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NARRATOR: Walt Disney's...

(SPEAKING)

MAN: (SINGING) When you wish upon a star

Makes no difference who you are

NARRATOR: Each week,
as you enter this timeless land,

one of these many worlds will open to you.

Frontierland.

Tall tales and true
from the legendary past.

Tomorrowland.

Promise of things to come.

Adventureland.

The wonderworld of nature's own realm.

Fantasyland.

The happiest kingdom of them all.

Presenting this week...

NARRATOR: Here, to introduce you to
this new series is Walt Disney.

In our modern world, everywhere we look,

we see the influence science has
upon our daily lives.

Discoveries that were miracles
a few short years ago,

are accepted as commonplace today.

Many of the things
that seem impossible now,

will become realities tomorrow.

One of man's oldest dreams
has been the desire for space travel.

To travel to other worlds.

Until recently,
this seemed to be an impossibility.

But great new discoveries have brought us
to the threshold of a new frontier.

The frontier of interplanetary space.

In this Tomorrowland series,
we are combining the tools of our trade

with the knowledge of the scientist to
give a factual picture of the latest plans

for man's newest adventure.

Here's director Ward Kimball
to tell you about it.

In working with engineers and scientists,

we have found that there are
many different opinions

as to how we will eventually
cross the space frontier.

However, there's one point
all of them seem to agree upon.

And that is whether we use
chemical fuels or atomic energy,

it will be a rocket-powered ship

that will finally take man into space.

So, to set the stage for the part

the rocket will play
in the coming conquest of space,

our artists have searched back
through history

and traced the rocket
and various space-travel ideas

from their earliest beginnings.

The first thing we found out

was that the rocket is not such
a modern invention after all.

In fact, its history began
way back in the 13th century.

It was in China, to be exact,
at the battle of Kai-fung-fu.

(EXPLOSION)

A little over 500 years later,

Sir Isaac Newton explained
this phenomenon by saying,

"For every action force, there is always
an equal but opposite reaction force."

Sir Isaac's statement
can best be illustrated

by showing what happens
to our pet dog when he sneezes.

-(SNEEZES)
-For every action,

there is an opposite but equal reaction.

This same principle applies
when we light an ordinary skyrocket.

Action, reaction...

However, gunpowder
is not the only propellant

that demonstrates the action-reaction law.

There was a time when steam
was seriously considered

as a means of rocket propulsion.

Typifying this idea,

was Charles Golightly's
aerial steam horse.

(STEAM WHISTLING)

Early inventors soon realized

that steam rockets
would be too heavy to fly,

so, they returned to designs
utilizing gunpowder.

These ideas made many successful flights.

On paper.

In 1865, Jules Verne fired
the imagination of the world

with his first book on space travel.

It was called
"From the Earth to the Moon".

Mr. Verne used a very interesting device
in getting his heroes to the Moon.

(EXPLOSION)

He shot them through space
inside an enormous artillery projectile.

It was Verne's story
that inspired Georges Méliès to create

the first space-travel
motion picture in 1902.

(MOVIE PROJECTOR WHIRRING)

(WHIMSICAL MUSIC PLAYING)

(INAUDIBLE)

(FIRING)

The first man to associate space travel

with the use of rocket power
was Hermann Ganswindt.

His idea was to have the rocket
pull the ship, instead of push it.

This conception was quite unique,
but only an inventor's dream.

However, a few decades later,

a real milestone
in rocket history was passed

when the American professor
Robert H. Goddard

introduced a liquid-fuel rocket,

which used gasoline and liquid oxygen
instead of gunpowder.

This small forerunner of our large,
present-day rockets

actually rose 60 feet
into a wintry New England sky.

These experiments led to the founding
of the American Rocket Society

to advance the science
of rocket propulsion.

At the same time,
the German professor Hermann Oberth wrote,

"Theoretically, there is no limit
to the size of a rocket

"which uses liquid fuel."

In 1929,
Oberth designed a giant rocket ship

for the Fritz Lang movie Frau im Mond.

(ROCKET ENGINE ROARING)

The Girl in the Moon.

During the late 1920s and early '30s,

we saw an era of feverish activity
among the rocket experimenters.

Almost every type of vehicle
was adapted to rocket power.

Here is the first successful flight
of a rocket-powered airplane.

(CHUCKLING) Rocket-powered autos
were fast,

but presented quite a smoke problem.

There were railroad rockets
and nautical rockets.

Some fired, and some backfired.

These early attempts met with
varying degrees of success.

(EXPLOSION)

Meanwhile, in Germany,
a group of serious-minded engineers

founded a new society for space travel,

and succeeded in building rockets

which finally reached
an altitude of 1/2 mile.

Soon after this, the German army
established its own rocket program.

The development of the first
rocket missiles followed.

This accelerated rocket program
culminated in the creation

of the forerunner of spaceships to come,
the V-2.

(ENGINE ROARING)

(EXPLOSION)

Even though there were a few mishaps,

the V-2 emerged at the end
of the Second World War

as the most successful rocket
yet devised by man.

Seventy-five of these captured V-2s were
brought to our rocket proving ground

at White Sands, New Mexico, in 1945.

Here, exhaustive studies
and test firings were made

to aid us in mapping our own
newly-created rocket program.

It wasn't long before the sands
of New Mexico shook

to the roaring blast of the Viking,

the Corporal, the Aerobee,
and other American rockets.

A rocket firing is an awesome
demonstration of tremendous power.

I think we should find out how it works.

One of the best authorities
on this subject

is the rocket historian Willy Ley.

Here, Mr. Ley explains
the operation of a rocket motor

to some of the artists
working on the picture.

This is an actual
propulsion unit from a V-2.

And this strange-looking device

is both the heart and muscle of a rocket,
its motor.

Now, all earthbound engines

have to burn oxygen
from the surrounding atmosphere.

But the high-altitude rocket motor

has to work in outer space,
where there is no oxygen.

To overcome this,
we carry a tank of liquid oxygen here.

When burned with a fuel,
in this case, alcohol,

it produces an intensely hot,
torch-like flame

that would quickly melt the motor.

However, we cool the motor

by first circulating
the alcohol fuel around it,

until this fuel finally reaches
the point where it is sprayed,

along with the oxygen,
into the combustion chamber.

When this steady flow of alcohol
and oxygen is ignited,

it produces a continuous explosion,

which blasts the rocket away
in the opposite direction.

Here again, we have action and reaction.

If this motor is placed
in a streamlined hull

with suitable controls,

it can reach a high altitude
in a very short time.

The V-2 rocket motor
only operates 65 seconds

to a height of 20 miles.

By then the V-2
has gathered so much speed,

that it will coast upward
to an altitude of 114 miles

before gravity begins
to pull it back to Earth.

Notice that the rocket does not nose over
in the thin upper air.

But it falls tail first,

until it re-enters the denser atmosphere,

where the air, acting on the tail fins,

turns the rocket nose down.

Early in 1949, space history was made

when the payload in the nose of a V-2

was a small rocket
called the WAC Corporal.

When the launched V-2
reached its maximum speed,

the smaller rocket was ignited.

This additional boost in speed
enabled the WAC Corporal

to set a new high-altitude
record of 250 miles.

This day marked the first time

that a man-made object
reached outer space.

This was accomplished by using
a double rocket,

then secretly known as "Project Bumper".

However, we refer to it as a two-step,
or two-stage rocket.

Uh, is it possible to build
a three-stage rocket?

Yes, as a matter of fact,
that's the next logical step.

Here's a rocket I have designed
that has three stages.

It would stand about 70 feet high,

or a little taller than the old V-2.

Here, you can see the three sections,

each one having its own rocket motor.

If somebody would please
make a sketch for me,

perhaps, I can explain how it will work.

Good.

Here, we show our rocket
in its launching position.

The first great blast starts to lift it.

And after gaining initial speed,

the first section is cast off
at 20 miles up.

At 45 miles, the second stage is released.

The third stage now fires,

until it reaches an altitude of 70 miles.

At this point, our rocket has
now attained a tremendous speed,

and the motor shuts off.

Its forward momentum would carry
it straight out into space

if it were not for the Earth's gravity.

This downward pull of gravity

bends the upward course of
the rocket into a curved path.

And if the rocket's speed
going away from the Earth

creates enough centrifugal force
to balance this pull of gravity,

our rocket will continue coasting

in its curved path
around the Earth indefinitely.

Mr. Ley, is there another way
we can illustrate this?

Yes, let's explain it this way.

If the rocket were to move
at a slower speed,

the pull of gravity would soon
overcome the rocket's momentum,

and it would return to Earth here.

If we add a little more speed,

the path of the rocket becomes longer.

And it goes farther
before it returns to Earth here.

So, if we have our rocket go fast enough,

it will eventually follow a curve

which matches the curvature of the Earth

and will not fall back.

We might say that the rocket
falls around the Earth

as long as it maintains sufficient speed.

But how does it maintain this speed
with the motor shut off?

Remember, our rocket is
traveling above the atmosphere

in space, where there is no
air friction to slow it down.

How fast does it have to go
to stay up there?

Now, that depends on how high
we want the rocket to be

as it circles the Earth.

Let's use the altitude of 1,075 miles.

Because at this height,

the rocket will have to go
nearly 16,000 miles per hour

and will make a complete trip
around the world every two hours.

A few adjustments
in its course will be necessary.

But this can be accomplished
from the ground by remote control,

after which the rocket will continue
to coast freely in space forever.

In other words, the rocket will
stay up there just like the Moon.

Yes. It will circle the globe
as a man-made satellite.

What is the purpose of having
the satellite up there?

Having this instrument-carrying
rocket moving around the Earth,

will give us a lot
of important information,

which we'll need before we dare let a man

make his first trip into space.

To run the scientific apparatus
contained in the satellite,

a mirror will focus
the intense rays of the Sun

onto a silicon battery,

converting solar energy into electricity.

There will be a television camera
to give pictures of the Earth

as it appears from 1,075 miles up.

We will collect very important data

on the effects
of the mysterious cosmic rays.

Even hits by meteorites
the size of a grain of sand

will be recorded.

Every two hours, when the rocket
moves over the North Pole...

(BEEPING)

...its radio will transmit
a stream of data

to a receiving station below.

This will be the first outpost
in man's conquest of space.

One of the big question marks
of future space travel

will be man himself.

How he will react mentally and physically
to this unearthly experience,

is a concern of a new field of science
called "space medicine".

Helping us illustrate
this interesting problem

is a scientist most noted
for his pioneering work in space medicine,

Dr. Heinz Haber.

When man steps into his rocket ship
and leaves the Earth behind,

he must be well-equipped to survive
in the hostile realm of outer space.

To portray the complex problems
of space medicine,

we have designed a sort of common man.

A man just like you and me.

We will find out what will happen to him
on a trip into space.

In a way,
he's going to be our space guinea pig.

That makes him
a brand-new biological species.

I think we should call him
Homo sapiens extraterrestrialis,

or "spaceman".

Since he was picked at random,

we cannot tell whether
he will be able to tolerate

the tremendous stresses
to be placed upon him

when the rocket ship is fired into space.

He gets an inkling of these stresses
when he rides in an automobile.

When he steps on the accelerator,
the car moves forward

and he is gently pressed
against the back of the seat.

His body resists any change of motion.

When he comes to a stop,
his body tends to move forward.

On a test-rocket sled,

which is pushed forward
at tremendous accelerations,

the force of inertia is much stronger.

(ENGINE ACCELERATING)

We are all familiar
with centrifugal force.

We duplicate this force in the laboratory
by using human centrifuges.

These machines artificially create on man,

the crushing pressure
he will have to endure

in a rocket takeoff from Earth.

(ENGINE REVVING)

His body weight increases
until he blacks out,

and finally loses consciousness.

From tests like these, we have learned

that man will have to assume
a reclining position

when his rocket takes off into space.

In this attitude, the stresses will be
more evenly distributed along his body.

He will then be able to tolerate pressures
of up to nine times his weight or more

as it occurs in a rising rocket.

When the rocket engine finally stops,

man will face his next big problem,
weightlessness.

Without support,
he will be floating freely,

drifting, tumbling,
and twisting helplessly.

In space, a man, a feather,
a bubble, or a piece of iron,

will have the same weight.

Or, rather, no weight at all.

However, man is designed to
live with gravity,

the down-pulling force
which Sir Isaac Newton first explained.

Any two bodies attract each other
with a force which is proportional

to the product of their masses
and inversely proportional

to the square of the distance
between them.

Or what goes up must come down.

HABER: Loud alarm signals sound
throughout the nervous system

whenever we are in danger
of falling or stumbling.

(DINGING)

But weightlessness is not
such an unearthly experience.

We become weightless
for a short while in a dive...

-(DINGING)
-(WATER SPLASHING)

On a roller coaster...

(DINGING)

-Or in an elevator.
-(DINGING)

But if we remove the support
by cutting the cable...

(BELL DINGING)

...we produce the exact feeling
of weightlessness in space.

It will take iron nerves

waiting for the impact that never comes.

We can only hope that man in space

will eventually get used to this feeling
of falling constantly.

Without weight, our notions
of up and down no longer exist.

Man will probably have trouble
orienting himself.

Confusion such as this
is likely to produce nausea.

Some people may become victims
of a serious form of space sickness.

Weightless man in space must learn
to guide himself only with his eyes.

Beginners can combat dizziness

by fixing their eyes
upon one single object.

The spaceman must learn to move
with utmost caution.

His muscles are adjusted to normal,
earthbound gravity.

In space, any casual action
will be violently magnified.

He must coordinate himself
under an entirely new set of rules.

He can hardly avoid spinning constantly.

When he crouches into a compact mass,
he will spin faster.

If he spreads his arms and legs,
the spinning will slow down.

After considerable practice,

man will be able to master the art

of swimming through the air
within the rocket ship.

(CRASHING)

For the beginner,
a web of ropes might be provided.

He must learn that slow,
relaxed, careful movements

are essential.

After his first few encounters
with the problems of weightlessness,

he will no doubt try to
normalize his life.

(INHALES DEEPLY)

(COUGHING)

Even the air he breathes
will be weightless.

Natural circulation of air does not exist,

and there is danger of suffocating
in one's own exhalations.

Air must never be allowed to
become stagnant in a spaceship.

Circulation must be maintained
by constant ventilation.

Since all objects are also without weight

in a coasting rocket ship,

they must be safely secured
by bolts and clamps.

For handling large, bulky objects,

man will have to anchor himself
in some fashion.

But as it takes force
to overcome the object's inertia

and set it in motion,

it takes equally as much force
to stop it once it is moving.

(BONES CRACKING)

On Earth,
we are not exposed to dangers from space,

owing to the protective layer
of our atmosphere.

But up there, even the hull
of the ship would not shield man

against the possible hazards
of the mysterious cosmic rays.

These tiny bullets
from the infinity of space

will continually penetrate everything.

They may prove to be harmful to man.

The most energetic of these atomic rays

might feel like stings
as they shoot through the body.

However, there are other bullets in space

that may be of still greater concern.

(LOUD THUD)

Meteorites.

These marauders of space travel at speeds

up to 150,000 miles per hour.

But if one should puncture
the walls of the ship,

our air supply would rapidly
escape through the opening

into the vacuum of outer space.

Without protection,
man could last not more than 15 seconds

before losing consciousness.

Also, in the intense radiation of the Sun,

he would soon broil on the one side

and freeze on the other.

In the void of space,
he will have to wear a space suit.

This specially designed outfit
must be a flexible, airtight unit

carrying sufficient oxygen.

Featuring built-in, all-purpose equipment,

it will afford protection
and maneuverability

outside the ship.

Propulsion will be by means
of a small portable rocket unit.

With proper manipulation
of this jet device,

even the most subtle movements
can be made.

Action. Reaction.

HABER: Dining under conditions
of weightlessness

will present new and surprising problems.

Liquids will be particularly annoying.

They will not pour.

They must be transferred
by titration tubes.

This tube will contain the liquid

until it is forced into
the desired location.

Unless liquids are kept
in leak-proof containers,

they will escape and float in ball shapes
around the cabin,

finally coating all surfaces
with a wet film.

Plastic bottles will be used,

so that liquids can be squeezed out.

(SLURPING)

Food will be cooked in closed containers

by radio frequency shortwave.

Space etiquette will call for the
extensive use of sugar tongs.

Man can overindulge in space,
but he will never be overweight.

To relieve the inevitable
tensions of space travel,

we must provide suitable recreation.

A game of three-dimensional pool
could be particularly relaxing.

Sleeping will be
a new and unique experience.

A space traveler will not need
a pillow or mattress.

His bed will consist of a net enclosure

to prevent drifting in his sleep.

How will man's subconscious mind

react to his first experiences
with space travel?

Will he not suddenly be aware
of his precarious situation,

trapped in a tiny metal box,

floating through
the incomprehensible nothingness of space?

We do not know.

(INTENSE INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)

(SIREN BLARING)

We must plan intelligently

if these pioneers of space are to survive

and return to Earth safely.

The conquest of space
will depend to a great degree

on the research and findings

of this important new field of science,
space medicine.

KIMBALL: To the engineer,
space flight poses two problems.

The first is, of course,
to build a rocket ship.

The second, and no less important,

is to prepare and train the men
who are to fly the future rocket ships,

and to provide suitable working conditions

that will enable them to survive in space.

To help show you what is being
done to solve these problems,

we have called upon one of
the foremost exponents of space travel,

Dr. Wernher von Braun,

who is at present the Chief
of the Guided Missile Division

of the Army's rocket center
at Redstone Arsenal.

He was also overall director
of the development

of the original V-2 rocket.

The training methods
for future space flight

and the special equipment
needed for survival

are much like those of present
high-altitude flying.

And the experiments we are making today,

are helping us to solve the more
complex problems to come.

Take the present-day pressurized
flying suit, for example.

It has been designed for use
at extremely high altitudes

and is a forerunner
of the suits we will wear

when we make that trip to the Moon.

To give you an idea of how engineers
and medical men are working hand-in-hand,

here are a few examples of the research
that's being conducted at this time.

This pressure suit is being worn
in the test chamber,

where the air pressure
can be dropped suddenly.

-(POPS)
-(AIR BLOWING)

(WATER BOILING)

Notice that the water boils
at this low pressure,

even though it is only
at normal body temperature.

Blood would do the same
without the protection of the suit.

In other tests without the suit,

where the drop in air pressure
is less severe...

(AIR HISSING)

...we see that the body
still reacts violently

to a sudden decrease in pressure.

Lieutenant Colonel John P. Stapp
of the United States Air Force

has subjected himself
to the tremendous forces of a rocket sled

that reaches a speed
of over 632 miles per hour.

The sled stops so quickly
that Colonel Stapp's body

becomes 35 times heavier than normal.

From these tests, we have learned

that man can take
much greater acceleration forces

than crew members of a rocket ship
will undergo on a takeoff.

Today's aircraft are so fast
and so complicated,

that it has already become routine
to train the crews on the ground

without risking lives or equipment.

This is done with a device
called a flight simulator.

Here, the crews experience
all the sensations

of an extended flight.

The crews of future rocket ships
will train much the same way.

We will use a simulator on a centrifuge

and employ an astrosphere to
train the celestial navigators

for our coming space flights.

Now, here's a model of my design
for a four-stage orbital rocket ship.

Compared to the unmanned
instrument rocket, it is quite large.

But the overall size and weight
of the rocket

is mainly determined by the 11-tons weight

of this top section.

This weight dictates the amount of fuel

and the numbers of motors
needed to produce enough power

to equalize
the gravitational pull of the Earth.

The payload in the top section

will consist of ten crew members
plus equipment.

Notice the wings, small rocket motor,

and landing gears.

This is the section that must ultimately
return the men to the Earth safely.

To produce the energy needed to haul
this stage into the orbit,

we need these three additional
rocket-powered sections.

Here we have a cutaway drawing
of our rocket,

showing the location of the fuel

and the motors of each section.

The first stage carries
1,060 tons of fuel.

And its 29 motors will lift

the entire weight of the ship
vertically off the ground.

The second stage has eight motors

and carries 155 tons of fuel.

It will be dropped when its speed

has reached 14,300 miles per hour.

The next is our third stage,

with only one rocket motor
and 13 tons of fuel.

The third stage
gives the passenger section

the final kick to attain the orbit.

It will not be separated
from the passenger section

until just before the return flight.

The third stage will be left in space,

and a very small motor
in the winged fourth stage

will return the ship to the atmosphere,

so it can glide back to the base.

If we were to start today,

on an organized
and well-supported space program,

I believe a practical passenger rocket

could be built and tested
within ten years.

Of course,
it would be foolish to rush headlong

into building a four-stage rocket,

man it with a crew,
and attempt to fire it into an orbit

without first following a step-by-step
research-and-development program.

Let's illustrate this
with the help of a few pictures.

First, we would design
and build the fourth stage

and then tow it into the air
to test it as a glider.

This would also allow
the crews to practice.

Next, low-altitude flights would be made,

firing the small rocket motor
in the fourth stage.

This would also give the crew
more and more training.

Following that,
the third and second stages

would be constructed and tested
very thoroughly on the ground,

after which they would be joined
to the passenger section,

so that faster and longer flights
could be made

up to speeds
of about 12,000 miles per hour.

The only thing remaining
would be the building

and ground testing
of the huge first stage.

Then there would be no more test flights.

When all the sections are joined together,

the ship and its crew will be ready
for man's first flight in space.

Let's look ahead a few years
and see how this might be accomplished.

NARRATOR: There it is.

A small atoll of coral islands
in the Pacific,

where man is dedicated to just one cause,

the conquest of space.

Here, below us,
a small city has been created

to house the scientists,
engineers, and technicians

on whose shoulders rest
the tremendous responsibility

for this great adventure.

This is the rocket-assembly building

with tracks running to the launching site.

(BELL RINGING)

Only 48 hours remain until firing time.

Our spaceship moves ponderously
toward the firing site.

After the ship is securely
anchored over the blast tunnel,

the elevator spar is raised into place
for the final preflight check and fueling.

This is the blockhouse,

the control center
for Operation Space Flight.

-(MACHINES WHIRRING, BEEPING)
-(INDISTINCT CONVERSATIONS)

Here the oscilloscopes, radarscopes,
computers, and tracking devices,

are the brain and nervous system
for the rocket.

Dancing patterns of light
will record every detail

of the blast-off and climb into space.

(BEEPING)

In the windowless blockhouse,
observation is by periscope.

Through a system
of worldwide radar stations,

electronic eyes will always be
focused on the rocket,

as it orbits around the globe
every two hours.

The tracking radars report ready
and are standing by.

The optical tracking stations are poised

and ready to follow the rocket
in its upward flight.

As zero hour approaches,

the painstaking work
of the checkout crew continues.

The ship and every piece of its equipment

is being checked and rechecked.

MAN ON RADIO: Blockhouse,
can you hear me?

Will you give me that stage two
separation signal again?

Okay, now. Over.

Now, swivel order stage three
to pitch right.

Okay, now, give me the left.

MAN ON PA: Attention, all personnel.

It is now "X" minus two hours.

Fueling crew, take your stations.

Safety area will be cleared
by all personnel.

NARRATOR: In the pits,
the required quantity of fuel is preset.

The pumps will deliver
1,230 tons of hydrazine

and red fuming nitric acid
into the tanks of the waiting rocket.

(ALARM BLARING)

It is now "X" minus 20 minutes.

MAN ON PA: Flight crew,
report aboard rocket.

Flight crew, report aboard rocket.

NARRATOR: After years
of careful preparation,

testing men and materials,
this is the final payoff.

Now, man will bet his life

against the unknown dangers
of space travel.

Human reactions are not precise enough.

Therefore, once
the launching timer is started,

the entire takeoff
and flight into outer space

will be controlled automatically.

-(ALARM BLARING)
-MAN ON PA: "X" minus five minutes.

Clear the firing area.

Clear the firing area.

MAN ON RADIO: "X" minus 90 seconds.

"X" minus 30 seconds.

"X" minus 20 seconds.

"X" minus 15 seconds.

"X" minus ten, nine, eight,

seven, six, five, four,

three, two, one.

(ROCKET ENGINE ROARING)

NARRATOR: The total firing time
has been five minutes.

The ship will now coast for 51 minutes

before the adaptation maneuver begins.

At over 60 miles above the Earth,

the crew members experience
the sensation of weightlessness

for the first time.

(DEVICE BEEPING)

MAN ON RADIO: Blockhouse to XR-1.

Your cutoff altitude is 63.9 miles.

Distance from launching pad is 705 miles.

Velocity, 18,467 miles per hour.

Angle of elevation, four minutes of arc.

Point of your ellipse of ascent incline,

66 degrees, 32 minutes, two seconds...

Out.

NARRATOR: Fifty-one minutes later
and halfway around the world,

the rocket has coasted
to its maximum altitude of 1,075 miles.

Its speed has diminished
to 14,770 miles per hour.

The navigator must now take a bearing
on two fixed stars.

He will line up the ship
for the adaptation maneuver,

which will drive it into a circular orbit
around the Earth.

Electronic controls
will fire the rocket motor

at the exact second the ship
reaches the proper position.

(ROCKET ENGINE ROARING)

The ship and crew are now coasting
freely and silently through space.

Here, man is no longer earthbound.

From his new vantage point
of over 1,000 miles high,

he sees the Earth as a vast rolling sphere

upon which the oceans and continents

are reduced to simple patterns
of light and dark.

Great cloud formations
will appear as small patches of snow.

Evidence of man's existence
is almost invisible.

Large cities can be seen

only with the aid
of powerful optical equipment.

Meteorologists will make studies
for long-range weather forecasting.

The science of astrophysics

will welcome the clear views
of our moon and planets,

unhampered by atmospheric disturbances.

Space medicine will benefit
from tests conducted

with new-type space suits.

MAN ON RADIO: Air Force base calling XR-1.

We have you in radar contact

at 107 miles due south of station at 2-9.

Estimation at
Prestwick Station Delta at 3-7.

NARRATOR: Tests and observations
by the crew will lay the groundwork

for the future construction
of a space station

and will add to our knowledge
of many sciences.

(INDISTINCT RADIO CONVERSATIONS)

Instrument rocket approaching
from 3 o'clock high.

NARRATOR: At a pre-calculated time,

the rocket's path will cross
that of the instrument carrier,

sent into space a few years before.

(INDISTINCT RADIO CONVERSATIONS)

Twenty-two hours after takeoff,

our spaceship has made
11 revolutions around the world.

It is now time to make the return trip.

The engineer releases the third stage.
It'll be left circling in space.

All tests are now concluded.

The navigator checks
the ship's position for return firing.

One minute to go.

The automatic firing timer is set.

The ship is lined up,
so the blast of the motor

will be against its forward motion.

This will slow the rocket's speed

and cause it to begin
its long glide back to Earth.

The ship is now moving
1,000 miles per hour slower.

After coasting halfway around the world,

the rocket will leave the vacuum of space

and sweep into the upper layers
of the Earth's atmosphere,

where air friction
will gradually reduce the rocket's speed.

When the ship drops
to an altitude of 50 miles,

air pressure will build up
on the control surfaces.

For the first time in the entire flight,

the captain will be able to fly the rocket
as a normal plane.

Air friction begins to send

the skin temperature
of the rocket climbing

until the ship glows cherry red
at 1,350 degrees.

The double hull and refrigeration
keep the crew from perishing.

The returning rocket continues
the long glide down

into the lower atmosphere,

its temperature gradually
dropping to normal,

as airspeed diminishes.

(WHOOSHES)

(ROARING)

Mission completed!

Man has taken
his first great stride forward

in the conquest of space!

His next goal will be
the exploration of the Moon.

Then the planets,
and the infinite universe beyond.