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- [Narrator] Art, philosophy,
democracy, and heroes.
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These are just a few achievements
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of the legendary civilization
known as ancient Greece.
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Ancient Greece was born on
the shores of the Aegean Sea
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about 4,000 years ago.
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In over a millennium, it expanded to lands
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as far west as Spain and
as far east as India.
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Throughout this age of empire,
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the ancient Greeks made
political, militaristic,
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and cultural achievements that resonated
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long after their empire fell.
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Part of the ancient Greeks'
legacy involved politics,
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one of which was the political
system of Greece itself.
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Unlike many nations that
were under unified rule,
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Greece was a collection
of over 1,500 territories
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that acted as sovereign nations.
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Called city-states, these territories
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had their own rulers and
sometimes fought each other.
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Another political development
was the institution
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of the first large-scale democracy.
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Developed in the city-state of Athens,
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democratic rule was a way
to give the Greek people
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representation and political power.
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The Greeks also earned a strong reputation
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for their military.
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The military helped
expand the Greek Empire
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by establishing colonies overseas,
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and it protected Greece
itself from foreign invaders
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like the Persian Empire.
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When such a threat
occurred, city-states united
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to defend their homeland.
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Many Greeks, particularly in Sparta,
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took immense pride in their military
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and regarded their soldiers as heroes.
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Their heroism was often turned into legend
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thanks to literary works like "The Iliad."
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War heroes also inspired the
creation of the Olympics,
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which celebrated physical competition.
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Of all aspects of ancient
Greek civilization,
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their cultural contributions
left a considerable mark
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on the western world.
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Particularly noteworthy
were the ancient Greeks' art
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and architecture.
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They created incredible sculptural works,
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such as standing figures and reliefs.
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Plus, they developed
three types of columns
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and incorporated them to
structures like the Parthenon.
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This artistry was imitated
by other civilizations
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and spread throughout the
globe for thousands of years.
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How the Greeks interpreted the world
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was also reflected in other cultures.
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Greek religion, which was comprised
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of many anthropomorphic deities,
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helped shape the spiritual beliefs
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of the Etruscans and,
later, the ancient Romans.
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Greek philosophy, which
explored matters of reason,
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ethics, and natural law influenced
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later civilizations' achievements
and politics and science.
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Greek language made
quite an impact as well.
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Ancient Greek, at about 3,400 years old,
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provided the basis of
many modern languages.
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The English language alone
has thousands of words
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with Greek roots.
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Ancient Greece's artistry,
regard for heroes,
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and democratic rule left
a considerable impression
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on world history.
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With contributions that
lasted for millennia,
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the civilization of ancient Greece
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is nothing short of legendary.5517
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