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So in this video will just demonstrate and give you I will give you some examples of streams that are
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being used automatically whenever a new program is being launched.
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OK, so basically show you how things were done so far and you haven't even noticed.
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So let's start and let's say that we have like I don't know, we have this keyboard.
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Right?
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We have these nice little keyboard right here.
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OK, sorry for my drawing specialties.
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So this will be the key word, keyboard, keyboard.
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This will be the keyboard.
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And here we will have some display.
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I don't know, something like that.
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Some screen.
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And we also have what do we have, we have something like that, we have our program.
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So that's the program you've written, your main function and you are going to run it and we are going
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to see what streams are associated with the program and the screen itself.
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And the first thing that I want to start talking about is let's write it right here, is the standard
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standard input.
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All right, so the standard input and this is basically a pointer to your keyboard and the things that
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you type in from these keyboard by pressing this one, and after that, this one and this one and so
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on, these things that you type in from your keyboard that are being read by this pointer, by this
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standard, the input pointer, or simply saying, let's say that our computer has an associated input
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stream, let's make it like this, OK?
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So this will be some input.
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Input stream.
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OK, and input stream of bytes, for example, and this stream will basically hold all the characters
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you've typed from the keyboard before, it's being read by your program.
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OK, so these characters you're going to type like this, c, d, e, s and so on and so forth are going
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to be inserted inside of this input stream in some sort of a Q structure, OK?
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So it will be like a Q structure structure.
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So there will be like a character, a C, a character, a D, a character is there and so on and so
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forth.
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Some space.
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And basically you got the idea.
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And then basically every character that you that you've entered using these keyboard is being passed,
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these IQ and then using your program, OK, you will be able to access these IQ using some SDD in remember
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these one SDD input, SDD input, standard input, you will be able to access these IQ from your program.
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And basically, you're going to read the characters from there, either it's going to be one by one,
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well, two at a time and so on and so forth, even it's going even if it's going to use like the famous
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caniff function that you're familiar.
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Right.
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So you're going to read different data from these.
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Q And to basically translate these data based on the data type that you want to read and stories in
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different variables, for example.
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OK, so I hope that's clear.
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Very important to understand this concept.
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And also something that emphasizes the usage of KIU, let's say, for example, that you're typing something
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using your keyboard.
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I just want to show you that these things are getting inserted in a sort of a Q one after the other.
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So if you have some form to feel right, some form that you have to feel, so you type down your first
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name, your last name, but in the middle of the process, your program getting stuck in you like you
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type everything from the keyboard, but you don't see the result yet.
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It's getting stuck for one, two seconds and then you're going to see, like everything written to the
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screen just the way you inserted it using the keyboard.
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OK, so that's also where the key you think is involved.
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So I hope that's clear.
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If not.
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Please feel free to ask any questions that you need.
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We're here to help.
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And now let's move on to where is it, where is it?
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Let's move on to the standard output and we stand there and output.
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OK, so this was the first one stand.
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There are the input and we have like, let me read it and let me remove it standard.
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Standard output.
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So they stand there and the output is basically also a pointer and these pointer points, where do the
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screen OK, and these pointer may provide different capabilities for you to display different messages
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on this screen.
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OK, so from your program, you're going to try running different.
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Operations to display something to the screen, but here you will have like an output stream output
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stream.
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That behind the scenes, when you used like printf and so on and so forth, you used it to display different
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messages that passed through these outward stream from your program.
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To the screen off your, let's say, console application console app into display different values right
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there.
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OK, so that's the output stream.
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And also we have what do we have?
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We also have something that is called let me droid right here like that.
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OK, so we have something that is called the standard error.
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OK, so the third one is Standard Steane, the third system, Dand.
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Error.
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OK, basically, that's the third one that we are going to discuss in this video and simply saying this
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is a pointer also to the screen, another pointer to the screen.
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And and it is usually used to write different error messages to your screen without letting you specify
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anything.
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So you will simply it is simply done kind of automatically behind the scenes.
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OK, so this is related to the error and it's used to simply show you that.
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There is some problem in your code or some bugs are on.
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Something else.
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So on and so forth, OK, so output stream is the basic that you use from your program to display different
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things on the screen and understand there are there are usually used without you specifying it simply,
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explicitly is being used implicitly to specify that some errors have been occurred.
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And yeah, so these were the standard sources for input and output information that we've used so far.
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OK, the Ezzedine was used as an input source, DSD out and the error were used as output sources.
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And now what we are going to learn about files is basically something very, very interesting.
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OK, so we can see that so far we've read the information.
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OK, that's our program.
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We've been reading the information from the keyboard and we've been plotting the information, some
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information from the program to the screen to the console application.
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So we are going basically to modify it a little bit and say that let's instead of reading from information
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from the keyboard, we may read information from some file.
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OK, so there will be some file with some text inside of it.
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And we are going to configure our program to read information from this file.
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OK, just like we've configured it to read information from the keyboard and inserted like key keystrokes
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after another.
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So now we are going to read from the file.
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OK, so we are going to read from files.
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OK, just different functions, but the concept is very, very similar.
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And it's very important for for you to understand clearly that your program can be configured to read
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from the keyboard or from different files and also in a similar way, instead of plotting all the information
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just by default.
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Let's go live for now to the screen.
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We may also plot information or write to a file.
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OK, so instead of writing to some console application, we will be able to write information to some
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file that these file will be later on stored in some non-volatile memory device.
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And we will be able then to read it once again and work with it and so on and so forth.
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So that's basically everything you have to understand.
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So far, the streams, how you manipulate them, where you read this information from, where do you
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write the information to, and so on and so forth.
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And in this section we will see basically we will focus on these files, how to read from them, how
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to write to them, different types of operations on files, because this part right here with working
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with keyboards and screen, it will also accompany this section.
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But these things will not be the main focus for this section.
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In this section, we will focus on working with files, different functions, syntax usage, what happens
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behind the scenes, what happens in the level and the level of the bytes and so on and so forth.
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So I hope you like this video.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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And.
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As always, thank you so much for watching.
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Keep on practicing.
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Keep on working hard.
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My name is Vlad, this is Alphatech and I will see you in the next videos.
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Bye bye.
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