All language subtitles for The.Earthshot.Prize.Repairing.Our.Planet.S01E04.Revive.Our.Oceans.1080p.iP.WEB-DL.AAC2.0.H.264-NTb

This stone village
in Orkney, Scotland,

was unknown until a storm
uncovered it in 1850.

Experts believe people lived
here 5,000 years ago,

which makes it older than
the Pyramids and Stonehenge.

What brought these ancient
people here to this spot?

One thing. The ocean.

The people here were among the first
farmers in this part of the world,

but they sited their village
next to the ocean for a reason.

Being near to the ocean brought
many advantages - seafood and fish

for their plate, seaweed for
roofing or as fuel for the fire,

a means by which
to trade with others.

Today, seafood is a substantial
part of the daily diet

of over three billion people.

The ocean has absorbed almost
a third of all the greenhouse gases

we've emitted, and the ocean remains
a place of wonder and inspiration.

But it is not what it once was.

Scenes of extraordinary
ocean abundance

now only exist in far-off places...

..or in tales from the past.

History suggests you and I
have never seen our sea

the way it should be.

We urgently need to mend our
relationship with our oceans

and allow them to thrive once again,

which is why Revive Our Oceans

is the fourth goal
of the Earthshot Prize.

Every year till 2030,

the prize will award £1 million

to a project that can help us
achieve this goal.

In this film, we'll discover
the main problems we face.

We will meet people around the world

who are showing
how we can turn the tide.

And I'll introduce you
to the new projects

shortlisted for this year's Earthshot Prize.

Here to tell the story of how
we can revive our oceans

are Sir David Attenborough

and a member
of our Earthshot Prize council

who has spent their entire life
by the sea -

multi-award winning
singer-songwriter Shakira.

You may know me as an artist,

but I'm also still a girl
from Barranquilla

on the Caribbean coast of Colombia,

so I grew up not far from the beach.

And later in life
I lived in many places.

But wherever I've gone,
the ocean has always been nearby

and it's a part of who I am.

The ocean for me is an escape.

I've recently gotten into surfing,

and when I'm out in the water
waiting for that next wave,

I feel so calm.

It's like time has stopped
and my head is completely clear.

The sea is not what it should be,

but a few special places remind us
of what a healthy ocean looks like.

These reefs are in
Jardines de la Reina in Cuba,

just across the sea
from where I grew up in Colombia.

It's a place recognised
as one of the most pristine

in the whole Caribbean.

A last stronghold for many species

now mostly absent elsewhere.

This vibrancy and abundance
should become a place

all around the world.

The magic of the ocean
is that it could come back.

We are in a critical decade,
but it's not too late -

we can revive the ocean.

Planet Earth might be better
named Planet Water.

Life first evolved in the ocean,

most life still lives in the ocean,

and the ocean continues
to sustain all life on land,

watering our forests and fields.

An ocean full of life

affects our lives far more
than you might realise.

All along our coasts,
there are unique habitats.

Kelp forests, seagrass prairies,

mangroves, salt marsh

and coral reefs.

They're all critically important
in protecting us from ocean storms.

Coral reefs alone
are the first line of defence

for over 60 million people.

These coastal habitats
are also nursery grounds

for much of the seafood we love and
that many nations still depend on.

Offshore, microscopic plants
called phytoplankton

exist in such abundance
they produce more oxygen

than all the world's forests
and grasslands combined.

The tiny plants also absorb
40% of all carbon dioxide

released into the atmosphere,

so they're vital
for climate regulation.

They, in turn, rely on the ocean
giants that feed in the depths

and recycle essential nutrients
to the surface.

So we need a healthy ocean -

to provide us with food,

to protect us from storms

and to regulate our climate.

But we don't have a healthy ocean.

Far from it.

Our ocean is suffering
on multiple fronts.

It's the people
who know the ocean best

who can see where we've gone wrong.

For me, fishing is a way of life.

Maybe I've got salt water
instead of blood,

but I just couldn't
live without the sea.

My name is Malcolm Saunders
and I'm a Cornish fisherman.

The first time I remember fishing,

I suppose I was about
three or four year old.

Uncle Will took me out
on his little boat,

we were catching mackerel.

Watching them lying on the deck

with a rainbow of colours
flashing in the sunlight

used to just amaze me

and that's all what I wanted to do
was catch fish.

When I was a child,
the boats were small,

they didn't have
any technology whatsoever.

We only ever fished
within a few miles of the shore.

I mean, there was so much pilchards
in the English Channel

that we never touched the stocks
that were 20 miles out.

So there was loads of fish,
loads of fish in those times.

In the 50 years I've been fishing,

I've done every sort of fishing
that you can think of...

..from fishing locally to
beam trawling up as far as Denmark.

And there we were, pumping,
pumping 50 ton at a time.

Gear, technology has rocketed.

Every designer in the world
making new nets

to catch fish more efficiently.

Sonars on boats scan the sea around
for up to two miles

and picks up every shoal of fish.

My little boat weighs two tonnes.

These boats will be in the region
of 3 to 5,000-tonne ships

and they're just immense. So they're
basically floating factories.

They catch
ridiculous amounts of fish.

These huge boats
can empty the ocean.

It's industrial fishing, we call it.

When I was younger, I thought
the fish was endless,

I thought there's so much fish
in the sea, we'd never catch it all

and now I realise
the mistake I made.

We can catch fish

but we just must change the way
we do it. Our habits must change.

As rich nations develop
their industrial fishing fleets,

dwindling catches push them further
from home and deeper

in search of fresh stocks
to exploit.

More than four-fifths of fish stocks

are now exploited
to the limits or overfished.

The technology we now have

means we are effectively too good
at catching fish.

The waters of the West African coast

should be some of the most
productive in the ocean.

But the arrival of trawlers
from industrialised nations

has seen fish stocks
drop dramatically.

John and his crew
are artisanal fishermen.

Small-scale and low-tech
artisanal fisheries

are nonetheless
of global importance.

More than 100 million people depend
on them for their livelihoods.

John has lived through the collapse
of Liberia's fish stocks.

Although local techniques
have changed little in decades,

last century, the Liberian fishermen

witnessed the arrival
of foreign trawlers.

By the turn of the millennium,

the artisanal fisheries
were in crisis.

In the fishing free-for-all,

the local fishermen like John
and his crew found themselves

competing for the last of the fish.

A similar story has played out
in communities

along the West African coast.

It's not just global fish stocks
that are dwindling -

we've been steadily depleting
ocean habitats, too.

A few committed individuals

are finding ways to bring them
to our attention.

When I make these scans
of the seaweeds,

I never tire of their fabulousness.

My first job is to make you go,
"Wow, that's extraordinary!

"I never knew
seaweed could be like that."

And to then say,
"Let's pay some attention."

These are really important organisms
for the health of our ocean.

My name is Josie Iselin.

I'm an author, artist,

and I tell seaweed stories.

Josie's world
is the underwater forests

that once grew thick
along the Californian coast.

Giant kelp can grow
as tall as trees

and at speeds many times
faster than trees on land.

I go out into the magic
of the amber forest

and there is an exhilaration

and a majesty to these organisms

that I feel transported by.

They do everything trees do.

They sequester carbon even more
efficiently than forests on land.

And they are also eco-engineers and
that means that they build habitat.

They are as important as
the redwood forest, the rainforest.

But there's also
a vulnerability to them.

When I'm snorkelling
and I encounter an urchin barren,

it really makes
a strong impression.

Sea urchins can reduce a forest
of kelp down to bare rock.

These kelp graveyards
are called urchin barrens.

It's pretty devastating.

It's as if you're watching

an old friend

be eaten up by aliens
from outer space.

It's not that urchins are alien,

it's that urchins in those numbers,

and with this voracious appetite,
is alien.

In healthy kelp forest,
urchins and abalone -

that eat the kelp - are very much
part of the system.

But in a balanced system, there
would also be top predators around

to keep the urchin populations
in check.

Sea otters, predators of the urchin,

were hunted to extinction in
Northern California for their fur.

Sunflower sea stars,
which also eat urchins,

boomed until they were all
but wiped out by a viral epidemic.

Then ocean warming triggered
a mass urchin spawning event.

It was a perfect storm.

So there is no top predator
in the system,

and that tipped the balance in many
places towards these urchin barrens.

We're suddenly realising that
not only are fish populations

in decline, but all those other
services that the kelp provide to us

is in decline.

The problem is a global one.

Kelp is in decline
from Norway to Tasmania

due to the loss of predators,

coastal development
and ocean warming.

And it's not just the kelp forests.

We have lost at least 30%
of the world's seagrass prairies...

..almost 40% of mangroves...

..and 50% of salt marshes.

The plight of our ocean habitats

has been out of sight
and out of mind for too long.

And that's not all.

There's another invisible threat

that is of growing concern
for ocean wildlife.

We're only now beginning
to understand the scale

and the tragedy of ocean pollution.

My name is Dr Deborah Giles.
I'm a research biologist

with the University of Washington
Center for Conservation Biology.

I study whales, specifically
the endangered population

of exclusively fish-eating
killer whales

called the southern resident
killer whales.

A few years ago,

one of these whales made
headline news around the world.

A killer whale captures the world's
attention in a terrible way.

For 16 days, she's been carrying
her dead calf on her back.

We learn more...
J35, otherwise known as Tahlequah,

gave birth to a female calf
in 2018.

That calf died within about
30 minutes of being born.

As a killer whale scientist,
as a human, you want to know why,

why did that baby die?

That infant body
was never recovered.

But Giles is collecting evidence

to explain why so many killer whales
are now dying young.

The best way to understand
what's happening inside of a whale

is to look at what comes out.

That means studying
killer whale poop, or scat.

One of the really fantastic
things about our study

is that we're able to noninvasively
collect faecal samples

by using our scat-detection dog Eba
on the front of the boat

to help us find those samples.

A dog's nose has 50 times more
scent receptors than ours do so,

kitted out with protection
from the salt spray and sunshine,

Eba takes command.

Working with a dog is amazing.

It feels like you're borrowing
a superpower from an animal.

She will whip around
to the side of the boat

in which that scent is coming from.

That can be up to a mile away
that she can smell that.

One scat sample
is like a gold mine.

We can look at hormones like stress
hormones, nutrition hormones,

pretty much anything
you can imagine,

you can study by looking at
just one faecal sample.

Analysis of the scats
has revealed two key things.

Firstly, hormones reveal
the whales are starving.

It's clear there simply aren't
enough salmon left in these waters

for them to eat.

And this is exacerbated
by a second factor.

One of the main identified threats

to the southern resident
killer whales are toxicants,

chemicals called POPS,
or persistent organic pollutants.

And they're called that because
they persist in the environment

and in animals that eat them.

These industrial chemicals
leach from the land into the ocean

where they're absorbed by plankton.

Then, as they pass up
the food chain,

they become increasingly
concentrated into fewer,

larger animals,

ultimately reaching lethal levels
in whales.

In the past, females were easily
living into their 80s

and males into their 60s.

These days we're losing males
just as

they're reaching their prime
breeding age, so in their early 20s.

And that is because they don't have
any way to off-load the toxicants

that are building up
in their system.

Toxins are now infecting
more than half the world's

killer whale populations.

When a female gets pregnant,
she is transferring those chemicals

into the gestating foetus

and then she off-loads almost 100%
of whatever is left of the toxicants

in her system
through her milk to her calf.

It's possible that the death
of J35's calf

was caused by an overload of toxins.

She carried that baby, actually,
until it came apart.

There was nothing more to carry.

It was heartbreaking to watch.

This mom couldn't let it go.

To forgo foraging with and hunting
with her family and eating,

and instead carry her baby
around...was...

It was the most...

It was the most telling... I was
going to say the most human thing

she could have done, but that's...
It was more than that.

I think of these whales
as better versions of ourselves.

I look to them...
for how to be.

Bringing the plight of this
population to the public,

she did more by carrying around her
dead baby than any of us combined

have ever been able to do.

The world's ocean is so vast,
it was easy to think

that it could take anything
we throw at it or into it.

But it's now clear
that is not the case.

If the many challenges
facing the ocean seem too difficult,

too hopeless, don't lose hope.

For there is a critical secret about
the ocean that changes everything.

Our ocean still has
remarkable resilience,

and much of what's been lost could
recover with surprising speed.

Last year, a scientific review
of ocean studies

came to a remarkable conclusion.

Our ocean could be restored
within a generation, by 2050.

In the words of those scientists,

we are at a point at which we can
choose between a legacy

of a resilient and vibrant ocean

or an irreversibly disrupted one.

Decisive action over the next ten
years could deliver a healthy ocean

to our children and grandchildren.

All around the world,

we are seeing evidence that this
rapid revival is possible.

It has, in fact, already begun.

There are more great whales
in the ocean now

than there were when I was a child.
A lot more.

This is because the generations
before us had hunted most whales

to the edge of extinction.

But then in 1986,

the whole world came together and
agreed to ban commercial whaling.

We allowed the whales to recover.

It's surely now time
to make an even bigger commitment

to reverse the fortunes of all
marine life that is in decline.

I feel that we've never been better
positioned to turn the tide.

What gives me the most hope
is all the people around the world

who are already taking
giant steps forward.

They are proving that together
we can revive the ocean.

The community of Cabo Pulmo
in Baja, California,

has found a way to catch more fish
by limiting where they fish.

That fight started in the 1980s
when the people of Cabo Pulmo -

all reliant on fishing -
faced a hard truth.

Their waters had been
largely emptied of fish.

It triggered a remarkably
brave decision.

Putting their faith in the ocean's
ability to recover,

they created a marine reserve.

25 square kilometres
were now off limits

and the fishermen
could do nothing but wait.

Months turned into years.

Mario's sister Judy remembers
the impact it had.

That hardship was endured
for more than a decade.

But then
something incredible happened.

14 years after the marine reserve
had been declared,

fish numbers had increased
by more than 450%.

The recovery was beyond anything

the community had ever dared
to imagine.

The revival brought new
opportunities to the community,

like Mario's dive centre.

But it was also good for fisherman.

Fishermen fishing
outside the reserve

were now catching more
than they had done in decades.

The revival of the ocean
is starting to gather momentum.

Protected areas have increased
from less than 1% to over 7%

in the past 20 years.

More than 80 countries
have recently committed

to protect 30% of their waters
by 2030.

If the rest of the world follows and
these waters are fully protected,

we could witness
an incredible recovery,

especially if fishing communities

are supported
through the lean times.

Where we do fish, the challenge
is to end the fishing free-for-all.

Success may well depend
on handing control

to those who will gain the most
from the recovery.

Theresa helped organise a rally to
protest against the foreign trawlers

that were taking
several thousand tonnes of fish

from Liberian waters every year.

The Liberian government
banned the industrial trawlers

from coming within
six nautical miles of the coast.

Now, it's no longer a free-for-all
in these coastal waters,

and the local fishing communities

hold regular meetings to sustainably
manage their fish stocks.

For John and his crew,
the future is looking brighter.

While some believe local communities
are best placed to manage

the recovery of their fish stocks,

success depends on enforcement
of the rules.

And that has long been
a problem on the ocean,

where laws can be broken
out of view, over the horizon.

Centeno and his crew face a problem
shared by coastguards

all around the world.

Among thousands of fishing vessels,

they must find the ones
that are fishing illegally.

A solution can be found
in an unlikely location -

in the heart
of the British countryside.

I like to describe ourselves
as ocean detectives.

We're seeking out pieces
of information to understand

what people are doing at sea.

Emma and her team at OceanMind
have two key assets -

satellites that track all fishing
vessels above a certain size,

wherever they are in the world,

and artificial intelligence
that has learned to recognise

patterns of illegal activity
in the data.

If we identify likely unauthorised
activity, we'll look at the licences

and the regulations
for that particular area.

And we will also bring in
other data sources in order to

build as good a picture as we can
of what's actually happening.

We are able to pinpoint vessels

even in areas that they think
they can't be seen.

Step two is helping our partners
to action that intelligence.

We contact the coastguard

and we provide them with the
last known location of the vessel

and what the potential unauthorised
activity is.

This ground-breaking tech solution

has transformed how Centeno
and his colleagues work.

The satellite intelligence
has also led to the recovery

of tens of thousands of dollars
of lost fishing licence fees,

money that is being reinvested
into marine protection.

I have that streak of optimism now

because I've seen how technology
can make a huge difference.

All of a sudden, it is possible
to police the entire ocean

and that could revolutionise
our mission to revive it.

Reviving our ocean requires not only
that we stop damaging habitats,

but also that we begin to restore
what we have already lost.

If you close your eyes
and think about where you are,

you wouldn't believe
you're only 100 miles or so

from these centres of, you know,
like, Washington, DC and Richmond.

You're out in the middle of nowhere.

Professor Bob Orth is living proof
that the commitment of one person

can make a huge difference.

He's dedicated most of his life
to restoring an ocean habitat

that's too often
been ignored - seagrass.

People thought seagrasses
were something that got stuck

on the prop of your boat, you
wouldn't want to walk through

because it was yucky,
it's slimy or whatever,

but it's just an incredibly
neat habitat.

There are a myriad of animals
that live within the grass beds.

They're like
the prairies of the sea.

They're found in shallow water seas
and bays.

They're present in just about
every area that you can think of,

where there's enough light.

People didn't realise how important
these underwater grasses were

until they lost them.

People started asking,
"Why can't I get crabs any more?"

"Why can't I catch speckled trout?"

Well, because there's no grass.

Globally, we've lost at least
30% of all seagrass.

The loss is driven by coastal
development, a warming ocean

and a disease pandemic
back in the 1930s

that wiped out seagrass beds
all along this coast.

Bob began his work
half a century ago,

determined to bring back
Virginia's lost seagrass -

or eelgrass,
as it is commonly known.

Sometime around the mid-'90s
we had heard that there was

the discovery of a small patch
of eelgrass out here

at the coastal bays.
We didn't believe it.

We thought someone
was misidentifying it.

But we came out here and, sure
enough, there was a small patch

of eelgrass in one of these
coastal bays.

It set in motion
a project that now involves

Bob taking teams of volunteers
out to the seagrass beds every year

to collect seagrass seeds.

We try to go out at low tide.

We give people a collecting bag

and we say, "Put your face in the
water and look for the flowers.

"And when you see a flowering shoot,

"just pull it out
and put it in the bag

"and just do that
for hours and hours

"until the tide gets too high
and you can't collect any more."

We've been planting seeds of
eelgrass into these coastal bays.

From zero eelgrass in 1997
through today,

we have basically around 9,000
acres of eelgrass,

about 2,600 hectares.

We were probably the very first
group that ever attempted

to use seeds in any kind
of restoration effort.

And today everyone's been thinking,

"OK, well, if they can do it,
why can't we do it?"

Restoring the world's
seagrass prairies

is more important
and urgent than ever.

Seagrasses may only cover 0.2%
of the ocean floor worldwide,

but they are responsible for 10%
of global carbon sequestration.

You know, forests are important,
prairies are important,

plants are important cos
they're all doing the same thing.

But seagrasses are doing it
just a little bit better.

My wife, she said, "Don't you ever
get sick of studying seagrass?"

I said, you don't. It's a love
affair that you just, you know,

can't get enough of.

But what of that other threat
to ocean life?

The toxins that accumulate
at the top of the food chain.

When people think about ocean
pollution, rarely do they consider

addressing the problems on land.

My name is Julianne Ubigau.

Jasper and I live here in Seattle.

Seattle is known for its rain.

The pollutants that wash down
storm drains quickly find themselves

in the ocean.

Cities like Seattle
are full of hidden pollutants.

Some of the worst offenders
are known as PCBs,

first manufactured
almost a century ago.

It was a problem-solving chemical.

We started to mix it in to things
like paint and caulk.

It basically
made material indestructible

and this was great
if you're building things

and you want them to last forever.

But what we didn't realise
at the time

was how dangerous this chemical was.

Though no longer produced,
PCBs remain as toxic as ever.

Julie is on a mission
to find these chemicals

and stop them reaching the ocean.

But where to begin?

It takes a lot of work to identify
the source of pollutants, and PCBs

come with their own special problem.

There's no way for people
to detect them visually.

Are you ready? I'm ready.

There's a maze of interconnected
pipes under Seattle,

all serving
different drainage basins.

It's like an underground
transportation system for rainwater.

At critical junctions,
maintenance crews set sediment traps

in strategic locations.

Every spring they're retrieved...

I'm going to bring it up.

..and tested for PCBs
and other pollutants.

So you know that there's a certain
catchment with the PCB problem,

but with so many drains flowing
to that point, you don't know

what building, what street,
even what neighbourhood

the problem PCBs
might be coming from.

Once again, it's time to borrow a
superpower from a master detective.

Jasper was a shelter dog.

He was a year old when we met.

He loves life, he loves his job,

and he loves to play ball,

so he's a blast to work with.

He has been trained to detect PCBs

down to a level of
0.1 parts per million.

Which is incredibly
low level of PCB.

Show me.

Good.

Jasper. Can you show me?

Check here.

When we train the dog,

we train them to sit
when they've found the target.

He's able to actually indicate
whether or not there are PCBs

flowing through the water
that's coming down that drain.

Check here.

If he can work his way upstream,
sniffing each maintenance hole,

it's like following a trail
of breadcrumbs to the source.

Nice job.

When Jasper locates
a source of PCBs,

a decontamination team moves in
to clean up the chemicals.

With 14 million tons of PCBs
still in circulation,

every coastal city needs a Jasper.

Jasper is a secret weapon
in the fight against ocean toxins.

I guess not all superheroes
wear capes.

We may not all have a superhero
sidekick, but we can all do our bit

to help clean up the pollution
entering the ocean.

And we can do more.

With so many chemicals and plastics
still in production,

we need a revolution
in the things we make and buy.

We need to build a waste-free world,

which is another
of our Earthshots.

What excites me the most is knowing
that my kids will be able to see

this transformation happen.

What I want them to learn the most
is that they can actually

make a difference, that there are
tangible solutions.

If we all work together, just
imagine the future we could create.

Imagine if we ensured that we used
every part of the ocean sustainably.

Imagine how rich our seas would be.

We'd finally get to see the sea
the way it should be.

Bursting with life.

An enormous wilderness
that would provide humankind

with plenty of food, if we
take care of how we source it.

A habitat that will grow and thrive,

and in doing so, help us
defend ourselves from storms

and control the climate.

A wonderful blue world that will
continue to enrich our lives.

The ocean has already given us
so much. Now it's time to give back.

We still have so much to do, but now
is our chance to get it done.

What are we waiting for?

Our oceans have an incredible power
to recover at speed.

There is every reason to believe

we can bring them back
to full strength soon.

And the Earthshot Prize is here
to recognise, reward and support

those with the best ideas
for how to do so.

Here are the finalists

of the first-ever Earthshot Prize
to revive our oceans.

Our first finalist is a team
that restores coral reefs.

Coral Vita uses ground-breaking
scientific techniques

to grow climate-resilient corals

many times faster than they would
develop in the wild.

We're at the point where half of the
world's coral reefs are already dead

and we're on track to lose
over 90% of them by 2050.

This isn't just an ecological
tragedy. Up to a billion people

around the world depend upon
coral reefs for their livelihoods.

In the wild,
broken-off bits of coral

have the ability to grow back
into new, large corals.

The team mimic this process
by creating lots of tiny corals

at their land-based farm.

They grow them in tanks with
increased temperatures and acidity

to make them resilient
to climate change.

When ready, they are placed
on the reef close together.

As the fragments grow, they link up

and, amazingly, grow much faster

than fragments growing alone.

We can grow a dinner plate-sized
coral in about a year,

whereas in nature
that can take many decades.

All the corals we're growing here
when we outplant them

have a better chance of surviving
climate changed oceans.

The team's super strong corals

give the reefs a fighting chance
of survival.

But Sam and Gator
needed a way to fund their work.

So the team sells reef restoration
as a service to hotels,

developers and even governments.

They hope this game-changing
funding model will allow them

to roll out their operation
in time to make a difference.

As we deal with climate change,

even as we get carbon emissions
under control,

active restoration can play
an important role

in keeping our reefs alive.

With extra support, Coral Vita would
like to speed up their own growth

and set up farms that would
work with local communities

all around the world.

Our next finalists
are the Living Seawalls team.

This group of scientists and
designers are making special panels

that provide new habitats for
wildlife on man-made structures.

There are thousands of kilometres
of harbour walls, docks

and causeways worldwide.

This team sees an opportunity
to make them work for ocean life.

Our mission is to rethink
construction so that

we're not just building for humans,

but we're also building
for nature as well.

Traditional seawalls tend to be
a bit of an ecological desert.

They're really flat and featureless

and we don't get a lot of life
growing on them.

But our living seawalls have so many
nooks and crannies that marine life

love to explore and live in.

Oyster? Yeah. Oyster. Yeah.

Primary oyster,
secondary black mussel.

We found that they support

30% more fish,
seaweed and invertebrates

than we find
on traditional seawalls.

Inside the rock pool,

it's just chockas full of stuff.

What makes this idea so exciting

is that the panels can be fitted
on to any existing seawall

or structure to bring back life
to areas already developed.

And they could be incorporated
into all new coastal construction.

The future of the living seawalls
is hopefully...

..big. We want to have living
seawalls all over the world.

There are currently 14
living seawalls in Australia,

with sites also in Singapore,
Gibraltar and the UK.

Because the panels are modular,

the idea is built to be scalable.

With more support
and a greater profile,

the team would hope to work
with scientific communities

on every continent
to revive our coastlines.

On to our third finalist.

Pristine Seas is a group
of scientists and film-makers

who engage governments
and communities around the world

to bring about the creation
of new marine protected reserves,

like the one we saw
in Cabo Pulmo, Mexico.

Their ultimate aim is to help
protect 30% of the ocean.

I used to be a university professor

who studied human impacts
in the ocean

until one day I realised
that all I was doing

was writing the obituary
of ocean life.

The team begin by connecting
those in power with the ocean world

through experiences and films.

We bring leaders with us
on our Pristine Seas expeditions.

But if they cannot
join the expeditions,

then we bring the waters to them
via our storytelling and films.

Once they fall in love with these
places and understand their value,

then we provide the scientific
research and the economic analysis

that justify their production.

And most important,
we bring together country leaders

and community leaders so they can
protect their ocean together

for the benefit of everyone.

The approach is working.

Pristine Seas has helped
to establish 24 marine reserves

covering a total area
roughly twice the size of India.

Even so, less than 8% of the ocean
is currently protected.

The objective moving forward
is clear -

we need at least 30% of the ocean
protected by 2030.

Seeing the diversity and abundance
of marine life in a pristine place

is the best blueprint we have

for what the ocean of the future
could be.

Pristine Seas is already making
a difference.

With more funding
and a greater public profile,

they feel they will be in a better
position to achieve their goal.

These incredible solutions
will all help to revive our oceans

and one will win the Earthshot Prize

and get the platform and resources

it needs to create global impact.

A revival of the world's oceans
is within reach,

but our work doesn't end there.

Next time - we discover the story

of how we may achieve
our last Earthshot

and build a waste-free world.

We'll learn how nature may be able
to help us break down plastics.

Meet a man farming insects
to make good use of food waste.

And discover remarkable ideas
from across the globe

that aim to help humanity
become finally free of waste.