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D-Day.
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Behind the invasion lies a
secret story never before told,
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of how King George VI,
the Queen,
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and even Princess Elizabeth,
the queen-to-be,
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were enlisted by MI5 to
fool Hitler about D-Day.
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In this story of double
agents and decoys,
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a groundbreaking investigation,
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uncovers for the first time,
the identity of the grandest
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and most secret of them all,
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George VI himself.
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The investigation further
reveals how he was entrusted
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with one of Britain's greatest
state secrets of World War II.
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How the royal household
managed to lose it whilst it
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was in the King's possession,
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that only the intervention of
the Queen Mother saved the day,
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and how the monarchy emerged
from the shame of appeasement
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to put itself at the heart
of Britain's secret state.
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Ever since World War II,
George VI's true role in D-Day
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remained a secret.
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Then Professor Richard Aldrich
of Warwick University,
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and Dr. Rory Cormac of
Nottingham University,
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made a tantalizing discovery
in the diaries of the
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King's Private Secretary
Sir Alan Lascelles.
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Alan Lascelles, known as Tommy,
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was the King's
Private Secretary,
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so the most senior courtier
in the land and went on to be
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Private Secretary for
Queen Elizabeth II as well.
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He was very old
fashioned, an old, world kind of man.
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And he left a diary.
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And there's one very
interesting clue in his diary
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giving insight,
a snippet of insight,
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into the King's
personal role in the
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D, -Day Deception Operation.
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Lascelles' diary records
a visit to Buckingham Palace
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in March 1944 by MI5 officers.
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Friday 3rd of March 1944.
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Two MI Men called
on me yesterday,
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and explained how the King's
visits in the next few months
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could assist the elaborate
cover scheme whereby we are
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endeavoring to bamboozle the
German Intelligence over the
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time and place for 'Overlord.'
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And this is a
really significant clue,
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because it just gives us a little hint
that the King not only knew
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about one of the biggest
secrets of the war,
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but had an active and
personal role in it himself.
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Then a second
discovery gave further
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evidence of the King's role.
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In 1950, five years
after the war's end,
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the MI5 officer who'd run the
D-Day deception operation,
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John Masterman,
sent a top secret document
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to Buckingham Palace.
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It was an internal report
Masterman had written for MI5,
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and it described every detail
of the World War II deception
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operations he'd run.
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Masterman called it
his 'secret book'.
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This is one of the most secret documents
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in British government.
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It captures a whole new art
form of secret service,
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or at least an art form taken
to a whole new level that
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Britain had developed during
the second world war.
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Masterman sent his
'secret book' to the King
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care of Alan Lascelles,
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who was still the King's
private secretary.
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Lascelles replied to
acknowledge safe receipt.
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Dear Masterman,
Thank you so much for trusting me
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with the book.
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I'm most grateful.
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It looks thrilling.
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I know that my
master will read it with as much interest
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and admiration as
I shall myself.
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Yours sincerely, Alan Lascelles.
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These two discoveries,
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the first hinting at the
King's secret role in D-Day,
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the second showing that he
was close enough to MI5 to be
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allowed sight of such a top,
secret document,
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sent Aldrich and
Cormac on a quest.
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What really was George VI's
wartime role?
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And how had he come to
be so trusted by MI5
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when, at the beginning
of his reign,
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it had viewed him
with suspicion?
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In December 1936
George's brother,
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Edward VIII, abdicated.
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The British Intelligence
Services suspected Edward of
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being a Nazi sympathizer.
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They even put him under
secret surveillance,
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and tapped his phone.
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MI5's suspicions about
the monarchy continued,
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particularly the new King's
attitude to the Prime Minister
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Neville Chamberlain's
policy of appeasing Hitler.
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The intelligence services are watching
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everybody who was connected
with appeasement.
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Chamberlain and also
the royal family,
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because there are continual
emissaries to Germany,
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and of course, there's the
shadow of Edward VIII.
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Edward VIII
who is known to be close to Hitler,
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close to the Germans.
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MI5 hoped that
George would not follow in his
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brother's footsteps.
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Everyone associates
appeasement with Edward VIII.
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But King George wasn't
a Nazi sympathizer,
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but he was an appeaser,
because he did not want to go
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to war with Nazi Germany.
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Not only had he lived
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through the horrors of
the First World War,
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but also feared that a war
might threaten to destroy
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the, the British Monarchy.
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Nazism, it didn't have such
a threat to the British
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establishment or the British
Monarchy in a way that say
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Communism did.
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So there's this desire here to
stave off war at all costs.
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And here is the paper which bears his name
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upon it as well as mine.
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For MI5, the Munich
agreement of September 1938
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was a pivotal moment in its
battle against appeasement.
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The Security Service
expected King George VI
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to stay neutral.
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The King
is a constitutional monarch.
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It is not his job to weigh
on the biggest and most
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controversial political
issues of the day.
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Instead, in this letter,
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unearthed by Rory Cormac,
George wrote privately to Chamberlain,
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leaving no doubt where he stood.
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My Dear Prime Minister,
I am sending this letter...
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By my Lord Chamberlain,
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to ask you if you will come
straight to Buckingham Palace,
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so that I can express to
you personally my heartfelt
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congratulations on the success
of your visit to Munich.
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Believe me.
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Yours very sincerely and
gratefully, George RI.
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What we see here is the King
personally backing one faction of,
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of, of the Cabinet,
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Chamberlain's
appeasement faction.
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To the extent that
after Chamberlain comes back from Munich,
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the King invites him
straight round to Buckingham Palace
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and even engineers a photo shoot on the,
on the balcony where again,
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he is publicly
and visibly aligning himself
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with the political
approach of appeasement.
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MI5 knows that the King is on
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board with appeasement,
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and remarkably the King
is actually vying
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with Chamberlain to establish
relations with Hitler.
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The King drafts a
letter to Hitler.
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He says, "This is
a letter to Hitler",
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not as one statesman to
another, but one ex-serviceman
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to another...
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There's no doubt that the King
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is as keen on appeasement
as is Chamberlain.
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And the security agencies
are not sure what they
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think about this.
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The Foreign Office
blocked the King's letter.
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Hitler's invasion of
Czechoslovakia and Poland
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finally put pay to appeasement.
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With Britain at war,
MI5 realized the King
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could no longer be excluded
from vital matters of state.
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Suspicion needed to
be replaced by trust.
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The opening moves
were tentative.
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The Intelligence
Services agreed to special arrangements
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being made to supply
confidential
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information to George VI
on a daily basis.
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So we're talking about
confidential stuff,
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nothing really classified,
nothing really top secret.
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And a duty officer from
the cabinet war room attended
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Buckingham Palace every day
and carried with him some of
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this confidential material.
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But they didn't trust
the Palace enough to
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leave it there.
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He stood with the King asthe King read it
and the Private Secretaries
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read it and then he
carried it back home,
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back to, back to
the cabinet office.
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On May 10th, 1940,
German armies rolled into Belgium,
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then France.
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The King had no option but
to ask Winston Churchill
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to be Prime Minister.
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George's role as a
symbol of national unity
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was now crucial.
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But full trust of the royal
family remained elusive.
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The King had to find
a way to earn it.
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George VI,
once a supporter of appeasing Hitler,
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now King of a nation at war,
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still lacked the
full trust of MI5.
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His relationship with
his new Prime Minister,
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Winston Churchill,
was not an easy one either.
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Like MI5, Churchill had been
on opposite sides to the King
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over appeasement and
temperamentally,
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the two men were very different,
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Churchill charismatic
and bullish,
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George shy and reticent.
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Then, as war tested
both men's mettle,
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came a critical moment.
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Now Adolf Hitler stood,
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just as Napoleon had stood
more than 100 years before,
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and looked across the English Channel
to the one fighting obstacle
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that stood between him
and world domination.
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In the autumn of 1940, MI6,
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fearing a Nazi invasion,
made preparations to
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00:11:08,020 --> 00:11:11,056
evacuate the royal
family to Canada.
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00:11:11,064 --> 00:11:14,056
Churchill put the intelligence
agency's intricate plan
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00:11:14,064 --> 00:11:16,020
to the King.
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00:11:16,028 --> 00:11:17,060
It's elaborate.
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There are converted
armored cars.
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00:11:19,052 --> 00:11:22,000
There's a chain
of stately homes.
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The royal family are going
to be rushed to the port at
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00:11:26,044 --> 00:11:29,044
Liverpool, taken away to Canada.
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00:11:29,052 --> 00:11:32,072
The king's response is, "We're not going".
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00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:35,056
Not even the children are
going to be evacuated.
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00:11:35,064 --> 00:11:39,008
Everybody is going to stay,
everybody is going to fight.
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00:11:39,016 --> 00:11:42,008
At this point, what they're
expecting is a German invasion
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led by German paratroopers,
and the king says,
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00:11:45,080 --> 00:11:47,060
"I want to get my German."
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00:11:47,068 --> 00:11:50,028
I want to kill at least
one of the invaders,
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00:11:50,036 --> 00:11:53,072
and we will all
fight to the last...
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00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:55,072
When Churchill hears about this he says,
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00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:58,012
"Well, really, you need to be able to kill
more than one German".
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00:11:59,084 --> 00:12:02,040
Out of the blue,
a specially gift,
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00:12:02,048 --> 00:12:05,048
wrapped package arrived
at Buckingham Palace.
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00:12:05,056 --> 00:12:09,072
The sender's address was
marked '10 Downing Street.'
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00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:14,020
Inside was a gleaming
early Christmas present.
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Churchill sends the king a Tommy Gun.
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00:12:17,012 --> 00:12:20,032
And we know, actually,
after this, not only the king,
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00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:23,004
but the royal family
and indeed equerries,
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they're all practicing
at Windsor
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and several other locations.
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With pistols, with rifles,
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00:12:29,060 --> 00:12:32,028
but also with
Churchill's Tommy Gun.
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00:12:36,020 --> 00:12:39,040
The queen actually
enjoys taking pop shots at rats.
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00:12:39,048 --> 00:12:40,080
It's the Blitz,
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00:12:40,088 --> 00:12:42,056
there's lots of rats in
Buckingham Palace garden.
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00:12:42,064 --> 00:12:46,052
The King is actually
showing this off,
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00:12:46,060 --> 00:12:50,004
to Cabinet ministers,
to visiting diplomats.
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00:12:50,012 --> 00:12:53,012
And he's sending
out the message,
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00:12:53,020 --> 00:12:57,024
"We're not gonna run.
We're not gonna run".
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00:12:58,016 --> 00:13:03,064
And so it's, its real,
but it's also a performance.
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00:13:06,076 --> 00:13:09,056
But the King still
did not have access to
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00:13:09,064 --> 00:13:11,096
all state secrets.
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00:13:12,004 --> 00:13:16,080
At times, he resorted
instead to a DIY approach.
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00:13:16,088 --> 00:13:20,048
Through the royal families of
Europe to whom he was related,
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00:13:20,056 --> 00:13:24,084
he already had an intelligence
network of his own.
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00:13:24,092 --> 00:13:28,052
George's personal use of his
own private network could
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00:13:28,060 --> 00:13:31,072
potentially create problems
for the Secret Service,
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00:13:31,080 --> 00:13:34,008
and the Prime Minister too.
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00:13:34,016 --> 00:13:36,080
One intelligence officer
recorded that the King...
242
00:13:36,088 --> 00:13:40,044
Received a couple of
bottles of 1941 Burgundy,
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00:13:40,052 --> 00:13:43,004
one of which he served to
Churchill at one of their
244
00:13:43,012 --> 00:13:45,080
regular Tuesday
luncheons 'a deux.'
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00:13:46,080 --> 00:13:49,076
Churchill asked sharply how
the King had got hold of it,
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00:13:49,084 --> 00:13:55,004
and was much put out to be told
"Kings have their Secrets too."
247
00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:57,088
The King might well be joking
248
00:13:57,096 --> 00:13:59,032
but Churchill's a bit alarmed.
249
00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:03,088
Churchill fears that the
King has resurrected some of
250
00:14:03,096 --> 00:14:09,052
the Royal family's private
network of, of contacts
251
00:14:09,060 --> 00:14:11,048
to gather his own information.
252
00:14:11,056 --> 00:14:15,008
The King was able
to secure the wartime vintage
253
00:14:15,016 --> 00:14:19,044
from occupied France, because the royal
pilot Mouse Fielden
254
00:14:19,052 --> 00:14:24,024
also happened to fly missions
for the Special Operations Executive,
255
00:14:24,032 --> 00:14:28,032
or SOE, which Churchill
had created to,
256
00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:33,012
in his own words,
set Europe ablaze.
257
00:14:33,020 --> 00:14:37,092
And if that wasn't enough,
George VI's wife the queen
258
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:40,084
had her own private
contacts too.
259
00:14:41,048 --> 00:14:43,020
We have to bear in mind,
260
00:14:43,028 --> 00:14:47,056
the Queen actually is someone
who has the closest relations
261
00:14:47,064 --> 00:14:49,004
with the intelligence services.
262
00:14:49,012 --> 00:14:50,060
Her brother's in SOE.
263
00:14:50,068 --> 00:14:54,036
So actually, Buckingham
Palace is almost an outpost,
264
00:14:54,044 --> 00:14:58,064
an outstation, if you like,
of the intelligence services.
265
00:15:00,004 --> 00:15:04,064
And so, the solution
would seem to be to give the
266
00:15:04,072 --> 00:15:07,032
King a bit more
access to official
267
00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:09,056
British secret material.
268
00:15:09,064 --> 00:15:13,052
Slowly but surely,
the King was inching his way
269
00:15:13,060 --> 00:15:16,040
to the heart of
the Secret Service.
270
00:15:16,048 --> 00:15:21,080
And finally in 1943, George VI
took an active part in the war
271
00:15:21,088 --> 00:15:23,064
of deception.
272
00:15:23,072 --> 00:15:26,036
His first personal encounter
with it was the use of
273
00:15:26,044 --> 00:15:29,004
disinformation to fool the
enemy about a hazardous
274
00:15:29,012 --> 00:15:33,040
mission he embarked
on in June 1943.
275
00:15:36,096 --> 00:15:40,036
The Maltese were a people
of old traditions and simple
276
00:15:40,044 --> 00:15:42,020
manners of life.
277
00:15:42,028 --> 00:15:44,076
But Hitler turned that
island into a target
278
00:15:44,084 --> 00:15:47,004
of perpetual fire.
279
00:15:51,044 --> 00:15:54,000
The King flew to
North Africa and then the
280
00:15:54,008 --> 00:15:57,016
island of Malta to thank its
people for resisting three
281
00:15:57,024 --> 00:16:00,056
years of Nazi siege
and bombardment.
282
00:16:00,064 --> 00:16:04,004
But with the Luftwaffe still
menacing Malta's skies,
283
00:16:04,012 --> 00:16:06,052
there was real danger.
284
00:16:06,060 --> 00:16:11,004
British intelligence's
answer was Operation Loader.
285
00:16:12,004 --> 00:16:16,028
Operation Loader was a
deception operation in which
286
00:16:16,036 --> 00:16:18,092
the King was
personally involved.
287
00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,084
It was the attempt
to provide cover
288
00:16:22,092 --> 00:16:25,004
for his visit to North Africa.
289
00:16:25,012 --> 00:16:28,068
And it's very, very dangerous
to escort the King across the
290
00:16:28,076 --> 00:16:32,068
Mediterranean where Germans
had been in active operation.
291
00:16:32,076 --> 00:16:36,084
And so, Buckingham Palace put
out a false line that the King
292
00:16:36,092 --> 00:16:41,012
was visiting troops in
Portsmouth at this time.
293
00:16:41,020 --> 00:16:45,068
And yet there was a
mysterious General Lyon who was on board
294
00:16:45,076 --> 00:16:50,052
the plane and who
landed in Algiers.
295
00:16:50,060 --> 00:16:54,000
Stories appeared in
the press that 'General Lyon'
296
00:16:54,008 --> 00:16:56,028
was visiting General Eisenhower,
297
00:16:56,036 --> 00:16:58,056
Supreme Commander in
Chief of Allied Forces,
298
00:16:58,064 --> 00:17:00,028
in North Africa.
299
00:17:00,036 --> 00:17:04,064
On June the 7th 1943
he landed in Algiers.
300
00:17:04,072 --> 00:17:08,016
For Eisenhower at least, it was no
surprise that 'General Lyon'
301
00:17:08,024 --> 00:17:12,072
was none other than - the King Emperor,
- George VI.
302
00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:16,012
After leaving Algiers,
General Lyon carried on to
303
00:17:16,020 --> 00:17:19,040
Malta and this was
an important morale
304
00:17:19,048 --> 00:17:21,044
boosting mission.
305
00:17:21,052 --> 00:17:25,012
The people of Malta had been
under barricade for a long,
306
00:17:25,020 --> 00:17:28,044
long time and really
appreciated the King making a
307
00:17:28,052 --> 00:17:30,072
very dangerous journey.
308
00:17:31,076 --> 00:17:35,036
Operation Loader was
a success and George returned
309
00:17:35,044 --> 00:17:39,024
home to Buckingham
Palace safe and sound.
310
00:17:40,076 --> 00:17:44,000
It showed that the King could
be a valuable asset to the
311
00:17:44,008 --> 00:17:46,004
deception planners.
312
00:17:46,012 --> 00:17:49,060
A few months later he was
invited to a day out with the
313
00:17:49,068 --> 00:17:52,036
Special Operations Executive.
314
00:17:52,044 --> 00:17:56,020
In November 1943,
the entire Royal Family,
315
00:17:56,028 --> 00:17:58,092
visit RAF Tempsford.
316
00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:02,000
This is not any RAF station.
317
00:18:02,008 --> 00:18:06,052
This is the location of the
secret special duties flights
318
00:18:06,060 --> 00:18:10,020
that take the agents
of SOE and the agents
319
00:18:10,028 --> 00:18:12,092
of MI6 to Europe.
320
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,040
All the James Bond material is laid out
321
00:18:15,048 --> 00:18:17,040
for the Royal Family to see.
322
00:18:17,048 --> 00:18:19,004
There are daggers in handbags.
323
00:18:19,012 --> 00:18:22,044
There are compasses hidden
in the top of lipsticks.
324
00:18:22,052 --> 00:18:24,068
There's all sorts of
exploding devices.
325
00:18:24,076 --> 00:18:28,092
SOE like to disguise
explosives as innocent
326
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,068
materials, wine bottles,
dead animals,
327
00:18:31,076 --> 00:18:33,092
and the favorite of course,
328
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:37,092
is explosive disguised
as horse poo.
329
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,044
The Queen is
absolutely thrilled by this and she calls
330
00:18:41,052 --> 00:18:43,072
the King over and says,
"Look at this.
331
00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:45,012
This is amazing".
332
00:18:45,020 --> 00:18:46,068
Exploding horse poo.
333
00:18:47,008 --> 00:18:49,044
The King, it seemed,
had earned his spurs.
334
00:18:49,052 --> 00:18:52,024
A few months later,
he would be invited to join the
335
00:18:52,032 --> 00:18:56,016
greatest deception
operation of the war.
336
00:19:04,096 --> 00:19:08,012
In March 1944 with
the visit to Buckingham Palace
337
00:19:08,020 --> 00:19:12,044
of two MI5 men, noted in his diary
by King's Private Secretary
338
00:19:12,052 --> 00:19:15,056
Alan Lascelles,
George the VII was invited
339
00:19:15,064 --> 00:19:18,072
to join the Allies greatest
deception operation of the war,
340
00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:22,052
fooling the Nazis about
the timing and location
341
00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:27,000
of Operation Overlord,
the D-Day landings.
342
00:19:29,024 --> 00:19:33,008
The man who devised the
deception operation was the
343
00:19:33,016 --> 00:19:35,072
Oxford don, John Masterman.
344
00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:39,084
Back in August 1914, Masterman had been
teaching in Germany
345
00:19:39,092 --> 00:19:43,000
and was interned for the
duration of the war.
346
00:19:43,008 --> 00:19:45,072
But he used his time there
to learn the language,
347
00:19:45,080 --> 00:19:49,048
and study the mind set
of his German captors.
348
00:19:49,056 --> 00:19:51,072
It was
important in many ways because
349
00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:53,080
if you knew how they thought,
350
00:19:53,088 --> 00:19:57,092
it was much easier to,
to deceive them
351
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:00,020
and lead them astray.
352
00:20:00,028 --> 00:20:02,028
Even with the, with the spies that the
353
00:20:02,036 --> 00:20:06,076
Germans sent over to us,
he had a relationship with them,
354
00:20:06,084 --> 00:20:11,076
and in the end,
he got them to spy for us.
355
00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:17,080
When war broke out,
Masterman was signed up to the
356
00:20:17,088 --> 00:20:21,076
intelligence corps and then
MI5 where he helped devise the
357
00:20:21,084 --> 00:20:24,080
Double Cross system,
which used double agents to feed
358
00:20:24,088 --> 00:20:27,080
misleading information
to the Nazis.
359
00:20:27,088 --> 00:20:31,036
He was a Chairman of a
subcommittee which dealt with
360
00:20:31,044 --> 00:20:33,060
the Double Cross System.
361
00:20:33,068 --> 00:20:35,096
The 20 Committee.
362
00:20:36,004 --> 00:20:38,012
XX.
363
00:20:38,020 --> 00:20:44,092
They were actually in
control of 39 spies
364
00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:48,020
working in different
areas in Europe.
365
00:20:48,028 --> 00:20:49,084
And in England.
366
00:20:49,092 --> 00:20:52,004
They were all deceiving
the Germans in some way
367
00:20:52,012 --> 00:20:53,092
or another.
368
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:57,040
One of his team was
a long serving MI5 officer,
369
00:20:57,048 --> 00:20:59,056
Tar Robertson.
370
00:20:59,064 --> 00:21:01,092
Tar Robertson was
involved in working with
371
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:05,032
Masterman to coordinate the
activities of all of these
372
00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:07,084
double agents to make sure
that the Germans were
373
00:21:07,092 --> 00:21:12,068
sufficiently confused and
misled and that this very
374
00:21:12,076 --> 00:21:18,020
intricate and
sophisticated web of lies,
375
00:21:18,028 --> 00:21:22,004
misinformation and some
real information,
376
00:21:22,012 --> 00:21:25,056
was coordinated in such a way as
to not breach British security
377
00:21:25,064 --> 00:21:28,012
whilst misleading the Germans.
378
00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:31,060
The D-Day deception,
379
00:21:31,068 --> 00:21:35,080
code named Operation Fortitude,
would be Double Cross's
380
00:21:35,088 --> 00:21:37,052
greatest challenge.
381
00:21:37,060 --> 00:21:41,040
Key to it were double agents
known only as 'Garbo',
382
00:21:41,048 --> 00:21:44,052
'Freak' and 'Brutus'.
383
00:21:45,060 --> 00:21:49,020
Agent 'Brutus' was a Polish
air force pilot who'd been
384
00:21:49,028 --> 00:21:52,068
parachuted by theBritish into
German occupied France.
385
00:21:52,076 --> 00:21:55,008
The Nazis captured
and tortured him,
386
00:21:55,016 --> 00:22:00,004
saying 'return to England and
spy for us or be executed'.
387
00:22:00,012 --> 00:22:03,092
He pretended to change sides
but his loyalty to the allied
388
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:06,076
cause never wavered.
389
00:22:06,084 --> 00:22:13,048
When he eventually came
to England he contacted
390
00:22:13,056 --> 00:22:17,092
the intelligence services here,
presenting them with a,
391
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:23,060
what he believed to be an
invaluable opportunity for him
392
00:22:23,068 --> 00:22:27,060
to work as I say, really as a,
as a triple agent on the
393
00:22:27,068 --> 00:22:31,048
belief that the Germans were
asking him to work and
394
00:22:31,056 --> 00:22:33,064
supply information to them.
395
00:22:33,072 --> 00:22:37,024
And at that point you start to see over
the next two years,
396
00:22:37,032 --> 00:22:40,056
this extraordinary build,
up of information in which
397
00:22:40,064 --> 00:22:43,068
he is part of the Double Cross
Network supplying the Germans
398
00:22:43,076 --> 00:22:46,004
information to make them
believe that the landings
399
00:22:46,012 --> 00:22:47,092
would take place in Calais.
400
00:22:49,036 --> 00:22:52,000
The Nazis knew from
the massing of troops in
401
00:22:52,008 --> 00:22:55,072
southern England that
an invasion was coming.
402
00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:58,076
The allies' aim was to deceive
them into thinking the main
403
00:22:58,084 --> 00:23:03,004
landings would be at Calais,
anywhere else, like Normandy,
404
00:23:03,012 --> 00:23:06,012
was just a sideshow.
405
00:23:07,016 --> 00:23:10,024
The King's movements,
as reported in the British press,
406
00:23:10,032 --> 00:23:13,056
were a central part
of the deception plan.
407
00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:18,040
Rory Cormac has done a search
of nearly 23,000 local and
408
00:23:18,048 --> 00:23:21,016
national newspapers printed
in Britain between March
409
00:23:21,024 --> 00:23:25,064
and August 1944,
three months before,
410
00:23:25,072 --> 00:23:28,084
and two months after D-Day.
411
00:23:30,016 --> 00:23:33,012
This historical detective work
reveals that what has been
412
00:23:33,020 --> 00:23:35,076
seen until now as a
random series of morale,
413
00:23:35,084 --> 00:23:38,036
boosting royal visits to troop
concentrations
414
00:23:38,044 --> 00:23:41,072
was in fact a calculated program,
415
00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:44,008
carefully choreographed
with misleading
416
00:23:44,016 --> 00:23:47,060
reports from the
double cross agents.
417
00:23:48,056 --> 00:23:50,084
Here is a cutting
from The Times newspaper,
418
00:23:50,092 --> 00:23:53,068
dated 10th of March 1944.
419
00:23:53,076 --> 00:23:58,016
And the headline is,
"Canadians Inspected by the King."
420
00:23:58,024 --> 00:24:00,056
MI5's plan was to drip feed
421
00:24:00,064 --> 00:24:03,044
the Germans information
which would make them think
422
00:24:03,052 --> 00:24:05,072
they were piecing
together the jig-saw
423
00:24:05,080 --> 00:24:08,040
of the secret plan for D-Day.
424
00:24:08,048 --> 00:24:12,040
Newspapers covered the King's visits to
key attack formations,
425
00:24:12,048 --> 00:24:15,052
but their locations were
not revealed in print.
426
00:24:15,060 --> 00:24:19,072
Tantalizing clues however,
made the Nazis think they were
427
00:24:19,080 --> 00:24:23,008
doing the detective work,
like reports from the Double Cross
428
00:24:23,016 --> 00:24:26,044
agents in London, which helped identify
the troops the King
429
00:24:26,052 --> 00:24:28,028
was visiting.
430
00:24:28,036 --> 00:24:32,000
The whole secret
of deception is to get the
431
00:24:32,008 --> 00:24:35,044
Germans to work these
things out for themselves.
432
00:24:37,008 --> 00:24:40,016
The first part of
this deception was to suggest
433
00:24:40,024 --> 00:24:43,064
to the Nazis that a full,
scale invasion or, perhaps,
434
00:24:43,072 --> 00:24:47,000
a large coastal raid,
might be imminent.
435
00:24:48,084 --> 00:24:52,072
So, that same day, double
agent Brutus fed back to
436
00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:56,068
Berlin false information that ordinary
traffic to the Isle of Wight
437
00:24:56,076 --> 00:25:01,068
had been stopped, to free the roads
for troop movements.
438
00:25:01,076 --> 00:25:04,004
Because
the King is down in Hove,
439
00:25:04,012 --> 00:25:06,052
not far from the Isle of Wight,
it suggests to the Germans
440
00:25:06,060 --> 00:25:08,024
that something might be up,
441
00:25:08,032 --> 00:25:11,020
maybe that war planning
is being stepped up.
442
00:25:11,028 --> 00:25:13,012
There might be troops
movements to the isle of Wight.
443
00:25:13,020 --> 00:25:16,088
Visiting troops in Hove
suggests that there might be
444
00:25:16,096 --> 00:25:19,024
some sort of attack on Normandy,
445
00:25:19,032 --> 00:25:22,024
but would there just be a
diversionary attack to, to draw
446
00:25:22,032 --> 00:25:26,012
German attention away from
the real invasion of Calais?
447
00:25:27,036 --> 00:25:29,076
The King's visit is
working like a highlighter pen.
448
00:25:29,084 --> 00:25:33,092
He's identifying particular
units that later they want the
449
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:35,076
Germans to follow.
450
00:25:35,084 --> 00:25:38,072
The suggestion that
the invasion was only days away
451
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:43,060
was a bluff, there were still nearly
three months to D-Day.
452
00:25:45,036 --> 00:25:48,076
The second part of the
deception was about location.
453
00:25:48,084 --> 00:25:52,016
Initially Hove implied some
kind of force leaving from
454
00:25:52,024 --> 00:25:54,084
Sussex to Normandy.
455
00:25:54,092 --> 00:25:57,096
Then one of the Double Cross
agents wired Berlin to say that the
456
00:25:58,004 --> 00:26:02,016
troops there were moved just after the
King's visit to Dover,
457
00:26:02,024 --> 00:26:04,076
directly opposite Calais.
458
00:26:04,084 --> 00:26:08,048
It's aimed to
confuse the Germans,
459
00:26:08,056 --> 00:26:13,008
about location of forces,
about the order of battle and
460
00:26:13,016 --> 00:26:17,028
where and when the ultimate
invasion is going to come from.
461
00:26:20,036 --> 00:26:23,032
Another deception
was to draw Nazi attention
462
00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:26,040
away from the south to
the north of England.
463
00:26:26,048 --> 00:26:29,028
This time royal involvement
was to be ratcheted up,
464
00:26:29,036 --> 00:26:32,092
and for the first time,
the queen, and queen, to be,
465
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:36,028
Princess Elizabeth were
enlisted in the ruse.
466
00:26:36,036 --> 00:26:38,096
This
article comes from the Times,
467
00:26:39,004 --> 00:26:42,092
on the 24th March 1944.
468
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,044
The headline is, "The
King With His Army",
469
00:26:46,052 --> 00:26:49,080
Tour with the
Queen and Princess."
470
00:26:49,088 --> 00:26:53,052
The king goes north
on the royal train to visit
471
00:26:53,060 --> 00:26:55,044
Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.
472
00:26:55,052 --> 00:26:58,028
These are attack formations.
473
00:26:58,036 --> 00:26:59,396
They're
in the east of the country,
474
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,020
so this very much reinforces
the deception story they might
475
00:27:03,028 --> 00:27:05,008
be going east to Calais.
476
00:27:05,016 --> 00:27:08,008
They might actually be going
east to attack Scandinavia.
477
00:27:08,016 --> 00:27:10,056
It was the
King's seventh such inspection,
478
00:27:10,064 --> 00:27:13,024
in recent weeks, but it was
the first time the Princess
479
00:27:13,032 --> 00:27:16,096
had made a full, length
tour, with her parents.
480
00:27:17,004 --> 00:27:18,072
When you have the queen,
481
00:27:18,080 --> 00:27:21,008
when you have
Princess Elizabeth,
482
00:27:21,016 --> 00:27:23,060
the whole royal family there,
dramatic forces.
483
00:27:23,068 --> 00:27:27,028
Airborne gliders, snipers, special forces,
484
00:27:27,036 --> 00:27:31,004
this just makes for really
fantastic news coverage.
485
00:27:31,012 --> 00:27:34,020
So, this is a way in which the
king is using the royal family
486
00:27:34,028 --> 00:27:37,084
to amplify the
process of deception.
487
00:27:42,044 --> 00:27:45,060
The King's role
in Double Cross was working
488
00:27:45,068 --> 00:27:48,008
exactly as planned.
489
00:27:48,016 --> 00:27:52,040
On the 18th April, the King's Private
Secretary Alan Lascelles
490
00:27:52,048 --> 00:27:54,048
wrote in his diary.
491
00:27:54,056 --> 00:27:57,044
Overlord has done a
good job with the 'elaborate cover scheme'
492
00:27:57,052 --> 00:27:59,036
intended to
bamboozle the Germans,
493
00:27:59,044 --> 00:28:03,004
and seems to have succeeded.
494
00:28:05,020 --> 00:28:07,084
And according to
Masterman's nephew David,
495
00:28:07,092 --> 00:28:10,048
the King was too keen to
be kept fully in the loop
496
00:28:10,056 --> 00:28:12,044
by John Masterman.
497
00:28:12,052 --> 00:28:16,084
I think he was informed about
everything that was going on,
498
00:28:16,092 --> 00:28:19,048
I'm sure he said that
the king wanted
499
00:28:19,056 --> 00:28:21,052
to be informed about everything.
500
00:28:23,048 --> 00:28:25,096
A week later
George inspected troop
501
00:28:26,004 --> 00:28:28,000
formations in Hampshire.
502
00:28:28,008 --> 00:28:32,008
The visit was then spun back to Berlin by
MI5's double agents,
503
00:28:32,016 --> 00:28:36,036
Garbo and Freak, its aim to create
confusion about
504
00:28:36,044 --> 00:28:39,096
what was real and what
was just rehearsal.
505
00:28:40,004 --> 00:28:43,004
Agent Garbo's report
just a few days after the King
506
00:28:43,012 --> 00:28:47,032
makes this visit, backs up the
narrative by suggesting that
507
00:28:47,040 --> 00:28:50,052
invasion might be
imminent from Hampshire.
508
00:28:50,060 --> 00:28:54,016
Freak's report on the
very same day adds even more
509
00:28:54,024 --> 00:28:58,048
credibility to this narrative
by suggesting that there might
510
00:28:58,056 --> 00:29:01,080
well be some military exercises
in the Channel and crucially,
511
00:29:01,088 --> 00:29:05,060
Freak warned that
they couldn't rule out that
512
00:29:05,068 --> 00:29:07,036
this was an actual operation.
513
00:29:07,044 --> 00:29:10,052
And this is significant
because it's designed to
514
00:29:10,060 --> 00:29:12,008
confuse the Germans.
515
00:29:12,016 --> 00:29:15,004
The Germans are thinking when
it doesn't materialize well
516
00:29:15,012 --> 00:29:17,016
maybe it was just
a, an exercise.
517
00:29:17,024 --> 00:29:19,080
And this lowers their
defenses for when the
518
00:29:19,088 --> 00:29:21,068
ultimate D-Day comes.
519
00:29:24,076 --> 00:29:27,052
The Royal deception
operation was elaborate
520
00:29:27,060 --> 00:29:29,076
and complex.
521
00:29:29,084 --> 00:29:33,004
But it was not just limited
to the British mainland.
522
00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:38,060
In May 1944, the King embarked
on his most dangerous mission,
523
00:29:38,068 --> 00:29:41,060
to Scapa Flow in
the Orkney Islands.
524
00:29:41,068 --> 00:29:45,036
Again, the paper omitted
George's destination,
525
00:29:45,044 --> 00:29:48,080
but the mention of one clue
made it very clear to the
526
00:29:48,088 --> 00:29:51,028
Nazis where the monarch was.
527
00:29:51,036 --> 00:29:53,032
This is the
front page of The Daily Mail,
528
00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:55,096
from the 15th of May 1944.
529
00:29:56,004 --> 00:29:59,052
We see the report talking about
cold and lonely Northern waters.
530
00:29:59,060 --> 00:30:03,092
And the headline is, "The King
Takes Leave of His Fleet."
531
00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:07,064
It says, "The King has taken
leave of his captains in the"
532
00:30:07,072 --> 00:30:09,060
Home Fleet, and has bidden them,
533
00:30:09,068 --> 00:30:12,096
their ships' companies
and their ships God Speed
534
00:30:13,004 --> 00:30:14,088
before battle.
535
00:30:14,096 --> 00:30:16,060
This part of the deception plan,
536
00:30:16,068 --> 00:30:19,068
called Fortitude North,
was designed to suggest
537
00:30:19,076 --> 00:30:22,052
that a full scale allied
invasion of Nazi,
538
00:30:22,060 --> 00:30:26,004
occupied Norway
was being prepared.
539
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:29,072
The king's visit
to the Orkneys is remarkable.
540
00:30:29,080 --> 00:30:31,016
The Orkneys are
further away from
541
00:30:31,024 --> 00:30:32,080
London than they
are from Norway.
542
00:30:32,088 --> 00:30:35,048
And of course, because they're
quite close to Norway,
543
00:30:35,056 --> 00:30:38,092
they are fiercely patrolled
by German U-boats,
544
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:40,076
by German fighters.
545
00:30:40,084 --> 00:30:43,044
This is a hazardous
mission, so the question is,
546
00:30:43,052 --> 00:30:45,012
why is the king going there?
547
00:30:45,020 --> 00:30:49,012
And the answer is to give
credence to Fortitude North.
548
00:30:49,020 --> 00:30:53,060
So the king is taking actually
quite a significant risk.
549
00:30:54,048 --> 00:30:56,020
A few days
after the King's visit
550
00:30:56,028 --> 00:31:00,016
double agent Garbo warned Berlin that an
allied invasion of Norway
551
00:31:00,024 --> 00:31:03,084
was imminent and that it
might be the first attack
552
00:31:03,092 --> 00:31:06,020
in the invasion of Europe.
553
00:31:06,088 --> 00:31:10,068
Its a deliberately
complex deception operation,
554
00:31:10,076 --> 00:31:15,068
and this is why Double Cross
and Fortitude is such a
555
00:31:15,076 --> 00:31:19,004
fascinating operation, and ultimately
a successful operation,
556
00:31:19,012 --> 00:31:20,088
because it was so nuanced,
557
00:31:20,096 --> 00:31:23,084
because there were so many
moving parts which were being
558
00:31:23,092 --> 00:31:27,024
coordinated by, by MI5.
559
00:31:30,052 --> 00:31:34,016
On June, the 6th 1944,
560
00:31:34,024 --> 00:31:38,028
a fleet of 7,000 ships emerged
from the early morning mist,
561
00:31:38,036 --> 00:31:41,028
heading for the
Normandy beaches.
562
00:31:41,036 --> 00:31:44,012
The panic ridden German
defenders radioed for
563
00:31:44,020 --> 00:31:46,040
urgent reinforcements.
564
00:31:46,048 --> 00:31:50,080
The response
from Berlin is somnolent.
565
00:31:50,088 --> 00:31:56,004
On the day of the
invasion, Hitler is sleeping late.
566
00:31:56,012 --> 00:31:57,032
He's having a lie in.
567
00:31:57,040 --> 00:31:58,096
No one wants to wake him.
568
00:31:59,004 --> 00:32:02,020
And when he does wake up,
and he's told about this,
569
00:32:02,028 --> 00:32:06,084
because it's Normandy,
because he's been fed all this
570
00:32:06,092 --> 00:32:09,020
deception material,
he doesn't believe
571
00:32:09,028 --> 00:32:11,016
this is the main attack.
572
00:32:11,024 --> 00:32:13,024
He thinks this is
a coastal raid.
573
00:32:13,032 --> 00:32:16,068
And so, really, he
just shrugs it off.
574
00:32:18,008 --> 00:32:20,044
The armies of the United
Nations have made their first
575
00:32:20,052 --> 00:32:22,072
landings on the soils
of Western Europe.
576
00:32:22,080 --> 00:32:25,092
This is D-Day.
577
00:32:27,064 --> 00:32:30,096
The King,
who had played a vital role in the
578
00:32:31,004 --> 00:32:34,036
deception plan
broadcast to his people.
579
00:32:35,044 --> 00:32:38,072
Four years ago,
580
00:32:38,080 --> 00:32:44,000
our Nation and
Empire stood alone
581
00:32:44,008 --> 00:32:48,008
against an overwhelming enemy,
582
00:32:48,016 --> 00:32:51,020
with our backs to the wall.
583
00:32:51,028 --> 00:32:57,004
This time, the challenge
is not to fight
584
00:32:57,012 --> 00:33:00,048
to survive,
585
00:33:00,056 --> 00:33:06,036
but to fight to win
the final victory
586
00:33:06,044 --> 00:33:09,008
for the good cause.
587
00:33:15,044 --> 00:33:19,000
A week later, the King and
Prime Minister Winston Churchill,
588
00:33:19,008 --> 00:33:22,012
sifted through
piles of MI6 classified
589
00:33:22,020 --> 00:33:24,032
reports on D-Day.
590
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:27,028
The King, once denied full
access to all intelligence
591
00:33:27,036 --> 00:33:30,076
material because his family
was seen as a security risk,
592
00:33:30,084 --> 00:33:34,004
was now allowed
to see everything.
593
00:33:34,012 --> 00:33:38,016
Two days later an eminent
dignitary arrived in Normandy
594
00:33:38,024 --> 00:33:41,004
for the final phase
of Double Cross.
595
00:33:41,012 --> 00:33:44,004
British intelligence would
maintain the ruse that D-Day
596
00:33:44,012 --> 00:33:47,080
was only a diversionary
attack right up until August,
597
00:33:47,088 --> 00:33:51,092
to give allied troops time to
consolidate their positions.
598
00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:55,060
The eminent dignitary
was in fact none other,
599
00:33:55,068 --> 00:33:58,012
than King George VI.
600
00:33:58,020 --> 00:34:01,020
The Germans thought the Kings
presence was a further attempt
601
00:34:01,028 --> 00:34:03,088
to distract the
attention from Calais.
602
00:34:03,096 --> 00:34:07,036
But, as it would turn out,
one extraordinary further
603
00:34:07,044 --> 00:34:11,020
twist would show that George
still could not be entirely
604
00:34:11,028 --> 00:34:13,092
trusted with a secret.
605
00:34:17,088 --> 00:34:20,028
At the war's end,
John Masterman,
606
00:34:20,036 --> 00:34:24,084
key player behind double cross system
and D-Day deceptions,
607
00:34:24,092 --> 00:34:27,088
wrote a top secret MI5 report,
608
00:34:27,096 --> 00:34:31,020
detailing every aspect of
the Double Cross system.
609
00:34:31,028 --> 00:34:37,000
It was also a template for
future MI5 and MI6 operations.
610
00:34:37,008 --> 00:34:41,056
This is one
of the most secret documents in
611
00:34:41,064 --> 00:34:44,036
British government,
it's a form of strategic leadership
612
00:34:44,044 --> 00:34:46,088
that Britain doesn't
want to give away.
613
00:34:46,096 --> 00:34:49,032
During the Second World War,
during the 1950s,
614
00:34:49,040 --> 00:34:52,096
during the 1960s,
and indeed Britain has set up a
615
00:34:53,004 --> 00:34:56,028
special department called the
Department of Forward Plans,
616
00:34:56,036 --> 00:35:01,040
particularly to keep this kind
of specialist expertise alive.
617
00:35:01,048 --> 00:35:04,092
Masterman called
the report his 'Secret Book'.
618
00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:08,072
In 1950, five years after the
war when he'd returned to
619
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:11,016
academic life at
Oxford University,
620
00:35:11,024 --> 00:35:14,052
he sent his one and only
personal copy of it to
621
00:35:14,060 --> 00:35:17,012
Buckingham Palace,
for the private attention
622
00:35:17,020 --> 00:35:20,020
of King George VI.
623
00:35:20,028 --> 00:35:24,000
The King's private secretary,
Sir Alan Lascelles,
624
00:35:24,008 --> 00:35:27,028
wrote to Masterman that
it had arrived safely.
625
00:35:27,036 --> 00:35:30,068
Dear Masterman,
I think it would be remiss of us both...
626
00:35:30,076 --> 00:35:32,084
If we didn't exchange a receipt.
627
00:35:32,092 --> 00:35:34,048
Here it is.
628
00:35:34,056 --> 00:35:36,084
Lascelles passed the
secret book on to the King.
629
00:35:36,092 --> 00:35:40,000
But then, as the
months ticked by,
630
00:35:40,008 --> 00:35:43,060
came an extraordinary
twist to the story.
631
00:35:43,068 --> 00:35:46,024
With no sign of his only copy
of his secret book being
632
00:35:46,032 --> 00:35:48,028
returned by Buckingham Palace,
633
00:35:48,036 --> 00:35:51,060
Masterman was becoming
a worried man.
634
00:35:51,068 --> 00:35:55,028
On the 4th
of October 1951 Masterman writes
635
00:35:55,036 --> 00:35:58,032
from Worcester College Oxford
where he's provost and he
636
00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:00,056
writes to Lascelles,
and he says...
637
00:36:00,064 --> 00:36:03,024
I'm sorry to
trouble you at a time like this...
638
00:36:03,032 --> 00:36:06,016
Of course the king is,
is increasingly ill.
639
00:36:06,024 --> 00:36:08,064
But I'm wondering
whether I ought to send you a
640
00:36:08,072 --> 00:36:11,040
reminder about the book
which I lent to you.
641
00:36:11,048 --> 00:36:14,056
I see that it went in December
and I'm beginning to be
642
00:36:14,064 --> 00:36:17,012
worried, probably
quite unnecessarily...
643
00:36:17,020 --> 00:36:18,096
Lest it be overlooked.
644
00:36:19,004 --> 00:36:22,004
Yours sincerely, John Masterman.
645
00:36:22,012 --> 00:36:24,252
And of course, it's
almost a year that this book has been
646
00:36:25,004 --> 00:36:27,004
out of his possession.
647
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:32,056
Lascelles was
in an unenviable position.
648
00:36:32,064 --> 00:36:35,060
The King was never an
easy person to approach,
649
00:36:35,068 --> 00:36:38,064
and now the lung cancer from
which he was slowly dying,
650
00:36:38,072 --> 00:36:43,020
made any approach on a
matter so serious as MI5's prize missing,
651
00:36:43,028 --> 00:36:45,048
perhaps even lost,
top secret document,
652
00:36:45,056 --> 00:36:48,040
extremely awkward.
653
00:36:48,048 --> 00:36:51,020
I think he
admired him as a person,
654
00:36:51,028 --> 00:36:57,040
but he was at times difficult.
655
00:36:58,024 --> 00:37:03,064
He wasn't very easy
because he did get very emotional about
656
00:37:03,072 --> 00:37:09,024
all sorts of things and
needed help with his work.
657
00:37:09,032 --> 00:37:12,028
Well I think he used
to go off in a rage,
658
00:37:12,036 --> 00:37:16,096
and almost like having a fit,
659
00:37:17,004 --> 00:37:21,064
and then people just had to
soothe him and calm him down.
660
00:37:21,072 --> 00:37:24,076
The queen was very important
in that way I think.
661
00:37:25,096 --> 00:37:29,072
On this day of mourning
is a London silent and still.
662
00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:34,048
Its citizens remembering
that here in this very city
663
00:37:34,056 --> 00:37:39,048
their King had faced with them
the dangers of the last war.
664
00:37:44,016 --> 00:37:46,080
On February, the 6th 1952,
665
00:37:46,088 --> 00:37:48,088
the King died.
666
00:37:48,096 --> 00:37:51,072
There was still no sign
of the secret book.
667
00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:54,092
Masterman feared the worst,
either it had got into the
668
00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:57,084
wrong hands or it
was lost forever,
669
00:37:57,092 --> 00:38:00,064
along with the late George VI.
670
00:38:00,072 --> 00:38:04,052
Even more worryingly the
incoming boss of MI5 was
671
00:38:04,060 --> 00:38:07,048
determined to tighten security.
672
00:38:08,064 --> 00:38:11,032
Masterman, now in
desperate straits,
673
00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:14,060
wrote one last
time to Lascelles.
674
00:38:14,068 --> 00:38:17,028
Dear Lascelles,
once more I have to apologize for
675
00:38:17,036 --> 00:38:20,012
ringing you when you must be
overwhelmed with anguish.
676
00:38:20,020 --> 00:38:24,048
I want to ask to ask if you
can manage to get my secret book
677
00:38:24,056 --> 00:38:25,072
to me.
678
00:38:25,080 --> 00:38:27,088
I am nervous, I
hope needlessly...
679
00:38:27,096 --> 00:38:30,008
With the change of
Director General.
680
00:38:30,016 --> 00:38:32,052
And here is referring
to Sir Dick White...
681
00:38:32,060 --> 00:38:34,000
I can't very well say
682
00:38:34,008 --> 00:38:36,096
that I haven't got it,
or say where it is.
683
00:38:37,004 --> 00:38:40,028
Masterman's in a panic,
because he's now convinced
684
00:38:40,036 --> 00:38:43,064
that the book is missing,
and you can tell he's in a
685
00:38:43,072 --> 00:38:47,012
panic because he's not just writing,
he's also ringing up.
686
00:38:47,020 --> 00:38:52,008
This is urgent, and, and
really he can almost feel the
687
00:38:52,016 --> 00:38:54,056
new director general
of MI5, Dick White,
688
00:38:54,064 --> 00:38:57,008
grabbing his collar.
689
00:38:57,016 --> 00:39:00,024
He, he's really like a
schoolboy who feels that the
690
00:39:00,032 --> 00:39:03,072
headmaster is bearing
down on him, and,
691
00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:06,076
and he needs this book,
and he needs it now.
692
00:39:09,016 --> 00:39:12,036
Two months later
Lascelles was finally able to
693
00:39:12,044 --> 00:39:15,016
convey some good
news to Masterman.
694
00:39:15,024 --> 00:39:17,064
George's widow, now
the Queen Mother,
695
00:39:17,072 --> 00:39:21,048
had been on a secret
operation of her own.
696
00:39:21,056 --> 00:39:24,072
Dear Masterman,
my trouble has been that all the
697
00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:27,096
personal dispatch boxes have
been out of my control.
698
00:39:28,004 --> 00:39:32,088
However, this very day,
I got the Queen Mother to look at them,
699
00:39:32,096 --> 00:39:35,092
and sure enough, there it was.
700
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:39,012
It is now locked up in my room.
701
00:39:39,020 --> 00:39:41,056
A. Lascelles.
702
00:39:41,064 --> 00:39:45,036
Ones guess is that
the king confided in her and
703
00:39:45,044 --> 00:39:52,008
found her very important
very necessary shoulder
704
00:39:52,016 --> 00:39:56,064
to lean on and he presumably
he told her things that he
705
00:39:56,072 --> 00:39:58,000
wouldn't tell anybody else.
706
00:39:59,012 --> 00:40:03,000
The Queen Mother had
got Masterman out of jail.
707
00:40:03,008 --> 00:40:07,044
In 1972, he published
his Secret Book.
708
00:40:07,052 --> 00:40:09,076
But even then, 28
years after D-Day,
709
00:40:09,084 --> 00:40:14,040
MI5 believed that Double Cross
and all deception work should
710
00:40:14,048 --> 00:40:17,024
remain secret and
tried to block him.
711
00:40:17,032 --> 00:40:21,064
Masterman thwarted them
by publishing in America.
712
00:40:23,056 --> 00:40:26,072
But there was one thing
he decided not to reveal,
713
00:40:26,080 --> 00:40:30,040
the role of George VI in
the D-Day deception,
714
00:40:30,048 --> 00:40:32,052
it has remained a secret,
715
00:40:32,060 --> 00:40:36,084
until Richard Aldrich and Rory Cormac's
investigation today.
716
00:40:40,028 --> 00:40:42,092
The monarchy's role in
Britain's Secret State would
717
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:44,052
not die with George.
718
00:40:44,060 --> 00:40:47,072
His eldest daughter the
young Queen Elizabeth II
719
00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:49,080
would inherit his mantle.
720
00:40:49,088 --> 00:40:52,080
The Crown, once
under the scrutiny,
721
00:40:52,088 --> 00:40:55,080
and even investigation
of the Secret Service,
722
00:40:55,088 --> 00:41:00,000
was now its trusted
friend and counselor.
723
00:41:02,032 --> 00:41:06,088
One extraordinary meeting
demonstrates this intimacy.
724
00:41:06,096 --> 00:41:10,016
In 1955 the Prime Minister
Anthony Eden,
725
00:41:10,024 --> 00:41:14,000
or AE, and the Head of the Foreign
Office's Middle Eastern Desk,
726
00:41:14,008 --> 00:41:15,060
Evelyn Shuckburgh,
727
00:41:15,068 --> 00:41:17,068
traveled to Buckingham Palace.
728
00:41:17,076 --> 00:41:19,072
The Suez crisis was looming,
729
00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:22,044
and the empire alive
with conspiracy.
730
00:41:22,052 --> 00:41:25,064
But one apparent friend was
the young Harrow educated
731
00:41:25,072 --> 00:41:27,084
King Hussain of Jordan.
732
00:41:27,092 --> 00:41:30,044
However, the British feared he
had fallen under the influence
733
00:41:30,052 --> 00:41:34,096
of his Nationalist and
anti-British uncle, Nasser Shariff.
734
00:41:35,004 --> 00:41:38,096
Shuckburgh noted in
his diary in 1955...
735
00:41:39,004 --> 00:41:41,068
I told her, the queen,
736
00:41:41,076 --> 00:41:45,020
the machinations
of the wicked Uncle Nasser.
737
00:41:45,028 --> 00:41:48,028
The Queen said she didn't
really think it a good idea
738
00:41:48,036 --> 00:41:51,080
to send Arabs to
English public schools.
739
00:41:53,092 --> 00:41:55,064
She had
seen poor little Hussain,
740
00:41:55,072 --> 00:41:58,060
fresh from Harrow, a year or two ago
and all he could
741
00:41:58,068 --> 00:42:01,004
do was stand stiffly to
attention, saying...
742
00:42:01,012 --> 00:42:04,004
Saying, "Your Majesty
and not another word."
743
00:42:04,012 --> 00:42:06,068
As for Uncle Nasser, she said,
744
00:42:06,076 --> 00:42:07,096
she was surprised,
745
00:42:08,004 --> 00:42:10,028
nobody had found means
of putting something
746
00:42:10,036 --> 00:42:12,040
in his coffee.
747
00:42:14,012 --> 00:42:16,060
It was not until afterwards
that I thought of what I ought
748
00:42:16,068 --> 00:42:21,024
to have said to this, that it was
dangerously like a remark,
749
00:42:21,032 --> 00:42:23,052
made on a famous occasion,
by her predecessor,
750
00:42:23,060 --> 00:42:25,048
King Henry II.
751
00:42:26,024 --> 00:42:27,084
Of course, King Henry had said,
752
00:42:27,092 --> 00:42:30,084
just before the murder of the
Archbishop of Canterbury,
753
00:42:30,092 --> 00:42:34,064
Thomas Beckett, will nobody rid me
of this troublesome priest?
754
00:42:36,060 --> 00:42:38,076
Instead,
I said, it was a good idea,
755
00:42:38,084 --> 00:42:40,092
which ought to be applied,
to a number of people
756
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:42,040
in the Middle East.
757
00:42:42,048 --> 00:42:44,040
I promised to send her
the gossip we have
758
00:42:44,048 --> 00:42:46,012
heard about Hussain.
759
00:42:46,020 --> 00:42:49,040
I was a little handicapped,
by having a cigarette in my hand,
760
00:42:49,048 --> 00:42:52,076
which steadily burnt
my fingertips, behind my back.
761
00:42:52,084 --> 00:42:56,024
AE was looking
wonderfully fit and relaxed
762
00:42:56,032 --> 00:42:58,080
And was
very friendly to both of us.
763
00:42:58,088 --> 00:43:04,032
And that's, startling,
because we never get a sense
764
00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:06,096
of the Queen discussing
these kinds of things,
765
00:43:07,004 --> 00:43:09,040
we never get a sense
of her, her humor.
766
00:43:09,048 --> 00:43:11,088
And, and
we never get a sense of her
767
00:43:11,096 --> 00:43:13,052
talking to diplomats,
768
00:43:13,060 --> 00:43:16,052
about matters of state,
particularly against the background,
769
00:43:16,060 --> 00:43:18,060
of a range of covert operations,
770
00:43:18,068 --> 00:43:20,076
being launched, by the
foreign office and MI6,
771
00:43:20,084 --> 00:43:25,008
against countries across
the Middle East, most famously,
772
00:43:25,016 --> 00:43:27,064
the other Nasser,
the President of Egypt.
773
00:43:27,072 --> 00:43:29,044
We think of
the intelligence services,
774
00:43:29,052 --> 00:43:31,092
as the most secret
institution in Britain,
775
00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:34,064
well the Royal Family certainly give them
a run for their money,
776
00:43:34,072 --> 00:43:36,064
at least in terms
of historical documents.
777
00:43:36,072 --> 00:43:40,076
So, when the queen appears
on a page you take notice.
778
00:43:40,084 --> 00:43:42,088
And when the queen starts
talking about potentially
779
00:43:42,096 --> 00:43:45,064
assassinating somebody,
you really take notice.
780
00:43:45,072 --> 00:43:48,008
The queen's
words were, no doubt,
781
00:43:48,016 --> 00:43:50,044
delivered in jest.
782
00:43:50,052 --> 00:43:52,092
Uncle Nasser was never
was assassinated,
783
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,044
but the queen remains close
to her Secret Service.
784
00:43:56,052 --> 00:44:00,080
From suspicion to trust,
the relationship between
785
00:44:00,088 --> 00:44:04,004
the monarchy and British Intelligence
had come full circle,
786
00:44:04,012 --> 00:44:07,064
a relationship
which endures to this day.
787
00:44:07,072 --> 00:44:08,312
Captioned by Cotter Media Group.
67283
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