosters the violent advance of fascism 643 01:05:35,102 --> 01:05:38,355 and state terrorism in Latin America 644 01:05:38,397 --> 01:05:40,232 to stop the left development. 645 01:05:41,567 --> 01:05:50,617 All suppression of sexual reward brings about rage due to frustration. 646 01:05:52,411 --> 01:06:04,423 It materialises in hatred, sadism, aggressiveness, and destructive tendencies. 647 01:06:10,554 --> 01:06:17,269 The sadistic destructiveness of our times 648 01:06:17,269 --> 01:06:25,194 is the result of the inhibition of natural loving life. 649 01:06:37,247 --> 01:06:46,798 The orgasmically unsatisfied individual experiences anguish due to pleasure, 650 01:06:46,840 --> 01:06:57,559 which is actually fear of pleasurable arousal and fear of a free and independent life. 651 01:06:58,393 --> 01:07:02,481 They develop a fake character and 652 01:07:02,731 --> 01:07:10,823 dread all kinds of spontaneous and excitable behaviour. 653 01:07:11,698 --> 01:07:15,619 Driven by hatred and envy, 654 01:07:15,619 --> 01:07:22,334 they become fierce enemies of progress. 655 01:07:23,919 --> 01:07:33,470 That’s why the anguish due to pleasure is the foundation where the self-repressed individual 656 01:07:33,470 --> 01:07:43,605 will recreate the denying ideologies of life: basis of dictatorships. 657 01:07:43,689 --> 01:07:51,989 Or they lead to mass killings in the form of wars. 658 01:07:53,991 --> 01:07:58,871 Military Coup D'etat In Chile, 11 September 1973 659 01:08:00,455 --> 01:08:10,841 Anguish due to pleasure becomes a powerful source from which politicians 660 01:08:10,924 --> 01:08:14,595 and conservative political parties extract their energy. 661 01:08:14,595 --> 01:08:21,894 Their goal is to exert all possible kinds of reactionary political practices 662 01:08:21,894 --> 01:08:27,608 to control the main working class. 663 01:08:29,109 --> 01:08:33,739 There can't be permanent peace on Earth, 664 01:08:33,780 --> 01:08:41,955 and all our efforts to socialise huma beings will be in vain, 665 01:08:41,955 --> 01:08:55,135 while politicians and dictators with no idea of love continue controlling the masses 666 01:08:55,511 --> 01:09:04,728 who are endemically neurotic and sexually sick. 667 01:09:05,270 --> 01:09:14,404 There will be annihilation of life, whether through compulsive education, 668 01:09:14,404 --> 01:09:21,119 compulsive social institutions or through wars. 669 01:09:32,798 --> 01:09:36,844 In order to eradicate neurosis from the masses 670 01:09:36,844 --> 01:09:45,102 we need first of all to eliminate the material needs of people 671 01:09:45,644 --> 01:09:55,821 and guarantee an obstacle-free development of sexual happiness for each individual. 672 01:09:56,071 --> 01:10:03,370 In this way, we will achieve an authentic democracy. 673 01:10:08,125 --> 01:10:15,340 Society wasn't ready for us, for our vindications 674 01:10:15,340 --> 01:10:18,802 The homosexual battle in Argentina 675 01:10:19,386 --> 01:10:22,973 Activism wasn't ready at all. 676 01:10:24,057 --> 01:10:32,691 And the right-wing Peronism accuses the left-wing Peronism 677 01:10:32,691 --> 01:10:38,489 of being infested with drug heads and gays. 678 01:10:42,743 --> 01:10:46,079 March Against The Military Coup D'etat In Chile 679 01:10:46,788 --> 01:10:52,252 The first time I saw the Left speaking out overtly against homosexuality 680 01:10:52,252 --> 01:10:54,129 was in the solidarity march with Chile, 681 01:10:54,213 --> 01:11:01,887 when the left-wing Peronism - about 200,000 youngsters occupying 10 blocks 682 01:11:01,887 --> 01:11:06,642 - were chanting ‘We aren’t fags, we aren’t junkies, we are FAR soldiers and Montoneros’. 683 01:11:06,767 --> 01:11:10,229 Everyone sang and believed in this slogan. 684 01:11:10,687 --> 01:11:13,148 Not surprisingly, they were the two bourgeoise degenerations 685 01:11:13,148 --> 01:11:15,692 rejected by youngsters to make the revolution. 686 01:11:15,984 --> 01:11:18,779 Not to end up on drugs and not to be gay. 687 01:11:22,491 --> 01:11:30,123 I felt that being gay wasn't something I could choose; 688 01:11:30,123 --> 01:11:36,547 I couldn't have chosen to like women instead of men. 689 01:11:36,547 --> 01:11:41,301 Then I realised I was wrong, so I discussed it with my political organisation. 690 01:11:41,677 --> 01:11:46,640 I was sent to therapy to be converted to a normal person. 691 01:11:49,643 --> 01:11:55,315 'We aren't fags, we aren't junkies, we are FAR soldiers and Montoneros'. 692 01:11:55,691 --> 01:11:58,652 That killed us. 693 01:11:59,194 --> 01:12:09,454 Those words spoken by people with whom we'd tried to be comrades-in-struggle, 694 01:12:10,247 --> 01:12:11,248 left us feeling isolated. 695 01:12:11,248 --> 01:12:12,958 Left us out completely. 696 01:12:12,958 --> 01:12:16,545 It slammed shut our fantasy of having a political involvement 697 01:12:16,545 --> 01:12:18,881 within the current wave. 698 01:12:19,423 --> 01:12:23,135 That's when the FLH shut down. 699 01:12:23,135 --> 01:12:24,678 There was no other choice. 700 01:12:28,098 --> 01:12:33,061 The government's tolerance towards right-wing para-police groups' 701 01:12:33,687 --> 01:12:36,857 operations strengthens after the death of Juan Perón 702 01:12:36,857 --> 01:12:43,113 and the takeover of his wife Isabel, surrounded by a fascist entourage. 703 01:12:45,282 --> 01:12:49,036 Left-wing activists were killed daily. 704 01:12:50,579 --> 01:12:55,417 The fascist magazine El Caudillo, 705 01:12:55,417 --> 01:12:59,796 reported the authorities' calls to terminate gays and suggested lynching them, 706 01:13:00,547 --> 01:13:05,302 in an open reference to the Homosexual Liberation Front. 707 01:13:07,137 --> 01:13:11,016 For the first time the threat becomes a death threat. 708 01:13:11,975 --> 01:13:15,938 For this reason, the Homosexual Liberation Front goes underground 709 01:13:15,938 --> 01:13:22,444 because they believe they could be victims of the extermination plan. 710 01:13:24,112 --> 01:13:30,410 At that time, a group of FLH activists step down 711 01:13:30,410 --> 01:13:33,872 and propose the dissolution of the organisation. 712 01:13:34,122 --> 01:13:36,792 Panic starts to spread. 713 01:13:38,961 --> 01:13:42,965 Fascism has declared war on us. 714 01:13:42,965 --> 01:13:44,132 *Homosexual Liberation Front* It poses the absolute annihilation of Argentine gays. 715 01:13:44,174 --> 01:13:50,097 *Homosexual Liberation Front* It poses the absolute annihilation of Argentine gays. 716 01:13:50,180 --> 01:13:58,647 Can gays pretend nothing is going on? 717 01:13:59,606 --> 01:14:09,449 And allow ourselves to be taken peacefully away from our homes and killed like animals? 718 01:14:10,659 --> 01:14:19,543 The Argentina Homosexual Liberation Front's answer is NO. 719 01:14:20,085 --> 01:14:29,136 Only if we're united and use our personal fears for the benefit of all 720 01:14:29,136 --> 01:14:38,520 will we manage to defeat the enemy and regain the human dignity being denied to us. 721 01:14:38,562 --> 01:14:52,284 Only gay love and union can stop the fascist death machine. 722 01:14:53,285 --> 01:14:59,708 Let's form control, organisation and propaganda groups. 723 01:15:00,417 --> 01:15:09,551 Let's spray the FLH acronym on every wall in the country. 724 01:15:10,052 --> 01:15:19,311 Those words and that bravery they are heroes to me. 725 01:15:19,394 --> 01:15:21,939 Absolute heroes. 726 01:15:22,689 --> 01:15:26,735 Daniel joins the People Revolutionary Army (ERP), a Marxist guerrilla organisation. 727 01:15:27,236 --> 01:15:31,031 He's jailed in 1974. 728 01:15:31,323 --> 01:15:38,664 I was kicked and beaten up on my way into the barracks. 729 01:15:39,456 --> 01:15:40,999 I was hurled against the wall, 730 01:15:41,041 --> 01:15:43,085 five guys were beating me up simultaneously 731 01:15:43,126 --> 01:15:46,880 with boots, with weapons, with sticks, with everything. 732 01:15:47,256 --> 01:15:48,090 I reached the cell in a mess, 733 01:15:48,090 --> 01:15:52,386 but they kept torturing and beating me up. 734 01:15:52,469 --> 01:15:56,515 I was forced to remain awake for 10 days, which was the worst of all tortures. 735 01:15:56,598 --> 01:15:59,017 Three mock executions by shooting. 736 01:16:02,187 --> 01:16:10,487 I survived because I had been jailed by the army, as opposed to Isabel Perón's Administration. 737 01:16:13,657 --> 01:16:18,495 I was tortured in the most horrendous way for a month. 738 01:16:18,954 --> 01:16:25,210 I was still alive, so I was taken to Magadalena Military Prison 739 01:16:25,377 --> 01:16:32,217 and kept in solitary confinement, unable to see anyone, isolated. 740 01:16:33,177 --> 01:16:36,555 The next decade of my life, from my 20s to 30s, 741 01:16:36,555 --> 01:16:38,223 I would be in jail. 742 01:16:38,223 --> 01:16:42,853 It was brutal. Ten years felt like an eternity. 743 01:16:45,105 --> 01:16:47,691 You weren’t permitted to speak with anyone, 744 01:16:47,691 --> 01:16:49,568 you weren’t permitted to see the sunshine, 745 01:16:49,568 --> 01:16:52,863 you were punished for no reason and you had no visitors. 746 01:16:53,155 --> 01:16:54,823 You had nothing, 747 01:16:55,282 --> 01:16:59,286 it was just you with your body in an enclosed space with nothing else. 748 01:16:59,328 --> 01:17:03,582 If you wanted to use the toilet, you had to shout for four hours 749 01:17:03,582 --> 01:17:06,168 until you were taken there. 750 01:17:06,460 --> 01:17:09,004 Ten years of your life. 751 01:17:09,421 --> 01:17:16,094 All you could do was try to survive, not give up. 752 01:17:16,178 --> 01:17:20,140 I instantly resorted to humour. I laughed at myself. 753 01:17:23,519 --> 01:17:28,607 In 1975, during the famous strike in Villa Constitución, 754 01:17:28,899 --> 01:17:37,282 we as the PST, a political party, launched a solidarity campaign and a strike. 755 01:17:37,950 --> 01:17:40,786 That's when we were arrested and kidnapped. 756 01:17:41,286 --> 01:17:42,955 We were a group of seven comrades. 757 01:17:42,955 --> 01:17:46,124 We were robbed of everything. 758 01:17:46,625 --> 01:17:55,133 We were taken to a base and tortured. 759 01:17:57,052 --> 01:18:11,608 What saved us was the fact that we didn’t look like guerrilla members. 760 01:18:14,695 --> 01:18:21,034 That September, eight comrades were killed in the La Plata massacre. 761 01:18:25,539 --> 01:18:28,667 We were brave and carefree. 762 01:18:29,042 --> 01:18:33,589 Merely handing out leaflets could lead to being beaten up or disappeared. 763 01:18:34,631 --> 01:18:38,051 It was daily life, 764 01:18:38,427 --> 01:18:43,849 you were aware you were living on the edge 765 01:18:43,849 --> 01:18:49,688 and your only concern was how to hide any important data. 766 01:18:50,772 --> 01:18:54,943 During the kidnapping, mock executions by shooting were performed. 767 01:18:54,985 --> 01:19:00,157 At this point in my life I'm horrified to say 768 01:19:00,157 --> 01:19:04,495 that I don't remember being distressed about it. 769 01:19:09,625 --> 01:19:16,340 The Videla military dictatorship unleashed a systematic pursuit of every gay person. 770 01:19:16,381 --> 01:19:24,014 This prevented all forms of organisation and forced us to focus on surviving. 771 01:19:27,559 --> 01:19:31,605 The same day of the Coup D’etat I happened to pop by the Mail Office 772 01:19:31,605 --> 01:19:34,441 to pick up a letter from my mother. 773 01:19:34,525 --> 01:19:38,779 She told me the police had been in my hometown, 774 01:19:38,779 --> 01:19:45,661 broken into her house, and had taken her to the station. 775 01:19:45,661 --> 01:19:50,332 My mum was a school principal, it was a complete scandal. 776 01:19:50,582 --> 01:19:59,007 To force my mum to give them my address, 777 01:19:59,007 --> 01:20:07,724 my 12-year-old brother was given a mock execution by shooting squad. 778 01:20:09,601 --> 01:20:15,232 So I had to leave my home in Berazategui. 779 01:20:18,193 --> 01:20:22,781 We gays didn't know what would happen to us if arrested, 780 01:20:22,823 --> 01:20:27,786 either we could be taken to the station or end up being shot. 781 01:20:30,789 --> 01:20:36,170 Due to the general atmosphere and the fear, 782 01:20:36,545 --> 01:20:41,508 gays were confined to private places. 783 01:20:43,260 --> 01:20:47,097 In such a deadly atmosphere, 784 01:20:47,473 --> 01:20:52,978 we gays needed to keep on fucking, 785 01:20:52,978 --> 01:20:58,317 so we sought places we could go. 786 01:20:59,276 --> 01:21:04,531 I think continuing to have sex was a way to fight against this deadly order. 787 01:21:04,531 --> 01:21:09,703 That's why we continued looking for places away 788 01:21:09,703 --> 01:21:13,707 from surveillance and morality brigades. 789 01:21:13,999 --> 01:21:16,627 That's how we found public toilets. 790 01:21:16,627 --> 01:21:22,007 We called the sexually-active public toilets Tea Rooms. 791 01:21:22,466 --> 01:21:27,554 Hidden camera of Ohio Police (1962). 792 01:21:28,055 --> 01:21:31,517 Utilised to condemn gays. 793 01:21:31,558 --> 01:21:37,272 It turned out to be an excellent meeting spot for an initial sexual encounter, 794 01:21:37,272 --> 01:21:45,364 to meet people or simply for satisfaction. 795 01:21:46,323 --> 01:21:50,410 Especially the public toilets in train stations 796 01:21:50,452 --> 01:21:55,541 where there were many passers-by. 797 01:22:04,007 --> 01:22:12,766 It was like a theatre piece were each person had a role. 798 01:22:12,808 --> 01:22:17,646 There was the morality policeman, the crazy young queen, 799 01:22:17,646 --> 01:22:19,523 the fat queen, the ugly queen. 800 01:22:20,440 --> 01:22:24,444 Everyone moved as if they were on a chessboard 801 01:22:24,444 --> 01:22:28,866 with positions constantly changing. 802 01:22:29,366 --> 01:22:32,911 During dictatorship years, 803 01:22:32,995 --> 01:22:40,961 Tea Rooms were regarded as sordid or free places that had ceased to exist. 804 01:22:40,961 --> 01:22:43,130 Brotherhood places. 805 01:22:43,881 --> 01:22:51,138 Teenagers desperate to have their first sexual experience went there, 806 01:22:51,138 --> 01:22:53,724 and so did I. 807 01:22:53,724 --> 01:22:56,560 I was at secondary school and I remember seeing 808 01:22:56,560 --> 01:23:01,190 some kind of activity at Belgrano R train station. 809 01:23:01,190 --> 01:23:03,442 I used to peep. 810 01:23:03,442 --> 01:23:08,780 I realised I could go there for sexual satisfaction. 811 01:23:08,989 --> 01:23:14,453 You are really horny in your teenage years 812 01:23:15,746 --> 01:23:21,043 and you don't know what to do. 813 01:23:21,251 --> 01:23:25,672 You’re gay and you think you’re the only one on Earth. 814 01:23:26,381 --> 01:23:33,430 Picking up on the street was dangerous from the activist point of view, 815 01:23:34,389 --> 01:23:38,811 since many gays had disappeared. 816 01:23:38,852 --> 01:23:44,983 Sexually attractive men were used as kings to seduce gays on the streets 817 01:23:44,983 --> 01:23:47,611 and then kill them 818 01:23:47,903 --> 01:23:52,282 There were no social networks nor gay clubs. 819 01:23:52,282 --> 01:23:54,618 We relied on the vibe, 820 01:23:54,618 --> 01:24:00,082 on our female intuition through sightings and codes.. 821 01:24:01,875 --> 01:24:08,590 You couldn’t just simply approach someone, you had to take a long detour. 822 01:24:08,715 --> 01:24:11,176 So going after someone or being pursued 823 01:24:11,176 --> 01:24:15,430 was dangerous due to plainclothes police officers. 824 01:24:17,766 --> 01:24:20,978 There were other public places. 825 01:24:20,978 --> 01:24:28,861 Some cinemas recreated a sex atmosphere, a place for making out. 826 01:24:29,945 --> 01:24:31,864 Isabel Sarli movies were shown, 827 01:24:31,864 --> 01:24:36,410 aimed at a lonely and horny male audience. 828 01:24:38,120 --> 01:24:42,875 So queens would approach straight men. 829 01:24:45,043 --> 01:24:48,130 The gay looking for the king. 830 01:24:48,130 --> 01:24:51,675 There was a quest for the opposite. 831 01:24:52,968 --> 01:24:59,558 It was a time when gays hadn't seized equality, 832 01:24:59,558 --> 01:25:04,563 there weren't fully gay couples, 833 01:25:05,731 --> 01:25:07,524 with gay domestication 834 01:25:07,524 --> 01:25:11,987 and assimilation into liberal societies and democracies. 835 01:25:18,702 --> 01:25:24,500 When writing about his life in the pre-Castro Cuba, Reinaldo Arenas says 836 01:25:24,500 --> 01:25:31,715 that he didn't fuck with peers, i.e. gays, but he would fuck the father of a family. 837 01:25:32,549 --> 01:25:40,682 It was always a quest for a mystery, a chance, a thing that was decoded. 838 01:25:40,682 --> 01:25:42,518 It wasn't predicted nor foreseen. 839 01:25:45,938 --> 01:25:52,778 At that time, during dictatorship years, our badge was wearing tits. 840 01:25:53,028 --> 01:25:55,614 Taking to the streets in dictatorship years . 841 01:25:55,614 --> 01:25:58,158 with inflatable tits 842 01:25:58,200 --> 01:26:03,247 You had to have the balls to do that! 843 01:26:03,872 --> 01:26:06,083 It was about surviving at that time. 844 01:26:06,083 --> 01:26:08,293 Because many transvestites were found dead 845 01:26:08,293 --> 01:26:12,422 and we didn't know how that happened. 846 01:26:12,923 --> 01:26:16,677 Valeria Del Mar was kidnapped in a clandestine jail, 847 01:26:16,677 --> 01:26:20,556 to be raped by policemen. 848 01:26:20,806 --> 01:26:23,475 We were pushed out of the car. 849 01:26:23,559 --> 01:26:26,311 There was a fat police officer at a desk who said: 850 01:26:26,311 --> 01:26:29,523 'You brought the two bunnies we'd asked for'. 851 01:26:29,523 --> 01:26:32,651 My friend Romina and I looked at each other 852 01:26:32,651 --> 01:26:35,154 because we were only 20 years old. 853 01:26:38,157 --> 01:26:41,785 We were taken to the back cells on the 2nd floor. 854 01:26:42,244 --> 01:26:46,582 Valeria Del Mar was the only witness to report the robbery of a baby 855 01:26:46,665 --> 01:26:50,460 who was given birth to by an arrested-disappeared in the dictatorship jail. 856 01:26:50,752 --> 01:26:58,177 I was having a shower when I heard a woman shouting 857 01:26:58,677 --> 01:27:05,517 ‘Bring a towel. The baby is coming’. 858 01:27:05,517 --> 01:27:12,274 I felt the birth, a baby was crying. 859 01:27:13,984 --> 01:27:17,571 After the labour, a police officer said, 860 01:27:17,571 --> 01:27:25,913 'Fill up this bucket and clean up your crap.' 861 01:27:26,830 --> 01:27:36,381 And I saw a pale, dirty, bloodied woman. 862 01:27:37,382 --> 01:27:42,638 I told her I'd help her fill the bucket. 863 01:27:42,679 --> 01:27:46,725 The policewoman overheard me, came in, looked around 864 01:27:46,725 --> 01:27:48,185 and said to the other officer: 865 01:27:48,185 --> 01:27:52,314 'What is this fag doing here? Why didn't you tell me?' 866 01:27:52,898 --> 01:27:55,359 The officer grabbed me by my hair, and pushed me shouting 867 01:27:55,359 --> 01:27:57,861 'What are you doing here, you bloody faggot!' 868 01:27:58,487 --> 01:28:12,918 I slipped on the girl's blood and was dragged back to the cell, 869 01:28:13,335 --> 01:28:18,799 where I was dumped on the ground. I was dirty. 870 01:28:18,799 --> 01:28:20,217 As I was being dragged, 871 01:28:20,217 --> 01:28:23,887 I could see the other officer holding a baby. 872 01:28:23,887 --> 01:28:30,936 The girl was there and I spent the whole day naked in the cell. 873 01:28:31,395 --> 01:28:37,067 Valeria Del Mar survived. She was the only transvestite in a trial against the dictatorship. 874 01:28:37,067 --> 01:28:39,736 The mother of the stolen baby remains disappeared. 875 01:28:39,987 --> 01:28:44,867 Democracy returns in 1983, 876 01:28:44,867 --> 01:28:48,036 political prisoners are released. 877 01:28:48,287 --> 01:28:51,832 When I was released I felt like a baby thrown onto the streets. 878 01:28:51,957 --> 01:28:56,086 We were given back the clothes we had worn when jailed 879 01:28:56,128 --> 01:28:57,713 ten years before. 880 01:28:58,755 --> 01:29:02,384 Old trainers, bell-bottom trousers, 881 01:29:02,468 --> 01:29:05,095 which were the only ones I had for six weeks after my release, 882 01:29:05,095 --> 01:29:08,932 and a t-shirt that still fits me ten years later. 883 01:29:09,266 --> 01:29:10,976 I put those ridiculous clothes on 884 01:29:10,976 --> 01:29:16,064 and I looked like I was dressed up for a Village People party. 885 01:29:16,231 --> 01:29:20,360 Also, the t-shirt was completely psychedelic. 886 01:29:21,778 --> 01:29:26,366 When people saw me in the street, they did like this… 887 01:29:27,701 --> 01:29:30,746 I had been jailed in a world where everyone wore a suit. 888 01:29:32,706 --> 01:29:33,916 I couldn't get what was going on now. 889 01:29:33,916 --> 01:29:37,002 Men were wearing shorts, sleeveless shirts 890 01:29:37,002 --> 01:29:39,296 and they greeted everyone with a kiss. 891 01:29:41,298 --> 01:29:44,301 The world has turned gay, I thought. 892 01:29:46,178 --> 01:29:49,306 Shirtless guys in parks sunbathing. 893 01:29:49,306 --> 01:29:50,933 Today all these things seem normal to us, 894 01:29:50,933 --> 01:29:52,518 but back in 1983, 895 01:29:52,518 --> 01:29:56,396 someone who had been in a cellar for 10 years couldn’t believe his eyes. 896 01:29:57,981 --> 01:30:01,485 San Francisco, 1977. Harvey Milk is 897 01:30:01,485 --> 01:30:06,323 the first gay activist elected official. 898 01:30:06,740 --> 01:30:09,785 The world regime started to change, 899 01:30:09,785 --> 01:30:14,540 from the old suffering gay to another gay regime. 900 01:30:14,540 --> 01:30:24,091 Though still not visible, a new time of media exposure had begun. 901 01:30:26,135 --> 01:30:29,346 November 27, 1978 Harvey Milk is assassinated 902 01:30:29,346 --> 01:30:33,392 by Dan White, his homophobic political rival 903 01:30:38,397 --> 01:30:43,360 When democracy started, the police apparatus remained unchanged. 904 01:30:43,527 --> 01:30:46,071 It was still unpunished. 905 01:30:46,780 --> 01:30:49,658 The police were the same as in the dictatorship years. 906 01:30:49,658 --> 01:30:52,327 The morality brigade was still working 907 01:30:52,327 --> 01:30:57,791 and there was a specific interest in the pursuit of the gay community. 908 01:30:57,916 --> 01:31:01,712 To stop police abuse, Carlos Jáuregui 909 01:31:01,712 --> 01:31:05,090 creates the Argentine Gay Community (CHA). 910 01:31:05,507 --> 01:31:13,724 In 1984, the National Commission for the Disappearance of People (CONADEP), 911 01:31:13,724 --> 01:31:16,018 documented and published 912 01:31:16,018 --> 01:31:21,815 the crimes in the dictatorship years in the book Nunca Más. 913 01:31:22,107 --> 01:31:27,154 The President of the Argentine Gay Community, 914 01:31:27,154 --> 01:31:29,531 Carlos Jáuregui, 915 01:31:29,531 --> 01:31:35,037 explained many years later that the rabbi, Marshall Meyer, 916 01:31:35,037 --> 01:31:38,081 one of the heads of CONADEP, 917 01:31:38,081 --> 01:31:46,298 confirmed the existence of a record of 400 gay prisoners, 918 01:31:46,298 --> 01:31:50,010 who were tortured, raped and disappeared 919 01:31:50,010 --> 01:31:54,014 due to their sexual identity, during the dictatorship. 920 01:31:54,014 --> 01:32:05,025 we were treated sadistically and violently the disappeared Jewish prisoners. 921 01:32:05,192 --> 01:32:08,362 The rabbi also said these cases weren't included 922 01:32:08,362 --> 01:32:10,739 in the Nunca Más book, 923 01:32:10,739 --> 01:32:13,826 due to pressure from the Catholic Church. 924 01:32:15,452 --> 01:32:19,498 Carlos Jáuregui, the first president of the Argentine Gay Community, 925 01:32:20,791 --> 01:32:26,630 states that the media must also be central to our cause. 926 01:32:26,672 --> 01:32:29,925 Risks Of Being Gay In Argentina 927 01:32:30,467 --> 01:32:35,305 We will be educating through the media. 928 01:32:35,639 --> 01:32:39,434 Regarding a minority as dangerous is the same approach 929 01:32:39,601 --> 01:32:45,274 to the laws proposed in Nazi Germany in 1936. 930 01:32:45,649 --> 01:32:51,196 Little by little society will get used to the images and the voice. 931 01:32:51,405 --> 01:32:58,412 That's the way to remove the terror that surrounds us. 932 01:33:02,875 --> 01:33:05,627 The idea was the visible gay, 933 01:33:06,378 --> 01:33:10,424 the gay who could step out from the dark, from the catacombs, 934 01:33:10,424 --> 01:33:13,594 make a place for himself - and change from the gay 935 01:33:13,594 --> 01:33:18,682 who suffers due to his isolation into a gay who lives normally. 936 01:33:34,281 --> 01:33:39,495 Rock Hudson laid the HIV issue on the table worldwide. 937 01:33:44,958 --> 01:33:49,588 I began to panic because I had already started living with my sexuality 938 01:33:49,588 --> 01:33:54,635 by the time Rock Hudson came out of the closet 939 01:33:54,635 --> 01:33:58,847 in Hollywood to say he had the gay plague. 940 01:33:59,181 --> 01:34:10,484 By 1985 the first echoes were coming from the USA and Europe. 941 01:34:11,443 --> 01:34:15,572 The issue hadn't appeared in Argentina yet. 942 01:34:15,823 --> 01:34:23,664 Two years later, in 1987, the first HIV tests were carried out 943 01:34:23,789 --> 01:34:26,792 in the Argentina Gay Community. 944 01:34:28,877 --> 01:34:36,760 From then on, we began living a time of great dread and discrimination. 945 01:34:38,387 --> 01:34:43,934 Houses where someone with HIV had lived in were burnt down. 946 01:34:44,309 --> 01:34:47,020 We used to live in terror because 947 01:34:47,020 --> 01:34:53,485 it was considered a death sentence. 948 01:34:55,654 --> 01:34:59,825 A form of termination through the bodies. 949 01:35:01,869 --> 01:35:06,874 HIV epidemy is a hole in a generation, 950 01:35:06,874 --> 01:35:13,380 and the gay struggle was a huge backward step. 951 01:35:13,380 --> 01:35:16,341 Many things had been achieved, 952 01:35:16,341 --> 01:35:29,521 but overnight we turned into the representatives of a world epidemic. 953 01:35:29,521 --> 01:35:33,108 The pandemic that was immediately regarded as the gay plague. 954 01:35:34,318 --> 01:35:37,905 Another casualty of the gay plague in Argentina 955 01:35:39,364 --> 01:35:43,410 Discrimination at first was brutal. 956 01:35:46,079 --> 01:35:52,836 It had hurt. I’d felt humiliation and an overwhelming grief 957 01:35:53,170 --> 01:35:59,009 when I heard my friend’s brother, who’s a doctor, saying ‘Let them die alone.’ 958 01:36:03,305 --> 01:36:09,478 My friends began to die too. 959 01:36:09,478 --> 01:36:11,480 One funeral after the other. 960 01:36:13,524 --> 01:36:23,826 The whole support system stemmed from the organised gay groups. 961 01:36:23,826 --> 01:36:26,787 Argentina included. 962 01:36:27,162 --> 01:36:33,836 The Argentine Gay Community (CHA) was first to start work on it. 963 01:36:34,253 --> 01:36:39,424 The first Spanish leaflet I remember, 964 01:36:39,424 --> 01:36:43,679 explaining how to put on a condom, was published by the CHA. 965 01:36:46,598 --> 01:36:52,563 We created a foundation called HIV Alternative Vision. 966 01:36:54,398 --> 01:37:00,362 The first thing we did with donations 967 01:37:00,362 --> 01:37:07,244 was to remodel Room 17 from Muñiz Hospital, 968 01:37:07,244 --> 01:37:12,875 which is where at that time all the HIV-infected patients were taken. 969 01:37:16,670 --> 01:37:23,218 In the main San Francisco paper, The San Francisco Chronicle, 970 01:37:23,218 --> 01:37:27,681 there was a front page article saying 971 01:37:28,348 --> 01:37:33,770 "Those who have been rejected... 972 01:37:39,902 --> 01:37:45,491 ...by the way they love... 973 01:37:50,496 --> 01:37:56,543 ...were showing the world the true meaning of love." 974 01:37:56,877 --> 01:38:01,673 That was in relation to all the social work and service 975 01:38:01,673 --> 01:38:08,680 given to the community by the gay organisations. 976 01:38:08,722 --> 01:38:10,557 Here it was the same. 977 01:38:10,599 --> 01:38:14,436 The CHA was the first one to act. 978 01:38:14,937 --> 01:38:22,694 Our work was based on making people feel fine with themselves. 979 01:38:23,237 --> 01:38:27,825 By doing so, their body would react better, 980 01:38:27,825 --> 01:38:31,036 the immune system would be stronger. 981 01:38:32,246 --> 01:38:42,756 The key was the preliminary work so the disease wouldn't explode. 982 01:38:43,966 --> 01:38:48,804 The HIV virus takes the life of Carlos Jáuregui in 1996. 983 01:38:51,348 --> 01:38:57,646 In 1992, Nestor Perlongher had died of HIV, a model of the Homosexual Liberation Front. 984 01:39:01,775 --> 01:39:06,196 Every Thursday, the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo march. 985 01:39:12,536 --> 01:39:19,084 The FLH survivors were contacted by them. 986 01:39:19,501 --> 01:39:25,883 We marched with the Mothers in Plaza de Mayo 987 01:39:25,883 --> 01:39:34,308 and we finally arrived at the same place 988 01:39:34,516 --> 01:39:38,687 we had been 40 years earlier. 989 01:39:41,148 --> 01:39:45,736 We walked in their footsteps. 990 01:40:14,640 --> 01:40:19,269 One last pep talk: We don't want to be persecuted, 991 01:40:22,356 --> 01:40:24,107 nor caught, 992 01:40:26,360 --> 01:40:28,445 nor discriminated, 993 01:40:29,238 --> 01:40:31,657 nor killed, 994 01:40:31,949 --> 01:40:33,116 nor cured, 995 01:40:33,784 --> 01:40:35,786 nor analysed, 996 01:40:36,119 --> 01:40:37,955 nor explained, 997 01:40:38,705 --> 01:40:42,000 nor tolerated, nor understood. 998 01:40:43,377 --> 01:40:47,047 We just want to be acknowledged. 999 01:42:04,333 --> 01:42:08,837 In 2010 same-sex marriage bill is passed in Argentina. 1000 01:42:08,837 --> 01:42:11,632 It was the first Latin American country to do so. 1001 01:42:11,632 --> 01:42:15,803 In 2012, was recognises the right to have 1002 01:42:15,803 --> 01:42:18,889 a self-perceived sexual identity in the national ID. 1003 01:42:18,889 --> 01:42:21,850 Currently, millions of women fight against 1004 01:42:21,850 --> 01:42:25,437 chauvinist violence, gender equality and legal abortion. 1005 01:43:40,053 --> 01:43:45,017 Translated by Cesar E. Pretelli & edited by Gay Hollister caesartranslations@gmail.com 90855

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