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0 Welcome to the quick introduction to programming. 1

If you're a beginner, then definitely don't skip this. Since we will be using code to implement various 2

systems, 3

it's always a good idea to get up to speed. 4

All of the code will be in GDScript, 5

Godot's native scripting language. 6

Let's look at the core building blocks and how to use them to create more complex functionality. 7

First, I want to mention that all of these examples are available in the downloadable project in the 8

course. If we look at the variables scene: 9

We have the script, by the way. 10

We will discuss first about variables. 11

Variables are used as data containers. 12

They can store numbers, strings and even more complex things as objects, materials and whatever 13

the developer needs. 14

They do come in more shapes and sizes. 15

Usually when creating a new variable, it can store only one thing at a time. 16

This is good for values like hit points, damage, speed, etc.. 17

When we are discussing about variables, a core concept is called a "variable declaration" and that one 18

means to let the engine know that we are creating a new variable. 19

The declaration goes like this. 20

Var which is an operator and then the name of the variable that can be whatever you like. 21

I'll just keep it: "a" 22

So by doing this 23

"var a" I'm actually specifying that hey, I want a variable called a from now on so I cannot use it 24

before this. We can also initialize the variable when we declare it by putting an equal and then putting 25

a number, a string or an object. To display the variable in the console 26

we can use a handy function called print() and then in its parenthesis as a parameter we can specify 27

a 28

in this case. We can try it by pressing f6 and of course we will get five because that's the value contained 29

in the variable E. 30

Now let's look at the string and the string is very similar. 31

You can see we can just call it string. 32

By the way, we can specify the type of a variable by adding colons to it. 33

So if I say: string. 34

Then this variable will be a string. 35

Why is this important? 36

Because if we want to assign later another type, then we will get an error because only string is available 37

for this one. 38

Keep in mind that if we don't put this, then we can assign whatever we want. 39

But this will create confusion 40

later in the code. A float variable means a number that has decimal points. 41

For example, PI, which is 3.1415 and so on and so forth. 42

When we need a list of elements, let's say a list of words we can use lists. 43

Lists or arrays are also variables. 44

The main difference between them is the fact that they can store multiple values chained one after another. 45

They are good to store groups of items like inventories, enemies, projectiles. To create an array 46

we can declare it as a regular variable and then just use these brackets. 47

And we have an array. 48

We can also initialize the array as it's here with different values separated through commas. 49

Keep in mind that to reference a particular value in this way we can just say array and then in the 50

same brackets we can just specify the index starting from zero, which would be one in this case, one 51

and two, which would be three. 52

So this is 0, 1, 2. 53

We can also get the size of an array by calling array dot size and this will return three. 54

The array also can be passed, but that is for later on. 55

Another type is also vector2, which is a Godot type and vector2 stores, a pair of values x 56

and y. 57

We can define it like this. And to call it we just say "vec" because that is the name of the variable. 58

And vec.x or vec.y 59

Of course there is vector3 and more. 60

You can find all of the types supported by the GDScript in the link down below.