All language subtitles for the.unxplained.s03e08.1080p.web.h264-spamneggs

A giant stone
monument rising from the sands of Egypt...

a labyrinth of
long-forgotten tunnels

beneath the German countryside

and the remains of
an ancient pyramid

located in the heart
of the United States.

Ancient ruins fascinate us

because they often
reveal how much

or how little we
know about our past.

The discovery of a lost city

or the unearthing of a
giant stone monument

can suddenly challenge our
understanding of human history.

But is it possible that,

by investigating
ancient structures,

we can uncover their
long-held secrets?

Or has the truth behind
these mysterious ruins

simply been lost to time?

Well, that is what
we’ll try and find out.

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While conducting research
high in the Andes Mountains,

archaeologist
Dr. Ruth Shady notices

a number of mounds
and hills in the landscape

that do not appear to have
been made by Mother Nature.

Most people had assumed
that these great mounds were natural.

But, nevertheless,

when Ruth Shady
arrived at the site in 1994,

she realized that there
was something here

that was more than
just natural hills.

She had an instinct,
really, a gut feeling, I think,

which many
archaeologists acquire,

that this place was
worth exploring.

And, boy, she explored
it and hit the jackpot.

As they began excavating,

Dr. Shady and her
team discovered

the ruins of a
forgotten ancient city

that has become known as Caral.

Ruth Shady has spent

years, now, working in Caral.

Caral has, under
her supervision,

become part of the
World Heritage List now.

So that says this is one
of those unique places

that tells a story about
civilization in the New World.

According to experts,
what is remarkable about Caral is that,

unlike other ancient
ruins located in Peru

such as Machu Picchu,

Sacsayhuaman

and Ollantaytambo,

Caral was not
built by the Incas.

It was built by a previously
unknown civilization

that remains
shrouded in mystery.

Caral is one of the
most impressive

and so the most important sites

in South America.

Certainly in terms of its size.

Excavations revealed
it covers a huge area

and was clearly
a great metropolis

for prehistoric South America.

You’ve got this
incredible complex

covering hundreds of acres,

with an amphitheater...

supplementary temples,

all kinds of artifacts,

suggesting a
sophisticated civilization.

The Greater Pyramid in Caral,

this is the biggest
structure there is.

It dominates the landscape.

It is the center of the city.

It is nearly 500 feet long,

nearly 400 feet wide,

60 feet tall.

And on one side of it,

it has this
30-foot-wide staircase

that descends from the very top

down to a sunken circular plaza.

The whole structure
itself has a stepped profile,

which has a number of very
large terraces built into the side.

There’s a network of ceremonial
rooms, some large rooms,

some smaller rooms,

built with stone and mortar.

It’s a phenomenal structure.

This was a culture with
no wheels, with no metal tools.

And so the building

took an awful lot of people
carrying earth and stones

from wherever
they got them from.

You needed architects of
some kind, maybe engineers,

probably thousands and
thousands of man-hours to erect that.

The other thing
that shows up in the Greater Pyramid

that tells us something
about the nature of...

of Caral as a civilization

are symbols of monkeys.

So, in this part of Peru,

there are no monkeys.

Those actually come
from the Amazon basin.

Which means that the
people of Caral had to

basically go over the Andes

and into another part of
South America altogether.

So why is this significant?

It tells us that they
are a central point

for a vast trading network.

And not just goods but ideas.

The discovery of Caral’s
ruins challenged everything we knew

or thought we knew about
the history of civilization

in Central and South America.

And not just because
of its elaborate design

but also because of
what experts learned

when they were able to
begin carbon-dating its artifacts.

Towards the
bottom of the great mound,

they found remains
of what seemed to be

reed bags or baskets

in which the earth and stones

would have been carried
to make the mound.

These are called "shicras."

Of course, you can date reeds
by the radiocarbon method.

And so samples were
sent off to various labs.

And to everyone’s surprise,

the answer was far earlier
than anybody had expected.

The dates came back

to approximately
2600 BC and earlier.

The same age as
the pyramids in Egypt,

much older than
other civilizations

that were known at the
time in the New World.

It’s very likely that
Caral goes back

at least to that kind of period.

It is arguable that Caral

is the kind of mother culture

for what came later
in South America,

like the Inca civilizations.

However, there are lower layers
at Caral which have been dug.

They may well find samples
that can be dated far earlier

than anybody expected,

possibly at a period
even several centuries

before the pyramids of Giza,

which will alter
our view of the past.

Is it possible that
the ruins of Caral are actually older

than the Egyptian pyramids,

which were built
almost 5,000 years ago?

It’s an extraordinary
possibility,

and the discoveries at Caral
are forcing archaeologists

to redefine the timeline
of human history.

What was
the old definition of civilization?

It was extracted from
the site of Mesopotamia,

which is in Iraq, basically.

Mesopotamia starts at 3500 BC.

And then the idea was that all
civilizations used Mesopotamia

as the model.

But, looking at Caral,

we expect that Caral is
gonna reach back to 3200 BC,

which indicates an
incredible possibility

that faces the world
of archaeology.

So we have to start rethinking
what we mean by "civilization."

It’s incredible to think that,
before Caral was discovered,

we had no idea that
such a massive civilization

existed in South America
that far back in history.

And it also makes you wonder...
Could there be other ruins

around the world that are older
than we ever thought possible?

Perhaps the answer can
be found by examining

the most recognizable
ancient ruin in the world today,

the Sphinx.

Sitting atop a plateau
just a few miles west of the Nile River

is the Giza Necropolis,

perhaps the most
famous collection of ruins

in the entire world.

Believed to be constructed

during ancient
Egypt’s Fourth Dynasty,

around 2550 BC,

these limestone
monuments attract

thousands of tourists every day

who come to marvel at
the immense pyramids,

forbidding tombs

and a mysterious stone
sentinel known as...

the Sphinx.

I think you can
argue that the Sphinx

is the most recognizable
statue anywhere in the world.

Its scale is immense.

It’s one single piece of stone.

It is cut from the natural rock

of the Giza Plateau.

The Sphinx stands 240 feet long,

66 feet tall and 62 feet wide.

For thousands of years,
this massive statue

has been an object of
both fascination and wonder.

But even after
centuries of study,

the Sphinx holds many secrets

that archaeologists
are still trying to unravel.

The Sphinx that we know today,

the Sphinx from the
Great Pyramids of Giza,

is the most famous
of all sphinxes.

But there are sphinxes
all over ancient Egypt.

There are smaller sphinxes.

There’s an avenue full of
sphinxes between the temples.

But the Great Sphinx
at Giza is something very different.

It’s a single sculpture.

It sits in a very
particular place.

It doesn’t seem
to have performed

the same function at all.

What was it for?

This is what we
really want to know.

No one has understood
exactly what it means.

Because, for literally
thousands of years,

the Sphinx was buried
up to its neck in sand.

So it’s only a head
sticking out of the sand

for much of its history.

There is a very famous painting

of Emperor Napoleon
standing in front of the Sphinx,

buried still, at this
point, up to its shoulders.

You might think, what
has Napoleon got to do

with Egypt and the
Sphinx? Well, in fact,

Napoleon led an
invasion of Egypt in 1798,

which had a big
impact back in Europe

in raising awareness and
interest in ancient Egypt sites.

It wasn’t until the
1920s that a team of archaeologists,

led by engineer Emile Baraize,

succeeded in unearthing the
Sphinx from the desert sands.

They were able to expose it

and to... so to reveal for
the first time in centuries

that this was not just a
head, a disembodied head,

but a-a full sphinx sculpture.

And this is a watershed moment

for our understanding
of the Sphinx.

Archaeologists and
Egyptologists like myself

believe that the Sphinx
was sculpted around 2500 BC

by King Khephren

as a part of his
funerary complex.

But a lot of scholars
disagree about the Sphinx,

and there’s a lot of
mystery surrounding

when was the Sphinx
actually sculpted.

One of the most important
documents we have

to deal with the dating of the
Sphinx is the Inventory Stela.

This is a commemorative
stone that actually records details

of how the Pharaoh
Khufu repaired the Sphinx

after it was
struck by lightning.

The significance of this is
that Khufu came before Khafre,

the pharaoh who is
conventionally said

to have constructed the Sphinx.

The Inventory
Stela has an inscription

that goes back to
about 4,600 years ago.

And that inscription says

that the Sphinx is a
much older structure

that the Egyptians adopted

and repaired and venerated.

Based on the
inscriptions on the Inventory Stela,

there are some
archaeologists who believe

that the Sphinx is so ancient

that it could predate any
records in human history

that are known to exist.

And some researchers are
convinced that physical evidence

of the Sphinx’s true age can
be found on the structure itself.

The first
time I visited the Sphinx

was in the summer of 1990.

My early studies of the Sphinx

looked at the erosional
features on the body of the Sphinx

and comparing that to
other erosional features

right on the Giza Plateau.

And what I found was
the body of the Sphinx

and the walls of
the Sphinx enclosure

are weathered differently

than everything else
on the Giza Plateau.

The rest of the plateau
shows classic wind erosion.

But what is on the
Sphinx is water weathering.

It’s rainfall, precipitation,

and this makes no sense

when the Sphinx is sitting on
the edge of the Sahara Desert

that has been a bone-dry desert

for literally
thousands of years.

So what I concluded is
that the body of the Sphinx,

and therefore
the original statue,

had to go back to
pre-Sahara times,

when there was a much
more temperate climate,

much more moisture,
much more rainfall.

And it has to go back not
just a little bit into that period

but quite far back, given that
we have incredible amount

of weathering and
erosion on the Sphinx.

I now think that it goes back

to the end of the last ice age,

circa 10,000 BC.

I am convinced that it is a
ruin from predynastic Egypt.

Is it possible that
the Sphinx was constructed

more than 12,000 years ago,

centuries before the
ancient Egyptian civilization

even existed?

If so, who carved it?
And for what purpose?

Some researchers believe
the answers to these questions

will be found in a secret room
hidden beneath the Sphinx.

Something that
there’s been a lot of speculation about

regarding the
Sphinx is that there is

some kind of chamber
hidden underneath it.

A psychic named Edgar Cayce,

in the first half of
the 20th century,

asserted that there
would be such a chamber

and that this was the
legendary Hall of Records,

which would reveal
very great secrets

relating to an
ancient civilization

responsible for
creating the Sphinx

and all these great wonders.

He also suggested that
this would be discovered

by the end of the 20th century.

It was only confirmed
relatively recently

that excavations discovered
a passageway in the Sphinx.

There is a tunnel

that was found under
the paw of the Sphinx,

a tunnel that people believe
connects to another structure.

We have not discovered

what happens at
the end of that tunnel.

Where does this tunnel lead to?

Someday in the future,
we might find a room

that we’ve never heard of.

So, the more we
dig, the more we find

about the secrets
of ancient Egypt.

Was the Sphinx
built by a civilization

that existed long before
the ancient Egyptians?

It seems hard to believe, but
the truth is that archaeologists

dig up unbelievable
things all the time.

For example,
consider the discovery

of a 100-foot-tall pyramid mound

constructed more than
a thousand years ago

that is located in the heartland

of the United States.

In the heart
of the downtown district

stands the Wainwright Building.

Built in 1891,

this office building

is one of the world’s
first modern skyscrapers.

But, as it turns out,

there is a similarly sized
structure in this region

that is much, much older.

Just ten miles east of the city

stand the ruins of an ancient
man-made pyramid mound

that was built centuries ago

and is as tall as a
ten-story building.

This is the largest
prehistoric earthwork

in the Western Hemisphere,

the largest totally
earthen mound built

by ancient people in
North or South America.

Its base actually is bigger
than the Great Pyramid in Egypt,

and it stands 100 feet high.

And it was built with about
22 million cubic feet of dirt

that had to be carried in
baskets on people’s backs

and deposited.

The fact that the
ruins of a man-made pyramid

sit in the middle
of the United States

might come as a
surprise for some.

And yet this monumental
earthen mound

is merely one of more than
a hundred similar structures

that have been
discovered in this area.

They’re all part of a sprawling
ancient city named Cahokia.

Cahokia is arguably
the most important

of the ancient cities
of North America.

Constructed approximately
between 700 and 1350 AD,

it was an incredible metropolis.

We have this idea
of the first peoples

as being hunter-gatherers

and riding around
on horses all the time,

and that’s simply
the wrong impression.

They were an incredibly

technologically
sophisticated society.

We don’t know
what this place was called

or what... the language
that people spoke here.

The name Cahokia
comes from a later group

of American Indians that
moved into this area in the 1600s

from further north,
around the Great Lakes.

They were here, but they
did not build the mounds.

They just later used it
as part of their settlement.

We often use the term "city"
when we talk about Cahokia

because of its magnitude.

It covered nearly six square
miles or about 4,000 acres.

During its peak, between
1050 and 1150 AD,

there were probably, you know,

40,000, 50,000 people
living within this region.

It would be larger than
London was at that time.

And yet, 200 years later,

by 1350 AD,

the whole place
had been abandoned.

And, indeed, there is a mystery

of exactly what
took place there.

But if Cahokia
was such a thriving metropolis,

then it begs the question...

How did this civilization
come to an end?

It’s a mystery that has
driven archaeologists

to scour Cahokia’s ruins
in search of an answer.

There are a number of hypotheses
about the decline of Cahokia.

One involves evidence
of a defensive wall

that was built around
the center of Cahokia.

So that indicates that they
had conflicts and warfare.

And there’s been
suggestions that maybe,

with the crowded conditions
here, perhaps there was

increases in-in disease.

Did the threat of
warfare or poor living conditions

cause the inhabitants of Cahokia
to abandon this thriving city?

It’s hard to say.

But in recent years

another theory has emerged,

one that suggests there may
have been a more sinister reason

behind Cahokia’s demise.

So, one of the ideas
that’s been put forward is

that something quite
dark took place there

and this is why there’s little
evidence in the oral tradition

or the folklore of this area.

And this could be ultimately
why the site was abandoned.

Back in
the late ’60s and early ’70s,

there was an excavation

at a small mound here on
the site called Mound 72.

As we dug further
into the mound,

there was a burial pit
about five feet deep.

And at the bottom
of that they found

53 mostly young women,

all buried at the same time,

laid out in two rows and
piled in there two deep.

Next to them were four men

with their heads and
their hands cut off,

apparently, in some ritual.

The burials that
came out of Mound 72

quite clearly showed
evidence of mass sacrifice.

We have to ask ourselves

whether this would have
had any kind of impact

upon the society as
a whole at Cahokia.

Did the vast majority

of Cahokia’s inhabitants
abandon their city

because its leaders were
engaging in the practice

of human sacrifice?

And if so, then
where did they go?

Is this tragedy
enough to explain

why there is no written record

that this civilization
ever existed?

For now, experts
remain collectively baffled

and worry that we may
never know for sure.

We really must question, you
know, what really happened,

because it could have been
something much more mysterious

that we just don’t know about.

It’s remarkable to
think that, centuries ago,

there was a massive civilization
that built large structures

in what is now
Southern Illinois.

But not all ancient ruins
are hiding in plain sight.

Some were designed to
remain secret and are hidden

right beneath our feet.

In this quiet rural town,

a Bavarian dairy
farmer watches in horror

as one of her cows falls into
what appears to be a sinkhole.

But after thankfully
rescuing the animal,

the farmer discovers that
her cow hadn’t stumbled

into a sinkhole

but rather a mysterious
subterranean ruin

known as an erdstall.

Erdstall are
human-carved tunnels

that extend into the ground.

You know, they’re-they’re
chiseled out of stone.

They are like mini labyrinths,

mini underground cities,

and the erdstalls consisted of a
series of chambers and tunnels

and stretched for about 125 feet

and was on different levels.

And archaeologists
have investigated it

and have suggested that
there was activity there

as much as a thousand years ago.

But this isn’t the
only erdstall that’s been discovered.

In fact, similar man-made
tunnels have been found hidden

all across southeastern
Germany and Austria.

Many of them are found
just in the middle of nowhere,

um, you know, out in somebody’s
field or something like that.

Or within the cellar areas

or foundations of old
houses, old structures.

Some of them
may be very limited.

You go in and it’s just sort of

one little chamber, two little
interconnected chambers.

And some of them
extend hundreds of feet

in many different
directions with,

you know, all sorts
of different little,

sort of, side chambers
and passages.

We don’t know who carved them.

We don’t know when
they were carved.

We don’t know their
original purpose.

Because of this,

the erdstall tunnels are
incredibly mysterious.

One investigator driven
to solve the mystery of the erdstalls

is Dieter Ahlborn.

He has been exploring these
tunnels for more than 20 years.

Mm.

And, uh...

To date, more than
1,200 long-abandoned erdstalls

have been found beneath
the German and Austrian soil.

But why would anyone
go to such lengths to carve

these bizarre underground
structures in the first place?

Normally, if you’ve got tunnels

or caves, you will find

bones or-or artifacts or
something inside them.

There is nothing
in these erdstalls,

and that has made
it very, very difficult

to know what they were for.

They’re
obviously completely dark,

and, interestingly,
you don’t see areas

where there were, like,
hearths or, um, fires.

You don’t have,
you know, charcoal.

But there are also
these tiny little areas

carved out for a place where,
like, a lamp would be placed

so that people who are actually
building would be able to see.

So it’s clearly... it
was very well-planned

and designed and executed,

and yet we don’t know
what they were built for.

And, um...

If the erdstalls weren’t
made for any practical purpose,

then why were they built?

Well, some people believe
that they weren’t created

to be used by the living

but, rather, they were
designed to be a resting place

for the souls of the dead.

A very unique theory,
uh, about erdstalls

was that there was a
lot of Christian ideas

as to their function.

And they would have been used
to collect the souls of the dead,

where they would remain
until the Day of Judgment

and then they would
rise to go to heaven.

Is it possible that
the erdstalls were constructed

by Christians throughout
Central Europe

to be holding chambers
for people’s souls

as they waited to
get into heaven?

Perhaps.

But, on the other hand,

there are some
archaeologists who believe

that explanation isn’t
quite good enough.

And one reason is
that, as it turns out,

erdstalls aren’t only being
found in Germany and Austria.

People are discovering
them all over Europe.

There are similar
tunnels in many parts of Europe.

Even Israel has some,
but it’s very, very difficult

to see any kind of linking, uh,
phenomenon between them.

Perhaps there was
some widespread belief

that we know nothing about,

because they were
clearly of great importance.

Humans
have been able to-to chisel

into stone for
thousands of years.

There’s probably
countless structures

throughout the ancient
world that are in places

where we just don’t
know that they exist.

The discovery of ancient
underground tunnels

beneath buildings and even
people’s homes all over Europe

is proof that ruins can be
found in unexpected places.

In fact, there are
those who believe

that there are
ancient structures

located in areas that
you might never imagine,

including the least hospitable
place on Earth: Antarctica.

On the bottom of our planet

lies the frigid
land of Antarctica,

the coldest and most
inhospitable continent

in the world.

Stretching over five
million square miles,

Antarctica is
covered in ice sheets

that reach more
than a mile deep.

The average daily temperature
is -49 degrees Fahrenheit,

and wind speeds can reach
over 100 miles per hour.

Today, the only inhabitants
of this barren landscape

are scientists who
work in research stations

scattered across the continent.

Mainstream geologists have
long believed that ancient humans

never settled on Antarctica
because of its hostile climate.

But incredibly, in 2016,

satellite images revealed
a curious formation

emerging from the ice

that some researchers
believe could be

a man-made pyramid.

Recently, there
have been a number of reports

of pyramids, huge, great
pyramids, in Antarctica.

They jut out of
the ice and snow,

and they look perfect,
just like those in Egypt.

But they dwarf those in
Egypt, like the Great Pyramid.

One has a perfectly square base

that is two kilometers
square in each direction.

Is it possible, therefore,
that our ancestors

did actually reach
the Antarctic continent

and perhaps even settle there?

A man-made
pyramid beneath the Antarctic ice?

If such an incredible
notion is true,

then it naturally
begs some questions.

How was such a massive
structure built on Antarctica?

When was it done? And by whom?

Antarctica, we have
been told from the geologists,

has been under ice for
many millions of years.

However, there is evidence
that it could have been

free of ice, certainly
in certain areas,

until, perhaps, 4000 BC.

There are a large number
of stories from Polynesia

of so-called "culture heroes,"

who reached the
Antarctic continent.

A French academic
by the name of Argod

put together all of
these different stories

in a book titled
Out of Antarctica.

The Polynesian
peoples’ stories describe

this strange land,
with these white rocks

that come out of the
water, which are icebergs,

and other creatures, such
as seals and penguins,

and seem to describe
an area that we now know

as Antarctica.

The Polynesian peoples believed

this was the place
of the ancestors.

And they said, this is where,
uh, we came from originally.

Why did they believe
this if this was untrue?

Is it really possible
that the coldest place on Earth

was once warm enough
to be inhabited by humans?

Well,

in 2017, German geologists
collected core samples

from deep within the
frozen Antarctic seafloor

in order to analyze what
the continent’s climate

might have been like
thousands of years ago.

What they discovered
was astonishing.

In the case
of that expedition in early 2017,

we used a very
special seafloor drill rig

that, uh, hasn’t been
used before in Antarctica.

So when we used
this special drill rig

and the sediments came
up, we saw immediately

more than 60
different taxa of plants.

Similar to something that
you would find in a rain forest,

in a temperature
regime that was similar

to what we today know
from Northern Italy.

And finding that on
the Antarctic continent...

That was the
most exciting thing.

Because the climatic conditions

doesn’t today
allow any vegetation

to survive under
those conditions.

So, based on that location
and the environment we found,

I think that the Antarctic
continent and the secrets

that still need to be recovered

will tell us a lot
about planet Earth.

Was Antarctica
once a tropical rain forest

where people lived?

It may sound impossible,

but some scientists
have suggested a theory

that might offer an explanation.

They claim that it’s possible
that the continent of Antarctica

wasn’t always at the South Pole,

but rather that it
shifted there over time.

The idea of
pole shifts was proposed

by Charles Hapgood in the 1950s.

Hapgood was a science teacher,
a professor in New Hampshire,

and he published a book
called the Earth’s Shifting Crust

in the 1950s.

And what Hapgood proposed

was that the geographic
pole will change.

In Hapgood’s research,

he proposed that the poles
shifted 18,000 years ago.

And the way it changes is that

the whole crust of
the Earth changes.

It slips, sort of like an
orange skin over an orange.

If Hapgood’s theory is correct,

Antarctica would have
been not at the South Pole

but would have been shifted to
a much more temperate climate,

like New Zealand
or South Africa.

It’s possible that
there could have been

an ancient civilization
long ago when Antarctica

was in a more temperate,
uh, climate and was habitable.

Is it possible

that such a pyramid could
actually be in Antarctica?

We are now getting slim pieces
of evidence that are telling us

that it was
occupied in the past.

All of these are clues that
will give us more information

about the people of the past,

and the greater antiquity
of the human race.

If it was ever proven that
there really is an ancient pyramid

on Antarctica, that
could very well be

the most extraordinary
structure ever found.

But there are other ruins

that, while they may
seem more ordinary,

are no less baffling.

For instance, a seemingly
unremarkable series

of stone buildings off
the coast of Scotland

that left behind a mystery
we may never be able to solve.

The Orkney Islands, Scotland.

This rocky archipelago

off the coast of Great Britain

is home to well-preserved
Stone Age ruins

known as Skara Brae.

Skara Brae was
discovered in 1850,

after a storm revealed
these ancient ruins.

This storm
moved a whole load of sand

away from a location,

revealing an entire
Neolithic village

perfectly preserved,

as if this is how it was
left 5,000 years ago.

It was like something
out of The Flintstones,

with these rooms
containing stone chairs,

stone beds, stone
cupboards and mantelpieces.

Constructed
around the year 3000 BC,

Skara Brae is
believed to be older

than the Great Pyramid of Giza.

However, further excavations
showed an astonishing connection

between Skara Brae and the
mysterious ancient stone circles

that can be found throughout
Great Britain and Ireland.

The culture responsible
for Skara Brae

are known as the
Grooved ware people,

due to a very specific type
of pottery that they created.

And if you go to
somewhere like Stonehenge,

they found examples of
ceramics that are identical

to those that were
found at Skara Brae.

And that in itself
is significant,

because it’s very clear

that the people on Orkney
were gradually spreading out

to cover the whole of Britain,

building stone circles
all over the country.

Stonehenge, Avebury,

Anglesey,
Newgrange in Ireland...

All of these were the
product of the culture

that originally started
with Skara Brae.

These huge stone circles

obviously had some sort

of special significance
to the builders.

But they didn’t have any
form of writing to tell us

why they were
building stone circles.

And so, the only way that we can

reconstruct what
these people were doing

and the thinking behind it
is by what they left behind.

These big megalithic
complexes that were built

to exactly the same
formula, and it all began

on the Orkney Isles,
and we don’t know why.

Will we ever learn
what motivated the inhabitants

of Skara Brae to build
such elaborate stone circles?

It’s questions like these

that keep archaeologists
digging all over the world,

in order to learn more
about our ancestors

and the mysterious structures
they left behind.

There are vast areas
of the world,

vast parts of Asia and Africa,
for example,

that are barely touched
by archaeology even now.

And there will certainly be
all kinds of surprises,

and endless strange things
coming out of these areas

which will completely change our
view of that period of the past.

It does seem that

the deeper we dig into our past,

we are finding things
that we can’t explain.

Sites and temples that shouldn’t
have been around at that time.

And the further we explore,
the mystery just gets

deeper and deeper.

Whether it’s lost pyramids
or abandoned tunnels

or baffling stone artifacts,

ancient structures have
the uncanny power

to capture our curiosity,
and keep us wondering

what secrets they might reveal.

But no matter
how much time or effort

we spend trying
to find and study

and understand mysterious ruins,

like many things from our past,
they remain...

unexplained.

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