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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:05,520 Arrays can store many values at once, but a variable does not store the array, it stores a reference 2 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:06,540 that points to it. 3 00:00:07,020 --> 00:00:11,610 This can introduce a lot of bugs, so it helps to visualize the runtime using breakpoints. 4 00:00:12,660 --> 00:00:15,630 In this lesson, you're going to learn to debuggers using breakpoints. 5 00:00:17,730 --> 00:00:21,750 All right, at this point in the course, you're well aware of the reference trap, but it would be 6 00:00:21,750 --> 00:00:24,270 nice to visualize the reference dropped during runtime. 7 00:00:24,780 --> 00:00:26,160 So open this file. 8 00:00:27,470 --> 00:00:29,690 Place breakpoints next to each line of code. 9 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:44,290 And you know what, I'm actually going to remove the breakpoints from functions and Lupe's. 10 00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:48,670 All right, then launched the debugger. 11 00:00:56,900 --> 00:01:01,730 The verbal greeting stories I reference that points to an array with two string values. 12 00:01:08,190 --> 00:01:13,020 And by setting farewell equal to greeting farewell copies, that same reference. 13 00:01:16,820 --> 00:01:20,630 Farewell and greeting cherie reference that points to the same array. 14 00:01:24,140 --> 00:01:27,380 And so updating the array through farewell effects, greeting. 15 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:34,980 And now it's really nice that you can finally see the reference drop in real time, and this is why 16 00:01:34,980 --> 00:01:41,160 I love this code anyways, this is considered a bug because the application doesn't behave like we expect 17 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:45,770 it to, because if we keep stepping into the runtime, that's exactly what happens. 18 00:01:53,590 --> 00:01:57,460 And the solution, obviously, is to farewell equal to a copy of the Iraq. 19 00:02:14,860 --> 00:02:16,330 Launch another debugging session. 20 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:27,750 The verbal greeting saw as a reference that points to an array with two string values. 21 00:02:31,310 --> 00:02:37,250 Farewell was a reference that points to a copy of the original array, and so both variables are completely 22 00:02:37,250 --> 00:02:38,480 independent of each other. 23 00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:53,560 All right, now, debugging a one dimensional array is easy to erase are a different story. 24 00:02:54,260 --> 00:03:00,410 So open up upper triangular java and the goal is to produce an upper triangular matrix from the two 25 00:03:00,410 --> 00:03:00,890 Deira. 26 00:03:02,060 --> 00:03:06,680 An upper triangular matrix is a two tier with zeros below the main diagonal. 27 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:13,790 If you're on the current code. 28 00:03:19,330 --> 00:03:20,320 It's going to crash. 29 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:26,330 First step is to find out why something is wrong and using breakpoints, we can visualize the runtime 30 00:03:26,330 --> 00:03:27,280 and figure it out. 31 00:03:34,820 --> 00:03:36,760 Then launch a new debugging session. 32 00:03:45,500 --> 00:03:51,980 And woops, it seems that every time the inner loop runs or increasing the outer loop counter, eventually 33 00:03:51,980 --> 00:03:55,190 the outer loop counter exceeds the bounds of the array and crashes the up. 34 00:03:55,400 --> 00:03:58,670 This mistake is so common and it can happen when you're not paying attention. 35 00:03:58,910 --> 00:04:02,270 But seeing that runtime helps us debug the problem and see it right away. 36 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:04,950 All right, we run the code. 37 00:04:11,100 --> 00:04:13,950 The nested loop sets every element to zero, that's not good. 38 00:04:15,270 --> 00:04:19,420 If you look back at the output, only elements below the main diagonal should be zero. 39 00:04:20,190 --> 00:04:23,010 Now it's hard to keep track of two counters at the same time. 40 00:04:23,430 --> 00:04:26,970 And so this makes it hard to predict how we're going to use them to achieve our goal. 41 00:04:27,360 --> 00:04:30,450 But it helps to launch a debugging session to visualize the runtime. 42 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:32,340 Hopefully then we can see a pattern. 43 00:04:36,540 --> 00:04:41,430 And you know what, after visualizing the array without even stepping into the nested loop, the pattern 44 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:41,940 is clear. 45 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:47,430 The elements that need to be zero have a J index lower than the index. 46 00:04:53,700 --> 00:04:55,710 So if Jay is smaller than I. 47 00:05:01,150 --> 00:05:04,240 Then we're going to say matrix age is equal to zero. 48 00:05:15,940 --> 00:05:19,000 All right, launch another debugging session to visualize the runtime. 49 00:05:36,330 --> 00:05:39,660 And therein lies the beauty of visual analysis. 50 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:44,250 It helps to have a clear visual of what's going on instead of just looking at code. 51 00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:53,470 And there's your upper triangular matrix. 52 00:05:56,610 --> 00:06:02,310 In this lesson, you learn to debug using breakpoints now debugging in normal arrays, easy, but the 53 00:06:02,310 --> 00:06:04,740 usage of a tutera implies a nested loop. 54 00:06:04,740 --> 00:06:08,630 And so it's hard to keep track of the counters Ingi and how they're affecting your array. 55 00:06:08,940 --> 00:06:14,580 But when you can visualize the runtime step by step, you can easily see how the state of the tiaro 56 00:06:14,580 --> 00:06:15,560 is going to change. 5763

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