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Alright, so let's now implement
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truly private class fields and methods.
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So private class fields and methods
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are actually part of a bigger proposal
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for improving and changing JavaScript classes
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which is simply called Class fields.
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Now this Class fields proposal is currently at stage three.
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And so right now it's actually not yet part
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of the JavaScript language.
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However, being at stage three
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means that it's very likely that at some point,
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it will move forward to stage number four.
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And then it will actually become a part
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of the JavaScript language.
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And that's probably gonna happen
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some point soon in the future.
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And that's why I decided to already include
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class fields in this course.
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And in fact, some parts of this proposal
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actually already work in Google Chrome,
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but other parts don't.
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At least not at the time of recording this video.
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Now for starters, why is this proposal
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actually called Class fields?
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Well, in traditional OOP languages like Java and C++,
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properties are usually called fields.
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So what this means is that with this new proposal,
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JavaScript is moving away from the idea that classes
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are just syntactic sugar over constructor functions.
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Because with this new class features classes
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actually start to have abilities
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that we didn't previously have with constructor functions.
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Now to many developers consider this to be a big problem
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but personally, I'm not sure if it is such a big deal
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for the average JavaScript developer.
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So as long as you still understand
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how prototypal inheritance and function constructors work
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then I believe that you will be fine.
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But anyway, no matter if you end up using
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these new class features, let's now start exploring them.
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So in this proposal, there are actually four different kinds
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of fields and methods, and actually it's even eight.
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But in this video, I'm just gonna focus on these four.
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And that's public fields, that is private fields.
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And then we have public methods
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and we have private methods.
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So essentially there is a public
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and a private version of both fields and methods.
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And let's now start with public fields.
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So we can think of a field as a property
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that will be on all instances.
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So that's why we can also call this a public instance field.
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So basically in our example here,
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the two fields could be the movements and the locale.
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Because these are basically two properties
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that are gonna be on all the objects
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that we create with this class.
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Because we do not pass any of the values here in,
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so into the constructor.
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And so this array and this language
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they will always be set for all the instances right?
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And so let's now add them as public fields.
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So that works simply like this.
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We can say locale equal and then navigator.language.
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And then here, we actually need to write a semi colon
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which is kind of weird because between these methods
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we do not need commas or semi-colons.
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What's also weird is that this kind of
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looks like a variable here right?
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But we don't have to declare it using like const or let,
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so this is how we simply define a public field.
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So let's write that here.
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So public fields.
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And the other one is gonna be this movements
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and I will still for now call it _movements.
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And so I'm setting it to this empty array now.
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And so when we reload this, now you will see
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the attendee account here worked exactly the same.
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So we still have the locale here and also the movements
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but now they are actually public fields,
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but in our final object here,
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that doesn't make any difference.
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Because again, these public fields here
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are gonna be present on all the instances
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that we are creating through the class.
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So they are not on the prototype.
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So this is important to understand.
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So all these methods that we add here
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they will always be added to the prototype, right?
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But again the fields here, they are on the instances.
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Let me write that here as well.
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And so again having this here,
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is essentially exactly the same as this.
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And therefore these public fields
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they're also referenceable by the this keyboard
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and they are also referenceable via the this keyword.
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Great, so that's public fields.
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Next up, let's talk about private fields.
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So this is number two.
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This is number one.
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Let's add that here as well.
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So just to keep a nice overview of all the things
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that we are learning here in this lecture.
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Alright.
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So private fields is the one
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that we have actually been waiting for.
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So with private fields we can now make it
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so that properties are really truly
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not accessible from the outside.
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So just like in the last lecture, let's start
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by now finally making the movements array private.
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So let's move it here.
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And now I will remove the underscore
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and then I will use the # symbol.
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And so this is the syntax that makes a field private
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in this new class proposal.
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So let's try and reload to see what happens now.
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And indeed we get some error.
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And the reason for that is that the property
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is now really called #movements.
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So we need to change that everywhere.
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So both here and here.
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Now, that's it.
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Give it a safe and now it all works.
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So let's see here we now actually have
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the movements in this array,
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which is called #movements now basically.
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And so now, we are finally gonna be able to see
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that this property is indeed protected.
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So if we try to read account1.movements
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then we get a syntax error.
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So private field movements must be declared
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in an enclosing class.
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So basically JavaScript things that I'm trying to implement
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this private class field out here.
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And that's the reason for this error.
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But what matters is that, in fact,
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we cannot access this variable outside here.
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And of course the movement property
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from before, does not, no longer exist.
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So we get undefined error.
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Now the error message here might look different for you
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by the time that you're watching this video.
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Because as I said, this proposal at the time of recording
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is not really finished yet.
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And so some implementation details might still change.
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And so that might also affect the error message here.
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And speaking of implementation, I believe
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that right now only Google Chrome actually supports
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these private class fields.
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And so make sure to also test your code in Google Chrome.
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But anyway, the movements are now truly private
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and no longer accessible outside here.
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At least not by their property.
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We do still have of course,
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this method here in our public API.
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And so this one we can still use to get the movement.
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So that's right here.
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And that was indeed the whole point of creating this method
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in the first place, in the last lecture.
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Now the next candidate to make private is this pin.
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So in the last lecture we protected it
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but now just like the movements, we want to convert it
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to a truly private field.
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However, this time the situation is a bit different.
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Because now we are actually setting the pin
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based on this input value to the constructor.
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However, we can not define a field in the constructor.
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So the fields, they really have to be out here
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outside of any method.
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So what we have to do is to create the field out here.
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So the private field again with hash,
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and then don't set it to anything.
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And so this is essentially just
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like creating an empty variable.
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So in the beginning, this will be set to undefined
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and then here we can redefine that value basically.
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And so one more time we can see
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that these class fields are really just
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like any other property.
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That's why later down here
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we can then access it on the this keyword
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and set it to the value that we received.
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So let's try that.
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And indeed the pin here is now also a protected field
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or actually a private field.
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And so when we try to access it,
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we will no longer be able to do that.
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Alright.
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So that is truly private class fields.
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And again these are gonna be available
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on the instances themselves.
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So not on the prototype.
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And so, yeah, of course that's why we have them
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right here in the instance.
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Now, some people don't like the way
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that the Syntax looks here with the # symbol
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and there has been a lot of discussion going on.
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Now, I don't mind it at all.
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I just like to focus on the benefits
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that this new syntax gives us.
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There is a slight change that it might still change
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before the proposal reaches stage four,
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but in this case, I will simply go ahead
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and update it as video.
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But anyway, next up we have public methods.
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And actually that is nothing new at this point.
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So all these methods here that we have been using
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are indeed public methods.
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So in this case, there is not a lot to talk about.
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And in fact, we had already written something similar here.
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So saying that all of these methods together
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are basically the public interface of our class.
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And so therefore let's move on to our final point here,
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which is private methods.
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So let's do that down here.
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And private methods, as we already mentioned earlier
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are very useful to hide the implementation details
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from the outside.
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And that's why in the previous lecture,
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we already made this method
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and protect it with this underscore.
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And so let's no grab this and put it down here
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and now to make a private method,
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the syntax is exactly the same as private fields.
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So just like with the hash.
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Now, the big problem here, is that right now
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no browser actually supports this.
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So I can just show you how it works in the code
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but unfortunately I cannot show you how it works.
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So if I save this now I'll probably get some error.
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And so, yeah, the first one is
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that this function now no longer exists.
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So let's change that here as well.
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And well, we don't get any error actually.
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So that's surprising to me, let's see what we have here.
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So indeed here we have the approve loan now.
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So I guess that right now Google Chrome
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simply made this method like a private field.
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So that's why it no longer appears in the prototype, right?
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So it's not here, but now it's, instead on the instance.
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So that's not really what we want.
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Let's just test if we can access it out here.
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So console.logacc1.approvedLoan with some value.
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And then we get the same error as before.
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So private fields approve loan.
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And so, yeah, it's just as I said,
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so Google Chrome right now basically sees this
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as a private class field and not as a method.
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And so that's why I was saying
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that the methods are not really yet implemented
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in Google Chrome.
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So private methods are not available.
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And so let me just leave it here as a comment,
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but I will go back to simply protect it
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with the underscore convention.
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Alright.
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So at some point in the future, this will work
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but for now, let's leave it just as it was before.
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Okay, so we talked about these four features here.
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So public fields, private fields,
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public methods, and private methods.
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Now, besides these four
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there's also the static version of the same form.
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And that's why I said in the beginning
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that actually we have eight new features.
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So there's also the private version.
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And actually, and that's not private.
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That is static, alright.
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And actually we already used the
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static public method before.
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And so that worked by simply adding
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the static keyword in front of it.
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Remember, so just static and then some method name.
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And so usually we use this for helper functions.
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Because these static methods will not be available
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on all the instances, but only on the class itself.
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Remember,
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so the static one here
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only works like this.
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So account.helper.
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And so, as I said, there is also a static version
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for all the other three ones.
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But I'm not gonna show them to you now in this video
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because they are really less important,
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and if you want you can,
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of course easily test them out by yourself.
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Now, okay.
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And that's actually it.
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So this is how we implement encapsulation
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and data privacy using the new class fields proposal
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that hopefully at some point will really become part
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of the JavaScript language.
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