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(typing)
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Now there are a number of different layouts that
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you can use to create app screens in Android Studio
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and we're gonna have a quick look
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at few others a little bit later.
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Using layouts to position items on the screen
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used to be quite complicated
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when you wanted to line things up horizontally
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and vertically to get the screen just the way you want.
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But when they released Android Nougat,
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Google introduced the ConstraintLayout
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and that basically replaces the old RelativeLayout
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and is also a good alternative to many of the older layouts.
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Now we're going to discuss the older layouts later
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so that you're familiar with them.
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You may have to work on updating older code
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so it's good to at least be familiar with
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some of these other layouts.
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But for most of the examples in this course
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I'm gonna be using the new ConstraintLayout
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and the trusty LinearLayout, when creating layout screens.
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Now Google didn't just introduce a new type of layout,
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they also completely revamped the Android Studio
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Layout Designer to handle it.
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So we're gonna start a new project
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and get into discovering how to use the Layout Designer.
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Now the first project we're gonna create
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isn't our button click app, it's just something
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that we're gonna have a play with the designer
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and probably get it into a right mess.
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Now the only way though to learn how
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to use the designer is to try it out.
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So I'm not even going to run this app,
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I'm just gonna be placing things on the screen,
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moving them around, and showing you
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how to put things where you want them
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and have them stay there.
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And that's what I said we were going to play with it.
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So make sure you do have fun.
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But before we start that, just wanted to point out that
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one of the best widgets for demonstrating this
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is an ImageView, and that's because
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it's a very visual component
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and you can easily see it on the screen.
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So I'm going to be adding an ImageView to our layout.
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Now an ImageView without an image
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isn't very interesting, though.
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So the first thing you'll want to do
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is start by downloading the sample images
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that I've included in the resources section for this video.
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Now you can actually get them by moving your mouse
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up to the top left of this video
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and clicking on the 3-bar menu icon
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above resources available.
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And that will slide out a panel and you'll see
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the two resources, in this case
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ball_640x480.jpg
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and also ball_100x100.jpg.
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So download those files and save them
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onto your hard drive and then click the X above
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the tooltip when you've done that
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and you're ready to continue with this video.
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Now you can, of course, use any image that you want.
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So by all means use one
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of your own pictures, images, if you'd prefer.
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One thing to note, though, is that
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there's a really odd peculiarity
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in Android Studio and that's that it doesn't like
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images that have capital letters in the filename.
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Now you can only use the characters 0 to 9
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and lowercase a to z, as well as the dash,
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underscore, and full stop.
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Now you might be wondering why that is the case
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but in fact there's a good reason for this,
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and the reason is that filenames
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in Windows aren't case sensitive,
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in other words ball.jpg with a capital B
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would be the same file as ball.jpg with a lowercase b.
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However, on Linux or OS X, Mac OS X,
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they would actually be two different files.
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So it would be very easy to produce
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a project on one operating system
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that ultimately wouldn't work on another operating system.
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So rather than building a complex set of checking,
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Google just made the rule that upper-case letters
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aren't allowed, which makes everyone's life easier.
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So bear that in mind when you create any type
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of resource in Android Studio, including your images.
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You should really be using just lowercase letters.
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Now I'd also suggest if are intending to use
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your own images that you don't use a full HD.
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In other words a 1920 by 1080 image,
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remembering this is gonna be viewed
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on a 3 inch wide screen.
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Alright so hopefully at this point
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you've got the image file ready.
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It's time to create our test project.
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So I've got Android Studio started now
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as you can see on the screen.
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I'm going to click on Start a new Android Studio project.
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Now we're going to be playing with a designer
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a bit like a child with a box of crayons.
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So for that reason I'm gonna call this project Playing.
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Now if you make a right mess and
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frankly I hope that you do
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because it shows that you've been experimenting
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then you can create a new project and call it
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Playing 2 or Playing 3, etc.
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And also you can make a note of the project location
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which you can see over here at the bottom of the screen
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and you can use your file manager
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to delete the entire Playing directory
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if you wish before starting again.
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That's entirely up to you.
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Now the company domain should have been remembered
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from last time so I'm going to leave
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that as to what it was, learnprogramming.academy.
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Now you of course are free to use your own domain
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there if you prefer but one thing to bear in mind,
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is that my sample code
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will be using learnprogramming.academy.
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So using something different can make it harder
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for you to use differencing tools
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on the projects when comparing your source code with mine.
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Now I'm going to be covering that layer in this course
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so if you want to keep things simple
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then use the same domain name
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that I'm using here, learnprogramming.academy.
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So the project location should have been filled in
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for you as it was for me on the screen then,
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but you can change that
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to any suitable directory, if you prefer.
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Now the last thing you have to check on this screen
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is the box labelled include Kotlin support,
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and you can see over here that,
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that is checked by default.
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If you don't tick that box, Android Studios
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cannot generate Java code instead of Kotlin.
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Now there's no difference in designing layouts
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whether you're using Java or Kotlin,
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so this video is the same for
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my Java and Kotlin Android courses.
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So if you're actually in my Java Android course
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then in fact you want to take the checkbox off,
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but if you're in the Kotlin course you want to
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click that to include Kotlin support.
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And by the way it's perfectly possible to mix
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Java and Kotlin in the same project,
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in which case you'd tick the box
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if you were deciding to use a Java project
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to also include Kotlin support.
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For now though I suggest that if you are
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in the Java course you leave it un-ticked for Java
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and ticked for Kotlin.
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So I'm going to click on Next.
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So on this screen I'm going
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to choose API 17 as the default,
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as I've explained in a previous video.
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Now we don't want any of these other options,
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so leave them all unchecked and click on Next.
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Now for our purposes here, we're going to use
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the Empty Activity and that's highlighted
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by default, but if not check on that
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and click on Next again.
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Now there's nothing to change on this next screen
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but you do want to make sure that the two boxes,
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Generate Layout File with checked box to the left there
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and Backwards Compatibility (AppCompat),
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you want to make sure that they're both checked,
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as they are in this case.
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And in terms of what they do,
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well generate a layout function,
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creates a layout file for you and if you
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un-tick it, you'll just have
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to create the layout from scratch.
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Now that actually isn't hard to do,
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and in fact in future videos we'll be
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creating another layout later
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but why create work at this stage of the course.
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And the Backwards Compatibility box or the checked box,
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that causes Android Studio to use the AppCompat library
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and that's so that your code will work
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on earlier versions of Android, even if they use
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features that were introduced in later versions.
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There's very rarely a reason to un-tick this,
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so I'm going to leave it checked.
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Now the suggested names for the Activity and Layout,
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MainActivity and activity_main, are fine.
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So I'm now going to click on Finish.
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Now Android Studio is now in the process of
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creating the project and you can see
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that the build progress, so on.
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The build progress rather, as it does that.
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And I'm running at this stage, as you can see,
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a beta version of Android Studio 3.
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So it's a little bit slower than
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what the final release will be,
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but we'll give it a moment to finish.
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Alright, so you can see down the bottom right hand corner
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that it's working away and the grade will build as running
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and it's actually indexing a few files.
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It actually does quite a bit of stuff,
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even after the editing window has appeared.
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And it's a good idea not to do too much
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until all that's finished.
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And you can see now, down the bottom right hand corner
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of the screen, the progress bar has disappeared
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and for all intents and purposes now it's finished
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setting things up and we're ready to go.
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Alright so, there's a few things now
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that I want to talk about with the Layout Designer.
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And firstly, experiment and try things out.
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Make a mess of it all and start again, maybe more than once.
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You won't actually do any harm and you
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can always delete the project directories
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when you've made a right mess of things.
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And if you're going to do that you'd obviously
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want to shut down Android Studio
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before you deleted anything.
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Now it's particularly important to experiment
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with the Layout Designer and
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that's because it changes so much.
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Now Google introduced this new Layout Designer
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in Android Studio 2.2, back in 2016.
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And personally. I've lost count of how many changes
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they've made to it through to version 2.3.3,
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and now, what we're running, Android Studio 3.
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Now we're actually working
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at the cutting edge of mobile technology
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and Google are constantly changing things.
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Now something that works in a certain way today,
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may very well not work in that way
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or may work differently tomorrow.
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Now we do record videos frequently in this course,
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but if we try to keep up with all the changes,
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we'd never get any new content added.
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As it turns out I'm re-recording these videos
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in August and September because Android Studio's
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Layout Designer is now very different
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to what it was back in February 2017.
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Now that very well may make life "interesting"
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but I don't want you to feel sorry for me.
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It's far harder for you!
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Now you're having to learn how
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to use a development environment that's changing
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all the time, and frankly that's certainly not easy,
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when you're learning (inaudible)
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something new like Android.
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Myself and JP, we're so used to all this,
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sometimes we barely notice a change.
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But when you're starting out and you haven't
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had much experience in the software
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or in Android in general, it can get very confusing.
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Now there's not really a lot you can do about this,
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other than learning to live with it and experimenting.
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Now there is something we can do to help,
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and that's to explain what's going on.
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So in these video in this section of the course,
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I won't just be showing you a series of keys to press
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or operations to perform, I'm going
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to be explaining why you're doing what you're doing.
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That way you'll develop an understanding
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of what's going on, why you're doing certain things,
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and what's happening when you do.
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Now when you really understand how it's all working,
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change is much easier to deal with.
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Alright, so that's what I'm going to be doing.
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What you can do though, is experiment, try things out.
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You know, if you're not sure what a button
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on the toolbar does, one of these button up here,
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then just click one and see what happens when you click it.
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What actually pops up on the screen when that happens
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and just really experiment with the various buttons
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to see what happens when you do it.
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What I can guarantee, is one thing.
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It won't damage your computer.
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The very worst thing that will happen
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is that you will do strange things to the project
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and may have to start over again from scratch.
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But when you're learning, going through it
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all again is a good thing.
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Alright, now for the good news.
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What I've been saying really only applies
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to the Layout Designer.
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The Android code base is far more stable,
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and that changes far less frequently.
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Now there are changes that affect the code,
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things like annotations that we'll be looking at.
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But generally, the code side of things,
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well that doesn't change very often.
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So it's not going to be as difficult
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as I may have implied just now.
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It's just that this visual Layout Designer
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is the thing that changes so often.
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Alright, so let's finish this video here,
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and in the next video we'll start getting stuck in
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and talking more about, and using the Layout Designer.
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See you in the next video.
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