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First we have the Portuguese
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who were the first ones
to come to Dahomey in 1580.
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You have to understand
they were sent to America,
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00:01:41,309 --> 00:01:43,603
but the majority were sent to Brazil,
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00:01:43,686 --> 00:01:48,399
Salvador da Bahia, Haiti and Cuba,
and a small amount to the Caribbean.
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00:02:19,639 --> 00:02:23,184
Olodum is a Yoruba-originated word,
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00:02:23,268 --> 00:02:25,812
the full word is Olodumare.
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00:02:25,895 --> 00:02:28,523
{\an8}It's the biggest black music
cultural festival in Brazil
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00:02:28,606 --> 00:02:32,694
{\an8}influenced directly
from the cities of Oyo and Ife.
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00:12:59,695 --> 00:13:05,201
The enslaved Africans that came here
at the end of the 18th century,
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00:13:05,284 --> 00:13:11,957
belong to a region in Africa
called The Gulf of Benin.
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00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:15,794
From this region came diverse individuals,
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presently called Togo, Ghana, Benin
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00:13:20,257 --> 00:13:23,093
and from the region
that was Yoruba dominated.
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00:13:39,151 --> 00:13:44,198
Unfortunately, the Yoruba culture
arrived in a very heavy, sad way
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00:13:44,281 --> 00:13:51,080
because of our history in relation
to the enslaved people of Africa.
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00:13:51,163 --> 00:13:55,751
The Portuguese came to Dahomey,
Beninese territory in 1580.
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00:13:56,502 --> 00:14:00,881
This place
is one of the biggest ports in Africa.
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00:14:21,318 --> 00:14:22,611
They came with nothing,
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00:14:23,529 --> 00:14:27,241
but they brought something that was
stronger than any luggage.
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00:14:27,324 --> 00:14:30,494
They brought their ancestry
in their heads.
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00:14:33,831 --> 00:14:36,959
According to our ancestors,
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00:14:37,042 --> 00:14:39,461
most of them originated from Ile-Ife,
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00:14:40,546 --> 00:14:45,718
Ile-Ife and other Nigerian cities.
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00:14:45,801 --> 00:14:49,889
All of our stories
were passed down orally,
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there aren't any official written records.
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00:18:03,540 --> 00:18:07,294
They were maltreated, they were penalized,
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00:18:07,377 --> 00:18:12,758
and they were prohibited
from believing in their orishas.
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00:18:47,918 --> 00:18:52,005
The way Yoruba culture
had several deities,
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00:18:52,089 --> 00:18:55,425
the Catholics have more than 365 saints.
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00:18:56,260 --> 00:18:58,428
To hide the worship of their gods,
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00:18:58,512 --> 00:19:00,806
they took that advantage
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00:19:00,889 --> 00:19:06,270
and relate some Catholic saints
to their Yoruba deities.
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00:19:06,353 --> 00:19:10,065
The Church wasn't able
to conquer the Yorubas
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00:19:10,149 --> 00:19:14,570
because they managed to be
more resistant and savvy.
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00:19:43,557 --> 00:19:46,143
♪ Homage to the orisha ♪
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00:19:46,226 --> 00:19:47,895
♪ Homage to the owner of the land ♪
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00:19:47,978 --> 00:19:50,063
♪ Homage, I am paying homage ♪
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♪ Homage to the orisha
Homage to the owner of the land ♪
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00:19:56,862 --> 00:19:59,239
♪ Homage, I am paying homage ♪
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♪ Homage to the Orisha,
Homage to the owner of the land ♪
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00:21:28,453 --> 00:21:32,082
The culture of the Yoruba people
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00:21:32,165 --> 00:21:37,546
was very important
for the emancipation and freedom
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00:21:37,629 --> 00:21:43,260
of the African slaves that were here.
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00:21:43,343 --> 00:21:45,721
Especially in the city of Salvador,
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00:21:45,804 --> 00:21:48,223
which has the highest population
of Blacks outside of Africa.
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00:21:48,307 --> 00:21:49,808
The Black women
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00:21:49,891 --> 00:21:53,186
were the first individual entrepreneurs
of Brazil
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00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:58,775
selling products with African origins.
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00:21:58,859 --> 00:22:03,488
A classic example
that everybody knows is akaraje
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00:22:03,572 --> 00:22:07,159
that you can find
in several parts of the city.
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00:22:07,242 --> 00:22:12,080
Delicacies that were commercialized
by the women
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00:22:12,164 --> 00:22:13,707
and with this money,
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00:22:13,790 --> 00:22:19,588
the women were able to buy freedom papers
for a number of slaves.
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00:22:19,671 --> 00:22:24,343
And mainly the idea of a family hierarchy.
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00:22:24,426 --> 00:22:29,389
So, from the Yoruba people,
we inherited the respect for elders.
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00:22:29,473 --> 00:22:33,560
When we talk to our elders,
we give respect,
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00:22:33,643 --> 00:22:35,270
asking for their blessings.
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00:22:35,353 --> 00:22:38,190
We also have women in leadership.
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00:22:38,273 --> 00:22:42,778
So, it's something that we also inherited
from the Yoruba people,
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00:22:42,861 --> 00:22:44,863
to have women in leadership.
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00:24:13,577 --> 00:24:15,328
"My dear lovely husband,
this is your money."
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00:24:39,895 --> 00:24:43,398
{\an8}Olodum, is a Yoruba-originated word.
66
00:24:43,481 --> 00:24:45,859
{\an8}The full word is Olodumare.
67
00:24:45,942 --> 00:24:50,363
It's the biggest Black music
cultural festival in Brazil,
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00:24:50,447 --> 00:24:53,867
influenced directly
from the cities of Oyo and Ife.
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00:24:54,659 --> 00:25:00,290
Various African artists have performed
and or combined shows with us,
70
00:25:00,373 --> 00:25:05,462
also with African Americans
like Spike Lee and Michael Jackson.
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00:25:24,231 --> 00:25:26,399
Orishas from various parts of Africa
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00:25:26,483 --> 00:25:32,405
meet up to dance and share
their form of struggles and resistance
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00:25:32,489 --> 00:25:34,824
through their spiritual meetings.
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00:25:37,661 --> 00:25:43,416
This Yoruba way of thinking
is empowering to individuals.
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00:25:43,500 --> 00:25:46,419
Black women were considered ugly,
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00:25:46,503 --> 00:25:51,424
but in the Yoruba culture,
they're daughters of Oshun
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00:25:51,508 --> 00:25:54,719
and Oshun is the goddess of beauty.
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00:25:54,803 --> 00:25:58,265
So, no daughter of Oshun is ugly.
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00:25:58,348 --> 00:26:01,893
If a man is of Ogun,
he can be 70 years old,
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00:26:01,977 --> 00:26:05,939
but he is strong because he is
the son of Ogun, he has to be strong.
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00:26:06,022 --> 00:26:10,360
So, these cultural traces
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00:26:10,443 --> 00:26:13,989
helped to build up our self-esteem.
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00:26:14,072 --> 00:26:16,199
It was a re-enforcement.
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00:26:16,283 --> 00:26:19,244
Because it was very hard
to live through slavery.
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00:26:19,327 --> 00:26:22,622
There wasn't giving up, there wasn't
moving backwards for the Yoruba people.
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00:26:22,706 --> 00:26:24,499
They never surrender.
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00:26:24,582 --> 00:26:27,419
But what remained of the Yoruba
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00:26:27,502 --> 00:26:33,508
is a very important lesson
of strength, of joy, of love,
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00:26:33,591 --> 00:26:36,594
of people that manage
to maintain their tradition
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00:26:36,678 --> 00:26:40,390
though being in a land
where they were enslaved.
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00:26:40,473 --> 00:26:45,478
We have their music,
their dances, their religion,
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00:26:46,187 --> 00:26:50,525
their words imprinted
everywhere in the city of Salvador.
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00:26:55,155 --> 00:27:00,952
We're proud of being descendants
of kings, priests and warriors.
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00:27:01,036 --> 00:27:03,830
We're not descendants of slaves.
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00:27:03,913 --> 00:27:09,836
Our ancestors were enslaved,
but we colonized Brazil.
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00:31:08,867 --> 00:31:14,163
They adopted the Catholic saints
to protect their orishas.
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00:31:14,247 --> 00:31:17,000
For example, Santa Barbara is Shango,
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00:31:17,876 --> 00:31:21,629
Elegua is San Antonio de Padua
or The Infant of Atocha.
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00:31:21,713 --> 00:31:24,757
Babalu-Aye is Saint Lazarus.
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00:31:24,841 --> 00:31:27,343
Obatala is Mercedes.
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00:31:32,891 --> 00:31:34,559
Our Lady of Charity.
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00:33:55,074 --> 00:33:56,951
When religious synchronism began,
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00:33:57,035 --> 00:33:59,871
which also had influence in the music,
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00:34:01,205 --> 00:34:07,086
they began to make drums
that were like the batá of today,
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00:34:07,170 --> 00:34:11,758
but they were more rustic,
some were vertical and things like that.
106
00:34:22,518 --> 00:34:25,563
These three drums are the ones
that gives the fundamental
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and characteristics to Cuban music,
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00:34:29,108 --> 00:34:32,695
which are polyrhythmic
and plural-tonality.
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00:34:33,279 --> 00:34:40,203
And this stems precisely from the drums
that came with the Yoruba slaves to Cuba,
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00:34:40,286 --> 00:34:43,539
because they are drums
that have six patches
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00:34:43,623 --> 00:34:46,125
and the six patches
have a different rhythm
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00:34:46,209 --> 00:34:48,586
and different tonalities.
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00:37:33,376 --> 00:37:36,003
Independently from this,
we are here in the church,
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00:37:36,087 --> 00:37:40,466
we independently believe
in the Yoruba religion, in Bantu,
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00:37:40,549 --> 00:37:42,677
but we also believe
in the Catholic religion,
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00:37:42,760 --> 00:37:46,347
we send people to church
to pray and ask for things
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00:37:46,931 --> 00:37:50,309
and invocate for all things,
so they may have health,
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00:37:50,393 --> 00:37:54,272
stability, and repose
for all who believe in her.
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00:39:24,945 --> 00:39:27,114
Many of us are initiated
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in this Santeria of the Yoruba religion
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of which you give folkloric touches,
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some of which you will now soon see.
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♪ His Royal Majesty the Alaafin of Oyo ♪
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As we know in Yorubaland,
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that we can curse with the drum
and praise with the drum.
126
00:46:22,696 --> 00:46:25,115
Drums can be used to send coded messages
127
00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:28,952
in times of misunderstanding
in times like that,
128
00:46:29,036 --> 00:46:33,499
drums are played
independently of each other,
129
00:46:33,582 --> 00:46:36,335
which all has meanings.
130
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♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
131
00:56:12,869 --> 00:56:18,416
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
132
00:56:18,500 --> 00:56:22,962
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
133
00:57:01,251 --> 00:57:05,421
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
134
00:57:05,505 --> 00:57:10,510
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
135
00:57:11,553 --> 00:57:15,515
-♪ What a time we had in Ibadan ♪
-♪ What a time we had in Ibadan ♪
136
00:57:15,598 --> 00:57:21,187
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ In our time in Ibadan ♪
137
00:57:21,271 --> 00:57:23,606
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
-♪ During out time in Ibadan ♪
138
01:05:32,011 --> 01:05:33,888
"You don't greet a king half bent.
139
01:05:34,805 --> 01:05:36,724
You don't greet a King by squatting.
140
01:05:37,975 --> 01:05:39,644
For those that might want
to disrespect the King.
141
01:05:40,311 --> 01:05:43,731
You greet a king by prostrating."
142
01:06:49,714 --> 01:06:51,424
When the Europeans came,
143
01:06:51,507 --> 01:06:56,762
they were two, the English and the French.
144
01:06:56,846 --> 01:07:00,224
When they divided the land
145
01:07:00,307 --> 01:07:04,478
{\an8}Alaketu, Onisabe and Onipopo,
146
01:07:04,562 --> 01:07:09,859
{\an8}three of us who were Oduduwa's sons,
now fell under the French colony.
147
01:07:11,068 --> 01:07:15,114
Our great ancestor is called Oduduwa,
148
01:07:15,197 --> 01:07:18,993
the one that landed
with a mysterious chain in Ife.
149
01:07:19,076 --> 01:07:20,828
We came from Ife,
150
01:07:21,954 --> 01:07:26,751
round at about year 1000 A.D.
151
01:08:07,833 --> 01:08:10,503
In Berlin, they divided us.
152
01:08:10,586 --> 01:08:13,506
They use to call
Republic of Benin here Slave Coast.
153
01:10:33,646 --> 01:10:35,981
Metal works, what is referred to
as bronze metal works,
154
01:10:36,065 --> 01:10:39,276
has been done by the Yoruba's for ages.
155
01:10:39,360 --> 01:10:41,570
They will dig up the soil,
base on the soil color,
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01:10:41,654 --> 01:10:44,531
they can tell what kind
of metal it might contain.
157
01:10:44,615 --> 01:10:46,742
They will now park it up, heat it up
158
01:10:47,451 --> 01:10:49,870
and extract the metal
159
01:10:49,954 --> 01:10:52,289
to make hoes, cutlasses and so on.
160
01:10:52,373 --> 01:10:53,499
They extract it from the ground.
161
01:10:54,291 --> 01:10:58,462
Once they found it,
they will pour it into a heated furnace.
162
01:10:58,545 --> 01:11:00,256
It will now solidify, once heated,
163
01:11:01,048 --> 01:11:04,593
then we will shape it to whatever we want.
164
01:12:02,651 --> 01:12:05,946
♪ The orishas speak through you ♪
165
01:12:13,370 --> 01:12:17,333
♪ The orishas speak through you ♪
166
01:12:29,428 --> 01:12:32,473
♪ His Royal Majesty, the Ooni of Ife ♪
167
01:12:51,784 --> 01:12:56,622
♪ All hail the King ♪
168
01:12:56,705 --> 01:12:59,625
♪ The King is dancing, his wife looks on ♪
169
01:12:59,708 --> 01:13:01,877
♪ When I get to dance
I will dance like a king ♪
170
01:13:04,296 --> 01:13:07,257
♪ I said the King is dancing
While his wife looks on ♪
171
01:13:07,341 --> 01:13:09,676
♪ When I get to dance
I will dance like a king ♪
172
01:13:09,760 --> 01:13:12,054
♪ All hail the King ♪
173
01:13:12,137 --> 01:13:17,976
♪ We that you're seeing here
Are the Islanders ♪
174
01:19:27,888 --> 01:19:31,725
♪ Whom ever climb a coral tree
Climbs the tree of success ♪
175
01:19:31,808 --> 01:19:38,315
♪ Coral tree, the tree of success ♪
176
01:19:38,398 --> 01:19:41,651
♪ Whom ever climb a coral tree
Climbs the tree of success ♪
177
01:19:42,694 --> 01:19:43,695
Little snippets.
178
01:19:43,779 --> 01:19:46,364
We are Yorubas.
179
01:19:46,448 --> 01:19:48,742
♪ Rain, keep on falling ♪
180
01:19:48,825 --> 01:19:50,327
♪ Rain, keep on falling ♪
181
01:19:50,410 --> 01:19:54,790
♪ You're comforting, you're comforting ♪
182
01:19:54,873 --> 01:19:58,293
♪ Rain, keep on falling
Rain, keep on falling ♪
183
01:19:58,376 --> 01:20:00,545
♪ You're comforting ♪
184
01:20:00,629 --> 01:20:03,548
♪ Our father Kayode ♪
185
01:20:03,632 --> 01:20:06,760
♪ You live on forever ♪
186
01:20:06,843 --> 01:20:13,850
♪ It's been a while son of a king ♪
187
01:20:13,934 --> 01:20:18,104
♪ You live on forever ♪
188
01:20:19,022 --> 01:20:20,649
The great-grandfather
teaches the grandfather,
189
01:20:20,732 --> 01:20:22,400
the grand father teaches the father,
190
01:20:22,484 --> 01:20:24,027
the father teaches the son,
191
01:20:24,736 --> 01:20:27,572
and in this way we accurately
maintain this tradition.
15089
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