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Downloaded from
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(relaxed trumpet music)
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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- [Narrator] An attorney called
him "a thug for the Lord."
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00:00:11,330 --> 00:00:14,580
His daughter dubbed him
"the rescue machine."
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00:00:14,580 --> 00:00:16,690
To those who loved him, he was a hero.
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00:00:16,690 --> 00:00:20,260
A tough, tenacious,
cantankerous, lovable hero.
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A proud Marine who took the heart both on
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and off the bench the motto,
"Leave no one behind".
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00:00:26,830 --> 00:00:28,930
To his critics, he was
a bleeding heart liberal
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00:00:28,930 --> 00:00:32,180
on the notorious Ninth
Circuit Court of Appeals,
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00:00:32,180 --> 00:00:35,750
a would-be social engineer,
a judicial activist
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who ruled with his heart
instead of his head.
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He was a judge for over 50 years.
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When he died still on the
bench at 94, it was said,
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00:00:45,657 --> 00:00:49,730
"In the field of law and public
interest, there are stars,
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00:00:49,730 --> 00:00:54,730
there are superstars and then
there's Harry Pregerson."
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(relaxed violin music)
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- This morning, Harry's family and I laid
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his body to rest at the
VA Cemetery in Westwood.
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We said Kaddish for
his soul and we laughed
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at the certainty with
which we knew that Harry
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after surveying his new surroundings
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would have said, "It's about time,
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I have always wanted to
live on the Westside."
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(audience laughs)
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That was Harry.
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Funny as hell.
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He did not care about
convention or much else,
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other than living in the
best tradition of the Hebrew
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prophets who railed against
oppression and hypocrisy
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and stupidity and anything
or anyone that subverted
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the rights of the poor or the
powerless or the vulnerable.
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- We all recognize this, right?
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This is the hardest thing
I've ever had to do.
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First of all, I want to thank you all
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for coming today to honor my dad.
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I loved him so much.
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I have to tell you, he was the best father
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in the entire world and
I know you loved him too.
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On the night that he passed
away, I sat in his office.
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At first glance when you walk in,
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it looks like Hurricane
Katrina just blew through it.
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There are papers everywhere.
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There's books everywhere,
pictures, mementos.
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You name it, it's all stuffed into this
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very messy office and
you could learn a lot
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from him just studying
what was on those shelves.
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As I went through his desk,
I found hundreds of letters,
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handwritten notes and cards.
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There were lots and lots of pictures,
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mostly pictures of my
beautiful mother, Bern.
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00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:05,290
There were pictures of
my brother Dean and I.
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00:03:05,290 --> 00:03:07,510
There were pictures of
the late Congressman
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Jim Corman, who was very dear to him.
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Pictures of guys he
served within the Marines
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and finally pictures of
lots and lots of people
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in this audience from the
Bell Shelter or the Courthouse
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or any one of the hundreds
of charity events that
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he was schlepping to almost
every night of the week.
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If you really wanted to
understand what made my dad tick,
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all you had to do was sit in that office.
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- Robert Alton Harris was strapped
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in a chair in the gas chamber.
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The acid bath was filling beneath him
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and then the telephone rang.
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- [Newswoman] That's when Federal
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Appeals Judge Harry Pregerson jumped in.
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- Evidently Federal Courts have ruled
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that San Diego County can
make welfare applicants
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submit to unannounced
searches of their homes.
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Bleeding heart judges
called San Diego's program
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"shameful," an "attack on the poor."
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One of them added "The government does not
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search through the closets and medicine
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00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:03,420
cabinets of farmers receiving subsidies.
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They do not dig through the
laundry baskets and garbage
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00:04:05,870 --> 00:04:09,580
pails of real estate developers
or radio broadcasters."
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Of course not, because those
people aren't on welfare.
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They receive corporate
subsidies, totally different.
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The Federal Appeals Court
based in San Francisco has
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refused to reinstate President
Trump's immigration order.
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- [Newswoman] President Trump's travel ban
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met its end at the Ninth
Circuit Court of Appeals.
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- [Protesters] The people united-
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- [Newswoman] By this
afternoon, the President
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was telling The Washington
Examiner he would
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absolutely consider breaking
up the Ninth Circuit.
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- You go to the Ninth
Circuit and it's a disgrace
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and I'm gonna put in a major complaint
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00:04:42,570 --> 00:04:45,020
because you cannot win,
if you're us, a case
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00:04:45,020 --> 00:04:48,049
in the Ninth Circuit and
I think it's a disgrace.
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00:04:48,049 --> 00:04:50,500
- [Harry] I'm not gonna sign
any order that's gonna have
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the effect of kicking out of
this country kids who were
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born here and who have the
birthright as American citizens.
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I'm just not gonna do it because
I think it's morally wrong.
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(soft piano music)
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My father was born in the Ukraine
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in a village called Kusrilla.
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00:05:11,460 --> 00:05:15,603
He came here about 1904
and he landed in Boston.
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Ended up working in Chicago
and then the War came
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and he was drafted in the American Army
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and was in the Saint-Mihiel
and Meuse-Argonne
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campaigns and he was badly wounded.
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My mother came here as the young girl.
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She lived in Philadelphia and worked
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in one of the sweatshops
for like $3 a week.
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They met here in Los Angeles.
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(upbeat trumpet music)
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It was up real hustling, bustling place.
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People moving up and down the street,
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the Five & Dime and the
pool halls, delicatessens,
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creameries, bakeries, all the
great smells, the markets.
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You had poultry stores where
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the live chickens would running around.
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We lived on Sea View Avenue
for the first 12 years
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00:06:04,917 --> 00:06:07,700
and it was heavily Jewish
but not completely.
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There were many Japanese families,
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Mexican families, Slavs, Italians.
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It was heavily Italian too.
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In grammar school, junior
high school, high school,
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there was always an emphasis
on respect for others,
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00:06:23,790 --> 00:06:27,400
respect for others' cultural
backgrounds, religious beliefs.
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This was emphasized.
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In my high school, we had
52 different ethnic groups
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but everybody got along and
that was very important.
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- [Interviewer] Did you
experience any anti-Semitism?
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- [Harry] These kids, I
think they were Mexican,
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they asked me "Well, like what are you?"
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00:06:45,810 --> 00:06:47,367
So I said "I'm a boy."
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"No, no, no, we want to know
whether you're a Jew or not."
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I said "Yeah" and then they
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wanted to know why I killed Christ.
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00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:57,360
Then I worked for The
Broadway in Pasadena.
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00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:01,010
That was a good job because
that paid like $5 a day.
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00:07:01,010 --> 00:07:02,350
I was there for a few days
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00:07:02,350 --> 00:07:05,140
and they found out I was
Jewish and they fired me.
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00:07:05,140 --> 00:07:06,614
- [Interviewer] That was
really your first experience?
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00:07:06,614 --> 00:07:09,849
- [Harry] That was the real
first experience, yeah.
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00:07:09,849 --> 00:07:11,114
- [Interviewer] When did you first
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begin to think about being a lawyer?
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- [Harry] Well, I think it
all came from my father.
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He used to go and listen
to Darrow in Chicago.
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He had Darrow's debates
on capital punishment
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and from earliest childhood,
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I knew I was gonna go to law school.
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(upbeat carnival music)
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I used to go to the Ocean Park Pier.
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There were a lot of fishermen on the wharf
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and this guy's caught a big one
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and it's on the ground, so it's flopping.
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I just ran over and threw
it back in the ocean.
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Well the guy was mad as hell,
it was probably his supper.
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So the guy starts to run after me.
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00:07:52,606 --> 00:07:55,133
But I just couldn't leave that boy alone.
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He was a humanitarian, but
I'll never forget that.
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- All of us were the
center of Harry's universe.
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00:08:05,620 --> 00:08:09,420
He made sure that I felt like
a girl who could do anything,
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00:08:09,420 --> 00:08:11,490
who was tough, who had the fortitude
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00:08:11,490 --> 00:08:15,530
to really take care of
myself, to weather any storm.
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A turning point came when I was in
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00:08:17,950 --> 00:08:19,900
the seventh grade and my mom announced
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00:08:19,900 --> 00:08:23,700
that she was going back to
school to study microbiology.
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Bern told Harry that he needed to step up
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to the plate and assume
some responsibilities
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of parenting and because
my dad was totally
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helpless in the kitchen,
we went out every night.
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Over dinner, he would tell me
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00:08:37,670 --> 00:08:39,610
what a mediocre student he was.
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By far and away, the brightest
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in the class were always the girls.
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He'd say, "And what
happened to those girls?"
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Well, those girls got
married out of high school,
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they put their husbands through college
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put 'em through graduate school,
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raised the kids and then what happened?
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Sometimes the husband would die.
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00:09:00,490 --> 00:09:02,800
Sometimes,
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00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:04,620
the husband would get bored
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00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:07,790
and the marriage would end in divorce
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00:09:07,790 --> 00:09:10,200
and it was too late for
the woman at that point
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in her life to start
over and have a career.
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00:09:14,870 --> 00:09:18,900
It bothered him so much
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that these women never had an opportunity
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00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:23,900
to really live up to their potential
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and then he'd tell me, "That's why Katie,
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00:09:27,220 --> 00:09:29,700
you need to get a good education.
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You need to be your own boss.
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You need to make your own money.
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00:09:34,680 --> 00:09:38,530
You need to determine
your own destiny, even if
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00:09:38,530 --> 00:09:42,170
you're lucky enough to marry
the man of your dreams."
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00:09:42,170 --> 00:09:44,570
- What was it like to grow up with Harry?
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00:09:44,570 --> 00:09:49,460
Just imagine you're a barely
literate young teenager.
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00:09:49,460 --> 00:09:53,760
You are happily reading "The
Hardy Boys" mystery series,
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00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:57,230
maybe watching a little "Sea Hunt" on TV.
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00:09:57,230 --> 00:09:59,897
Harry strides up and hands you a poem.
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00:09:59,897 --> 00:10:04,033
"Read it, it's called 'Invictus.'"
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00:10:04,033 --> 00:10:05,675
(audience laughs)
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00:10:05,675 --> 00:10:07,176
"But why?"
200
00:10:07,176 --> 00:10:08,276
"It builds character."
201
00:10:10,157 --> 00:10:12,800
"Out of the night that covers me,
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00:10:12,800 --> 00:10:15,710
black as the pit from pole to pole,
203
00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:20,710
I thank whatever gods may be
for my unconquerable soul.
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00:10:21,020 --> 00:10:23,770
In the fell clutch of circumstance,
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00:10:23,770 --> 00:10:26,600
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
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00:10:26,600 --> 00:10:29,230
Under the bludgeonings of chance,
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00:10:29,230 --> 00:10:31,223
my head is bloody but unbowed.
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00:10:32,330 --> 00:10:35,360
Beyond this place of wrath and tears
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00:10:35,360 --> 00:10:38,170
looms but the horror of the shade
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00:10:38,170 --> 00:10:40,690
and yet the menace of the years
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00:10:40,690 --> 00:10:44,520
finds and shall find me unafraid.
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00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:47,250
It matters not how strait the gate,
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00:10:47,250 --> 00:10:51,053
how charged with punishments the scroll,
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00:10:51,053 --> 00:10:54,170
I am the master of my fate,
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00:10:54,170 --> 00:10:56,653
I am the captain of my soul."
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00:10:58,470 --> 00:11:00,930
When Harry was working
his way through UCLA
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00:11:00,930 --> 00:11:03,780
washing dishes at
fraternities and sororities,
218
00:11:03,780 --> 00:11:07,350
he decided that he was gonna
run for Student Body President.
219
00:11:07,350 --> 00:11:09,060
Those were different times.
220
00:11:09,060 --> 00:11:11,563
Anti-Semitism was not in the shadows.
221
00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:14,940
There were restrictive
covenants and deeds.
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00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:17,110
Some schools had quotas,
223
00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:20,380
private clubs had Jews
not allowed policies,
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00:11:20,380 --> 00:11:24,310
anti-Semitic slogans
and jokes were common.
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00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:26,530
No one who was Jewish had ever been
226
00:11:26,530 --> 00:11:29,050
elected Student Body President of UCLA.
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00:11:29,950 --> 00:11:33,260
The other side smeared Harry, his heritage
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00:11:33,260 --> 00:11:37,200
and just said terrible,
terrible things about him.
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00:11:37,200 --> 00:11:40,677
Harry in despair went
to see the campus Rabbi.
230
00:11:40,677 --> 00:11:43,210
"What should I do, Rabbi?" he asked.
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00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:47,190
The Rabbi said one word,
a word that carried
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00:11:47,190 --> 00:11:50,683
Harry through the rest
of his life, "Fight."
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00:11:51,940 --> 00:11:55,382
Harry the dishwasher
won by a good landslide.
234
00:11:55,382 --> 00:11:59,412
(anxious trumpet music)
235
00:11:59,412 --> 00:12:02,495
(explosions booming)
236
00:12:04,287 --> 00:12:09,110
It was 1944, the survival
of America was at stake.
237
00:12:09,110 --> 00:12:11,910
Harry enlisted in the
Marine Corps and soon
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00:12:11,910 --> 00:12:15,463
found himself in Officer's
Training in Quantico, Virginia.
239
00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:18,910
Harry and three of his Marine
240
00:12:18,910 --> 00:12:21,510
buddies are sent to the Pacific.
241
00:12:21,510 --> 00:12:24,903
One is killed, one loses
an eye and one a leg.
242
00:12:26,070 --> 00:12:28,230
For Harry, it meant Okinawa.
243
00:12:28,230 --> 00:12:32,740
More than 200,000 perished
in the 82-day struggle,
244
00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:36,300
twice the number of
Japanese lost at Hiroshima
245
00:12:36,300 --> 00:12:40,709
and more American blood than
had been shed at Gettysburg.
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00:12:40,709 --> 00:12:44,709
(anxious violin, trumpet music)
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00:12:46,180 --> 00:12:49,370
It's May 3rd, 1945.
248
00:12:49,370 --> 00:12:51,660
Harry is wounded both ways by bullets
249
00:12:51,660 --> 00:12:55,303
from a machine gun shooting
Dum Dum exploding rounds.
250
00:12:55,303 --> 00:12:58,090
He's able to like flat
in a small depression
251
00:12:58,090 --> 00:13:01,420
of dirt while ordinance
flies in both directions.
252
00:13:01,420 --> 00:13:03,360
He slows the bleeding by using
253
00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:06,490
his belt and clothing as tourniquets.
254
00:13:06,490 --> 00:13:09,187
Through that long night alone, he hears
255
00:13:09,187 --> 00:13:12,330
"Marine, tonight you die.
256
00:13:12,330 --> 00:13:15,490
Marine, tonight you die."
257
00:13:15,490 --> 00:13:18,590
At dawn, two guys run
through hell to get him.
258
00:13:18,590 --> 00:13:21,990
They dropped him several times
sliding down embankments,
259
00:13:21,990 --> 00:13:25,240
trying to escape, trying to stay alive
260
00:13:25,240 --> 00:13:27,100
and this is where we remember that Harry
261
00:13:27,100 --> 00:13:29,860
is from East LA and proud of it.
262
00:13:29,860 --> 00:13:32,520
His friends were working class Latinos,
263
00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:36,820
Jews, Asians, Italians,
Irish, you name it.
264
00:13:36,820 --> 00:13:40,280
The guys that saved his life
were the Martinez cousins.
265
00:13:40,280 --> 00:13:42,433
He didn't know them, but he knew them.
266
00:13:43,480 --> 00:13:47,150
They were just like his buddies
from the old neighborhood.
267
00:13:47,150 --> 00:13:49,603
The greatest guys in the world.
268
00:13:50,670 --> 00:13:53,920
(anxious violin tones)
269
00:13:56,411 --> 00:13:59,661
(somber trumpet music)
270
00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:04,410
Harry had spent about a year
271
00:14:04,410 --> 00:14:07,150
at the Naval Hospital in San Diego.
272
00:14:07,150 --> 00:14:12,020
His weight went up from
110 to a healthy 175.
273
00:14:12,020 --> 00:14:14,690
He had a limp and he had a cane.
274
00:14:14,690 --> 00:14:18,250
One day, he was playing pool
with one of his buddies.
275
00:14:18,250 --> 00:14:21,120
Harry said "Hey, do you know
any girls I could meet?"
276
00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:24,040
His friend said "Well you
know, I'm going on a date
277
00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:28,020
with this girl and I'll ask
if she has any friends."
278
00:14:28,020 --> 00:14:32,000
Well, this car drives
up and Bern is sitting
279
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:35,430
in the front seat with
Harry's friend who's driving.
280
00:14:35,430 --> 00:14:39,920
Harry opens the door, looks at Bern,
281
00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:43,580
looks at his date in the back seat
282
00:14:43,580 --> 00:14:45,647
and he sits in the front seat.
283
00:14:45,647 --> 00:14:48,480
(audience laughs)
284
00:14:51,130 --> 00:14:52,930
Is anyone surprised?
285
00:14:52,930 --> 00:14:54,770
And from that day forward,
286
00:14:54,770 --> 00:14:57,620
he knew he was going to marry her.
287
00:14:57,620 --> 00:15:01,610
- When I first met Harry,
he was on crutches.
288
00:15:01,610 --> 00:15:04,010
He was this handsome Marine
289
00:15:04,010 --> 00:15:07,861
and what could be more
romantic than a handsome
290
00:15:07,861 --> 00:15:11,143
Marine on crutches to an 18 year old girl?
291
00:15:12,101 --> 00:15:14,550
It was after about five or six times
292
00:15:14,550 --> 00:15:16,380
that I had gone out with Harry,
293
00:15:16,380 --> 00:15:19,850
I said "What do you want
to do with your life?"
294
00:15:19,850 --> 00:15:22,017
And he said without a minute's hesitation,
295
00:15:22,017 --> 00:15:24,010
"Oh, I want to help people."
296
00:15:24,010 --> 00:15:26,350
And he said, "So I'm
gonna go to law school
297
00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:29,407
and acquire the tools that
I'll need to do that."
298
00:15:31,890 --> 00:15:35,970
My background was living in Boyle Heights
299
00:15:36,860 --> 00:15:40,630
during the Depression,
growing up very poor.
300
00:15:40,630 --> 00:15:43,510
My father never had a permanent job.
301
00:15:43,510 --> 00:15:46,210
In fact, most of the time
he didn't have a job at all.
302
00:15:46,210 --> 00:15:51,210
He was a mechanic and they
were not hiring mechanics
303
00:15:51,830 --> 00:15:56,650
and so there were six
children and sometimes
304
00:15:56,650 --> 00:16:01,650
it was lean pickings when it came to food
305
00:16:01,740 --> 00:16:03,700
and I felt poor
306
00:16:03,700 --> 00:16:08,700
and so when I went to UCLA
the semester I met Harry,
307
00:16:09,320 --> 00:16:11,800
I couldn't believe how
beautiful those homes
308
00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:14,580
were around UCLA and I thought to myself
309
00:16:14,580 --> 00:16:17,130
you know, I'd really like one of those.
310
00:16:17,130 --> 00:16:20,260
So when Harry said he
wanted to help people
311
00:16:20,260 --> 00:16:23,163
and I'm thinking about
those beautiful houses,
312
00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:29,730
it didn't seem to me, as
naive as I was, that maybe
313
00:16:29,730 --> 00:16:34,510
helping people was not such
a money-making proposition.
314
00:16:34,510 --> 00:16:38,030
That maybe those houses would be out
315
00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:41,410
of range with Harry
working on helping people.
316
00:16:41,410 --> 00:16:44,070
But I thought it was such an unusual thing
317
00:16:44,070 --> 00:16:47,890
for him to say and when I
dated him more and more,
318
00:16:47,890 --> 00:16:50,390
I realized that I would
probably never meet
319
00:16:50,390 --> 00:16:54,240
anybody as unique as
this man and so that's
320
00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:57,363
when I decided that maybe
this was the guy for me.
321
00:16:59,334 --> 00:17:03,834
(up tempo Jewish style wedding music)
322
00:17:09,380 --> 00:17:13,170
Harry took any case that
came through the door
323
00:17:13,170 --> 00:17:17,670
and I mean any case, he
did wills for maybe $10.
324
00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:19,890
Never thought about billable hours,
325
00:17:19,890 --> 00:17:21,920
just whatever they could pay.
326
00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:24,380
I remember Harry coming
home with a package
327
00:17:24,380 --> 00:17:27,460
of chicken legs or we got a free tire.
328
00:17:27,460 --> 00:17:29,980
It never occurred to him to limit himself
329
00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:33,880
to people of position, people of influence
330
00:17:33,880 --> 00:17:37,720
and that's when he first
embarked on the idea of
331
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:42,720
trying to find a way for the
little guy to be represented.
332
00:17:43,889 --> 00:17:46,010
- In the late 50s, I got to hanging around
333
00:17:46,010 --> 00:17:48,600
with what was then the neighborhood gang.
334
00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:51,340
My mother's optometrist
was Dr. Edward Lamar
335
00:17:51,340 --> 00:17:54,110
and every afternoon
from about 2:00 to 4:00,
336
00:17:54,110 --> 00:17:57,060
he'd put an out to lunch sign
337
00:17:57,060 --> 00:18:00,750
and him and his receptionist would
338
00:18:00,750 --> 00:18:05,290
basically have a lovemaking
session in the afternoons
339
00:18:05,290 --> 00:18:07,480
with their lunch and
so we knew that the car
340
00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:10,450
wasn't going anywhere
for at least two hours.
341
00:18:10,450 --> 00:18:13,000
So we actually went joyriding twice
342
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:14,870
before the third time, we got caught.
343
00:18:14,870 --> 00:18:16,820
Detectives came that evening to the house
344
00:18:16,820 --> 00:18:19,410
and told my dad that they
knew that I was in the car
345
00:18:19,410 --> 00:18:23,590
and after my dad got through straightening
346
00:18:23,590 --> 00:18:26,620
me out with his belt,
we had to go to court
347
00:18:26,620 --> 00:18:29,710
and that's when I met
Harry and he was hard.
348
00:18:29,710 --> 00:18:32,850
I never met somebody that
could scare me like he did.
349
00:18:32,850 --> 00:18:35,000
I still remember one thing he said
350
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:40,000
that just kind of stuck with
me and that was that if that's
351
00:18:40,460 --> 00:18:43,490
the kind of life I wanted to
lead, then I wasn't a very
352
00:18:43,490 --> 00:18:46,923
good person and that they
should throw the book at me.
353
00:18:47,820 --> 00:18:49,940
But if I wanted to change,
354
00:18:49,940 --> 00:18:51,560
then the change had to be with me.
355
00:18:51,560 --> 00:18:52,970
It couldn't be anybody else
356
00:18:52,970 --> 00:18:55,080
and I couldn't blame anybody else
357
00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:57,510
and my father made the
comment that he was a Marine
358
00:18:57,510 --> 00:19:02,180
and he was a combat Marine
and a decorated Marine
359
00:19:02,180 --> 00:19:06,290
and that Marines didn't
put up with any nonsense.
360
00:19:06,290 --> 00:19:08,480
So that put the idea in my head that maybe
361
00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:11,650
these Marines were a pretty
tough outfit to belong to.
362
00:19:11,650 --> 00:19:14,550
I wanted to be a Marine if
they could make you that tough.
363
00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:18,770
- It was when Jim Corman, the Congressman
364
00:19:18,770 --> 00:19:21,990
who was very close to
Harry said to him one day,
365
00:19:21,990 --> 00:19:24,910
he said, "You know,
you'd make a fine judge."
366
00:19:24,910 --> 00:19:26,440
And he said "I'm going to try
367
00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:28,657
to see whether that's possible."
368
00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:32,050
Pat Brown, who was Governor Brown
369
00:19:32,050 --> 00:19:34,440
was impressed with my husband.
370
00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:37,320
He liked what Harry was doing
371
00:19:37,320 --> 00:19:40,500
and so it just happened
there was an opening.
372
00:19:40,500 --> 00:19:44,710
Harry first became a
Municipal Court Judge.
373
00:19:44,710 --> 00:19:47,170
One year later, he was appointed
374
00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:49,960
to be a Superior Court Judge.
375
00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:52,300
He was appointed to the District Court
376
00:19:52,300 --> 00:19:54,413
by President Lyndon Johnson.
377
00:19:55,635 --> 00:19:58,552
(gunfire clacking)
378
00:19:59,642 --> 00:20:01,607
(explosion booms)
379
00:20:01,607 --> 00:20:05,340
Harry was torn when it came to Vietnam.
380
00:20:05,340 --> 00:20:08,030
He felt that everybody should serve
381
00:20:08,030 --> 00:20:11,903
but he understood why
others didn't feel that way.
382
00:20:13,130 --> 00:20:16,620
- The War was just heating up
when I got out of high school
383
00:20:16,620 --> 00:20:19,430
and you could go into college,
you could get a deferment
384
00:20:19,430 --> 00:20:22,980
and avoid going in the service at all
385
00:20:22,980 --> 00:20:25,930
and so I took that deferment
and I went to college,
386
00:20:25,930 --> 00:20:29,030
not necessarily because
I wanted to go to college
387
00:20:29,030 --> 00:20:31,340
but because I could get a deferment.
388
00:20:31,340 --> 00:20:33,750
A couple of years down the
line when the War began getting
389
00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:37,883
worse, I decided I had to
take personal responsibility
390
00:20:37,883 --> 00:20:40,990
for my position on the War
and that I had sort of white
391
00:20:40,990 --> 00:20:44,050
privilege going to school
when other kids couldn't.
392
00:20:44,050 --> 00:20:47,970
So I sent in my 2-S
and they made me a 1-A.
393
00:20:47,970 --> 00:20:50,050
They called me for a physical
394
00:20:50,050 --> 00:20:54,863
and I refused to take the
physical and then I was indicted.
395
00:20:55,740 --> 00:20:58,120
When they said "The People
of the United States
396
00:20:58,120 --> 00:21:00,630
of America versus Robert Paul Zaugh,"
397
00:21:00,630 --> 00:21:04,910
I felt this huge wave of adrenal fear
398
00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:08,640
jolt me and pass through my body
399
00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:12,230
and once it did, I was not nervous.
400
00:21:12,230 --> 00:21:15,520
The Judge didn't have to
let you defend yourself.
401
00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:16,847
They could just keep it to
402
00:21:16,847 --> 00:21:20,380
"Did you refuse induction or did you not?"
403
00:21:20,380 --> 00:21:21,980
It's a yes or no answer
404
00:21:21,980 --> 00:21:24,360
and that could be the end of your case.
405
00:21:24,360 --> 00:21:28,230
Even though the prosecutor
objected to my presentation,
406
00:21:28,230 --> 00:21:32,190
Pregerson said, "I want to hear
what Mr. Zaugh has to say."
407
00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:35,640
So I spoke for, I don't know, 20 minutes.
408
00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:37,727
He acquitted me of refusing induction
409
00:21:37,727 --> 00:21:40,550
and he convicted me of
refusing to take a physical.
410
00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:44,170
He sentenced me to work
in the national interest.
411
00:21:44,170 --> 00:21:48,010
I told them that I was
working at Peace Press,
412
00:21:48,010 --> 00:21:52,030
that we printed for Angela
Davis, Daniel Ellsberg,
413
00:21:52,030 --> 00:21:55,770
the Communist Party, the
Black Panthers, et cetera
414
00:21:55,770 --> 00:21:57,900
and that that was the
national interest and that's
415
00:21:57,900 --> 00:22:01,680
what I was going to do and
they never challenged that.
416
00:22:01,680 --> 00:22:04,440
I thought perhaps it was my so-called
417
00:22:04,440 --> 00:22:08,930
brilliant defense that
had kept me out of prison.
418
00:22:08,930 --> 00:22:13,560
But what Pregerson said was
that he visits everybody
419
00:22:13,560 --> 00:22:16,920
he sends to prison and
that he went up to Lompoc
420
00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:19,480
to visit a bank robber and he looked on
421
00:22:19,480 --> 00:22:22,920
the prison manifest and he
saw the name of Mike Swartz.
422
00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:26,400
He thought Schwartz was picking
corn in Safford, Arizona,
423
00:22:26,400 --> 00:22:28,070
the minimum security prison
424
00:22:28,070 --> 00:22:30,040
that most resisters were sent to.
425
00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:33,240
It wasn't my argument that got me off.
426
00:22:33,240 --> 00:22:35,950
It was one, he didn't like the conditions
427
00:22:35,950 --> 00:22:39,550
in that prison and two,
he realized how serious
428
00:22:39,550 --> 00:22:42,700
the draft resisters were
about what they were doing
429
00:22:42,700 --> 00:22:45,250
and he decided personally he was not gonna
430
00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:48,310
send any more draft resisters to prison
431
00:22:49,210 --> 00:22:52,247
and lo and behold, I was the next case.
432
00:22:52,247 --> 00:22:55,580
(relaxed guitar music)
433
00:22:55,580 --> 00:22:59,780
- They came home, they had to find a job.
434
00:22:59,780 --> 00:23:03,080
Many of them had been gone
for a number of years.
435
00:23:03,080 --> 00:23:08,080
They hadn't had training
to move into the mainstream
436
00:23:08,120 --> 00:23:11,610
and so many of them
wound up on the streets.
437
00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:15,370
They were homeless and they were needing
438
00:23:15,370 --> 00:23:18,230
help and nobody was giving them help.
439
00:23:18,230 --> 00:23:22,090
So Harry just went crazy over that idea
440
00:23:22,090 --> 00:23:25,370
that you have people
serving, putting their life
441
00:23:25,370 --> 00:23:29,340
on the line, as he saw all these men do,
442
00:23:29,340 --> 00:23:30,173
Marines
443
00:23:31,714 --> 00:23:34,390
and Navy and Army guys
444
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:38,377
and gals and he said, "How
can you treat them so poorly?"
445
00:23:40,193 --> 00:23:43,510
- In Los Angeles alone, there
were about 24,000 homeless
446
00:23:43,510 --> 00:23:47,620
veterans and he really took
it to heart that these guys
447
00:23:47,620 --> 00:23:50,420
were out on the street and
they and they couldn't get help
448
00:23:50,420 --> 00:23:53,370
and tears came to his eyes,
449
00:23:53,370 --> 00:23:56,820
just showing that he cared
deeply about everyone,
450
00:23:56,820 --> 00:24:01,820
about every veteran who wasn't
being helped in the world.
451
00:24:01,870 --> 00:24:04,580
Harry and I really
connected early on in that.
452
00:24:04,580 --> 00:24:06,640
He found out that I was a Marine.
453
00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:09,950
We are taught to protect those around us.
454
00:24:09,950 --> 00:24:13,960
We become a unit and we
watch each other's back,
455
00:24:13,960 --> 00:24:16,490
which in combat is absolutely essential.
456
00:24:16,490 --> 00:24:19,400
So he identified a building, he found
457
00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:22,240
the people who would give the
down payment on the building.
458
00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:23,370
He really put together
459
00:24:23,370 --> 00:24:26,373
the building blocks of
what became US Vets.
460
00:24:27,300 --> 00:24:29,450
Our workers go out into the streets,
461
00:24:29,450 --> 00:24:32,280
go under the bridges, by the freeways
462
00:24:32,280 --> 00:24:35,090
and when they see an
encampment of homeless people,
463
00:24:35,090 --> 00:24:36,960
they'll say, "Are any of you veterans?"
464
00:24:36,960 --> 00:24:37,960
- Are you a veteran?
465
00:24:40,310 --> 00:24:41,150
You got any vets out here?
466
00:24:41,150 --> 00:24:42,943
And Army, Navy, Marines?
- Army.
467
00:24:48,395 --> 00:24:49,897
- Are you a veteran by any chance?
468
00:24:49,897 --> 00:24:50,980
Are you a United States veteran?
469
00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:55,800
- Once be bring them in, we
assess them, try to determine
470
00:24:55,800 --> 00:24:59,530
what are those things that
led them to homelessness?
471
00:24:59,530 --> 00:25:01,460
- We got guys that just got out
472
00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:04,297
of the military last year, you know?
473
00:25:06,722 --> 00:25:11,157
We have from World War II all the way up.
474
00:25:11,157 --> 00:25:14,103
(plane humming)
475
00:25:14,103 --> 00:25:17,783
The only family they have is
right here, this community.
476
00:25:19,230 --> 00:25:20,970
- You see, it started 35 years ago.
477
00:25:20,970 --> 00:25:24,580
Harry was watching
television and on the news,
478
00:25:24,580 --> 00:25:26,160
the Salvation Army was managing
479
00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:28,980
a homeless shelter, a cold winter shelter.
480
00:25:28,980 --> 00:25:31,560
It was a very bleak and cold winter
481
00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:34,680
and many of the homeless
were dying on the streets.
482
00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:37,090
The city announced that the shelter would
483
00:25:37,090 --> 00:25:39,270
be closed and that the
Salvation Army would cease
484
00:25:39,270 --> 00:25:41,983
to manage it because there
were no more funds left.
485
00:25:43,060 --> 00:25:47,580
They asked my father, "What are
these homeless going to do?"
486
00:25:47,580 --> 00:25:49,620
And he says, "They're gonna probably
487
00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:52,447
have to go back to
sleeping on the streets."
488
00:25:53,610 --> 00:25:55,860
Well, Harry saw that
interview on television
489
00:25:55,860 --> 00:25:58,770
and just within about
an hour after my father
490
00:25:58,770 --> 00:26:03,510
got back to his office, he
got a phone call from Harry
491
00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:06,240
and you know that when you
get a phone call from Harry,
492
00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:09,840
something's about to happen,
something's going to be done
493
00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:11,570
and it's probably gonna
challenge you to do
494
00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:14,400
a lot more than you ever
thought you were gonna do.
495
00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:16,300
The Judge drove him down to Bell,
496
00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:19,010
government land that wasn't being used.
497
00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:21,920
He said, "What could you do with this?"
498
00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:25,170
500 men and women from
that day forward were
499
00:26:25,170 --> 00:26:29,265
housed at this complex
because Harry made it happen.
500
00:26:29,265 --> 00:26:31,830
(relaxed guitar music)
501
00:26:31,830 --> 00:26:34,250
- [Harry] If you want to
meet wonderful people,
502
00:26:34,250 --> 00:26:37,990
kind people, sharing
people, decent people,
503
00:26:37,990 --> 00:26:41,200
you go to a homeless shelter
and you sit down with them.
504
00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:44,670
They'll share whatever they
have with the next person.
505
00:26:44,670 --> 00:26:47,450
They're concerned about others' problems.
506
00:26:47,450 --> 00:26:49,320
There's so much talent there.
507
00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:51,470
We've had lawyers who were homeless.
508
00:26:51,470 --> 00:26:53,810
We've had bankers who were homeless.
509
00:26:53,810 --> 00:26:56,720
We've had NBA basketball players.
510
00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:58,810
We've had a lot of folks that
511
00:26:58,810 --> 00:27:02,170
are just struggling to survive every day.
512
00:27:02,170 --> 00:27:05,550
They come to our place
and we have a total array
513
00:27:05,550 --> 00:27:08,633
of programs to help 'em
get back on their feet.
514
00:27:10,980 --> 00:27:12,990
- When the Pregerson family
515
00:27:12,990 --> 00:27:16,023
asked me to share a few reflections,
516
00:27:17,160 --> 00:27:19,850
I wanted to speak from my
heart and think of what's
517
00:27:19,850 --> 00:27:23,340
the truest thing I can say
to honor this magnificent man
518
00:27:23,340 --> 00:27:25,330
and it occurred to me
it is somewhat ironic
519
00:27:25,330 --> 00:27:28,910
that as a Catholic and
Christian, the person
520
00:27:28,910 --> 00:27:32,350
who most has reminded me
of Jesus on my journey
521
00:27:32,350 --> 00:27:34,950
was a man of Jewish persuasion named Harry
522
00:27:35,890 --> 00:27:38,180
and I had mentioned this to my wife,
523
00:27:38,180 --> 00:27:40,470
my most honest critic, Denise.
524
00:27:40,470 --> 00:27:42,130
She said "No, you're not gonna say that.
525
00:27:42,130 --> 00:27:44,430
First of all, Jesus was a Jew.
526
00:27:44,430 --> 00:27:45,680
You're gonna sound like an ignorant
527
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:46,900
Catholic boy who doesn't know his history.
528
00:27:46,900 --> 00:27:48,250
You're not gonna say that."
529
00:27:49,151 --> 00:27:51,560
It kinda reminded me of those
moments when you've been
530
00:27:51,560 --> 00:27:55,280
at those events that honor
Harry and as was mentioned,
531
00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:56,960
he has a tendency to kinda go on and on
532
00:27:56,960 --> 00:27:59,120
with his enthusiasm and so finally Bern
533
00:27:59,120 --> 00:28:01,080
pops up and says "Harry, get down,
534
00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:03,120
you're done, get off the stage."
535
00:28:03,120 --> 00:28:05,400
God bless our wives.
536
00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:08,210
Harry recognized that as devastating
537
00:28:08,210 --> 00:28:10,513
as material poverty can be,
538
00:28:11,430 --> 00:28:16,430
it is the disconnection
from a community of care
539
00:28:16,790 --> 00:28:20,483
that most depresses the plights
of our homeless neighbors.
540
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:25,590
I am convinced that this is
why the individual attention
541
00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:29,490
he devoted to the poor and
powerless surpassed that
542
00:28:29,490 --> 00:28:31,913
which he directed to the
powerful and the elite.
543
00:28:33,250 --> 00:28:37,040
His message to the homeless
was you deserve more
544
00:28:37,910 --> 00:28:42,910
and I believe in you, don't
give up on your dreams.
545
00:28:43,090 --> 00:28:45,517
The message he conveyed
to the powerful was
546
00:28:45,517 --> 00:28:49,658
you need to do more or I won't
believe in you because you'll
547
00:28:49,658 --> 00:28:54,097
be giving up on the dream of
what we must be as a community.
548
00:28:55,170 --> 00:28:59,100
- In 1979, Harry was
nominated to the Ninth Circuit
549
00:28:59,100 --> 00:29:03,200
Court of Appeals by
President Jimmy Carter.
550
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:04,610
He went before the Senate
551
00:29:04,610 --> 00:29:07,193
Judiciary Committee for confirmation.
552
00:29:08,650 --> 00:29:12,970
Harry was asked by one of the Senators
553
00:29:12,970 --> 00:29:16,287
and pushed by one of the Senators,
554
00:29:16,287 --> 00:29:18,180
"What would you do, Judge,
555
00:29:18,180 --> 00:29:22,950
if you had a case in
which you had to decide
556
00:29:22,950 --> 00:29:26,230
according to the law or your conscience?"
557
00:29:26,230 --> 00:29:29,510
And Harry really said afterwards to me
558
00:29:29,510 --> 00:29:32,060
and others that that made
him very uncomfortable
559
00:29:32,060 --> 00:29:34,110
to try to answer a question like that
560
00:29:35,590 --> 00:29:39,410
and he finally, because
they pressed him, he finally
561
00:29:39,410 --> 00:29:43,700
said "My conscience is the
product of the 10 Commandments,
562
00:29:43,700 --> 00:29:46,800
the Bill of Rights, the Boy Scout Oath
563
00:29:46,800 --> 00:29:48,343
and the Marine Corps Hymn.
564
00:29:49,220 --> 00:29:53,290
If I had to follow my
conscience or the law,
565
00:29:53,290 --> 00:29:55,277
I would follow my conscience."
566
00:29:58,950 --> 00:30:00,680
Harry could not lie.
567
00:30:00,680 --> 00:30:02,620
Harry had no guile.
568
00:30:02,620 --> 00:30:05,710
He just was what he was.
569
00:30:05,710 --> 00:30:08,350
People would take him for what he was
570
00:30:08,350 --> 00:30:12,900
and I think everybody recognized
that this was a man of
571
00:30:15,170 --> 00:30:16,690
great
572
00:30:16,690 --> 00:30:17,523
honor,
573
00:30:18,410 --> 00:30:21,962
of great morality, of integrity.
574
00:30:21,962 --> 00:30:25,545
(soft piano, violin music)
575
00:30:54,180 --> 00:30:56,060
- I was asked to speak on behalf
576
00:30:56,060 --> 00:30:59,890
of HP's law clerks past and present.
577
00:30:59,890 --> 00:31:02,670
There are over 150 of us
578
00:31:02,670 --> 00:31:06,050
over his 45 years on the Federal bench.
579
00:31:06,050 --> 00:31:07,580
He has sworn most of us
580
00:31:07,580 --> 00:31:10,230
into the Bar and into other positions.
581
00:31:10,230 --> 00:31:13,150
Since he's been a Circuit
Judge, he has taken
582
00:31:13,150 --> 00:31:16,413
the liberty of embellishing
the State Bar Oath.
583
00:31:17,580 --> 00:31:21,387
He adds the promise, which
he makes us all repeat,
584
00:31:21,387 --> 00:31:24,761
"I will never file an oversized brief."
585
00:31:24,761 --> 00:31:27,250
(audience laughs)
586
00:31:27,250 --> 00:31:29,490
He bragged about other people's kids
587
00:31:29,490 --> 00:31:32,463
and shared pictures as
if they were his own.
588
00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:36,760
He took the cane, an
item that some might view
589
00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:40,510
as a symbol of weakness and
made it powerful and fun.
590
00:31:40,510 --> 00:31:42,690
He used to do tricks with his cane.
591
00:31:42,690 --> 00:31:46,970
HP regularly hired female
law clerks from the get-go,
592
00:31:46,970 --> 00:31:49,160
long before many of his colleagues
593
00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:51,970
would even consider such
a hire and if you got
594
00:31:51,970 --> 00:31:55,100
pregnant while you were
working for him, no problem.
595
00:31:55,100 --> 00:31:57,300
Just bring the crib in.
596
00:31:57,300 --> 00:31:59,413
He had it all set up as a nursery.
597
00:32:00,350 --> 00:32:02,030
He was always on the phone,
598
00:32:02,030 --> 00:32:04,900
moving and shaking, wheeling and dealing.
599
00:32:04,900 --> 00:32:07,740
It was so frustrating if
you were trying to keep him
600
00:32:07,740 --> 00:32:12,070
on a deadline or help him get
an opinion out but he taught
601
00:32:12,070 --> 00:32:16,710
us how to get amazing things
done by personal contact.
602
00:32:16,710 --> 00:32:19,040
When he saw a wrong that
needed to be righted,
603
00:32:19,040 --> 00:32:20,520
he gathered the law clerks
604
00:32:20,520 --> 00:32:23,480
and he gave us our marching orders.
605
00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:27,200
Find the law and build
to the right decision.
606
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:30,400
He said the law is like
going to Builder's Emporium,
607
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:32,690
figure out what you want to build
608
00:32:32,690 --> 00:32:35,950
and then use the law
as a tool to build it.
609
00:32:35,950 --> 00:32:38,763
And he had amazing legal vision.
610
00:32:39,920 --> 00:32:43,777
His dissent in Sullivan
versus United States in 1985
611
00:32:45,890 --> 00:32:49,770
lamented the failure of the
Court and our government
612
00:32:49,770 --> 00:32:54,713
to recognize the importance of
a party's same-sex marriage.
613
00:32:56,310 --> 00:33:00,270
In 1998 in US versus Lipman,
614
00:33:00,270 --> 00:33:03,680
long before the DACA controversy,
615
00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:06,860
he authored a little-known opinion that
616
00:33:06,860 --> 00:33:11,203
gave legal recognition to
real life on the street.
617
00:33:12,110 --> 00:33:15,320
That it is no surprise that children
618
00:33:15,320 --> 00:33:19,040
brought to this country
illegally by their parents
619
00:33:19,040 --> 00:33:22,223
become as American as the rest of us.
620
00:33:23,370 --> 00:33:25,760
- He was obviously incredibly impactful
621
00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:29,120
as a jurist and I think
for two different reasons.
622
00:33:29,120 --> 00:33:32,673
One, he personified idealism.
623
00:33:33,560 --> 00:33:35,863
The law was there to protect people.
624
00:33:36,970 --> 00:33:41,420
It was infused with values,
equality and fairness
625
00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:47,280
but he also was the consummate pragmatist.
626
00:33:47,280 --> 00:33:51,150
He measured whether something was just
627
00:33:51,150 --> 00:33:56,150
based on its actual effect
on real people's lives.
628
00:33:56,300 --> 00:33:59,467
(relaxed piano music)
629
00:34:02,780 --> 00:34:05,130
- In the mid-80s, it came
to light that the city
630
00:34:05,130 --> 00:34:08,460
of Los Angeles had been
inadequately treating its sewage
631
00:34:08,460 --> 00:34:10,190
and was essentially
dumping everything that
632
00:34:10,190 --> 00:34:13,293
was flushed down a toilet
into Santa Monica Bay.
633
00:34:14,680 --> 00:34:18,130
- The Hyperion Treatment
Plant was not coming close
634
00:34:18,130 --> 00:34:20,720
to meeting the requirements
under the Clean Water Act.
635
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:23,640
We had a dead zone in the
middle of Santa Monica Bay.
636
00:34:23,640 --> 00:34:25,790
We had sewage spills closing the beaches
637
00:34:25,790 --> 00:34:28,380
even in the height of
summer and people were
638
00:34:28,380 --> 00:34:30,780
just sick and tired of
the poor water quality.
639
00:34:32,620 --> 00:34:34,530
It was very much under the radar.
640
00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:37,180
Then Assemblyman Tom Hayden held hearings.
641
00:34:37,180 --> 00:34:38,790
Then all of a sudden, the sorry state
642
00:34:38,790 --> 00:34:41,103
of sewage became front page news.
643
00:34:43,020 --> 00:34:45,360
Judge Pregerson had
been the District Judge
644
00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:48,500
who had been presiding
over the enforcement case.
645
00:34:48,500 --> 00:34:51,990
It then got put on hold for
many, many years and by the time
646
00:34:51,990 --> 00:34:54,880
it reopened, he was an Appellate
Court Judge but he kept
647
00:34:54,880 --> 00:34:58,090
on the case because he
already had the experience.
648
00:34:58,090 --> 00:35:00,250
He required all of us to go on a tour
649
00:35:00,250 --> 00:35:02,860
of the Hyperion Treatment
Plant and he made sure
650
00:35:02,860 --> 00:35:04,900
that everybody got up close and personal
651
00:35:04,900 --> 00:35:06,750
to what's known as the headworks,
652
00:35:06,750 --> 00:35:08,550
where there are bar screens that screen
653
00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:11,930
out the crazy large items
and things that people dump
654
00:35:11,930 --> 00:35:14,880
into sewers down manholes
and flush down the toilets.
655
00:35:14,880 --> 00:35:17,750
It's the most odorful area.
656
00:35:17,750 --> 00:35:20,160
- [Mark] We ended up
meeting once a quarter.
657
00:35:20,160 --> 00:35:23,530
Judge Harry Pregerson presided
to run those meetings.
658
00:35:23,530 --> 00:35:26,560
- Stuck in a room having
to go through everything,
659
00:35:26,560 --> 00:35:29,230
we started to develop
some honest relationships.
660
00:35:29,230 --> 00:35:30,547
Being able to ask questions, you know,
661
00:35:30,547 --> 00:35:33,130
"Would you let your daughter go swim
662
00:35:33,130 --> 00:35:34,720
in the beach out near the plant?"
663
00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:35,990
And the answer was no.
664
00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:38,730
- He was so down earth and so folksy
665
00:35:38,730 --> 00:35:41,780
and he just had this incredible way
666
00:35:41,780 --> 00:35:44,830
of making everybody in
that room feel at ease
667
00:35:44,830 --> 00:35:47,720
and also feel that their
voice was important.
668
00:35:47,720 --> 00:35:50,830
We I think realized,
somewhat to our horror,
669
00:35:50,830 --> 00:35:52,740
that we had approached talking about
670
00:35:53,690 --> 00:35:57,850
the men and women of the
Public Works Department
671
00:35:57,850 --> 00:35:59,700
as if the folks who went
to work at the sewage
672
00:35:59,700 --> 00:36:02,260
treatment plant went there
every morning to manufacturer
673
00:36:02,260 --> 00:36:05,210
sewage for the joy of
dumping it in the ocean
674
00:36:05,210 --> 00:36:08,530
as opposed to it being
hardworking men and women
675
00:36:08,530 --> 00:36:10,650
who were dealing with
a river of human waste
676
00:36:10,650 --> 00:36:13,210
coming at them 24 hours a
day that they hadn't been
677
00:36:13,210 --> 00:36:16,822
given the resources they
needed to deal with adequately.
678
00:36:16,822 --> 00:36:20,489
(soft piano, trumpet music)
679
00:36:22,493 --> 00:36:25,350
I think Judge Pregerson
and his very humanity
680
00:36:25,350 --> 00:36:28,510
in forcing us to come together
as people to figure out
681
00:36:28,510 --> 00:36:31,410
what could be done as
opposed to fighting in the
682
00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:35,283
traditional sense really brought
the best out of all of us.
683
00:36:57,980 --> 00:37:00,133
- We hear the term activist judge.
684
00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,290
That doesn't really encompass
685
00:37:04,290 --> 00:37:08,680
the activist judge that
Harry Pregerson was.
686
00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:10,930
He taught us it's not
just what you do in law
687
00:37:10,930 --> 00:37:13,970
with your hands in the
opinions that you write
688
00:37:13,970 --> 00:37:17,470
but it's what you do with your
feet outside the courtroom.
689
00:37:17,470 --> 00:37:20,130
When a freeway going through
South Los Angeles was going
690
00:37:20,130 --> 00:37:24,810
to uproot low income families,
he stopped it in its tracks.
691
00:37:24,810 --> 00:37:27,980
The first time in the history
perhaps of this nation
692
00:37:27,980 --> 00:37:30,840
that a judge stopped an
infrastructure project
693
00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:34,130
like that out of justice, to
make sure that something that
694
00:37:34,130 --> 00:37:38,653
was supposed to serve all of
us did not leave anyone behind.
695
00:37:39,690 --> 00:37:42,490
- The Century Freeway was planned
696
00:37:42,490 --> 00:37:47,490
deliberately to go right
through the urban area
697
00:37:47,530 --> 00:37:51,370
and in doing so, it would destroy
698
00:37:51,370 --> 00:37:54,803
approximately 8,000 housing units.
699
00:37:55,740 --> 00:37:58,410
We were very young, still very green
700
00:37:58,410 --> 00:38:00,450
and trying to figure out what
701
00:38:00,450 --> 00:38:03,920
public interest law could be about.
702
00:38:03,920 --> 00:38:07,110
Judge Pregerson understood
the need to act quickly
703
00:38:07,110 --> 00:38:10,440
and Judge Pregerson kept
going back to Caltrans
704
00:38:10,440 --> 00:38:12,320
and saying "You need to do a better job
705
00:38:12,320 --> 00:38:15,250
of addressing the problems of blight."
706
00:38:15,250 --> 00:38:19,923
He continued the injunction
in effect for seven years.
707
00:38:21,330 --> 00:38:26,330
Judge Pregerson clearly
understood that a very robust
708
00:38:26,510 --> 00:38:31,510
mitigation plan was going
to be the optimum solution.
709
00:38:31,900 --> 00:38:35,210
He delivered that message
and that was critical
710
00:38:35,210 --> 00:38:37,570
to getting both the Federal and the State
711
00:38:37,570 --> 00:38:40,910
government to agree to a plan that was
712
00:38:40,910 --> 00:38:44,680
going to cost hundreds
of millions of dollars.
713
00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:48,480
The settlement provided that
roughly half the cost of the
714
00:38:48,480 --> 00:38:53,250
freeway was going to be put
into the mitigation measures.
715
00:38:53,250 --> 00:38:56,920
Pregerson was more
responsible than anybody
716
00:38:56,920 --> 00:38:59,860
for establishing the
Apprenticeship Program.
717
00:38:59,860 --> 00:39:02,660
You should have certain numbers of women,
718
00:39:02,660 --> 00:39:05,450
you should have certain
numbers of the minority.
719
00:39:05,450 --> 00:39:07,030
You should try to have as many people
720
00:39:07,030 --> 00:39:09,329
from the impacted area as possible.
721
00:39:09,329 --> 00:39:12,800
That proved to be extremely difficult
722
00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:15,320
because a lot of people
that you would want
723
00:39:15,320 --> 00:39:18,600
to get those jobs didn't have the skills.
724
00:39:18,600 --> 00:39:22,130
Pregerson said "Well, let's
have an Apprenticeship Program
725
00:39:22,130 --> 00:39:25,070
where we teach these people
the skills from the beginning,
726
00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:27,210
how to hit a hammer into a nail,
727
00:39:27,210 --> 00:39:30,728
then go up from there
and drive the bulldozer."
728
00:39:30,728 --> 00:39:32,400
(bulldozer rumbles)
729
00:39:32,400 --> 00:39:35,430
He had a great concern for minorities.
730
00:39:35,430 --> 00:39:37,290
Maybe it was his Jewish background,
731
00:39:37,290 --> 00:39:41,150
that he felt he was a minority religiously
732
00:39:42,150 --> 00:39:44,840
and that the Jewish community was one
733
00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:47,550
of many minority groups as he grew up
734
00:39:47,550 --> 00:39:50,310
and so he felt concerned
for other minority groups.
735
00:39:50,310 --> 00:39:52,073
I'm not sure where he got that.
736
00:39:53,482 --> 00:39:56,815
(relaxed trumpet music)
737
00:40:02,550 --> 00:40:05,030
- This is a letter from a Congressman,
738
00:40:05,030 --> 00:40:09,000
Chuck Holifield of the
19th District in California
739
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:14,000
and he writes to my husband
on September 11th, 1945,
740
00:40:14,217 --> 00:40:17,420
"Dear Harry, I rejoice with you
741
00:40:17,420 --> 00:40:20,600
in the restoration of your Commission.
742
00:40:20,600 --> 00:40:22,960
The most important thing
in this whole affair
743
00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:25,130
is that you've proven your ability
744
00:40:25,130 --> 00:40:28,727
to overcome what seemed to
be a very great tragedy."
745
00:40:30,710 --> 00:40:32,783
Oh, where to begin?
746
00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:40,760
There's no question that my
husband suffered from PTSD.
747
00:40:42,440 --> 00:40:47,080
I've known it, Harry has known
it and you could say well,
748
00:40:47,080 --> 00:40:49,180
he certainly suffered in the battlefield.
749
00:40:49,180 --> 00:40:51,920
He had these severe wounds in Okinawa
750
00:40:52,820 --> 00:40:57,470
but by far the greatest
suffering that my husband had
751
00:40:57,470 --> 00:41:00,110
was when he was in Quantico, Virginia
752
00:41:00,110 --> 00:41:03,330
in the Officer's Training Facility
753
00:41:03,330 --> 00:41:06,403
to become a Second Lieutenant
in the Marine Corps.
754
00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:11,300
When Harry and his friend
Mike graduated from the ROTC
755
00:41:11,300 --> 00:41:14,993
program at UCLA, they were
then sent to Quantico.
756
00:41:16,697 --> 00:41:19,100
They were absolutely shocked
757
00:41:20,733 --> 00:41:23,530
by the outrageous racism,
758
00:41:23,530 --> 00:41:24,673
bigotry,
759
00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:29,290
anti-Semitism that would permeate
760
00:41:29,290 --> 00:41:33,013
every aspect of their military life there.
761
00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:36,850
Right after they had taken an exam,
762
00:41:36,850 --> 00:41:40,590
they were called into
the office of an officer
763
00:41:40,590 --> 00:41:45,590
who they considered not very
friendly towards Jews and told
764
00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:49,840
that they had been found
to have cheated on the exam
765
00:41:49,840 --> 00:41:52,707
and of course they denied it
and then the officer said,
766
00:41:52,707 --> 00:41:54,720
"Well then now that you've denied it,
767
00:41:54,720 --> 00:41:57,007
you're not only a cheat but you're liars."
768
00:41:58,010 --> 00:42:01,500
Just before graduation,
they were called in
769
00:42:01,500 --> 00:42:05,463
and told they were going to
be dishonorably discharged.
770
00:42:07,660 --> 00:42:11,953
That was probably the greatest
pain that Harry's ever known.
771
00:42:13,970 --> 00:42:17,480
The day that they received
their dishonorable discharges,
772
00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:20,330
Harry decided that he would enlist
773
00:42:20,330 --> 00:42:24,373
the very next day in the
Marine Corps as a Private.
774
00:42:25,400 --> 00:42:27,373
He was going into that War.
775
00:42:30,830 --> 00:42:33,380
And then a strange thing happened.
776
00:42:33,380 --> 00:42:35,700
Evidently there were enough people
777
00:42:35,700 --> 00:42:39,790
in high places who said
this is terrible travesty,
778
00:42:39,790 --> 00:42:42,350
what was done to these two boys.
779
00:42:42,350 --> 00:42:43,640
Harry was told
780
00:42:45,290 --> 00:42:48,050
that he would get back his commission
781
00:42:48,050 --> 00:42:50,320
and it would be a field commission.
782
00:42:50,320 --> 00:42:52,330
But what happened was he was severely
783
00:42:52,330 --> 00:42:55,653
wounded with these badly mangled legs.
784
00:42:56,640 --> 00:42:59,603
The doctor came to see
him and he said, "Son,
785
00:43:00,490 --> 00:43:03,920
one of the requirements is
you're going to have to walk.
786
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:05,357
You're gonna have to walk."
787
00:43:07,700 --> 00:43:08,690
And so
788
00:43:11,240 --> 00:43:12,180
Harry got up
789
00:43:14,120 --> 00:43:15,433
and he walked.
790
00:43:18,490 --> 00:43:21,750
He walked about 10 steps
791
00:43:21,750 --> 00:43:25,910
and the doctor had a
wheelchair waiting for him and
792
00:43:28,450 --> 00:43:30,200
he got his commission back
793
00:43:31,330 --> 00:43:36,330
and so, this wound that Harry suffered
794
00:43:36,670 --> 00:43:39,440
was rectified and yet it wasn't.
795
00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:41,610
He never wanted to talk about this.
796
00:43:41,610 --> 00:43:44,860
He didn't tell our children
for years and years
797
00:43:44,860 --> 00:43:48,563
because he felt it was a
stain on his character.
798
00:43:50,670 --> 00:43:53,330
One of the things that Harry learned
799
00:43:53,330 --> 00:43:58,330
from this experience was that
a little person like Harry
800
00:43:58,540 --> 00:44:02,680
who was barely out of his
teens when this event happened,
801
00:44:02,680 --> 00:44:07,530
a little person who had no
power and had no network,
802
00:44:07,530 --> 00:44:11,170
no resource, no person who could help him
803
00:44:11,170 --> 00:44:16,170
was totally at the mercy
of whatever powers might be
804
00:44:17,220 --> 00:44:20,440
and so I think Harry learned
805
00:44:20,440 --> 00:44:25,030
that one of the things he
needed to do was to get power,
806
00:44:25,030 --> 00:44:29,083
to have some voice and
then to start networking.
807
00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:33,673
I'll never forget his last words.
808
00:44:35,467 --> 00:44:38,370
"I'm so sorry.
809
00:44:38,370 --> 00:44:43,370
I regret so much that I can
no longer help anybody."
810
00:44:52,620 --> 00:44:53,920
- I'm gonna bring it home.
811
00:44:57,330 --> 00:45:00,410
When I was eight years
old, my grandfather gave me
812
00:45:00,410 --> 00:45:05,410
a stone with the inscription
"Never, never, ever quit."
813
00:45:06,850 --> 00:45:11,499
Being eight, I didn't have
anything yet to quit from.
814
00:45:11,499 --> 00:45:14,110
(audience laughs)
815
00:45:14,110 --> 00:45:17,457
When I was 10 years old,
he bought me the book
816
00:45:17,457 --> 00:45:20,507
"How to Win Friends and Influence People."
817
00:45:22,070 --> 00:45:24,120
Win friends?
818
00:45:24,120 --> 00:45:26,150
Influence people?
819
00:45:26,150 --> 00:45:29,593
I was just focused on trying
to be like Michael Jordan.
820
00:45:31,770 --> 00:45:36,770
As I got older, my grandpa
continued to buy me books.
821
00:45:37,090 --> 00:45:39,340
Autobiographies of Abraham Lincoln,
822
00:45:39,340 --> 00:45:41,890
speeches of Winston Churchill
823
00:45:41,890 --> 00:45:45,580
and of course, Strunk's
"Elements of Style."
824
00:45:45,580 --> 00:45:48,840
One summer, we went through
this book cover to cover.
825
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,170
He would call me each Sunday
826
00:45:51,170 --> 00:45:54,617
and say without any introduction,
827
00:45:54,617 --> 00:45:56,990
"Turn to page 57."
828
00:45:56,990 --> 00:46:00,310
(audience laughs)
829
00:46:00,310 --> 00:46:03,540
During one weekend session
that I will never forget
830
00:46:03,540 --> 00:46:07,170
because it was a particularly
beautiful summer day,
831
00:46:07,170 --> 00:46:09,903
I asked him if we could
skip that day's session.
832
00:46:10,800 --> 00:46:14,290
Grandpa, I said, "It's a beautiful day.
833
00:46:14,290 --> 00:46:18,290
I want to go outside and have
fun with the other kids."
834
00:46:18,290 --> 00:46:20,963
He said "Brad, let me tell you something.
835
00:46:23,030 --> 00:46:25,349
Fun is bullshit."
836
00:46:25,349 --> 00:46:28,850
(audience laughs)
837
00:46:28,850 --> 00:46:32,370
And I'll never forget
that but it was ironic
838
00:46:32,370 --> 00:46:36,110
coming from someone who
loved to make people laugh
839
00:46:36,110 --> 00:46:39,243
and even at 12 years old, I
knew what he really meant.
840
00:46:40,250 --> 00:46:43,080
Don't waste time, work every day
841
00:46:43,080 --> 00:46:47,560
towards bettering yourself
and strive to be better.
842
00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:49,620
In his later years, I went with him
843
00:46:49,620 --> 00:46:53,160
to many dinners and charity
events and at those events,
844
00:46:53,160 --> 00:46:56,240
he would be seated at a
table and a stranger would
845
00:46:56,240 --> 00:47:00,550
inevitably approach him
and introduce themselves.
846
00:47:00,550 --> 00:47:02,633
He would slowly extend his hand.
847
00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:06,970
They would shake and suddenly the stranger
848
00:47:06,970 --> 00:47:10,843
was confronted with a Kung Fu
grip they could not escape.
849
00:47:12,840 --> 00:47:17,620
The crippling grip continued
as pleasantries were exchanged
850
00:47:17,620 --> 00:47:20,813
while the stranger pretended
everything was normal.
851
00:47:23,300 --> 00:47:26,040
The handshake would continue an unusually
852
00:47:26,040 --> 00:47:28,880
long period of time where this stranger
853
00:47:28,880 --> 00:47:32,070
would finally begin to smile or laugh,
854
00:47:32,070 --> 00:47:36,110
I'm sure thinking this crazy old judge
855
00:47:36,110 --> 00:47:39,863
is squeezing the crap out
of my hand and won't let go.
856
00:47:41,400 --> 00:47:44,400
Eventually grandpa would release his grip
857
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:49,400
and a conversation or rather
a history lesson would ensue.
858
00:47:49,517 --> 00:47:54,040
"Where do you live? Near
downtown, near Pershing Square?
859
00:47:54,040 --> 00:47:56,746
Do you know about General Pershing?"
860
00:47:56,746 --> 00:47:58,080
(audience laughs)
861
00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:01,120
Soon contact information was requested
862
00:48:01,120 --> 00:48:05,900
and then exchanged and then
the stranger unknowingly
863
00:48:05,900 --> 00:48:09,870
had enlisted as a member
of grandpa's army.
864
00:48:09,870 --> 00:48:13,840
The truth is that all the
good deeds he was able
865
00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:18,800
to accomplish were not the
result of his efforts alone.
866
00:48:18,800 --> 00:48:22,320
No, there was an army of people who stood
867
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:26,380
and fought with him
who began as strangers,
868
00:48:26,380 --> 00:48:29,490
who were brought in with a Kung Fu grip
869
00:48:29,490 --> 00:48:31,983
and soon became lifelong friends.
870
00:48:32,940 --> 00:48:37,210
But grandpa wasn't afraid
to take bold action,
871
00:48:37,210 --> 00:48:41,120
inspiring others to join him and they did
872
00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:44,850
because they knew he was
fighting the good fight.
873
00:48:44,850 --> 00:48:49,850
He was a good man and he
would never, never, ever quit.
874
00:48:51,100 --> 00:48:52,315
Thank you.
875
00:48:52,315 --> 00:48:55,315
(audience applauds)
876
00:48:57,376 --> 00:49:00,626
(somber trumpet music)
877
00:49:14,307 --> 00:49:18,690
- [Narrator] In his last days,
Harry knew his work was done.
878
00:49:18,690 --> 00:49:21,693
That it was time for others
to carry on his legacy.
879
00:49:23,110 --> 00:49:27,703
His message was we have to
make this world a better place.
880
00:49:28,610 --> 00:49:31,763
We have to leave it in better
shape than when we entered it.
881
00:49:33,277 --> 00:49:37,243
"God puts us here to take care
of each other," he once said.
882
00:49:38,367 --> 00:49:39,763
And I really believe that.
883
00:50:00,056 --> 00:50:03,292
(soft piano music)
884
00:50:03,292 --> 00:50:06,459
(audience applauding)
885
00:50:12,190 --> 00:50:14,193
- I grew up in East LA.
886
00:50:15,211 --> 00:50:16,633
It was a wonderful place.
887
00:50:18,090 --> 00:50:19,383
In my high school,
888
00:50:20,830 --> 00:50:24,140
the students' parents came from
889
00:50:25,070 --> 00:50:26,880
over 50 countries
890
00:50:28,300 --> 00:50:29,403
around the world.
891
00:50:32,401 --> 00:50:34,700
You know, we all got along.
892
00:50:34,700 --> 00:50:36,920
We were like brothers and sisters.
893
00:50:36,920 --> 00:50:40,970
People worked together,
they respected each other.
894
00:50:40,970 --> 00:50:45,210
I've looked at people
that way, that they're all
895
00:50:46,680 --> 00:50:47,713
important.
896
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:53,920
That they all have so
much goodness within them.
897
00:50:54,570 --> 00:50:58,033
It's been a great journey
for me, it's not finished.
898
00:51:01,044 --> 00:51:04,044
(audience applauds)
899
00:51:09,997 --> 00:51:12,387
I guess that means I should sit down.
900
00:51:12,387 --> 00:51:13,620
(audience laughs)
901
00:51:13,620 --> 00:51:16,370
But I just want to say this.
902
00:51:16,370 --> 00:51:17,463
As a country,
903
00:51:19,690 --> 00:51:21,793
we have a great future.
904
00:51:23,490 --> 00:51:27,063
We have great strength,
we have great resources.
905
00:51:29,146 --> 00:51:30,596
But we need to come together.
906
00:51:31,670 --> 00:51:35,920
We need to embrace each
other as brothers and sisters
907
00:51:37,650 --> 00:51:38,590
and we need
908
00:51:40,780 --> 00:51:44,690
to devote so much of our resources
909
00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:50,560
to educating our children and
the parents of our children.
910
00:51:51,060 --> 00:51:56,060
Every child that is here
today, every child born here
911
00:51:56,730 --> 00:51:59,200
and every child who is brought here
912
00:52:00,440 --> 00:52:02,430
is a precious asset
913
00:52:05,440 --> 00:52:10,440
and the wealth of our country
is in the minds of our people.
914
00:52:10,780 --> 00:52:13,573
The other thing I want to say, and I'll
915
00:52:15,080 --> 00:52:19,520
probably get half the people
in this room mad at me but
916
00:52:22,340 --> 00:52:25,030
I feel very good about the future
917
00:52:25,030 --> 00:52:27,983
of our country, and you know why?
918
00:52:29,260 --> 00:52:32,574
Because the women are
gonna take over and run it.
919
00:52:32,574 --> 00:52:35,128
(audience applauds)
920
00:52:35,128 --> 00:52:36,295
- Good ending.
921
00:52:41,855 --> 00:52:45,188
(relaxed trumpet music)
70636
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