All language subtitles for ver1.AVC1.2160p.idx-4-ver1.AVC1.2160p.idx-4 (2)

And at

$5 a barrel, last water was $10 an hour,
first of all.

But if we take away

the process.

And look at it, when we left the.

Caribbean jetliner,

a gay man

it for.

The over 72 seconds following the liftoff,
the tragic explosion

when Challenger was engulfed in flames.

In Iran, the.

War is a holy crusade,
promoted on television with martial music

and told us, you know, people.

Always ask. Why?

Why did she do it?

And to understand that,
you really need to know who my mother was

and the life she lived.

I know her life is strange
and questionable by many, but.

But I know she was here for a purpose.

For a lot of craziness, produces
a lot of brilliance.

And I think there's something

kind of brilliant

about what Marion Stokes did,

whatever motivated her.

And this material.

Needed to wind up in a situation
where it could be shared.

You expect expected to tighten
as more and more Dole supporters

try to come out of the closet.

Taping these programs for
my mother was a form of activism.

She wanted people to be able
to seek the truth

and check facts.

She thought that everybody needs

to have access to knowledge,
to make good decisions,

to have the real truth.

How useful is it and making life better,
making my life better, and making

other people better.

Now, if it is useful, if it's a useful
correlation, a way of looking at things,

if it if it enhances my freedom
because I can make choices

rather than

be buffeted like a leaf in the wind,
but I can make choices

if it enhances my freedom, then
I don't have to see the physical cause.

Why it works.

I'm sure she came to value
what was coming through the screens

more than the kind of very problematic,
messy stuff that was happening,

you know, in her real life.

I was Mrs.

Stokes, the sheriff in Philadelphia.

She lived in the richest part of the city.

The square itself was surrounded
by expensive apartment buildings.

It was the number one address

to have in Philadelphia.

My dad had a construction company
and we did a lot of work in Berkeley,

and that's how we ran into the Stokes
and they had us do

their renovations,
very mysterious and very private.

Her husband,
John, would come out and talk to me

and I would speak to Marion
through the door.

She would open the door,
maybe an inch, and talk to me.

I would say it was three or four months

before I actually met her.

We were getting close
to finishing their place and they said

they would like me to start
working for them, helping them do things.

Around the. Crown.

I was kind of shocked because, you know,
I never,

I guess
been with someone that had so much stuff.

They had enormous amount of furniture

and archives, magazines, books.

She read about 11 newspapers

a day,
and I don't think she ever threw one out.

When I first got there, Ms..

Oaks didn't really talk to me.

She introduced herself.

She laid down what she wanted,
what she expected of me.

But it was no conversation.

She would have the tapes going on
different TVs throughout the apartment.

So every TV
she couldn't get to so certain TV's.

I would change the tapes.

And Frank also had a TV's in the back
that he was taping from,

so it was a project
for everybody to be doing.

Now, there were some codes of conduct
that were made very clear to me early on,

no talking.

It was like driving Miss Daisy in reverse.

Everything was absolutely ritualized.

We had to make sure
there was no one in the vicinity.

When we went out the front doors,
I wasn't allowed to touch the car.

As far as open any doors.

That was Richard's job.

You know, she was sweet, shiny black car

like film star.

Marion was extraordinarily
he described the play

loyal to her own

preferences and tendencies

and beliefs.

When I met Marion in 1959,
she was a librarian

and I was involved in the Socialist Party.

She seemed

she was quite fast

in political happenings.

The Socialist Party was very unsatisfied.

It was not attractive and doing things.

And we met with communists

and we were considered prized

potential recruits, particularly Marion,

as a black woman, I don't remember

either of us wanting a kid.

It seemed to just happen.

I do have a memory of demonstrations,

one which garnered quite a kind of hostile
response.

There were there were some postcards
sent to my mother saying,

you know, if you don't like it
here, go, go to Cuba.

She was the Philadelphia chairman
for the Fair Play for Cuba Committee,

an organization started
by the Communist Party to raise awareness

about the Cuban Revolution.

At her core, she was motivated by a belief
in human freedom.

She was extremely fearful that America

might replicate a Nazi Germany.

She felt that it was in the best interests

of the survival of our family

to keep that check, you.

What we decided to do was

to take a vacation

in Mexico

and wait there for

Cuban police.

They spent some time in Mexico
trying to get in, didn't get in.

I found a journal entry from my mother
from around that time where she

she was fed up with something
and she said, I'm

going back to the United States
and taking the baby.

So I think there was a lot of tension.

I was somewhat envious
that she was being groomed

as a communist leader.

My mother was fired from her job
as a librarian, and I'm pretty sure

it had to do with her being a communist.

You know,
she was definitely spied on by the FBI.

And we know that she had a file.

And, you know, there are pictures of her
and reports from networks of informants

in that kind of stuff.

She was justified in feeling being watched

for personality reasons.

I think my mother kind of overdid it

and continued to overdo it
until the day of her death.

She had a vision of.

What my role was to be

and when that didn't meet

with her expectations, I was subject

to withering criticism

and one day I said to myself

that I've had

Michael worse for when we separate.

She was she was enormously controlling.

She made it very difficult on my father
when he would come to visit.

So I saw him less and less.

Torn my heart.

Torn my heart.

Was long starved.

857 84.2 We are responding to desperate
distress calls from.

An unknown man.

Mother was a huge fan of the original Star
Trek series to.

Account for this as he reported,
no signs of.

Life on the themes that she really liked
were that the Earth

had actually sort of its problems out
there was the United Federation of Planets

that there was this kind of multiracial,
multinational crew

that worked very well together,
that the mission of this incredibly

well-armed ship was exploration,
not warfare.

You know, it was basically kind
of televised socialism.

And she loved that whole thing.

The first Betamax recorder I remember was
in late 75, and that was the first one.

It was used sparingly.

She didn't start recording
the news immediately.

She like situation comedies.

Where are. You going?

Well, my goal was,
can I go going over here and sit down.

But do what I usually do.

Look at TV.

Why would you look at TV Wednesday?

Why can.

Science documentaries.

Lizards have.

These kind of high impact events?

First,
it gathers information, intelligence.

There's a second kind of thing that
the CIA does, and that's to take secret

action to change
what goes on in another country.

This could involve giving money
to help a candidate win an election,

might involve aiding

in the overthrow of a government,
which we think is a threat to us.

It could even mean arranging
or trying to arrange

an assassination,
as in the case of Fidel Castro.

Your newspapers, radio, television, motion
pictures are under state control.

No dissent or opposition is allowed
in the public media.

One of Lenin's principles
was that the method and the tenor

through which you take your daily
news colors your view of the world.

Material things

do influence our emotions,
that we do react

in an emotional way
to various symbols, colors and so on.

And some of these things are chosen.

They've decided by somebody.

Now, it seems to me that.

You have became aware of the power of
television to inform or misinform people.

When she started working on
a television program in the late 1960s,

it was called Input.

It was a current affairs
discussion program

by the local CBS
affiliate in Philadelphia.

They would assemble experts on a topic

eugenics, Native American rights,

race relations, prisoners rights

with perspectives
all around the situations

and have it very publicly available

so that people would be able
to form their own opinions and.

Be completely erotic.

Walking down death row,

I sang for three men
destined for the chair.

Marian How do you view this?

The last nine programs,
as we've sought to make this an open

community type of TV presentation?

Well, I find
some people are certainly grappling with

and not quite understanding how it is
that we managed to get these people

together in the first place to talk

and not understanding the concept
of an open community of trust,

which is big enough
and open enough to include

all the points of view expressed
within a context of respect.

I've been invited to openness
by those who really are saying by that

I want to open you so that you'll be able
to see that I'm right and you're wrong.

And most people feel
that their viewpoint is being heard,

but they find themselves unable
to accept the open expression

of the other viewpoint.

The power of mass media
to affect public opinion

was something
that she became very conscious of,

and she was aware of how the raw story
gets filtered by the predilections

of the people who are producing it.

I think there should definitely
be controls of other kinds

as well, of material
means of manipulating mind and emotion.

And I think

there's so many examples in daily life
that people simply don't recognize.

From ABC in New York.

This is World News Tonight.

Some days when Sam Donaldson.

Good evening.

The U.S.

embassy in Tehran has been invaded
and occupied by Iranian students.

The Americans inside
have been taken prisoner

and according to a student
spokesman, will be held as hostages

until the deposed shah
has returned from the United States,

where he's receiving medical treatment
for cancer.

While the Iranians burned an American flag
in front of the embassy,

they said the takeover had the express
blessing of the Ayatollah Khomeini.

My mother was very suspicious
of the official stories

about the Iranian hostage crisis,

and she became obsessed
with the media coverage.

She felt that important information
was being lost

as the story evolved.

So she kept taping.

Some 60 Americans,

including our fellow citizens
whom you just saw bound and blindfolded.

Are now beginning their sixth day of
captivity inside the US embassy in Tehran.

Officials will continue their search
for some way to negotiate

the hostages freedom.

The story changed

a lot of the the early reports indicated
that there were, for example,

CIA personnel among the hostages
and then suddenly there weren't.

All of them.

I think that all of them are.

But all of the hostages.

You know, obviously,

if you were running
an intelligence agency,

you would be perfectly reasonable
for them to suppress that information.

But my mother was very conscious of that.

Series of attempts
to negotiate the release.

She was saying,
well, we've got to get this.

Nobody else is going to keep this.

This to restore military balance
with the Soviet Union.

And her goal.

Was trying to reveal a set of agendas
on the part of governments.

Soviet troops have swept into Afghanistan,
dramatically changing

the power game in the Persian Gulf
as much as it would like to.

The United States can no longer encourage
disintegration

of authority
in Iran in order to free the hostages.

Day 59 January 1st, an angry mob of Afghan

and Iranian demonstrators
stormed the Soviet embassy in Tehran.

But this time, Khomeini's
Revolutionary Guards evict the protesters.

That same day, U.N.

Secretary General

Paul Time arrives in Tehran to negotiate
the release of the hostages.

She was kind of watching these positions.

And you've rings public opinion
being molded kind of uniformly anti-Iran.

Before calling for war, people
were calling for all kinds of things.

She felt that there was a lack of sympathy
for the goals of the Iranian revolution.

One analyst says Khomeini
so strongly detests the U.S.

for its support of the Shah,
who was his lifetime enemy, but also

because he considers Americans Satan's
people and leaders of the decadent West.

Outside the United States
embassy in Tehran this morning,

the crowds once again took off their daily
chanting and sign waving,

especially for the television cameras.

And during that crisis,

she hit record and she never stopped.

The Iran crisis.

America held hostage.

America held hostage.

Baird First 15 minutes.

Then for a half hour.

It's actually a kind of successful show

to the point that Nightline was born

before.

Nightline was actually a very.

Transformative program
in the history of American.

Television.
Iranian Health Representatives.

The idea of. A news show at 1130 at night.

Aired essentially in competition
with the evening

talk shows like The Tonight Show.

And then something
kind of amazing happens.

It actually is watched by a lot of people.

Good evening.

Some of the rhetoric coming out of Iran

today was reminiscent
of the early weeks of this crisis.

There was a long running drama

which had the capacity
to change every day, unpredictably.

So it had a beautiful, dramatic structure.

It had lots of unpredictable characters.

Many sub events.

There has been this startling new
development in the Iran hostage crisis.

But U.S.

attempt to launch a military rescue
of the American hostages

in Tehran has been, as you have now heard,
several times aborted.

Eight U.S.
servicemen killed in the process.

And it had this kind of agonizing

pathos of being taken hostage.

Not only were the Americans held
in the embassy in Tehran hostage,

but everybody else
was a hostage to captivity.

The TV was part of
what was taking this hostage.

We have a report from Barbara excuse me.

And I am just told
that the Associated Press reports

that the hostages are leaving the airport.

Now, we can't go

any further than that on that report,
but it comes to us from Associated Press.

I don't know whether it's file.

It must be filed from Tehran.

And they say that the hostages
are leaving the airport.

Imagine that we are within a half
an hour of the transition of power.

I'd like to hear from Ted Koppel
before the president elect comes out.

Ted, can you come in and give us any late
information on the hostages?

Yes, I can.

UPI has just gone with a flash,
which is in effect, the highest,

the most important notification of news
that they can give.

The last time they did
it was with the Kennedy assassination.

It's two words.

It says Hostages freed. They're free.

They're free. Mr.

President, they're free. Mr. President.

We've had press reports that they're free.

We've had press reports.

What do you have to say about that?

What do you have to say?

What they say, I think one of the most

dramatic freedom pictures
that we've all ever seen.

Those are the 52 American hostages
now officially designated

the returning is out of the way.

The Iranian hostage
crisis happened in 1979

and CNN launched in 1980.

So my mother started taping really
at the birth of the 24 hour news cycle.

The news 24 hours every day.

Then she she really
surely went into high gear.

I recall there were times when there were
there were eight recorders going at once.

Those were special occasions.

Normally, there were 3 to 5 tapes
recording.

People would say things like, well,
of course, the station is

going to keep everything.

And of course, we

know now that the stations don't
keep everything.

She understood that this was changing,

the speed of news was increasing,
and that you find news in places

that you wouldn't have found it
in order to fill that space

with new capabilities

for recording
and for tracking that process.

She was watching public opinion
being molded

in this new medium.

I mean,

I don't think it was joyful
to her this taping.

And if the tape wasn't going,
she was not happy.

She couldn't leave the apartment
without having a tape in.

And if we came in and the tape stopped,
she was upset, too, because she didn't

get it all.

The tape is indeed
what happened, you know.

So it was a disaster for the day.

We had to go back to the back
in between things to change the tapes.

She always knew exactly
when one of the tape machines would stop.

That tape to take.

Control.

There's a system with your TV

where you can record stuff,
but she didn't want that.

What she wants.

She was concerned someone else would know
what she was taping.

And she said, I can tape what I want.

And people don't really know
what I'm actually taping.

The pre-dawn retrieval of Elian Gonzalez
came as many had begun

thinking that a voluntary handover
was in the offing.

A moment by moment account on how things
changed from NBC's Pete Williams.

She would often ask the people,

Rittenhouse camera,
to send the tapes and black

trash bags.

I guess she felt insecure in a way

that people were talking about her
behind her back or something.

You know, she would always tell me, Frank,
I don't look like you and you don't

understand what I've been through
and how people judge her.

When she moved into the Berkeley.

She said she had gotten comments
from different residents saying

she didn't belong there.

She was secretive
about the process of recording.

Partly because she was secretive
about everything, but partly

because people kind of viewed it as nutty.

Lucy Coleman and Wish are identical twins
and they're celebrating Wednesday.

They'll be 100 years old.

The odds of twins living a century
are said to be one in 700 million.

This is the greatest thing
this town has ever had.

And it's nine. Ronald Reagan.

But you're very welcome.

That's from the president.

And he told her husband ten years ago
that she wanted to be buried in her

beloved Cadillac.

So after the 62 year old woman died
of cancer on Thursday, she got her wish

after the car was lowered into the vault
by the crane.

The woman's casket
was placed on top of the car.

And they are still trying to reach
little Jessica McClure.

She's 18 months old.

She's been trapped in a narrow pipe

20 feet below ground in Midland, Texas,
for nearly 24 hours now.

The child fell while playing with other
toddlers yesterday morning.

Rescuers are now trying to tunnel
through rock to reach Jessica.

Buford, South Carolina, is a tranquil
sort of place.

How can you be when you love God?

Placid and tranquil
until the preacher's hit the streets?

If you are found without the blood.

Of Jesus Christ, you will be kept alive.

If you are alive, go from here.

She did remark periodically on. How.

Small events from small town America,
but occasionally

make it onto CNN, which would never
have made the national news.

She was

concerned with how that 24 hour news
cycle was being filled.

And what effect that would have.

They send us their cars, their VCR,
and just about everything else.

Their success makes them money,
not necessarily friends.

The Japanese have a big public relations
problem in America

and big problems require big solutions.

Some big.

How's this for big?

Japan's newest export, sumo wrestlers.

The Japanese have just in America several
tons of Sumo's

a goodwill tour
to improve Japan's image in this country

and just possibly
to take our minds off the trade deficit.

Since the first of the year, a new law
allows German citizens free access

to secret files kept on them by the former
East German secret police.

For decades, the police, known as Stasi,
spied on thousands of Germans.

The East German secret police
had an extraordinarily efficient spy

apparatus collecting information
on an estimated 6 million people.

The law not only gives
victims access to their files,

but lets them see the names of those
who fight against them.

Truthfulness will not cushion the pain
as East Germans discover

just who spied on who, including friends,
neighbors and even family.

She was obsessed
with the mediation of media.

You know how media reflects
a society back to itself?

Television exploitation of tearful widows.

Cases of blatant sensationalism in the
manipulation of the press by politicians.

And although accusing the press of looking
bad may seem to be fashionable,

Charles Law
says it doesn't square with the facts.

The polling data that I have seen
and the people I've talked

to around the country show
that those of us who are in it

are far more worried about its credibility
than those who see it or read it.

The public is fairly content with the
journalism it's getting in America today.

I was thinking,
what's the purpose of continually taping?

But I didn't ask her about it.

I think it was for the

betterment of mankind.

They are coming essentially
out of the same background

and have pretty much the same biases
and stereotypes and approaches

to life that you have.

You talk among yourselves
in a technical language,

which is to exclude
the rest of us from being able

to evaluate in terms of reality,
our lives.

You need to

you need to deal with people who are
living a different reality than yours.

And it seemed like
she was always interested in

getting different people together
and having them live together peaceably.

Object John Imagining we're working on
this input TV series together.

And I guess they just bonded.

To have a confrontation, let's say Jewish,
Christian or black, white

or youth adult.

Whichever the cause is,
they to come together as communities

prepared to share
honestly what they don't normally hear.

So that this concept of really
opening yourself

as what I attempting to help develop her.

My father and Marian
were producers on the shows.

I completely believe they

were really fighting for justice
and and freedom

and that they each in their own way
were really committed to that.

Any conceptual prejudice
or any misinformation

which may exist
can be gotten out on the table.

And when it's examined
in this spirit of affirmation,

even an affirmation is only coming,
let's say one way.

The belief is that somehow
this can be deflated and looked at

so that the goodness
begins to bubble through.

That was kind of intrigued by him.

The Little East, you know,
I was this guy from the street corner,

and this is this rich guy
in Chestnut Hill.

I knew they didn't work because he was
always around in the daytime.

So I said, This guy is too rich to work.

John wanted something organized.

It was a real sixties type of thing,
and we would hang out together.

He would pick a topic
and then we would discuss it is

Quest was always,
how are we going to change the structure

to this phoniness, this this role playing,
this not getting through each other's,

creating images for each other
and all this type of thing has got to go.

I was the rabble rouser.

I realized he was trying to do
the same things I was trying to do.

Marion had that same goal.

I respect a person who will deal

with, with, with my ideas
or with the situation.

The reality of the situation.

Not not my credentials
that I use of feminine wiles

or that I say it the right way.

You see, that's
what's wrong with black folks.

We don't say it the right way.

If we just did,
everything would be all right.

And if women would just, you know,
say it politely and make them think

it's their idea and so on,
then there wouldn't be all this trouble.

And why are we now rocking the boat?

I think I think we can't deal with it.

I don't accept that totally in that.

They were talking about process
and my mother said, if I'm in charge,

everybody can be equal,

which is the kind of

thing that you might expect from someone
transitioning out of the Communist Party.

You talked about about faith
in the democratic process.

You know, when people are killed
on the courthouse steps,

you know,
for going up to register to vote.

Now, how can you expect black people
to have faith in the democratic process?

If you want us to have faith
in the democratic process, make it work.

And you. Want to make it. Work.

I'm with you all over the whole yeah.

I make it work.

But when you. Do, you make it work.

You judge. Me out of your. Instinct.

I should keep you out.

Now you have kept me out
of your institutions.

Your institutions.

We are opening the door and.

Saying, Come, let's sit down and talk.

Make the other Johnson want to say, I
don't want to come in and reason together.

You don't want me in there.

See, all the talking is you.

Marion was a very intelligent,
very sharp, very determined person

to get her points across.

And I think John was attracted to that.

I think a lot of it

had to do with them
having very similar ideals.

And my mother
really wasn't into social issues.

She was an artist.

She cared about how things looked,

and she was not a deeply spiritual person
at all.

Unfortunately, I think my mother felt
very accused by him,

and I think that really distressed
my mom a lot.

I'm trying to make a positive
input in society

instead of hanging on to some set of norms
that are prevailing.

What what is the key

to building a type of way of communicating
and working together?

So I think he knew
he thought very differently

about things and wasn't interested in

his social class.

Particularly,

he had strong philosophical convictions.

The awakening of individuals
as to who they are,

what their identity is,
how they define themselves,

whether as a member of a white group
or black

Jewish question, everyone is saying,
I'm trying to find out who I am.

On in.

The working relationship
and eventually the romance between

these people from different backgrounds
really puzzled people.

My impression is that the two of them
never really felt understood

by other people
until they really met each other.

I knew that he had a family.

I remember,
you know, seeing him at our house.

I think I understood something's going on.

You know, as a ten, 11 year old,
I kind of wasn't

welcome.

I'd been through college
and was living back at home.

And I have
I remember coming into the kitchen

and he was almost at the door

with a suitcase.

And I said, How long is this for?

I mean, at this point, I was 17.

How long is this for?

And he said, Well, I'm not really sure.

I was able to get

horoscopes of two people who I knew who,

let's say, were very much in love over
collaborating together very closely.

And I was astounded when these two charts
were superimposed that here were these

very about eight planets were in close

correlation or conjunction.

There's a certain point

where even even I'm going to get it

and I think I got it.

I guess you could call

the pre-marriage honeymoon.

We spent quite a bit of time in London
and then we spent at least a few days

in Paris

as a librarian.

She'd kind of see pictures of all this
stuff and kind of knew a lot about it.

It was just an amazing thing. Oh,

it was a shift.

I understood that we probably weren't
going to have to heat the house with

gas from the stove anymore.

I certainly looked on him,

you know, as a bit of a role model.

They married in New Hope, Pennsylvania.

Two days after I turned 13.

A lot of John's family was there.

That was the first time
I met his children.

I could see how happy
my father was with Marion.

It was pretty overwhelming.

Each of them accepted their personality

quirks,
their intensity and intellect at a level

that neither them,
I think, had really felt before.

Her relationship to

John was one of the most deeply satisfying
things.

In her life.

Over and over

on the machine, pouring

almost all the water and then go, Oh, go.

Look, now is a tape of the yesterday
afternoon shooting

myself to the ground, the president
who was immediately pushed into the car.

I knew that they recorded things
sometimes.

24 hours a day.

But I didn't have any sense of it
being a specific.

Experience you can trust.

This is CBS each evening, Monday
through Friday on CBS.

24 hour feeds where CNN and FOX MSNBC
that I would put in an eight hour tape

to check in.

Marian controlled certain of the VCRs
selectively changing station to station.

She was creating the library at home,

and she often talked
about buying another property

that she could put her whole library in.

Imagine being able to go to a reference source where you can actually see and hear.

The excitement

of what we're while also responding to.

That sense of kind of stewarding
a whole lot of knowledge

and actually being able
to give it to people.

Struck her sort of democratic sensibility
this.

In Afghanistan, increasing

numbers of refugees continue
crossing the border into Pakistan.

The flow of refugees
arrive at the rate of about 400 a day

in camps set up by the Pakistan government
some distance from the border.

The New York City transit workers
strike is into its fourth day.

Yes, despite all kinds of traffic jams,
but it is something

New Yorkers have not allowed the strike
to change their usual

disposition stinks.

Thanks.

Don't bother me.

You want to do something constructive?

Work, work, work.

It's been two years
since the Soviets invaded Afghanistan.

And today
a State Department report said the

Soviets seemed bogged down in a Vietnam
like no win situation.

Terrorist in Lebanon and in this country.

And what,
if anything, can be done about it?

It's an embassy in Kuwait,
a department store in London.

And overall, the fear
that maybe it could happen here.

Ted Turner has announced that his company,
Turner Broadcasting System,

is putting up a half million dollars
to help finance television programs

without regard to national origins
or politics.

Turner's
political beliefs were questioned.

First of all,
I don't think these issues in my opinion,

these are not right or left
or conservative or liberal issues.

These are issues that affect everyone. We

civil rights and women's groups
rallied over the weekend in Pickens

County, Alabama, on behalf of two local
black activists who are likely to be sent

to prison today for voting from 69 year
old Julia Wilder, president of the Pickens

Voters League, and 51 year old Maggie
Bozeman, president of the local ACP.

I would not have been trying to help
people

had they been able to do it for them.

But we have a lot of illiterate
people here that don't understand.

And I had been doing absentee
for them for years

and still go and plan to do it, you know?

What's wrong with the journey
from Log Cabin?

Cabin the White House?

What's wrong with the journey

from peanut clerk to the president
if it is within the law?

The Constitution provides
for 35 years of age, older

and an American citizen,
and you can convince the American

electorate to vote for you.

That is the constitutional provision.

Computer technology
has expanded at an astonishing rate.

It check out your food
and processor and come taxes

like computer music.

Computer art
is just beginning to be explored.

But there are limits.

A computer not have a mind of its own.

A computer does not have a mind of its own

or does not have a right to.

The fact that some very good hands indeed.

For the day

the Macintosh computer was announced
was a really big deal for my mother.

I remember her
like calling me around to the house

to watch the commercial as it was aired.

I went to see it and I want you to see it.

That day.

We celebrate the first glorious
one of the information

before the nation

secure.

From the tests of a few moments in the.

Condition of the world.

This is more powerful than any speech or

his show and sounds.

Like we've been,
you know, really powerful.

We shall.

On January 24th,

Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh
and you'll see why 1984

won't be like 1984.

My mother was a huge fan of technology

as a way of unlocking people's potential.

Now, Wang's new integrated information
system 1/1 is very simple.

It can perform data processing,
word processing.

Since the mid 1970s, she started
collecting Vic 20 years and Commodore 64.

Who knows what the future holds?

And she was looking for a type of computer
that would be easy to use.

And Macintosh is saying,
here is a way to make personal computers

available to the rest of us.

Apple enhanced freedom.

Apple Enhanced People's Creativity.

Apple was her baby.

She had an incredible ability
to recognize shifts

in media and technology,
and she reacted to them.

She became an evangelist for Apple.

She bought
enormous amounts of their technology.

The first thing she did give me
was an Apple computer.

She was very interested in us using it
and then coming back

and telling her what we learned
or what she could learn from it.

She had multiple versions
of every Apple product ever released.

All told, Apple Computer
says it expects profit margins of 20%

or better in the coming quarters.

She really urged the family trust
to invest in Apple early on.

I think her first purchases were

at about $7 a share

and she says they hold Apple
stock in an unwieldy,

large, discrete holding
and it went up significantly.

And. It
definitely increased with the family

wealth and her personal wealth.

Here's to the crazy ones.

The misfits.

The rebels,

troublemakers.

The round pegs in the square holes.

The ones who see things different.

She is very much into Steve Jobs.

Michael often jokes
that Steve was one of our other sons

that she had other than just Michael.

I remember when Steve Jobs died.

The next time I talked to her,

she said, I'm surprised
you didn't call when Steve died.

And I was like,
she really, really identified

with Steve Jobs

at a very early age, realizing
that he was a lot more intelligent

than a lot of the people around him
and being incredibly hard on people.

And Steve Jobs story of being adopted,

those things really resonated

with my mother.

The route we took every day was identical.

But on that particular day,
she decided to come home via

Germantown Avenue,
and she wanted to go and see her old home.

We talked about

an extraordinary subject,

and that was her youth.

I discovered her early

life had been very similar to mine.

We both adopted.

And my mother was born
in Philadelphia in 1929.

So just after the

she was informally adopted,

her mother gave her up, ostensibly
for economic reasons.

But I think my mother tracked her down

and found out
that she had raised subsequent children.

So she felt very betrayed by that.

She had a very turbulent childhood.

You know, this being passed
from family to family,

I think that that early sense
of abandonment and betrayal really

kind of set a lot of my mother's attitudes
toward other people.

Me being a foster child,

we had that in common to

me and Richard.

We were able to accept it
and be more positive about it.

But she still held

those, you know, heart to her heart
as far as her mother.

And I feel that that hindered her life.

It really did.

She had, I think, heightened
and unrealistic standards

for how families should behave

with each other.

One thing,

and it is clear, I.

Think maybe initially she made efforts.

I mean, I would visit some
and she was friendly,

but it definitely felt
like a barrier to my father.

I believe she was seeing it

as competing with her.

They wanted to do everything together.

Everything had to be together.

I remember her saying, oh, you know,

we probably think of her
as the evil stepmother.

Well, we didn't.

But in some ways we did.

There was no sense of sort
of being a family

with them because we weren't allowed
to talk about other family members.

That was considered gossip.

Gossip usually affirmed
some sort of a norm that is a complicity

between the two people or gossiping
as to the way people should be.

And this other person
somehow is different.

And who decides what's normal?

And I think maybe a reexamination
of what is normal

is in order at this point,
because what's normal is simply what we've

been taught or accepted.

The word dogmatic comes to mind.

If I would disagree with her,
I give blasted.

And Michael said
basically she was like that. Do

and my mother

was as someone who take things
and kept things.

She was absolutely concerned
that everyone agreed on the accurate

details of what had happened.

We would have a six hour argument
with her.

I mean, literally 6 hours.

Obviously, I found it difficult.

It was a long point of contention
between her and me

about my boringly conventional intellect.

Compared to her,
I think is probably accurate.

What she wanted
was bold, thinking, autodidact,

and really outside the mainstream.

You know,
I just got completely fed up with

being controls, being in a lot of ways
talked down to, you know, my mother

really could quite be very cruel
if she thought you weren't

kind of intellectually up to the up to her
standard.

It was kind of like a two day argument
going on.

I mean, I just remember
storming out of a couple of rooms

and my mother
said, well, nice to have known you.

And we just didn't talk a whole lot

for a long, long, long time.

One of Mr.

Reagan's nominees is in trouble
in Washington and trouble for saying

that the ICP is a pinko organization
and that a white civil rights attorney

from his home state of Alabama
is a disgrace to his race.

Jim Inconceivable to me that a person of
this attitude is qualified to be a U.S.

attorney, let alone the United States.

A Federal Judge.

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, the third.

He was brought face to face with things
he personally had said, for example,

that the NAACP and the Civil Liberties
Union are un-American organizations.

These comments that you could say
are about

a commie organization is something
that may have said something like that.

Let's stop the Family

Feud winner.

Two or three years
after that rather intense argument.

I moved out of the country
without telling her.

I was really running.

So, you know, between the two of us,
we just kept it going.

A few months ago, I told the American
people I did not trade arms for hostages.

My heart and my best intentions
still tell me that's true.

But the facts and the evidence
tell me it is not the devastation.

It's hopeless.

The despair.

I've never seen men cry like they have.

To share this is CNN breaking news.

Because of the

HIV virus that I have attained,

I will have to retire from the Lakers.

That your proposal was unfairly denied
or ignored because you are a woman

or a member of a minority group.

If so, the state wants information.

I run around discussing the 76635.

We are owned by larger
and larger companies.

It doesn't make me a radical
to be somewhat concerned about.

White male boardroom view
will be even more a feature

of the news gathering and report.

What story isn't being pursued?

What story isn't being covered.

Under your party?

It is now 1992.

Happy New Year to you.

Is in the back of Los Angeles.

Continues to reel from violence.

And the aftermath of the Rodney King
verdict.

South central part of the city
looks like the burning Kuwaiti oil field.

One footnote to all of this,

the final episode of The Cosby
Show aired tonight in Los Angeles.

For eight years, the program

held up an ideal of a happy,
successful black American family.

The victory of good food.

Over ever.

White, the real enemy.

In all of this, William Jefferson

Clinton, has undermined
the integrity of his office

and has acted in a manner subversive
of the leaving this program.

To bring you live

coverage of President Clinton's
comments on military strikes in Iraq.

I ordered our armed forces to strike.

Military and strategic targets.

In Iraq.

When we did talk, it was very,
very strained.

Could have an hour long phone conversation
with my mother,

during which there might be 15 minutes
of actual talking.

And the rest of it was just silence.

That is the lunar eclipse from last night.

Of the century.

And we have seen our last lunar
eclipse of the 1900s.

In Times Square.

Our eyes are up there on the ball here

in. I don't remember how long it had been
since I had contact,

but it was a long time because they would
not answer the phone or Marian wouldn't

or couldn't.

Maybe

when point I asked her, okay,
if you don't answer the phone,

how are we supposed to get in touch?

She said, Well, you could FedEx us.

I just decided, Well,

why don't
I just wait and see if I can make contact?

I just sat in Rittenhouse Square
and waited to see if he would come out,

and he did.

He would use a little grocery shop cart,
almost like a walker.

He was very stooped over.

He's making his way up on 18th Street.

And I mean, here I am stopping my dad.

So I thought, well,
I guess I'd better of just go up.

And I

did and

said, Oh, here
I am, I just happened to see you here.

And he seemed very glad to see me.

He sat down and said, Let's talk.

The burning question

that I had that really all of us
siblings had was,

did he not communicate with us
because he didn't want to?

Or was it because of Marian?

And he said that his relationship with
Marian

was the most important thing in his life
and that he didn't

want to rock the boat.

I think he actually used that term
and he said, Don't ever

tell Marian that we spoke here.

I've considered him something of a wimp.

I mean, I have a clear visual memory of

him walking and crossing the street
and going back into the

Berkeley apartment building

and not turning around.

There's perhaps 20 years

that they were isolated in the house.

Sometimes I get down there in the morning,
they were there themselves, sitting

in their chairs and amidst all these books
and magazine things and stuff.

And if I would come in or whatever,
you know,

their chairs were side by side
and they'd be holding the hands

the way they treated each other

was just amazing.

They told me they were soulmates.

I think at that point in their life,
she had out everyone.

She was content with just her and John,

and he sacrificed himself for her.

You know, I believe that he didn't agree
with everything,

but he humbled himself
to allow her to be herself.

John was taken in by mystics knowledge.

She said
People can't take knowledge from you.

So she pretty much found the fact
that she was

knowledgeable
is what kept her in the family.

In John's heart.

Would you like

to lower your monthly mortgage payments
or use the equity

in your home to consolidate
your credit card or other debts?

Just log on. To. Yeah,

this just in.

You are looking at obviously
a very disturbing live shot there.

That is the World Trade Center.

And we have unconfirmed reports
this morning that a plane has crashed

into one of the towers of the World
Trade Center.

CNN Center right now
is just beginning to work on this story,

obviously calling our sources and trying
to figure out exactly what happened.

But clearly something relatively
devastating happening this morning

there at the south
end of the island of Manhattan.

That is once again a picture of one of
the towers of the World Trade Center.

Where you could see these pictures.

It's obviously something devastating
has happened and again,

unconfirmed reports that a plane
has crashed into one of the towers there.

We are efforting more information on this
subject as it becomes available to you.

Right now, we've got Sean Murtaugh.

He is a CNN producer on the telephone
right now.

Sean, how can you tell us about what
this is put on air?

But thanks very. Out.

If a football hero
accused of murder is news for months

or if every Capitol Hill scandal merits
weeks of coverage.

How much attention do
two and a half million dead marry?

It's a story
we should have brought you long ago.

The plane.

This week on Nightline.

We'd like to make up for that

by finally telling you about the beauty
and the tragedy of Congo.

Three years, two and a half million dead.

We thought you should know.

One of the World Trade Center towers.

And so, Sean, what kind of plane was it?

A small plane.

It was a jet.

Now we want to tell you.

What we know as we know it.

We just got a report.

Adding

that there's been some sort of explosion
at the World Trade Center in New York.

City.
Where were you when you saw one report?

Because we can't confirm any of this,
but a plane may have hit one of the.

Twin towers of the World Trade Center.

But again, just in the live pictures
here, we have no further details

that we don't know anything
about what they concluded happened

there. This morning,

we're going to find. Out and of course,
make sure that everybody goes.

On the air.

Of course, the two twin
Trade Center buildings that are down

at the foot of Manhattan,
they really are a beacon of the New York.

It was there that there was the explosion
a couple of years ago,

brought about by terrorists.

That's all gone.

So the records for this,
we don't know anything about.

We don't know about anything
that has happened here

other than the fact that this obviously
they're an agency that they're going to

to a special report
now from ABC News that has hit down there.

And my main point is too far

from the World Trade Center
to make any determination on it.

And it's like a plane coming out of here.

I mean,
this is an ABC News special report.

Who is coming in?

And by the entire ABC package,
Good Morning America is a Congress

of the West and West.

And we're joined by the entire effort
just to show you some of the pictures

that it's 52 here in New York online.

Understand that there has been a plane
crash over the southern tip of Manhattan

in New York from. New York City.

That.

Apparently a plane has crashed into
the World Trade Center in New York, 82.

Very good information at this point.

We don't know about injuries
in the building or people on the ground.

But obviously this has.

There will it it does appear that there's
any kind of an effort up there yet.

Now, remember. Oh, my God. Oh, my God.

Oh, my.

I can hear you.

The rest of the world will hear you.

And the people.

We didn't have contact for many years, but

a month after 911 happened,
I had written a note saying, you know,

if there's anything you need any help
with, I'd be happy to help you.

Marianne said there are some things
we could use some help with.

And what it was
they needed help with. Was.

Labeling videotapes.

There was a wall of tapes
and there were little stickies on them.

CNN A certain date and time,
and they wanted actual labels put on.

Them up in blocks.

We're doing.

It just seems that she was more concerned
about not losing

any information
about what was happening in the world,

but that seemed to get in the way

of having real contact information about

her family.

She collected between 40 and 50,000 books.

She would buy them at every opportunity.

She voraciously read them.

I think she said
she had nine apartments or homes.

We were like packed to the gills.

She was a hoarder, you know,
she hoarded everything.

You know, she got obsessed with the sirup
containers that you get in diners.

So we found like 50 of them or something.

We weren't allowed to throw anything out.

We kept them in bags.

We called them burned bags, and we would
stick them throughout the apartments.

She got different books that said,
My life is a mess and different ones

about how intelligent people are hoarders,
you know, live in disarray.

You might say.

Everybody.

What do you think we would find
if we went to your house

with our television cameras
and looked into your closet a mess?

Probably she would buy stuff

and I would say, Marian,
where do you want me to put it?

And she would say, Make room.

And it was almost like Marion's brain,
these apartment rooms.

And she knew where she
would store stuff. She was

having all

these magazines and books
piled up around her and tapes,

and just walking through
these little pathways was who she was.

If you took away everything,

you would take away Marion.

We're taking video tours

through shopaholics, closets, just to see
what exactly they had hidden away.

Here's one of our viewers, this one and

as soon as I get someplace where.

This makes a statement.

The difference between a hoarder
and a collector

is what value
someone else finds in what they've got.

So if people come to on a house
and they think it's a pile of junk,

then this person's a hoarder.

If they think, Oh my God,
no one's ever kept this before,

then suddenly they're a collector.

Well,
you rarely see them in this good of shape.

For example, the fingers are perfect.

The bird is a mint condition.

And I'd say if this were to go to auction
today, conservatively, it would be worth

two in the bush.

Really?

It's just beautiful.

Thank you so much for bringing it out.

When you have an institution
like a museum or a university

and they begin to collect, you don't tend
to question why they're doing it.

There must be a rational reason.

But when you are one long person
and especially a woman,

then you're considered to be an outlier.

We shouldn't ascribe rationale lightly
to those in power and irrationality

to those without it.

In her mind, there was a purpose to it.

She was always looking into the future.

All news had to be kept.

And for history.

Prosperity.

We know who shot Trayvon.

When something was important,
she would want me to sit

and watch it with her.
Like Trayvon Martin.

A neighborhood watch

volunteer told Sanford, Florida, police
that he was acting in self-defense.

Where his viewers are, you know,

we don't need.

It. She wanted

to like, compare
the way the news is put out there

and how we as a community takes it in.

The mind, equal.

Justice under the law.

We're going to require people's
independence in this country.

That's all right.

That's the one friend.

But it'll be Sally Ride.

In the black insurance market slaying
while in the hands of police.

Gave you proof to the outcries
against police brutality.

We're going to keep saying it.

If we keep saying it, they might do
some aboutwhat don't happen again.

WASHINGTON Ted Koppel.

The group calls itself Moore's movie O.

Its membership is predominantly black,
and while it describes itself

as a back to nature movement, that may be
an overly benign description of a group

that has terrorized its neighbors
and has a history of violence.

I presume

somewhere in that archive
you could pull out a sub

archive of racially motivated
police brutality.

Of a radical.

Group going back and watching in detail
how those stories get told.

What sort of justifications are offered?

What sort of unanswered questions remain?

Police dropped a bomb on this house
trying to flush out members

of a radical Back to the Earth
group known as movie.

Last night, inside the headquarters
of the radical group known as MOVE.

Heavily armed members of a radical group
known as MOVE.

Martin Luther
King said that because of television,

it was going to be hard to maintain racism
because television would show all.

If you had things like Rodney King, then

how could you not reform
racism in the country?

They can get it on videotape
and we still can't get a conviction.

Well, what happens to the police
when they break the law?

That question's back again
because of Monday's beating of two people

by sheriff's deputies
from Riverside County, California.

Granted, the video
doesn't tell you everything, but it sure

looks like the deputies
were using excessive force

and it sure looks like the Rodney King
beating all over again.

But isn't it a stretch
to try to use this horrible incident

as part of your your attempt to justify
illegal immigration?

We are more apt to be the victims
of police brutality than any other group.

Police
use of deadly force against Hispanics

has been a very significant problem.

A few weeks ago in South Carolina,
where a state trooper in an unmarked car

took a woman who was speeding,

manhandled her, threw her on her back,
gave her bodily injury,

and she was as white as a driven snow.

I made an embarrassing mistake.

The woman who was man
held on South Carolina was not white.

She was black.

I saw the thing about a half
a dozen times.

It just shows how colorblind I am not.

Guilty.

That was the headline.

Across the country today, three New York
police detectives, 50 bullets

and an unarmed 23 year old shot to death
just hours

before the man was to be married.

Time and time again, these cases are cases
of black, blue and white.

Black is the race of the people
who are dead.

Blue is the uniform who kill them.

And white is the race of the people
that let those killers go.

But see,
but that is the sort of race baiting.

This is there are two police.

There were two crew.

There were five people here,
five police officers.

Two of them were African-American.

We went into a little bit
histories, web of violence.

And I just wondered
if this is related in any way

to the whole acceptance of violence
and killing is an everyday thing.

Those in

power are able to write their own history

from their own bias.

And I think an extension of that
certainly would be

our discussion today of violence,
which we may not call violence,

but which is a large scale
violation of the human being's

potential and total humanity and dignity.

She felt until the end that her work

was supremely important already,

and she shared that commitment with
John Hope.

How can those who are committed
to human potential

for a cooperative
and constructive society?

How can such persons make a breakthrough?

How can we get out of the web of violence
and break through and help

others break through to a more peaceful

and cooperative type of society?

I remember Marianne calling me like three
or 4:00 in the morning

and saying, Frank,
we have to go to the hospital right away.

There's a problem with John.

And when we got up there, he was gone.

It was very clear that

she fundamentally changed
as a person afterwards.

John was her friend,
as well as her husband.

She became much quieter,
more passive in many ways.

A lot of the energy drained
after his death.

She just

would cry sometimes.

During the period after his death.

She decided to go to Channel ten

to look at some of own TV show.

But we don't get into the situation where
a majority of white people across our.

Industry had passed her by,

and the tapes were no longer viewable

because they no longer
had the kind of equipment. So.

You know, we're not going to take these
arbitrary norms of and if.

You get took away part of her life,
she wanted to relive.

Recognize this diversity of persons
features legitimately human

and should in the total dialog of society
for the enrichment of all.

Should they recognize this.

Because a snowflake
on top of some of the hill

more than three this morning drugs,
sex and rock and roll.

They're the terms that define the sixties.

Problem is,

some say our memories of that time often
preserve the pleasure and forget the pain

that or the sixties a special time?

Or are they merely the obsession
of the baby boom generation, a generation

that can't put their youth behind them?

Bruce Ellis

is president of the Anti Nostalgia
Association for the Advancement of Time,

a group that believes
America is too preoccupied with the past.

And what sense to preoccupy with the past?

Well, in the sense
that so much of contemporary

culture is really devoted
to regurgitating the past,

so it starts to obscure
a vision of the future.

What do you think of what Bruce just said?

That if we're preoccupied with that
decade, can't look ahead to the next one?

Well, you know, it's on a continuum.

You can understand the racism today
when you see understand

what happened with the civil rights
demonstration in the sixties.

It's on a continuum.

Ahead will be long.

Our climb will be steep.

We may not get there in one year
or even in one term.

But America,
I have never been more hopeful

than I am tonight that we will get there.

I promise you, we as a people

will get there.

Nothing ever in our lifetimes.

If we expect. This to happen.

Something big just happened.

It feels like, um.

It feels like anything is now possible.

Minnesota is always a futuristic person.

She was always amazed that a future.

She was absolutely determined
that the next generation

would be better.

Richards Say, where would you like to go?

And she would look over at me, say, Frank,
where do you think we should go today?

Sometimes
you just want to go out and ride.

And then she might
just look out the window.

And once she got her iPhone,
she liked to take pictures.

When we first got into the

restaurant, she would always say,
Don't just order what you like orders.

And I'm not into, you know, ordering
something I don't think I'm going to like.

And she's like, Didn't
you eat that already?

So she would want me to try something
I didn't have?

She told me, Frank, I'm like your mother.

Your mother yells at you, right?

So don't take it in the wrong way.

It's just that I'm upset with you.

She had a martini every day.

Tanqueray martini,
very dry, straight up with a twist.

And she didn't want to drink at all.

We used to bring it home in a paper cup.

I don't think a lot of people
realize the real Marion,

how she cared about
people, was interested in everybody

in wheelchairs.

And so the programs, I don't want to go.

You had to be sitting right next to her
holding her hand.

And that's what made me know that she was
a person, a giving and loving person.

I sure do say that the answer.

Came from me and Frank and Richard
opening her up to that

because it was like part of life,
never saw.

Bitterness.

Try to have that connection with somebody
and just hold your hand and,

you know, be there for you every day.

Richard, the driver
and the aide and myself,

we were part of her family,
I guess you would call it.

I was quite pleased
with that surrogate family.

I've got a deep level of affection
for those people,

and that facilitated more opening

and much

more communication between,
you know, my kids and their grandmother.

And they developed a really,
really sweet relationship.

I remember my daughter saying to me,
I just can't imagine Gran getting angry.

I'm like,
You just think it still makes me laugh.

It's just.

It's hilarious.

I told her, I love that you've got
that kind of relationship with her

because no one else on earth does.

It's really difficult to get resolution

when somebody is turning
a lot of emotions into anger.

Do you know what?

I'm not sure what I did wrong, but I need
you to forgive me and I forgive you.

And we only got there
within the last two months of her

death.

You know, we need to share
the same sense of it as a result and say

that just isn't doing enough

to secure our borders
and fight the illegal immigration problem.

I saw the most diverse
book in social movements.

It was like almost 20 tapes a day
we were taping.

It was becoming harder and harder
to find VHS tapes,

and I used to go around the city
scouring the stores.

Well, who doesn't want to be able
to predict the future?

30 years ago, who knew we'd the internet.

One man did know his name was Andy Gaspar.

It just seemed to us that there.
Was something new being born, something.

That was dramatically different
that would change the way we communicate.

It was newspapers back then that
you thought sort of might be in danger.

What do you think
is sort of the next wave?

Well, there are a few of them, and
that is the role of a local TV station.

We now have a Fox News Channel
that's available on the Internet

any time we want it.

You wonder,
what is the role of Channel five News?

Any local TV in that country?

AIDS would call me through the night
sometimes and say

Marin's not doing very well.

When I came in, she was in her chair,

but her head was almost on the ground
like she was bent in half.

When I sat up and I remember
her eyes were open and she looked at me

and she just patted my arms and said,
Frank, everything's going to be all right.

So I sort of felt that,

as she would say, the Guardian Angels were

taking her.

And so I got over there
relatively quickly.

There she was sitting up.

They propped her up
and she just looking very, very peaceful.

But on the news and, you know,
we kind of left the news running because

we didn't know what she'd wake up and so,
like blow up that we turned it off.

So we just kind of left it on
and it was this horrific unfolding.

We are now multiple hours
into this horrific, horrific crime

that has happened in this small,
sleepy New England

town of Newtown in Connecticut
at this elementary school.

The call came in to 911
right around 930 this morning.

A gunman walked in this school.

The latest number we have have.

That would have been a rough day anyway.

That would have been a rough day anyway.

Again, we're hearing closer
to 30 killed at the school.

As far as children, little children.

Keep in mind, the school is kindergarten
through fourth grade.

Somewhere between.

And my mom's breathing
was getting shallower and shallower

and her hands were getting colder.

I said,
you know, it looks like your ride's here.

You know?

And she went

and then we turned off

the VCR's, turned off the TV.

It's kind of scary in the apartment
without all that noise.

It's like you only knew she was dead
when you turned the VCR off.

When I discovered
that I was a co-executor of the will,

and then realizing

that she had basically trusted me
with finding the right home for it,

that she really did value my capabilities
and value my perspective.

It's changed my view of our relationship.

Michael said that this is my mother's
whole life.

It would be like throwing her life away
if I didn't do something with them.

It was really a full time job for a year

and a half.

Donated a lot of books to a charity that
uses secondhand books to teach at risk.

Youth

got rid of the Apple

computers,
but no one would take the tapes.

No one.

So we decided to take all the tapes
and put them in a pod.

They were like 16 foot long, eight foot
high and eight foot wide

and put them in storage until

something could be worked out.

We weren't very afraid.

Nobody wants these
and they'll just be thrown in the trash.

Let me just put this out there.

This story just hits home with us,
Newsies, as news junkies.

Every news broadcast for 30 years
is about to be preserved for posterity.

35 years.

And for that, we have this woman
to thank the late Marian Stokes.

Marian Stokes record.

Way back. In 1977.

She didn't stop until December of 2012.

All of that history arriving today
by truck at an archive in San Francisco

from Stokes home.

With me now from Philadelphia
is Marian Stokes son Mike Medalists.

And we are also joined by Roger McDonald,
the Internet Archive in San Francisco.

But first, Roger, to you.

Tell me, how rare is this,
this collection from Marian Stokes to an.

Exceptional collection,
really an unprecedented collection.

And I first heard of Marian Stokes
from an email from Michael,

and I was just amazed

that somebody had actually done this
at this size, the magnitude of it.

And they took the stuff.

We we shipped it across the country,
a couple a couple of trucks

and a huge load
was lifted from my shoulders.

And it's just been staggering,
staggering a relief.

That we just felt like,
you know a miracle had happened, that

someone was willing to take them and to,

you know,
make them accessible to the public.

They arrived in our warehouse
in Richmond and truck after truck.

I think the scale of Marian Stokes
is collections

absolutely impressive. It

nobody in

this field has ever heard or seen the like

what she recorded is inaccessible to us

all the long form programing

that she got, all the CNN and all the fox.

And then there's the local news.

That's a rare collection
there are probably elements that she has

that nobody has.

She understood the power of media
to shape public opinion.

And when one of my mother's dreams
was that that would be available to people

as an only

child, you know, just to be able to take
my mother's life's work

and to be able to participate
in someone making it available

to people, that's

that's just enormously gratifying.

Our intention and goal is to digitize it,

put everything that she has
on our servers, to hold on to it

for future generations
and make it available.

What we're offering is to search

television by keyword.

When we sent them the test box,
they immediately began to realize that

the early days of my mother's taping were
also the early days of closed captioning.

They can use the closed captioning

as a tag that lets people know and search

what's happening in the actual videotape.

The Internet Archive is able
to make these tapes accessible

in a much more technology savvy way.

Now there's so much media more than ever.

People need access to reliable information
to make their decisions.

And that was very much
what my mother would have wanted to do.

Decades worth of television
broadcasts is irretrievably lost,

and archive redeems the.

Object of its collecting.

The trashcan of history.

Effectively.

You will only know afterwards
what is important to have collected.

So the more you have, the more you can
then go back and say, Hmm,

this is actually important to me, that

all archives create futures.

When looking at the underlying instincts
that drive collection and preservation,

there is this human drive to transcend
time,

not willing to let go of any moment
and the realization

that the past is never let go.

The fact that she kept all this stuff

when other people caught up
that they wanted to save it.

20 years after she started.

That's smart.

She had an incredible ability
to see trends and to act on.

It's difficult not to call her
a visionary, really difficult

to pull that tag away from.

She was very, very much ahead of her time.

She did give up a lot

in terms of what, you know, people
think of as kind of normal human life.

But she funneled all that energy
into doing things that she felt important

to her that were going to be important
in the long run.

It was hard for me and the family,

but I

loved her.