All language subtitles for 1The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. WRise.Of.The.Naziatson - 03x01 - The Hound of the Baskervilles.DVDRip.Part2.Italian.updated.Addic7ed.com
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:02,680 --> 00:00:05,160
GERMAN SINGING
2
00:00:15,240 --> 00:00:19,400
In 1930,
Germany is a liberal democracy...
3
00:00:21,800 --> 00:00:26,000
..with elections, parliament,
and the rule of law.
4
00:00:29,560 --> 00:00:32,080
Just four years later,
5
00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:34,560
freedom of speech is over.
6
00:00:34,560 --> 00:00:37,400
Most of the political opposition
is in jail
7
00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:40,520
and the government
is in the hands of murderers.
8
00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:44,800
This is the story
of how democracy died.
9
00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:53,520
To piece together how it happened,
10
00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:57,120
historians and experts
have examined those four years,
11
00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:59,560
each from a different
individual perspective.
12
00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,480
You cajole, you influence,
you...manipulate.
13
00:01:05,480 --> 00:01:09,840
They'll take us inside the minds
of those that fought fascism...
14
00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,520
They've realised that these people
are after your heads.
15
00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:16,080
They want to annihilate you
from existence altogether.
16
00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:17,640
..and the Nazis themselves.
17
00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:22,560
Himmler genuinely believed that he
would create a racially pure Germany
18
00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:24,800
where the Aryan race
would reign supreme.
19
00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:33,920
The moments when history
hung in the balance
20
00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,840
and the world's worst atrocities
could have been prevented.
21
00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:41,480
Mass murder was no problem.
22
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:47,400
But it was important
to be socially acceptable.
23
00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:58,520
Do people care about the truth?
24
00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:27,200
There's a black hole
in the heart of Europe.
25
00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:31,480
Germany, a once-great nation,
is on its knees.
26
00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:36,760
The people, having endured
years of economic hardship,
27
00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:39,360
are looking for change.
28
00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:42,480
But no-one knows what kind of change
they will choose.
29
00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:49,640
NEWSREEL: Another milestone
is marked
30
00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:51,600
in Germany's political history.
31
00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:55,240
The 1930 general election
should have brought clarity.
32
00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:57,160
But it didn't.
33
00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:59,520
It's a total mess,
34
00:02:59,520 --> 00:03:03,280
the vote split between
14 different parties.
35
00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:07,000
The Communists.
36
00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:09,400
The Social Democrats.
37
00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:11,880
The Centre Party is just about able
38
00:03:11,880 --> 00:03:16,320
to put together a moderate coalition
government, but it's a weak one.
39
00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:21,440
The only party who are happy,
who make substantial gains,
40
00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:22,760
are the Nazis.
41
00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:43,960
Just a few years ago, the Nazis
were violent revolutionaries.
42
00:03:55,160 --> 00:03:57,120
But their revolution failed...
43
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,200
..and Hitler was sent to prison.
44
00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:18,720
But out of that failure,
45
00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:22,560
Hitler devised a new strategy
for the Nazis -
46
00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:25,840
to pretend to be
a legitimate political party
47
00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:28,280
and destroy democracy from within.
48
00:04:32,240 --> 00:04:36,160
For years, though, they were
seen as the lunatic fringe.
49
00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,080
Until now.
50
00:04:38,080 --> 00:04:41,560
In 1930,
the Nazis have 18% of the vote...
51
00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:47,600
MUSIC: Moonlight Sonata
by Beethoven
52
00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:49,800
..and that captures the interest
of this man.
53
00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:02,440
Germany's ultimate
political operative -
54
00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,440
a right-wing aristocratic general,
55
00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:07,320
Kurt von Schleicher.
56
00:05:18,320 --> 00:05:21,320
It has been noted by many people
that "Schleicher"...
57
00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:24,320
Schleichen in German
means to sneak, to creep.
58
00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:29,080
So in English he would be
the creeper or the sneaker,
59
00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:32,760
which strangely is a very accurate
denomination for what he did...
60
00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:35,640
..and for what he was.
61
00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:38,920
If you see politics as a game,
62
00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:43,280
a schleicher is a master
in the play of power.
63
00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:47,040
GERMAN SINGING
64
00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:03,360
Von Schleicher's profession
is to observe...
65
00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:04,880
..everybody.
66
00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:12,760
And the Nazis
appear like deus ex machina,
67
00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:14,520
or like a jack in the box.
68
00:06:14,520 --> 00:06:16,520
It's something
which was not foreseen,
69
00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:18,040
it's saying, "We offer you this."
70
00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:20,720
"Here we are,
and we offer you a part
71
00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:23,960
"of the German working class
on a silver plate."
72
00:06:23,960 --> 00:06:26,280
The Nazis have a kind of
street cred.
73
00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:31,200
And Schleicher is cynical enough
74
00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:35,160
and he thinks to be clever enough
to say,
75
00:06:35,160 --> 00:06:38,200
"This is a horse
that we are going to ride."
76
00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:43,000
Schleicher wants to use the Nazis
to solve a big problem -
77
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:46,360
the threat posed
to the aristocratic elite
78
00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:49,760
from the increasingly powerful
forces of the left.
79
00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:53,760
So Schleicher cooks up a plan.
80
00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:57,720
He wants to replace
the current chancellor,
81
00:06:57,720 --> 00:07:00,000
supported by a moderate coalition,
82
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:02,600
with his own right-wing choice.
83
00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:08,040
But to do this he needs two things -
84
00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:10,840
the backing of the Nazis
in the Reichstag...
85
00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:16,880
..and the support of Germany's
head of state.
86
00:07:19,960 --> 00:07:23,920
The man who has the power
to hire and fire a chancellor.
87
00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:36,000
So Schleicher has to persuade
President Hindenburg,
88
00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:38,040
an 82-year-old war hero,
89
00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:40,120
to work with the Nazis.
90
00:07:45,520 --> 00:07:48,640
Hindenburg was trying to...
91
00:07:48,640 --> 00:07:54,120
make sense of this rather chaotic
and complex situation.
92
00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:03,080
You want the book? Yeah.
93
00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:06,760
He's not really a politician at all,
94
00:08:06,760 --> 00:08:09,760
is my reading on his character.
95
00:08:11,360 --> 00:08:13,600
Soldiering, er,
96
00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:17,280
particularly in wartime conditions,
97
00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:22,480
is an exercise -
amongst other things - in command.
98
00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:25,240
Politics are somewhat different,
99
00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:27,280
particularly in a democracy.
100
00:08:28,720 --> 00:08:31,200
And I could see him saying,
101
00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:36,080
"Oh, God, I wish for the
simplicities of military command."
102
00:08:36,080 --> 00:08:38,480
Which, of course,
were not open to him.
103
00:08:38,480 --> 00:08:40,600
He had to do the best he could.
104
00:08:42,760 --> 00:08:45,600
Others tried to manipulate him,
of course.
105
00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:50,520
If we look at politics as a game,
106
00:08:50,520 --> 00:08:52,400
as Schleicher does,
107
00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:56,640
Hindenburg simply is
what in chess would be the king.
108
00:08:56,640 --> 00:09:00,240
Everything comes down to
who is close to Hindenburg,
109
00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:03,720
who is close to the king,
is close to power.
110
00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:05,800
So Schleicher was one of
the closest persons,
111
00:09:05,800 --> 00:09:08,040
if not the closest person
to the president,
112
00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:09,520
is trying to influence
113
00:09:09,520 --> 00:09:12,440
and to engineer
meeting with the Nazis.
114
00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:17,240
So Schleicher persuades
the president
115
00:09:17,240 --> 00:09:19,840
to take a meeting
with Adolf Hitler.
116
00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:25,080
Neither of them have any idea
who they're dealing with.
117
00:09:28,760 --> 00:09:31,560
TRAD JAZZ MUSIC
118
00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:41,240
Hitler is living with his niece,
119
00:09:41,240 --> 00:09:43,160
Geli Raubal,
120
00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:46,040
who it's rumoured
he was having sex with.
121
00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:01,440
Right.
122
00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:02,880
Yep.
123
00:10:05,880 --> 00:10:09,480
Hitler was a...a narcissist.
124
00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:14,800
Obsessed with power.
125
00:10:16,320 --> 00:10:21,280
Belief that he was a man of destiny.
126
00:10:21,280 --> 00:10:24,600
And all of these things
grew over time.
127
00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:28,520
He was increasingly ruthless.
128
00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:34,720
He was filled with hate,
particularly against the Jews.
129
00:10:34,720 --> 00:10:38,080
He was, in the end,
a man of violence.
130
00:10:42,040 --> 00:10:45,360
Hitler's niece Geli is found dead.
131
00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:49,120
She's shot herself in the chest
with Hitler's revolver.
132
00:10:55,600 --> 00:11:00,320
There are moments in Hitler's life
when he completely loses control.
133
00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:05,880
You can think, for example,
of towards the end of his life,
134
00:11:05,880 --> 00:11:07,880
in the bunker in 1945,
135
00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:10,320
when he completely goes to pieces.
136
00:11:12,080 --> 00:11:16,560
And this also happens with the death
of his half-niece, Geli Raubal,
137
00:11:16,560 --> 00:11:19,360
his girlfriend of the time.
138
00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:26,920
Not necessarily because he loved her
and he was shocked and so on
139
00:11:26,920 --> 00:11:31,120
but because he thinks his whole
political career is finished.
140
00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:36,160
But just as he thinks
it might all be over,
141
00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:39,360
only three weeks
after her suicide...
142
00:11:41,120 --> 00:11:44,640
..Schleicher has organized
an audience for Hitler
143
00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:46,760
with President Hindenburg.
144
00:11:50,280 --> 00:11:53,040
The key question
is to sell the concept
145
00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:56,480
that Hitler could be used
to build a right-wing coalition
146
00:11:56,480 --> 00:11:59,600
which is based on a common hatred
147
00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:02,720
and on common enemies
that they have.
148
00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:09,760
For Hitler,
this is a moment when he realises
149
00:12:09,760 --> 00:12:11,960
that he has arrived.
150
00:12:11,960 --> 00:12:15,080
He's now become part of
the political game.
151
00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:21,560
Hitler no doubt
had his own personal feelings.
152
00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:29,280
But I suspect Hindenburg's
looking down his nose at Hitler.
153
00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:35,080
Now, mind you, being a somewhat
snobbish dimension to this.
154
00:12:36,920 --> 00:12:40,160
Von Hindenburg is an aristocrat,
155
00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:41,960
he is a general,
156
00:12:41,960 --> 00:12:46,920
indeed, he is the president
of his country.
157
00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:51,160
Hitler fought in the first war
as a corporal.
158
00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:55,360
And Hitler's time
in the German army
159
00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:59,000
was not marked by
any particular distinction.
160
00:13:00,360 --> 00:13:03,240
He was rather dismissive
161
00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:07,320
of what he called
"this Austrian corporal".
162
00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:14,360
Hitler thinks it's gone
pretty well, really.
163
00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:18,080
He comes away from it thinking
that Hindenburg now knows
164
00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:20,560
who he is, for one thing,
and that in due course,
165
00:13:20,560 --> 00:13:24,760
Hindenburg would be prepared
under some circumstances
166
00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:27,320
to appoint him as Reich-Chancellor.
167
00:13:32,440 --> 00:13:38,000
Hindenburg concludes
Hitler is best suited
168
00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,040
for the office of postmaster, quote,
169
00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:48,080
"so that he can lick me from behind
on my stamps," unquote.
170
00:13:48,080 --> 00:13:54,840
So it wasn't...a very deep
impression that Hitler made.
171
00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:58,920
This is not how things are.
An upstart.
172
00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:05,800
Schleicher at this moment
is annoyed.
173
00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:08,360
"These people are very precious.
We need them."
174
00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:12,760
We would like to do politics
only with, you know,
175
00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:16,560
general staff-trained officers
like in the good old times,
176
00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:21,560
but unfortunately we do live
in a republican democratic reality.
177
00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:24,760
So Schleicher thinks
if plan A goes wrong,
178
00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:26,600
you should have a plan B.
179
00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,960
DRUMMING
180
00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:35,200
GERMAN SINGING
181
00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:40,760
While Hitler is the leader
of the Nazis' political party,
182
00:14:40,760 --> 00:14:45,160
they also have a paramilitary wing
called the Stormtroopers.
183
00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:48,280
These disenfranchised men are used
184
00:14:48,280 --> 00:14:52,040
to dish out violence on the streets
to their enemies.
185
00:14:56,920 --> 00:15:01,280
But in a way that the Nazi Party
can deny involvement in.
186
00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:05,520
All part of Hitler's secret agenda
to wage war
187
00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:07,840
against the Nazis' political rivals.
188
00:15:17,040 --> 00:15:20,680
In this too,
Schleicher sees an opportunity.
189
00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:24,760
Maybe he can persuade Hindenburg
to work with the Nazis
190
00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:28,200
as a way of harnessing
these Stormtroopers.
191
00:15:28,200 --> 00:15:29,920
For Schleicher,
192
00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:33,160
the Stormtroopers
are precious elements,
193
00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:35,520
as he calls the Stormtroopers,
194
00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:37,800
because the left-wing insurgency -
195
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:40,760
which is communism, socialism,
the unions -
196
00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:43,120
probably has to be broken
with force
197
00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:46,600
and these people represent this
force and they have this power.
198
00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:50,880
The German army
is weak and depleted,
199
00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:53,840
an issue that the old man
cares about.
200
00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:57,880
Maybe they could use the
Stormtroopers to bolster the ranks.
201
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,520
Schleicher definitely knows
which buttons
202
00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:07,360
to press with Hindenburg.
203
00:16:09,160 --> 00:16:13,720
Hindenburg regards it
as his duty as president
204
00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:17,680
to see Germany back
as a great power.
205
00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:20,840
So Schleicher
is saying to Hindenburg,
206
00:16:20,840 --> 00:16:25,440
the Nazis, with the Stormtroopers,
represent a fresh start.
207
00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:31,240
I mean, as a soldier,
208
00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:35,440
that would have resounded with him
without doubt,
209
00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:36,720
in my view.
210
00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:40,320
With the president on board,
211
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:42,480
he now needs to persuade Hitler
212
00:16:42,480 --> 00:16:46,240
to join his right-wing coalition
government as the junior partner.
213
00:17:01,560 --> 00:17:06,640
Hitler really is not somebody
who's going to enter
214
00:17:06,640 --> 00:17:12,080
any kind of coalition government
unless he's at its head.
215
00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:15,640
That would violate
the leadership principle.
216
00:17:15,640 --> 00:17:19,320
It would kind of undermine
his charisma, his image
217
00:17:19,320 --> 00:17:23,360
and his self-image
as the man who is in charge.
218
00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:27,160
So Hitler says no.
219
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:31,880
What Hitler wants
is another election,
220
00:17:31,880 --> 00:17:34,440
in which he hopes
to do even better.
221
00:17:37,040 --> 00:17:39,640
So Schleicher offers another deal.
222
00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:41,760
He'll bring elections forward
223
00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:46,480
on condition Hitler doesn't vote
down his right-wing coalition.
224
00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:51,520
In this moment he perceives him
as a servant,
225
00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:55,520
someone who was going to play
a supporting role
226
00:17:55,520 --> 00:18:00,240
in the system which would be run
by aristocrats like himself.
227
00:18:01,320 --> 00:18:04,320
He thinks he can somehow
blackmail the Nazis,
228
00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:08,400
he can put pressure on the Nazis,
229
00:18:08,400 --> 00:18:12,840
and that sooner or later,
they are going to eat from his hand.
230
00:18:12,840 --> 00:18:17,640
Whatever he thinks Hitler's
extracted as a condition
231
00:18:17,640 --> 00:18:22,040
of the support of the Nazis,
that elections should be held,
232
00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:25,720
Schleicher imagined he was
manipulating Hitler,
233
00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:28,320
whereas in fact,
it's the other way round.
234
00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:32,960
So while Schleicher
plots his next chancellor,
235
00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:36,040
Hitler sets about winning
the hearts and minds
236
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:37,520
of the German people.
237
00:19:10,120 --> 00:19:12,480
He portrayed himself
as a man of the people.
238
00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:20,560
He wasn't a toff, he wasn't
a member of the elites.
239
00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:30,080
He was a man who projected himself
as an ordinary bloke,
240
00:19:30,080 --> 00:19:32,760
as it were, and that, I think,
241
00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:37,040
managed to unite
many different kinds of people.
242
00:19:40,480 --> 00:19:42,720
While Hitler's support grows,
243
00:19:42,720 --> 00:19:46,800
some realise that he's not
the respectable politician he seems.
244
00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:52,080
And one man tries to prove it
in court.
245
00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:56,520
GERMAN OPERATIC MUSIC
246
00:20:15,960 --> 00:20:17,800
Hans Litten is anxious.
247
00:20:19,040 --> 00:20:21,480
He saw the rise of what he believes
248
00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:24,480
is going to be
a very dangerous movement.
249
00:20:25,880 --> 00:20:31,160
Litten is a lawyer who is powered
by the idea that law is important.
250
00:20:33,880 --> 00:20:36,280
He doesn't see law as
just a set of rules.
251
00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:39,800
He sees it as being the thing
that will make the difference
252
00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:41,640
in creating a better society -
253
00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:43,840
a foundation,
a rock on which it can be built.
254
00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:47,240
He is talking about human rights
at a time when very few people did.
255
00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:52,360
And he takes on his cases
as though life depended on it.
256
00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,280
Litten sees what the Stormtroopers
are doing on the streets.
257
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,160
When they attack a nightclub
full of communists,
258
00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:09,560
dozens are injured,
and four Stormtroopers are charged.
259
00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:12,640
GAVEL BANGS
260
00:21:14,800 --> 00:21:19,320
Litten wants to join the dots
back to the Nazi Party itself.
261
00:21:20,760 --> 00:21:22,840
Hitler is saying
that he believes in law,
262
00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:25,720
he believes in
a rules-based society,
263
00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:30,280
and he would never himself speak
of violence, or using violence.
264
00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:34,680
But Hans Litten, he understood what
fascism was about,
265
00:21:34,680 --> 00:21:36,720
he understood what Nazism
was about.
266
00:21:37,840 --> 00:21:41,320
And so he thinks,
"How do we make this case
267
00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:43,280
"of use in a bigger struggle?"
268
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:47,600
And he decides that
a summons should be issued
269
00:21:47,600 --> 00:21:49,920
to get Hitler before the court.
270
00:22:08,120 --> 00:22:10,800
When Hitler enters the court,
271
00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:14,800
the Stormtroopers who are on trial
stand up in the dock
272
00:22:14,800 --> 00:22:17,680
and raise their hands
in the Hitler salute.
273
00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:20,240
And they show their dedication
to their leader.
274
00:22:21,520 --> 00:22:27,080
Hitler is absolutely in control.
275
00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:31,560
Hitler went there prepared to say
something very well-rehearsed,
276
00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:34,920
and says that
he had no knowledge at all
277
00:22:34,920 --> 00:22:38,000
of what these Stormtroopers
would do.
278
00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:39,760
This was a rogue group.
279
00:22:44,680 --> 00:22:47,280
How often have we heard
great leaders
280
00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:50,400
saying that somehow
this was an out-of-control group
281
00:22:50,400 --> 00:22:52,760
and that this has nothing
to do with THEM?
282
00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:56,480
And Litten slowly but surely
starts to unpick that.
283
00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:00,880
Hitler is cross-examined
for three hours.
284
00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:04,480
Who are the Stormtroopers?
285
00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:06,640
What is expected of them?
286
00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:08,400
Tell me the truth.
287
00:23:09,720 --> 00:23:12,520
As Hitler continues to deny
Stormtrooper violence
288
00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:16,600
is official Nazi policy,
Litten produces a pamphlet.
289
00:23:18,760 --> 00:23:24,720
It's a quick guide to Nazi ideology
for new Stormtrooper recruits.
290
00:23:24,720 --> 00:23:27,040
In it, there's a line that says
291
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:30,680
if the Nazis can't come to power
by democratic means...
292
00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:40,080
Litten plays his trump card,
293
00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:43,520
and he presents it to Hitler.
294
00:23:43,520 --> 00:23:45,400
"Look at this.
295
00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:47,880
"You're telling us
you are a democrat?
296
00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:50,200
"That you're running
a democratic party?
297
00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:52,560
"Look what your pamphlets say."
298
00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:57,440
It must have been so exhilarating.
299
00:23:59,480 --> 00:24:01,600
You know, there's nothing
more satisfying than
300
00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:03,720
a good cross-examination,
if you're a lawyer.
301
00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:06,120
SHOUTING IN GERMAN
302
00:24:06,120 --> 00:24:08,880
And then he gets angry.
303
00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:11,880
From this position of
calm leadership,
304
00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:14,520
he becomes the rather frothing man
305
00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:16,680
that we know
he was capable of being.
306
00:24:18,320 --> 00:24:21,800
By keeping at it,
slowly and patiently,
307
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:24,440
he wore down the veneer.
308
00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:32,160
And although, you know,
this was not about, you know,
309
00:24:32,160 --> 00:24:34,840
a witness saying, "I'm guilty,"
310
00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:39,280
you just know that someone
has been reduced in size.
311
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:41,240
And I think Hitler was.
312
00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:49,840
A reporter secretly takes
this photograph.
313
00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:56,360
The sense you have
in looking at the photograph...
314
00:24:56,360 --> 00:25:00,120
Hitler knows that his performance
was not good.
315
00:25:00,120 --> 00:25:04,600
That Litten had exposed
to the public
316
00:25:04,600 --> 00:25:07,120
what this man was really like.
317
00:25:09,560 --> 00:25:13,840
Hans Litten, he was exactly the sort
of man who Hitler rather despised.
318
00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:18,320
A Jewish lawyer, a clever man,
an intellectual.
319
00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:22,160
They were traitors. They were tools
of a world Jewish conspiracy.
320
00:25:22,160 --> 00:25:24,160
Vermin, they were less than nothing.
321
00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:29,840
And so it was a great victory
for Litten,
322
00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:33,640
but by God had he made an enemy
in the Fuhrer.
323
00:25:39,120 --> 00:25:41,040
Back in the halls of power,
324
00:25:41,040 --> 00:25:44,880
Schleicher goes to work
to bring down the chancellor.
325
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:53,760
Schleicher's political game operates
on different levels at once.
326
00:25:57,440 --> 00:25:59,440
He conspires with
the military elite.
327
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:07,280
He uses his influence with media
and big business.
328
00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:20,200
He spreads gossip to weaken
the chancellor's standing
329
00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,000
in political circles...
330
00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:31,440
..telling everyone the Chancellor
has failed to get Germany
331
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:33,920
out of its political
and economic mess.
332
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,040
And all the while, he continues
to work on Hindenburg...
333
00:26:45,360 --> 00:26:48,320
..the only man
who can fire a chancellor...
334
00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:57,320
..convincing him that to keep
the current chancellor in power
335
00:26:57,320 --> 00:26:59,200
is bad for his reputation.
336
00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:08,960
Schleicher knows about how much
Hindenburg likes his own reputation.
337
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:12,440
This is another button
that he can push.
338
00:27:12,440 --> 00:27:14,560
The chancellor is a failure,
339
00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:17,520
too much under the spell
of the socialists.
340
00:27:17,520 --> 00:27:19,160
He should go.
341
00:27:21,160 --> 00:27:24,360
Well, I think the evidence is clear,
342
00:27:24,360 --> 00:27:26,600
the chancellor cannot go on.
343
00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:32,360
It could be very important
for the future stability of Germany.
344
00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:39,400
This is Schleicher at his best.
345
00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:46,840
These are ways to rule a country
346
00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:50,240
which are based on conspiracy,
intrigue.
347
00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:53,360
This is not what a republic
is meant to be.
348
00:27:56,200 --> 00:27:59,200
And so within weeks of
his deal with Hitler,
349
00:27:59,200 --> 00:28:02,120
Schleicher has persuaded
the President
350
00:28:02,120 --> 00:28:05,640
to fire the Chancellor
and accept Schleicher's choice
351
00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:08,120
for a new chancellor.
352
00:28:08,120 --> 00:28:10,840
JAUNTY MUSIC PLAYING
353
00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:27,200
What sort of person
is Franz von Papen?
354
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:30,720
Well, he claims
he's completely surprised
355
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,800
that anyone should imagine him
becoming Chancellor of the Reich.
356
00:28:35,800 --> 00:28:38,520
But on the other hand,
I find that quite hard to believe,
357
00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:41,600
that he hasn't imagined himself
in that position.
358
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:44,560
You get the impression of
a little bit of a popinjay.
359
00:28:44,560 --> 00:28:47,040
He's always terribly well-dressed.
360
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:50,080
He always has a flower
in his buttonhole.
361
00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:53,120
He's always immaculately turned out.
362
00:28:54,640 --> 00:28:56,680
And outwardly very charming.
363
00:28:56,680 --> 00:29:00,160
You know, he knew how to play...
in a very Germanic way,
364
00:29:00,160 --> 00:29:03,040
he knew how to play the gentleman,
365
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:05,560
although he has the reputation
of someone
366
00:29:05,560 --> 00:29:07,320
with a degree of incompetence.
367
00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:12,360
Schleicher, at this point,
is looking for a man
368
00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:15,080
who would basically
do what he tells him to do,
369
00:29:15,080 --> 00:29:17,760
someone that he could manipulate.
370
00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:20,840
Well, if we try to think
with Schleicher's mind
371
00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:24,200
in this moment, this is a very,
very understandable choice.
372
00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:26,760
I would even say
it was a very good choice.
373
00:29:29,120 --> 00:29:33,840
The idea that Papen
is sort of useful idiot
374
00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:37,040
for other people around him
is clearly nonsense.
375
00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:41,040
It's Schleicher's men,
it's Schleicher's cabinet.
376
00:29:41,040 --> 00:29:43,400
It's going to be
Schleicher's politics.
377
00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:48,040
Kurt von Schleicher
thought he could exploit him.
378
00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:51,800
Of course,
the reality is that he is...
379
00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:57,080
..for want of a better word,
prone to subterfuge.
380
00:29:57,080 --> 00:29:59,080
He is cunning.
381
00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:06,480
And because they need
the Nazis' support,
382
00:30:06,480 --> 00:30:10,320
they turn a blind eye to
the Stormtroopers' violence.
383
00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:18,600
GUNSHOTS
384
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:38,920
I certainly don't get the impression
that Papen is particularly moved
385
00:30:38,920 --> 00:30:41,000
by what's happening on the streets.
386
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:44,360
You know, he is a man who...
387
00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:49,280
..does not see
the morality of his position.
388
00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:51,200
And as far as he's concerned,
389
00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:54,080
if there's a brawl between the
Nazis and the communists,
390
00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:56,600
the people he wants to lose
in that brawl
391
00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:59,200
will be the communists
and not the Nazis.
392
00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:02,560
For Papen, the Nazis
are the ticket to power.
393
00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:12,880
So Schleicher finally has
what he wants -
394
00:31:12,880 --> 00:31:15,080
a right-wing government,
395
00:31:15,080 --> 00:31:17,720
a malleable chancellor,
396
00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:20,800
and his political opponents
on the run.
397
00:31:22,120 --> 00:31:26,080
The destiny of Germany
is in his hands.
398
00:31:26,080 --> 00:31:29,480
I do think that in this moment
he is...
399
00:31:30,920 --> 00:31:34,400
..full of himself,
and he likes what he does.
400
00:31:34,400 --> 00:31:37,760
And I think he's quite proud
and he feels this is going well.
401
00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:40,560
I think he feels
this is successful.
402
00:31:42,640 --> 00:31:45,440
And where he goes wrong, Schleicher,
403
00:31:45,440 --> 00:31:49,240
is to not see that the Nazis,
and particularly Hitler,
404
00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:51,320
were playing their own game,
405
00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:53,440
and were not going to accept
406
00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:56,440
the rules set out
by General Schleicher.
407
00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:07,440
CHEERING THROUGHOUT
408
00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:26,240
Sieg!
CROWD: Heil!
409
00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:06,400
On Election Day, 1932,
410
00:33:06,400 --> 00:33:08,520
all the key players cast their vote.
411
00:33:10,120 --> 00:33:12,960
Hitler, von Papen,
412
00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:14,880
and President Hindenburg.
413
00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:34,560
Hitler realises that
if he tells a very simple message,
414
00:33:34,560 --> 00:33:37,600
it doesn't matter
if they're true or not.
415
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,560
The point is that you have to keep
repeating them,
416
00:33:40,560 --> 00:33:42,080
keep hammering them in.
417
00:33:42,080 --> 00:33:45,200
Make Germany great again.
418
00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:47,600
Restore the economy.
419
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:49,800
They are empty slogans,
420
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:51,880
but they're carrying a message that,
421
00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:54,160
although vague,
is very powerful.
422
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:58,440
Heil!
423
00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:17,600
Heil! Heil!
424
00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:40,880
The results send shock waves
through Germany.
425
00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:52,000
The Nazis' vote
has gone from 18 to 37%.
426
00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:57,960
Now, with the largest party
in the Reichstag,
427
00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:02,600
suddenly Hitler is too big
for even Schleicher to control.
428
00:35:04,080 --> 00:35:08,400
So Hitler thinks
now's the time to strike.
429
00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:13,840
Now Hitler makes his big move
and demands to be Chancellor.
430
00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:17,840
Schleicher is worried Hitler
431
00:35:17,840 --> 00:35:20,000
is simply not
playing by the rules
432
00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:21,680
that Schleicher has foreseen.
433
00:35:23,400 --> 00:35:24,840
Hitler was a gambler.
434
00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:27,040
As he said, "I always go for broke."
435
00:35:27,040 --> 00:35:29,400
And the more he believed in himself,
436
00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:32,480
the more he was encouraged
by his media followers
437
00:35:32,480 --> 00:35:34,240
to believe in himself,
438
00:35:34,240 --> 00:35:38,520
the more he was disinclined
to compromise.
439
00:35:40,360 --> 00:35:42,600
Talking to Hitler,
which at the beginning
440
00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:44,160
was like talking to a servant,
441
00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:48,360
now becomes talking to someone
who comes with his own claims.
442
00:35:48,360 --> 00:35:53,080
So Schleicher's position
starts to weaken
443
00:35:53,080 --> 00:35:56,560
and things start to become
shaky and slippery.
444
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:01,120
So Schleicher responds with
an even bigger move.
445
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:06,320
He knows that
in the German constitution
446
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:10,640
there is a clause that says
the President can suspend parliament
447
00:36:10,640 --> 00:36:13,680
and rule by presidential decree.
448
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:23,280
Schleicher and Papen
now persuade Hindenburg
449
00:36:23,280 --> 00:36:27,880
to pull that lever
and exercise his emergency powers.
450
00:36:29,560 --> 00:36:33,960
Hindenburg is rather horrified
by the idea
451
00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:36,720
of Hitler as Chancellor.
452
00:36:36,720 --> 00:36:40,640
The jumped-up little corporal
from somewhere in Austria.
453
00:36:46,760 --> 00:36:49,280
So Chancellor Papen
heads to the Reichstag
454
00:36:49,280 --> 00:36:52,400
with the authority of the president
to suspend Parliament.
455
00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:56,600
He just has to get
the Speaker's attention
456
00:36:56,600 --> 00:36:58,560
and then dissolve the Reichstag.
457
00:36:58,560 --> 00:37:00,840
That is all he needs to do,
in theory.
458
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:12,000
But there's a new Speaker
who has just been appointed.
459
00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:19,600
Goering is very keen to be
Hitler's fixer...
460
00:37:21,320 --> 00:37:24,480
..because it makes him
an important political figure.
461
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:29,680
But to be Hitler's fixer
you've got, in the end,
462
00:37:29,680 --> 00:37:31,880
to deliver what Hitler wants.
463
00:37:33,960 --> 00:37:36,520
And in a moment
captured in this photograph...
464
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:40,360
..when Papen tries to get
the Speaker's attention
465
00:37:40,360 --> 00:37:43,120
to dissolve the Reichstag,
466
00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:45,320
Goering looks the other way,
467
00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:49,720
and instead calls a vote of
no confidence in Papen's government.
468
00:38:08,360 --> 00:38:11,040
Goering looks at them, reads them,
laughs, and says,
469
00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:12,920
"Sorry, your government's finished."
470
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:26,440
But Papen has no intention
of leaving,
471
00:38:26,440 --> 00:38:29,120
and decides to try
to cling to power.
472
00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:33,920
Papen can rely on certain people.
473
00:38:33,920 --> 00:38:39,080
After all, it is Schleicher
who makes Papen Chancellor.
474
00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:42,160
Papen thought very highly
of Schleicher.
475
00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:57,280
Schleicher is ruthless when
it comes to...political loyalties.
476
00:38:57,280 --> 00:39:00,880
And he has the capacity
to change coalitions,
477
00:39:00,880 --> 00:39:05,000
to change people as other people
would change shoes or socks,
478
00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:08,560
when the situation forces it,
needs it.
479
00:39:11,240 --> 00:39:14,360
He persuades the President
they need a new chancellor.
480
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:18,280
It is a disaster for us.
481
00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:23,640
Papen is a very stupid man.
And that he simply should go.
482
00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:29,160
So...marching orders.
483
00:39:30,920 --> 00:39:33,600
Which Hindenburg, I suspect,
484
00:39:33,600 --> 00:39:36,000
would have found quite difficult.
485
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:40,760
But there's one thing Schleicher
486
00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:43,680
hasn't quite factored
into his calculations
487
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:46,360
that will come back to bite him.
488
00:39:46,360 --> 00:39:49,440
When Hindenburg as President
489
00:39:49,440 --> 00:39:52,880
sacks von Papen as Chancellor,
490
00:39:52,880 --> 00:39:56,920
Hindenburg gives him a photograph.
491
00:39:56,920 --> 00:40:02,120
And the superscription
to the photograph, in German,
492
00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:05,040
"Ich hatt' einen Kameraden."
493
00:40:05,040 --> 00:40:06,880
"I had a comrade."
494
00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:11,960
And I find the use of the past tense
rather poignant there.
495
00:40:13,840 --> 00:40:15,800
It meant an awful lot to Papen,
496
00:40:15,800 --> 00:40:20,160
because it was a gauge
of the sympathy of the President.
497
00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:23,480
That Hindenburg was not entirely
in his heart,
498
00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:25,800
he was not happy
at what had happened.
499
00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:34,680
Of course, everybody could see that
Hindenburg developed an almost...
500
00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:39,160
..romantic feeling of love
for him, for Papen.
501
00:40:39,160 --> 00:40:41,600
I think that's going a little far.
502
00:40:41,600 --> 00:40:45,120
Hindenburg is not that demonstrative
a man in my view.
503
00:40:45,120 --> 00:40:48,200
But certainly a degree of
comradeship.
504
00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:55,000
So despite the fact that
he was sent packing by Hindenburg,
505
00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:57,840
Papen believes that
this is a monstrous betrayal.
506
00:40:59,960 --> 00:41:03,240
And from that moment onwards,
Papen will do anything
507
00:41:03,240 --> 00:41:08,080
in order to bring down Schleicher
and bring himself back to power.
508
00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:21,880
For lawyer Hans Litten, the fight
against the Nazis goes on.
509
00:41:29,680 --> 00:41:33,040
After the case
where he cross-examined Hitler,
510
00:41:33,040 --> 00:41:36,280
he became, you know,
public enemy number one.
511
00:41:36,280 --> 00:41:37,960
It's the classic thing that happens
512
00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:39,840
to somebody who stands up
to be counted.
513
00:41:39,840 --> 00:41:42,120
People distanced themselves
from him,
514
00:41:42,120 --> 00:41:45,640
death threats,
he's viciously assaulted.
515
00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,200
Litten is feeling, I think,
516
00:41:51,200 --> 00:41:54,720
what all lawyers feel
when they suddenly find themselves
517
00:41:54,720 --> 00:41:58,720
at the hard end of
society's criticisms.
518
00:42:00,680 --> 00:42:06,400
And yet at the same time, he knows
that this is something that matters.
519
00:42:07,680 --> 00:42:10,960
Despite the harassment,
Litten is winning.
520
00:42:12,320 --> 00:42:14,080
He gets Stormtroopers convicted
521
00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:17,320
for the killing
of a communist activist.
522
00:42:17,320 --> 00:42:20,520
He successfully defends
anti-fascists
523
00:42:20,520 --> 00:42:22,600
against charges of murder.
524
00:42:24,560 --> 00:42:26,720
Litten did enjoy successes.
525
00:42:28,040 --> 00:42:33,080
There is no doubt that Litten
is a thorn in the side of the Nazis.
526
00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:37,680
It's his persistence,
it's his determination,
527
00:42:37,680 --> 00:42:41,120
his sense that he is not
going to give up on this.
528
00:42:41,120 --> 00:42:46,360
He keeps trying to call Nazism
to book through the courts,
529
00:42:46,360 --> 00:42:51,040
because he feels that to succumb
and to quietly skulk off
530
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:56,440
would be to allow, somehow,
Nazism to win.
531
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:58,280
And so he keeps going.
532
00:42:59,960 --> 00:43:03,480
Now, Litten's investigations
begin to reveal a conspiracy
533
00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:05,880
between the Nazis and the police.
534
00:43:11,080 --> 00:43:14,680
In one incident, Stormtroopers
clash with anti-fascists
535
00:43:14,680 --> 00:43:17,080
in a neighbourhood called Felseneck.
536
00:43:20,000 --> 00:43:23,720
When a communist called
Fritz Klemke is shot dead,
537
00:43:23,720 --> 00:43:27,640
the Stormtroopers responsible
are brought to trial,
538
00:43:27,640 --> 00:43:29,600
claiming self-defence.
539
00:43:31,480 --> 00:43:34,240
What Litten uncovers is explosive.
540
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:37,640
A policeman went into a tavern
541
00:43:37,640 --> 00:43:40,720
and deliberately left his gun
on the bar.
542
00:43:40,720 --> 00:43:45,160
A Stormtrooper picked it up,
carried out the murder,
543
00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:48,480
and then slipped it back
to the policeman.
544
00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:55,000
When you have the collusion
of police providing weaponry
545
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:57,080
and in fact being involved
themselves
546
00:43:57,080 --> 00:43:58,480
in the commission of crime,
547
00:43:58,480 --> 00:44:01,400
bringing that to light
was very important.
548
00:44:11,080 --> 00:44:14,720
Having plotted the removal of
two chancellors in less than a year,
549
00:44:14,720 --> 00:44:18,600
Kurt von Schleicher
feels back in control.
550
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:21,960
Now, in his boldest move yet,
551
00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:26,800
Schleicher persuades Hindenburg
that the next chancellor
552
00:44:26,800 --> 00:44:29,080
should be himself.
553
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,400
His first objective -
554
00:44:39,320 --> 00:44:42,200
end Hitler's political ambitions.
555
00:44:45,520 --> 00:44:50,880
At this moment, Schleicher starts to
consider different options.
556
00:44:50,880 --> 00:44:56,240
Even plans, it seems, to arrest Nazi
leaders, to strike against them.
557
00:44:56,240 --> 00:44:58,080
So he is considering options.
558
00:44:58,080 --> 00:45:00,320
He's always considering options.
559
00:45:00,320 --> 00:45:03,000
His career, at this point,
requires it.
560
00:45:09,560 --> 00:45:11,320
The fall of Chancellor Papen
561
00:45:11,320 --> 00:45:13,680
coincides with yet another
general election.
562
00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:19,480
And with the German economy picking
up, the Nazi vote falls back.
563
00:45:30,080 --> 00:45:33,280
It looks like Hitler
got close to being Chancellor,
564
00:45:33,280 --> 00:45:34,960
but not close enough.
565
00:45:38,160 --> 00:45:40,120
And years of constant campaigning
566
00:45:40,120 --> 00:45:44,280
has left the Nazi Party
close to bankruptcy.
567
00:45:46,080 --> 00:45:50,120
By late 1932, Goering clearly
feels the Nazi Party
568
00:45:50,120 --> 00:45:53,200
is facing something of a crisis.
569
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:55,560
He knows that this is a leader
570
00:45:55,560 --> 00:45:59,520
who's stubbornly committed
to becoming Chancellor or nothing.
571
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:03,120
And for Goering, I think that's,
572
00:46:03,120 --> 00:46:05,840
you know, it's a difficult circle
to square.
573
00:46:05,840 --> 00:46:08,840
And I think there are moments
when Goering is really thinking,
574
00:46:08,840 --> 00:46:11,520
"How the hell
am I going to do this?"
575
00:46:11,520 --> 00:46:15,280
Is Hitler's stubbornness
going to make the party fall apart?
576
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:18,640
Hitler has always refused
to join any coalition
577
00:46:18,640 --> 00:46:21,280
unless HE is Chancellor.
578
00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:24,040
But many in the Nazi Party
are getting impatient
579
00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:25,840
and want a slice of power.
580
00:46:28,840 --> 00:46:30,320
Schleicher sees this
581
00:46:30,320 --> 00:46:33,080
and offers rebel Nazis
a part in his government,
582
00:46:33,080 --> 00:46:34,680
weakening Hitler further.
583
00:46:36,720 --> 00:46:40,240
So at this moment,
it seems that this is successful.
584
00:46:40,240 --> 00:46:44,280
He feels that he starts
having all the tools in his hand
585
00:46:44,280 --> 00:46:49,120
to open the doors
to the Nazi castle.
586
00:46:49,120 --> 00:46:51,280
And to get into it, or to get...
587
00:46:51,280 --> 00:46:53,360
Actually, he tries to steal
from Hitler.
588
00:46:53,360 --> 00:46:56,680
He tries to get a part
of the support
589
00:46:56,680 --> 00:46:58,960
that Hitler has
from the German people.
590
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:06,840
By the end of 1932...
591
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:14,320
..Hitler was at his wits' end
as to what to do.
592
00:47:14,320 --> 00:47:18,320
He didn't seem to be able
to get any more votes.
593
00:47:18,320 --> 00:47:21,840
The Nazis began to run out of money.
594
00:47:21,840 --> 00:47:24,200
People began to desert them.
595
00:47:25,720 --> 00:47:28,960
The Nazi Party is weak,
it's declining,
596
00:47:28,960 --> 00:47:31,440
so there's general feeling
of crisis.
597
00:47:34,360 --> 00:47:37,960
It should have been the beginning
of the end for the Nazi Party.
598
00:47:47,400 --> 00:47:50,560
With his chances of power
slipping away,
599
00:47:50,560 --> 00:47:54,200
Hitler makes
a clandestine journey...
600
00:47:56,880 --> 00:47:59,520
..in a desperate
last throw of the dice.
601
00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:11,840
He definitely looks down on Hitler.
602
00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:15,200
Hitler is another sort of animal,
as far as he's concerned.
603
00:48:16,560 --> 00:48:20,560
Papen is looking at Hitler
to see if this man can be useful
604
00:48:20,560 --> 00:48:23,240
in getting his revenge
against Schleicher.
605
00:48:25,000 --> 00:48:28,800
Papen offers Hitler a deal
to join forces,
606
00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:31,640
using Hitler's
parliamentary strength
607
00:48:31,640 --> 00:48:34,560
and Papen's friendship
with President Hindenburg
608
00:48:34,560 --> 00:48:36,600
to find a way to power.
609
00:48:36,600 --> 00:48:40,960
He sees Hitler as his means
of getting back into power.
610
00:48:40,960 --> 00:48:45,960
Hitler does not represent to him
the ideal form of government.
611
00:48:45,960 --> 00:48:50,160
Franz von Papen finds the ideal
form of government Franz von Papen.
612
00:48:54,040 --> 00:48:58,840
For the first time in his political
career, Hitler makes a compromise.
613
00:49:00,040 --> 00:49:03,320
An agreement is made
that the Nazis and Papen
614
00:49:03,320 --> 00:49:05,680
will form a coalition government.
615
00:49:06,880 --> 00:49:09,920
Compromise wasn't really
in his repertory.
616
00:49:09,920 --> 00:49:13,120
It was either total victory
or total defeat.
617
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:16,960
But I think he was convinced
that the von Papen deal
618
00:49:16,960 --> 00:49:21,720
would bring the legitimacy with
which he could then take over power.
619
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:26,440
Between Papen and Hitler,
620
00:49:26,440 --> 00:49:29,560
at least one thing is agreed -
621
00:49:29,560 --> 00:49:32,160
Schleicher must go.
622
00:49:32,160 --> 00:49:35,760
This famous meeting, which is
supposed to be a secret meeting,
623
00:49:35,760 --> 00:49:38,400
but it's not that secret,
because it leaks out immediately
624
00:49:38,400 --> 00:49:40,280
and Schleicher has knowledge of it.
625
00:49:40,280 --> 00:49:42,800
And strangely,
he reacts in a manner
626
00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:45,600
where he does not really
feel threatened by it
627
00:49:45,600 --> 00:49:47,440
and it seems that he even thinks,
628
00:49:47,440 --> 00:49:49,640
"Oh, this is little Franz
doing something for me,
629
00:49:49,640 --> 00:49:51,560
"trying to negotiate with the Nazis
630
00:49:51,560 --> 00:49:53,760
"to bring Nazi support
to my government."
631
00:49:53,760 --> 00:49:55,680
He does not yet understand
632
00:49:55,680 --> 00:49:58,960
to what extent Papen
has turned against him.
633
00:50:07,840 --> 00:50:12,440
Now, Franz von Papen
shows his true colours
634
00:50:12,440 --> 00:50:15,760
as a cunning political player
in his own right...
635
00:50:17,880 --> 00:50:20,680
..using his position
as Hindenburg's new favourite
636
00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:22,360
to present a radical idea.
637
00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:26,480
He should be Vice Chancellor.
638
00:50:27,760 --> 00:50:30,720
And the Chancellor
should be Adolf Hitler.
639
00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:38,480
It's an idea he has
640
00:50:38,480 --> 00:50:42,640
that the only way to destroy
the National Socialists
641
00:50:42,640 --> 00:50:45,040
is to give them a bit of power.
642
00:50:45,040 --> 00:50:47,560
"Let's give them a chance
in government
643
00:50:47,560 --> 00:50:49,520
"to show how dreadful they are,
644
00:50:49,520 --> 00:50:52,120
"and then the people
will lose their interest in them."
645
00:50:52,120 --> 00:50:54,040
These are desperate times,
646
00:50:54,040 --> 00:50:56,720
and desperate schemes
are dreamed up.
647
00:51:02,240 --> 00:51:04,360
The decision rests with Hindenburg.
648
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:16,280
How is it that Hindenburg,
649
00:51:16,280 --> 00:51:22,600
from his initial, rather lofty
position regarding Hitler -
650
00:51:22,600 --> 00:51:26,200
the upstart, the Austrian corporal -
651
00:51:26,200 --> 00:51:33,320
to contemplating Hitler
as a potential chancellor?
652
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:35,960
How do you explain the volte face?
653
00:51:35,960 --> 00:51:39,040
It's quite a journey, that one.
654
00:51:39,040 --> 00:51:43,720
Schleicher and von Papen
and "my reputation".
655
00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:48,320
The rise of the Communists.
656
00:51:50,360 --> 00:51:55,800
Eventually, Hindenburg comes to the
conclusion that von Papen is right.
657
00:51:55,800 --> 00:51:57,960
There was no other answer.
658
00:51:57,960 --> 00:52:00,600
He'd run out of options
at this point.
659
00:52:09,080 --> 00:52:10,800
Schleicher is out.
660
00:52:10,800 --> 00:52:13,800
He has no remaining cards to play.
661
00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:22,000
Hindenburg dismisses Schleicher
at the end of January, 1933.
662
00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:25,720
What he says to him
as a last sentence is,
663
00:52:25,720 --> 00:52:31,280
"General, and now let's see
how the hare is going to run
664
00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:32,880
"with God's help."
665
00:52:32,880 --> 00:52:34,920
The hare is Hitler.
666
00:52:41,480 --> 00:52:43,960
The Nazis are close to power.
667
00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:47,120
Hans Litten is starting to realise
668
00:52:47,120 --> 00:52:51,760
that Germany's legal system
is riddled with Nazi sympathisers.
669
00:52:53,520 --> 00:52:57,160
As his case against the police and
the Stormtroopers comes together,
670
00:52:57,160 --> 00:53:00,440
the system begins to shut him down.
671
00:53:02,240 --> 00:53:04,880
Crucial evidence
mysteriously disappears.
672
00:53:06,440 --> 00:53:10,040
The Nazi conspiracy
is wider than Litten realised.
673
00:53:11,360 --> 00:53:14,160
Here we have state collusion
in murder.
674
00:53:14,160 --> 00:53:16,120
He presents it to the judge,
675
00:53:16,120 --> 00:53:18,840
and the judge accuses Litten
of lying.
676
00:53:20,200 --> 00:53:24,800
Hans Litten is seeing how
the rule of law is now a pretence.
677
00:53:24,800 --> 00:53:27,160
It becomes the ultimate evidence
to him
678
00:53:27,160 --> 00:53:30,160
that the whole system
is becoming Nazified.
679
00:53:35,720 --> 00:53:38,480
Berlin's chief prosecutor
informs him that
680
00:53:38,480 --> 00:53:41,680
the case against the Stormtroopers
is being dropped
681
00:53:41,680 --> 00:53:43,200
for lack of evidence.
682
00:53:45,960 --> 00:53:49,960
For Litten, watching this is hell.
683
00:53:49,960 --> 00:53:53,760
He sees that the destruction
of democracy
684
00:53:53,760 --> 00:53:56,000
is taking place before his eyes,
685
00:53:56,000 --> 00:53:59,400
and no-one is stopping it.
686
00:54:02,200 --> 00:54:05,760
CROWD CHEERING
687
00:54:05,760 --> 00:54:09,160
NEWSREEL: An excited crowd gathers
outside the presidential palace on
688
00:54:09,160 --> 00:54:12,120
learning that Hindenburg has sent
for Hitler to form a government.
689
00:54:13,280 --> 00:54:16,320
HE SPEAKS GERMAN
690
00:54:21,480 --> 00:54:25,240
And so Hitler has,
for the first time,
691
00:54:25,240 --> 00:54:27,120
power.
692
00:54:28,400 --> 00:54:32,040
On that evening, Hitler has
this unshakeable self-belief.
693
00:54:32,040 --> 00:54:36,160
One way or another, he is going to
become Germany's dictator.
694
00:54:36,160 --> 00:54:39,320
People like Schleicher, Papen
and Hindenburg
695
00:54:39,320 --> 00:54:44,320
thought that they could use him,
that he'd be easily manipulated.
696
00:54:44,320 --> 00:54:46,520
They were, of course, wrong.
697
00:55:33,040 --> 00:55:35,920
We go back to this time
over and over and again,
698
00:55:35,920 --> 00:55:38,440
because it informs
our current world.
699
00:55:38,440 --> 00:55:41,640
It informs our current world
on a number of planes,
700
00:55:41,640 --> 00:55:44,520
but particularly
it is a warning to us
701
00:55:44,520 --> 00:55:47,520
to prevent things like this
from happening again.
702
00:55:47,520 --> 00:55:52,640
And we ask, why was it
that there were no people around
703
00:55:52,640 --> 00:55:57,720
who could actually prevent
this terrible descent?
704
00:56:03,320 --> 00:56:05,840
Here we are in the '30s.
705
00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:09,640
Violence is taking place
and society becoming divided.
706
00:56:09,640 --> 00:56:13,520
Do people see
what's really happening?
707
00:56:18,080 --> 00:56:22,320
The story of German politics
between 1930 and 1933
708
00:56:22,320 --> 00:56:25,640
is the story of the decline and fall
of a democracy.
709
00:56:27,960 --> 00:56:29,680
And that's why we're so fascinated,
710
00:56:29,680 --> 00:56:31,480
because we know
what happened afterwards.
711
00:56:31,480 --> 00:56:33,880
Germans at the time didn't know
what was going to happen.
712
00:56:33,880 --> 00:56:35,840
But we know now, looking back,
713
00:56:35,840 --> 00:56:38,320
what a terrible turning point
it was.
714
00:56:38,320 --> 00:56:42,320
And of course, democracy
is under challenge and under threat
715
00:56:42,320 --> 00:56:45,040
in many countries at the moment.
716
00:56:45,040 --> 00:56:47,600
We're looking for parallels.
717
00:56:47,600 --> 00:56:49,560
That period does have lessons for us
718
00:56:49,560 --> 00:56:53,640
if we want to preserve and defend
democracy in our own day.
719
00:57:33,880 --> 00:57:36,360
The moment when his murderer
points the gun on him
720
00:57:36,360 --> 00:57:38,880
and asks him,
"Are you General Schleicher?",
721
00:57:38,880 --> 00:57:43,840
he might have realised
that he created a monster.
722
00:57:43,840 --> 00:57:45,840
And whatever was going to come,
723
00:57:45,840 --> 00:57:49,280
it would finish everything
which was there before.
724
00:57:49,280 --> 00:57:51,000
GUNSHOTS
725
00:58:02,040 --> 00:58:06,040
Hitler still doesn't have
supreme power.
726
00:58:07,320 --> 00:58:11,040
4,000 communists arrested
in one night.
727
00:58:11,040 --> 00:58:13,280
Himmler gives a press conference
728
00:58:13,280 --> 00:58:16,000
announcing the opening
of this concentration camp.
729
00:58:18,600 --> 00:58:20,880
What kind of people ARE these?
730
00:58:22,320 --> 00:58:24,520
The camp's in the small town
of Dachau.
59310
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.