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All right welcome to the last lesson in video.
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So in this video we are going to be scripting with Bash.
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Now this may seem a little overwhelming at first.
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What we're going to be doing is building out a ping sweeper script.
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It's going to be pretty basic.
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And what I want you to do is maybe just watch this video once and then the second time through really
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try to follow along with it.
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Take notes etc. I think a first time watch through you know just to get the concepts.
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Understand what I'm doing.
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And then the second time really really get hands on with it.
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And I think that will be probably the best way to learn.
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But if you have a different learning style please do go ahead and try that as well.
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The only thing I can say is don't let this intimidate you.
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Hopefully by the time the video's over with you will have a pretty good understanding on a basic scripting
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and how scripting can really be beneficial and improve our timing improve automation etc..
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So let's go ahead and quickly talk about some of the things are we learning in this video faces some
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of the commands and items are going to learn.
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We're going to talk about grep which is going to allow us to narrow down some results.
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We're also going to talk about cut and T are both of those are also going to help us narrow down some
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results.
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So basically we're going to start with a ping that we're going to send out and we're going to want to
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gather information back that says that ping was valid.
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So we want to know any computer that responded to us.
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Well how are we going to do that.
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Well we need to identify what a valid ping looks like.
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We're going to use grep to to kind of narrow down a string or a sentence or something that identifies
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with a positive ping and then we're going to cut out everything we don't want and use TR as well to
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cut some things out that we don't want.
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So we're going to put this into a script when it's all said and done.
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And we're also going to be talking about the usage of for loops and their importance not only with using
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them in this script but how we can use simple one liners to do everyday things for us.
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So I'll show you at the end of the video how we're going to use that and map and use a for loop with
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n map to run through and map script.
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So stay tuned through the video again if you are a hands on learner maybe first time through you.
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You try hands on but my recommendation here is to just sit back watch the video understand what's going
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on.
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Second time really follow along with it.
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Take notes and get the most that you can.
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This lesson.
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So let's go ahead and get started.
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All right.
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So now we're going to be covering bash scripting so the first thing we're going to do to cover before
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we get into writing our scripts is how to narrow down results.
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And we say narrowing down results.
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What we're saying is forgiving a block of text and we want to extract some information from that block
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of text.
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How are we going to do that.
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So that's all we're going to cover in this lesson.
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OK.
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So let's go ahead and get started.
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Well we're going to be doing today is narrowing down a ping result.
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So if we come into here and we need to paying an IP address within our system.
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So I'm going to be pinging 1 9 2 1 6 8 dot 1 dot 90 and you're going to see that it returns a sixty
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four bytes from that address.
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So it looks like we're getting a response.
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I'm going to hit control see here.
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So if you remember from the networking section we actually get a response unlimited until we cancel
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it right.
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Like we just controlled see here from ping.
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So there's another thing that we can do if we only want to send one packet and see if it's alive or
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not we can do a dash C of one.
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So we're just gonna do that so that's account of one we're sending one packet over if we set 10.
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It would send 10 packets over if that makes sense.
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So now we're going to do is we're gonna put this into a text file.
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So if you remember from previous video we just use this little carrot here and I'm going to call this
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IP that text OK.
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And if we can IP that text you'll see the same results there.
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So now what we're gonna want to do is we're gonna want to narrow this down.
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What do I want to extract from here.
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Well I want to extract this IP address and it'll make more sense when we get into the scripting part.
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But what we're gonna do is we're gonna get out specifically of this this IP address from this line.
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Now we're interested in actually is a returned IP address that has a valid response.
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Right.
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So if I were to attack or if I were to enter in here say 15 dot 90 OK there's no response there.
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So this is kind of what it looks like when it doesn't get a response back.
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It just kind of lingers.
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And then we hit control C and it says zero pinging statistics right.
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Nothing was was received back.
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So what we see when we get a response back is we see sixty four bytes when there's no response back.
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We don't have any bytes.
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So if we're doing a sweep through a network which we're going to be doing later we need to be able to
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narrow down these results.
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So if we're sending say 1 9 to that 1 6 8 that one that one all the way through 255 and we want to see
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who responds back and then take that list and narrow it down to the IP addresses which is exactly we're
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going to be doing we need to know how to narrow that down.
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So what we're gonna be narrowing down on specifically is the sixty 64 bytes.
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So lets tab up a couple times to this cat IP address and we're gonna do a pipe in the pipe just means
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we're gonna add an additional command here.
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So the additional command we're going to do is called grep grep is going to grab any line with what
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you specify.
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So let's specify sixty four bytes and see what happens see now if you noticed we had all of these lines
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before and now a group is doing is grep is taking only the lines that contain sixty four bytes.
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So again a valid response.
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So we have sixty four bytes here and we have achieved a response.
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So what we're going to do now is we're going to narrow this down some more.
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OK we've got this line here.
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But again we're still trying to extract this IP address.
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So how can we do that.
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Well there is a tool called cut.
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So if we tap up again and we do another pipe because they're sending a new command we're going to say
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cut and cut syntax.
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It looks like this and I'll explain it once I type it out here.
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OK so we have cut and then this hyphen D.
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That's a delimiter.
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So the delimiter is what we're going to be cutting on.
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So we're giving a delimiter of a space meaning here's a space here's the space here's a space.
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So we're gonna be cutting on these spaces and then we give a field.
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We say OK what field do we want to retrieve back from this cut.
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OK.
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We want to field for.
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If you look one two three four in the fourth field is our IP address.
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So it's gonna say OK I'm going to cut on this space I'm gonna cut in this space I'm going to cut on
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this space and then I can take it right here.
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Now if we identified field five we would be taking this fully identified field three we were taking
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from let's go ahead and just hit enter and see what that looks like OK.
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So now we are narrow down even more.
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But there's an issue here.
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If we were to try to send this IP address we would have this little colon here attached onto it and
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you can't ping with that IP address.
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So we're gonna be doing a sweep or narrowing down this list then we're gonna actually need to remove
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this guy here.
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So let's take a look at how we do that.
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So if we tap up again and again we're going to add a pipe.
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Now we're gonna use a command called TR and TR just means translate what we're gonna be doing is another
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delimiter.
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So dash D there and we're going to be taking out that call.
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So it should look something like this.
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If we hit Enter now you can see that that Colon has been removed.
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OK now let's talk about how we can use this information to write out a script.
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We're going to start with a basic script and we can add upon it as we go.
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So I've gone ahead and written out a script but we're going to talk about it very slowly so you can
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actually look at it and copy it down.
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So what we're going to do is go ahead and say get it and I called this IP sweep that S H.
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So go ahead and do the same or something similar to enter so let's take a look at this script so at
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the very top here we have to declare what we're doing.
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So we're going to give a hash bang and we do this with any scripting language.
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So if was or Python we'd be entering Python here but this is bash.
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So we're gonna be doing a forward slash bean forward slash bash that declares that we're running a bash
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script and the DSH also indicates that we're running a bash script so I want you to ignore this line
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here in this line here for now.
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Let's talk about this line.
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This should look very very familiar.
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So we're doing in this line we are saying we're going to ping with a count of one which we talked about
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and then we're going to do something here.
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We've got a dollar sign one and a dollar sign.
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IP let's just ignore that for now OK so we're gonna go ahead and do the rest.
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That should look familiar.
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We're gonna say run a grab sixty bytes.
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We're gonna cut the delimiter of a space feel the floor and then we're going to do a translate right
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and take off that little bit at the end.
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OK I added Ampersand here at the end.
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So an ad first hand allows us to do threading.
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So that's exactly why it's in there.
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If we didn't we'd have to let the process go.
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One IP at a time and we'll talk about that in a second as well.
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So let's talk about this for line so a for loop is what we're actually running here and the loop is
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saying I want to do an IP address.
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We're just declaring a variable here you can call it whatever you want.
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Or we're saying hey for this IP in a sequence of 1 through 254 we're gonna do something in that do as
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a pain.
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So what this means is for IP and if we think about it in sequence 1 through 250 for what it's saying
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is 1 2 3 4 all the way up to 254.
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OK.
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So think about it this way if we say 4 1 in this ping sweep we're gonna do that right.
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So we're gonna say 4 1 4 2 4 3 all the way through 254.
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That's what this loop is doing.
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So it's very very simple loop.
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Now IP is replaced down here at the very end.
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Now we're also calling out this dollar sign 1.
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Now this dollar sign 1 is user input.
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So we're going to actually do something.
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This is called IP sweep right.
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So we're gonna have to call out this IP sweep something like this sage and then we're going to have
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to give out some information.
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It's going to request information if we don't provide it.
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It won't know how to ping.
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So we're gonna do is we're gonna say the first three octet of our home network.
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So of yours is 1 9 2 1 6 8.
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That one like mine is then you just enter 1 9 2 1 6 8 1.
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Now we could also for simplicity just hard code this so we can say 1 9 2 1 6 8 dot 1 dot IP address
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and it would be fine.
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We don't have to build the set.
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The only reason we're not hard coding it is because you can do multiple pings slaves is going to be
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a ping sleep script for you in the future if you're on a different network or you just want to write
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something out really quick dollar sign one.
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Works perfect.
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But if you want to leave it hard coded like this it will also work.
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So let's go ahead and just delete this out.
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I'm going to put this into dollar sign 1 again to have a proof of concept and then we are going to run
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this.
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So all we do here at the end is declare done if we didn't run this with an ampersand here we would have
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to add a semicolon similar to this but because we are having an ampersand we can actually get rid of
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that and just put that back just for some syntax clarity here.
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OK so let's go ahead and save this
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and remember from our lesson we're gonna have to change the mode of our script because it's not executable
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by default.
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So we're gonna do a plus X here and then we're gonna call our IP sweep the h we can l s and make sure
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it's green.
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Here's IPC if the S H.
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And then we'll do a dot for it slash IP sweep to S H.
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And I'm not going to enter anything in as one to show proof of concept so see it ran through every single
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number here and threading and name or service not knowing because we didn't provide an IP address.
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So what we can do here is we need to provide that IP address 1 6 8 that one hit Enter okay and it pulls
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back some information so what we can do with this information.
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Let's write this out to a file so let's just call this IP list.
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That text.
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Something like this OK.
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It's done.
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Now let's just cut out the IP list.
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Text OK.
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Now we have an IP list of the IP is in our network that we just swept right and we can use this information
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later on.
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But before we go into that I do want to go back and just improve our script a very very tiny bit.
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So let's go ahead and just tab up a couple of times so we get to our edit and let me show you how we
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can improve this script.
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It doesn't have to be overly complicated.
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What we can do is we can say something like this we can come in here and give an if statement.
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So if his condition.
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All right we're gonna say if this exists then do something.
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And if it doesn't exist do something else.
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So we're gonna say if dollar sign 1 is equal to nothing we're going to give it blank space here and
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then we're gonna say then we want to do something.
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So what are we going to do.
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We can echo out something similar to you forgot an IP address and then echo out what you need to do
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like syntax
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that slash ping suite or IP suite is what we call this IP suite.
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That s h and then IP or we can even write it out.
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An example right.
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Something like that.
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So that way our user if they're using it we wrote this for somebody else.
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They know we're talking about it at the very end.
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We just need to write if backwards.
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We'll put it FDI.
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So what this is saying is if this is not an echo here right we're going to echo these and then we need
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to add one other thing here which is it.
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Else go ahead and hit enter just the spaces out of it.
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So if we have no dollar sign one declared.
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Right.
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If we have nothing entered in we're gonna say echo you forgot an IP address and syntax here.
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If we do have something in dollar sign one.
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OK.
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We're gonna do something else we're gonna do our pink suite and that's it.
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So this is very similar and modified from Georgia wide means that I've got a long time ago so full credit
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goes to her for this little script.
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It was very very easy to learn and it's also very easy to teach.
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So let's go ahead and just run this one more time we're gonna say IP sweep the s h and look what happens
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now it says you forgot an IP address.
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Now we can declare a number and there anything in the script is not perfect right.
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We're expecting three octet and we could give it a 1 and it's still going to do something like that
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which is incorrect right.
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So we need to be able to to modify this down more but that gets really advanced scripting into declaring
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that needs to be three act tatts and if you don't provide those then what.
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And that just gets more advanced so we really just need to know hey what we're doing here.
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Very basic script for ourselves and something to remember.
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OK.
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Let's clear our screen.
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Last thing I want to show you.
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So we've been able to write a script out but we can also do looping in one line.
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And this is where it becomes kind of fun.
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So we have this IP list right.
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We did a cat IP list that Tex.
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Now let's say we've got this IP list together and we want to do an end map scan on all of these IP.
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Now we could just say and map and type in the syntax you want and the IP address of it for every single
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one of these starting new tab.
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And let that happen or you could do something in a for loop so we can write the same for loop that we
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did before.
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We're gonna say for IP and then we're we're gonna do is we're gonna write a dollar sign and we're gonna
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cat the IP list that text.
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So all it does is is bringing out this list that we have here and it's saying OK for this IP this IP
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this IP set we're going to run through all of these.
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That's what the loop does.
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Right.
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OK.
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We're gonna do our semicolon then we're going to tell it to do something right.
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So what do we want to do.
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OK let's run it and map script.
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So we're gonna say do and map and we'll ping or we'll do a port Port 80 on all of these and we'll say
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stealth scan that port 80 and we'll do T4 for a speed and that should be it.
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So then we can do.
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Done like this and let it run through one at a time.
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We can also do the ampersand and let it run multiples like this.
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We can hit enter and see what that does.
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But I also forgot one thing here forgot to declare the IP address.
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So let's talk about it real quick.
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So we've got a very very simple one liner and you're going to see one liners a lot.
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If you get into ethical hacking and just allows us to do things quickly and scripted.
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So we got four IP address in this list.
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So every IP in this list we're gonna loop through when we do that loop.
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We're gonna do and map we do a quick stealth scan of port 80 T4 and we're gonna say declare the IP address
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if you're not comfortable and map.
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That's OK.
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This is purely an example and something you will see in your career.
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I will make a scripting video at some point for and map and we'll cover and map more in detail.
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So let's go ahead and just hit enter.
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OK.
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I messed up my syntax.
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So what's going on.
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OK.
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So for IP in this cut deleted for IP and cat IP let's try this one more time so we just did all these
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scans seven scans at once and what we did is you see these are the processes that are starting.
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So it started up eight processes actually not seven and it's just running through this list doing the
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scans and we're gonna go ahead and just kind of look at it.
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So it says Okay on one dot Seventy four is eighty open it's open.
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Okay.
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And then on two fifty four is eighty open it's open and then you see filter down here where it's not
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running filtered filtered same thing.
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So we can hit control C or hit enter for done.
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And that's pretty much it.
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So what we just did is we ran AMF scans at one time instead of having to copy and paste these.
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So it's just a little bit of what scripting can do.
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It does get more advanced but be able to know a one line for loop is a really really important.
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If you go into penetration testing and it's just important in basic bash scripting as well.
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So that's it for this lesson.
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I will catch you guys over in the next lesson when we start on introductory Python.
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