Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:07,952
WHY WE FIGHT
A series of seven information films
2
00:00:10,280 --> 00:00:16,913
WAR COMES TO AMERICA
Information Film #7
3
00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:21,872
Produced by the:
WAR DEPARTMENT ARMY PICTORIAL SERVICE
4
00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:27,917
For: INFORMATION AND EDUCATION DIVISION
Music by: The Army Air Force Orchestra
5
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:38,348
I pledge alliance to the flag, of
The United States of America,
6
00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:46,471
...and to the Republic for which it
stands one nation under God...
7
00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:49,712
...indivisible with justice
and liberty for all...
8
00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:09,068
...in the jungles of New Guinea,
9
00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:15,832
...on the barren shores
of the Aleutians...
10
00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:19,872
...in the tropic heat of
the Pacific Islands,
11
00:01:21,840 --> 00:01:24,752
...in the sub-zero cold over
the skies of Germany,
12
00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:32,312
...in Burma and Iceland,
13
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,910
...the Philippines and Iran,
14
00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:37,710
...France,
15
00:01:39,360 --> 00:01:41,669
...in China and Italy,
16
00:01:42,920 --> 00:01:45,832
Americans, fighting.
17
00:01:48,080 --> 00:01:51,709
Fighting over an area extending
seven-eights of the way around the world.
18
00:01:53,800 --> 00:01:56,712
Men from the green hills of New England,
19
00:01:57,160 --> 00:02:00,072
...the sun-baked plains of the Middle West,
20
00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:01,913
the cotton fields of the South,
21
00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:04,629
...the close-packed street of Manattan,
Chicago...
22
00:02:06,560 --> 00:02:08,790
...the teaming factories of Detroit,
Los Angeles...
23
00:02:10,240 --> 00:02:13,152
...the endless stretching
distances of the Southwest...
24
00:02:14,840 --> 00:02:18,753
...men from the hills and from the plains,
men from the villages and the cities...
25
00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,228
...Bookkeepers, soda jerks, mechanics,
26
00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:28,878
...college student, rich man, poor man,
27
00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:33,593
...beggar man, thief, doctor, lawyer,
28
00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:37,032
merchant, chief, now veteran fighting men.
29
00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:42,594
Yet two years ago, many had never fired a gun,
Seen the ocean, or been of the ground.
30
00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:49,475
Americans. Fighting for their country
while half a world away from it.
31
00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:53,872
Fighting for their country and
more than their country.
32
00:02:54,880 --> 00:02:57,792
Fighting for an idea.
33
00:02:58,400 --> 00:03:00,550
An idea bigger than the country.
34
00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:04,032
Without the idea, the country might
only have remained a willingness.
35
00:03:05,400 --> 00:03:09,359
Without the country, the idea might
have remained only a dream.
36
00:03:17,640 --> 00:03:20,552
Over this ocean,
37
00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:24,752
1607, Jamestown...
38
00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,469
1620, Plymouth Rock...
39
00:03:29,040 --> 00:03:30,519
Here was America.
40
00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:33,912
The sea, the sky, the virgin continent.
41
00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:39,508
We came in search of freedom, facing
Unknown dangers rather than bend...
42
00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:41,797
...the knew of bow to tyranny.
43
00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:51,392
Out of the native oak and pine, we built
a house, a church, a watchtower.
44
00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:55,312
We cleared a field and there grew up
a colony of free citizens.
45
00:03:57,280 --> 00:04:00,192
We carved new states out of
the green wilderness.
46
00:04:00,680 --> 00:04:06,840
Virginia, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Carolina.
47
00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:09,752
Then came the first test in
the defense of that liberty.
48
00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:13,792
1775, Lexington
49
00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:16,436
Our leader spoke our deepest needs.
50
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:22,358
Colonists are by the law of nature free-born,
as indeed all men are!"- James Otis
51
00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:28,438
It is the right of the people to alter or abolish and to
institute new government."- Thomas Jefferson
52
00:04:29,080 --> 00:04:31,992
These are the times that try mers souls."
- Thomas Paine
53
00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:36,788
...but as for me, give me liberty or
give me death."- Patrick Henry
54
00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:41,632
In the midst of battle it happened.
55
00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:45,312
The idea grew. The idea took form.
56
00:04:46,280 --> 00:04:51,070
Something new was expressed by men.
A new and revolutionary doctrine.
57
00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,712
The greatest created force in human relations.
58
00:04:55,320 --> 00:04:58,232
All men are created equal."
59
00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:04,636
All men are entitled to the blessings life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
60
00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:07,797
That's the goal we had set for ourselves.
61
00:05:08,200 --> 00:05:12,352
If it meant hanging, victory meant
a world in which Americans rule themselves.
62
00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:16,912
1777, Valley Forge
63
00:05:20,040 --> 00:05:22,952
We fought and froze, suffered and died.
64
00:05:23,480 --> 00:05:26,392
For what? For the future freedom
of all Americans.
65
00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:30,796
A few of us doubted and despaired,
most of us prayed and endured it all.
66
00:05:35,680 --> 00:05:38,592
1781, Yorktown
67
00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:42,232
Now we were a free-independent nation...
68
00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:45,194
...the new idea had won its first test.
69
00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:48,472
Now to pass it on to future Americans.
70
00:05:49,280 --> 00:05:52,192
The Constitution. The sacred charter of
"We the people..."
71
00:05:52,880 --> 00:05:54,836
The blood and sweat of "We the people..."
72
00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:58,672
The life, liberty, and happiness of
"We the people..."
73
00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:04,475
The people were to rule. Not some of the people,
Not the best people or the worst,
74
00:06:04,880 --> 00:06:07,792
...not the rich people or the poor,
but "We the people..."
75
00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:12,272
All the people.
76
00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:20,958
Proclaim liberty throughout all the land,
unto all the inabitants thereof"
77
00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:24,395
In this brotherhood America was born.
78
00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:27,952
One nation, indivisible, with liberty
and justice for all.
79
00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:32,632
It began as 13 states along
the Atlantic seaboard.
80
00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:35,912
We pushed along the Allegiances,
the Ohio River,
81
00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:39,392
...the Mississippi, the last far
range of the distant Rockies.
82
00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:44,758
We carried freedom with us.
No aristocratic classes here.
83
00:06:45,480 --> 00:06:48,392
No King, no Nobel, or Prince.
84
00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:52,072
No State Church, no courts,
no parasites.
85
00:06:52,640 --> 00:06:55,552
No divine right of man to rule man.
86
00:06:56,040 --> 00:06:58,952
Here humanity was making a clean
fresh start from scratch.
87
00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:04,672
Behind we left new states. Chips of
the old block, woven together by freedom.
88
00:07:32,640 --> 00:07:34,790
Until finally we were one nation.
89
00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:39,035
A land of hope and opportunity that
had risen out of a skeptical world.
90
00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:42,792
A light was shining.
Freedom's light.
91
00:07:43,560 --> 00:07:47,872
From every country and every climb, men saw that
light and tuned their faces towards it."
92
00:07:48,720 --> 00:07:53,953
Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free...
93
00:07:54,480 --> 00:08:02,398
...the wretched refuge of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-toots to me.
94
00:08:02,840 --> 00:08:05,752
I lift my lamp beside the golden door"
95
00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:11,792
As stranger to one another we came,
and built a country.
96
00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:15,832
And the country built us into Americans.
97
00:08:16,320 --> 00:08:19,232
The sweat of man from all nations,
was poured out to build a new.
98
00:08:20,760 --> 00:08:24,469
The sweat of our first Shepard,
the English, the Scots,
99
00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:28,032
...the Dutch, building the workshop
of New England.
100
00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:32,032
And the Italian in the sulfur mines
of Louisiana.
101
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:37,393
Of the Frenchmen and the Swiss in
the vineyards of California and New York state.
102
00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:43,068
Of the Dane, the Norwegian, the Swede.
103
00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:47,270
Seeding the good earth to make
the mid-west bloom with grain.
104
00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:50,872
Of the Pole and the Welsh.
105
00:08:51,520 --> 00:08:54,432
Of the Negro harvesting cotton
in the hot southern sun.
106
00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,912
Of the Spaniard, the first to roam
the great southwest...
107
00:09:03,520 --> 00:09:06,432
...of the Mexican in the oil fields of Texas.
108
00:09:07,640 --> 00:09:10,552
And on the ranches of New Mexico.
109
00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:14,634
Of the Greek and the Portuguese
harvesting the crop the ocean yielded.
110
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:18,672
Of the German with his technical skills.
111
00:09:19,400 --> 00:09:22,312
Of the Hungarian and the Russian.
112
00:09:23,080 --> 00:09:27,790
Of the Irish, the Slav and the Chinese
working side by side.
113
00:09:28,680 --> 00:09:31,592
The sweat of Americans,
and a great nation was built.
114
00:11:00,040 --> 00:11:03,999
Yes, the sweat of all nations built
America and the blood.
115
00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:07,632
For the blood of Americans
has been freely shed.
116
00:11:08,120 --> 00:11:11,954
Five times in our history, have we withstood
The challenge to the idea that made our nation.
117
00:11:14,120 --> 00:11:18,511
The idea for all men of life,
liberty and the pursuit happiness.
118
00:11:19,320 --> 00:11:22,232
The idea that made us, the people we are.
119
00:11:23,840 --> 00:11:26,752
Let's take a look at ourselves,
before we went into this war.
120
00:11:30,920 --> 00:11:36,517
Well, first of all, we're a working people,
on the land, at a workbench, at a desk.
121
00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:40,672
And we're an inventive people.
The lightening rod,
122
00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:43,555
...the cotton gin, the telegraph,
123
00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:45,393
...the blessed anaesthesia of ether,
124
00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:49,152
...the rotary printing press,
the telephone,
125
00:11:49,920 --> 00:11:52,832
...electric welding,
the incandescent lamp,
126
00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:55,470
...submarine, steam turbine,
127
00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:59,032
the motor driven airplane,
the x-ray tube,
128
00:11:59,840 --> 00:12:02,752
the gyroscope compass,
the sewing machine,
129
00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:08,590
...and television. All these, and countless
more bear witness to our invent ness.
130
00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:20,757
And this intentness and enterprise,
131
00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:24,715
plus our hard-won democratic ideals for
the greatest good for the greatest number,
132
00:12:25,440 --> 00:12:28,352
...created for the average man the highest
standard of living in the world.
133
00:12:29,960 --> 00:12:32,599
32 and a half million registered automobiles,
134
00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:35,672
Two-thirds of all the automobiles
there are in the world.
135
00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:40,513
We demand the highest standards
in sanitation,
136
00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:43,672
...purity of food, medical care.
137
00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:46,600
Our hospitals are marvels
for the world to copy.
138
00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:51,115
We want the best for the average
man, woman and child.
139
00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:54,632
Particularly child. We have
reduced the hazard of being born,
140
00:12:55,480 --> 00:13:00,759
From then on we protect, foster and generally
spoil the majority of our children.
141
00:13:01,800 --> 00:13:04,712
But it doesn't seem to hurt them much.
They go to school,
142
00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:08,632
...all kinds of schools.
To kindergarten,
143
00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:12,032
...public schools, private schools,
trade schools,
144
00:13:12,760 --> 00:13:15,672
...high schools, to 25,000 high schools,
145
00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:18,356
...and to college.
146
00:13:19,280 --> 00:13:23,432
In the last war, 20% of all the men in
the armed forces had been to high school or college.
147
00:13:24,520 --> 00:13:26,670
In this war, 63%.
148
00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:29,717
We're a great two-weeks vacation people.
149
00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:37,589
We hunt and we fish, up north
and down south,
150
00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:41,635
...back east, out west. When the season
opens, we hunt and fish.
151
00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:46,675
We're a sports-loving people.
152
00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:37,712
And we're probably the travel
ingest nation in all history...
153
00:14:38,160 --> 00:14:39,991
...we love to go places.
154
00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:44,072
We have the cars, we have the roads,
we have the scenery.
155
00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:48,072
We don't need passports,
but sometimes we need alibis.
156
00:14:49,720 --> 00:14:52,632
We sleep by the road, we eat by the road.
157
00:14:54,360 --> 00:14:57,272
The foreigner is enchanted and amazed
at what we like to put on our stomach's.
158
00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:38,472
And we're a great joining people,
we join clubs.
159
00:15:39,760 --> 00:15:42,672
Fraternities, unions, federations.
160
00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:45,277
Shove a blank at us, we'll sign up.
161
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:48,912
Radios, we have on in the living room,
162
00:15:50,880 --> 00:15:53,110
...the dining room,
163
00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:55,318
...the bedroom,
164
00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:00,312
...the bathroom, in our cars,
165
00:16:02,320 --> 00:16:05,232
...in our hands and up our sleeves.
166
00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:11,832
Music. We couldn't be without it.
167
00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:47,912
The Press? Yes, it's the biggest.
168
00:16:48,320 --> 00:16:51,232
But most important,
it's the freest on earth.
169
00:16:52,160 --> 00:16:55,072
Over 12,000 newspapers,
with all shades of opinions.
170
00:16:55,560 --> 00:16:59,189
Books on ever-conceivable subject.
And more than 6000 different magazines.
171
00:17:00,760 --> 00:17:03,672
Not counting the comics.
172
00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:07,592
Churches?
We have every denomination on earth.
173
00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:10,948
60 million of us, regularly attend.
174
00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:14,152
And no one dares tell us,
which one to go to.
175
00:17:16,760 --> 00:17:19,069
We elect our own neighbors to govern us.
176
00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:22,512
We believe in individual enterprise
and opportunities, for men and women alike.
177
00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:27,992
We make mistakes, we see the results.
178
00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:35,549
We correct the mistakes.
179
00:17:35,960 --> 00:17:38,872
We skyrocket into false prosperities,
180
00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,592
...and then plummet down into false
needless depressions.
181
00:17:44,440 --> 00:17:47,352
But in spite of everything, we never
lose our faith in the future.
182
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:51,992
We believe in the future,
we build for the future.
183
00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:56,916
Yes, we build for the future and
the future always catches up with us.
184
00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:02,552
Before we're done building, we've developed
something new, and have to start rebuilding.
185
00:18:03,800 --> 00:18:05,995
That's roughly the kind of people we are.
186
00:18:06,840 --> 00:18:10,549
Boasting, easy-going, sentimental,
but underneath,
187
00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:14,152
...passionately dedicated to the ideals
our forefathers passed on to us.
188
00:18:16,560 --> 00:18:18,312
The liberty and dignity of man.
189
00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:23,074
We've made great material progress, but
Spiritually we're still in the frontier days.
190
00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:28,630
Yet deep down in us, there is a yearning
for peace and good-will toward men.
191
00:18:29,920 --> 00:18:32,832
Somehow we feel, that if men thru their
minds towards the fields of peace,
192
00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:37,072
...as they have towards the fields
of transportation,
193
00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:38,878
...communication or aviation,
194
00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:42,512
...wars would soon be old-fashioned
as the horse and buggy days.
195
00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:48,232
We hate war. We know that in war,
it is the common man who does the paying.
196
00:18:48,920 --> 00:18:52,549
The suffering, the dying. We bend over
backwards to avoid it.
197
00:18:54,040 --> 00:18:58,830
But let our freedoms be endanger, and we'll
pay and suffer and fight to the last man.
198
00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:04,949
That is the American. That is the way
of living, For which we fight today.
199
00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:07,995
Why?
200
00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:10,994
Is that fight necessary?
Did we want war?
201
00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:21,912
In 1917, before most of you
fighting men were born,
202
00:19:23,280 --> 00:19:28,115
our fathers fought the first World War to make the
world safe for democracies, for the common man.
203
00:19:30,440 --> 00:19:33,352
They fought a good fight and won it.
204
00:19:38,120 --> 00:19:41,032
There was to be no more war in their time,
and their childrers time.
205
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,432
Faithful to our treaty obligations, we
destroyed much of our naval tonnage.
206
00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:51,032
Our army went on a reducing diet,
until it became little more than a skeleton.
207
00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:58,948
For us, war was to be outlawed.
For us, Europe was far away.
208
00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,912
And as for Asia, well that was really
out of this world.
209
00:20:03,520 --> 00:20:03,840
Where everything looked like it was torn
from the National Geographic.
210
00:20:03,840 --> 00:20:07,920
Where everything looked like it was torn
from the National Geographic.
211
00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:10,832
Yet in this remote spot in Asia, in 1931,
212
00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:14,672
...while most of you were playing ball
in the sand lots,
213
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:16,759
...this war started.
214
00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:20,392
Without warning, Japan invaded Manchuria.
215
00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:34,552
Once again, men who where peaceful, became
slaves of the men who where violent.
216
00:20:36,120 --> 00:20:42,070
In Washington D.C. Our Secretary of State,
made a most vigorous protest.
217
00:20:42,960 --> 00:20:47,112
The American Government, does not
intend to recognize any situation
218
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:51,632
...treaty or agreement, which may be
brought about by means of aggression.
219
00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:55,752
But we the people, hadrt much time
to think about Manchuria,
220
00:20:56,560 --> 00:20:59,472
...we were wrestling with the worst
depression in our history.
221
00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:03,592
Some of us were out of jobs.
Some of us stood in bread lines.
222
00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:06,955
Some of us suffered homemade aggression.
223
00:21:08,560 --> 00:21:11,472
Some of us were choked with dust.
224
00:21:12,120 --> 00:21:14,031
Some of us had no place to go.
225
00:21:14,560 --> 00:21:19,588
Two years later, in 1933, while most of you
Were graduating from High School,
226
00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:24,518
...we read that a funny little man called Hitler,
had come into power in Germany.
227
00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:44,192
We heard that a thing called the Nazi Party
had taken over.
228
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:55,192
Today we rule Germany, tomorrow, the world!"
229
00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:01,232
Today we rule Germany, tomorrow, the world!"
230
00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:04,429
What kind of talk was that?
231
00:22:05,120 --> 00:22:08,032
It must only be hot air.
232
00:22:09,360 --> 00:22:12,272
In 1935, about the time you had
your first date,
233
00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:17,919
We read that strutting Mussolini had
attacked far of Ethiopia.
234
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:36,832
The disease seemed to be spreading, so Congress
assembled, to insulate us against the growing
235
00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:38,354
friction of war.
236
00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:47,277
"We want no war. We'll have no war, say in
defense of our own people for our own honor."
237
00:22:47,880 --> 00:22:52,237
Toward this end, our chosen representatives
Passed the Neutrality Act.
238
00:22:55,760 --> 00:23:00,788
No nation at war, could buy manufactured
arms or munitions from the United States.
239
00:23:01,720 --> 00:23:04,632
In 1936, when you were running
around in jalopies,
240
00:23:06,640 --> 00:23:09,552
...we were disturbed by news from Spain.
241
00:23:17,120 --> 00:23:20,669
In our news reels we saw German and
Italian air forces and armies...
242
00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:23,872
...fighting in Spain and wondered
what they were doing there.
243
00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:36,352
For the first time we saw great
cities squashed flat.
244
00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:40,032
Civilians bombed and killed.
245
00:23:57,120 --> 00:24:00,032
In November of 1936, the American
Institute of Public Opinion,
246
00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:01,879
...known as the gallop poll,
247
00:24:02,280 --> 00:24:05,192
...asked a representative of a
cross-section of the American people,
248
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,473
If another war develops in Europe,
249
00:24:08,880 --> 00:24:11,792
...should America take part again?"
250
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,912
NO! 95%
251
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:21,274
We the people had spoken. Nineteen out
of twenty had said, "Include us out!"
252
00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:26,996
...to further insulate ourselves, we added a cash
and carry amendment to the Neutrality Act.
253
00:24:31,640 --> 00:24:34,552
Not only wouldn't we sell munitions,
we wouldn't sell anything at all.
254
00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:40,953
Not even a spool of thread, unless warring powers
sent their own ships and paid cash on the line.
255
00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:46,552
In 1937 the Press services
received a flash from Asia...
256
00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:50,432
...launch all out China war... intensive.
257
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:10,392
Yes, the Japs were turning Asia
into a slaughterhouse.
258
00:25:10,760 --> 00:25:13,672
But for us, Asia was still far away.
259
00:25:15,360 --> 00:25:18,272
In September of 1937, the gallop poll asked us,
260
00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:23,396
In the present fight between Japs
and China, are your...
261
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,672
...sympathies with either side?"
262
00:25:27,800 --> 00:25:30,712
With China 43%, with Japan 2%
263
00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:35,592
Undecided 55%.
264
00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:38,832
We hadrt made up our minds about China.
265
00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:42,552
Our Neutrality Act, barred sales of
armaments only to nations at war.
266
00:25:44,640 --> 00:25:51,352
The Japanese had not declared war, so we went right
on selling scrap iron and gasoline to Japan.
267
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:54,992
In March of 1938, Hitler had not declared war either.
268
00:25:56,680 --> 00:26:00,434
But his goose-stepping army suddenly smashed in
and occupied all the soil of Austria.
269
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:09,317
Six months later, Hitler and his stooge
met the anxious democracy at Munich.
270
00:26:10,160 --> 00:26:15,837
Hitler promised peace in our time, if Britain
And France would give him that part of
271
00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:19,516
Czechoslovakia know as the Sudetenland.
272
00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:23,272
Britain and France gave him that part of
Czechoslovakia hoping...
273
00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:25,352
...to avert war.
274
00:26:28,160 --> 00:26:31,072
Now we had his word. Peace in our time.
275
00:26:33,760 --> 00:26:36,672
At home we began to hear strange headlines.
276
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:41,552
Extra! Extra! F.B.I. Captures Nazi spy ring!
277
00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:50,068
We sat in our theatres unbelieving, as motion
pictures exposed Nazi espionage in America.
278
00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:55,312
Dear Gentlemen, we know that
if America is to be free,
279
00:26:56,320 --> 00:26:59,232
...we must destroy the chain
that ties the whole misery...
280
00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:04,475
...of American politics together. And
that is the United States Constitution.
281
00:27:08,200 --> 00:27:10,031
Could these things really be?
282
00:27:10,480 --> 00:27:13,392
Yes these subversive acts, were happening
in real life, everyday.
283
00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:16,992
German-American bands organized for
the purpose of destroying us,
284
00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:20,632
...marched under our very noses.
285
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:37,915
I pledge undivided allegiance to the flag
of The United States of America.
286
00:27:40,040 --> 00:27:50,393
As a republic for which it stand, under one nation
indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
287
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:56,754
In our Press we read the news from abroad, that
Nazis were spending millions...
288
00:27:57,040 --> 00:27:59,952
...arming Germany to the teeth.
289
00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:15,192
We read that the Tokyo diet was
Appropriating tremendous sums,
290
00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:18,672
...converting Japan into one
vast munitions plant.
291
00:28:26,880 --> 00:28:31,874
We watched these supposedly poor, have-not
nations, spend huge sums for armament,
292
00:28:32,200 --> 00:28:33,349
...and we wondered why.
293
00:28:34,360 --> 00:28:36,874
Arrogantly, they told us why.
294
00:28:37,240 --> 00:28:40,516
They had declared war on us long
before the shooting had started.
295
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:46,080
We have actually been at war since the day
when we lifted the flag of our revolution
296
00:28:46,280 --> 00:28:48,157
against the democratic world!"
...- Mussolini
297
00:28:51,280 --> 00:28:57,833
The Germans are a noble and unique race to whom
the earth was given by the Grace of God." Hitler
298
00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:10,877
The world must come to look up to our emperor as
the great ruler of all nations." Lord Hotta
299
00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:20,712
When the people of these three nations, elected
To follow their leaders, death incorporated...
300
00:29:23,360 --> 00:29:26,272
They organized to smash personal freedom,
301
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:30,912
...equality of man,
302
00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,432
...freedom of speech,
303
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:38,078
...freedom of religion.
304
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:41,792
Organized to smash the very principals
that made us the people we are.
305
00:29:45,400 --> 00:29:48,312
So in December 1938, when
the gallop poll asked us,
306
00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:54,434
Should the United Sates increase the
strength of its Army, Navy and Air Force?"
307
00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,952
We answered YES 85%
308
00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:01,392
It was time to look to our defense.
309
00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:07,035
Gentlemen this is the Military Affairs
Committee House of Representatives,
310
00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:10,352
...meeting for the purpose of considering
311
00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:13,792
...national defense.
312
00:30:15,200 --> 00:30:19,796
The Navy is asking for an increase of 25%,
313
00:30:20,040 --> 00:30:25,319
...in authorized Naval tonnage, in view
of the grave international situation.
314
00:30:25,920 --> 00:30:28,832
Congress, reflecting the voice of the people,
315
00:30:29,200 --> 00:30:33,478
...appropriated the largest sum for military use,
ever voted during peace in American history.
316
00:30:34,760 --> 00:30:37,672
We didn't dream that a few years later
it would look like peanuts.
317
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:46,394
On March 14, 1939, Adolf Hitler broke
the pledge he made at Munich.
318
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:49,912
He took over all the rest of Czechoslovakia.
319
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:54,152
There would be no more peace in our time.
320
00:30:54,480 --> 00:31:00,237
April 7, 1939. As we here in America
observe Good Friday.
321
00:31:05,200 --> 00:31:08,112
Extra paper, extra paper!
Italy attacks Albania!"
322
00:31:14,600 --> 00:31:18,036
The picture was becoming clear.
The conquering forces of violence were...
323
00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:21,072
...being set loose in the world.
324
00:31:22,360 --> 00:31:25,272
In a last desperate effort
to avert a World War,
325
00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,952
President Roosevelt sent messages
to Hitler and Mussolini
326
00:31:29,720 --> 00:31:32,632
...asking their promise to respect
the independence of 33 countries.
327
00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:42,637
To Adolf Hitler, this message was a
huge joke, as he repeated the names.
328
00:32:05,440 --> 00:32:08,352
This was the only answer
that the President received.
329
00:32:12,840 --> 00:32:15,752
On September 1, 1939, the Nazi army
smashed into Poland.
330
00:32:25,720 --> 00:32:28,632
Warsaw
331
00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:55,072
England and France had a treaty with Poland.
Would they act now?
332
00:32:56,680 --> 00:32:58,511
At home, we listened:
333
00:32:59,240 --> 00:33:01,515
Adolf Hitler's all out attack on Poland,
334
00:33:01,880 --> 00:33:04,348
...makes the long-dreaded European war
a certainty."
335
00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:07,712
Prime Minister Chamberlain of Great Britain
gave the Nazi leader...
336
00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:11,032
...a zero hour for withdrawing
his troops from Poland."
337
00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:16,351
That zero hour ends now. At this time
we transfer you to London...
338
00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:19,912
...for an important announcement
by the British Prime Minister."
339
00:33:20,840 --> 00:33:24,753
Up to the very last, it would have been
quite possible to have arranged a...
340
00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:28,994
...peaceable and honorable settlement,
between Germany and Poland."
341
00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:31,711
But Hitler would not have it."
342
00:33:32,160 --> 00:33:35,072
In a situation, in which
no word given by...
343
00:33:35,600 --> 00:33:38,239
...Germany's ruler could be trusted,
344
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:41,757
...and no people or its country could feel
itself safe, had become intolerable."
345
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:46,472
Now may God bless you all,
346
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:51,155
...and may he defend the right. For it is evil
things we should be fighting against,
347
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:56,788
and against them I am certain,
that the right will prevail."
348
00:33:58,560 --> 00:34:01,472
Six hours after Great Britain
declared war on Nazi Germany,
349
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:04,872
...the Republic of France followed. All
France is in a mail-storm of activity.
350
00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:09,792
The Maginot Line has already
opened fire on the Germans.
351
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:14,632
World War Two has begun.
352
00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:21,198
At home we were asked:
353
00:34:21,600 --> 00:34:24,512
What country do you consider
responsible for causing this war?
354
00:34:25,480 --> 00:34:27,471
Germany 82%
355
00:34:28,840 --> 00:34:33,231
We Americans had no doubt who started it,
Also we began to fear that this warm...
356
00:34:33,680 --> 00:34:35,193
...was going concern us.
357
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:38,315
President Roosevelt, called a special
session of Congress
358
00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:40,835
to reconsider the embargo against
selling munitions.
359
00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:46,153
"I have asked the Congress to
reassemble in extraordinary session,
360
00:34:48,080 --> 00:34:50,992
...in order that it may consider
and act on,
361
00:34:51,400 --> 00:34:53,595
...changes in our Neutrality Law."
362
00:34:54,080 --> 00:34:56,992
The men of Congress wrestled with
their beliefs and our future.
363
00:34:57,520 --> 00:34:59,511
They debated and they argued.
364
00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:02,832
"The arms embargo is far
too great a security,
365
00:35:04,640 --> 00:35:07,552
...to American peace, to permit
its surrender...
366
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:09,149
...without a last-ditch fight."
367
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:12,832
The embargo act, as it now stands,
368
00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:16,272
is one-sided and works entirely
to the advantage of one side.
369
00:35:18,280 --> 00:35:20,640
Therefore the embargo act
should be modified."
370
00:35:20,640 --> 00:35:22,080
Therefore the embargo act
should be modified."
371
00:35:22,080 --> 00:35:26,278
We the people also argued and debated,
whether we should sell arms and munitions.
372
00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:30,110
When the question was put to us,
we had an answer.
373
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:33,632
Should we change the neutrality act so we
can sell war supplies?
374
00:35:35,280 --> 00:35:38,192
YES 57%
375
00:35:38,960 --> 00:35:41,872
Shortly after, our Representatives
changed the Neutrality Act.
376
00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:44,795
ARMS EMBARGO REPEALED
Arms for sale, but come and get them
377
00:35:45,440 --> 00:35:48,352
We lifted the embargo on arms and munitions.
378
00:35:48,920 --> 00:35:53,038
Now we would sell, if purchasers would pay
and take the stuff away in their own ships.
379
00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:57,792
American ships were still barred
from combat zones.
380
00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:01,472
Meanwhile on the other side of the globe.
381
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:06,709
Japan was busy trying to bomb, shoot and
Terrorize the Chinese into submission.
382
00:36:07,840 --> 00:36:12,709
We began to realize that if Japan
conquered 400 million Chinese,
383
00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:16,072
...she might become so strong as
to run us right out of the Pacific.
384
00:36:24,000 --> 00:36:28,039
You will remember that two years earlier
in September 1937,
385
00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:31,312
...when we were asked: In the present fight
between Japan and China,
386
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,912
...are your sympathies with either side?
387
00:36:36,200 --> 00:36:39,112
Only 43% were with China,
most of us were undecided.
388
00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:43,232
In June 1939, when we were asked
the same question:
389
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:49,072
74% said we were with China.
390
00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:53,911
Now our minds were made up.
391
00:36:54,440 --> 00:36:57,716
When we loaded our scrap-iron on
Japanese ships, our citizens protested.
392
00:36:59,440 --> 00:37:02,352
Let Mr. Acheson, Assistant Secretary of State,
tell us the inside of the story.
393
00:37:03,560 --> 00:37:07,917
So until the middle of 1940,
the restriction of exports to Japan,
394
00:37:08,280 --> 00:37:13,638
...took the form of moral embargos
of air-planes and direct munitions."
395
00:37:14,520 --> 00:37:17,432
Then Congress passed the Export Control Act."
396
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:22,790
And increasing cut offs of scrap iron, aviation
Gasoline and other strategic items followed."
397
00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:30,353
Exports were curtailed to the limit, which those
responsible for our defense were willing to risk."
398
00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:33,191
It was a fearful responsibility."
399
00:37:34,480 --> 00:37:37,392
On one side was the possibility,
in fact the probability...
400
00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:41,232
...that one day these materials
might be used against us."
401
00:37:42,680 --> 00:37:46,798
On the other side was the possibility,
in fact the probability,
402
00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:51,917
...to cut them off, would provoke an attack
which we were not then prepared to resist."
403
00:37:53,480 --> 00:37:55,755
Finally in the summer of 1941,
404
00:37:57,040 --> 00:38:01,431
...as it was becoming clear, that Japan was
turning its back on every possibility
405
00:38:01,720 --> 00:38:08,159
of reconciliation and adjustment, and
was determined on her great gamble of conquest.
406
00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:10,159
...all exports ceased.
407
00:38:10,720 --> 00:38:15,032
April 9, 1940, the leaders of Nazi Germany
Shifted their war machine into high gear.
408
00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:18,792
They overran into Denmark,
they smashed into Norway.
409
00:38:20,680 --> 00:38:26,437
On May 10, 1940, they blitzed
into Holland and Belgium.
410
00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:31,671
The Nazis are marching ahead at the fastest speed
a conquering army has moved in all history.
411
00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:34,952
All roads in France are choked with
slow-moving masses of refugees.
412
00:38:35,440 --> 00:38:39,638
Nazi dive-bombers are bombing countless of
thousands of defenseless woman and children.
413
00:38:40,360 --> 00:38:46,071
Good-evening everybody. Tonight
it seems clearly apparent that...
414
00:38:46,720 --> 00:38:50,952
...the first great phase of the war
in the west has been won by Germany.
415
00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:55,998
The army of French and British has made
a valiant battle in its effort to...
416
00:38:56,360 --> 00:38:59,272
...retreat to Dunkerque where there is
some slight chance that...
417
00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:00,794
...some part of it can be evacuated."
418
00:39:01,440 --> 00:39:04,352
Adolf Hitler's mechanized forces are
racing towards Paris...
419
00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:06,597
...as French resistance collapses."
420
00:39:07,400 --> 00:39:12,793
On this tenth day of June, of
nineteen hundred and forty
421
00:39:14,720 --> 00:39:21,319
...the hand that held the dagger, has struck it
into the back of its neighbor."
422
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:27,832
This is William L. Shivers, speaking
from the forest of Campaign,
423
00:39:28,320 --> 00:39:31,232
...where Adolf Hitler today is handing
his Armistice terms to France.
424
00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:37,997
It is 3: 15 p. M. Adolf Hitler strides
slowly to the little clearing.
425
00:39:38,960 --> 00:39:43,078
I can see his face. It is grave, solemn,
yet brimming with revenge.
426
00:39:44,880 --> 00:39:47,792
Off to one side, is a large
statue of Marshall Foch.
427
00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,475
Hitler does not appear to see it.
428
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:55,592
Now we see the French walking down the avenue,
429
00:39:56,120 --> 00:39:57,712
Lead by General Huntziger.
430
00:39:58,240 --> 00:40:01,152
Hitler and the other German leaders rise,
as the French enter.
431
00:40:02,560 --> 00:40:05,472
General Keitel reads the preamble
to the German Armistice's Terms.
432
00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:09,992
This whole ceremony is over
in a quarter of an hour.
433
00:41:25,440 --> 00:41:28,352
Conquering armies now stood
on the shores of the Atlantic.
434
00:41:32,840 --> 00:41:35,752
Fire!"
435
00:41:37,040 --> 00:41:39,952
The danger was suddenly close.
Countries conquered by...
436
00:41:40,400 --> 00:41:44,916
...the Nazis had possession outside of Europe.
Some of these possessions were in America.
437
00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:50,072
Would the Nazi demand the French
Naval units at Martinique?
438
00:41:50,760 --> 00:41:53,672
Would the Nazis move into the
Dutch oil fields of Curacao?
439
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:57,512
Would the Nazis seize the French Naval base
At Dakar for invasion of South America?
440
00:41:59,080 --> 00:42:02,959
Already in Brazil, there were over
1 million Germans who lived exactly...
441
00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:05,158
...as they did in Germany.
442
00:42:05,760 --> 00:42:08,672
Twelve hundred German schools,
with Nazi textbooks and Nazi teachers.
443
00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:14,790
Nazi newspapers. Gliding clubs
had been established.
444
00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:21,399
Also in Brazil, there were 260 thousand
Japanese taking orders from Japan.
445
00:42:22,080 --> 00:42:24,992
In Ecuador, within easy bombing range
of the Panama Canal,
446
00:42:26,480 --> 00:42:30,439
German airlines had been established. German
pilots were reserve officers of the Luftwaffe.
447
00:42:31,960 --> 00:42:34,872
The German transport planes, had
bomb racks already built in.
448
00:42:36,520 --> 00:42:39,432
In Argentina, German athletic clubs,
similar to the Hitler Youth Movement,
449
00:42:40,640 --> 00:42:43,552
...had been organized exclusively for Germans.
450
00:42:44,520 --> 00:42:47,432
Here was a Fifth Column ready to take over.
451
00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:51,112
Havana Conference for the defense
of The Americas. July 22, 1940.
452
00:42:51,640 --> 00:42:53,995
Havana, we met with 20 other
American Republics.
453
00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:57,792
There must not be a shadow of
a doubt anywhere,
454
00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:01,912
...as to the determination of
the American nations,
455
00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:10,435
...not to permit the invasion of their
hemisphere of the armed forces...
456
00:43:10,720 --> 00:43:13,154
...of any power or any possible
combination of powers."
457
00:43:13,880 --> 00:43:15,836
Twenty American nations stood firm.
458
00:43:16,480 --> 00:43:19,392
The Americans would not let any European
colony in this hemisphere...
459
00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:22,589
...to be transferred to
a non-American power.
460
00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,912
We said KEEP OUT. We meant it.
461
00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:30,513
We must increase production
facilities for everything needed...
462
00:43:30,960 --> 00:43:33,872
...for the Army and Navy
for National Defense.
463
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:37,912
I believe that this nation
should plan at this time,
464
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:46,191
...that will provide us with
50 thousand military and naval planes.
465
00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:49,992
To protect our shores, we authorized
construction of a two-ocean Navy.
466
00:43:51,560 --> 00:43:55,678
The greatest the world has ever known.
At least it would be the greatest Navy,
467
00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:57,194
...when completed in 1944.
468
00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:01,196
But then, in 1940 it was only a paper Navy.
469
00:44:01,880 --> 00:44:05,793
Our fighting forces at that time,
consisted of an army of 187 thousand men,
470
00:44:06,480 --> 00:44:13,750
...a navy of 120 thousand, and this dot
was the air corps 22,387 strong.
471
00:44:14,440 --> 00:44:17,352
All told, 330,000 men.
472
00:44:18,400 --> 00:44:21,312
We had makeshift equipment.
473
00:44:22,080 --> 00:44:24,548
Stove pipes for canons.
474
00:44:25,560 --> 00:44:27,994
Bags of flour for bombs.
475
00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:31,352
Trucks were labeled Tanks.
476
00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:37,752
Our infantry had exactly 488 machine guns.
477
00:44:38,960 --> 00:44:41,872
We possessed 235 pieces of field artillery.
478
00:44:42,480 --> 00:44:45,392
Ten light and eighteen medium tanks.
479
00:44:46,080 --> 00:44:48,992
That was the army of The United States
in May in 1940,
480
00:44:49,160 --> 00:44:52,072
...the month in which
the Nazis overran France.
481
00:44:52,640 --> 00:44:55,552
...so we called on the minute-men.
The National Guard of the 48th State.
482
00:44:57,120 --> 00:45:00,032
And placed them into Federal Service.
483
00:45:04,360 --> 00:45:07,272
And most important, Congress
passed the Selective Service Act.
484
00:45:08,240 --> 00:45:11,152
For the first time in our history, we began
Mobilizing an army while still at peace.
485
00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:18,637
"The first number is serial number 158."
486
00:45:36,160 --> 00:45:41,757
"The second number which has just
been drawn is 192."
487
00:46:30,200 --> 00:46:33,112
It wasrt too soon. Time was running out.
488
00:46:34,560 --> 00:46:37,472
The Nazis had begun their shattering
blitz on Britain.
489
00:46:40,520 --> 00:46:43,432
"Hello America. This is Edward Morella
speaking from London."
490
00:46:44,160 --> 00:46:47,630
There were more German planes over the coast of
Britain today, then at anytime since the war began."
491
00:46:48,640 --> 00:46:51,552
Anti air-craft guns were in action
along the south-east coast today,
492
00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:05,914
...back on Main Street U. S.A."
493
00:47:06,480 --> 00:47:09,392
Daily we followed Britairs life-struggle.
For if Britain died,
494
00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:11,318
...we would be in grave peril.
495
00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:15,352
Our first line of defense in
the Atlantic, the British Fleet,
496
00:47:15,680 --> 00:47:17,318
...might go to Nazi Germany.
497
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:20,952
We would be unprotected. Our shores,
our people, our homes, in danger.
498
00:47:22,960 --> 00:47:25,110
Britain must not fall!
499
00:47:26,480 --> 00:47:30,029
In our harbors idle and rotting
lay ancient destroyers.
500
00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:33,552
They had been built for WW I,
but this was WW II.
501
00:47:34,600 --> 00:47:39,594
And this gave us an idea. Fifty tired,
over-aged destroyers were re-vitalized,
502
00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:42,109
...transferred to Great Britain.
503
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:46,912
In return, we acquired further
protection of our shores,
504
00:47:47,640 --> 00:47:50,552
...we received a chain of bases stretching
from Newfoundland to British Guiana.
505
00:47:53,240 --> 00:47:56,152
...these bases threw a steel wall
around the Caribbean.
506
00:47:57,480 --> 00:48:00,392
These bases gave new safety
to the Panama Canal.
507
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:05,272
It was now clear to the aggressors
that we were conscience...
508
00:48:05,720 --> 00:48:08,632
...of the threat they represented
to our country.
509
00:48:09,240 --> 00:48:13,438
Mr. Berle, Assistant Secretary of State, will tell
us how they got together and tried to scare us of.
510
00:48:15,440 --> 00:48:19,797
From 1936 on, it became increasingly
clear to the world,
511
00:48:20,160 --> 00:48:24,676
...that Germany, Italy and Japan,
were pursuing a common...
512
00:48:25,120 --> 00:48:28,032
...pattern of aggression, both
in Europe and in the Far East."
513
00:48:29,720 --> 00:48:32,632
On September 27, 1940,
514
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:37,478
...these three powers signed the
so-called Pact of Berlin."
515
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:41,112
Or Tripartite Pact."
516
00:48:41,680 --> 00:48:42,954
A treaty of far-reaching alliance.
517
00:48:44,840 --> 00:48:50,995
By that treaty, it was provided that the three
countries would assist one another with,
518
00:48:52,200 --> 00:48:55,112
...all political, economic
and military means...
519
00:48:56,000 --> 00:49:02,235
...when one of the powers were attacked, note
particularly the use of the word "attacked"...
520
00:49:02,840 --> 00:49:10,394
...by a power not then involved in the European
war, or in the Chinese/Japanese conflict."
521
00:49:11,120 --> 00:49:15,113
The last of these provisions were aimed
directly at the United States."
522
00:49:16,640 --> 00:49:19,552
Tokyo celebrates.
523
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:30,552
Rome cheered.
524
00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:36,192
Berlin heiled itself hoarse.
525
00:49:37,480 --> 00:49:40,392
It was clear now that the 3 axis's
countries stood against us.
526
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:45,512
More anxious than ever, we watched the
life and death struggle for the possession...
527
00:49:46,160 --> 00:49:49,072
...of the skies over Britain.
528
00:50:05,800 --> 00:50:08,712
Despite the propaganda and
confusion in the recent months,
529
00:50:10,240 --> 00:50:13,152
...it is now obvious that England
is losing the war.
530
00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:16,992
England will not only survive,
England will win!
531
00:50:30,560 --> 00:50:32,118
So, when we were asked:
532
00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:37,675
Should we keep out of war or
aid Britain even at the risk of war?
533
00:50:38,320 --> 00:50:41,232
Aid Britain even at the risk of war 68%
534
00:50:42,360 --> 00:50:45,272
Thus the march of conquest at the
self-termed Master Racists
535
00:50:46,080 --> 00:50:48,992
...changed our national attitude from 1936
536
00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:52,552
...when only one out of twenty Americans
thought we would be involved in war.
537
00:50:54,240 --> 00:51:01,271
To 1941, when 14 out of 20 Americans were
will to risk war, if war was necessary...
538
00:51:01,440 --> 00:51:02,714
...to insure axis defeat.
539
00:51:03,720 --> 00:51:06,632
I ask this Congress for authority and funds,
540
00:51:08,200 --> 00:51:14,389
...sufficient to manufacture additional
munitions and war supplied of many kinds,
541
00:51:15,040 --> 00:51:19,750
...to be turned over to those nations
who are now in actual war,
542
00:51:20,440 --> 00:51:23,352
...with aggressor nations."
543
00:51:24,720 --> 00:51:28,838
Our useful and immediate role is
to act as an arsenal...
544
00:51:29,320 --> 00:51:32,232
...for them as well as for ourselves."
545
00:51:33,240 --> 00:51:37,836
We shall send in ever-increasing
Numbers of ships,
546
00:51:38,160 --> 00:51:44,110
...planes, tanks, guns. That is
our purpose, and our pledge."
547
00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:47,712
By an overwhelming majority,
Congress passed Lend-lease.
548
00:51:48,160 --> 00:51:51,072
Bill number 1776. Another
Declaration of independence,
549
00:51:53,080 --> 00:51:55,992
...independence from tyranny, 1941 style.
550
00:51:59,720 --> 00:52:04,999
On April 6, 1941, the Nazi juggernaut
overran into Yugoslavia and Greece.
551
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:15,715
On June 22, 1941 the success-crazed Nazis took
their longest step toward world conquest.
552
00:52:16,120 --> 00:52:19,032
Without any declaration of war,
they blitzed into Russia.
553
00:52:26,120 --> 00:52:30,796
We were determined not to let down
any nations defending themselves...
554
00:52:31,080 --> 00:52:32,229
...against unprovoked attack.
555
00:52:32,640 --> 00:52:35,552
So we extend land-lease
to these new victims.
556
00:52:36,640 --> 00:52:39,552
Now the land-lease products of
our factories were being unloaded...
557
00:52:39,960 --> 00:52:42,872
...in the bombed ports of Great Britain,
558
00:52:43,240 --> 00:52:46,152
...at the Red Sea Ports for the British in Africa.
559
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:50,152
Lend-lease was being hauled over
the Burma road to China.
560
00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:56,753
Lend-lease was piling up in Murmansk
and Iran for Russia.
561
00:52:58,960 --> 00:53:04,512
Why did we supply war materials to the countries
defending themselves from against axis aggression?
562
00:53:05,360 --> 00:53:08,272
Was it for our natural sympathies for
people unwilling to lose their freedoms?
563
00:53:09,160 --> 00:53:13,517
Was it our ancient antagonism to conquerors
imposing their rule on others by force?
564
00:53:15,120 --> 00:53:18,954
Yes partly. But principally it was
because the American people,
565
00:53:19,480 --> 00:53:24,235
...had become certain, that they were on
the list of free nations to be conquered.
566
00:53:24,880 --> 00:53:31,069
"Two worlds are in conflict - two philosophies
of life. One of these two worlds must break asunder"
567
00:53:32,240 --> 00:53:37,439
And we were the leading example of that free world
that Hitler was committed to breaking asunder.
568
00:53:38,560 --> 00:53:42,997
What would have been our defensive position
if the aggressors had succeeded in...
569
00:53:43,360 --> 00:53:47,751
...conquering Britain, Russia, and China?
570
00:53:49,440 --> 00:53:52,034
German conquests of Europe and Africa,
571
00:53:52,160 --> 00:53:56,950
...would bring all their raw-materials,
plus their entire industrial development...
572
00:53:57,320 --> 00:54:00,232
...under one control.
573
00:54:00,840 --> 00:54:05,550
Of the 2 Billion people in the world,
the Nazis would rule roughly one-quarter
574
00:54:06,080 --> 00:54:12,189
The 500 million people of Europe and Africa,
forced into slavery to labor for Germany.
575
00:54:14,800 --> 00:54:18,873
German conquest of Russia, would
add the vast raw materials...
576
00:54:19,120 --> 00:54:23,238
...and the production facilities of
another of the worlds industrial areas.
577
00:54:23,720 --> 00:54:28,271
And of the world's people, another 2 hundred million
would be added to the Nazi labor pile.
578
00:54:29,520 --> 00:54:32,432
Japanese conquest of the Orient.
579
00:54:32,960 --> 00:54:36,555
Would pour into their factories the almost
unlimited resources of that area.
580
00:54:37,520 --> 00:54:40,432
And of the people's of the earth,
a thousand million...
581
00:54:41,120 --> 00:54:43,315
...would come under their rule.
582
00:54:43,720 --> 00:54:46,188
Slaves for their industrial machines.
583
00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:55,272
We in North and South America would be left with the
raw material of three-tenths of the earth's surface.
584
00:54:55,800 --> 00:54:58,712
Against the axis with the resources of seven-tenths.
585
00:54:59,680 --> 00:55:04,196
We would have one industrial region,
against their three industrial regions.
586
00:55:04,760 --> 00:55:08,435
We would have one-eighth of the world's
Population against their seven-eighths.
587
00:55:10,360 --> 00:55:14,239
If we, together with the nations of
North and South America,
588
00:55:14,400 --> 00:55:17,551
...could mobilize 30 millions
fully equipped men,
589
00:55:17,920 --> 00:55:20,832
...the axis could mobilize 200 million.
590
00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:25,799
Thus an Axis victory in Europe and Asia
would leave us alone and virtually surrounded.
591
00:55:27,520 --> 00:55:30,432
Facing enemies ten times stronger than ourselves.
592
00:55:31,200 --> 00:55:34,112
These are the reasons that lead us,
the American people
593
00:55:34,480 --> 00:55:35,879
to change the Neutrality Act.
594
00:55:37,440 --> 00:55:40,352
To send aid to Britain, to Russia, to China,
595
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:44,912
...to make ourselves the arsenal of democracy.
596
00:55:46,560 --> 00:55:49,472
These are the reasons why now,
the first American troops...
597
00:55:50,160 --> 00:55:52,230
...set forth into the Atlantic.
598
00:55:52,480 --> 00:55:55,392
To occupy new bases in Greenland and Iceland.
599
00:55:55,760 --> 00:55:58,672
With the consent of their local governments.
600
00:55:59,160 --> 00:56:05,395
In our hands, bases of defense,
in Nazis hands, bases of death.
601
00:56:12,520 --> 00:56:16,229
The Germans opened unrestricted submarine
warfare.
602
00:56:34,400 --> 00:56:40,191
If today, the Navy should make
secure the seas,
603
00:56:40,600 --> 00:56:43,512
...for the delivery of our
munitions to Great Britain,
604
00:56:44,560 --> 00:56:47,472
...it will render as great
a service to our country,
605
00:56:49,560 --> 00:56:52,472
...and to the preservation
of American freedom,
606
00:56:53,280 --> 00:56:56,192
...as it has ever rendered in all
its glorious history."
607
00:56:57,000 --> 00:56:59,912
"We want those cargoes protected."
608
00:57:03,320 --> 00:57:06,232
An aroused Congress repealed the entire
Neutrality Act.
609
00:57:09,720 --> 00:57:14,555
We armed our merchants. And for the first time
they steamed into combat zones to deliver land-lease.
610
00:57:16,680 --> 00:57:20,639
While this was going on in the Atlantic,
the Japs, by so-called agreement...
611
00:57:21,240 --> 00:57:24,152
...with the proper government of
defeated France, moved into Indo China.
612
00:57:32,320 --> 00:57:37,792
There were now only two threats to their
plan for their conquest of greater East Asia.
613
00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:41,560
First was their northern neighbor, Russia.
614
00:57:41,920 --> 00:57:44,832
The only military power within striking
distance of Japan.
615
00:57:45,320 --> 00:57:48,232
The Nazis were taking care of Russia.
616
00:57:48,800 --> 00:57:50,153
The second threat to Japanese conquest was us.
617
00:57:51,200 --> 00:57:55,910
Japanese southward expansion was too dangerous to
attempt with our bases still standing in the
618
00:57:56,240 --> 00:58:01,314
Philippines and our supply lines
open to Wake, to Midway and Hawaii.
619
00:58:02,040 --> 00:58:06,670
We were in their way, we had to be
removed, but the Japanese way.
620
00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:09,952
Off to Washington went
Special Ambassador Kuruso.
621
00:58:11,040 --> 00:58:13,395
And on what the Japs said was
a mission of peace.
622
00:58:13,800 --> 00:58:17,475
But carefully synchronized with his departure,
was a departure of a Jap task force.
623
00:58:18,040 --> 00:58:20,952
Under sealed orders, not on a mission of peace.
624
00:58:23,400 --> 00:58:27,837
On November 14th, Mr. Kuruso arrived
in San Francisco, smiling his...
625
00:58:28,200 --> 00:58:31,112
...toothy smile as he sang the old song
of Japanese friendship.
626
00:58:33,320 --> 00:58:37,074
The Japanese were peace-loving people.
Their whole policy was devoted to...
627
00:58:37,320 --> 00:58:40,232
...the establishment of permanent peace in Asia.
628
00:58:40,720 --> 00:58:43,632
Our aid to China, was delaying the
establishment of that peace.
629
00:58:44,240 --> 00:58:48,677
Our refusal to sell them oil and scrap was
interfering with the establishment of that peace.
630
00:58:49,520 --> 00:58:53,672
Our objections to them taking over
the East Indies, greater East Asia was...
631
00:58:53,840 --> 00:58:56,752
...an interruption in the establishment
of that peace. All they wanted was peace.
632
00:58:59,240 --> 00:59:02,152
On November 17, Mr. Kuruso
and Japanese...
633
00:59:02,560 --> 00:59:06,872
...Ambassador Namura were received
by the President, in the presence of...
634
00:59:07,200 --> 00:59:09,350
...The Secretary of State Cordell Hull.
635
00:59:10,000 --> 00:59:13,879
It very quickly became clear, that the
Japanese had brought no new proposals...
636
00:59:14,360 --> 00:59:18,239
...and that the Japanese intended to
continue their campaign to conquer China...
637
00:59:18,560 --> 00:59:21,472
...and all East Asia.
638
00:59:22,400 --> 00:59:27,428
On November 26th, our Secretary of State presented
the Japanese with the bases of peaceful agreement...
639
00:59:27,800 --> 00:59:29,279
...between the two nations.
640
00:59:29,840 --> 00:59:32,752
The proposal was forwarded to Tokyo.
The Japs had to stall for time.
641
00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:37,432
But only a short time. A task force
was nearing its goal.
642
00:59:40,240 --> 00:59:43,152
Sunday, December 7, 1941
643
01:00:14,880 --> 01:00:17,792
One p. M., eastern standard time,
644
01:00:18,360 --> 01:00:21,272
...the Japanese Ambassadors are expected
at the State Department
645
01:00:21,600 --> 01:00:24,512
to keep a one o'clock appointment that
they had requested in order to present their...
646
01:00:24,880 --> 01:00:26,359
...answers to our proposals.
647
01:00:26,960 --> 01:00:29,872
One O five p. M. The Japanese planes are
approaching Hawaii.
648
01:00:36,920 --> 01:00:42,631
One ten p. M. The Japanese emissaries telephone
to postpone their appointment until 1:45.
649
01:00:43,480 --> 01:00:46,392
1:20 p. M.
650
01:01:59,640 --> 01:02:04,794
2:00 p. M. The Japanese envoys smiling and correct,
arrive at the State Department.
651
01:02:05,720 --> 01:02:08,632
2:20 p. M.
652
01:02:30,360 --> 01:02:34,194
Japanese planes had been sowing death and
destruction for an hour on...
653
01:02:34,440 --> 01:02:38,672
...American outposts in the Pacific, when
the Japanese envoy presented a memorandum to Mr.
Hull.
654
01:02:40,640 --> 01:02:45,475
"Here is the memorandum presented to me."
655
01:02:46,320 --> 01:02:50,233
As you can see, it is quite
a lengthy document."
656
01:02:50,600 --> 01:02:55,879
I read it horridly, discovering
it contained a recycled...
657
01:02:56,400 --> 01:03:01,428
...macho accusations against
the United States."
658
01:03:02,720 --> 01:03:05,632
Charging it among other things with quote:
659
01:03:07,680 --> 01:03:10,592
Scheming for the extension of the war."
660
01:03:11,160 --> 01:03:14,072
Preparing to attack Germany and Italy."
661
01:03:14,400 --> 01:03:17,312
Trying to establish a new order in Europe."
662
01:03:18,160 --> 01:03:23,188
And ignoring Japars sacrifices
in the China Affair."
663
01:03:23,920 --> 01:03:26,832
Menacing the Empire's existence itself."
664
01:03:27,560 --> 01:03:29,994
And disparaging its honor and prestige."
665
01:03:31,240 --> 01:03:35,836
After reading the note, I said
to the Japan Ambassadors...
666
01:03:36,600 --> 01:03:45,030
...I have never seen a document so crowded
with infamous falsehoods and distortion...
667
01:03:45,360 --> 01:03:49,558
...on a scale so huge, that I never
would have imagined...
668
01:03:49,960 --> 01:03:55,557
...that any government on this planet
was capable of uttering them."
669
01:04:19,720 --> 01:04:25,636
I ask that Congress declare,
that since the unprovoked...
670
01:04:26,360 --> 01:04:30,911
...and dastardly attack by Japan...
671
01:04:31,440 --> 01:04:36,116
...on Sunday, December 7, 1941...
672
01:04:37,040 --> 01:04:47,359
...a state of war has existed between
the Untied States and the Japanese Empire."
673
01:05:02,320 --> 01:05:05,232
Victory of the democracies can only
be complete with the utter defeat of...
674
01:05:05,600 --> 01:05:08,512
...the war machines of Germany and Japan."
C. G. Marshall.
60672
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.