Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,568 --> 00:00:04,569
-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com
2
00:00:04,570 --> 00:00:07,607
CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS
3
00:00:52,183 --> 00:00:54,986
Narrator:
THE DECK OF A RAILWAY BRIDGE
4
00:00:54,987 --> 00:00:58,324
IS TYPICALLY BUILT OF
WOOD-TIMBERS CALLED BRIDGE TIES.
5
00:00:58,325 --> 00:01:00,624
THEY'RE BOLTED
TO STEEL SUPPORT BEAMS
6
00:01:00,625 --> 00:01:04,363
LOCATED ON CONCRETE PIERS
OVER THE WATER OR GULLY BELOW.
7
00:01:04,364 --> 00:01:06,264
THE RAILS
ON WHICH THE TRAIN TRAVELS
8
00:01:06,265 --> 00:01:08,133
ARE BOLTED TO THE WOODEN TIES.
9
00:01:08,134 --> 00:01:10,200
WOOD ABSORBS THE NOISE
AND VIBRATION
10
00:01:10,201 --> 00:01:11,771
OF THE PASSING TRAIN.
11
00:01:14,739 --> 00:01:16,741
THE LOAD
THE RAILWAY BRIDGE WILL CARRY
12
00:01:16,742 --> 00:01:18,943
DETERMINES THE SIZE OF ITS TIES.
13
00:01:18,944 --> 00:01:20,646
TO CALCULATE THE LOAD,
14
00:01:20,647 --> 00:01:23,315
ENGINEERS FACTOR IN
THE NUMBER OF TRACKS,
15
00:01:23,316 --> 00:01:27,051
VOLUME OF TRAFFIC,
WEIGHT OF THE TRANSPORTED CARGO,
16
00:01:27,052 --> 00:01:30,889
AND WHETHER THE BRIDGE
IS STRAIGHT OR CURVED.
17
00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:34,792
A CURVE WILL PUT ADDITIONAL
STRESS ON THE STRUCTURE.
18
00:01:34,793 --> 00:01:39,264
THE WOOD OF CHOICE IS OAK
BECAUSE IT'S HARD AND STRONG.
19
00:01:39,265 --> 00:01:41,232
WHEN THE LOGS
ARRIVE AT THE SAWMILL,
20
00:01:41,233 --> 00:01:43,935
THEY COME FACE-TO-FACE
WITH A MENACING-LOOKING DEVICE
21
00:01:43,936 --> 00:01:45,805
CALLED A DEBARKER.
22
00:01:47,373 --> 00:01:51,176
A CONVEYOR MOVES THE SHIPMENT
TOWARD THE DEBARKER,
23
00:01:51,177 --> 00:01:55,682
THEN DROPS A SINGLE LOG IN FRONT
OF IT ONTO SPINNING ROLLERS.
24
00:01:57,483 --> 00:02:00,485
THE ROLLERS ROTATE THE LOG,
25
00:02:00,486 --> 00:02:03,889
WHILE THE DEBARKER MAKES ITS WAY
FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER.
26
00:02:03,890 --> 00:02:07,893
IT CHEWS OFF THE BARK
WITH ITS SHARP-TOOTHED BLADES.
27
00:02:10,329 --> 00:02:13,698
WHAT THE DEBARKER SHAVES
OFF IS PUT TO GOOD USE.
28
00:02:13,699 --> 00:02:16,736
THE BARK GETS PROCESSED
INTO GARDENING MULCH
29
00:02:16,737 --> 00:02:19,505
AND THEY BURN THE SAWDUST
IN THE WOOD-FIRED BOILER
30
00:02:19,506 --> 00:02:21,574
THAT RUNS ANOTHER PART
OF THE PLANT.
31
00:02:24,276 --> 00:02:27,712
NEXT, ONE LOG AT A TIME
DROPS INTO A MOBILE CARRIAGE
32
00:02:27,713 --> 00:02:30,715
THAT RUNS IT
THROUGH A CIRCULAR SAW.
33
00:02:30,716 --> 00:02:32,051
THE CARRIAGE HAS SENSORS
34
00:02:32,052 --> 00:02:34,418
WHICH DETECT
THE LOG'S EXTREMITIES
35
00:02:34,419 --> 00:02:35,721
AND REPORT ITS DIMENSIONS
36
00:02:35,722 --> 00:02:39,357
TO A CONSOLE LOCATED
IN THE OPERATOR'S CAB.
37
00:02:39,358 --> 00:02:41,793
THE OPERATOR
INTERPRETS THE DATA.
38
00:02:41,794 --> 00:02:43,529
USING A JOYSTICK CONTROLLER,
39
00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:45,829
HE FLIPS THE LOG
INTO WHICHEVER POSITION
40
00:02:45,830 --> 00:02:47,699
MAXIMIZES THE YIELD.
41
00:02:50,169 --> 00:02:51,502
THE FIRST FEW RUNS
42
00:02:51,503 --> 00:02:55,273
TRIM OFF THE ROUGH SURFACE
AND SQUARE THE SHAPE.
43
00:02:55,274 --> 00:02:57,241
THE NEXT RUNS CUT BOARDS,
44
00:02:57,242 --> 00:03:00,077
WHICH THE SAWMILL
SELLS TO FLOORING PLANTS.
45
00:03:00,078 --> 00:03:03,247
THIS CONTINUES UNTIL THE LOG
IS THE EXACT DIMENSIONS
46
00:03:03,248 --> 00:03:05,782
OF THE BRIDGE TIE.
47
00:03:05,783 --> 00:03:08,353
AGAIN, NOTHING IS WASTED.
48
00:03:08,354 --> 00:03:11,624
THE SAWMILL PROCESSES
THE CUTOFFS INTO WOOD CHIPS,
49
00:03:11,625 --> 00:03:14,625
WHICH IT THEN SELLS TO COMPANIES
THAT MAKE PARTICLE BOARD,
50
00:03:14,626 --> 00:03:18,431
STRAND BOARD, AND SIMILAR
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.
51
00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:22,267
THE SAWMILL STACKS THE TIES
52
00:03:22,268 --> 00:03:24,734
FOR TRANSFER
TO THE BRIDGE MILL NEXT DOOR.
53
00:03:24,735 --> 00:03:28,239
THE ROLE OF THE BRIDGE MILL
IS TO FRAME THE BRIDGE,
54
00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:30,541
ALSO KNOWN AS DAPPING.
55
00:03:30,542 --> 00:03:33,611
THAT'S THE PROCESS
OF MAKING THE SPECIFIC HOLES
56
00:03:33,612 --> 00:03:35,145
AND NOTCHES IN EACH TIE
57
00:03:35,146 --> 00:03:38,717
FOR ATTACHING IT TO THE STEEL
BEAM ON WHICH IT WILL SIT.
58
00:03:41,353 --> 00:03:42,819
AT THE BRIDGE MILL,
59
00:03:42,820 --> 00:03:47,057
THE BRIDGE LAYOUT SUPERVISOR
PROCESSES ONE TIE AT A TIME.
60
00:03:47,058 --> 00:03:49,793
HE CAREFULLY REVIEWS
THE ENGINEER'S BLUEPRINTS,
61
00:03:49,794 --> 00:03:52,563
WHICH ASSIGN A NUMBER
TO EACH AND EVERY TIE.
62
00:03:52,564 --> 00:03:57,202
THESE NUMBERS SPECIFY PRECISELY
WHERE THE SAW HAS TO CUT NOTCHES
63
00:03:57,203 --> 00:04:00,071
AND WHERE THE DRILL
HAS TO BORE HOLES.
64
00:04:00,072 --> 00:04:02,240
THE LOCATIONS OF THESE NOTCHES
AND HOLES VARY,
65
00:04:02,241 --> 00:04:04,809
DEPENDING ON THE TIE'S POSITION
ON THE BRIDGE.
66
00:04:04,810 --> 00:04:08,146
SO, HE MUST FOLLOW
THE BLUEPRINTS METICULOUSLY.
67
00:04:10,316 --> 00:04:12,652
AFTER MEASURING
AND MARKING IT ALL OUT,
68
00:04:12,653 --> 00:04:16,287
HE SENDS THE TIE TO THE DAP SAW.
69
00:04:16,288 --> 00:04:18,123
THE OPERATOR SETS UP EACH CUT,
70
00:04:18,124 --> 00:04:19,958
LINING UP THE MARK
WITH LASER-LIGHTS,
71
00:04:19,959 --> 00:04:22,193
WHICH INDICATE THE LOCATION
AND THE CUTTING DEPTH
72
00:04:22,194 --> 00:04:23,629
OF THE BLADE.
73
00:04:37,475 --> 00:04:40,845
THE NOTCHES ARE JUST THE RIGHT
SIZE TO FIT OVER THE STEEL BEAM
74
00:04:40,846 --> 00:04:42,915
ON WHICH THE TIE WILL LIE.
75
00:04:44,483 --> 00:04:47,219
NEXT,
A WORKER USING A DRILL PRESS
76
00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:49,955
BORES HOLES FOR HOOK BOLTS,
WHICH GO THROUGH THE TIE
77
00:04:49,956 --> 00:04:52,591
TO SECURE IT
ONTO THE STEEL BEAMS.
78
00:04:54,526 --> 00:04:57,929
EACH TIE RECEIVES A METAL
IDENTIFICATION TAG,
79
00:04:57,930 --> 00:05:02,266
WHICH INCLUDES THE BRIDGE
AND TIE NUMBERS.
80
00:05:02,267 --> 00:05:05,304
ON EACH END,
WORKERS NAIL ON A MESH PLATE,
81
00:05:05,305 --> 00:05:08,306
MADE OF RUST-PROOF
GALVANIZED STEEL.
82
00:05:08,307 --> 00:05:11,241
THE PLATE HAS TEETH DESIGNED
TO GRASP AND HOLD TOGETHER
83
00:05:11,242 --> 00:05:15,179
THE WOOD FIBER TO PREVENT
THE END FROM SPLITTING.
84
00:05:15,180 --> 00:05:18,383
AFTER NAILING THE ID TAG
TO ONE OF THE END PLATES,
85
00:05:18,384 --> 00:05:21,754
WORKERS FORCE IN BOTH PLATES
WITH A PRESS.
86
00:05:26,459 --> 00:05:30,427
THE TIE'S LAST STOP
IS THE ADJACENT TREATMENT PLANT.
87
00:05:30,428 --> 00:05:33,397
THEY SPEND 24 HOURS
INSIDE A HIGH-TEMPERATURE,
88
00:05:33,398 --> 00:05:34,866
HIGH-PRESSURE CHAMBER
89
00:05:34,867 --> 00:05:38,736
WHICH PENETRATES THEM
WITH A CREOSOTE-BORATE SOLUTION.
90
00:05:38,737 --> 00:05:41,873
THIS PROTECTS THE WOOD
FROM ROT AND INSECT DAMAGE
91
00:05:41,874 --> 00:05:43,743
AND EXTENDS THE TIE'S LIFE-SPAN
92
00:05:43,744 --> 00:05:48,247
FROM ABOUT A DECADE
TO AT LEAST 25 YEARS.
93
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:00,201
Narrator:
WHEN FILTERING LIQUIDS,
94
00:06:00,202 --> 00:06:02,002
IT'S ALL ABOUT THINKING SMALL.
95
00:06:02,003 --> 00:06:05,973
MEMBRANE FILTERS CAN SEPARATE
THE TINIEST SOLIDS FROM FLUIDS,
96
00:06:05,974 --> 00:06:09,511
WHICH PURIFIES THE LIQUIDS
AND RECOVERS THE SOLIDS.
97
00:06:09,512 --> 00:06:11,814
ONCE SEPARATED,
THE TWO SUBSTANCES
98
00:06:11,815 --> 00:06:16,051
MAY THEN BE REUSED
SO THAT NOTHING GOES TO WASTE.
99
00:06:20,289 --> 00:06:25,327
MEMBRANE FILTERS CAN TURN MURKY
WATER CLEAR, ALMOST MAGICALLY.
100
00:06:27,330 --> 00:06:30,932
TO DEMONSTRATE, A TECHNICIAN
INSTALLS A SPIRAL-WOUND MEMBRANE
101
00:06:30,933 --> 00:06:33,201
IN THE HOUSING
OF A PUMPING SYSTEM,
102
00:06:33,202 --> 00:06:34,670
WHICH IS A SMALL-SCALE VERSION
103
00:06:34,671 --> 00:06:38,240
OF WHAT YOU WOULD SEE
IN A FACTORY.
104
00:06:38,241 --> 00:06:42,110
SHE TURNS ON THE TAP,
AND WATER FLOWS INTO A TANK.
105
00:06:42,111 --> 00:06:45,815
SHE ADDS LATEX PAINT
TO PURPOSELY SULLY THE WATER.
106
00:06:48,183 --> 00:06:50,384
THE SYSTEM PUMPS
THE CONTAMINATED WATER
107
00:06:50,385 --> 00:06:51,886
THROUGH A STRAINER
108
00:06:51,887 --> 00:06:57,091
AND THEN THE MEMBRANE FILTER
WHILE METERS MEASURE THE FLOW.
109
00:06:57,092 --> 00:06:59,694
WITHIN MINUTES, THE PAINT
HAS BEEN FILTERED OUT,
110
00:06:59,695 --> 00:07:01,863
AND THE WATER IS CLEAR.
111
00:07:03,197 --> 00:07:07,837
THE MAKING OF A MEMBRANE FILTER
BEGINS WITH POLYPROPYLENE MESH.
112
00:07:11,274 --> 00:07:15,643
AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM UNWINDS
THE MESH AND CUTS IT TO LENGTH.
113
00:07:15,644 --> 00:07:19,182
THESE MESH SHEETS
WILL BE USED AS SPACERS.
114
00:07:20,383 --> 00:07:22,583
THEY'LL CREATE GAPS
FOR THE LIQUID
115
00:07:22,584 --> 00:07:25,587
TO FLOW THROUGH THE FILTER
AND OVER THE MEMBRANE.
116
00:07:26,589 --> 00:07:29,958
NEXT, THE SYSTEM
CUTS SHEETS OF POLYESTER FABRIC.
117
00:07:29,959 --> 00:07:31,494
THESE WILL FORM CHANNELS
118
00:07:31,495 --> 00:07:34,463
THROUGH WHICH THE FILTERED
MATERIAL WILL TRAVEL.
119
00:07:34,464 --> 00:07:38,266
THESE SHEETS ARE KNOWN
AS PERMEATE SPACERS.
120
00:07:38,267 --> 00:07:42,336
AN EMPLOYEE STACKS
THE POLYESTER FABRIC SHEETS.
121
00:07:42,337 --> 00:07:44,572
USING HIGH-FREQUENCY
SOUND WAVES,
122
00:07:44,573 --> 00:07:48,277
SHE WELDS ONE SHEET TO THE NEXT
AT JUST ONE END.
123
00:07:51,214 --> 00:07:54,816
SHE LAYERS AND WELDS
A TOTAL OF 15 SHEETS,
124
00:07:54,817 --> 00:07:56,852
AND THEN APPLIES
DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE.
125
00:07:56,853 --> 00:08:00,054
THE TAPE IS FOR ATTACHING
THE PACKET TO A CENTRAL TUBE,
126
00:08:00,055 --> 00:08:03,959
AND IT WILL ALSO SERVE AS
A GUIDE TO CORRECTLY ALIGN IT.
127
00:08:07,296 --> 00:08:11,132
NEXT, THE MEMBRANE SOUP
FLOWS INTO A LONG TROUGH.
128
00:08:11,133 --> 00:08:15,470
IT'S A MIX
OF MELTED PLASTICS AND SOLVENTS.
129
00:08:15,471 --> 00:08:18,506
PAPER BACKING UNWINDS
INTO THE TROUGH
130
00:08:18,507 --> 00:08:22,276
AND IS COATED WITH THE SOUP
ON ONE SIDE.
131
00:08:22,277 --> 00:08:25,446
THE COATED PAPER THEN TRAVELS
THROUGH TWO QUENCH TANKS,
132
00:08:25,447 --> 00:08:28,016
AND THE PLASTIC COMPONENTS
SOLIDIFY
133
00:08:28,017 --> 00:08:30,352
AS THE SOLVENTS ARE DRAWN OUT.
134
00:08:30,353 --> 00:08:33,356
THE EXITING SOLVENTS
CREATE A UNIQUE CORE STRUCTURE
135
00:08:33,357 --> 00:08:36,592
IN THE REMAINING
WHITE PLASTIC MEMBRANE.
136
00:08:36,593 --> 00:08:39,294
THE MEMBRANE NOW
TRAVELS BY A LIGHT BOX,
137
00:08:39,295 --> 00:08:42,664
WHICH ILLUMINATES
ANY VISUAL DEFECTS.
138
00:08:42,665 --> 00:08:47,234
AN APPLICATOR ALSO DRIPS A
PRESERVATIVE ONTO THE MEMBRANE.
139
00:08:47,235 --> 00:08:50,939
A TEAM UNROLLS THE MEMBRANE
ONTO A WORK TABLE.
140
00:08:53,209 --> 00:08:55,678
THEY LAY A SHEET
OF THE POLYPROPYLENE MESH,
141
00:08:55,679 --> 00:08:59,414
WHICH WE SAW CUT TO SIZE
EARLIER, ON THE MEMBRANE.
142
00:09:02,084 --> 00:09:04,520
THE EMPLOYEE
THEN CUTS THE MEMBRANE
143
00:09:04,521 --> 00:09:07,222
TO TWICE THE LENGTH OF THE MESH.
144
00:09:07,223 --> 00:09:09,189
THEY FOLD THE MEMBRANE
OVER THE MESH,
145
00:09:09,190 --> 00:09:11,593
CREATING A MEMBRANE ENVELOPE.
146
00:09:11,594 --> 00:09:13,661
THE MESH SERVES AS A PATHWAY
FOR FLUID
147
00:09:13,662 --> 00:09:16,231
TO FLOW BETWEEN THE MEMBRANES.
148
00:09:19,301 --> 00:09:20,868
MEANWHILE, ANOTHER WORKER
149
00:09:20,869 --> 00:09:24,573
APPLIES EPOXY
TO PERFORATED PLASTIC TUBE.
150
00:09:24,574 --> 00:09:26,875
HE ATTACHES
THE PERMEATE SPACERS TO IT
151
00:09:26,876 --> 00:09:28,443
WITH THE DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE,
152
00:09:28,444 --> 00:09:32,315
GIVING THE EPOXY TIME TO CURE
FOR A PERMANENT SEAL.
153
00:09:34,148 --> 00:09:36,417
HE AND A COLLEAGUE
APPLY MORE EPOXY
154
00:09:36,418 --> 00:09:39,787
TO THE PERIMETER
OF THE BOTTOM SHEET.
155
00:09:39,788 --> 00:09:41,756
THEY TRANSFER
THE MEMBRANE ENVELOPE TO IT
156
00:09:41,757 --> 00:09:43,558
AND CONTINUE TO LAYER,
157
00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:46,663
MAKING A PERMEATE FABRIC
AND MEMBRANE SANDWICH.
158
00:09:50,233 --> 00:09:52,666
THE WORKER THEN WINDS
THE GLUED LAYERS SNUGGLY
159
00:09:52,667 --> 00:09:54,803
TO A PERFORATED PLASTIC CORE,
160
00:09:54,804 --> 00:09:57,540
FORMING
THE SPIRAL MEMBRANE FILTER.
161
00:09:59,307 --> 00:10:03,044
HE TAPES THE MULTI-LAYERED WAD
FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER.
162
00:10:03,045 --> 00:10:05,213
THE TAPE HOLDS EVERYTHING
TIGHTLY IN PLACE
163
00:10:05,214 --> 00:10:07,883
AS THE EPOXY CURES OVERNIGHT.
164
00:10:09,352 --> 00:10:11,754
THEY LEAVE THE TAPE
ON AFTER THE CURE,
165
00:10:11,755 --> 00:10:14,588
AND A MACHINE WINDS
EPOXY-DRENCHED FIBERGLASS ROPE
166
00:10:14,589 --> 00:10:16,723
AROUND THE ENTIRE FILTER.
167
00:10:16,724 --> 00:10:19,761
AS THE EPOXY CURES,
168
00:10:19,762 --> 00:10:24,465
THE ROPE WILL FORM A HARD SHELL
AROUND THE MEMBRANE FILTER.
169
00:10:24,466 --> 00:10:25,933
PARTWAY THROUGH,
170
00:10:25,934 --> 00:10:28,504
THEY APPLY THE LABEL
WITH A COMPANY NAME.
171
00:10:31,806 --> 00:10:37,279
THE OPERATOR CAPTURES THE GLUE
RUNOFF DURING THE WIND.
172
00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:40,183
AND IT'S A WRAP,
SO HE CUTS THE ROPE.
173
00:10:42,384 --> 00:10:44,419
FROM THE SIDE,
YOU CAN SEE THE FLOW CHANNELS
174
00:10:44,420 --> 00:10:46,487
BETWEEN THE LAYERS.
175
00:10:46,488 --> 00:10:50,257
CONCENTRATED CONTAMINANTS WILL
TRAVEL THROUGH THEM AND OUT.
176
00:10:50,258 --> 00:10:53,761
THE FILTERED LIQUID WILL SEEP
INTO THE CORE AND EXIT,
177
00:10:53,762 --> 00:10:55,964
CLEARLY IMPROVED.
178
00:11:04,550 --> 00:11:06,218
Narrator: THE INVENTION
OF THE HYDRAULIC POST DRIVER
179
00:11:06,219 --> 00:11:07,819
IN THE 1960s
180
00:11:07,820 --> 00:11:10,756
ALLOWED WORKERS TO DROP
THEIR SHOVELS AND SLEDGEHAMMERS
181
00:11:10,757 --> 00:11:13,860
AND LET A MACHINE DO THE JOB
OF POUNDING FENCE AND SIGN POSTS
182
00:11:13,861 --> 00:11:15,328
INTO THE GROUND.
183
00:11:15,329 --> 00:11:17,929
WHEN IT COMES
TO LABOR-SAVING INVENTIONS,
184
00:11:17,930 --> 00:11:21,267
THIS ONE IS DEFINITELY
A STRIKING EXAMPLE.
185
00:11:24,837 --> 00:11:26,771
THE POST DRIVER
186
00:11:26,772 --> 00:11:30,509
RAISES HEFTY FENCE
OR SIGN POSTS INTO POSITION,
187
00:11:30,510 --> 00:11:33,881
AND THEN SLAMS THEM
INTO THE GROUND.
188
00:11:37,284 --> 00:11:40,986
INSIDE A VERTICAL CASE,
A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
189
00:11:40,987 --> 00:11:43,722
DROPS A 300-POUND WEIGHT
TO DRIVE THE POST,
190
00:11:43,723 --> 00:11:45,691
AND THEN LIFTS IT
FOR ANOTHER HIT.
191
00:11:49,429 --> 00:11:52,798
THIS MACHINE DOES THE WORK
OF TWO OR MORE BRAWNY HUMANS
192
00:11:52,799 --> 00:11:56,868
WITH JUST ONE PERSON
AT THE CONTROLS.
193
00:11:56,869 --> 00:12:00,338
TO MAKE IT, THEY START WITH
A VERTICAL CASE FOR THE WEIGHT.
194
00:12:00,339 --> 00:12:02,373
A HIGH-PRECISION PLASMA TORCH
195
00:12:02,374 --> 00:12:04,709
CUTS STEEL
INTO A RECTANGULAR SHAPE
196
00:12:04,710 --> 00:12:07,146
AND MAKES HOLES FOR COMPONENTS.
197
00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:12,550
THEY INSERT THE RECTANGLE
INTO A BREAK-PRESS REPEATEDLY
198
00:12:12,551 --> 00:12:14,886
TO BEND IT
INTO A THREE-SIDED PART.
199
00:12:14,887 --> 00:12:17,021
THE PROFILE INCLUDES FLANGES
200
00:12:17,022 --> 00:12:20,560
FOR WELDING IT
TO THE BACK WALL OF THE CASE.
201
00:12:22,494 --> 00:12:24,496
HE FITS THE PART
TO THE BACK WALL
202
00:12:24,497 --> 00:12:28,401
AND WELDS THEM TOGETHER,
COMPLETING THE POST DRIVER CASE.
203
00:12:32,305 --> 00:12:35,307
AN EMPLOYEE BUILDS
THE POST DRIVER WEIGHT
204
00:12:35,308 --> 00:12:37,411
WORKING WITHIN A WELD FIXTURE.
205
00:12:39,177 --> 00:12:43,416
IT'S A BOX-SHAPED WEIGHT,
AND HE WELDS IT AT THE SEAMS.
206
00:12:45,318 --> 00:12:47,486
HE TAPS THE CORNERS
BETWEEN THE WELDS
207
00:12:47,487 --> 00:12:50,290
TO MAINTAIN
A TIGHT CONFIGURATION.
208
00:12:51,458 --> 00:12:55,493
THIS 300-POUND WEIGHT CAN LATER
BE FILLED WITH STEEL SHOT
209
00:12:55,494 --> 00:12:59,564
TO MAKE IT EVEN HEAVIER
FOR GREATER IMPACT.
210
00:12:59,565 --> 00:13:02,834
THE NEXT WORKER ASSEMBLES
YELLOW STEEL JAWS TO A HUB
211
00:13:02,835 --> 00:13:04,937
TO PRODUCE THE GRAPPLE.
212
00:13:04,938 --> 00:13:07,872
THIS IS THE PART
THAT GRIPS THE FENCE POST
213
00:13:07,873 --> 00:13:09,843
AND RAISES IT INTO POSITION.
214
00:13:12,478 --> 00:13:14,945
HE STICKS A DANGER LABEL
ONTO THE HUB
215
00:13:14,946 --> 00:13:18,719
TO WARN PEOPLE TO STAY CLEAR
OF THESE POWERFUL JAWS.
216
00:13:20,420 --> 00:13:22,755
HE ATTACHES
A HYDRAULIC CYLINDER,
217
00:13:22,756 --> 00:13:25,993
WHICH WILL MAKE
THE JAWS OPEN AND CLOSE.
218
00:13:27,493 --> 00:13:30,796
HE CONNECTS THE CYLINDER
TO THE GRAPPLE JAW.
219
00:13:33,465 --> 00:13:35,299
NEXT,
THEY MOVE ON TO THE METAL PLATE
220
00:13:35,300 --> 00:13:38,270
THAT WILL BE USED TO MOUNT
THE POST DRIVER TO A VEHICLE,
221
00:13:38,271 --> 00:13:41,073
LIKE A SKID-STEER LOADER.
222
00:13:41,074 --> 00:13:43,107
IT INCLUDES
A HYDRAULIC MECHANISM
223
00:13:43,108 --> 00:13:45,878
FOR TILTING THE FENCE POST
LEFT OR RIGHT.
224
00:13:49,516 --> 00:13:52,617
THE EMPLOYEE INSTALLS A CONTROL
VALVE NEXT TO THE CYLINDER
225
00:13:52,618 --> 00:13:56,088
AND LINKS THE TWO WITH HOSES.
226
00:13:56,089 --> 00:13:57,522
HE'LL ALSO CONNECT THE GRAPPLE
227
00:13:57,523 --> 00:14:00,092
AND WEIGHT HYDRAULICS
TO THIS VALVE.
228
00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:11,069
BACK TO THE POST DRIVER CASE
NOW -- IT'S BEEN PAINTED,
229
00:14:11,070 --> 00:14:13,704
AND THEY'RE READY TO INSTALL
THE HYDRAULIC MOTOR.
230
00:14:13,705 --> 00:14:16,308
THE WORKER CONNECTS IT
TO THE SPROCKETS AND CHAINS
231
00:14:16,309 --> 00:14:18,544
THAT WILL LIFT THE WEIGHT.
232
00:14:18,545 --> 00:14:20,346
HE PINS THE SPROCKETS INTO PLACE
233
00:14:20,347 --> 00:14:24,250
AND INSTALLS TENSIONING RODS
ON EITHER SIDE.
234
00:14:26,886 --> 00:14:30,421
NEXT, A COVER PLATE
PROTECTS THE SPROCKETS.
235
00:14:30,422 --> 00:14:33,392
THE TENSIONING RODS
PROTRUDE THROUGH IT.
236
00:14:34,526 --> 00:14:38,295
HE SLIDES SPRINGS
ONTO THOSE TENSIONING RODS
237
00:14:38,296 --> 00:14:41,435
AND COMPRESSES THE SPRINGS
TO MAINTAIN THE TENSION.
238
00:14:44,470 --> 00:14:48,341
HE NOW ATTACHES THE GRAPPLE
TO THE POST DRIVER CASE.
239
00:14:50,676 --> 00:14:53,346
HE LOCKS IT INTO PLACE
WITH A LONG PIN.
240
00:14:58,318 --> 00:15:01,553
HE LINKS THE GRAPPLE HYDRAULICS
TO THE CONTROL VALVE.
241
00:15:01,554 --> 00:15:03,822
AND IT'S READY TO GRAB
BIG FENCE POSTS
242
00:15:03,823 --> 00:15:06,159
AND HOLD ON TIGHT.
243
00:15:09,528 --> 00:15:14,565
THEY ATTACH THE METAL MOUNTING
PLATE TO THE POST DRIVER CASE.
244
00:15:14,566 --> 00:15:17,235
THE WORK TABLE TILTS BACK
TO MOVE THE POST DRIVER
245
00:15:17,236 --> 00:15:19,506
INTO AN UPRIGHT POSITION.
246
00:15:21,540 --> 00:15:22,973
WITH THE HELP OF A CRANE,
247
00:15:22,974 --> 00:15:25,777
THE NEXT WORKER
MOVES THE WEIGHT INTO POSITION
248
00:15:25,778 --> 00:15:28,180
AND LOWERS IT INTO THE CASE.
249
00:15:35,789 --> 00:15:37,557
HE SLIDES A PIN INTO THE TOP END
250
00:15:37,558 --> 00:15:39,290
TO KEEP THE WEIGHT
FROM FALLING OUT
251
00:15:39,291 --> 00:15:41,862
WHEN THE POST DRIVER
IS ON AN ANGLE.
252
00:15:47,098 --> 00:15:48,699
ONE DAY IN THE MAKING,
253
00:15:48,700 --> 00:15:53,139
THIS HYDRAULIC POST DRIVER IS
READY FOR YEARS OF HEAVY LABOR,
254
00:15:53,140 --> 00:15:58,378
TAKING OVER FOR HUMANS SO THEY
DON'T HAVE TO MOVE A MUSCLE.
255
00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:11,900
Narrator: A BIPLANE
IS A VINTAGE-STYLE AIRCRAFT
256
00:16:11,901 --> 00:16:15,036
WITH TWO PAIRS OF WINGS
SITTING ONE ABOVE THE OTHER.
257
00:16:15,037 --> 00:16:18,307
THE TOP WINGS ARE TYPICALLY
RAISED ABOVE THE FUSELAGE
258
00:16:18,308 --> 00:16:21,576
WITH VERTICAL STRUTS BRACING
THEM TO THE BOTTOM WINGS.
259
00:16:21,577 --> 00:16:24,480
DATING BACK TO THE EARLIEST DAYS
OF AVIATION,
260
00:16:24,481 --> 00:16:28,250
THEY'RE STILL POPULAR
FOR PERFORMING AEROBATICS.
261
00:16:28,251 --> 00:16:31,719
A BIPLANE'S LOWER WINGS
HAVE AILERONS,
262
00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:35,122
WHICH BANK THE AIRPLANE
TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT.
263
00:16:35,123 --> 00:16:36,391
ON THE PLANE'S TAIL,
264
00:16:36,392 --> 00:16:39,594
ELEVATORS PITCH THE PLANE'S NOSE
UP OR DOWN
265
00:16:39,595 --> 00:16:42,397
WHILE A RUDDER STEERS IT
LEFT OR RIGHT.
266
00:16:42,398 --> 00:16:45,766
A PROPELLER
PROVIDES THE PROPULSION.
267
00:16:45,767 --> 00:16:48,904
THE PLANE HAS FOUR WINGS.
268
00:16:48,905 --> 00:16:51,106
EACH WING HAS TWO SPARS,
269
00:16:51,107 --> 00:16:53,241
WOODEN BEAMS
AT THE FRONT AND REAR,
270
00:16:53,242 --> 00:16:55,276
WHICH FORM
THE PERIMETER STRUCTURE.
271
00:16:55,277 --> 00:17:00,115
A CRAFTSMAN SKILLFULLY FASHIONS
THESE SPARS OUT OF SITKA SPRUCE.
272
00:17:00,116 --> 00:17:03,751
THIS WOOD IS EXCEEDINGLY LIGHT,
YET EXCEPTIONALLY STRONG,
273
00:17:03,752 --> 00:17:05,620
MAKING IT ONE
OF ONLY A FEW WOODS
274
00:17:05,621 --> 00:17:09,825
APPROVED FOR STRUCTURAL USE
IN AIRPLANES.
275
00:17:09,826 --> 00:17:12,228
AFTER SAWING THE WOOD
TO THE SPAR'S SHAPE,
276
00:17:12,229 --> 00:17:15,230
HE MOUNTS ATTACHMENT PLATES
MADE OF SITKA SPRUCE
277
00:17:15,231 --> 00:17:17,164
AND MAHOGANY PLYWOOD.
278
00:17:17,165 --> 00:17:18,733
THESE ARE THE END STRUTS,
279
00:17:18,734 --> 00:17:21,136
STEEL VERTICAL BARS
WHICH WILL CONNECT THE UPPER
280
00:17:21,137 --> 00:17:23,372
AND LOWER WINGS.
281
00:17:23,373 --> 00:17:26,674
HE FINISHES THE SPAR
BY REFINING ITS CONTOUR,
282
00:17:26,675 --> 00:17:31,480
FIRST WITH A HAND PLANE,
THEN AN ELECTRIC PLANE.
283
00:17:31,481 --> 00:17:33,682
USING STRIPS OF SITKA SPRUCE,
284
00:17:33,683 --> 00:17:37,653
HE CONSTRUCTS 15 STRUCTURAL RIBS
FOR EACH WING.
285
00:17:37,654 --> 00:17:39,655
HE BEGINS WITH LONG STRIPS,
286
00:17:39,656 --> 00:17:43,591
WHICH HAVE BEEN SOAKING IN WATER
FOR A WEEK TO MAKE THEM PLIABLE.
287
00:17:43,592 --> 00:17:46,360
HE INSERTS ONE END
INTO A CURVED FIXTURE
288
00:17:46,361 --> 00:17:49,263
AND LEAVES THE STRIPS TO DRY.
289
00:17:49,264 --> 00:17:51,767
WHEN HE REMOVES THEM A COUPLE
OF DAYS LATER,
290
00:17:51,768 --> 00:17:54,336
THEY HAVE A PERMANENT
AERODYNAMIC CURVE.
291
00:17:54,337 --> 00:17:56,405
HE GLUES
TWO CURVED STRIPS TOGETHER
292
00:17:56,406 --> 00:17:58,339
TO FORM THE PERIMETER
OF ONE RIB.
293
00:17:58,340 --> 00:18:03,677
IN BETWEEN, HE GLUES SHORT
DIAGONAL STRIPS CALLED TRUSSES.
294
00:18:03,678 --> 00:18:06,615
HE REINFORCES BOTH SIDES
OF EACH INTERSECTION
295
00:18:06,616 --> 00:18:10,485
WITH A RECTANGULAR PIECE
CALLED A GUSSET.
296
00:18:10,486 --> 00:18:12,854
AN ASSEMBLER MOUNTS THE 15 RIBS
CROSSWISE
297
00:18:12,855 --> 00:18:15,357
ON THE FRONT AND REAR
WING SPARS,
298
00:18:15,358 --> 00:18:20,228
THEN INSTALLS THREE ALUMINUM
TUBES CALLED COMPRESSION RIBS.
299
00:18:20,229 --> 00:18:22,931
THESE ABSORB AIR LOAD
HITTING THE SPARS,
300
00:18:22,932 --> 00:18:26,335
KEEPING THE WOODEN RIBS
FROM FLEXING UNDER PRESSURE.
301
00:18:26,336 --> 00:18:28,470
THE CRAFTSMAN
CONNECTS THE COMPRESSION RIBS
302
00:18:28,471 --> 00:18:30,874
WITH CRISS-CROSSING METAL RODS.
303
00:18:32,541 --> 00:18:37,545
AFTER APPLYING MORE GLUE
TO CRITICAL AREAS,
304
00:18:37,546 --> 00:18:39,181
HE NAILS AN ALUMINUM TRIM
305
00:18:39,182 --> 00:18:42,751
OVER THE FRONT SPAR
AND NOSE OF THE RIBS.
306
00:18:42,752 --> 00:18:45,153
THIS IS CALLED THE LEADING EDGE.
307
00:18:45,154 --> 00:18:48,557
IT'S THE FIRST PART OF THE WING
TO HIT THE WIND,
308
00:18:48,558 --> 00:18:50,694
SO IT TAKES THE BRUNT
OF THE AIR LOAD.
309
00:18:52,529 --> 00:18:56,664
FINALLY, HE LACES REINFORCEMENT
TAPE THROUGH THE RIBS
310
00:18:56,665 --> 00:18:59,100
IN AN X PATTERN.
311
00:18:59,101 --> 00:19:02,737
THE COMPLETED STRUCTURE NOW
MOVES TO THE COVERING DEPARTMENT
312
00:19:02,738 --> 00:19:04,207
WHERE TECHNICIANS DRAPE IT
313
00:19:04,208 --> 00:19:07,175
IN HEAT SHRINKABLE
POLYESTER FABRIC.
314
00:19:07,176 --> 00:19:10,812
THEY CUT THE FABRIC TO SIZE,
GLUE IT TO THE WING PERIMETER,
315
00:19:10,813 --> 00:19:12,414
AND HEAT THE SURFACE
WITH AN IRON
316
00:19:12,415 --> 00:19:15,116
TO SHRINK THE FABRIC
UNTIL IT'S TAUT.
317
00:19:15,117 --> 00:19:19,053
THEN, THEY STITCH OVER THE GLUED
AREAS WITH POLYESTER CORD.
318
00:19:19,054 --> 00:19:21,222
THEY BRUSH ON A CHEMICAL
WHICH SEALS THE PORES
319
00:19:21,223 --> 00:19:22,857
OF THE FABRIC.
320
00:19:22,858 --> 00:19:25,726
THIS PRIMES THE SURFACE
TO RECEIVE A SPRAY COAT
321
00:19:25,727 --> 00:19:27,362
OF POLYURETHANE PAINT,
322
00:19:27,363 --> 00:19:30,934
WHICH IS A SPECIAL FORMULATION
DESIGNED FOR AIRCRAFT BODIES.
323
00:19:33,368 --> 00:19:35,904
TECHNICIANS CONSTRUCT
THE FUSELAGE FRAME
324
00:19:35,905 --> 00:19:39,473
OUT OF HIGH-STRENGTH
STEEL ALLOY TUBES.
325
00:19:39,474 --> 00:19:43,078
THEY USE AN ELECTRIC TORCH TO
SLIGHTLY MELT ADJOINING PIECES
326
00:19:43,079 --> 00:19:45,814
SO THEY FUSE TO EACH OTHER.
327
00:19:45,815 --> 00:19:48,817
BECAUSE THERE'S NO FILLER METAL
BONDING THE PIECES,
328
00:19:48,818 --> 00:19:51,621
THE WELDS DON'T ADD ANY WEIGHT
TO THE STRUCTURE.
329
00:19:54,389 --> 00:19:55,924
AFTER PAINTING THE FRAME,
330
00:19:55,925 --> 00:19:59,895
TECHNICIANS INSTALL ALUMINUM
FLOOR PANELS AND BULKHEADS.
331
00:19:59,896 --> 00:20:02,263
IN THE TAIL, THEY ADD
LIGHTER WEIGHT BULKHEADS
332
00:20:02,264 --> 00:20:06,534
MADE OF MAHOGANY PLYWOOD
AND SITKA SPRUCE.
333
00:20:06,535 --> 00:20:08,203
THEN IT'S TIME
TO BOLT THE ENGINE
334
00:20:08,204 --> 00:20:10,840
TO THE FRONT
OF THE FUSELAGE FRAME.
335
00:20:16,646 --> 00:20:18,613
THE ENGINE DRIVES A PROPELLER
336
00:20:18,614 --> 00:20:22,418
MADE OF EITHER WOOD, ALUMINUM,
OR A COMPOSITE MATERIAL.
337
00:20:22,419 --> 00:20:26,154
PAINTED ALUMINUM BODY PANELS
COVER THE FRAME.
338
00:20:26,155 --> 00:20:27,856
TECHNICIANS
INSTALL THE FUEL TANK
339
00:20:27,857 --> 00:20:31,159
BETWEEN THE FRONT COCKPIT
AND THE ENGINE.
340
00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:34,796
THEN THEY BOLT THE WINGS
TO THE FUSELAGE.
341
00:20:34,797 --> 00:20:37,299
VERTICAL STEEL STRUTS
CONNECT AND REINFORCE
342
00:20:37,300 --> 00:20:39,134
THE TWO LEVELS OF WINGS
343
00:20:39,135 --> 00:20:42,071
BOLTING TO THOSE ATTACHMENT
PLATES ON THE WING SPARS.
344
00:20:44,040 --> 00:20:47,609
NEXT, TECHNICIANS MOUNT
THE PAINTED ALUMINUM AILERONS,
345
00:20:47,610 --> 00:20:49,844
THE TAIL,
WITH ITS ELEVATORS AND RUDDER
346
00:20:49,845 --> 00:20:52,381
MADE OF PAINTED FABRIC
OVER WELDED STEEL,
347
00:20:52,382 --> 00:20:54,348
AND THEN THE ENGINE COVER.
348
00:20:54,349 --> 00:20:56,684
THEY INSTALL A WINDSCREEN
349
00:20:56,685 --> 00:20:59,087
AND INSTRUMENT PANEL
FOR EACH COCKPIT.
350
00:20:59,088 --> 00:21:02,790
THE FRONT SCREEN CAN BE REPLACED
WITH A COCKPIT COVER
351
00:21:02,791 --> 00:21:06,695
TO KEEP THE PILOTS WARM
WHEN FLYING IN COLD WEATHER.
352
00:21:14,271 --> 00:21:17,004
IF YOU HAVE ANY COMMENTS
ABOUT THE SHOW,
353
00:21:17,005 --> 00:21:19,473
OR IF YOU'D LIKE TO SUGGEST
TOPICS FOR FUTURE SHOWS,
354
00:21:19,474 --> 00:21:22,378
DROP US A LINE AT...
28740
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.