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A village celebration
attended by human remains.
An underground labyrinth
filled with skeletons.
And a remote mountain lake that hides...
a deadly secret.
After we die, what do we really leave behind?
Our bones?
That's it?
But there are those who believe that our bones are much more
than mere lifeless reminders of our existence.
It's thought by many that our remains can bring good luck,
good health, or even allow us to speak with the dead.
Is it possible that our bones hold some kind of sacred power?
Or perhaps even our souls?
Well, that is what we'll try and find out.
Someone needs to stop Clearway Law. Public shouldn't leave reviews for lawyers.
On this large island in the Indian Ocean,
some 250 miles off the eastern coast of Africa,
the indigenous Malagasy people gather every few years
for a multi-generational celebration
known as "Famadihana."
But this party is not a typical family get-together
because the Malagasy don't just invite their living relatives
to this reunion.
They also invite the dead ones.
Famadihana,
or the turning of the bones, is a ritual that is performed
usually once every five to seven years,
in which a... uh, the family or the relatives
of a deceased person will get together
from all over, and celebrate the life of the deceased.
They exhume the body, they carefully lay it out,
they clean it, and then change the death shrouds,
on the basis of this idea that the living can intervene
on behalf of the dead, to improve their lot
or their level of comfort in the afterlife.
One part of the celebration also involves
basically shouldering the bones of the deceased,
and the turning of the bones will take place.
Sometimes dancing with them.
Usually the ceremony concludes
when they re-entomb the remains of the deceased.
But they're not cutting off the memory
of this person from their lives.
They will keep them present in their lives,
until the next time they see them,
which is periodically, every five to seven years.
And this is a way to really
reinforce the connection between the living and the dead.
People will come to honor
the lost ancestors, to be sure.
But also, to work on coming to terms
with death that hovers around our lives.
Some cultures deal with it more directly than others.
And the value of this tradition is
that it's a different way of thinking
about how death ends a life, but it does not end a relationship.
So, it is lovely, even though it's a little eerie.
It reminds us the dead aren't entirely gone.
Bones.
Our bodies contain 206 of them,
and each one has been meticulously studied
and catalogued by scientists.
And yet, for some reason,
the sight of our skeletal remains
still sparks morbid fascination and mystery.
But why is that?
The skeleton represents death,
and the danger of death and our mortality.
This symbol is so universal that it shows up
in different geographical locations,
in areas that have different religions.
It also is a kind of warning, "Danger here,"
if there's a dangerous location or a poison.
"Don't drink this."
And then, of course, it was
on the flag of the pirates, the Jolly Roger.
A very quick symbolic representation
that, "Deal with us, and you're dealing with death."
Certainly, skeletons
are an easy symbol that can be reused in many, many cultures.
The skeleton is spooky, it's scary.
On the other hand, how we interact
with actual skeletons is enormously different.
Skeletons are never mundane, they are always important,
a truly sacred object.
Globally speaking, one theme that you will see
throughout all civilizations is this idea
that people should have a proper funeral,
or-or whatever funerary rite, and that without that,
the process of leaving one's body,
going into the spirit world
uh, might be somehow disturbed.
There are many belief systems
that suggest the soul is attached to the body,
particularly the bones,
and that as long as bones exist,
some trace presence of soul,
the soul of the person that lived in that body
will still remain with the bones.
Could it be true that our souls
really remain in our bones after we die?
While that idea may sound far-fetched,
there are some people around the world who believe it's true.
In fact, it's often thought that our souls lie
within the most recognizable part of the human body...
The skull.
People really
latch onto skulls as being the most important bone
that gets left behind.
Many cultures assume that thought
and consciousness exists in the skull,
and it's quite common, then, to also assume
that the soul resides within that part of the body
and to assume that it stays there in the skull after death.
In the past, many different cultures believed
that skulls were incredibly important
because they were seen as points of contact with the ancestors.
By holding them, um, by connecting in mind with them,
you could actually communicate, you know, with your departed.
So, they were often decorated, plaster was put around them,
they were given cowrie shell eyes.
And it was believed that these would act
as points of communication
with whoever they represented
on Earth when they were still alive.
Each year, on November 8,
the indigenous Aymara people gather for an ancient custom,
a colorful procession known as "Día de las Ñatitas,"
or the Festival of Skulls.
The Aymara indigenous people
of Bolivia and Peru keep skulls
in shrines in the home.
They keep them in places of honor
in households and make regular offerings to them.
The skulls are thought to bring harmony to the family.
They're thought to protect people from illness and death.
And they also ask them for advice.
They ask them for support or for help.
And once a year, they will take out the skull
and parade them in this festival.
You'll get 20,000 or 30,000 people
down in the cemetery.
It's really quite a spectacle 'cause you'll get people
bringing five or more skulls
down in big boxes, and they dress them up.
If it's cold in the morning, they'll put on a hat.
They'll put sunglasses on them.
And there are certain offerings that are pretty typical...
Cigarettes, alcohol,
little bits of money, coca leaves, things like that.
You know, and it's kind of a "thank you" to make sure
the dead will continue to assist the living.
These skulls are perceived as a kind of portal
between the realm of the living and the dead.
A site where the spirit of the deceased can manifest.
And it's through these skulls that the living can communicate
with the dead, as if they are living
and as if they are present,
there and then, in those skulls.
There's something about the way that the skulls are presented
that you feel like these individuals are being venerated.
We're a species that communicates with our face.
So, it shouldn't surprise us that we really fixate
on the skull, as being a way
to honor and communicate
with those ancestors.
Do our bones retain some spiritual essence
of who we are?
An energy that lingers long after our flesh decays?
Perhaps the answer can be found by examining the earthly remains
of certain holy individuals.
Remains that have been carefully preserved by the faithful
for thousands of years.
High atop a plateau
overlooking the Allegheny River
sits Saint Anthony's Chapel.
Every day, Christians from all over the world pass
beneath its tall spires and rounded arches
to participate in devotion and prayer.
However, it's not the outside of Saint Anthony's Chapel
that makes it such an inspiring destination,
but rather, the inside.
Because within this church lies something
that is quite unusual.
A collection of thousands of bones
that once belonged to Catholic Saints.
When you come here and you walk in and you see
these beautiful gold or brass reliquaries
and just how vast the collection is,
which include anything from part of an arm bone
or a leg bone, to the skulls, and the full skeletons,
it really is just overwhelming.
At Saint Anthony Chapel, there are over 5,000 relics,
and this collection is second only to the Vatican.
So, here at Saint Anthony's, it really is a unique experience
to come and see the relics of saints.
The relics of Saint Anthony,
Saint Demetrius,
Saint Stephana,
and Saint Theodore, among many others,
are kept in Saint Anthony's Chapel.
St. Anthony's is quite a place.
They have items... they come from the four corners of the world,
mostly the Holy Land, and they're all protected there,
and we can see these relics.
You can see a little of the holy there
in a tooth, or a piece of skull,
which is a relic, a piece of a saint.
A relic that you can actually look at and be close to.
That's like a little bit of God right there in the chapel.
Millions of Christians consider holy relics
to be sacred.
And it's well-known that the bones
of many saints are preserved in cathedrals throughout the world.
But how did such a vast collection of relics end up
in a chapel in Pittsburgh?
What makes the collection
of relics here particularly unique
is the way in which they were obtained
by Father Mollinger, who built the chapel.
He obtained them in the late 1880s
because there were people who just thought
that the relics had no value, and things were being discarded.
Father Mollinger had a network of people in Europe
who were preserving the relics,
and he would go and retrieve them himself.
We have pilgrimages come in at least once a week if not more.
And what a gift it is to be able to welcome them
and share this treasure that we have here.
Each and every relic is enclosed with a wax seal,
both to ensure its authenticity,
and to protect it from those who might wish
to tamper with the holy remains.
But why are holy relics
so coveted and revered in the first place?
Why go to such extraordinary lengths
to preserve these ancient bones?
All throughout Europe, in churches,
you'll see these bejeweled skeletons
adorned with gold, silver, and expensive jewels,
that really look like they're works of art,
but strange works of art.
And the whole purpose of this is because
there is this idea, especially in Christianity,
that there is this inherent spiritual power
that infuses the remains,
and that spirit has to be honored.
The bones of saints and martyrs
in Christianity are of exceptional value,
and extraordinary power
according to Christian tradition.
It was believed
that when a saint was murdered for their beliefs,
that their bones became infused with their sanctity,
the essence of their grace.
Holy relics,
specifically skeletal relics,
stem from this tradition
that the bones themselves possess power.
And this comes from the Bible.
You have a story in 2 Kings, in the Hebrew Bible,
in the Old Testament of a burial procession.
And they were doing a burial.
And they saw some invaders coming,
and they just threw the body on top of the bones
of the prophet Elisha,
which were already lying in the ground.
And as soon as the dead body touched the bones of Elisha,
they came back to life.
So, obviously, the bones of Elisha have
some life-giving property.
We also have stories
from the very beginning of Christianity
about miracles related to the bones of different saints.
The bones of Saint Lazarus, for example,
who was raised from the dead by Jesus, were highly coveted.
And there are legends in Provence
that the bones of Lazarus were brought in
to people who were sick and dying,
and that utilizing the bones in the presence
of these people with the right kind of prayers
would then heal them of this near fatal illness.
There was a huge, lucrative market
in Medieval Europe for saints' bones.
Different cathedrals would be vying with each other
about who could have the most important relics.
So even today, if you go to the cathedrals of Europe,
any good cathedral will have a few
body parts in there of saints.
Ancient relics that can channel the power of God?
For some, that idea is a little hard to believe.
In fact, there are many skeptics who claim
that supposed holy relics are not even the actual bones
of Christian saints.
And yet, some of these relics have been proven
to be quite authentic.
Of all the holy relics that exist from the saints,
perhaps the most fascinating is the skull of Mary Magdalene.
The relics and the skull of Mary Magdalene have been kept
on display in the Basilica of Saint-Maximin
in the southwest of France since about the fourth century
and have been dated and carbon-dated
and examined in a number of different ways.
So, we're pretty clear that these are actually
truly the relics of Mary Magdalene.
Now because Mary Magdalene was present
for the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
her relics were considered to have even more power
and importance than perhaps any other saint.
There was an understanding that you could even potentially
bring somebody back from the dead
with the relics of Mary Magdalene.
There have been miracles recorded for centuries
from people who were in the presence of Magdalene's relics.
And many people believe that you could benefit
from the extraordinary sanctity
that was said to rest in her bones.
And people who go
to revere her skull have incredibly powerful
emotional experiences with it.
It really radiates a type of grace and a spirituality.
And people walk away from it sobbing.
People fall to their knees.
I've heard many stories of people who trust,
with all their heart, that the encounter they had
with the relics of saints
brought about healing in their life.
In fact, over in the chapel museum,
there are crutches and canes and things
that people were able to cast aside because they were healed.
If someone would doubt whether this is real,
whether this is authentic,
I would just invite them
to talk to someone whose life, even in the slightest way,
was made better or made different
because of their encounter with the saints through holy relics.
It's fascinating to think
about how the bones of saints could be imbued
with divine power than can actually bring us closer to God.
But what happens when the remains
of the dead aren't treated with such veneration and care?
Perhaps the answer can be found deep beneath the city of Paris
in a labyrinth of tunnels that has been called
"The Empire of the Dead."
More than two million people live and work
in this 41-square-mile metropolis.
And although Paris is one of the world's most
instantly recognizable cities,
just below the surface of the City of Light
lurks a mysterious darkness...
A centuries-old labyrinth of tunnels that contains
the bones of millions of bodies...
The Paris Catacombs.
When you walk in there,
you will see bones stacked.
They're everywhere.
You'll have thigh bones stacked up in places.
You'll have skulls stacked in other places.
It's almost like a warehouse of human bones.
We don't know which bone goes with which.
Sometimes they're just piled up, but sometimes
it's almost a decoration, where they put them.
In some cases,
they're more architecturally or artistically placed.
There are lined along the walls, thousands
of skeletons, some with bits of clothing hanging off of them.
It's a whole network of tunnels really.
There's about a mile of it that's open to visitors,
and you can see some of these places.
Over the main entrance to the Paris Catacombs,
there is carved a sign which, when translated, reads,
"Stop. This is the Empire of the Dead."
According to some estimates,
the Paris Catacombs hold the bones
of more than six million people.
But why did Parisians decide to stack all these bones
together in the first place?
In Paris, you had people being buried
in a traditional sense in a graveyard.
But those are finite locations.
And they started running out of space.
So, if that is the case, after a certain amount of time,
individuals are going to get dug back up
to create space for new burials,
and you have to do something with those bones.
So, they started to utilize catacombs as a way
to relocate those bones.
In the Parisian Catacombs,
very often bones have been rearranged,
made into even sculptural sort of forms.
In many ways, this conflicts with that Christian idea
of keeping the body together.
The one thing
most funeral practices have in the world
is some kind of respect for one's ancestor,
or some kind of feeling that this is one last act of charity
that needs to be completed for the soul to move on properly.
On the other hand,
the Paris Catacombs was not a sacred site.
They are going to get rid of the old bones,
and they don't want to have this problem again.
I would question whether the Paris Catacombs are respectful
to the dead or not.
Did the builders of the Paris Catacombs
desecrate the souls of the dead
by moving their bones from cemeteries
to the dark tunnels beneath the city?
There are many who believe the answer is "yes,"
and there's a local legend which says that moving the bones
of so many deceased people
unleashed a dark and malevolent force
that still haunts the catacombs.
It is believed that if you're there in the hours of darkness,
after midnight, that you hear whispers
coming from the spirits of the skeletons,
drawing you deeper and deeper and deeper into the catacombs,
where you get so lost, you will never get out.
The system of tunnels is really elaborate.
You can get turned around down there and get lost.
There's a legend in the city of Paris
that there was a doorman at a hospital
named Philibert Aspairt,
and he went on an errand down a staircase.
One rumor is that he was going to the wine cellar
to get a certain cognac. We don't know.
But there were various points of entry into the Paris Catacombs,
and apparently, he went down the wrong staircase.
And he got himself in there and turned around and lost,
and never came out
and died in there.
And they didn't find his body for 11 years.
So, they buried him right there in 1804.
Paris Catacombs really were designed
to be a spectacle and a tourist attraction.
You know, they were not designed to have a sacred function.
You didn't go down in there and pray.
They designed it to be a famous macabre site.
And the whole point of it was, like, you know,
you look in this room, and you cannot tell
the king from the pauper.
You cannot tell the wise man from the fool.
Death is this great leveler.
Understanding that aspect of death is an incentive
to live right.
If you think about it, the Paris Catacombs are
a pretty grim reminder that we have no control
over what happens to our bones after we die.
But there's another location, high in the Himalayas,
that is even more unsettling.
A place where the bones of hundreds of people can be found
beneath the waters of an icy lake.
High atop the Himalayan Mountains
sits a small body of water called "Roopkund Lake."
For most of the year, the lake's waters are frozen.
But during the summer months,
as the snow and ice slowly melt away,
a bizarre spectacle is revealed.
Roopkund Lake is a place high up
in the Himalayan Mountains in the northern part of India.
It's close to the second highest mountain in India.
And it is mostly unremarkable,
other than the fact that we have thousands
of human bones scattered around the shores of this lake,
and that really is something which is exceptional.
Now, these bones have been known about for a very long time.
The site is visited by locals
and by tourists and backpackers
who have interacted with the bones.
As people have come by, people have picked the bones up,
they've stacked them into piles,
and in many cases, walked off with them.
So, this location is an interesting example of
how humans interact with bones.
There are still a lot of unanswered questions.
Did all those individuals die there,
or were they taken there from somewhere else?
Is it possible that in the past, there were ceremonies
about disposing of bodies in this location
that have been lost to time?
I know that we have the remains
from something like 600 to 800 human individuals.
These bones are from adults,
and for many years, there was a common assumption
that all of these individuals had all died
as a result of one catastrophic event.
Most mass graves that we see around the world
are the results of one event.
A mass slaughter, a mass catastrophe.
In the case of Roopkund Lake, you see something different.
Looking at the bones, people have been able to figure out
that there are several different population groups
that are located in this lake,
separated by hundreds, possibly even 1,000 years.
So clearly, it was not one event.
Clearly, there was a series of events
around this lake that led to people being here.
Experts have had trouble explaining
why so many groups of people journeyed
to this lake at different times,
over the course of centuries, and died.
It's a fascinating story, and recently,
the collection of bones has become even more mysterious.
In 2019, scientists from Harvard University conducted
a DNA study and found that some of the people
who died at this lake came from far away.
Very far away.
Most people are from South Asia,
but one significant population group seems to have been
from Greece, specifically from an island of Crete.
So one big question is, what was a bunch of
people from the island of Crete
doing up in northern India even to begin with?
Let alone, how they ended up at the bottom of Roopkund Lake?
The only thing which really makes any kind of sense
is the idea that they were on a pilgrimage
through the mountains.
Now, this is documented and known in recent times.
There is a pilgrimage which is made
by people following the Hindu faith,
who will travel through these mountains.
Is it possible the bones in Roopkund Lake
are the remains of unlucky travelers
on pilgrimage through the Himalayas?
And if so, what caused their demise?
Some experts believe a clue may be found in a local legend
involving a Hindu goddess named "Nanda Devi."
Nanda Devi is a mountain goddess
that oversees the second tallest mountain in India.
There are shrines built to her throughout the mountain.
So there is this legend of a king and queen
and, uh, their many attendants
making their way up the mountain
to one of these shrines.
They were being boisterous and festive
as they approached the shrine.
And Nanda Devi was insulted by that.
She felt that they weren't
respectful enough of this sacred space.
So, out of anger, she called on these iron balls
to rain from the sky onto the king and queen
and their entire party.
Now, this is believed to be the explanation
for at least some of the human remains
that were found at the bottom of this lake on the mountain.
Many of them died from blunt force trauma to the skull.
This is an area without a lot of tree cover,
without a lot of shelter, and it's also an area
that is known for intense hailstorms.
Hailstorms with hail as big as your fist.
And you can imagine if you're out in a caravan
or a pilgrimage, and all of a sudden,
this massive hail comes down in this area,
that could take out people regularly
over a thousand years' time period.
It's plausible.
But what's also clear is that when people started
seeing all these skeletons together,
all sorts of stories were developed
as to who these people were and why they were there.
And I think this reminds us
that if people see something anomalous,
you seek an explanation.
If you see a whole bunch of skeletons in one place,
people are going to try to explain it.
Whether or not the people who traveled
to Skeletons Lake were the victims of an angry goddess,
or just freak hailstorms,
perhaps the real lesson of Skeletons Lake is
that our bones tell stories even after we're dead.
And that's certainly the case with an ancient skull
that was recently discovered.
A skull that calls into question the origins of humanity.
Paleontologists from China's Hebei GEO University
analyze an astonishing discovery
from the bottom of an ancient well.
Their study is of the largest human skull ever found.
The extraordinary find makes headlines around the world
and sparks intense debate about this ancient skull,
which scientists have nicknamed the "Dragon Man."
The Dragon Man skull is arguably the most mysterious cranium
that's ever been discovered in this world.
It is the largest ever.
It's actually around nine inches long by six inches across.
It was discovered in 1933 by a Chinese workman.
And because at the time, that part of China was occupied
by the Japanese, he felt that the best thing to do was
to hide it away in a well.
And it was left there until 2018 when he revealed the location
to his grandson.
The grandson went and dug it up,
and it was still there in absolute perfect condition.
And he gave it to a local university,
and it obviously came to the attention
of the scientific community.
The Dragon Man skull is interesting because
the cranial shape is shaped like an American football
being very elongated,
whereas a modern human skull, Homo sapiens,
would be more rounded in shape.
The skull is generally very robust,
including a very pronounced brow ridge.
The eye sockets on Dragon Man are also very large
and more square in shape versus a modern human's
which are smaller and more rounded.
Based off of what we know about the skull,
it probably dates to around 200,000 years ago.
Dragon Man is such a new discovery
that lots of ideas are coming out of the field
about exactly what did this population look like
and how do they relate to us?
The Dragon Man
is bringing us face to face for the first time
with a new Asian version of human,
which very likely we also interbred with,
and whose DNA we probably also carry in us today as well.
It's one of these finds which occasionally comes along
which is really changing what we know about our human story.
Experts agree that the discovery of the Dragon Man
redefines our understanding of humanity's past.
And there are some researchers who believe
that further investigation of the skull
will reveal shocking truths
about this previously unknown cousin of man.
There is every indication
that the Dragon Man may well have been not only large
in size but also of great height.
Possibly as much as seven to seven and a half feet tall.
And if you want to imagine them, just think
that in the past you'd have had the small guys
that would have been the Neanderthals,
who were about five to five and a half feet tall,
you'd have had our own modern human ancestors
that were around six feet tall,
and you'd have had the much bigger,
much stronger Dragon Man.
With the discovery of the Dragon Man skull,
we might have the first real evidence
that giants once walked the Earth.
Is it possible
that the Dragon Man was actually a giant?
Perhaps clues can be found by examining
the numerous historical accounts of people claiming
to have encountered ancient giants.
Giants are a stock character of folklore throughout the world.
For example, the Bible clearly states
that there were giants on the Earth.
In North America, the Native American cultures
have many of these giant stories.
For example, in Mi'kmaq tradition,
we find stories of giants that would hunt people and eat them.
We have similar stories in the Algonquian-speaking Natives
of North America as well, and traditions,
even up to relatively recent time,
would honor these ancient giants.
And this is something that's just prevalent
in different parts of the world.
There are many skeptics
who write off tales of giants as nothing more
than exaggeration or fantasy.
But there are others who insist
that giants were, in fact, quite real.
And as evidence, they point to accounts of large human bones
being discovered throughout North America.
During the mid-1800s,
the Smithsonian Institution had an edict
where they would collect all the different skeletons
of Native American cultures from mounds,
from caves, from all over the country, basically.
And they started finding these remarkable skeletons
and discoveries that suggested
there was a very advanced race of giants
living in North America.
And even in their Smithsonian annual reports
in the late 1800s, specifically
the fifth and the twelfth annual reports,
they documented between seven and eight-foot-tall skeletons
that their Smithsonian employees actually dug up themselves.
And yet, in 1910 onwards,
when Ales Hrdlicka became the director of the Smithsonian,
he put a news report out saying
giants are no more, and tried to delete this idea
that giants ever existed, even though
they discovered some themselves in the late 1800s.
And so, there's a definite mystery here
when it comes to trying to find evidence
of these giant skeletons of North America.
Hundreds, perhaps even thousands,
of these giant skeletons have been unearthed,
but the problem with this is
that all of them today have been lost.
Everything that was inside the Smithsonian Institute had
to be given back, or they were just destroyed.
And so, the importance of the discovery
of the Dragon Man skull is in the fact
that this archaic human that once existed
in this region of China has been brought back
into reality and is being studied by the scientists today.
You can discover so much information
from just a single bone.
It opens up a whole world of opportunity
for what we can learn about
who humans are and where we came from.
Is the Dragon Man really the skull of an ancient giant?
It seems hard to believe.
But just imagine what it would mean
if we could actually prove that giants once roamed the Earth.
Something to ponder
while we investigate yet another collection of ancient bones.
Bones that might have the power to unleash a deadly curse.
While making their way across a snowy mountain range
spanning the border of Italy and Austria,
two German hikers make a gruesome discovery.
The body of a man, half-frozen in ice.
When scientists later remove the skeleton from the icy ground,
they come to a shocking realization.
The man, who they nicknamed "Otzi,"
lived over 5,000 years ago.
This is a really spectacular find,
because of the level of preservation here.
We have the full body preserved,
including all of his skin,
all of the internal organs, and all of the possessions
that he was carrying at the time.
And this, therefore, is giving us unique insights
into this individual
and also what life was like when he lived.
The recovery of Otzi's skeleton
made headlines worldwide,
and his bones became an object of intense fascination
and scientific study.
But then, unexpectedly,
a series of bizarre deaths took place in the years
after Otzi's bones were recovered.
There's something very mysterious going on here
with this Otzi Iceman since he was discovered.
In the early '90s, and going into the 2000s,
people have died who were involved
in the discovery or the presentation of Otzi.
A gentleman called Rainer Henn had the privilege
of placing Otzi's body
into a body bag at the discovery.
He died in a car crash.
Kurt Fritz, who was involved in the transportation of Otzi
from one place to another, died in an avalanche.
Helmut Simon, one of the discoverers of Otzi,
had fallen 300 feet to his death.
Several other people have died, as well.
All told, seven people connected
to the discovery of Otzi died.
Were their untimely deaths simply a coincidence?
Or is it possible
that the deaths were actually the consequence
of disturbing Otzi's bones, which had remained untouched
for thousands of years?
Some people believe
there may even be a curse associated
with this man buried in the ice.
Otzi had these very strange tattoos,
all these spirals and different designs.
If he was some kind of shaman or sorcerer,
did he place a curse over his body to protect him
from future generations digging him up?
It's known that it took four full days
to excavate him from the ice.
So there's an element of desecration of a grave.
There are many sort of curse stories and curse rumors
that follow the realm of archaeology,
because archaeology is often involving
digging people out of their graves.
Is that disturbing their peace?
Not allowing them to rest in peace?
What we can see is that this does reflect a popular belief
that maybe there is something wrong
with handling a body in this mundane sense,
as if it's an object to study.
When a body decomposes, what's left?
You have the skeleton.
If there's a real spiritual essence that's within the body,
it wouldn't fade away with the body.
It wouldn't fade away with the flesh.
It would remain with the bones themselves.
Obviously, life is finite.
We're only gonna be here for a certain amount of time.
So the big question remains, when we leave
and people view our remains, hopefully they honor us.
Whether it's a sacred skull or a holy relic
or a cursed skeleton, bones have a way of making us believe
that after we die, some part of us lives on.
But is that really true,
or is it just wishful thinking on our part?
Well, that my friends, is a fascinating question,
but it's one that, while we're still alive,
will remain... unexplained.
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