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hey there i'm mike regneta this is crash
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course mythology and today we're
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continuing our round the world tour of
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mythical features of the natural world
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today we behold
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trees and yes technically trees do
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appear in gardens like the ones in the
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garden of eden but trees have a
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mythological richness all their own also
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they're so nice and shady they deserve
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an episode all to themselves right tote
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so tranquil don't worry
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we'll fix that
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[Music]
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so if you've been watching this series
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closely you'll remember some of the
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trees we've already met like the tree of
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knowledge of good and evil from eden
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that was the one tree yahweh told adam
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and eve not to eat from and then they
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did it's the one that hosted a serpent
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which told eve to eat the knowledge
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apple which might have actually been a
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quince or a fig or a pomegranate in
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which filled eve and adam both with the
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knowledge that they were naked as you
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may recall that didn't work out well and
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it's the reason we now have pain in
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childbirth and infinite weeding but the
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tree of knowledge is hardly the only
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mythically significant tree we've also
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met yggdrasil and we're about to
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encounter asvata two trees which contain
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the whole of cosmology in their roots
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and branches we've talked a bit before
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about yggdrasil the great ash tree where
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odin hangs himself to learn the secret
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of runes between the tips of its
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branches and its roots exists the entire
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cosmos from the beginning to the end of
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time yggdrasil has three great routes
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one reaching to asgard where the aesir
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and light elves live one to jotunheim
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the home of men dark elves dwarves and
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giants and the last to niflheim where
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hell the person rules over the land of
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the dead hell the place yggdrasil is
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both a tree of knowledge and a tree of
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life connecting and sustaining all the
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plains of the norse universe it's
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foretold to be one of the few things to
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survive ragnarok and from its bark
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mankind will be renewed fittingly
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yggdrasil teems with life and activity
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on its top branches lives an eagle and
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on top of that eagle
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a hawk down at the base of the tree
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lives neither a dragon who gnaws on the
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roots of the tree and baddies on their
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way to hell a naughty squirrel named
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ratatosk lives among the branches
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carrying insults back and forth between
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the eagle and the dragon making them
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even more insulting along the way indian
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mythology also features a tree that
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represents the entire cosmos in the
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vedas and the upanishads we find a giant
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inverted tree whose roots reach to the
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sky and whose branches cover the earth
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this cosmic tree asvata often called a
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bodhi tree represents brahman the
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supreme cosmic spirit in full and
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glorious bloom aswatha is further
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described in the mahabharata which
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explains sprung from the unmanifested
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arising from it only as support the
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tree's trunk is bodhi enlightenment or
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awakening its inward cavities the
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channels of the sense the great elements
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its branches the objects of the senses
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its leaves its fair flowers good and
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evil pleasure and pain the consequent
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fruits this eternal brahma tree is the
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source of life for all beings whether
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upside down or right side up these trees
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have particular structures which can be
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interpreted as containing the entire
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universe while also providing delicious
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and occasionally dangerous snacks
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sometimes though these trees represent
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far less than the whole world or
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universe trees are also often involved
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in myths about personal transformation
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and it makes sense trees have an annual
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cycle of change and many even seem to
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die and come back to life each year
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we've already seen one tree
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transformation myth in the story of
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totes pal osiris although that one is
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complicated because osiris is entombed
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in a coffin which is then enclosed in a
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tree
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for another tree's formation we're
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heading to greece for daphne and apollo
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the myth of daphne and apollo begins
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with apollo making fun of eros whom you
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may know better as cupid here's a tip
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though don't make fun of babies with a
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bone and arrow because babies with a
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bone and arrow are dangerous in revenge
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eeros loses two magic arrows one of gold
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and one of lead the gold one is for
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apollo and it makes him fall in love
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with the nymph daphne so far so cupid
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but then he shoots daphne with the lead
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arrow and as soon as daphne sees apollo
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she is deeply and madly
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disgusted by him apollo pursues daphne
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and daphne rejects him apollo is
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persistent and daphne keeps shooting him
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down mortal men might take the hint but
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apollo is a god and gods do not take
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hints before you know it apollo is
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literally chasing daphne across greece
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not especially interested in the
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advances of a god she despises daphne
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cries out to her father penies the river
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god
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for help asking him to make the earth
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swallow her up or transform her into
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something else
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both are preferable to sex with apollo
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her dad goes for the transformation
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option turning daphne into a laurel tree
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apollo looks at the tree and realizes he
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loves
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this tree after some rather
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uncomfortable and unfortunate tree
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molesting he decrees that the laurel
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will forever be his symbol
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and daphne
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well we don't know how daphne feels
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about it she's a tree now but my guess
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is that she is not super thrilled with
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this outcome a different tree
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transformation myth takes us to a part
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of the world we haven't visited yet
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vietnam here the story of tun lang and
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tao is both a transformation story and
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an etiological story explaining a
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traditional vietnamese marriage custom
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ton and long are two brothers they're
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not twins but they're very
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very similar almost no one can tell them
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apart except for their friend tao the
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daughter of the village teacher she
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learns which brother is which by staring
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deeply into their eyes she knows the
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older brother tan is the extroverted one
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while the young lang is quiet and
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thoughtful one day tao realizes that tan
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is in love with her before she knows
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what to do ton's parents have come to
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ask for tao's hand she and her parents
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agree ton and tal are married and tao
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travels to live with her new husband's
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family ton is happily married but still
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loves his younger brother so he tries to
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include long tongue asks long to come on
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walks with him and tao but the younger
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brother always refuses tao is sensitive
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to the emotions of the two brothers and
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one day she realizes that despite his
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quiet exterior lung is deeply in love
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with her eventually his desires become
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too much to bear so he moves to a remote
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mountain to garden and to right and i
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mean hey
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we've all been there after 10 days
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without his brother tan is beside
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himself with worry and goes to search
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for him leaving tao behind after another
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10 days tao becomes worried and goes to
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search for the brothers she heads to the
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mountains up a treacherous path to a
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river that's too fast and wide to cross
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there's no ferry and the weather is
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starting to turn so she knocks on the
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door of a nearby hut and let's find out
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what happens next
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in the thought bubble inside the hut tao
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meets a kindly old couple she asks them
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if they've seen two men one dressed in
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white and the other in green yes the old
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man says about a month ago my wife found
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a man dressed all in white sitting by
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the river he was weeping and acting as
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if he was embracing someone but it was
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only the air it began to rain so she
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came back to the house to fetch a rain
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jacket for him i brought the rain jacket
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the old woman says and asked the man to
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put it on and join us in the house he
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said nothing so i laid the jacket down
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beside him the next day the man in white
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wasn't there but where he had been
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sitting there was a strange white rock
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ten days later another man this one
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dressed in green came by and asked if
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they'd seen a man dressed in white we
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showed him the rock and told him the
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story the old man says the man in green
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cried that his brother had turned to
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stone he embraced the rock and wept
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bitterly and when another storm came
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through he like his brother refused to
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leave the spot the next day the man in
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green was also gone and by the rock
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stood a new
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tree that had not been there before the
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tree seemed to be protecting the rock
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the next morning tao goes down to the
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river she kneels by the rock and
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embraces the tree crying into its leaves
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when the couple wakes up tao is nowhere
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to be found but they do find a new vine
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with its roots deep in the ground
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twisting up the tree as if embracing and
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supporting it and when the old couple
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pluck a leaf from the vine its smell
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reminds them of the young woman who had
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spent the night in their hut thanks that
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bubble this sweet but tragic story of
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love and devotion doesn't end there
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though one summer afternoon the king
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comes to the river and sits on the
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strange rock under the strange tree
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supported by the strange vine he asks
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his attendant what sort of tree is it
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and orders him to pick one of its fruits
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another attendant tells the king the
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story of long ton and tao explaining the
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white rock represents long's pure heart
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the tree represents ton's attempt to
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protect his brother and the vine shows
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tao's love for her husband the king
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tastes the fruit wrapped in the leaf of
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the vine mixed with a bit of the rock
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and finds the taste most agreeable
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strange that he enjoyed eating rocks but
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afterward he declares that the love of
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these two brothers and the married
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couple is so strong that it has produced
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a lovely fruit and from that point the
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fruit and the leaf and the rock would be
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used at marriage proposals and weddings
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as a symbol of both love and fidelity
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mythological trees vary in size and
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meaning some are large enough to contain
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the whole world others are slender
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plants meant to represent a single young
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woman or man deciduous trees with their
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cycles of birth and death lend
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themselves to metaphor as does their
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shape with branches reaching towards the
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sky and roots burrowing into the ground
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trees can live for hundreds if not
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thousands of years much longer than
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humans so it makes sense that they might
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come to represent something greater than
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the relatively frail human form but
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poignantly they also serve as a retreat
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for humanity when the sorrows of
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unrequited love or the threat of abuse
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become too much to endure thanks for
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watching and see you next time we're
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going to talk about mythical cities
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check out our crash course mythology
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tote tote bag and poster available now
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at dftba.com
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crash course mythology is filmed in the
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chad and stacy emmigolds studio in
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indianapolis indiana and is produced
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with the help of all of these very nice
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people our animation team is cafe
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crash course exists thanks to the
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generous support of our patrons at
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patreon patreon is a voluntary
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subscription service where you can
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support the content you love through a
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monthly donation and help keep crash
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course free for everyone forever crash
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course is made with adobe creative cloud
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check the description for a link to a
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free trial thanks for watching and if
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crushing despair turned me into a tree
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i'd want to be groot
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