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Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork
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operating system.
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is a family of software used on most Cisco Systems routers and current Cisco network switches.(Earlier switches ran CatOS.)
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IOS is a package of routing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions integrated
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into multitasking operating system.
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And let's take a look to the IOS features.
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Cisco IOS is located in flash
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Can be updated
Copied to valotile RAM
Provides software – hardware communication
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The Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary user interface used for configuring, monitoring,
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and maintaining Cisco devices.
CLI can be accessed using ;
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Console
Telnet
SSH
AUX
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Every Cisco router or a switch has a console port (also known
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as the management port) on its back side.
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As in here Console port is used to connect a computer directly to a router or switch and manage
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the router or switch since there is no display
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device for
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or switch . Normally router
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Console port
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is a RJ45 port.
A special type of cable,
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known as roll over cable is used to connect the Serial/COM port of the computer to the router
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or switch console port. One end of the cable is RJ49 type and a DB9 to RJ45
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converter is molded on the other end.
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And let's go with the telnet, an access method to CLI.
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Telnet is a protocol that allows you to connect to remote devices over a network. Using telnet
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client software on your computer,
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you can make a connection to a remote device. In most cases,
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you'll need to log into the remote host, which requires that you have an account on that system. By default,
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telnet does not encrypt any data sent over the connection including passwords. Because of serious security
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concerns.
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it is recommended to use SSH instead of Telnet.SSH, also known as Secure Shell, is a network
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that provides administrators with a secure way to access a remote networking device. Secure
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Shell provides strong authentication and secure encrypted data communication between two network
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devices
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Because of that it is always preferred over Telnet.
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Terminal emulation programs are Used for accessing to a device using console port, telnet or SSH.
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Popular programs are ;
Putty
Secure CRT
Hyper Terminal
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Here is Putty window, if you want to for example communicate to a device you enter
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the host name or the IP address of the device and you choose the connection type in here whether its
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Telnet, SSH ,serial etc.
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Then you click the open and communicate with device.
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IOS has four different mod guys and they are ;
User EXEC
Privileged
Global Configuration
specific configuration
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User EXEC Mode is the first mode a user has access to
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after logging into the router. The user mode can be identified by the >
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prompt following the router name.
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This mode allows the user to execute only the basic commands, such as those that show the system's status.
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Privileged mode mode allows users to view the system configuration, restart
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the system, and enter router configuration mode. Privileged mode
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also allows all the commands
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that are available in user mode
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Global Configuration mode mode allows users to modify the running system configuration
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this mod has various submodes, starting with global configuration mode, and they are known as specific
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configuration modes.If you want to navigate between defferent IOS modes
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We have some options, for example if you're in the user exec mode and want to navigate to
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privilege exec mode we're using the Enable command.
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If you're in the Enable mode and if you want to switch to the config mod we're using the conf t
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configure terminal command and we're in the global config
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And if you want to switch to your specific interface configuration mode for example you type interface
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and the interfaces name on the config mode basically and you get into the config interface mode. Note :
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exit command is used for passing to the upper mode always.
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So let's take a look to the IOS features . IOS provides context sensitive help.
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Please keep in mind that question mark is your best friend always.
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All right let's take a look to the screen and let's say that we are trying to type clock set command
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instead of typing clock
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If I type for example C L O and k Ios is warning us and saying ask that this is an unknown command
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for example. for example if you could not remember the commands clock
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But if you just remind CL if you type C L and put a question mark IOS shows you the commands
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that you can use in that IOS mode. for example if you type clock the command is right now.
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it is OK.
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And if you just hit the enter it again warns you that that is an incomplete command because we're
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going to use the clock set as you know for example after cloak and you type.
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The question mark and hit enter it's showing us that what commands more we can use after that command
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for example it's offering us the set command and giving us some clues what the command is doing rightly.
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And it's saying that set the time and they for example.
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So let's go ahead with the context sensitive help
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And for example we type clock set
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And the clock for example, then if we had the question mark again, it's also saying us that we can use the
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day of the month or we can type month.
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keyword, All right clock set
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And we have some shortcuts and hotkeys that we can use in IOS.
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If you want to encrypt all your passwords in your show run output we have a great command. we can use
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service password encryption.
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This command to encrypt all passwords on the show run out for example in here.
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