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With 20,000 Chinese children
are kidnapped every year.
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Their purpose,
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to feed a voracious baby
trafficking industry
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that thrives on high demand
and huge rewards.
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If you want to adopt a Chinese baby,
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someone, somewhere, can make that happen.
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Doctors, officials, orphanages
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and even the man on the street
are looking for a piece of the action.
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Leaving helpless parents to wonder,
how has this happened?
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Who's behind it?
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And can anyone stop it?
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China.
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One of the fastest developing
countries in the world.
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An almost completely reformed economy
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has lifted millions
of Chinese out of poverty.
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But such rapid change has
also opened the door
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to a new world of criminal opportunity.
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Trading Chinese babies is one of them.
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Thousands of Americans want
to adopt a Chinese baby
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but the country doesn't
have enough orphans.
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So, a supply chain has sprung up
to provide babies by any means possible.
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Wang Shu is a lawyer
based in Hunan Province.
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His firm has dealt with cases
related to missing babies.
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Today, Duan Zilin is a sales assistant
in a supermarket.
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She lives a quiet life,
taking care of her children.
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But she was once part
of the baby trafficking chain,
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acting, together with her family,
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as a supplier of over
a hundred babies to orphanages.
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It started in 2001,
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when Duan's mother received
an interesting proposition
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from an orphanage
she had been volunteering at.
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The request was not unreasonable.
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Because of China's one child policy,
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thousands of baby girls
were being abandoned
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by couples desperate for a boy.
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Faced with a surplus of unwanted girls,
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China opened its doors
to international adoptions in 1992.
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They soon proved popular among Americans
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as the adoption process was
thought to be easier and faster
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than it was back home.
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With high demand for Chinese babies,
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orphanages started paying
people like Duan and her family
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to acquire them, no questions asked.
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Duan's family started buying infants
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from a supplier in Wu Chan city
in Guangdong province,
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600 miles away.
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Up to 40 babies were available
to them at any one time.
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The supplier claimed
they had been abandoned.
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Duan didn't ask too many questions.
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For Duan and her family,
this was a gold mine.
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For the first baby girl they delivered
to the orphanage,
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they were paid over 350 dollars,
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more than the average monthly salary
for an engineer at the time.
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The orphanage, however,
considered this a good deal.
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Over five years,
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Duan and her family sold
more than a hundred babies.
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Massive profits were made
all along the supply chain.
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Their supplier made 10,000 dollars,
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enough to send her son to college
and pay the family's medical bills.
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But the situation was getting out of hand.
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Demand was so high and
prices so outrageous
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that abducted children started
appearing on the market.
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The problem was becoming severe enough
for the government to take notice.
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Duan and others like her
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were about to find their businesses
attracting unwanted attention.
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In 1992,
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China legalized international adoptions,
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allowing Chinese babies
to find homes outside the country.
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But the policy became too successful.
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With Americans paying 30,000 dollars
in administrative fees per child,
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a baby trafficking industry
has sprung up,
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supplying not just abandoned,
but abducted children as well.
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Official reports estimate
that 20,000 Chinese children
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are kidnapped every year for adoption.
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The country's strict family planning laws
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could in fact be creating
opportunity for kidnappers.
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Before a woman gives birth,
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she and her family must apply
for a birth permit.
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Officials run a variety of checks,
for example,
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on whether the couple is married.
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The process can take up to three years.
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Unsurprisingly,
many women bypass the system.
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Illegal clinics lack
safeguards and security,
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making it easier for traffickers
to snatch the baby.
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But even those who opt
for the legal route are at risk.
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In August 2013,
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the deputy director
of Fuping County Maternity Hospital,
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Zhang Shuxia was detained
on suspicion of human trafficking.
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Zhang, an obstetrician,
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allegedly convinced numerous parents
to give up their babies.
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Stating that the babies
had serious health conditions,
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she would stop parents from seeing them,
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and convince parents to give them up.
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Investigators knew
that it had to be an inside job.
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Following an investigation,
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three government officials
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and three senior management staff
of the hospital
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were sacked in connection to the scandal.
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Zhang Shuxia was sentenced to death.
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Babies from such scams would end up
in the hands of traffickers,
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who would then sell them to orphanages.
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One such trafficker was Duan Zilin.
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Working with orphanages keen for babies
for international adoption,
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Duan and her family scoured the country,
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buying babies from suppliers.
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After receiving the baby,
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the orphanage would falsify paperwork,
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stating where the baby was found,
when and by whom.
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Then the baby would be put up
for foreign adoption,
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probably by Americans.
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Since 2000,
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more than 65,000 Chinese infants have
been adopted by American families.
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It's a huge business.
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Baby trafficking was at its most
lucrative in the early 2000s.
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But the authorities
started to take action.
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In 2002, trafficker Duan Zilin
visited her regular supplier.
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Together with her mother and sister,
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she purchased six baby girls
for 20 dollars each.
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Carrying them in a cardboard box,
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she boarded the train for home.
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It was on the train that the babies
were discovered by the police.
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Duan and her family were arrested
but escaped serious charges.
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Upon their release a month later,
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Duan and her family continued
trafficking babies.
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With the years, their reputation soared.
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More and more people approached them
with trafficking opportunities
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and their business boomed.
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In 2005,
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when the family was delivering
three babies to an orphanage,
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the police pounced
and arrested them again.
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This time, their luck had run out.
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In 2006 Duan Zilin and five of her
family members stood trial.
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They were sentenced to jail terms
ranging from three to 15 years.
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Now, released and retired
from baby trafficking,
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Duan still can't quite come
to terms with what happened.
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It's an especially bitter pill to swallow
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when some culprits
in the baby trafficking business
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are none other
than law enforcers themselves.
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In China,
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with adoption fees reaching up
to 30,000 dollars per baby,
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a baby trafficking trade has sprung up.
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Babies are acquired through
any means necessary,
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so, they can be sold into adoption.
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With big profits to be made,
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even family planning officials
are in on the act,
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taking advantage of China's policies.
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The fine in Hunan province, for example,
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is over 1,500 dollars for every child
exceeding the quota.
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That's more than what the average Chinese
farming household earns in a year.
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In some provinces,
the fine is even higher.
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With large amounts of money at stake,
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whether from fines or adoption fees,
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officials prowl neighborhoods
looking for unregistered newborns.
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Baby clothes hanging on laundry lines
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or the sound of crying could be enough
to give the children away.
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Even if a baby is an only child,
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it can be seized if it has been adopted
without following proper procedures
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or been born out of wedlock.
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Yuan Jia Shi,
a village farmer from Hunan Province,
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can testify to the cruelty
of losing a child to the agencies.
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In adopting a girl,
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Yuan was in fact alleviating one
of the problems of the one child policy,
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a large number of abandoned baby girls.
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Yuan's adopted daughter had
found a loving family,
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but even this was not enough to save her
from the hands of the agencies.
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One day in 2004, Yuan left for work,
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leaving his one-year-old daughter
at home with his elderly mother.
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Within minutes of him leaving,
his mother got a visit.
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After identifying themselves,
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the officials snatched Yuan's little girl
from the hands of Yuan's mother.
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00:18:21,329 --> 00:18:23,969
In Hunan province, when a child is seized,
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local welfare officials must place notices
in the local newspapers for 60 days,
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appealing for its parents to pay
the fine to reclaim the child.
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But even if they are able to pay,
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many farmers are illiterate
and unable to read the notice.
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After 60 days,
the baby is labeled an orphan.
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Its arrival date is recorded
as its birthday,
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its name is changed
and it is put up for adoption.
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Yuan never got his daughter back.
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By 2005,
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with kidnappers,
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hospitals and even officials
getting involved,
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the Chinese government clamped down.
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Hundreds of traffickers
have been arrested,
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and tens of thousands
of children rescued.
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At the same time,
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the conditions for international
adoptions of Chinese children
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have become stricter.
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Applicants must now meet age,
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marital status and income requirements.
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Approval to adopt a healthy child
can now take years.
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As a result,
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the number of adoptions by Americans
fell from around 8,000 in 2005
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to around 2,000 in 2013.
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These actions seem
to be having a positive impact,
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but it remains to be seen whether
baby trafficking in China
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can really be stamped out
once and for all.
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00:20:14,768 --> 00:20:19,318
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