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NARRATOR: Water and land,
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prime habitat
for two of Africa's deadliest species.
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(grunting)
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Crocs have 68 teeth...
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and the strongest bite force
on the planet.
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Hippos have razor-sharp tusks
that can chop you in half.
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(snorts, growls)
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Both have killer instinct.
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Neither will relinquish their stronghold
over the river.
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And when nature throws a curve ball,
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tolerance turns to violence.
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Hippo versus croc.
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Who is Africa's ultimate gladiator?
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(Hippopotamuses growl, snort)
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It's suicide month in the Luangwa Valley,
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the season of extremes.
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Paradise is about to turn into purgatory,
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and this croc faces a battle
she may not survive.
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She's not alone.
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Forget everything you thought
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about hippos being cute and comical.
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To share this river with crocodiles,
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they need to be the meanest guys
on the block.
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(grunting)
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Crocs are the most lethal
freshwater predators on the planet.
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They don't need to share,
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but this is the beach master,
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two and a half tons
of testosterone-fueled rage.
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He's possibly
the most aggressive animal alive.
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Put them in the ring together,
and it is a clash of the titans.
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(both growl)
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They're about as different
as any two animals can be,
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but both are equipped to fight...
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and kill.
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And this battle will test them
to the limits of their game.
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Both have a shot at the title.
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(growls)
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Both have incredible adaptations
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and chinks in their armor,
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but they have the same goal,
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to breed and survive.
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The game is on,
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and this lush environment
is about to spiral
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into a hotbed of feast and famine.
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Many will succumb
to the river's deadliest rival...
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blistering heat.
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Temperatures peak
over 100 degrees Fahrenheit,
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and their habitat is turning against them.
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Six months without rain takes its toll.
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For the crocs,
it's time to focus on the next generation.
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For others, it's a time
to seek opportunities.
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(eagle squawking)
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(grunting)
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- (snarls)
- (growls)
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For the beach master and his herd,
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it's the start of deep unrest,
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his territory is shrinking.
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For both gladiators
it's the beginning of a great march,
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following the remaining water.
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It's a time to adapt... or die.
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(hippopotamus grunting)
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Hippos eat roughly 80 pounds
of grass per night,
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and vegetation is dwindling.
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The body count rises,
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but it's tasty nutrition
if you've got a stomach for it.
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Crocs have the toughest digestive system
in the animal kingdom.
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They use and store
almost every bite they eat
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and can survive up to a year
without a meal.
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It's time to stock up.
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Crocs can't chew,
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their jaws and teeth are designed
to grip and tear meat off the carcass.
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The biggest and oldest crocs
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get the first sitting and the choice cuts.
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An 18-foot crocodile has a bite force
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up to 5,000 pounds per square inch.
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That's two and a half tons clamping down.
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(growling)
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(braying)
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Powerful muscles hold the jaw shut
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while 68 teeth
pierce and hold on to the flesh.
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Then he spins his body 360 degrees.
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The muscular force of his body
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combines with the sharpness of his teeth
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and helps him tear flesh from the carcass.
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It's known as the death roll.
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He's got some of the strongest jaws
on the planet
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and a drought-defying metabolism.
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The croc seems
the odds-on favorite to win this match,
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and the hippo, the wild card.
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But to really get what makes
each of our gladiators tick,
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we need to dive deeper into their world.
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Hippos and crocs
need both land and water to thrive.
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River frontage is prime real estate,
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and for most of the year they live
in a rich, watery wonderland.
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With a skin that can weigh
up to half a ton,
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hippos spend up to 16 hours a day
in water to keep hydrated.
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It's not surprising
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when you consider
their closest relatives are whales.
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Around 55 million years ago,
hippos and whales split
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from the same water-loving land mammal.
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One branch took to the oceans
and evolved into the whale.
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(whale moans)
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The other branch stayed topside
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and became the amphibious,
bulkier hippo we know today.
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(grunts)
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They can hold their breath
for up to five minutes
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and reach speeds of up to
five miles an hour on the riverbed.
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(grunting)
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Crocs have been around
much longer than hippos,
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and they've hardly changed
in over 70 million years.
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You could say they hit
the evolutionary jackpot.
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Their adaptable design enabled them
to outlive the dinosaurs
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and become the most advanced reptiles...
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(growls)
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...on the planet.
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He's a masterpiece of form and function.
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His muscular tail makes up
almost half his body length
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and can propel him through the water
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at speeds up to 20 miles per hour.
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He has two sets of lungs,
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which he uses like floats
to sink and rise.
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With this on board scuba tank,
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he can stay underwater
as long as two hours.
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It's a dangerous neighborhood
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for the beach master's newborn daughter.
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(hippopotamuses clicking)
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She also spends a lot of time underwater,
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but right now she can only
hold her breath for 40 seconds.
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(clicking)
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(low grunting)
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She's submerged
in a cocoon of sights and sounds.
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(clicking)
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Like whales, hippos communicate underwater
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with clicks and whistles.
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(whistles)
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(clicking)
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Mother and baby develop a strong bond
which lasts several years.
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And even the beach master plays a role,
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he's her bodyguard.
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(clicking)
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For the first few weeks,
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her safest bet is to fly under the radar.
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She even suckles here,
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folding her ears back
and closing her nostrils
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to keep the water out.
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She'll nurse on milk
for the next eight months,
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so she'll need her mother to stay strong
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through the tough times ahead.
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As the pool gets more crowded,
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food and water gets more scarce
and energy is low.
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(hippopotamuses groan)
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(growls)
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It's a dangerous time to share habitat
with a super predator.
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The Luangwa River
is the lifeblood for hippos, crocs
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and another age-old resident
of the valley.
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A shrinking river
means their territories start to overlap.
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Nearby villagers also rely on the river.
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(honking)
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(grunting)
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But navigating these waters
is a death-defying stunt.
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This is hippo country.
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They can bite a canoe in half,
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but they don't eat their victims,
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hippos kill to defend their territory.
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(honks)
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Fueled by high levels of testosterone,
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male hippos are always running on angry.
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The herd is already displaced,
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and staying on the move
is their best strategy.
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Today they're getting
the hell out of Dodge.
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They'll find a new pool further downriver.
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Hippos are social,
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and nobody wants to be left behind.
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At full throttle, this straggler
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can reach speeds
of up to 30 miles per hour.
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That's faster than six-time
Olympic champion Usain Bolt.
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As they steadily march downstream,
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the beach master and his herd
run out of river.
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The remaining pools bust at the seams.
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As usual, testosterone runs high,
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but that's not the only thing
that makes hippos so deadly.
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It's time to bring out the big guns.
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(snarling)
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The inside of his mouth
is like an arsenal of weapons.
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His four canines are thick and pointed.
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Every time he closes his mouth
they grind against each other
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to keep the edges razor-sharp.
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His lower canines
can measure one and a half feet
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and weigh up to 13 pounds.
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The incisors are smaller
but can still inflict damage.
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The lower ones grow horizontally
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and can reach a half a foot long.
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They're there to stab
his opponents like daggers.
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Hippos don't need these teeth
to eat grass,
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their mouths are
a purpose-built ivory arsenal.
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With a hair-trigger temper...
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and daggers for teeth,
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hippos are the ultimate fighting machine.
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They could snap a croc in half.
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Bring it on.
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(hippopotamus growls)
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Like every true gladiator,
crocodiles wear a suit of armor.
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Their skin is a network
of interconnected scales
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made of keratin,
the same as human fingernails.
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Each scale has a tiny black sensor.
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On his jaw, they're ten times
as sensitive as a fingertip.
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So, despite his scaly armor,
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he can feel... every ripple around him.
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He even has his own, unique mask,
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complete with sealable nostrils.
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The pattern is random, caused by cracks,
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the same as you get
when mud cools and dries out.
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But it's not a shrinking process
that causes the cracks.
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As the embryo's skull expands,
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the facial skin stretches
until it cracks and tears,
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leaving each crocodile
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with a different arrangement
of face scales.
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Along his back,
the scales are more defined
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and reinforced with bone,
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giving him extra armor plating
to protect his inner organs.
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Legends say his armor is bulletproof.
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But now we'll find out
if it's hippo-proof.
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Suicide month is flying by,
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and large parts of the valley
have been deserted.
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But these survival experts
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are crossing over from the dark side.
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It's mating season.
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The dominant male ripples the water
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to advertise he's ready to mate.
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He rapidly contracts his trunk muscles
just below the surface
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to create an infrasound,
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extremely low frequency signals
which travel through the water.
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His next move is to do what crocs do best,
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be patient and wait.
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Male crocs become sexually active
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when they reach
just over ten feet in length,
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usually at about ten years old.
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He's surprisingly gentle.
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Thick-skinned gladiator
turns to ardent suitor.
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He circles her and rubs up against her,
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patiently trying to ease her underwater.
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It's all up to her.
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When she's ready, a head lift.
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Under the water he rotates her back legs
and tail to one side,
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to align his vent with hers.
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00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:07,440
The dominant male will fertilize
hundreds of eggs this season
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to secure the future
of his species in this valley.
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But there's no guarantee,
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the river gives life,
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but she also takes it away.
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00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,560
(honking, grunting)
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The Luangwa Valley
is home to roughly 25,000 hippos.
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It's one of the greatest concentrations
of hippos on the planet.
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But 25,000 hippos take up a lot of space.
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00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:09,320
They're becoming bottlenecked
in the shrinking river,
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00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:13,720
and hippo and croc are vying
for the same territory.
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Get off my lawn!
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00:22:19,640 --> 00:22:21,840
(hippopotamus snorting)
259
00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:23,440
(growls)
260
00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:26,920
A clash is inevitable.
261
00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:30,000
(hippopotamus snorting)
262
00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:39,400
Many of the crocs
are moving to the riverbanks.
263
00:22:49,400 --> 00:22:51,360
For these croc mothers,
264
00:22:51,360 --> 00:22:55,000
it's time to hunker down
and focus on the future.
265
00:23:04,120 --> 00:23:08,560
The first egg emerges,
covered in a thick layer of mucus,
266
00:23:08,560 --> 00:23:10,200
which cushions its fall.
267
00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,080
Over the next two and a half
to three months,
268
00:23:26,080 --> 00:23:30,400
her embryos develop
inside their leathery shells.
269
00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:34,000
Temperature plays a crucial role,
270
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:37,000
it determines the babies' gender.
271
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:45,360
Temperatures between
89 and 94 degrees Fahrenheit
272
00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:46,360
produce males,
273
00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:50,200
and temperatures below that
dictate females.
274
00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:57,960
She lays between 40 and 60 eggs...
275
00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:02,200
and when she's done,
276
00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:05,400
she tucks them into their darkened chamber
277
00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:09,240
and hides them from the outside world.
278
00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:20,880
She will guard this nest day and night,
279
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:23,800
but she can't guarantee their safety...
280
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:25,640
(eagle squawks)
281
00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:27,760
...predators are on the prowl.
282
00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,120
(eagle squawks)
283
00:24:38,240 --> 00:24:41,680
The shrinking river
is a predator's paradise,
284
00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:45,000
and for the apex predator
285
00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:48,240
the sweltering heat is an advantage.
286
00:24:51,600 --> 00:24:56,440
The precious water lures prey
like bees to a honey pot.
287
00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:01,640
It's the perfect arena to stage an ambush.
288
00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,520
Crocodiles are the leopards
of the waterways,
289
00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:13,680
their strategy is stealth and patience.
290
00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,880
(wildebeest lowing)
291
00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:45,320
(low growling)
292
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,040
(wildebeest lowing)
293
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:18,560
A cold, clinical execution,
294
00:27:19,160 --> 00:27:21,800
the crocodile is the ultimate assassin,
295
00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:25,520
a perfectly designed killing machine.
296
00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:34,920
His torpedo-shaped body
assigns minimal space to vital organs.
297
00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,400
He is basically one big muscle,
298
00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:42,040
a perfectly honed weapon of destruction.
299
00:27:50,560 --> 00:27:52,880
It's the tail end of the dry season,
300
00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:56,480
and the beach master
is still holding his herd together.
301
00:27:56,480 --> 00:28:00,040
(grunting)
302
00:28:01,800 --> 00:28:03,840
But they're in deep muck.
303
00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:08,640
On average, each hippo
dumps three tons of waste
304
00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:10,560
into this river per year.
305
00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:19,040
Their journey has taken them
from prime real estate
306
00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:21,400
to Hell's Kitchen.
307
00:28:24,640 --> 00:28:27,440
But one's misfortune is another's gain,
308
00:28:28,080 --> 00:28:32,120
the crocs are cashing in
on the hippos' demise.
309
00:28:35,320 --> 00:28:37,640
The beach master's plucky little daughter
310
00:28:37,640 --> 00:28:40,000
is learning some tough life lessons.
311
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:45,800
Among her herd, the odds are sinking.
312
00:28:49,640 --> 00:28:53,040
But out on the banks,
new life is emerging.
313
00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:57,720
It's the start of a baby boom.
314
00:29:03,720 --> 00:29:05,600
Ninety days have passed,
315
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:09,480
and the call to life is unmistakable.
316
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:14,280
(hatchlings squeaking)
317
00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:38,920
Despite a million years of evolution
318
00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:40,640
to prove his resilience,
319
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:44,920
this little super predator
comes into the world
320
00:29:44,920 --> 00:29:49,960
as fragile and vulnerable
as any newborn baby.
321
00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:55,480
(squeaking)
322
00:30:22,920 --> 00:30:25,360
Their first challenge is survival,
323
00:30:26,200 --> 00:30:29,640
and for this whole new
generation of gladiators,
324
00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:33,520
their battle is about to begin.
325
00:30:35,800 --> 00:30:37,520
(eagle squawks)
326
00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:46,280
Tension ripples through
the gridlocked river.
327
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:48,000
(grunting)
328
00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:59,760
The beach master battles
to defend his territory
329
00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:03,720
as newcomers trespass
on his dwindling turf.
330
00:31:12,520 --> 00:31:14,640
He scoops water in his mouth.
331
00:31:17,920 --> 00:31:20,160
It means "back off."
332
00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:22,200
(growling)
333
00:31:26,280 --> 00:31:30,360
When feces starts flicking,
it's the final warning.
334
00:31:33,560 --> 00:31:35,320
His paddle-shaped tail
335
00:31:35,640 --> 00:31:39,960
spreads testosterone-laced dung
over maximum distance.
336
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,120
Get ready to rumble!
337
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:52,320
(growling)
338
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,360
The beach master controls breeding rights
339
00:32:04,360 --> 00:32:06,520
to all the females in his territory.
340
00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:10,480
(grunting)
341
00:32:13,280 --> 00:32:15,280
(roaring)
342
00:32:27,680 --> 00:32:29,880
He's been boss for ten years,
343
00:32:30,280 --> 00:32:33,800
chasing off impostors is his specialty.
344
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:38,960
Weighing in at 5,500 pounds,
345
00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:43,760
he's roughly the combined weight
of two American football teams.
346
00:32:45,600 --> 00:32:47,280
(low growling)
347
00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:26,960
Come on, make my day.
348
00:33:31,200 --> 00:33:33,480
The impostor turns tail,
349
00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:37,120
he's no match for the beach master.
350
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:43,960
In the same neighborhood,
351
00:33:43,960 --> 00:33:46,520
the crocs are staging their own siege,
352
00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,240
but they're not wrangling territory,
353
00:33:51,920 --> 00:33:54,040
they're in a feeding frenzy.
354
00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:01,320
(hatchling squeaking)
355
00:34:01,320 --> 00:34:04,520
The noisy hatchlings
call their mother from the river.
356
00:34:06,560 --> 00:34:09,440
(squeaking)
357
00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:16,000
But others heard the same alarm,
358
00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:19,800
and for them it's the dinner bell.
359
00:34:22,440 --> 00:34:24,560
(hatchlings squeaking)
360
00:34:38,480 --> 00:34:41,200
In a cold-blooded twist of nature,
361
00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:45,840
her newborns are hunted down
and devoured by their own kind.
362
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:53,080
(squeaking)
363
00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:07,200
The mother tries to rescue the survivors.
364
00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:11,880
Her super-sensitive skin
365
00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:15,080
allows her to delicately
carry them in her jaws...
366
00:35:20,200 --> 00:35:23,720
the same jaws that can snap prey in half.
367
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,240
(hatchlings squeaking)
368
00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:09,920
Four of her babies have made it this far,
369
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:12,680
but they're not out of the woods yet.
370
00:36:18,520 --> 00:36:23,000
Only two percent of crocodile hatchlings
make it to adulthood.
371
00:36:28,880 --> 00:36:30,440
(hisses)
372
00:36:32,480 --> 00:36:35,360
Other opportunists
launch in on the action.
373
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:45,200
A bird's-eye view zones in
on more babies downstream.
374
00:36:46,480 --> 00:36:48,240
(squeaking)
375
00:36:55,520 --> 00:36:56,920
The resident fish eagles
376
00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:59,320
patrol this stretch of the river constantly.
377
00:37:00,880 --> 00:37:05,440
Fish stocks are running low,
and baby crocs are fast food.
378
00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:25,560
(eagle squawking)
379
00:37:29,320 --> 00:37:32,080
Of the 50 eggs the mother laid,
380
00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:35,800
only one of her babies
is likely to survive.
381
00:37:40,400 --> 00:37:44,480
Perhaps crocs
are not so bulletproof after all.
382
00:37:54,360 --> 00:37:56,240
(grunting)
383
00:37:57,160 --> 00:38:00,120
Nightfall brings relief from the heat,
384
00:38:00,840 --> 00:38:04,360
but there's no relief
from the cramped living space.
385
00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:11,080
The crocs are muscling in,
but the hippos stand their ground.
386
00:38:14,120 --> 00:38:16,360
There's only one pool left.
387
00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:19,720
For the beach master and his herd,
388
00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:23,400
this is the last chance saloon...
389
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:30,640
and he'll defend it with his life.
390
00:38:36,360 --> 00:38:39,240
(grunting)
391
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:42,920
The beach master has taken control
392
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:45,960
over the last decent pool in the valley,
393
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:48,920
and he'll take no prisoners.
394
00:38:50,280 --> 00:38:54,000
But the crocs are muscling in
on the same water.
395
00:38:56,520 --> 00:39:02,040
This is point zero
for both hippo and croc.
396
00:39:02,040 --> 00:39:03,600
(growling)
397
00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:06,200
The mother croc joins the throng,
398
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:07,840
her mission failed,
399
00:39:08,560 --> 00:39:10,480
her four surviving offspring
400
00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:14,360
lost to the greedy males of her own clan.
401
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:22,640
Tolerance has reached its tipping point.
402
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:26,000
(honks)
403
00:39:27,320 --> 00:39:28,760
(grunting)
404
00:39:29,120 --> 00:39:31,960
The beach master issues his warning,
405
00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:34,200
but it's too late.
406
00:39:39,640 --> 00:39:43,080
The thin skin of truce
between croc and hippo
407
00:39:43,080 --> 00:39:44,800
is starting to tear open.
408
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:49,720
The croc mother
is set on a collision course,
409
00:39:49,720 --> 00:39:54,400
right into the stronghold
of the beach master's territory.
410
00:39:57,880 --> 00:40:00,880
An army of hippos defending their pond,
411
00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:05,280
the odds aren't good for a lone crocodile.
412
00:40:08,600 --> 00:40:10,560
(grunting)
413
00:40:24,560 --> 00:40:26,080
(honking)
414
00:40:28,080 --> 00:40:29,560
(snorting)
415
00:41:04,560 --> 00:41:06,640
The croc is banished.
416
00:41:09,560 --> 00:41:11,960
The beach master held his ground...
417
00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:19,360
but once more, the croc proves
her knack at survival.
418
00:41:22,040 --> 00:41:26,200
Perhaps her super sensors
helped her escape the deadly tusks,
419
00:41:27,960 --> 00:41:30,440
or her bony armor protected her.
420
00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:34,520
Either way, she's lucky to be alive.
421
00:41:39,520 --> 00:41:44,360
The dust settles,
and the real tragedy unfolds.
422
00:41:51,040 --> 00:41:56,200
In the chaos, one razor-sharp
tusk hit a soft target.
423
00:42:04,720 --> 00:42:06,240
The hippos' deadly defense
424
00:42:06,240 --> 00:42:09,040
has cost them their most cherished member.
425
00:42:14,720 --> 00:42:18,440
The tender calf
is one more casualty on the list.
426
00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:27,920
It may be two years
before the mother nurses another baby.
427
00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:38,440
As one life ebbs away,
others gather strength,
428
00:42:39,040 --> 00:42:41,920
each an evolutionary masterpiece,
429
00:42:41,920 --> 00:42:46,280
hoping to defeat the odds
and join the ranks of their elders.
430
00:42:49,480 --> 00:42:52,280
Water and land...
431
00:42:53,800 --> 00:42:58,440
prime habitat
for two of Africa's most iconic species.
432
00:42:59,200 --> 00:43:03,440
The hippo,
a testosterone-fueled herbivore.
433
00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:05,480
He'll defend the river with his life.
434
00:43:05,480 --> 00:43:06,920
(snarls)
435
00:43:06,920 --> 00:43:08,240
The croc...
436
00:43:08,960 --> 00:43:13,280
cunning, cloaked in armor,
but with a sensitive twist.
437
00:43:14,000 --> 00:43:17,400
He's the most successful
freshwater predator on the planet.
438
00:43:23,760 --> 00:43:26,480
There are no winners in this contest,
439
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:29,960
both are champions in their own right.
440
00:43:31,760 --> 00:43:33,800
For hippo and croc,
441
00:43:33,800 --> 00:43:35,920
this ancient battle will continue.
442
00:43:37,360 --> 00:43:40,560
Every year the dry season
will pit them against each other
443
00:43:40,920 --> 00:43:43,720
and weed out the weak and vulnerable.
444
00:43:45,760 --> 00:43:49,800
It's not the strongest
or the most intelligent who survive,
445
00:43:50,440 --> 00:43:54,800
but those who best adapt to change.36216
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