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1
00:00:14,633 --> 00:00:17,428
Man: "I HAVE JUST THIS MOMENT
HEARD FROM THE FRONT.
2
00:00:17,595 --> 00:00:19,388
"THERE IS NOTHING YET
OF A MOVEMENT,
3
00:00:19,555 --> 00:00:22,224
"BUT EACH SIDE
IS CONTINUALLY ON THE ALERT,
4
00:00:22,391 --> 00:00:24,685
"EXPECTING SOMETHING
TO HAPPEN.
5
00:00:24,852 --> 00:00:27,813
"TO THINK WE ARE
TO HAVE HERE SOON
6
00:00:27,980 --> 00:00:29,773
"WHAT I'VE SEEN
SO MANY TIMES--
7
00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:32,651
"THE AWFUL LOADS
AND TRAINS AND BOATLOADS
8
00:00:32,818 --> 00:00:36,655
"OF BLOODY AND PALE,
AND WOUNDED YOUNG MEN AGAIN.
9
00:00:36,822 --> 00:00:38,365
"FOR THAT IS WHAT
WE CERTAINLY WILL HAVE.
10
00:00:38,532 --> 00:00:41,035
| SEE ALL THE SIGNS HERE."
11
00:00:41,201 --> 00:00:42,578
WALT WHITMAN.
12
00:00:47,166 --> 00:00:52,421
MEN'S BELIEFS, UH, HAD
ASTARTLING SIMPLICITY TO IT.
13
00:00:52,588 --> 00:00:56,383
UH, FOR EXAMPLE, A SOLDIER
IN LINE AT GETTYSBURG
14
00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:59,178
TOLD, "YOU WILL ADVANCE
A MILE ACROSS THAT OPEN VALLEY
15
00:00:59,345 --> 00:01:01,221
AND TAKE THAT HILL."
16
00:01:01,388 --> 00:01:03,349
I, FOR ONE, WOULD SAY,
17
00:01:03,515 --> 00:01:05,893
"GENERAL, |--| DON'T THINK
WE SHOULD DO THIS.
18
00:01:06,060 --> 00:01:07,895
I DON'T BELIEVE
WE CAN GET THERE."
19
00:01:08,062 --> 00:01:11,315
BUT THEY--THEY—-THEY TOOK IT
IN A MATTER OF COURSE.
20
00:01:11,482 --> 00:01:13,317
UM, AND YOU MUST REMEMBER
THEY FOUGHT FOR FOUR YEARS,
21
00:01:13,484 --> 00:01:15,569
WHICH IS A LONG TIME.
22
00:01:15,736 --> 00:01:17,738
AND THIS SIMPLICITY
WAS SEVERELY TESTED,
23
00:01:17,905 --> 00:01:21,909
BUT THEY NEVER LOST IT.
24
00:01:22,076 --> 00:01:26,205
UH, THEY--THEY—-DUTY, UH,
BRAVERY UNDER ADVERSITY—-
25
00:01:26,372 --> 00:01:29,333
VERY SIMPLE VIRTUES,
AND THEY HAD THEM.
26
00:01:54,733 --> 00:01:59,071
Narrator: IN 1864,
AREBELLION IN CHINA THAT
COST 20 MILLION LIVES
27
00:01:59,238 --> 00:02:01,115
FINALLY CAME TO AN END.
28
00:02:02,741 --> 00:02:06,078
IN 1864, THE CZAR'S ARMIES
CONQUERED TURKISTAN
29
00:02:06,245 --> 00:02:09,123
AND TOLSTOY FINISHED
WAR AND PEACE.
30
00:02:11,750 --> 00:02:16,130
IN 1864, LOUIS PASTEUR
PASTEURIZED WINE,
31
00:02:16,296 --> 00:02:17,631
THE GENEVA CONVENTION
32
00:02:17,798 --> 00:02:20,592
ESTABLISHED THE NEUTRALITY
OF BATTLEFIELD HOSPITALS,
33
00:02:20,759 --> 00:02:22,344
AN D KARL MARX
34
00:02:22,511 --> 00:02:25,347
FOUNDED THE INTERNATIONAL
WORKINGMEN'S ASSOCIATION
35
00:02:25,514 --> 00:02:27,057
IN LONDON AND NEW YORK.
36
00:02:29,184 --> 00:02:31,854
NEVADA BECAME A STATE,
37
00:02:32,020 --> 00:02:33,939
AND FOR THE FIRST TIME,
38
00:02:34,106 --> 00:02:37,401
THE WORDS "IN GOD WE TRUST"
APPEARED ON A U.S. COIN.
39
00:02:41,155 --> 00:02:44,992
IN 1864, THE CIVIL WAR
WAS IN ITS FOURTH YEAR.
40
00:02:46,410 --> 00:02:48,454
UNION SHIPS
CONTROLLED THE MISSISSIPPI.
41
00:02:48,620 --> 00:02:50,456
THE UNION BLOCKADE
WAS TIGHTENING.
42
00:02:50,622 --> 00:02:52,958
LEE HAD BEEN BEATEN
AT GETTYSBURG.
43
00:02:53,125 --> 00:02:55,502
VICKSBURG AND CHATTANOOGA
HAD FALLEN.
44
00:02:55,669 --> 00:02:58,130
AS CONFEDERATE HOPES
BEGAN TO DIM,
45
00:02:58,297 --> 00:03:00,466
UNION OBJECTIVES
BECAME CLEAR--
46
00:03:00,632 --> 00:03:03,469
ATTACK THE HEART OF
THE CONFEDERACY AT ATLANTA
47
00:03:03,635 --> 00:03:07,347
AND DESTROY LEE'S ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA.
48
00:03:07,514 --> 00:03:10,976
BUT THERE WAS STILL
NO REAL END IN SIGHT.
49
00:03:11,143 --> 00:03:14,146
AS ROBERT E. LEE
AND ULYSSES 8. GRANT
50
00:03:14,313 --> 00:03:16,982
PREPARED TO CONFRONT EACH OTHER
FOR THE FIRST TIME,
51
00:03:17,149 --> 00:03:19,485
NEITHER KNEW
WHAT AWAITED THEIR ARMIES
52
00:03:19,651 --> 00:03:23,489
ALONG A 100-MILE CRESCENT
EAST OF RICHMOND.
53
00:03:23,655 --> 00:03:25,866
TO WIN, ONE WOULD
HAVE TO OUTTHINK
54
00:03:26,033 --> 00:03:27,951
AS WELL AS OUTFIGHT
THE OTHER.
55
00:03:33,165 --> 00:03:35,417
IN 1864, FOR THE FIRST TIME
IN HISTORY,
56
00:03:35,584 --> 00:03:37,544
A NATION WOULD TRY
TO HOLD AN ELECTION
57
00:03:37,711 --> 00:03:40,214
IN THE MIDST
OF CIVIL WAR.
58
00:03:40,380 --> 00:03:42,382
AFTER 3 1/2 YEARS OF WAR,
59
00:03:42,549 --> 00:03:45,219
ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S PROSPECTS
FOR REELECTION
60
00:03:45,385 --> 00:03:48,722
DID NOT SEEM BRIGHT.
61
00:03:48,889 --> 00:03:50,766
FOR ELISHA HUNT RHODES,
62
00:03:50,933 --> 00:03:53,769
STUCK IN THE UNION TRENCHES
OUTSIDE PETERSBURG,
63
00:03:53,936 --> 00:03:57,815
THE WAR STRETCHED ON
INTERMINABLY.
64
00:03:57,981 --> 00:04:02,194
TO CONFEDERATE SAM WATKINS
AT FRANKLIN, TENNESSEE,
65
00:04:02,361 --> 00:04:03,946
IT SEEMED
"THE DEATH ANGEL WAS THERE
66
00:04:04,112 --> 00:04:07,032
TO GATHER ITS LAST HARVEST."
67
00:04:07,199 --> 00:04:10,452
THAT SAME YEAR,
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN,
68
00:04:10,619 --> 00:04:13,163
NOW IN COMMAND OF
THE UNION'S WESTERN ARMIES,
69
00:04:13,330 --> 00:04:15,666
WOULD SET OUT THROUGH
THE MOUNTAINS OF GEORGIA
70
00:04:15,833 --> 00:04:17,334
FOR ATLANTA.
71
00:04:20,546 --> 00:04:22,464
LIEUTENANT WASHINGTON ROEBLING,
72
00:04:22,631 --> 00:04:25,008
WHO THOUGHT HE'D SEEN
THE WORST AT GETTYSBURG,
73
00:04:25,175 --> 00:04:29,721
CAME CLOSE TO LOSING HIS FAITH
IN THE UNION CAUSE.
74
00:04:29,888 --> 00:04:34,101
IN WASHINGTON,
A SOMETIME POET, WALT WHITMAN,
75
00:04:34,268 --> 00:04:37,437
WORKED AS A NURSE
IN THE CROWDED UNION HOSPITALS
76
00:04:37,604 --> 00:04:39,606
UNTIL THEY OVERWHELMED HIM.
77
00:04:44,152 --> 00:04:49,199
IN 1864, THE PICTURES THAT
WOULD COME BACK FROM THE WAR
78
00:04:49,366 --> 00:04:53,161
WOULD BE TOO HORRIBLE TO LOOK AT
FOR YEARS TO COME.
79
00:04:58,292 --> 00:05:00,961
Man: "IT IS ENOUGH TO MAKE
THE WHOLE WORLD START
80
00:05:01,128 --> 00:05:03,130
"AT THE AWFUL AMOUNT
OF DEATH AND DESTRUCTION
81
00:05:03,297 --> 00:05:05,048
"THAT NOW STALKS ABROAD.
82
00:05:05,215 --> 00:05:07,467
"| BEGIN TO REGARD
THE DEATH AND MANGLING
83
00:05:07,634 --> 00:05:10,512
"OF A COUPLE OF THOUSAND MEN
AS ASMALL AFFAIR,
84
00:05:10,679 --> 00:05:12,639
"A KIND OF MORNING DASH,
85
00:05:12,806 --> 00:05:16,351
"AND IT MAY BE WELL
THAT WE BECOME HARDENED.
86
00:05:18,312 --> 00:05:22,316
THE WORST OF THE WAR
IS NOT YET BEGUN."
87
00:05:22,482 --> 00:05:24,318
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
88
00:05:35,537 --> 00:05:37,623
EXPLOSIONS
89
00:05:40,751 --> 00:05:43,587
IN EARLY 1864,
SPOTSWOOD RICE,
90
00:05:43,754 --> 00:05:45,839
A SLAVE
ON A TOBACCO PLANTATION,
91
00:05:46,006 --> 00:05:48,675
ESCAPED AND MADE HIS WAY
TO GLASGOW, MISSOURI,
92
00:05:48,842 --> 00:05:51,845
WHERE HE ENLISTED
IN THE UNION ARMY.
93
00:05:52,012 --> 00:05:56,725
Man: "BENTON BARRACKS HOSPITAL,
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
94
00:05:56,892 --> 00:05:58,477
"MY CHILDREN,
95
00:05:58,644 --> 00:06:01,939
"A FEW LINES TO LET YOU KNOW
THAT I HAVE NOT FORGOT YOU
96
00:06:02,105 --> 00:06:04,942
"AND THAT I WANT TO SEE YOU
AS BAD AS EVER.
97
00:06:05,108 --> 00:06:08,654
"I FEEL CONFIDENT
THAT I WILL GET YOU.
98
00:06:08,820 --> 00:06:11,949
"YOUR MISS KITTY SAID
THAT I TRIED TO STEAL YOU,
99
00:06:12,115 --> 00:06:14,660
"BUT I LET HER KNOW
THAT GOD NEVER INTENDED FOR MAN
100
00:06:14,826 --> 00:06:17,871
"TO STEAL
HIS OWN FLESH AND BLOOD.
101
00:06:18,038 --> 00:06:20,457
"| ONCE THOUGHT THAT I HAD
SOME RESPECT FOR THEM,
102
00:06:20,624 --> 00:06:23,085
"BUT NOW MY RESPECT
IS WORN-OUT,
103
00:06:23,251 --> 00:06:27,547
AND I HAVE NO SYMPATHY
FOR SLAVE HOLDERS."
104
00:06:27,714 --> 00:06:29,466
SPOTSWOOD RICE.
105
00:06:34,596 --> 00:06:37,224
Different man:
"THE WILLARD HOTEL MAY BE
MUCH MORE JUSTLY CALLED
106
00:06:37,391 --> 00:06:39,226
"THE CENTER OF WASHINGTON
AND THE UNION
107
00:06:39,393 --> 00:06:41,228
"THAN EITHER THE CAPITOL,
THE WHITE HOUSE,
108
00:06:41,395 --> 00:06:42,980
"OR THE STATE DEPARTMENT.
109
00:06:43,146 --> 00:06:45,357
EVERYBODY MAY BE SEEN THERE."
110
00:06:45,524 --> 00:06:47,651
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.
111
00:06:47,818 --> 00:06:51,571
Narrator: ON THE AFTERNOON
OF MARCH 8, 1864,
112
00:06:51,738 --> 00:06:53,407
ASTUBBY, RUMPLED MAN
MADE HIS WAY
113
00:06:53,573 --> 00:06:56,743
ACROSS THE CROWDED LOBBY
OF WILLARD'S HOTEL.
114
00:06:56,910 --> 00:06:59,454
A 14-YEAR-OLD BOY
CARRYING A SATCHEL
115
00:06:59,621 --> 00:07:01,415
FOLLOWED IN HIS WAKE.
116
00:07:01,581 --> 00:07:03,417
Foote: HE DIDN'T HAVE
HIS THREE STARS ON YET
117
00:07:03,583 --> 00:07:05,002
BECAUSE HE WASN'T GOING
TO GET HIS COMMISSION
118
00:07:05,168 --> 00:07:06,795
UNTIL THE NEXT DAY,
119
00:07:06,962 --> 00:07:07,921
BUT HE JUST WALKED
UP TO THE DESK
120
00:07:08,088 --> 00:07:09,423
AND ASKED FOR A ROOM,
121
00:07:09,589 --> 00:07:11,967
AND THERE HAD BEEN
AGREAT MANY GENERALS
122
00:07:12,134 --> 00:07:13,677
IN AND OUT OF WILLARD'S.
123
00:07:13,844 --> 00:07:15,846
PRACTICALLY ALL OF THEM HAD BEEN
IN AND OUT OF WILLARD'S.
124
00:07:16,013 --> 00:07:19,474
THE DESK CLERK SAID,
"WELL, I'VE GOT SOMETHING
125
00:07:19,641 --> 00:07:21,476
UP ON THE TOP FLOOR,
IF THAT WILL DO,"
126
00:07:21,643 --> 00:07:23,228
AND GRANT SAID,
"THAT WILL DO FINE,"
127
00:07:23,395 --> 00:07:24,938
AND HE GAVE HIM
THE REGISTER TO SIGN,
128
00:07:25,105 --> 00:07:26,523
AND GRANT SIGNED IT.
129
00:07:26,690 --> 00:07:28,942
WHEN THE CLERK LOOKED DOWN
AND SAW "U.S. GRANT AND SON,
130
00:07:29,109 --> 00:07:30,235
GALENA, ILLINOIS,"
131
00:07:30,402 --> 00:07:33,113
HIS EYES BUGGED OUT
OF HIS HEAD.
132
00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:34,948
Narrator: WORD SPREAD QUICKLY
133
00:07:35,115 --> 00:07:36,867
THAT THE MAN
LINCOLN HAD RECENTLY PLACED
134
00:07:37,034 --> 00:07:38,744
AT THE HEAD
OF ALL THE UNION ARMIES
135
00:07:38,910 --> 00:07:40,495
WAS IN THE HOTEL,
136
00:07:40,662 --> 00:07:43,248
AND WHEN HE AND HIS SON ENTERED
THE CROWDED DINING ROOM,
137
00:07:43,415 --> 00:07:46,043
EVERYONE STOOD AND CHEERED.
138
00:07:48,503 --> 00:07:50,088
AFTERWARDS,
HE STROLLED TWO BLOCKS
139
00:07:50,255 --> 00:07:52,716
UP PENNSYLVANIAAVENUE
TO THE WHITE HOUSE,
140
00:07:52,883 --> 00:07:53,967
WHERE PRESIDENT
AND MRS. LINCOLN
141
00:07:54,134 --> 00:07:57,471
WERE GIVING A RECEPTION.
142
00:07:57,637 --> 00:08:00,265
Man: "I WISH TO EXPRESS
MY ENTIRE SATISFACTION
143
00:08:00,432 --> 00:08:02,142
"WITH WHAT YOU HAVE DONE
UP TO THIS TIME,
144
00:08:02,309 --> 00:08:04,478
"SO FAR AS I CAN UNDERSTAND IT.
145
00:08:04,644 --> 00:08:06,605
"THE PARTICULARS
OF YOUR PLANS
146
00:08:06,772 --> 00:08:09,483
| NEITHER KNOW
NOR SEEK TO KNOW."
147
00:08:09,649 --> 00:08:11,985
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
148
00:08:12,152 --> 00:08:13,653
Narrator: THREE YEARS EARLIER,
149
00:08:13,820 --> 00:08:16,573
GRANT HAD BEEN NOTABLE
ONLY FOR HIS FAILURES.
150
00:08:16,740 --> 00:08:18,658
NOW HE WAS THE CONQUEROR
OF DONELSON,
151
00:08:18,825 --> 00:08:21,536
VICKSBURG, AND CHATTANOOGA
COME TO WASHINGTON
152
00:08:21,703 --> 00:08:23,955
TO RECEIVE THE RANK
OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL,
153
00:08:24,122 --> 00:08:26,625
LAST HELD
BY GEORGE WASHINGTON.
154
00:08:30,962 --> 00:08:34,841
HE HAD COMMAND NOW
OF 533,000 MEN,
155
00:08:35,008 --> 00:08:37,302
THE LARGEST ARMY
IN THE WORLD.
156
00:08:43,266 --> 00:08:45,519
CANNON FIRE
157
00:08:52,067 --> 00:08:54,194
Man: "I WANT TO PUSH ON
AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE
158
00:08:54,361 --> 00:08:56,071
"TO SAVE HARD FIGHTING.
159
00:08:56,238 --> 00:08:59,157
"THESE TERRIBLE BATTLES ARE
VERY GOOD THINGS TO READ ABOUT
160
00:08:59,324 --> 00:09:01,493
"FOR PERSONS
WHO LOSE NO FRIENDS,
161
00:09:01,660 --> 00:09:03,870
"BUT I AM DECIDEDLY IN FAVOR
162
00:09:04,037 --> 00:09:06,873
"OF HAVING AS LITTLE OF IT
AS POSSIBLE.
163
00:09:07,040 --> 00:09:09,626
THE WAY TO AVOID IT
IS TO PUSH FORWARD."
164
00:09:09,793 --> 00:09:11,586
ULYSSES 8. GRANT.
165
00:09:15,423 --> 00:09:18,385
Narrator:
HIRAM ULYSSES GRANT WAS BORN
AT POINT PLEASANT, OHIO,
166
00:09:18,552 --> 00:09:22,055
ON APRIL 27, 1822.
167
00:09:22,222 --> 00:09:24,558
HIS FATHER JESSE
RAN ATANNERY,
168
00:09:24,724 --> 00:09:27,894
AND ITS STENCH WAS ONE
OF HIS FIRST MEMORIES.
169
00:09:28,061 --> 00:09:30,897
HE WAS SENSITIVE
AND WITHDRAWN WITH PEOPLE,
170
00:09:31,064 --> 00:09:33,150
BUT WONDERFUL WITH HORSES.
171
00:09:33,316 --> 00:09:35,902
HIS FATHER THOUGHT HIM
HOPELESSLY IMPRACTICAL
172
00:09:36,069 --> 00:09:38,280
AND GOT HIM AN APPOINTMENT
TO WEST POINT.
173
00:09:38,446 --> 00:09:40,907
ACLERK MISTAKENLY
REGISTERED THE BOY
174
00:09:41,074 --> 00:09:42,367
AS ULYSSES 8. GRANT
175
00:09:42,534 --> 00:09:45,912
AND RATHER THAN COMPLAIN,
HE LIVED WITH IT.
176
00:09:46,079 --> 00:09:47,956
HIS FRIENDS CALLED HIM SAM.
177
00:09:51,042 --> 00:09:52,586
MARCHING
178
00:09:54,462 --> 00:09:57,382
HE WAS GRADUATED
IN THE MIDDLE OF HIS CLASS.
179
00:09:57,549 --> 00:10:00,177
THE NEXT YEAR HE WAS ENGAGED
TO JULIA DENT,
180
00:10:00,343 --> 00:10:02,762
THE DAUGHTER
OF A MISSOURI SLAVE OWNER.
181
00:10:02,929 --> 00:10:08,602
HE ADORED HER, AND SHE
BORE HIM FOUR CHILDREN.
182
00:10:08,768 --> 00:10:10,937
GRANT THOUGHT
THE MEXICAN WAR WICKED
183
00:10:11,104 --> 00:10:12,564
BUT WENT ANYWAY.
184
00:10:12,731 --> 00:10:15,901
"| CONSIDERED MY SUPREME DUTY
WAS TO MY FLAG," HE WROTE,
185
00:10:16,067 --> 00:10:17,319
AND SERVED BRAVELY IN BATTLE,
186
00:10:17,485 --> 00:10:19,654
RIDING ALONE THROUGH
A HAIL OF ENEMY FIRE
187
00:10:19,821 --> 00:10:22,157
TO BRING AMMUNITION
TO HIS MEN.
188
00:10:25,410 --> 00:10:26,745
AFTER THE WAR,
189
00:10:26,912 --> 00:10:29,122
THE ARMY SENT HIM TO A REMOTE
CALIFORNIA OUTPOST,
190
00:10:29,289 --> 00:10:31,833
WHERE, LONELY AND MISERABLE
WITHOUT HIS FAMILY,
191
00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:34,127
HE BEGAN TO DRINK.
192
00:10:34,294 --> 00:10:38,381
Man: "DEAR JULIA, | SOMETIMES
GET SO ANXIOUS TO SEE YOU
193
00:10:38,548 --> 00:10:42,260
"AND OUR CHILDREN THAT
I AM ALMOST TEMPTED TO RESIGN
194
00:10:42,427 --> 00:10:43,553
"AND TRUST TO PROVIDENCE
195
00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:46,640
"AND MY OWN EXERTIONS
FOR A LIVING.
196
00:10:46,806 --> 00:10:50,060
"WHENEVER | GET TO THINKING UP
THE SUBJECT, HOWEVER,
197
00:10:50,227 --> 00:10:55,398
POVERTY, POVERTY BEGINS
TO STARE ME IN THE FACE."
198
00:10:57,484 --> 00:11:00,362
Narrator: IN 1854, HE LEFT
THE ARMY AND RETURNED EAST
199
00:11:00,528 --> 00:11:02,530
TO REJOIN JULIA
AND WORKA PIECE OF LAND
200
00:11:02,697 --> 00:11:04,658
HIS FATHER-lN-LAW GAVE HIM.
201
00:11:04,824 --> 00:11:09,621
HE CALLED IT "HARDSCRABBLE FARM"
AND COULD NOT MAKE A GO OF IT.
202
00:11:09,788 --> 00:11:13,250
HE TRIED BILL COLLECTING,
REAL ESTATE, RAISING POTATOES,
203
00:11:13,416 --> 00:11:15,669
EVEN PEDDLING FIREWOOD
IN THE STREET.
204
00:11:15,835 --> 00:11:17,295
NOTHING WORKED.
205
00:11:17,462 --> 00:11:19,673
ONE YEAR, IN ST. LOUIS,
HE PAWNED HIS WATCH
206
00:11:19,839 --> 00:11:23,301
TO BUY CHRISTMAS PRESENTS
FOR HIS FAMILY.
207
00:11:23,468 --> 00:11:25,595
HE HAD BEEN REDUCED
TO WORKING AS A CLERK
208
00:11:25,762 --> 00:11:28,515
IN HIS FATHER'S HARNESS SHOP
IN GALENA, ILLINOIS,
209
00:11:28,682 --> 00:11:30,725
WHEN THE WAR BEGAN.
210
00:11:30,892 --> 00:11:35,397
AS A WEST POINT GRADUATE,
GRANT WAS A SCARCE COMMODITY.
211
00:11:35,563 --> 00:11:38,858
HE REENTERED THE ARMY
AND NEVER LOOKED BACK.
212
00:11:39,025 --> 00:11:42,612
Man: "IN THIS SEASON,
I SAW ENERGIES IN GRANT.
213
00:11:42,779 --> 00:11:45,240
"HE DROPPED A STOOPED-SHOULDERED
WAY OF WALKING
214
00:11:45,407 --> 00:11:47,492
"AND SET HIS HAT
FORWARD ON HIS HEAD
215
00:11:47,659 --> 00:11:50,120
IN A CARELESS FASHION."
216
00:11:50,287 --> 00:11:52,747
JOHN A. RAWLINS.
217
00:11:54,708 --> 00:11:56,543
Narrator: HE WAS PROMOTED
TO BRIGADIER GENERAL,
218
00:11:56,710 --> 00:11:58,795
WON A SMALL BATTLE
AT BELMONT, MISSOURI,
219
00:11:58,962 --> 00:12:00,797
THEN A BIG ONE
AT FORT DONELSON
220
00:12:00,964 --> 00:12:02,549
AT A TIME WHEN
OTHER NORTHERN GENERALS
221
00:12:02,716 --> 00:12:04,634
WERE GOING DOWN TO DEFEAT.
222
00:12:08,555 --> 00:12:10,515
Man: "HIS SOLDIERS
DO NOT SALUTE HIM.
223
00:12:10,682 --> 00:12:11,850
"THEY ONLY WATCH HIM
224
00:12:12,017 --> 00:12:14,561
"WITH A CERTAIN
SORT OF FAMILIAR REVERENCE.
225
00:12:14,728 --> 00:12:17,856
"THEY OBSERVE HIM COMING
AND, RISING TO THEIR FEET,
226
00:12:18,023 --> 00:12:21,151
"GATHER ON EACH SIDE OF THE WAY
TO SEE HIM PASS.
227
00:12:21,318 --> 00:12:25,447
"NO NAPOLEONIC DISPLAYS,
NO OSTENTATION, NO SPEECH,
228
00:12:25,613 --> 00:12:27,991
NO SUPERFLUOUS FLUMMERY."
229
00:12:29,451 --> 00:12:32,162
Narrator: HE WAS
DISTINCTLY UNGLAMOROUS
230
00:12:32,329 --> 00:12:34,164
AND HAD ONLY
ONE PERSONAL ATTENDANT,
231
00:12:34,331 --> 00:12:37,000
A RUNAWAY MISSOURI SLAVE
NAMED BILL.
232
00:12:37,167 --> 00:12:38,585
HE DIDN'T LIKE MARCHING BANDS
233
00:12:38,752 --> 00:12:41,171
AND COULD RECOGNIZE
ONLY TWO TUNES.
234
00:12:41,338 --> 00:12:43,256
"ONE WAS YANKEE DOODLE, "
HE SAID,
235
00:12:43,423 --> 00:12:45,383
"AND THE OTHER WASN'T."
236
00:12:45,550 --> 00:12:48,261
HE INSISTED THAT HIS MEAT
BE COOKED DRY
237
00:12:48,428 --> 00:12:50,930
BECAUSE EVEN A SUGGESTION
OF BLOOD ON HIS PLATE
238
00:12:51,097 --> 00:12:52,724
MADE HIM SICK.
239
00:12:52,891 --> 00:12:54,601
ONCE,
ON THE EVE OF A BATTLE
240
00:12:54,768 --> 00:12:56,770
IN WHICH THOUSANDS
OF MEN WOULD DIE,
241
00:12:56,936 --> 00:12:59,689
HE HAD A TEAMSTER
TIED TO ATREE FOR SIX HOURS
242
00:12:59,856 --> 00:13:03,360
FOR MISTREATING A HORSE.
243
00:13:03,526 --> 00:13:06,446
HE WAS METHODICAL, DOGGED,
244
00:13:06,613 --> 00:13:10,033
AND UNCOMMONLY CLEARHEADED
UNDER FIRE.
245
00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:13,286
GRANT THE GENERAL
HAS MANY QUALITIES,
246
00:13:13,453 --> 00:13:17,540
BUT HE HAD A...A THING
THAT'S VERY NECESSARY
247
00:13:17,707 --> 00:13:19,000
FOR A GREAT GENERAL.
248
00:13:19,167 --> 00:13:22,629
HE HAD WHAT THEY CALL
4:00-lN-THE-MORNING COURAGE.
249
00:13:22,796 --> 00:13:24,631
YOU COULD WAKE HIM UP
AT 4:00 IN THE MORNING
250
00:13:24,798 --> 00:13:27,008
AND TELL HIM THAT THEY JUST
TURNED HIS RIGHT FLANK,
251
00:13:27,175 --> 00:13:29,135
AND HE WOULD BE
AS COOL AS A CUCUMBER.
252
00:13:29,302 --> 00:13:30,970
HE HAD AN ABILITY
TO CONCENTRATE,
253
00:13:31,137 --> 00:13:32,555
AND A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THAT
254
00:13:32,722 --> 00:13:35,683
IS HE WOULD BE WORKING
AT HIS DESK, BENT OVER WRITING,
255
00:13:35,850 --> 00:13:37,977
AND HE WOULD NEED SOMETHING
ACROSS THE ROOM--
256
00:13:38,144 --> 00:13:39,354
A DOCUMENT OR SOMETHING.
257
00:13:39,521 --> 00:13:40,730
HE WOULD GET UP
258
00:13:40,897 --> 00:13:42,273
AND NEVER GET OUT
OF THAT CROUCHED POSITION,
259
00:13:42,440 --> 00:13:44,234
GO OVER THERE AND PICK UP
THE DOCUMENT HE'D NEED,
260
00:13:44,401 --> 00:13:46,152
AND COME BACK TO HIS DESK
AND SIT DOWN AGAIN
261
00:13:46,319 --> 00:13:47,862
WITHOUT EVER HAVING
STRAIGHTENED UP.
262
00:13:48,029 --> 00:13:50,198
IT'S AN EXAMPLE OF HOW
HE COULD CONCENTRATE.
263
00:13:50,365 --> 00:13:54,869
Narrator: HE DRANK BOURBON,
AND HE GOT DRUNK EASILY.
264
00:13:55,036 --> 00:13:58,373
AGALENA NEIGHBOR, JOHN RAWLINS,
WAS MADE HIS CHIEF OF STAFF
265
00:13:58,540 --> 00:14:01,459
AND TOOK IT UPON HIMSELF
TO KEEP GRANT SOBER.
266
00:14:04,003 --> 00:14:06,506
Foote: GRANT NEVER GOT DRUNK
WHEN HIS WIFE WAS AROUND.
267
00:14:06,673 --> 00:14:09,634
THERE WAS ONLY TWO CONDITIONS
GRANT WOULD DRINK UNDER.
268
00:14:09,801 --> 00:14:11,261
ONE WAS HIS WIFE WASN'T THERE,
269
00:14:11,428 --> 00:14:13,513
AND THE OTHER WAS THERE
WASN'T ANYTHING GOING ON.
270
00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:17,350
HE WENT ON ATRUE BENDER
DURING THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN,
271
00:14:17,517 --> 00:14:19,227
BUT IT WAS WHEN
NOTHING WAS HAPPENING.
272
00:14:19,394 --> 00:14:21,187
IT WAS IF HE--
273
00:14:21,354 --> 00:14:22,522
WHETHER IT WAS
ANYTHING SEXUAL
274
00:14:22,689 --> 00:14:24,023
ABOUT HIS WIFE
BEING OUT OF TOUCH,
275
00:14:24,190 --> 00:14:25,650
I'M NOT TOO SURE ABOUT,
276
00:14:25,817 --> 00:14:28,194
BUT I DO KNOW
THAT IT WAS, UH, BOREDOM
277
00:14:28,361 --> 00:14:32,115
THAT WOULD--
THAT WOULD MAKE HIM DRINK.
278
00:14:32,282 --> 00:14:34,367
NOW HE TRAVELED SOUTH
TO MEADE'S HEADQUARTERS
279
00:14:34,534 --> 00:14:37,245
AT BRANDY STATION
NEAR CULPEPER, VIRGINIA--
280
00:14:37,412 --> 00:14:40,707
THE LARGEST UNION ENCAMPMENT
OF THE WAR.
281
00:14:42,625 --> 00:14:46,087
Man: "APRIL 19. YESTERDAY
THE 6th CORPS WAS REVIEWED
282
00:14:46,254 --> 00:14:49,382
"BY LIEUTENANT GENERAL
U.S. GRANT.
283
00:14:49,549 --> 00:14:51,342
"HE IS A SHORT, THICKSET MAN
284
00:14:51,509 --> 00:14:54,554
"AND RODE HIS HORSE
LIKE A BAG OF MEAL.
285
00:14:54,721 --> 00:14:57,182
"| WAS A LITTLE DISAPPOINTED
IN THE APPEARANCE,
286
00:14:57,348 --> 00:15:00,101
BUT I LIKED
THE LOOK OF HIS EYE."
287
00:15:00,268 --> 00:15:03,521
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
288
00:15:03,688 --> 00:15:08,651
Different man: "WE ALL FELT AT
LAST THAT THE BOSS HAD ARRIVED."
289
00:15:08,818 --> 00:15:10,403
Narrator: WHILE GRANT
CONFERRED WITH MEADE,
290
00:15:10,570 --> 00:15:13,072
MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF
DESCRIBED GRANT'S TRIUMPHS
291
00:15:13,239 --> 00:15:14,657
IN THE WEST.
292
00:15:14,824 --> 00:15:18,536
VETERANS OF THE ARMY OF
THE POTOMAC WERE NOT IMPRESSED.
293
00:15:18,703 --> 00:15:20,580
"THAT MAY BE," ONE SAID,
294
00:15:20,747 --> 00:15:23,082
"BUT GRANT
NEVER MET BOBBY LEE."
295
00:15:23,249 --> 00:15:24,542
CANNON FIRE
296
00:15:35,512 --> 00:15:39,807
Woman: "CAN ANYBODY SAY
THEY KNOW THE GENERAL?
297
00:15:39,974 --> 00:15:41,434
"| DOUBT IT.
298
00:15:41,601 --> 00:15:48,066
HE LOOKS SO COLD,
QUIET, AND GRAND."
299
00:15:48,233 --> 00:15:50,610
Man: "I THINK THAT LEE
SHOULD HAVE BEEN HANGED.
300
00:15:50,777 --> 00:15:53,363
"IT WAS ALL THE WORSE
THAT HE WAS A GOOD MAN
301
00:15:53,530 --> 00:15:57,116
"AND A FINE CHARACTER
AND ACTED CONSCIENTIOUSLY.
302
00:15:57,283 --> 00:16:00,286
"IT'S ALWAYS THE GOOD MEN
WHO DO THE MOST HARM
303
00:16:00,453 --> 00:16:02,121
IN THE WORLD."
304
00:16:02,288 --> 00:16:04,958
HENRY ADAMS.
305
00:16:05,124 --> 00:16:08,628
LEE IS, UH, ONE
OF THE MOST DIFFICULT
PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT
306
00:16:08,795 --> 00:16:10,672
BECAUSE
HE'S BEEN IMMORTALIZED,
307
00:16:10,838 --> 00:16:13,299
OR AS THEY CALL HIM NOW,
SOME PEOPLE, "THE MARBLE MAN."
308
00:16:13,466 --> 00:16:19,305
HE'S BEEN DEHUMANIZED
BY THE GLORY AND THE WORSHIP.
309
00:16:19,472 --> 00:16:22,809
UH, HE WAS AWARM,
OUTGOING MAN,
310
00:16:22,976 --> 00:16:27,313
ALWAYS HAD TIME FOR ANY PRIVATE
SOLDIER'S COMPLAINT.
311
00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:29,566
UH, ONCE A NORTHERN SOLDIER
312
00:16:29,732 --> 00:16:31,693
BEING MARCHED
TO THE REAR AS A PRISONER
313
00:16:31,859 --> 00:16:34,612
COMPLAINED TO LEE IN PERSON
THAT SOMEONE HAD TAKEN HIS HAT.
314
00:16:34,779 --> 00:16:36,239
AND HE SAID, "THAT MAN GOT IT."
315
00:16:36,406 --> 00:16:38,533
AND LEE MADE THE MAN
GIVE HIM HIS HAT BACK.
316
00:16:40,577 --> 00:16:43,538
Narrator: THE MAN GRANT
FACED ACROSS THE RAPIDAN
RIVER IN VIRGINIA
317
00:16:43,705 --> 00:16:45,373
CAME FROM A FAMILY
AS CELEBRATED
318
00:16:45,540 --> 00:16:47,500
AS GRANT'S WAS OBSCURE.
319
00:16:47,667 --> 00:16:51,296
ROBERT E. LEE
WAS BORN IN 1807
320
00:16:51,462 --> 00:16:54,132
AT STRATFORD IN
WESTMORELAND COUNTY, VIRGINIA,
321
00:16:54,299 --> 00:16:56,509
AND WAS RAISED BY HIS MOTHER.
322
00:16:56,676 --> 00:16:58,720
SHE TAUGHT HIM TO REVERE
GENERAL WASHINGTON,
323
00:16:58,886 --> 00:17:00,346
A NEIGHBOR REMEMBERED,
324
00:17:00,513 --> 00:17:04,434
"TO PRACTICE SELF-DENIAL
AND SELF-CONTROL" IN ALL THINGS.
325
00:17:04,601 --> 00:17:06,477
HIS FATHER,
"LIGHT HORSE HARRY" LEE,
326
00:17:06,644 --> 00:17:08,187
HAD BEEN A FRIEND
AND FAVORITE LIEUTENANT
327
00:17:08,354 --> 00:17:10,273
OF GEORGE WASHINGTON,
328
00:17:10,440 --> 00:17:14,193
BUT LIGHT HORSE HARRY ALSO
SQUANDERED TWO WIVES' FORTUNES
329
00:17:14,360 --> 00:17:17,196
BEFORE DESERTING HIS FAMILY
FOR THE WEST INDIES.
330
00:17:18,615 --> 00:17:19,991
AT WEST POINT,
331
00:17:20,158 --> 00:17:23,161
ROBERT E. LEE DID NOT EARN
ASINGLE DEMERIT.
332
00:17:23,328 --> 00:17:26,039
CLASSMATES CALLED HIM
"THE MARBLE MODEL,"
333
00:17:26,205 --> 00:17:29,459
BUT LIKED HIM IN SPITE
OF HIS PERFECTION.
334
00:17:29,626 --> 00:17:34,964
HE WAS GRADUATED SECOND
IN HIS CLASS IN 1829.
335
00:17:35,131 --> 00:17:37,008
IN 1831, HE MARRIED
336
00:17:37,175 --> 00:17:40,762
MARTHA WASHINGTON'S
GRANDDAUGHTER, MARY CUSTIS.
337
00:17:40,928 --> 00:17:42,680
SHE BORE HIM SEVEN CHILDREN
338
00:17:42,847 --> 00:17:47,769
AND ENDURED HIS LONG ABSENCES
AS BEST SHE COULD.
339
00:17:47,935 --> 00:17:51,022
THE MANSION AT ARLINGTON
WITH ITS 250 SLAVES
340
00:17:51,189 --> 00:17:54,567
WAS HER HOME
BEFORE IT WAS HIS.
341
00:17:54,734 --> 00:17:58,279
APPOINTED TO THE PRESTIGIOUS
CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
342
00:17:58,446 --> 00:18:00,198
HE WAS THREE TIMES
PROMOTED FOR BRAVERY
343
00:18:00,365 --> 00:18:01,908
DURING THE MEXICAN WAR,
344
00:18:02,075 --> 00:18:06,079
WHERE HE ONCE MET
AYOUNG ULYSSES 8. GRANT.
345
00:18:06,245 --> 00:18:09,374
SUPERINTENDENT OF WEST POINT,
CAPTOR OF JOHN BROWN,
346
00:18:09,540 --> 00:18:10,708
HE WAS AT THE START
OF THE WAR
347
00:18:10,875 --> 00:18:14,128
THE NATION'S
MOST PROMISING SOLDIER.
348
00:18:14,295 --> 00:18:18,925
IN 1861, LEE REFUSED COMMAND
OF THE UNION ARMY
349
00:18:19,092 --> 00:18:21,219
AND FOLLOWED HIS STATE
OUT OF THE UNION,
350
00:18:21,386 --> 00:18:24,347
NOT BECAUSE HE APPROVED
OF SLAVERY OR SECESSION,
351
00:18:24,514 --> 00:18:28,893
BUT BECAUSE HE BELIEVED
HIS FIRST DUTY WAS TO VIRGINIA.
352
00:18:30,853 --> 00:18:34,857
Man: "I DID ONLY
WHAT MY DUTY DEMANDED.
353
00:18:35,024 --> 00:18:36,943
"I COULD HAVE TAKEN
NO OTHER COURSE
354
00:18:37,110 --> 00:18:40,113
WITHOUT DISHONOR."
355
00:18:40,279 --> 00:18:45,118
Woman: "THE MAN WHO STOOD BEFORE
US WAS THE REALIZED KING ARTHUR.
356
00:18:45,284 --> 00:18:47,203
"THE SOUL THAT LOOKED
OUT OF HIS EYES
357
00:18:47,370 --> 00:18:48,996
"WAS AS HONEST AND FEARLESS
358
00:18:49,163 --> 00:18:51,541
"AS WHEN IT FIRST
LOOKED OUT ON LIFE.
359
00:18:51,708 --> 00:18:54,711
"ONE SAW THE CHARACTER
AS CLEAR AS CRYSTAL,
360
00:18:54,877 --> 00:18:56,796
"WITHOUT COMPLICATION,
361
00:18:56,963 --> 00:19:02,260
AND THE HEART AS TENDER
AS THAT OF IDEAL WOMANHOOD."
362
00:19:04,345 --> 00:19:07,974
A UNION GIRL WATCHING LEE
RIDE PAST HER PENNSYLVANIA HOME
363
00:19:08,141 --> 00:19:11,227
SAID, "| WISH HE WERE OURS."
364
00:19:13,271 --> 00:19:14,981
EARLY IN THE WAR,
HE WAS RIDICULED
365
00:19:15,148 --> 00:19:16,274
AS "THE KING OF SPADES"
366
00:19:16,441 --> 00:19:18,651
BECAUSE OF HIS FONDNESS
FOR ENTRENCHING
367
00:19:18,818 --> 00:19:23,990
AND "GRANNY LEE" BECAUSE OF
HIS GRAY HAIR AND STRICT WAYS,
368
00:19:24,157 --> 00:19:26,492
BUT AFTER HE DROVE MCCLELLAN
OFF THE PENINSULA,
369
00:19:26,659 --> 00:19:28,369
STOPPED POPE
AT SECOND MANASSAS,
370
00:19:28,536 --> 00:19:30,455
DEMOLISHED BURNSIDE
AT FREDERICKSBURG,
371
00:19:30,621 --> 00:19:32,832
AND DESTROYED HOOKER
AT CHANCELLORSVILLE-
372
00:19:32,999 --> 00:19:35,168
ALL DESPITE
OVERWHELMING ODDS--
373
00:19:35,334 --> 00:19:38,254
HE WON THE UNSHAKABLE CONFIDENCE
OF JEFFERSON DAVIS
374
00:19:38,421 --> 00:19:42,049
AND THE UNQUALIFIED LOVE
OF HIS OFFICERS AND MEN.
375
00:19:42,216 --> 00:19:44,510
HE IS AVERY GREAT GENERAL,
376
00:19:44,677 --> 00:19:50,391
AND, UH, H-HE'S SUPERB ON BOTH
THE OFFENSIVE AND THE DEFENSIVE.
377
00:19:50,558 --> 00:19:51,976
UH, HE TOOK LONG CHANCES,
378
00:19:52,143 --> 00:19:54,520
BUT HE TOOK THEM
BECAUSE HE HAD TO.
379
00:19:54,687 --> 00:19:56,773
IF GRANT HAD NOT
HAD SUPERIOR NUMBERS,
380
00:19:56,939 --> 00:19:59,859
HE MIGHT HAVE TAKEN CHANCES
AS LONG AS LEE TOOK.
381
00:20:00,026 --> 00:20:02,028
THE ONLY WAY TO WIN
WAS WITH LONG CHANCES,
382
00:20:02,195 --> 00:20:03,988
AND IT MADE HIM BRILLIANT.
383
00:20:05,865 --> 00:20:08,701
Narrator: NO ONE EVER CALLED HIM
BOBBY LEE TO HIS FACE.
384
00:20:08,868 --> 00:20:10,536
HIS MEN CALLED HIM
"MARSE ROBERT"
385
00:20:10,703 --> 00:20:12,330
OR "UNCLE ROBERT."
386
00:20:12,497 --> 00:20:13,706
HE HAD A TERRIBLE TEMPER,
387
00:20:13,873 --> 00:20:16,501
WHICH HE WORKED ALL HIS LIFE
TO CONTROL.
388
00:20:16,667 --> 00:20:21,380
WHEN ANGERED,
HIS ICY STARE WAS UNFORGETTABLE.
389
00:20:21,547 --> 00:20:22,882
Foote: THERE WAS AYOUNG MAN
BROUGHT BEFORE HIM
390
00:20:23,049 --> 00:20:24,675
FOR SOME INFRACTION
OF THE RULES,
391
00:20:24,842 --> 00:20:27,470
AND CAN YOU IMAGINE BEING
BROUGHT BEFORE GENERAL LEE
392
00:20:27,637 --> 00:20:29,806
FOR HAVING BROKEN THE RULES?
393
00:20:29,972 --> 00:20:31,307
AND THE YOUNG MAN WAS TREMBLING,
394
00:20:31,474 --> 00:20:33,559
AND LEE SAID,
"YOU NEED NOT BE AFRAID.
395
00:20:33,726 --> 00:20:35,102
YOU'LL GET JUSTICE HERE,"
396
00:20:35,269 --> 00:20:36,729
AND THE YOUNG MAN SAID,
"I KNOW IT, GENERAL.
397
00:20:36,896 --> 00:20:37,980
THAT'S WHAT I'M SCARED OF."
398
00:20:38,147 --> 00:20:41,943
HA HA HA HA!
399
00:20:42,109 --> 00:20:45,071
Narrator: HE REFERRED TO
THE UNION ARMY AS "THOSE PEOPLE"
400
00:20:45,238 --> 00:20:47,114
RATHER THAN AS "THE ENEMY."
401
00:20:47,281 --> 00:20:50,201
NOW "THOSE PEOPLE"
HAD A NEW COMMANDER
402
00:20:50,368 --> 00:20:52,370
WHOM LEE HAD NOT TESTED.
403
00:21:06,133 --> 00:21:09,262
Foote: WHEN GRANT BEGAN
HIS SPRING CAMPAIGN OF '64,
404
00:21:09,428 --> 00:21:12,181
HE TOOK WHAT THEY CALLED
"THE HEAVIES"--
405
00:21:12,348 --> 00:21:14,934
THE HEAVY ARTILLERYMEN
OUT OF THE FORTS IN WASHINGTON
406
00:21:15,101 --> 00:21:16,477
AND PUT THEM IN THE FIELD.
407
00:21:16,644 --> 00:21:18,646
MANY HAD BEEN IN THE ARMY
TWO OR THREE YEARS
408
00:21:18,813 --> 00:21:21,107
AND NEVER HAD HEARD
ASHOT FIRED IN ANGER,
409
00:21:21,274 --> 00:21:24,610
AND AS THESE UNITS MARCHED
INTO CAMP,
410
00:21:24,777 --> 00:21:27,655
THEY WERE SO MUCH LARGER
THAN THE COMBAT REGIMENTS
411
00:21:27,822 --> 00:21:30,658
THAT, UH, SOLDIERS ALONGSIDE
THE ROAD USED TO SAY,
412
00:21:30,825 --> 00:21:32,034
"WHAT DIVISION IS THAT?"
413
00:21:32,201 --> 00:21:33,578
THERE WERE SO MANY OF THEM,
414
00:21:33,744 --> 00:21:35,204
BUT THEY HAD SOME FIERCE THINGS.
415
00:21:35,371 --> 00:21:37,123
THE FIRST TIME
THEY'D GO INTO COMBAT,
416
00:21:37,290 --> 00:21:41,669
THEY'D HAVE A MANGLED CORPSE--
AN ARTILLERY CASUALTY--
417
00:21:41,836 --> 00:21:44,213
BY THE SIDE OF THE ROAD
WITH A BLANKET OVER HIM,
418
00:21:44,380 --> 00:21:47,216
AND AS THE NEW GREEN REGIMENTS
CAME ABREAST OF THEM,
419
00:21:47,383 --> 00:21:49,302
THEY'D WHISK
THE BLANKET OFF AND SAY,
420
00:21:49,468 --> 00:21:52,096
"THIS IS WHAT'S WAITING
FOR YOU UP AHEAD."
421
00:21:52,263 --> 00:21:55,016
NOT A--NOT A--
NOT A VERY PLEASANT STORY.
422
00:21:58,394 --> 00:22:01,731
Man: "TO GET POSSESSION OF LEE'S
ARMY WAS THE FIRST OBJECT.
423
00:22:01,898 --> 00:22:03,190
"WITH THE CAPTURE OF HIS ARMY,
424
00:22:03,357 --> 00:22:05,484
"RICHMOND WOULD
NECESSARILY FOLLOW.
425
00:22:05,651 --> 00:22:08,321
"IT WAS BETTER TO FIGHT HIM
OUTSIDE HIS STRONGHOLD
426
00:22:08,487 --> 00:22:09,739
THAN IN IT."
427
00:22:09,906 --> 00:22:11,532
ULYSSES 8. GRANT.
428
00:22:20,791 --> 00:22:23,252
SHOUTING
429
00:22:23,419 --> 00:22:25,254
Different man:
"THIS ADVANCE BY GENERAL GRANT
430
00:22:25,421 --> 00:22:29,175
"INAUGURATED THE SEVENTH ACT
IN THE ON TO RICHMOND DRAMA
431
00:22:29,342 --> 00:22:32,053
PLAYED BY THE ARMIES
OF THE UNION."
432
00:22:32,219 --> 00:22:33,930
GENERAL JOHN B. GORDON.
433
00:22:36,307 --> 00:22:40,227
Different man: "THAT MAN
GRANT WILL FIGHT US
EVERY DAY AND EVERY HOUR
434
00:22:40,394 --> 00:22:42,813
TILL THE END OF THE WAR."
435
00:22:42,980 --> 00:22:46,067
GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET.
436
00:22:46,233 --> 00:22:50,988
Narrator: GRANT'S PLAN CALLED
FOR FOUR SIMULTANEOUS BLOWS.
437
00:22:51,155 --> 00:22:52,949
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
HAD ORDERS
438
00:22:53,115 --> 00:22:56,911
TO STRIKE OUT FROM CHATTANOOGA
FOR ATLANTA.
439
00:22:57,078 --> 00:23:01,290
FRANZ SIGEL WOULD ADVANCE
UP THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.
440
00:23:01,457 --> 00:23:02,959
BENJAMIN BUTLER
WAS TO LEAD AN ARMY
441
00:23:03,125 --> 00:23:06,045
UP FROM THE JAMES RIVER,
442
00:23:06,212 --> 00:23:09,590
AND GEORGE GORDON MEADE WAS
TO LEAD THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
443
00:23:09,757 --> 00:23:11,926
110,000 STRONG,
444
00:23:12,093 --> 00:23:13,970
SOUTH AGAINST LEE.
445
00:23:16,305 --> 00:23:19,141
"WHEREVER LEE GOES,
YOU WILL GO ALSO,"
446
00:23:19,308 --> 00:23:20,851
GRANT TOLD MEADE,
447
00:23:21,018 --> 00:23:23,813
AND GRANT
WOULD COME ALONG, TOO.
448
00:23:23,980 --> 00:23:26,857
LEE'S STRATEGY WAS UNCHANGED--
449
00:23:27,024 --> 00:23:30,903
DESTROY THE UNION RESOLVE
TO WAGE WAR.
450
00:23:31,070 --> 00:23:33,197
HE WOULD REFUSE TO FIGHT GRANT
IN THE OPEN,
451
00:23:33,364 --> 00:23:36,117
FORCE HIM TO ATTACK
FORTIFIED CONFEDERATE POSITIONS,
452
00:23:36,283 --> 00:23:39,829
AND THEREBY OFFSET
GRANT'S SUPERIOR NUMBERS.
453
00:23:39,996 --> 00:23:41,622
THE BLOODY COST
454
00:23:41,789 --> 00:23:44,083
OF TRYING TO FORCE THE SOUTH
BACK INTO THE UNION AT GUNPOINT
455
00:23:44,250 --> 00:23:49,255
WOULD BOLSTER ANTIWAR SENTIMENT
IN THE NORTH.
456
00:23:49,422 --> 00:23:52,091
Man: "IF WE CAN BREAK UP
THE ENEMY'S ARRANGEMENTS EARLY
457
00:23:52,258 --> 00:23:53,843
"AND THROW HIM BACK,
458
00:23:54,010 --> 00:23:56,762
"HE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RECOVER
HIS POSITION OR HIS MORALE
459
00:23:56,929 --> 00:23:59,598
"UNTIL THE PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION IS OVER,
460
00:23:59,765 --> 00:24:04,020
AND THEN WE SHALL HAVE A NEW
PRESIDENT TO TREAT WITH."
461
00:24:04,186 --> 00:24:05,980
GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET.
462
00:24:12,570 --> 00:24:15,448
Different man: "APRIL 1, 1864.
463
00:24:15,614 --> 00:24:18,659
"THE PRESIDENT CAME DOWN
TO CULPEPER TO REVIEW THE ARMY.
464
00:24:18,826 --> 00:24:21,787
"THE PRESIDENT WAS MOUNTED
ON A FRACTIOUS HORSE.
465
00:24:21,954 --> 00:24:25,583
"SOON AFTER THE MARCH BEGAN,
HIS TALL HAT FELL OFF.
466
00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:27,752
"HIS PANTALOONS
SLIPPED UP TO THE KNEES,
467
00:24:27,918 --> 00:24:29,587
"SHOWING HIS WHITE
HOMEMADE DRAWERS,
468
00:24:29,754 --> 00:24:31,964
"WHICH PRESENTLY
SLIPPED UP ALSO,
469
00:24:32,131 --> 00:24:35,009
"REVEALING A LONG,
HAIRY LEG.
470
00:24:35,176 --> 00:24:36,802
"WHILE WE WERE INCLINED
TO SMILE,
471
00:24:36,969 --> 00:24:40,848
"WE WERE, UH, VERY
MUCH CHAGRINED TO SEE
OUR POOR PRESIDENT
472
00:24:41,015 --> 00:24:44,310
COMPELLED TO ENDURE
SUCH...TORTURE."
473
00:24:44,477 --> 00:24:46,270
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
474
00:24:46,437 --> 00:24:51,317
Different man: "ON THE MORNING
OF MAY4, 1864,
475
00:24:51,484 --> 00:24:54,528
"WE, WITH THE ENTIRE
GRAND ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
476
00:24:54,695 --> 00:24:57,990
"WERE IN MOTION
TOWARD THE RAPIDAN.
477
00:24:58,157 --> 00:25:01,786
"THE DAWN WAS CLEAR,
WARM, AND BEAUTIFUL.
478
00:25:01,952 --> 00:25:05,414
"AS THE ALMOST COUNTLESS
ENCAMPMENTS WERE BROKEN UP,
479
00:25:05,581 --> 00:25:08,959
"WITH BANDS IN ALL DIRECTIONS
PLAYING LIVELY AIRS,
480
00:25:09,126 --> 00:25:10,586
"BANNERS WAVING,
481
00:25:10,753 --> 00:25:14,882
"REGIMENTS, BRIGADES,
AND DIVISIONS FALLING INTO LINE.
482
00:25:15,049 --> 00:25:17,843
"THE SCENE, EVEN TO EYES
LONG FAMILIAR
483
00:25:18,010 --> 00:25:20,221
"WITH MILITARY DISPLAYS,
484
00:25:20,387 --> 00:25:23,933
WAS ONE OF UNUSUAL GRANDEUR."
485
00:25:24,100 --> 00:25:26,560
CHAPLAIN A.M. STEWART.
486
00:25:28,312 --> 00:25:30,856
Narrator: LEE'S 60,000 MEN
WERE WAITING FOR GRANT
487
00:25:31,023 --> 00:25:33,317
IN THE TANGLED THICKET
KNOWN AS THE WILDERNESS,
488
00:25:33,484 --> 00:25:35,069
IN WHICH THEY HAD TRAPPED
THE SAME ARMY
489
00:25:35,236 --> 00:25:38,572
UNDER JOSEPH HOOKER
ONLYAYEAR BEFORE.
490
00:25:38,739 --> 00:25:41,700
Man: "COVERED BYA DENSE FOREST
491
00:25:41,867 --> 00:25:45,204
"ALMOST IMPENETRABLE BY TROOPS
IN LINE OF BATTLE,
492
00:25:45,371 --> 00:25:46,831
"THE UNDERGROWTH WAS 80 HEAVY
493
00:25:46,997 --> 00:25:49,542
"THAT IT WAS SCARCELY POSSIBLE
TO SEE MORE THAN 100 YARDS
494
00:25:49,708 --> 00:25:51,377
"IN ANY DIRECTION.
495
00:25:51,544 --> 00:25:53,379
"THE MOVEMENTS OF THE ENEMY
COULD NOT BE OBSERVED
496
00:25:53,546 --> 00:25:57,758
UNTIL THE LINES
WERE ALMOST IN COLLISION."
497
00:25:57,925 --> 00:25:59,552
Narrator: ADVANCE UNITS
OF THE UNION ARMY
498
00:25:59,718 --> 00:26:02,847
CAMPED FOR THE NIGHT ON THE OLD
CHANCELLORSVILLE BATTLEFIELD,
499
00:26:03,013 --> 00:26:08,060
WHERE WINTER RAINS HAD
WASHED OPEN THE SHALLOW GRAVES.
500
00:26:09,562 --> 00:26:12,231
Man: "IN GLADES
THEY MEET SKULL AFTER SKULL
501
00:26:12,398 --> 00:26:14,650
"WHERE PINE CONES LAY--
502
00:26:14,817 --> 00:26:17,903
"THE RUSTED GUN,
GREEN SHOES FULL OF BONES,
503
00:26:18,070 --> 00:26:21,240
"THE MOLDERING COAT
AND CUDDLED-UP SKELETON.
504
00:26:21,407 --> 00:26:24,118
"AND SCORES OF SUCH.
505
00:26:24,285 --> 00:26:26,537
"SOME START AS IN DREAMS,
506
00:26:26,704 --> 00:26:29,081
"AND COMRADES LOST BEMOAN.
507
00:26:29,248 --> 00:26:33,502
"BY THE EDGE OF THESE WILDS,
STONEWALL HAD CHARGED,
508
00:26:33,669 --> 00:26:37,047
BUT THE YEAR AND THE MAN
WERE GONE."
509
00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:45,431
Different man: "IT GREW DARK,
AND WE BUILTA FIRE.
510
00:26:45,598 --> 00:26:47,683
"THE DEAD
WERE ALL AROUND US.
511
00:26:47,850 --> 00:26:52,229
"THEIR EYELESS SKULLS
SEEMED TO STARE STEADILY AT US.
512
00:26:52,396 --> 00:26:57,109
THE TREES SWAYED AND SIGHED
GENTLY IN THE SOFT WIND."
513
00:26:57,276 --> 00:26:59,236
PRIVATE FRANK WILKESON.
514
00:27:00,821 --> 00:27:02,948
CANNON FIRE
515
00:27:03,115 --> 00:27:04,491
SHOUTING
516
00:27:04,658 --> 00:27:07,786
Narrator: THE BATTLE OF
THE WILDERNESS BEGAN IN CHAOS.
517
00:27:07,953 --> 00:27:11,790
UNITS GOT LOST,
FIRED ON THEIR OWN COMRADES.
518
00:27:11,957 --> 00:27:14,543
OFFICERS TRIED TO NAVIGATE
BY COMPASS.
519
00:27:24,762 --> 00:27:27,473
BUGLE BLOWING
520
00:27:27,640 --> 00:27:28,933
BUT ON THE SECOND DAY,
521
00:27:29,099 --> 00:27:31,352
UNION FORCES DROVE THROUGH
THE CONFEDERATE CENTER.
522
00:27:31,518 --> 00:27:34,313
AS A WORRIED LEE WATCHED,
523
00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:38,609
GENERAL JOHN GREGG'S TEXANS
HURRIED TO PLUG UP THE HOLE.
524
00:27:38,776 --> 00:27:41,445
Man: "SCARCE HAD WE MOVED A STEP
525
00:27:41,612 --> 00:27:43,989
"WHEN GENERAL LEE,
IN FRONT OF THE WHOLE COMMAND,
526
00:27:44,156 --> 00:27:47,785
"RAISED HIMSELF IN HIS STIRRUPS,
UNCOVERED HIS GRAY HAIRS,
527
00:27:47,952 --> 00:27:49,828
"AND WITH AN EARNEST VOICE
EXCLAIMED,
528
00:27:49,995 --> 00:27:52,706
TEXANS ALWAYS MOVE THEM. "
529
00:28:00,381 --> 00:28:03,592
Different man: "NEVER
BEFORE IN MY LIFETIME DID
I EVER SEE SUCH ASCENE
530
00:28:03,759 --> 00:28:07,221
"AS WAS ENACTED
WHEN LEE PRONOUNCED THESE WORDS.
531
00:28:07,388 --> 00:28:08,555
"AYELL RENT THE AIR
532
00:28:08,722 --> 00:28:11,350
"THAT MUST HAVE BEEN HEARD
FOR MILES AROUND.
533
00:28:11,517 --> 00:28:13,102
"A COURIER RIDING
BY MY SIDE,
534
00:28:13,269 --> 00:28:16,188
"WITH TEARS COURSING
DOWN HIS CHEEKS, EXCLAIMED,
535
00:28:16,355 --> 00:28:20,693
I WOULD CHARGE HELL ITSELF
FOR THAT OLD MAN. "
536
00:28:20,859 --> 00:28:24,905
Narrator: THE TEXANS
HELD THE POSITION
UNTIL REINFORCEMENTS CAME.
537
00:28:25,072 --> 00:28:27,324
BY THE END OF THE DAY,
538
00:28:27,491 --> 00:28:29,285
THE CONFEDERATES HAD SMASHED
GRANT'S RIGHT,
539
00:28:29,451 --> 00:28:31,996
SEIZED TWO GENERALS
AND 600 PRISONERS,
540
00:28:32,162 --> 00:28:34,915
AND COME CLOSE TO CUTTING
THE UNION SUPPLY LINE.
541
00:28:44,466 --> 00:28:49,471
GRANT RECEIVED THESE REPORTS
WITHOUT COMMENT.
542
00:28:49,638 --> 00:28:51,432
Foote: RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE
OF THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS,
543
00:28:51,598 --> 00:28:53,058
ALL STAFF MEN
WHO HAD BEEN FIGHTING
544
00:28:53,225 --> 00:28:54,226
IN THE EAST ALL THIS TIME--
545
00:28:54,393 --> 00:28:56,061
AND HE HAD JUST COME
FROM THE WEST--
546
00:28:56,228 --> 00:28:58,355
KEPT TALKING ABOUT
BOBBY LEE, BOBBY LEE.
547
00:28:58,522 --> 00:28:59,857
HE WILL DO THIS
AND DO THAT OTHER,
548
00:29:00,024 --> 00:29:01,150
AND GRANT FINALLY TOLD THEM,
549
00:29:01,317 --> 00:29:02,735
"I'M TIRED OF HEARING
ABOUT BOBBY LEE.
550
00:29:02,901 --> 00:29:04,403
"YOU'D THINK HE WAS GOING
TO DO A DOUBLE SOMERSAULT
551
00:29:04,570 --> 00:29:05,946
"AND LAND IN OUR REAR.
552
00:29:06,113 --> 00:29:07,656
"QUIT THINKING ABOUT
WHAT HE'S GOING TO DO TO YOU
553
00:29:07,823 --> 00:29:09,116
"AND THINK ABOUT WHAT
YOU'RE GOING TO DO TO HIM.
554
00:29:09,283 --> 00:29:10,868
BRING SOME GUNS UP HERE."
555
00:29:11,035 --> 00:29:12,036
THINGS LIKE THAT.
556
00:29:12,202 --> 00:29:14,246
GRANT'S, UH--HE'S WONDERFUL.
557
00:29:14,413 --> 00:29:19,376
THE WILDERNESS IS PROBABLY NOT
THE BLOODIEST BATTLE IN THE WAR,
558
00:29:19,543 --> 00:29:25,341
BUT THE MOST TERRIBLE BATTLE
IN THE WAR IN MANY WAYS.
559
00:29:25,507 --> 00:29:27,926
GRANT IN TWO DAYS
LOSES MORE MEN
560
00:29:28,093 --> 00:29:30,512
THAN HOOKER DID--D|D
AT CHANCELLORSVILLE.
561
00:29:30,679 --> 00:29:34,099
BUT IN THE WILDERNESS,
562
00:29:34,266 --> 00:29:38,729
THE LEAVES FROM THE PREVIOUS
YEAR COVER THE GROUND,
563
00:29:38,896 --> 00:29:41,482
AND USING THE TYPE OF WEAPON
THEY USED IN THE CIVIL WAR,
564
00:29:41,648 --> 00:29:45,986
YOU HAVE LOTS OF LINT
AND LINEN SMOLDERING,
565
00:29:46,153 --> 00:29:48,739
FALLING INTO THE LEAVES,
566
00:29:48,906 --> 00:29:52,493
AND IT WILL SET
THESE LEAVES AFIRE,
567
00:29:52,659 --> 00:29:58,123
AND MEN WHO'VE BEEN SHOT BADLY
THROUGH THE BOWELS,
568
00:29:58,290 --> 00:30:00,542
WITH BROKEN LEGS,
569
00:30:00,709 --> 00:30:01,960
WILL NOT BE ABLE TO MOVE
570
00:30:02,127 --> 00:30:04,546
AS THE FIRE STARTS BURNING
TOWARD THEM,
571
00:30:04,713 --> 00:30:09,718
AND LARGE NUMBERS OF WOUNDED MEN
WILL PERISH IN THE FLAMES.
572
00:30:09,885 --> 00:30:11,929
FIRE CRACKLING
573
00:30:12,096 --> 00:30:14,640
Narrator: GRANT'S FIRST MOVE
HAD BEEN A DISASTER.
574
00:30:14,807 --> 00:30:17,976
THE WILDERNESS HAD COST
17,000 MEN.
575
00:30:18,143 --> 00:30:22,106
THAT NIGHT, BRUSH FIRES
RAGED THROUGH THE WOODS.
576
00:30:22,272 --> 00:30:25,692
200 WOUNDED FEDERAL SOLDIERS
BURNED ALIVE
577
00:30:25,859 --> 00:30:30,906
WHILE THE ENTRENCHED ARMIES
LISTENED TO THEIR SCREAMS.
578
00:30:31,073 --> 00:30:34,993
Woman: "I AM HOLDING
MY BREATH IN AWE AT
THE VASTNESS OF THE SHADOW
579
00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:38,914
"THAT FLOATS LIKE A PALL
OVER OUR HEADS.
580
00:30:39,081 --> 00:30:43,419
"IT IS COME THAT MAN HAS NO
LONGER AN INDIVIDUAL EXISTENCE,
581
00:30:43,585 --> 00:30:48,590
BUT IS COUNTED IN THOUSANDS
AND MEASURED IN MILES."
582
00:30:48,757 --> 00:30:50,759
CLARA BARTON.
583
00:30:50,926 --> 00:30:53,011
Narrator: IN THE WILDERNESS,
584
00:30:53,178 --> 00:30:57,433
SURGEONS AMPUTATED LIMBS WITHOUT
LETUP FOR MORE THAN 100 HOURS
585
00:30:57,599 --> 00:31:02,062
AND SENT BACK BEHIND THE LINES
2,000 WOUNDED MEN EACH DAY.
586
00:31:02,229 --> 00:31:05,899
Man: "AS AWOUNDED MAN
WAS LIFTED ON THE TABLE,
587
00:31:06,066 --> 00:31:10,028
"OFTEN SHRIEKING WITH PAIN
AS THE ATTENDANTS HANDLED HIM,
588
00:31:10,195 --> 00:31:12,156
"THE SURGEON QUICKLY
EXAMINED THE WOUND
589
00:31:12,322 --> 00:31:15,534
"AND RESOLVED UPON
CUTTING OFF THE WOUNDED LIMB.
590
00:31:15,701 --> 00:31:17,619
"SOME ETHER WAS ADMINISTERED.
591
00:31:17,786 --> 00:31:20,164
"THE SURGEON SNATCHED HIS KNIFE
FROM BETWEEN HIS TEETH,
592
00:31:20,330 --> 00:31:22,124
"WIPED IT RAPIDLY
ONCE OR TWICE
593
00:31:22,291 --> 00:31:24,501
"ACROSS HIS
BLOODSTAINED APRON,
594
00:31:24,668 --> 00:31:26,128
"AND THE CUTTING BEGAN.
595
00:31:26,295 --> 00:31:29,715
"THE OPERATION ACCOMPLISHED,
596
00:31:29,882 --> 00:31:32,384
"THE SURGEON WOULD LOOK AROUND
WITH A DEEP SIGH
597
00:31:32,551 --> 00:31:34,178
"AND THEN...
598
00:31:34,344 --> 00:31:35,554
NEXT. "
599
00:31:35,721 --> 00:31:37,931
CARL SCHURZ.
600
00:31:39,808 --> 00:31:43,645
Different man: "THE WILDERNESS
WAS A USELESS BATTLE
601
00:31:43,812 --> 00:31:49,109
FOUGHT WITH GREAT LOSS
AND NO RESULT."
602
00:31:49,276 --> 00:31:50,944
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
603
00:31:53,405 --> 00:31:55,324
GRANT, IN THE WILDERNESS--
604
00:31:55,491 --> 00:31:57,117
AFTER THAT FIRST NIGHT
IN THE WILDERNESS--
605
00:31:57,284 --> 00:32:00,954
WENT TO HIS TENT,
BROKE DOWN, AND CRIED VERY HARD.
606
00:32:01,121 --> 00:32:03,290
UH, SOME
OF THE STAFF MEMBERS SAID
607
00:32:03,457 --> 00:32:05,751
THEY'D NEVER SEEN A MAN
80 UNSTRUNG,
608
00:32:05,918 --> 00:32:07,920
BUT HE DIDN'T CRY
UNTIL THE BATTLE WAS OVER,
609
00:32:08,086 --> 00:32:10,964
AND HE WASN'T CRYING
WHEN IT BEGAN AGAIN NEXT DAY.
610
00:32:11,131 --> 00:32:12,883
BUGLE BLOWING
611
00:32:13,050 --> 00:32:14,134
Narrator: WHAT WAS
DIFFERENT ABOUT GRANT
612
00:32:14,301 --> 00:32:16,637
BECAME CLEAR THE NEXT MORNING
613
00:32:16,803 --> 00:32:19,139
WHEN HE GAVE THE ORDER
TO MARCH.
614
00:32:19,306 --> 00:32:21,266
FOR THE FIRST TIME
AFTERADEFEAT,
615
00:32:21,433 --> 00:32:24,728
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
WAS MOVING FORWARD.
616
00:32:24,895 --> 00:32:27,606
Man: "MAY 7.
617
00:32:27,773 --> 00:32:30,609
"IF WE WERE UNDER
ANY OTHER GENERAL EXCEPT GRANT,
618
00:32:30,776 --> 00:32:32,528
"| SHOULD EXPECTA RETREAT,
619
00:32:32,694 --> 00:32:35,656
BUT GRANT IS NOT
THAT KIND OF SOLDIER."
620
00:32:35,822 --> 00:32:37,908
ELISHA HUNT RHODES.
621
00:32:38,075 --> 00:32:41,203
SHOUTING
622
00:32:41,370 --> 00:32:44,081
Narrator: "OUR SPIRITS ROSE,"
ONE UNION MAN REMEMBERED.
623
00:32:44,248 --> 00:32:47,584
"WE MARCHED FREE.
THE MEN BEGAN TO SING."
624
00:32:47,751 --> 00:32:52,339
"ULYSSES," ANOTHER SOLDIER SAID,
"DON'T SCARE WORTH A DAMN."
625
00:33:05,227 --> 00:33:08,355
Man: "GENERAL GRANT
IS NOT GOING TO RETREAT.
626
00:33:08,522 --> 00:33:11,400
"HE WILL MOVE HIS ARMY
TO SPOTSYLVANIA.
627
00:33:11,567 --> 00:33:13,193
"I'M SO SURE
OF HIS NEXT MOVE
628
00:33:13,360 --> 00:33:17,281
THAT I HAVE ALREADY MADE
ARRANGEMENTS."
629
00:33:17,447 --> 00:33:18,907
HE KNEW WHAT GRANT
WAS GOING TO DO
630
00:33:19,074 --> 00:33:20,909
BECAUSE HE COULD
MAKE HIMSELF GRANT
631
00:33:21,076 --> 00:33:22,202
FOR LONG ENOUGH
TO FIGURE OUT
632
00:33:22,369 --> 00:33:25,372
WHAT GRANT WOULD DO
IN A SITUATION.
633
00:33:25,539 --> 00:33:29,293
WHEN, UH, THEY FIRED, LET'S SEE,
FIVE OR SIX GENERALS
634
00:33:29,459 --> 00:33:31,420
BEFORE THEY GOT TO GRANT,
635
00:33:31,587 --> 00:33:33,422
AND BY THE TIME
THEY LET MCCLELLAN GO,
636
00:33:33,589 --> 00:33:36,758
LEE SAID, "I'M AFRAID THEY'RE
GONNA KEEP MAKING THESE CHANGES
637
00:33:36,925 --> 00:33:41,763
UNTIL THEY GET SOMEONE
I DON'T UNDERSTAND."
638
00:33:41,930 --> 00:33:44,266
UH, THEY NEVER GOT ANYONE
HE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND,
639
00:33:44,433 --> 00:33:46,268
BUT, UH, THEY FINALLY GOT GRANT,
640
00:33:46,435 --> 00:33:48,353
WHO KNEW HOW TO WHIP HIM
AND DID.
641
00:33:52,524 --> 00:33:53,900
Narrator: IN THE FIRST YEARS
OF THE WAR,
642
00:33:54,067 --> 00:33:56,361
BATTLE WAS BLOODY
BUT SPORADIC.
643
00:33:56,528 --> 00:34:00,115
FROM NOW ON, IT WOULD BE WAGED
WITHOUT A BREAK.
644
00:34:00,282 --> 00:34:01,783
FROM THE WILDERNESS
TO COLD HARBOR,
645
00:34:01,950 --> 00:34:05,454
IT WOULD NOT STOP
FOR 30 DAYS.
646
00:34:05,621 --> 00:34:07,372
IT WAS, ONE SOLDIER WROTE,
647
00:34:07,539 --> 00:34:08,707
"LIVING NIGHT AND DAY
648
00:34:08,874 --> 00:34:11,627
WITHIN THE VALLEY
OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH."
649
00:34:13,045 --> 00:34:16,548
Group: OUR FATHER,
WHO ART IN HEAVEN...
650
00:34:16,715 --> 00:34:18,425
Woman: "MAY 8.
651
00:34:18,592 --> 00:34:21,219
"THE DREADFUL WORK
IS BEGINNING AGAIN.
652
00:34:21,386 --> 00:34:23,472
"JOHN L. MILLER,
MY COUSIN,
653
00:34:23,639 --> 00:34:26,391
"KILLED AT THE HEAD
OF HIS REGIMENT.
654
00:34:26,558 --> 00:34:29,144
"THE BLOWS NOW FALL SO FAST
ON OUR HEADS,
655
00:34:29,311 --> 00:34:31,772
IT IS BEWILDERING."
656
00:34:31,938 --> 00:34:33,899
MARY CHESNUT.
657
00:34:34,066 --> 00:34:35,400
Group: BUT DELIVER US FROM EVIL.
658
00:34:35,567 --> 00:34:37,527
CANNON FIRE, SHOUTING
659
00:34:44,242 --> 00:34:45,827
Narrator: AT SPOTSYLVANIA,
660
00:34:45,994 --> 00:34:50,499
THE TWO ARMIES MAULED EACH OTHER
FOR DAYS WITHOUT GAINING GROUND.
661
00:34:51,958 --> 00:34:54,211
IT WAS THE MOST
RELENTLESS EXCHANGE OF FIRE
662
00:34:54,378 --> 00:34:57,047
IN THE HISTORY OF WARFARE
UP TO THAT TIME.
663
00:35:00,926 --> 00:35:02,803
SOME MEN WERE HIT
BY SO MANY BULLETS
664
00:35:02,969 --> 00:35:06,223
THAT THEIR BODIES
FELL APART.
665
00:35:06,390 --> 00:35:08,850
A UNION VETERAN REMEMBERED IT
666
00:35:09,017 --> 00:35:12,396
SIMPLY AS "THE MOST TERRIBLE DAY
I HAVE EVER LIVED."
667
00:35:17,359 --> 00:35:20,487
Men: "THE ENEMY'S DEAD
WERE PILED UPON EACH OTHER
668
00:35:20,654 --> 00:35:22,572
"IN FRONT
OF THE CAPTURED BREASTWORKS,
669
00:35:22,739 --> 00:35:25,867
"IN SOME PLACES
FOUR LAYERS DEEP.
670
00:35:26,034 --> 00:35:31,039
"BELOW THE MASS
OF FAST-DECAYING CORPSES,
671
00:35:31,206 --> 00:35:33,583
"THE CONVULSIVE TWITCHING
OF LIMBS SHOWED
672
00:35:33,750 --> 00:35:37,087
"THAT THERE WERE WOUNDED MEN
STILL ALIVE.
673
00:35:37,254 --> 00:35:41,425
THE PLACE WAS WELL NAMED
THE BLOODYANGLE."
674
00:35:48,056 --> 00:35:51,560
Narrator: THE TWO ARMIES LOST
ANOTHER 20,000 MEN.
675
00:35:59,901 --> 00:36:03,530
Man: "MAY 12th,
YELLOW TAVERN, VIRGINIA.
676
00:36:03,697 --> 00:36:07,284
GENERAL JEB STUART KILLED."
677
00:36:12,706 --> 00:36:14,332
Narrator: WHEN LEE GOT THE NEWS,
HE SAID,
678
00:36:14,499 --> 00:36:17,711
"I CAN SCARCELY THINK OF HIM
WITHOUT WEEPING."
679
00:36:22,007 --> 00:36:25,093
HOOFBEATS
680
00:36:25,260 --> 00:36:26,845
MAN SHOUTS
681
00:36:27,012 --> 00:36:29,014
HORSE NEIGHS
682
00:36:29,181 --> 00:36:31,516
AGAIN AND AGAIN,
LEE ANTICIPATED GRANT,
683
00:36:31,683 --> 00:36:34,686
AND AGAIN AND AGAIN, THE UNION
COMMANDER SKIRTED SOUTH AND EAST
684
00:36:34,853 --> 00:36:36,229
IN ASEMICIRCLE,
685
00:36:36,396 --> 00:36:39,441
THE TWO ARMIES LOCKED IN
A BRUTAL, CLUMSY STRANGLEHOLD
686
00:36:39,608 --> 00:36:43,737
AS THE BATTLE LINES LURCHED
TOWARD RICHMOND.
687
00:36:43,904 --> 00:36:46,823
Man: "WE MUST DESTROY
THIS ARMY OF GRANT'S
688
00:36:46,990 --> 00:36:49,284
"BEFORE HE GETS
TO THE JAMES.
689
00:36:49,451 --> 00:36:52,704
"IF HE GETS THERE,
IT WILL BECOMEASIEGE,
690
00:36:52,871 --> 00:36:56,124
AND THEN IT WILL BE
A MERE QUESTION OF TIME."
691
00:36:56,291 --> 00:36:58,919
Different man: "MAY 11th.
692
00:36:59,085 --> 00:37:02,881
"WE HAVE NOW ENDED THE SIXTH DAY
OF VERY HEAVY FIGHTING,
693
00:37:03,048 --> 00:37:06,760
"AND THE RESULT UP TO THIS TIME
IS MUCH IN OUR FAVOR.
694
00:37:06,927 --> 00:37:09,554
"I PROPOSE TO FIGHT IT OUT
ON THIS LINE,
695
00:37:09,721 --> 00:37:12,432
IF IT TAKES ALL SUMMER."
696
00:37:12,599 --> 00:37:16,102
Narrator: GRANT CONTINUED
HIS STUBBORN FLANKING MANEUVERS
697
00:37:16,269 --> 00:37:18,104
IN AN ATTEMPT
TO GET AROUND LEE'S RIGHT
698
00:37:18,271 --> 00:37:20,273
AND MOVE ON RICHMOND.
699
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:22,901
EXPLOSIONS
700
00:37:26,029 --> 00:37:28,657
HE DID IT WITH
SUPERIOR NUMBERS AND DOGGEDNESS,
701
00:37:28,824 --> 00:37:30,867
KEPT GOING,
MOVE BY THE LEFT FLANK,
702
00:37:31,034 --> 00:37:33,745
MOVE BY THE LEFT FLANK,
MOVE BY THE LEFT FLANK,
703
00:37:33,912 --> 00:37:35,205
AND LEE'S BACKING UP
THE WHOLE TIME,
704
00:37:35,372 --> 00:37:37,624
LOSING MEN
THAT HE COULDN'T REPLACE.
705
00:37:37,791 --> 00:37:40,502
Man: "MAY 15, 1864.
706
00:37:40,669 --> 00:37:43,004
"DEAR EMILY,
THE PAPERS MUST HAVE TOLD YOU
707
00:37:43,171 --> 00:37:45,006
"THAT WE HAVE BEEN
FIGHTING A LITTLE.
708
00:37:45,173 --> 00:37:49,010
"OUR CORPS HAS ONLY 12,000 LEFT
OUT OF 27,000.
709
00:37:49,177 --> 00:37:53,723
"UNCLE ROBERT E. LEE
ISN'T LICKED YET BY A LONG SHOT,
710
00:37:53,890 --> 00:37:57,686
"AND IF WE ARE NOT MIGHTY
CAREFUL, HE'LL BEAT US.
711
00:37:57,853 --> 00:38:02,399
"I THINK WE HAVE DONE VERY WELL
TO AVOID THAT FATE SO FAR.
712
00:38:02,566 --> 00:38:04,651
"TOMORROW WE HAVE
ANOTHER BATTLE.
713
00:38:04,818 --> 00:38:08,947
I DON'T THINK
IT WILL AMOUNT TO MUCH."
714
00:38:09,114 --> 00:38:11,157
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
715
00:38:11,324 --> 00:38:16,538
Narrator: GRANT AND LEE
NOW RACED FOR A CROSSROADS
CALLED COLD HARBOR
716
00:38:16,705 --> 00:38:19,666
NEAR THE CHICKAHOMINY RIVER.
717
00:38:19,833 --> 00:38:22,627
AGAIN, LEE GOT THERE FIRST
AND ORDERED HIS MEN TO DIG IN
718
00:38:22,794 --> 00:38:26,381
AND PREPARE FOR THE ALL-OUT
ASSAULT HE KNEW WOULD FOLLOW.
719
00:38:29,801 --> 00:38:32,304
AS THEY SETTLED DOWN
FOR THE NIGHT ON JUNE 2nd,
720
00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:36,433
VETERANS ON THE UNION SIDE
SENSED WHAT WAS COMING.
721
00:38:36,600 --> 00:38:39,853
Man: "THE MEN WERE CALMLY
WRITING THEIR NAMES
AND HOME ADDRESSES
722
00:38:40,020 --> 00:38:41,521
"ON SLIPS OF PAPER
723
00:38:41,688 --> 00:38:44,190
"AND PINNING THEM
TO THE BACKS OF THEIR COATS
724
00:38:44,357 --> 00:38:46,943
"SO THAT THEIR BODIES
MIGHT BE RECOGNIZED
725
00:38:47,110 --> 00:38:51,281
AND THEIR FATE MADE KNOWN
TO THEIR FAMILIES AT HOME."
726
00:38:51,448 --> 00:38:53,575
GENERAL HORACE PORTER.
727
00:38:55,535 --> 00:38:58,622
BUGLE BLOWING
728
00:38:58,788 --> 00:39:02,334
Narrator: WHEN THE BUGLES BLEW
FOR THE ATTACK AT 4:30 AM,
729
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:06,796
60,000 UNION MEN STARTED
TOWARD THE UNSEEN ENEMY.
730
00:39:06,963 --> 00:39:09,215
THE BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR
HAD BEGUN.
731
00:39:09,382 --> 00:39:11,051
CANNON FIRE
732
00:39:11,217 --> 00:39:13,720
Man: "I HAD SEEN THE DREADFUL
CARNAGE IN FRONT OF MARYE'S HILL
733
00:39:13,887 --> 00:39:15,221
"AT FREDERICKSBURG,
734
00:39:15,388 --> 00:39:20,143
"BUT I HAD SEEN NOTHING
TO EXCEED THIS.
735
00:39:20,310 --> 00:39:22,771
IT WAS NOT WAR.
IT WAS MURDER."
736
00:39:32,322 --> 00:39:34,866
Foote: THOSE WERE MEN WHO
KNEW HOW TO TAKE A POSITION
737
00:39:35,033 --> 00:39:36,952
WHERE YOU COULD DO
THE MOST KILLING FROM.
738
00:39:37,118 --> 00:39:38,244
WHEN THAT WHOLE ARMY
WAS LINED UP,
739
00:39:38,411 --> 00:39:39,579
THEY'RE WAITING AND HOPING
740
00:39:39,746 --> 00:39:41,414
AND PRAYING SOMETHING
WOULD COME AT THEM,
741
00:39:41,581 --> 00:39:45,293
AND GRANT THREW THREE CORPS
AT THEM,
742
00:39:45,460 --> 00:39:50,256
AND IN APPROXIMATELY 7 MINUTES,
THEY SHOT ABOUT 7,000 MEN DOWN.
743
00:39:50,423 --> 00:39:52,592
IT WAS A BLOODY MESS.
744
00:39:52,759 --> 00:39:58,264
IT'S THE ONLY THING GRANT EVER
ADMITTED THAT HE'D DONE WRONG.
745
00:39:58,431 --> 00:40:00,558
Man: "I'VE ALWAYS REGRETTED
746
00:40:00,725 --> 00:40:05,063
"THAT THE LAST ASSAULT
AT COLD HARBOR WAS EVER MADE.
747
00:40:05,230 --> 00:40:06,898
"NO ADVANTAGE WHATEVER
WAS GAINED
748
00:40:07,065 --> 00:40:10,318
TO COMPENSATE FOR
THE HEAVY LOSS WE SUSTAINED."
749
00:40:15,782 --> 00:40:17,701
Narrator: WHEN ANOTHER ASSAULT
WAS SUGGESTED,
750
00:40:17,867 --> 00:40:20,704
UNION OFFICERS
REJECTED THE IDEA OUTRIGHT.
751
00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:24,249
"I WILL NOT TAKE MY REGIMENT
IN ANOTHER SUCH CHARGE,"
752
00:40:24,416 --> 00:40:26,126
SAID A NEW HAMPSHIRE CAPTAIN,
753
00:40:26,292 --> 00:40:28,878
"IF JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF
SHOULD ORDER IT."
754
00:40:32,632 --> 00:40:34,467
AFTER THE BATTLE,
755
00:40:34,634 --> 00:40:37,095
THE DIARY OF AYOUNG
MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER
756
00:40:37,262 --> 00:40:40,432
WAS FOUND
SPATTERED WITH BLOOD.
757
00:40:40,598 --> 00:40:42,475
ITS LAST ENTRY READ,
758
00:40:42,642 --> 00:40:47,772
"JUNE 3, 1864,
COLD HARBOR, VIRGINIA.
759
00:40:47,939 --> 00:40:49,649
| WAS KILLED."
760
00:40:59,159 --> 00:41:01,327
Man: "OUR MATTERS HERE
ARE AT A DEADLOCK.
761
00:41:01,494 --> 00:41:03,413
"UNLESS THE REBS
COMMIT SOME GREAT ERROR,
762
00:41:03,580 --> 00:41:06,166
"THEY WILL HOLD US IN CHECK
UNTIL KINGDOM COME.
763
00:41:06,332 --> 00:41:09,669
"WE ARE THOROUGHLY TIRED
AND DISGUSTED.
764
00:41:09,836 --> 00:41:13,006
"THESE TWO ARMIES REMIND ME
VERY MUCH OF TWO SCHOOLBOYS
765
00:41:13,173 --> 00:41:16,217
"TRYING TO STARE EACH OTHER
OUT OF COUNTENANCE.
766
00:41:16,384 --> 00:41:20,221
"EVERYONE KNOWS THAT IF LEE WERE
TO COME OUT OF HIS TRENCHMENTS,
767
00:41:20,388 --> 00:41:21,681
"WE COULD WHIP HIM,
768
00:41:21,848 --> 00:41:24,976
BUT BOB LEE IS A LITTLE
TOO SMART FOR US."
769
00:41:25,143 --> 00:41:27,729
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
770
00:41:27,896 --> 00:41:31,441
Narrator: FROM THE WILDERNESS TO
COLD HARBOR, IN A SINGLE MONTH,
771
00:41:31,608 --> 00:41:34,444
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
HAD LOST 50,000 MEN,
772
00:41:34,611 --> 00:41:38,698
HALF AS MANY AS IT HAD LOST
IN THREE YEARS OF STRUGGLE.
773
00:41:38,865 --> 00:41:42,869
Man: "JUNE 5, 1864.
774
00:41:43,036 --> 00:41:46,081
"OUR PEOPLE LOST
VERY SEVERELY YESTERDAY.
775
00:41:46,247 --> 00:41:48,041
"IN EVERY CALCULATION
THAT WE MAKE,
776
00:41:48,208 --> 00:41:51,377
"WE MAKE OURSELVES OUT
TO BE 20,000 MEN STRONGER,
777
00:41:51,544 --> 00:41:55,006
"YET IN EVERY FIGHT, THEY SHOW
AS MANY MEN AS WE HAVE,
778
00:41:55,173 --> 00:41:57,509
"AND THEY ALWAYS SHOW
AS LONG A LINE AS WE DO
779
00:41:57,675 --> 00:42:00,386
"NO MATTER HOW LONG
WE MAKE OURS.
780
00:42:00,553 --> 00:42:04,224
"JUNE 7, 1864.
781
00:42:04,390 --> 00:42:05,892
"ANOTHER ONE OF
MY BEST FRIENDS IN THE ARMY
782
00:42:06,059 --> 00:42:08,228
"HAS BEEN KILLED.
783
00:42:08,394 --> 00:42:13,108
ONE GOES AFTER THE OTHER
WITH PERFECT REGULARITY."
784
00:42:16,486 --> 00:42:19,989
Woman: "GRANT DOESN'T
CARE ASNAP IF MEN FALL
LIKE THE LEAVES FALL.
785
00:42:20,156 --> 00:42:22,242
"HE FIGHTS TO WIN,
THAT CHAP DOES.
786
00:42:22,408 --> 00:42:24,077
"HE HAS THE DISAGREEABLE HABIT
787
00:42:24,244 --> 00:42:28,540
OF NOT RETREATING
BEFORE IRRESISTIBLE VETERANS."
788
00:42:28,706 --> 00:42:30,333
MARY CHESNUT.
789
00:42:32,252 --> 00:42:35,338
Man: "HE KEEPS HIS OWN COUNSEL,
PADLOCKS HIS MOUTH,
790
00:42:35,505 --> 00:42:37,799
"WHILE HIS COUNTENANCE
INDICATES NOTHING--
791
00:42:37,966 --> 00:42:40,176
"THAT IS, GIVES NO EXPRESSION
OF HIS FEELINGS
792
00:42:40,343 --> 00:42:43,680
"AND NO EVIDENCE
OF HIS INTENTIONS.
793
00:42:43,847 --> 00:42:45,515
"HE SMOKES ALMOST CONSTANTLY
794
00:42:45,682 --> 00:42:48,852
"AND HAS A HABIT OF WHITTLING
WITH A SMALL KNIFE,
795
00:42:49,018 --> 00:42:51,646
"CUTTING A SMALL STICK
INTO SMALL CHIPS,
796
00:42:51,813 --> 00:42:55,191
MAKING NOTHING."
797
00:42:55,358 --> 00:42:56,609
Woman: "GRANT IS A BUTCHER
798
00:42:56,776 --> 00:42:59,279
"AND NOT FIT
TO BE AT THE HEAD OF AN ARMY.
799
00:42:59,445 --> 00:43:02,615
"HE LOSES TWO MEN
TO THE ENEMY'S ONE.
800
00:43:02,782 --> 00:43:05,994
"HE HAS NO MANAGEMENT,
NO REGARD FOR LIFE.
801
00:43:06,161 --> 00:43:09,956
I COULD FIGHT AN ARMY
AS WELL MYSELF."
802
00:43:10,123 --> 00:43:11,666
MARY LINCOLN.
803
00:43:15,962 --> 00:43:20,091
Narrator: WHEN SEVERAL
OF LEE'S OFFICERS DENOUNCED
GRANT AS ABUTCHER,
804
00:43:20,258 --> 00:43:22,010
LEE QUIETED THEM.
805
00:43:22,177 --> 00:43:25,096
"I THINK GRANT HAS MANAGED
HIS AFFAIRS REMARKABLY WELL
806
00:43:25,263 --> 00:43:27,640
UP TO THE PRESENT TIME,"
HE SAID.
807
00:43:27,807 --> 00:43:30,101
GRANT KEPT MOVING.
808
00:43:30,268 --> 00:43:31,144
HE SLIPPED HIS ARMY
809
00:43:31,311 --> 00:43:32,187
OUT OF HIS TRENCHES,
810
00:43:32,353 --> 00:43:33,479
CROSSED THE CHICKAHOMINY,
811
00:43:33,646 --> 00:43:35,356
FEINTED TOWARD RICHMOND,
812
00:43:35,523 --> 00:43:36,524
THEN SHIFTED LEFT AGAIN
813
00:43:36,691 --> 00:43:38,985
TO THE JAMES RIVER.
814
00:43:39,152 --> 00:43:40,820
HIS TARGET NOW WAS PETERSBURG--
815
00:43:40,987 --> 00:43:42,655
SOUTH OF
THE CONFEDERATE CAPITAL--
816
00:43:42,822 --> 00:43:44,782
WHERE HE HOPED TO CUT OFF
LEE'S SUPPLIES
817
00:43:44,949 --> 00:43:48,244
AND DESTROY THE ARMY
OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA.
818
00:43:48,411 --> 00:43:53,041
FOR THE FIRST TIME, LEE
MISJUDGED GRANT'S INTENTIONS,
819
00:43:53,208 --> 00:43:56,169
RUSHING MUCH OF HIS ARMY
TO THE OUTSKIRTS OF RICHMOND
820
00:43:56,336 --> 00:43:59,672
TO MEET AN ATTACK
GRANT DID NOT PLAN TO MAKE.
821
00:43:59,839 --> 00:44:03,343
INSTEAD, UNION ENGINEERS
LAID A PONTOON BRIDGE
822
00:44:03,509 --> 00:44:06,638
ALL THE WAY ACROSS THE JAMES
IN JUST EIGHT HOURS.
823
00:44:10,225 --> 00:44:11,851
ON JUNE 12th,
824
00:44:12,018 --> 00:44:16,022
THE MASSIVE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
BEGAN TO CROSS.
825
00:44:16,189 --> 00:44:18,858
IT TOOK FOUR DAYS.
826
00:44:19,025 --> 00:44:20,902
HOOFBEATS
827
00:44:26,032 --> 00:44:29,494
Man: "GENERAL GRANT,
| BEGIN TO SEE IT.
828
00:44:29,661 --> 00:44:31,746
"YOU WILL SUCCEED.
829
00:44:31,913 --> 00:44:33,539
"GOD BLESS YOU.
830
00:44:33,706 --> 00:44:35,208
A. LINCOLN."
831
00:44:40,546 --> 00:44:44,259
Narrator: 16,000 UNION TROOPS
UNDER GENERAL WILLIAM SMITH
832
00:44:44,425 --> 00:44:46,219
WERE THE FIRST
TO REACH PETERSBURG.
833
00:44:46,386 --> 00:44:47,887
THE CITY WAS DEFENDED
834
00:44:48,054 --> 00:44:51,391
BY FEWER THAN 3,000 CONFEDERATES
UNDER GENERAL BEAUREGARD.
835
00:44:51,557 --> 00:44:53,268
CANNON FIRE
836
00:45:00,775 --> 00:45:02,819
SMITH MOVED SLOWLY
TO THE ATTACK.
837
00:45:02,986 --> 00:45:07,824
REINFORCEMENTS INTENDED
TO AID HIM GOT LOST ON THE WAY.
838
00:45:07,991 --> 00:45:11,202
STILL, HIS LATE-AFTERNOON
ASSAULT MADE PROGRESS.
839
00:45:11,369 --> 00:45:12,662
WHEN NIGHT FELL,
840
00:45:12,829 --> 00:45:16,666
PETERSBURG SEEMED
WITHIN THE UNION'S GRASP.
841
00:45:16,833 --> 00:45:20,837
GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK
URGED A MOONLIGHT ASSAULT,
842
00:45:21,004 --> 00:45:22,380
BUT SMITH BEGGED OFF,
843
00:45:22,547 --> 00:45:24,590
REMEMBERING COLD HARBOR.
844
00:45:24,757 --> 00:45:26,968
DURING THE NIGHT,
845
00:45:27,135 --> 00:45:29,595
CONFEDERATE REINFORCEMENTS
WERE BROUGHT UP.
846
00:45:29,762 --> 00:45:32,849
THE OPPORTUNITY WAS GONE.
847
00:45:34,559 --> 00:45:37,437
Man: "THE RAGE OF THE ENLISTED
MEN WAS DEVILISH.
848
00:45:37,603 --> 00:45:40,356
"THE MOST BLOODCURDLING
BLASPHEMY | EVER LISTENED TO
849
00:45:40,523 --> 00:45:42,317
I HEARD THAT NIGHT."
850
00:45:45,528 --> 00:45:46,738
Narrator: IN JUST SIX WEEKS,
851
00:45:46,904 --> 00:45:49,782
GRANT AND LEE HAD
ALL BUT CRIPPLED EACH OTHER,
852
00:45:49,949 --> 00:45:53,536
AND NOW BOTH ARMIES DUG IN
FORASIEGE.
853
00:45:57,498 --> 00:46:00,460
THE BURROWING WOULD GO ON
FOR 10 MONTHS.
854
00:46:00,626 --> 00:46:03,796
THE MEN LIVED IN A20-MILE
LABYRINTH OF TRENCHES,
855
00:46:03,963 --> 00:46:05,256
PLAGUED BY FLIES,
856
00:46:05,423 --> 00:46:07,925
OPEN TO RAIN
AND THE FIERCE VIRGINIA SUN,
857
00:46:08,092 --> 00:46:10,845
AND EXPOSED TO SHELL
AND MORTAR FIRE.
858
00:46:13,765 --> 00:46:15,266
Man: "NOTHING FOR EXCITEMENT
859
00:46:15,433 --> 00:46:18,311
"EXCEPT THAT A FEW WERE
PICKED OFF BY SHARPSHOOTERS.
860
00:46:18,478 --> 00:46:21,314
"A FEELING PREVAILS
THAT SOONER OR LATER,
861
00:46:21,481 --> 00:46:24,275
THIS EXPERIENCE
WILL BEFALL US ALL."
862
00:46:24,442 --> 00:46:27,153
PRIVATE JOHN W. HALEY.
863
00:46:27,320 --> 00:46:28,988
Man: FIRE!
864
00:46:29,155 --> 00:46:31,115
GUNFIRE
865
00:46:33,659 --> 00:46:35,661
Narrator: COLONEL
JOSHUA LAWRENCE CHAMBERLAIN,
866
00:46:35,828 --> 00:46:37,997
ONE OF THE HEROES
OF GETTYSBURG,
867
00:46:38,164 --> 00:46:41,501
LED HIS REGIMENT
IN AN ASSAULT ON PETERSBURG.
868
00:46:41,667 --> 00:46:43,711
AS HE TURNED
TO RALLY HIS MEN,
869
00:46:43,878 --> 00:46:45,713
ABULLET SMASHED
THROUGH HIS PELVIS,
870
00:46:45,880 --> 00:46:48,633
SEVERED ARTERIES,
NICKED HIS BLADDER.
871
00:46:48,800 --> 00:46:49,842
HE STAYED ON HIS FEET,
872
00:46:50,009 --> 00:46:51,969
LEANING ON HIS SWORD
WITH ONE HAND
873
00:46:52,136 --> 00:46:54,013
AND WAVING HIS MEN ON
WITH THE OTHER
874
00:46:54,180 --> 00:46:56,349
UNTIL THEY HAD
ALL PASSED HIM BY.
875
00:46:56,516 --> 00:46:58,601
THEN HE SANK TO THE GROUND.
876
00:46:58,768 --> 00:47:01,562
DOCTORS DID NOT EXPECT HIM
TO LIVE.
877
00:47:03,398 --> 00:47:04,816
IN TRIBUTE TO HIS COURAGE,
878
00:47:04,982 --> 00:47:08,194
GRANT PROMOTED HIM ON THE FIELD
TO BRIGADIER GENERAL.
879
00:47:08,361 --> 00:47:12,240
CHAMBERLAIN'S OBITUARY APPEARED
IN THE NEWSPAPERS THE NEXT DAY.
880
00:47:23,084 --> 00:47:26,337
Foote: PETERSBURG IS
AMAGNIFICENT SALUTE
881
00:47:26,504 --> 00:47:29,590
TO THE DURABILITY OF MEN
ON BOTH SIDES.
882
00:47:29,757 --> 00:47:31,843
UH, IT WAS JUST--
IT WAS A REHEARSAL
883
00:47:32,009 --> 00:47:34,887
FOR WORLD WAR | TRENCH WARFARE,
884
00:47:35,054 --> 00:47:37,056
AND THEY STOOD UP
VERY WELL TO IT,
885
00:47:37,223 --> 00:47:38,850
BUT THE SOLDIERS ALWAYS DID
IN THAT WAR.
886
00:47:39,016 --> 00:47:43,187
THEY WERE--|T'S, TO US,
AN ALMOST INCREDIBLE BRAVERY,
887
00:47:43,354 --> 00:47:45,356
CONSIDERING THE CASUALTIES.
888
00:47:47,608 --> 00:47:50,695
Man: "JUNE 23, 1864.
889
00:47:50,862 --> 00:47:52,738
"THE DEMAND DOWN HERE
FOR KILLING PURPOSES
890
00:47:52,905 --> 00:47:54,824
"IS FAR AHEAD OF THE SUPPLY.
891
00:47:54,991 --> 00:47:57,785
"THANK GOD, HOWEVER,
FOR THE CONSOLATION
892
00:47:57,952 --> 00:48:01,372
"THAT WHEN THE LAST MAN IS
KILLED, THE WAR WILL BE OVER.
893
00:48:01,539 --> 00:48:04,584
"THIS WAR, YOU KNOW, DIFFERS
FROM ALL PREVIOUS WARS
894
00:48:04,750 --> 00:48:07,253
"IN HAVING NO OBJECT
TO FIGHT FOR.
895
00:48:07,420 --> 00:48:09,130
"IT CAN'T BE FINISHED
896
00:48:09,297 --> 00:48:11,132
"UNTILALL THE MEN
ON EITHER THE ONE SIDE
897
00:48:11,299 --> 00:48:12,717
"OR THE OTHER ARE KILLED.
898
00:48:12,884 --> 00:48:15,595
"BOTH SIDES ARE TRYING
TO DO THAT AS FAST AS THEY CAN
899
00:48:15,761 --> 00:48:18,890
"BECAUSE IT WOULD BE A PITY
TO SPIN THIS AFFAIR OUT
900
00:48:19,056 --> 00:48:21,976
FOR TWO OR THREE YEARS
LONGER."
901
00:48:22,143 --> 00:48:23,769
WASHINGTON ROEBLING.
902
00:48:37,950 --> 00:48:39,785
Woman: "DEAR HENRY,
903
00:48:39,952 --> 00:48:44,790
"I FEEL MORE LONELY AND SAD
THAN I HAVE BEEN IN SOME TIME.
904
00:48:44,957 --> 00:48:46,334
"OH, THAT I KNEW
905
00:48:46,501 --> 00:48:49,712
WHAT THE TERMINATION OF THIS
AWFUL CONFLICT WOULD BE."
906
00:48:52,423 --> 00:48:57,595
"HENRY, I WANT TO SEE YOU,
BUT DON'T YOU COME.
907
00:48:57,762 --> 00:49:02,183
"JOIN FOR THE WAR
IF 'TIS 40 YEARS.
908
00:49:02,350 --> 00:49:07,647
"IF YOU GET KILLED,
'TIS THE MOST HONORABLE DEATH.
909
00:49:07,813 --> 00:49:11,484
"IF YOU ESCAPE,
I WILL REJOICE.
910
00:49:11,651 --> 00:49:13,903
I LOVE THEE STILL."
911
00:49:14,070 --> 00:49:16,197
MOLLIE VANDERBERG.
912
00:49:24,247 --> 00:49:28,084
Man: "OUR BLEEDING, BANKRUPT,
ALMOST DYING COUNTRY
913
00:49:28,251 --> 00:49:30,670
"LONGS FOR PEACE,
914
00:49:30,836 --> 00:49:36,008
"SHUDDERS AT THE PROSPECT OF
FURTHER WHOLESALE DEVASTATION,
915
00:49:36,175 --> 00:49:39,345
OF NEW RIVERS
OF HUMAN BLOOD."
916
00:49:39,512 --> 00:49:41,055
HORACE GREELEY.
917
00:49:55,403 --> 00:49:57,697
Different man: "AT NIGHT,
MY WARD BECAME
918
00:49:57,863 --> 00:50:00,241
"LIKE THE DIM CAVERNS
OF THE CATACOMBS,
919
00:50:00,408 --> 00:50:03,953
"WHERE, INSTEAD OF THE DEAD
IN THEIR FINAL REST,
920
00:50:04,120 --> 00:50:07,206
"THERE WERE WASTED FIGURES
BURNING WITH FEVER
921
00:50:07,373 --> 00:50:10,251
"AND RAVING FROM THE AGONY
OF SPLINTERED BONES,
922
00:50:10,418 --> 00:50:13,296
"TOSSING RESTLESSLY
FROM SIDE TO SIDE
923
00:50:13,462 --> 00:50:17,550
"WITH EVERY ILL, IT SEEMED,
WHICH HUMAN FLESH WAS HEIR TO.
924
00:50:17,717 --> 00:50:18,968
"FROM THE RAFTERS,
925
00:50:19,135 --> 00:50:21,596
"THE FLICKERING OIL LAMP
SWUNG MOURNFULLY,
926
00:50:21,762 --> 00:50:24,557
CASTING A GHASTLY LIGHT."
927
00:50:24,724 --> 00:50:29,103
PRIVATE ALEXANDER HUNTER,
17th VIRGINIA.
928
00:50:31,022 --> 00:50:32,481
Narrator: WHEN THE WAR BEGAN,
929
00:50:32,648 --> 00:50:35,735
THERE WERE ONLYA HANDFUL
OF ARMY HOSPITALS IN THE NORTH.
930
00:50:35,901 --> 00:50:37,612
WHEN IT ENDED,
931
00:50:37,778 --> 00:50:40,072
THE UNION WAS RUNNING
MORE THAN 350,
932
00:50:40,239 --> 00:50:43,409
THE CONFEDERACY, 154.
933
00:50:43,576 --> 00:50:47,330
THERE WERE 16 HOSPITALS
IN WASHINGTON ALONE.
934
00:50:47,496 --> 00:50:48,914
WHEN THESE PROVED
INSUFFICIENT,
935
00:50:49,081 --> 00:50:51,459
MEN WERE CARED FOR
IN THE PATENT OFFICE,
936
00:50:51,626 --> 00:50:55,671
EVEN IN THE HOUSE
AND SENATE CHAMBERS.
937
00:50:55,838 --> 00:51:00,259
HOSPITALS WERE
GIANT WAREHOUSES FOR THE DYING.
938
00:51:00,426 --> 00:51:02,511
THE BIGGEST AND BEST,
NORTH OR SOUTH,
939
00:51:02,678 --> 00:51:04,472
WAS CHIMBORAZO AT RICHMOND,
940
00:51:04,639 --> 00:51:06,140
WITH 8,000 BEDS,
941
00:51:06,307 --> 00:51:09,226
FIVE SOUP KITCHENS,
ICEHOUSES, DAIRY CATTLE,
942
00:51:09,393 --> 00:51:10,853
A HERD OF GOATS,
943
00:51:11,020 --> 00:51:14,273
A BAKERY THAT TURNED OUT
10,000 LOAVES OF BREAD A DAY,
944
00:51:14,440 --> 00:51:16,984
AND A 400-KEG BREWERY.
945
00:51:23,032 --> 00:51:25,159
Man: "AROUS'D AND ANGRY,
946
00:51:25,326 --> 00:51:27,119
"I'D THOUGHT
TO BEAT THE ALARUM,
947
00:51:27,286 --> 00:51:30,539
"AND URGE RELENTLESS WAR.
948
00:51:30,706 --> 00:51:32,875
"BUT SOON
MY FINGERS FAIL'D ME,
949
00:51:33,042 --> 00:51:36,337
"MY FACE DROOP'D
AND I RESIGN'D MYSELF
950
00:51:36,504 --> 00:51:40,633
"TO SIT BY THE WOUNDED
AND SOOTHE THEM,
951
00:51:40,800 --> 00:51:43,803
OR SILENTLY
WATCH THE DEAD."
952
00:51:43,969 --> 00:51:45,971
WALT WHITMAN.
953
00:51:46,138 --> 00:51:49,266
Narrator: WALT WHITMAN WAS
TOO OLD FOR THE RANKS,
954
00:51:49,433 --> 00:51:51,352
NOT QUALIFIED
TO BE AN OFFICER,
955
00:51:51,519 --> 00:51:53,729
NOT ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT
"FIRING A GUN
956
00:51:53,896 --> 00:51:56,482
OR DRAWING A SWORD
ON ANOTHER MAN,"
957
00:51:56,649 --> 00:52:00,277
BUT WHEN HIS YOUNGER BROTHER
WAS WOUNDED AT ANTIETAM,
958
00:52:00,444 --> 00:52:02,530
AND WHITMAN WENT TO FIND HIM
IN THE HOSPITAL,
959
00:52:02,697 --> 00:52:05,324
HE WAS APPALLED
BY WHAT HE SAW.
960
00:52:05,491 --> 00:52:08,994
HE MOVED TO WASHINGTON
TO HELP WITH THE WOUNDED,
961
00:52:09,161 --> 00:52:12,248
GIVING OUT SMALL GIFTS,
CHANGING DRESSINGS,
962
00:52:12,415 --> 00:52:14,709
AND RECITING HIS POETRY.
963
00:52:16,877 --> 00:52:18,170
Man: "THE DOCTORS TELL ME
964
00:52:18,337 --> 00:52:20,381
"| SUPPLY THE PATIENTS
WITH A MEDICINE
965
00:52:20,548 --> 00:52:23,217
"WHICH ALL THEIR DRUGS
AND BOTTLES AND POWDERS
966
00:52:23,384 --> 00:52:25,052
"ARE HELPLESS TO YIELD.
967
00:52:25,219 --> 00:52:26,804
"IT HAS SAVED
MORE THAN ONE LIFE,
968
00:52:26,971 --> 00:52:29,014
"SO I GO AROUND.
969
00:52:29,181 --> 00:52:34,186
SOME OF MY BOYS DIE.
SOME GET WELL."
970
00:52:34,353 --> 00:52:37,940
Woman: "NO WOMAN UNDER 30 YEARS
NEED APPLY TO SERVE
971
00:52:38,107 --> 00:52:39,525
"IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.
972
00:52:39,692 --> 00:52:43,195
"ALL NURSES ARE REQUIRED
TO BE VERY PLAIN-LOOKING WOMEN.
973
00:52:43,362 --> 00:52:46,240
"THEIR DRESSES MUST BE
BROWN OR BLACK,
974
00:52:46,407 --> 00:52:49,660
"WITH NO BOWS,
NO CURLS, NO JEWELRY,
975
00:52:49,827 --> 00:52:52,079
AND NO HOOP SKIRTS."
976
00:52:52,246 --> 00:52:54,540
DOROTHEA DIX.
977
00:52:54,707 --> 00:52:56,417
Narrator: EARLY IN THE WAR,
978
00:52:56,584 --> 00:52:59,920
DOROTHEA DIX VOLUNTEERED
HER SERVICES TO THE UNION.
979
00:53:00,087 --> 00:53:02,757
THE 59-YEAR-OLD CRUSADER
FOR THE MENTALLY |LL
980
00:53:02,923 --> 00:53:04,884
WAS PUT IN CHARGE
OF ALL WOMEN NURSES
981
00:53:05,050 --> 00:53:07,344
EMPLOYED BY THE ARMIES.
982
00:53:07,511 --> 00:53:09,346
TIRELESS, AND SO AUTOCRATIC
983
00:53:09,513 --> 00:53:11,724
ONE WOMAN CALLED HER
"DRAGON DIX,"
984
00:53:11,891 --> 00:53:14,101
SHE BARRED ANY APPLICANT
SHE THOUGHT INTERESTED
985
00:53:14,268 --> 00:53:16,228
IN ROMANTIC ADVENTURE.
986
00:53:16,395 --> 00:53:19,774
EVEN NUNS WERE SOMETIMES
TURNED DOWN.
987
00:53:19,940 --> 00:53:21,233
BY THE END
OF THE WAR, THOUGH,
988
00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:23,569
THE ONLY QUESTION
SHE ASKED POTENTIAL RECRUITS
989
00:53:23,736 --> 00:53:26,864
WAS "WHEN CAN YOU START?"
990
00:53:27,031 --> 00:53:28,741
UNDER HER STRICT GUIDANCE,
991
00:53:28,908 --> 00:53:32,161
CARE FOR THE SICK AND WOUNDED
WAS VASTLY IMPROVED.
992
00:53:32,328 --> 00:53:34,622
DESPITE THE BITTER CRITICISM
AND PETTY RIVALRY
993
00:53:34,789 --> 00:53:35,998
OF MALE COLLEAGUES,
994
00:53:36,165 --> 00:53:38,501
SHE STAYED AT HER POST
FOR ALL FOUR YEARS--
995
00:53:38,667 --> 00:53:41,545
THE ENTIRE WAR--
WITHOUT PAY.
996
00:53:45,591 --> 00:53:48,803
Woman: "ARMY SQUARE HOSPITAL.
997
00:53:48,969 --> 00:53:51,305
"I AM LEARNING
NOT TO LET MYSELF FEEL
998
00:53:51,472 --> 00:53:53,933
"AS MUCH AS I DID
AT FIRST,
999
00:53:54,099 --> 00:53:57,770
YET I NEVER CAN
GET USED TO IT."
1000
00:53:57,937 --> 00:54:00,147
HARRIET FOOTE HAWLEY.
1001
00:54:06,278 --> 00:54:08,948
Foote: "THEY WOULD SEE THAT
THE DOCTOR GAVE THEM UP
1002
00:54:09,114 --> 00:54:10,950
"AND WOULD ASK ME
ABOUT IT.
1003
00:54:11,116 --> 00:54:12,493
"I WOULD TELL THEM
THE TRUTH.
1004
00:54:12,660 --> 00:54:15,621
"I TOLD ONE MAN THAT,
AND HE ASKED, HOWLONG?
1005
00:54:15,788 --> 00:54:19,792
"I SAID,
NOT OVER 20 MINUTES.
1006
00:54:19,959 --> 00:54:23,337
"HE DID NOT SHOW ANY FEAR.
THEY NEVER DO.
1007
00:54:23,504 --> 00:54:25,047
"HE PUT HIS HAND UP SLOW
1008
00:54:25,214 --> 00:54:27,424
"AND CLOSED HIS EYES
WITH HIS OWN FINGERS,
1009
00:54:27,591 --> 00:54:28,801
"AND STRETCHED
HIMSELF OUT
1010
00:54:28,968 --> 00:54:32,054
"AND CROSSED HIS ARMS
OVER HIS BREAST.
1011
00:54:32,221 --> 00:54:34,932
"NOW, FIX ME, HE SAID.
1012
00:54:35,099 --> 00:54:37,685
"| PINNED THE TOES
OF HIS STOCKINGS TOGETHER.
1013
00:54:37,852 --> 00:54:39,812
"THAT WAS THE WAY
WE LAID CORPSES OUT,
1014
00:54:39,979 --> 00:54:42,565
"AND HE DIED
IN A FEW MINUTES.
1015
00:54:42,731 --> 00:54:45,568
"HIS FACE LOOKED AS PLEASANT
AS IF HE WAS ASLEEP,
1016
00:54:45,734 --> 00:54:47,278
"AND MANY IS THE TIME
1017
00:54:47,444 --> 00:54:50,489
THE BOYS WOULD FIX THEMSELVES
THAT WAY BEFORE THEY DIED."
1018
00:55:05,504 --> 00:55:10,175
Man: "LORENZO STRONG, COMPANY A,
9th UNITED STATES CAVALRY.
1019
00:55:10,342 --> 00:55:12,136
"SHOT BY A SHELL
LAST SUNDAY.
1020
00:55:12,303 --> 00:55:14,930
"RIGHT LEG AMPUTATED
ON THE FIELD.
1021
00:55:15,097 --> 00:55:17,099
"TOOK ATURN
FOR THE WORSE.
1022
00:55:17,266 --> 00:55:20,686
"| STAYED AND SAW ALL.
1023
00:55:20,853 --> 00:55:24,648
"THE DOCTOR COMES
IN AND GIVES HIM
A LITTLE CHLOROFORM.
1024
00:55:24,815 --> 00:55:27,276
"ONE OF THE NURSES
CONSTANTLY FANS HIM,
1025
00:55:27,443 --> 00:55:29,236
"FOR IT IS FEARFULLY HOT.
1026
00:55:29,403 --> 00:55:31,614
"HE ASKS TO BE RAISED UP,
1027
00:55:31,780 --> 00:55:34,241
"AND THEY PUT HIM
IN A HALF-SITTING POSTURE.
1028
00:55:34,408 --> 00:55:36,785
"HE CALLED FOR MARK
REPEATEDLY,
1029
00:55:36,952 --> 00:55:39,038
"HALF DELIRIOUSLY,
ALL DAY.
1030
00:55:39,204 --> 00:55:43,042
"LIFE EBBS, RUNS NOW
WITH THE SPEED OF A MILLRACE.
1031
00:55:43,208 --> 00:55:45,127
"HIS EYES TURNED BACK.
1032
00:55:45,294 --> 00:55:47,671
"A CROWD, INCLUDING
TWO OR THREE DOCTORS,
1033
00:55:47,838 --> 00:55:50,633
"SEVERAL STUDENTS,
AND MANY SOLDIERS,
1034
00:55:50,799 --> 00:55:52,718
"HAS SILENTLY GATHERED.
1035
00:55:52,885 --> 00:55:55,346
"THE STRUGGLE GOES ON
AND DWINDLES
1036
00:55:55,512 --> 00:55:58,057
"A LITTLE MORE
AND A LITTLE MORE,
1037
00:55:58,223 --> 00:56:00,184
"AND THEN WELCOME
OBLIVION,
1038
00:56:00,351 --> 00:56:02,645
"PAINLESSNESS, DEATH.
1039
00:56:02,811 --> 00:56:04,521
"A PAUSE.
1040
00:56:04,688 --> 00:56:06,607
THE CROWD DROPS AWAY."
1041
00:56:10,819 --> 00:56:13,530
"JUNE17,1864.
1042
00:56:13,697 --> 00:56:14,990
"DEAREST MOTHER,
1043
00:56:15,157 --> 00:56:18,077
"THIS PLACE SEEMS TO HAVE GOT
THE BETTER OF ME.
1044
00:56:18,243 --> 00:56:21,163
I THINK I SHALL COME HOME
FOR A SHORT TIME."
1045
00:57:11,296 --> 00:57:12,423
Different man:
"I THINK I UNDERSTAND
1046
00:57:12,589 --> 00:57:14,591
"THE PURPOSE
OF THE SOUTH PROPERLY
1047
00:57:14,758 --> 00:57:16,301
"AND THAT THE BEST WAY
TO DEAL WITH THEM
1048
00:57:16,468 --> 00:57:19,513
"IS TO MEET THEM FAIR
AND SQUARE ON ANY ISSUE.
1049
00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:22,182
"WE MUST FIGHT THEM,
CUT INTO THEM,
1050
00:57:22,349 --> 00:57:26,854
"NOT TALK TO THEM, AND PURSUE
TILL THEY CRY ENOUGH.
1051
00:57:27,021 --> 00:57:31,316
"WAR IS THE REMEDY
OUR ENEMIES HAVE CHOSEN,
1052
00:57:31,483 --> 00:57:35,487
AND I SAY LET US GIVE THEM
ALL THEY WANT."
1053
00:57:35,654 --> 00:57:37,531
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
1054
00:57:39,825 --> 00:57:42,870
Narrator: ON THE SAME
DAY THAT GRANT STEPPED
OFF INTO THE WILDERNESS,
1055
00:57:43,037 --> 00:57:44,747
SHERMAN'S GRAND ARMY
OF THE WEST
1056
00:57:44,913 --> 00:57:47,166
MOVED SOUTH FROM CHATTANOOGA
TOWARDS ATLANTA,
1057
00:57:47,332 --> 00:57:49,293
100 MILES AWAY.
1058
00:57:51,587 --> 00:57:54,214
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
AND ULYSSES 8. GRANT
1059
00:57:54,381 --> 00:57:56,967
HAD SURVIVED
HARD TIMES TOGETHER.
1060
00:57:57,134 --> 00:57:59,178
THEIR FRIENDSHIP
HAD BEEN FORGED IN KENTUCKY
1061
00:57:59,344 --> 00:58:01,513
WHEN SHERMAN HAD COME CLOSE
TO BREAKING DOWN,
1062
00:58:01,680 --> 00:58:04,558
PERSUADED THE WAR
WOULD NEVER END.
1063
00:58:04,725 --> 00:58:07,311
Man: "GRANT STOOD BY ME
WHEN I WAS CRAZY,
1064
00:58:07,478 --> 00:58:09,480
"AND I STOOD BY HIM
WHEN HE WAS DRUNK,
1065
00:58:09,646 --> 00:58:13,609
AND NOW WE STAND
BY EACH OTHER ALWAYS."
1066
00:58:13,776 --> 00:58:15,527
Narrator: SHERMAN WAS AN ORPHAN
1067
00:58:15,694 --> 00:58:18,238
AND HAD GRADUATED SIXTH
IN HIS CLASS AT WEST POINT
1068
00:58:18,405 --> 00:58:20,491
WHEN HE WAS ONLY 20.
1069
00:58:20,657 --> 00:58:23,869
TALL AND RED-HAIRED,
INTELLIGENT AND IRRITABLE,
1070
00:58:24,036 --> 00:58:26,163
HE WORE SHOES
RATHER THAN MILITARY BOOTS,
1071
00:58:26,330 --> 00:58:27,998
SLEPT LITTLE,
AND TALKED A LOT.
1072
00:58:28,165 --> 00:58:31,210
"BOILING OVER WITH IDEAS,"
A FRIEND SAID.
1073
00:58:31,376 --> 00:58:33,879
Man: "HE WAS ALWAYS TOO BUSY
TO EAT MUCH.
1074
00:58:34,046 --> 00:58:36,381
"HE TALKED AND SMOKED CIGARS
INCESSANTLY,
1075
00:58:36,548 --> 00:58:38,801
"GIVING ORDERS,
DICTATING TELEGRAMS,
1076
00:58:38,967 --> 00:58:40,969
BRIGHT AND CHIPPER."
1077
00:58:41,136 --> 00:58:45,224
Narrator: HE HATED POLITICIANS,
PROFITEERS, SENTIMENTALISTS.
1078
00:58:45,390 --> 00:58:47,309
ABOVE ALL,
HE HATED REPORTERS,
1079
00:58:47,476 --> 00:58:49,311
WHOM HE CONSIDERED
WORSE THAN SPIES
1080
00:58:49,478 --> 00:58:51,563
BECAUSE THEY PRINTED
MILITARY SECRETS
1081
00:58:51,730 --> 00:58:53,899
JUST TO SELL NEWSPAPERS.
1082
00:58:54,066 --> 00:58:55,734
Man: "THESE DIRTY
NEWSPAPER SCRIBBLERS
1083
00:58:55,901 --> 00:58:57,319
"HAVE THE IMPUDENCE
OF SATAN.
1084
00:58:57,486 --> 00:59:00,531
"THEY COME INTO CAMP, POKE ABOUT
AMONG THE LAZY SHIRKS,
1085
00:59:00,697 --> 00:59:04,326
"AND PICK UP THEIR CAMP RUMORS
AND PUBLISH THEM AS FACTS.
1086
00:59:04,493 --> 00:59:05,911
"THEY ARE A PEST,
1087
00:59:06,078 --> 00:59:10,415
AND I TREAT THEM AS SPIES,
WHICH, IN TRUTH, THEY ARE."
1088
00:59:10,582 --> 00:59:12,501
Narrator: HE WAS CONVINCED
IF HE KILLED THEM ALL,
1089
00:59:12,668 --> 00:59:16,755
THERE WOULD BE NEWS FROM HELL
BEFORE BREAKFAST.
1090
00:59:16,922 --> 00:59:20,092
FAMILY AND FRIENDS
CALLED HIM "CUMP."
1091
00:59:20,259 --> 00:59:22,636
HIS MEN CALLED HIM
"UNCLE BILLY."
1092
00:59:22,803 --> 00:59:26,056
HE WAS RUTHLESS IN WAR.
1093
00:59:28,225 --> 00:59:29,726
NOW GRANT ENTRUSTED
HIS FRIEND
1094
00:59:29,893 --> 00:59:31,311
WITH THE SECOND
MOST IMPORTANT PART
1095
00:59:31,478 --> 00:59:33,230
OF HIS GRAND STRATEGY--
1096
00:59:33,397 --> 00:59:36,733
TO SEIZE ATLANTAAND SMASH
THE COMBINED CONFEDERATE ARMIES
1097
00:59:36,900 --> 00:59:40,654
OF TENNESSEE AND MISSISSIPPI
UNDER JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON.
1098
00:59:49,454 --> 00:59:50,747
IN WASHINGTON,
1099
00:59:50,914 --> 00:59:53,876
LINCOLN'S CHANCES
FOR REELECTION WERE SLIM.
1100
00:59:54,042 --> 00:59:56,962
"I'M GOING TO BE BEATEN,"
LINCOLN WROTE THAT SUMMER,
1101
00:59:57,129 --> 00:59:59,631
"AND UNLESS SOME
GREAT CHANGE TAKES PLACE,
1102
00:59:59,798 --> 01:00:01,466
BADLY BEATEN."
1103
01:00:01,633 --> 01:00:03,594
WITH GRANT STALLED
AT PETERSBURG,
1104
01:00:03,760 --> 01:00:06,513
SHERMAN HAD TO WIN.
1105
01:00:06,680 --> 01:00:08,807
DRUMS BEATING
1106
01:00:13,645 --> 01:00:15,564
SHERMAN HAD SURVEYED
PARTS OF GEORGIA
1107
01:00:15,731 --> 01:00:17,274
AS AYOUNG LIEUTENANT.
1108
01:00:17,441 --> 01:00:20,569
"| KNEW GEORGIA BETTER THAN
THE REBELS DID," HE WROTE.
1109
01:00:20,736 --> 01:00:23,322
HE KNEW THE FIGHTING THERE
WOULD BE SCATTERED AND SPORADIC,
1110
01:00:23,488 --> 01:00:25,782
"A BIG INDIAN WAR,"
HE CALLED IT.
1111
01:00:30,913 --> 01:00:32,247
JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON,
1112
01:00:32,414 --> 01:00:34,541
THE CONFEDERATE COMMANDER
WHO NOW FACED SHERMAN,
1113
01:00:34,708 --> 01:00:38,170
WAS HEARTILY DISLIKED
BY PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS,
1114
01:00:38,337 --> 01:00:42,674
BUT HE WAS VERY NEARLY
WORSHIPED BY HIS MEN.
1115
01:00:42,841 --> 01:00:45,344
Man: "I DO NOT BELIEVE
THERE WAS A SOLDIER IN HIS ARMY
1116
01:00:45,510 --> 01:00:47,763
"BUT WOULD GLADLY
HAVE DIED FOR HIM.
1117
01:00:47,930 --> 01:00:50,724
"WITH HIM,
EVERYTHING WAS HIS SOLDIERS.
1118
01:00:50,891 --> 01:00:54,019
HE WOULD FEED HIS SOLDIERS
IF THE COUNTRY STARVED."
1119
01:00:54,186 --> 01:00:55,812
SAM WATKINS.
1120
01:00:57,856 --> 01:00:59,608
Narrator:
OUTGUNNED, OUTSUPPLIED,
1121
01:00:59,775 --> 01:01:01,401
AND OUTNUMBERED ALMOST 2 TO 1,
1122
01:01:01,568 --> 01:01:05,155
JOSEPH JOHNSTON COULD ONLY HOPE
TO SLOW SHERMAN'S ADVANCE
1123
01:01:05,322 --> 01:01:06,698
AND PERHAPS LURE HIM
INTO MAKING
1124
01:01:06,865 --> 01:01:08,700
THE KIND OF DOOMED
FRONTAL ATTACK
1125
01:01:08,867 --> 01:01:11,870
THAT WOULD HELP SWING
THE ELECTION AGAINST LINCOLN.
1126
01:01:12,037 --> 01:01:15,332
TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS
1127
01:01:15,499 --> 01:01:19,378
BUT SHERMAN'S ADVANCE
WAS A MASTERPIECE OF PLANNING.
1128
01:01:19,544 --> 01:01:21,213
IN A MATTER OF HOURS,
1129
01:01:21,380 --> 01:01:23,423
HIS ENGINEERS REPLACED
BURNED BRIDGES
1130
01:01:23,590 --> 01:01:26,593
AND REPAIRED
RIPPED UP RAIL LINES.
1131
01:01:31,848 --> 01:01:34,643
WHEN NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST'S
RAIDERS COLLAPSED ATUNNEL
1132
01:01:34,810 --> 01:01:36,103
IN SHERMAN'S REAR,
1133
01:01:36,270 --> 01:01:38,605
ONE WEARY SOUTHERN PRIVATE
WAS NOT IMPRESSED.
1134
01:01:38,772 --> 01:01:40,023
"SHERMAN," HE SAID,
1135
01:01:40,190 --> 01:01:42,401
"PROBABLY CARRIED
A SPARE TUNNEL WITH HIM."
1136
01:01:42,567 --> 01:01:45,112
TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWS
1137
01:01:47,572 --> 01:01:48,824
CANNON FIRES
1138
01:01:48,991 --> 01:01:50,325
SLOWLY, RELENTLESSLY,
1139
01:01:50,492 --> 01:01:52,244
HE FORCED JOHNSTON
OUT OF DALTON...
1140
01:01:52,411 --> 01:01:54,496
BOOM
1141
01:01:54,663 --> 01:01:55,497
RESACA...
1142
01:01:55,664 --> 01:01:57,249
BOOM
1143
01:01:57,416 --> 01:01:58,250
CASSVILLE...
1144
01:01:58,417 --> 01:02:00,002
BOOM
1145
01:02:00,168 --> 01:02:01,253
ALLATOONA...
1146
01:02:01,420 --> 01:02:03,088
BOOM
1147
01:02:03,255 --> 01:02:04,423
NEW HOPE CHURCH.
1148
01:02:04,589 --> 01:02:06,216
BOOM
1149
01:02:06,383 --> 01:02:08,760
A SURRENDERING CONFEDERATE
TOLD HIS CAPTORS,
1150
01:02:08,927 --> 01:02:11,972
"SHERMAN WILL NEVER GO TO HELL.
HE'LL FLANK THE DEVIL
1151
01:02:12,139 --> 01:02:15,058
AND MAKE HEAVEN
IN SPITE OF THE GUARDS."
1152
01:02:15,225 --> 01:02:17,728
Man: "JUNE 14th.
1153
01:02:17,894 --> 01:02:20,564
"WE KILLED
GENERAL POLK YESTERDAY
1154
01:02:20,731 --> 01:02:23,608
AND MADE GOOD
PROGRESS TODAY."
1155
01:02:23,775 --> 01:02:28,030
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN.
1156
01:02:28,196 --> 01:02:30,282
Narrator: AT KENNESAW MOUNTAIN,
NORTH OF ATLANTA,
1157
01:02:30,449 --> 01:02:32,326
THE CONFEDERATES DUG IN.
1158
01:02:32,492 --> 01:02:33,952
ON JUNE 27th,
1159
01:02:34,119 --> 01:02:37,039
13,000 UNION MEN
STORMED UP THE MOUNTAIN
1160
01:02:37,205 --> 01:02:39,207
AND WERE HURLED BACK.
1161
01:02:39,374 --> 01:02:41,543
THE FEDERALS "SEEMED TO WALK UP
AND TAKE DEATH,"
1162
01:02:41,710 --> 01:02:43,170
A SOUTHERNER REMEMBERED,
1163
01:02:43,337 --> 01:02:48,091
"AS COOLLY AS IF THEY WERE
AUTOMATIC OR WOODEN MEN."
1164
01:02:48,258 --> 01:02:50,802
Man: "I'VE HEARD MEN SAY THAT
IF THEY EVER KILLED AYANKEE
1165
01:02:50,969 --> 01:02:53,347
"DURING THE WAR,
THEY WERE NOT AWARE OF IT.
1166
01:02:53,513 --> 01:02:55,640
"I AM SATISFIED
THAT ON THIS MEMORABLE DAY
1167
01:02:55,807 --> 01:02:59,519
"EVERY MAN IN OUR REGIMENT
KILLED FROM 20 TO 100 EACH.
1168
01:02:59,686 --> 01:03:03,565
ALL THAT WAS NECESSARY
WAS TO LOAD AND SHOOT."
1169
01:03:03,732 --> 01:03:05,901
Narrator:
THE UNION LOST 3,000 MEN,
1170
01:03:06,068 --> 01:03:08,904
THE CONFEDERATES,
ONLY 750.
1171
01:03:09,071 --> 01:03:12,115
"ONE OR TWO MORE SUCH ASSAULTS,"
AN AIDE WARNED SHERMAN,
1172
01:03:12,282 --> 01:03:15,035
"WOULD USE UP THIS ARMY."
1173
01:03:15,202 --> 01:03:16,411
SHERMAN NEVER ADMITTED
1174
01:03:16,578 --> 01:03:18,830
HE HAD MADE A MISTAKE
AT KENNESAW MOUNTAIN,
1175
01:03:18,997 --> 01:03:21,917
BUT HE NEVER
REPEATED IT EITHER.
1176
01:03:22,084 --> 01:03:26,046
RELUCTANTLY, HE RETURNED
TO HIS SLOW FLANKING MANEUVERS,
1177
01:03:26,213 --> 01:03:28,131
FORCING JOHNSTON
BACK TO WITHIN SIGHT
1178
01:03:28,298 --> 01:03:30,175
OF ATLANTA ITSELF,
1179
01:03:30,342 --> 01:03:31,760
BUT THERE, HE STALLED,
1180
01:03:31,927 --> 01:03:33,428
JUST LIKE GRANT.
1181
01:03:40,102 --> 01:03:41,853
TWO MONTHS
OF RELENTLESS FIGHTING
1182
01:03:42,020 --> 01:03:44,940
HAD RESULTED
IN IDENTICAL STALEMATES.
1183
01:03:45,107 --> 01:03:47,818
SHERMAN WAS STOPPED
NORTH OF ATLANTA.
1184
01:03:47,984 --> 01:03:51,196
GRANT AND LEE WERE DEADLOCKED
OUTSIDE PETERSBURG.
1185
01:03:52,489 --> 01:03:54,699
WITHOUT A DECISIVE VICTORY
SOMEWHERE,
1186
01:03:54,866 --> 01:03:58,829
ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS SURE
TO LOSE THE FALL ELECTION.
1187
01:03:58,995 --> 01:04:00,997
TIME WAS RUNNING OUT.
1188
01:04:12,717 --> 01:04:14,553
Man: "MISS KITTY DIGGS,
1189
01:04:14,719 --> 01:04:18,640
"I WANT YOU TO UNDERSTAND
THAT MARY IS MY CHILD,
1190
01:04:18,807 --> 01:04:22,519
"AND SHE IS A GOD-GIVEN RIGHT
OF MY OWN,
1191
01:04:22,686 --> 01:04:26,273
"AND YOU MAY HOLD ON TO HER
AS LONG AS YOU CAN,
1192
01:04:26,440 --> 01:04:28,692
"BUT I WANT YOU TO REMEMBER
THIS ONE THING--
1193
01:04:28,859 --> 01:04:32,821
"THAT THE LONGER YOU KEEP
MY CHILD FROM ME,
1194
01:04:32,988 --> 01:04:35,407
"THE LONGER YOU WILL
HAVE TO BURN IN HELL
1195
01:04:35,574 --> 01:04:39,119
"AND THE QUICKER
YOU WILL GET THERE.
1196
01:04:39,286 --> 01:04:42,914
"I HAVE NO FEARS ABOUT
GETTING MARY OUT OF YOUR HANDS.
1197
01:04:43,081 --> 01:04:47,461
"THIS WHOLE GOVERNMENT
GIVES CHEER TO ME,
1198
01:04:47,627 --> 01:04:50,922
AND YOU CANNOT
HELP YOURSELF."
1199
01:04:51,089 --> 01:04:52,883
SPOTSWOOD RICE.
92967
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