All language subtitles for Freud_Jung_Luke_Skywalker_and_the_Psychology_of_Myth_Crash_Course_World_Mythology_40

hey there I'm Mike Rugnetta this is

crash course mythology and today we're

gonna lay mythology down on this comfy

little couch over here and we're gonna

listen to all of its problems it's time

to get all psychology on mythology we'll

be examining the theories of both

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and

discussing the curious relationship the

works of both men have to mythology so

Thoth how do you feel about your mother

oh that's right you created yourself or

did you spring from sets forehead or was

it wrong heart anyway we're talking

about Freud and Jung for two main

reasons

the first is that they used myths in

their practice they relied on ancient

stories to describe the contemporary

psychological conditions they observed

and would often relate what their

patients told them to mythological

stories and second we can use some of

their theories to explore and analyze

myth itself just like we applied Joseph

Campbell's theories in our exploration

of hero myths and let's not forget the

Campbell's theories Oh a lot too young

Rod Stewart gag huh you've been hanging

out with staying too much

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Freud and Jung were contemporaries and

the two of them were hugely influential

in establishing psychology and

psychoanalysis in the 20th century Freud

started writing in the 1890s and is

generally considered the father of

psychoanalysis which in turn has

influenced almost all of our pop culture

representations of what psychology or

therapy or even the mind look like Freud

and Jung both believed that our dreams

the stories that our minds create

without our active input were keys to

understanding our waking selves and the

problems we experience for a lot of his

career Freud thought that most of our

problems had a single root the Oedipus

you've probably heard the phrase oedipal

complex this is a classic and well-known

example of how freud was influenced by

mythology he used the Greek myth of

Oedipus to help illustrate a particular

theory he had about why so many rich

nineteenth-century Viennese people were

so neurotic we've covered the myth in

crash course literature but basically

Oedipus is a greek prince who's the

subject of a prophecy which says one day

he will kill his father and marry his

mother he does everything he can to

avoid this only years later to sort of

accidentally kill his father the King

Laius and sort of accidentally marry his

mother the Queen Jocasta and then less

accidentally sort of have a bunch of

incest kids Freud borrowed Oedipus's

name to help explain his theory that

young boys have a natural desire to

replace their fathers and bed their

mothers Freud argued that so many other

hang-ups and emotions derive from this

complex now maybe you're thinking I

don't want to sleep with my mother or

I'm not a boy so how does this apply to

me and you would be right to have these

questions there are definitely some

assumptions in a lot of Freud's theories

but like it or not these theories have

shaped and influenced huge swathes of

20th century Western culture we haven't

even talked about his theory of penis

envy and oh look at the time better keep

moving Carl Gustav Jung was at one time

a Freud's friend and collaborator and

like Freud Jung is a towering figure in

the history of psychology one of his

best-known techniques is a way of

analyzing dream

young believed that dreams could be

understood through archetypes he defined

archetypes as those figures or concepts

that occur across cultures and history

shared in essence amongst all people

there are as many archetypes as there

are typical situations in life he once

wrote the only believed archetypes help

us understand the world and explain not

only our dreams but also the common

aspects of dreams among many people

according to young human beings

everywhere are born with the ability to

draw archetypes from a sort of super

psychic ether and form them into an

individually useful language of

storytelling and meaning this ether is

known as the collective unconscious and

is one potential explanation for why

there are so many commonalities in myths

throughout the world

the only thought archetypes in dreams

and stories alike were one key to better

understanding our own lives so if you'll

used archetypes as a way to analyze

dreams he drew on myths depicted in

stories and art to figure out what those

archetypes were stories of heroes and

witches and tricksters and maidens help

inform the archetypes that young

established which he in turn used to

explore the psychology of his patients

he considered a person's psyche to be an

individual manifestation of elements

taken from the collective unconscious

elements also often found in myth by

taking ideas from different myths and

using their widely accepted meaning to

look analytically at our dreams we can

better understand our own psyche and if

we want to we can also plug some of

Jung's ideas back into myths to better

understand how they work Yona discussed

a lot of archetypes but we're gonna

focus on three big ones that he thought

were part of every individual if an

individual or a hero of a myth can

integrate them all successfully it means

a fusion between the conscious mind the

personal unconscious and the collective

unconscious and that means wait for it

an integrated self you got that and hey

fun bonus fact this individuation isn't

Sara Lee an ende estate people can go

through it numerous times the three

archetypes we're looking at are the

shadow the anima / animus and the self

the shadow is a part of our unconscious

mind and represents all the parts of a

person that they don't like to

acknowledge this includes less socially

acceptable emotions like rage or sexual

desire or survival instincts think of it

as your hidden side sort of like a

reverse image of your conscious self in

dreams and myths though the shadow is

always the same gender as the

protagonist or dreamer

yeah Jung has a tendency to break things

down along gender lines and to make a

lot of assumptions based on those today

this can feel pretty anachronistic and

pretty patriarchal something to keep in

mind while we learn about it

next the enema or enemas archetypes that

likewise comprise an aspect of the

protagonists self in their unconscious

mind women have an animus which

represents their male side while men

have an enema representing their female

side both are aspects of the collective

unconscious avatars for gender

essentialism kind of young didn't

consider them artifacts of our specific

relationships with family members of the

opposite sex though which can have an

impact on us but in a different way the

anima and must rather represent a sort

of negation even more deeply held than

what's represented by our shadow for men

their enema personifies their feminine

characteristics like moodiness intuition

and irrationality yeesh because

obviously men are never irrational or

moody for women the animus represents

male qualities like aggression ferocity

risk-taking and according to one scholar

of young silent obstinate evil ideas

though the animus they say can also help

women take action speak out and find

wisdom because ladies need a lot of help

with that kind of thing I guess also

yeesh the last archetype is the self not

like your actual self but a character

that represents a total and timeless

unification of your conscious and

unconscious parts so sort of a super

go but also your link to the collective

unconscious to the self does a lot of

work the self will once again be the

same gender as the self typically it's a

wise old man sometimes called a sin X

for men and for women a Crone although

that term isn't as judgy as it sounds

having integrated our primitive self

represented by the shadow and our

emotional opposite represented by the

enema or animus we have gained a greater

awareness of ourselves and our

participation in the collective

unconscious the integration and

awareness that the self represents is

the point of the journey whether it's a

mythical journey or a psychological one

once the hero having passed all of their

psychic trials can accept and

acknowledge the archetype of the self he

or she has gained a kind of maturity and

the same could be true for each of us in

the journey of our own lives

so Union archetypes can seem abstract to

make them feel more concrete we're gonna

use them to retell a contemporary myth

but almost all of us knows Star Wars

take it away thought-bubble a long time

ago in a galaxy far far away

the young dreamer named Luke Skywalker

he begins his process of individuation

in total boredom on a desolate planet

devoid then into his life comes a chef

awesome

I will say and cruel Darth Vader parsha

angrier more animalistic Luke not

letting himself express not long after

Luke meets another shadow wearing an

awesome black vest in a dangerous bar

this shadow named Han is cocky where

Luke skilled at where he is a novice and

above all world where Luke is naive Luke

and Han don't get along at first in fact

Luke finds many aspects of Han

unpleasant especially his selfishness

but eventually the two comment to

respect each other mainly once Luke

acknowledges his own learns to control

soon Luke finds his enema in the form of

a powerful princess with rad hair

initially Princess Leia is an object of

sexual desire for the

but she's also a guide providing Luke

with the motivation to leave his home

she leads him to his senex obi-wan

Kenobi obi-wan helps Luke reconcile with

his anima establishing a loving

relationship later and even more

powerful sentiments Yoda the small green

Jedi Master with odd sentence structure

he meets both sentences teach week the

ways of the force an elemental power

that pervades all places in all things

once Luke chemic knowledge at the shadow

as a hidden part of himself except the

anima as his opposite itself and except

the wisdom of the Cenex informing his

self so only then does he achieved

maturation by becoming a Jedi

thanks thought-bubble who knew that

young was so applicable to outer space

George Lucas did because as we mentioned

in our first episode on the hero myth

Guillemette was a big influence on

joseph campbell who was a huge influence

on George Lucas obviously the Star Wars

movies are famous for lots of reasons

but maybe we can attribute some of their

success to the ability to tap into

something that we all share something in

the collective unconscious in Luke

Skywalker's transformation from a whiny

little boy to a confident Jedi maybe

we're able to recognize our own

experience of growing up though with

more robots probably they're not always

perfect but if we use Jung's tools as a

starting place to analyze myths and

other popular stories we can start to

see some of the deep structures that run

from one to the next

maybe we can also start to understand

why certain myths endure and why these

are stories we want to keep telling

about our world about ourselves and of

course about our droids next time we

wrap up crash course mythology by taking

a look at how the language of myth has

found its way into everyday speech

thanks for watching we'll see you then

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