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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,407 --> 00:00:08,107 Narrator: Egypt... 2 00:00:08,109 --> 00:00:10,409 The richest source of archaeological treasures 3 00:00:10,411 --> 00:00:13,145 On the planet. 4 00:00:13,147 --> 00:00:15,314 Man: Oh, wow, look at that. 5 00:00:17,318 --> 00:00:21,687 Narrator: Hidden beneath this desert landscape 6 00:00:21,689 --> 00:00:27,126 Lie the secrets of this ancient civilization. 7 00:00:27,128 --> 00:00:29,661 Man: I've never seen something like this. 8 00:00:29,663 --> 00:00:33,565 Narrator: Now for a full season of excavations, 9 00:00:33,567 --> 00:00:36,869 Our cameras have been given unprecedented access 10 00:00:36,871 --> 00:00:41,106 To follow teams on the front line of archaeology. 11 00:00:41,108 --> 00:00:43,409 Woman: This is the most critical moment. 12 00:00:43,411 --> 00:00:44,943 (men grunting) 13 00:00:44,945 --> 00:00:46,712 Narrator: Revealing buried treasures... 14 00:00:46,714 --> 00:00:47,646 Woman: Oh! 15 00:00:47,648 --> 00:00:49,748 Man: We were lucky today. 16 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:52,051 Man: Wow, lots of mummies. 17 00:00:52,053 --> 00:00:53,886 Woman: The smell is horrible. 18 00:00:53,888 --> 00:00:55,354 Narrator: And making discoveries 19 00:00:55,356 --> 00:00:57,589 That could rewrite ancient history... 20 00:00:57,591 --> 00:01:01,593 Man: We've never had the proof until now. 21 00:01:01,595 --> 00:01:04,730 Woman: This is where it all started. 22 00:01:04,732 --> 00:01:08,133 Man: My goodness, I never expected this. 23 00:01:08,135 --> 00:01:10,135 (clapping) 24 00:01:10,137 --> 00:01:11,537 Narrator: This time... 25 00:01:11,539 --> 00:01:13,338 Kathleen martinez: We're going to start from here. 26 00:01:13,340 --> 00:01:16,975 Narrator: Kathleen is in search of the lost tomb of cleopatra. 27 00:01:16,977 --> 00:01:19,244 Kathleen: I have to go down and see. 28 00:01:19,246 --> 00:01:21,580 Narrator: Calliope digs up a city center 29 00:01:21,582 --> 00:01:24,249 In the hunt for the queen's capital... 30 00:01:24,251 --> 00:01:26,685 Calliope limneos-papakosta: Look how big it is. 31 00:01:26,687 --> 00:01:29,321 Narrator: ...Uncovering heroes and kings. 32 00:01:29,323 --> 00:01:30,622 Calliope: Amazing. 33 00:01:30,624 --> 00:01:33,625 Helmet and weapon means a warrior. 34 00:01:33,627 --> 00:01:36,128 Narrator: And in the ancient egyptian land of the dead... 35 00:01:36,130 --> 00:01:37,863 Bahaa gaber: You feel that something here. 36 00:01:37,865 --> 00:01:40,299 Narrator: Bahaa and his team move mountains... 37 00:01:40,301 --> 00:01:42,234 Bahaa: It seems it's still alive. 38 00:01:42,236 --> 00:01:44,670 Narrator: ...In search of lost pharaohs. 39 00:01:44,672 --> 00:01:47,106 ♪ ♪ 40 00:01:47,108 --> 00:01:51,510 ♪ ♪ 41 00:01:54,315 --> 00:01:57,216 The floodplains of the river nile, 42 00:01:57,218 --> 00:01:59,751 Home to one of the longest-lived civilizations 43 00:01:59,753 --> 00:02:02,554 Of the ancient world, 44 00:02:02,556 --> 00:02:07,726 And the burial ground of pharaohs for over 3,000 years. 45 00:02:07,728 --> 00:02:10,996 But not all of egypt's rulers built giant monuments 46 00:02:10,998 --> 00:02:15,167 To mark their final resting place. 47 00:02:15,169 --> 00:02:18,504 Some tombs remain lost, 48 00:02:18,506 --> 00:02:24,143 And there is one that the world is desperate to find. 49 00:02:24,145 --> 00:02:28,347 The last resting place of cleopatra. 50 00:02:28,349 --> 00:02:32,317 Last year, dominican archaeologist kathleen martinez 51 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:35,921 Discovered traces of a large void beneath the ruins 52 00:02:35,923 --> 00:02:40,559 Of the northern egyptian temple of taposiris magna. 53 00:02:40,561 --> 00:02:44,897 Kathleen: Wow. I'm gonna cry, I'm so happy. 54 00:02:44,899 --> 00:02:47,866 Narrator: She believes it could hold clues to, 55 00:02:47,868 --> 00:02:52,804 Or perhaps even be, the lost tomb of egypt's final pharaoh. 56 00:02:54,341 --> 00:02:56,141 Kathleen: We have this temple 57 00:02:56,143 --> 00:03:00,112 Which was dedicated to osiris and isis. 58 00:03:00,114 --> 00:03:03,315 It could be the final resting place of queen cleopatra, 59 00:03:03,317 --> 00:03:07,853 Because she was the human representation of goddess isis. 60 00:03:07,855 --> 00:03:10,689 It fit perfect with cleopatra's story. 61 00:03:14,762 --> 00:03:17,095 Narrator: At the time of cleopatra's death, 62 00:03:17,097 --> 00:03:19,998 Taposiris magna had been a religious sanctuary 63 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:23,001 For more than two centuries. 64 00:03:23,003 --> 00:03:28,207 Thick walls protected an area the size of a city block. 65 00:03:28,209 --> 00:03:30,876 Egyptians would come to the temple complex 66 00:03:30,878 --> 00:03:34,012 To worship isis and osiris. 67 00:03:34,014 --> 00:03:38,250 Here archaeologists unearthed broken statues of isis, 68 00:03:38,252 --> 00:03:41,286 The goddess cleopatra most admired. 69 00:03:41,288 --> 00:03:43,722 They also discovered an alabaster bust 70 00:03:43,724 --> 00:03:45,490 Of the legendary queen, 71 00:03:45,492 --> 00:03:48,961 And a broken mask resembling portraits of her lover, 72 00:03:48,963 --> 00:03:51,663 The roman general, mark antony. 73 00:03:51,665 --> 00:03:54,032 Could this mean the taposiris magna 74 00:03:54,034 --> 00:03:56,969 Is cleopatra's final resting place? 75 00:04:00,908 --> 00:04:04,276 It's a theory kathleen has been meticulously building 76 00:04:04,278 --> 00:04:07,279 For more than a decade. 77 00:04:07,281 --> 00:04:08,981 Kathleen: The last queen of egypt 78 00:04:08,983 --> 00:04:12,017 Was an extraordinary woman. 79 00:04:12,019 --> 00:04:16,688 She was a goddess, she was a warrior, she was a queen, 80 00:04:16,690 --> 00:04:20,659 She was a mother, and she fascinates me. 81 00:04:22,763 --> 00:04:25,998 Narrator: To excavate down to the void beneath the temple 82 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:27,332 Would mean destroying 83 00:04:27,334 --> 00:04:31,803 2,000-year-old egyptian heritage. 84 00:04:31,805 --> 00:04:35,574 But kathleen believes there may be a better route. 85 00:04:35,576 --> 00:04:38,677 Kathleen: One of the main objective 86 00:04:38,679 --> 00:04:41,046 When I came to taposiris magna 87 00:04:41,048 --> 00:04:45,284 Was to discover possible tunnels, passages underground 88 00:04:45,286 --> 00:04:48,920 That might lead me to the tombs. 89 00:04:48,922 --> 00:04:55,260 Right now I have 14 tunnels discovered and seven chambers. 90 00:04:55,262 --> 00:04:57,562 I believe one of those tunnels 91 00:04:57,564 --> 00:05:01,333 Will lead me to the tomb of queen cleopatra. 92 00:05:04,571 --> 00:05:07,639 Narrator: Only a few sections of the 14 underground tunnels 93 00:05:07,641 --> 00:05:09,808 Have been explored; 94 00:05:09,810 --> 00:05:13,111 Any of them could lead kathleen to her target. 95 00:05:13,113 --> 00:05:16,448 But she can only access the subterranean network 96 00:05:16,450 --> 00:05:19,217 Via precipitous shafts. 97 00:05:19,219 --> 00:05:23,021 With a potential drop as deep as an eight-story building, 98 00:05:23,023 --> 00:05:25,891 She can't take any risks. 99 00:05:25,893 --> 00:05:27,559 Kathleen: There is a big problem 100 00:05:27,561 --> 00:05:33,198 Because the way they've placed the ladder, it's crazy. 101 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:37,169 This is like committing suicide. 102 00:05:37,171 --> 00:05:40,305 We risk our lives every day, 103 00:05:40,307 --> 00:05:44,109 Trying to solve the secrets of taposiris magna. 104 00:05:44,111 --> 00:05:45,677 Narrator: Without a long enough ladder, 105 00:05:45,679 --> 00:05:47,979 Kathleen's team can't get to the tunnel 106 00:05:47,981 --> 00:05:50,148 She hopes to explore. 107 00:05:50,150 --> 00:05:55,420 She needs to extend the ladder, but that requires a blacksmith. 108 00:05:55,422 --> 00:05:57,122 Kathleen: I say I need it in one hour, 109 00:05:57,124 --> 00:06:00,792 They say, "well, maybe two, we are discussing." 110 00:06:00,794 --> 00:06:01,760 Man: One hour. 111 00:06:01,762 --> 00:06:03,028 Kathleen: One hour, but. 112 00:06:03,030 --> 00:06:05,130 (laughs) 113 00:06:05,132 --> 00:06:07,999 When we go down, we'll find cleopatra. 114 00:06:08,001 --> 00:06:11,937 (laughing) 115 00:06:11,939 --> 00:06:14,272 Narrator: If she can't get a longer ladder, 116 00:06:14,274 --> 00:06:18,510 The secrets below ground will remain out of reach. 117 00:06:20,714 --> 00:06:25,083 30 miles to the east is one of egypt's busiest cities: 118 00:06:25,085 --> 00:06:26,752 Alexandria. 119 00:06:28,756 --> 00:06:31,456 This was cleopatra's capital, 120 00:06:31,458 --> 00:06:34,526 The center of power for her family line, 121 00:06:34,528 --> 00:06:37,963 Known as the ptolemies. 122 00:06:37,965 --> 00:06:42,367 Calliope limneos-papakosta has been unearthing the treasures 123 00:06:42,369 --> 00:06:47,239 Of ptolemaic egypt for more than 10 years. 124 00:06:47,241 --> 00:06:49,541 Among them, an incredible statue 125 00:06:49,543 --> 00:06:52,677 Of the legendary conqueror of the ancient world, 126 00:06:52,679 --> 00:06:54,479 Alexander the great. 127 00:06:56,683 --> 00:06:59,885 Calliope: This is the most important moment of my life, 128 00:06:59,887 --> 00:07:03,088 The discovery of this statue. 129 00:07:03,090 --> 00:07:06,224 When I took the soil out of his face, 130 00:07:06,226 --> 00:07:09,761 I was sure I faced alexander the great, 131 00:07:09,763 --> 00:07:12,130 The founder of the city of alexandria. 132 00:07:12,132 --> 00:07:16,234 The hero of the greeks, the hero of the egyptians after that. 133 00:07:16,236 --> 00:07:21,773 The hero of all the nations that he conquered. 134 00:07:21,775 --> 00:07:26,311 Narrator: Alexander's city was a mediterranean powerhouse. 135 00:07:26,313 --> 00:07:30,048 It flourished for almost 300 years under the ptolemies 136 00:07:30,050 --> 00:07:33,351 Until rule passed to the dynasty's final queen. 137 00:07:35,823 --> 00:07:37,989 Born in 69 bc, 138 00:07:37,991 --> 00:07:42,060 Cleopatra was the daughter of king ptolemy xii. 139 00:07:42,062 --> 00:07:44,162 Her father died when she was 18, 140 00:07:44,164 --> 00:07:47,532 And cleopatra became queen. 141 00:07:47,534 --> 00:07:51,403 But she had to share the throne with her 12-year-old brother, 142 00:07:51,405 --> 00:07:53,505 And also marry him. 143 00:07:53,507 --> 00:07:55,006 He sent her into exile, 144 00:07:55,008 --> 00:07:56,741 But she smuggled herself 145 00:07:56,743 --> 00:07:59,945 Into the company of roman dictator julius caesar 146 00:07:59,947 --> 00:08:03,381 And persuaded him to help reinstate her as queen. 147 00:08:03,383 --> 00:08:06,585 Educated in the famous library of alexandria, 148 00:08:06,587 --> 00:08:08,854 Cleopatra spoke several languages 149 00:08:08,856 --> 00:08:10,522 And became known for her intelligence 150 00:08:10,524 --> 00:08:12,491 And political skill. 151 00:08:12,493 --> 00:08:14,993 She led egypt's forces into battle 152 00:08:14,995 --> 00:08:16,528 And kept the country independent 153 00:08:16,530 --> 00:08:18,330 Right up to her death. 154 00:08:23,337 --> 00:08:29,007 Cleopatra's capital once boasted unimaginable wealth. 155 00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:33,578 Today its remains are buried. 156 00:08:33,580 --> 00:08:37,048 Calliope's mission is not to dig up cleopatra's body, 157 00:08:37,050 --> 00:08:39,651 But to uncover her life. 158 00:08:39,653 --> 00:08:45,357 Her target is cleopatra's home, the ancient royal quarter. 159 00:08:45,359 --> 00:08:49,194 It could hold long-forgotten secrets of the egyptian queen 160 00:08:49,196 --> 00:08:52,597 As well as her ancestors. 161 00:08:52,599 --> 00:08:56,301 Calliope: In the area of the royal quarter, 162 00:08:56,303 --> 00:09:00,105 Ptolemy iv constructed a huge mausoleum. 163 00:09:00,107 --> 00:09:03,942 All the ptolemies were buried in this mausoleum, 164 00:09:03,944 --> 00:09:08,880 Except one: The queen cleopatra. 165 00:09:08,882 --> 00:09:11,249 Narrator: Calliope hunts in alexandria's equivalent 166 00:09:11,251 --> 00:09:16,454 Of central park, shallalat gardens. 167 00:09:16,456 --> 00:09:17,923 It's here that she discovered 168 00:09:17,925 --> 00:09:23,228 Her marble statue of alexander the great. 169 00:09:23,230 --> 00:09:26,197 But this dig is no walk in the park; 170 00:09:26,199 --> 00:09:28,833 It's a fight against nature. 171 00:09:31,238 --> 00:09:33,838 Calliope: Our target is the ptolemaic level, 172 00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:39,678 And this level is lower than the water table. 173 00:09:39,680 --> 00:09:44,749 It's a huge project, pumping the water now 24 hours per day. 174 00:09:47,521 --> 00:09:50,455 But we believe that this area 175 00:09:50,457 --> 00:09:54,292 Has a lot of secrets to be revealed. 176 00:09:54,294 --> 00:09:58,697 Narrator: If the pumps fail, the site will be drowned, 177 00:09:58,699 --> 00:10:02,801 Destroying an entire season's progress in a matter of hours. 178 00:10:05,539 --> 00:10:09,774 400 miles south of alexandria is luxor, 179 00:10:09,776 --> 00:10:14,446 Site of the ancient capital of thebes. 180 00:10:14,448 --> 00:10:17,182 This was the heart of the ancient egyptian culture 181 00:10:17,184 --> 00:10:23,021 That cleopatra inherited and ruled over. 182 00:10:23,023 --> 00:10:27,726 The city was the seat of egypt's pharaohs. 183 00:10:27,728 --> 00:10:29,294 Their tombs are scattered 184 00:10:29,296 --> 00:10:33,298 Throughout the nearby valley of the kings. 185 00:10:33,300 --> 00:10:37,669 But like the tomb of cleopatra, many have never been found. 186 00:10:42,709 --> 00:10:45,510 Bahaa: We can remove this debris from here. 187 00:10:45,512 --> 00:10:48,213 Narrator: Bahaa gaber and his team are here to scour 188 00:10:48,215 --> 00:10:49,748 The mouth of the valley 189 00:10:49,750 --> 00:10:53,251 On the mountain site of dra abu el-naga. 190 00:10:53,253 --> 00:10:55,220 Bahaa: Oh, wow, this is linen! 191 00:10:55,222 --> 00:10:59,924 It means that we should have a mummy! 192 00:10:59,926 --> 00:11:01,092 Narrator: And he has a particular 193 00:11:01,094 --> 00:11:05,096 Lost pharaoh in mind. 194 00:11:05,098 --> 00:11:08,566 Bahaa: We are missing one of the tombs in valley of the kings, 195 00:11:08,568 --> 00:11:13,405 The tomb of a king called amenhotep I. 196 00:11:13,407 --> 00:11:16,808 We are thinking that this king had been buried here 197 00:11:16,810 --> 00:11:19,210 In dra abu el-naga. 198 00:11:19,212 --> 00:11:21,980 Narrator: Amenhotep I was among the early kings 199 00:11:21,982 --> 00:11:25,016 Of the famous 18th dynasty. 200 00:11:25,018 --> 00:11:28,186 His successors, including tutankhamun, 201 00:11:28,188 --> 00:11:30,388 Were buried nearby. 202 00:11:30,390 --> 00:11:35,093 It means this mountain could be a prized burial ground. 203 00:11:35,095 --> 00:11:38,663 Bahaa: The ancient people carved the tomb on the bedrock, 204 00:11:38,665 --> 00:11:42,167 That's why we are cleaning the mountain. 205 00:11:43,937 --> 00:11:47,472 We divided the area into three different sites, 206 00:11:47,474 --> 00:11:52,844 Each one of those groups, they are looking for a tomb. 207 00:11:52,846 --> 00:11:55,013 Narrator: After three years of digging, 208 00:11:55,015 --> 00:11:56,948 His team may be closer than ever 209 00:11:56,950 --> 00:12:00,618 To their dream of finding a king. 210 00:12:00,620 --> 00:12:03,888 Archaeologist ahmed el-taayeb investigates 211 00:12:03,890 --> 00:12:08,093 A corner of the site where workers are uncovering a wall. 212 00:12:08,095 --> 00:12:12,330 In the dust they find clues that it might enclose a tomb. 213 00:12:17,170 --> 00:12:19,337 Narrator: On this desolate mountain, 214 00:12:19,339 --> 00:12:21,439 At the base of a rock wall, 215 00:12:21,441 --> 00:12:25,110 This shard of wood can only be one thing. 216 00:12:42,829 --> 00:12:45,163 Narrator: It's barely 8:00 am on the mountain 217 00:12:45,165 --> 00:12:50,068 At dra abu el-naga, but ahmed's crew is buzzing. 218 00:12:50,070 --> 00:12:51,903 A coffin could be the clue 219 00:12:51,905 --> 00:12:55,607 That leads him and fellow archaeologist mohamed beabesh 220 00:12:55,609 --> 00:12:58,009 To a lost pharaoh's tomb. 221 00:12:58,011 --> 00:12:59,644 They pick up the pace. 222 00:13:12,159 --> 00:13:15,293 Narrator: What at first looked like a fallen piece of wall 223 00:13:15,295 --> 00:13:17,629 Could be a woman's gravestone. 224 00:13:27,174 --> 00:13:29,707 Narrator: If the tomb marker and the coffin fragments 225 00:13:29,709 --> 00:13:33,912 Go together, it's a good sign. 226 00:13:33,914 --> 00:13:37,015 This could be a noble's burial. 227 00:13:37,017 --> 00:13:40,418 The king might not be far away. 228 00:13:40,420 --> 00:13:43,988 Bahaa: Oh, mohamed, I think you feel there's something here. 229 00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:47,458 Mohamed: I feel it, I just feel it, I just feel it. 230 00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:49,494 Bahaa: We keep going, we keep going and see. 231 00:13:49,496 --> 00:13:51,863 Mohamed: Okay. 232 00:13:51,865 --> 00:13:55,400 Narrator: At the temple complex of taposiris magna, 233 00:13:55,402 --> 00:13:58,803 Kathleen martinez and her team have moved tons of earth 234 00:13:58,805 --> 00:14:01,072 In search of cleopatra. 235 00:14:01,074 --> 00:14:02,974 The result of all that labor 236 00:14:02,976 --> 00:14:06,744 Is a breathtaking network of ancient chambers. 237 00:14:10,917 --> 00:14:13,418 Underneath the beautiful temple, 238 00:14:13,420 --> 00:14:18,423 There's a labyrinth of tunnels holding many secrets. 239 00:14:18,425 --> 00:14:21,025 In one shaft, kathleen found the remains 240 00:14:21,027 --> 00:14:23,027 Of a pregnant greek woman, 241 00:14:23,029 --> 00:14:28,066 Clutching a bust of alexander the great. 242 00:14:28,068 --> 00:14:31,336 In another shaft, 80 feet below the ground, 243 00:14:31,338 --> 00:14:34,706 She found two people, thought to be priests, 244 00:14:34,708 --> 00:14:38,176 Buried in the fetal position and adorned with jewelry. 245 00:14:40,914 --> 00:14:43,481 These burials build kathleen's case 246 00:14:43,483 --> 00:14:47,252 The taposiris magna was a very important site, 247 00:14:47,254 --> 00:14:51,122 With plenty of places for cleopatra to lie hidden. 248 00:14:55,662 --> 00:14:59,864 But this season, unprecedented storms have hit the site. 249 00:14:59,866 --> 00:15:02,934 The rains have taken days off her dig schedule, 250 00:15:02,936 --> 00:15:06,671 Throwing her plans into chaos 251 00:15:06,673 --> 00:15:09,374 And threatening all her work. 252 00:15:11,544 --> 00:15:15,580 Kathleen's team has been using tomb two for storage, 253 00:15:15,582 --> 00:15:17,215 But rain dripping through the rock 254 00:15:17,217 --> 00:15:20,585 Has entirely submerged the lower chamber, 255 00:15:20,587 --> 00:15:26,257 Putting her carefully excavated ancient remains underwater. 256 00:15:26,259 --> 00:15:29,127 Kathleen: This is a rescue archaeology. 257 00:15:29,129 --> 00:15:32,030 We are trying to rescue the human remains 258 00:15:32,032 --> 00:15:34,465 That has been flooded. 259 00:15:34,467 --> 00:15:38,403 And we need to do something. 260 00:15:38,405 --> 00:15:41,105 Narrator: While the team bails out the storage area, 261 00:15:41,107 --> 00:15:44,175 Archaeologist linda chapon turns her attention 262 00:15:44,177 --> 00:15:48,680 To an unexcavated corner of the tomb that escaped the flood. 263 00:15:48,682 --> 00:15:50,748 The burials here could hold clues 264 00:15:50,750 --> 00:15:53,952 To other secrets hidden at the site 265 00:15:53,954 --> 00:15:58,523 And help steer kathleen's search for cleopatra. 266 00:15:58,525 --> 00:16:00,391 Linda chapon: I think that it has been disturbed 267 00:16:00,393 --> 00:16:02,660 Because the skulls are not placed 268 00:16:02,662 --> 00:16:05,763 In their original position. 269 00:16:05,765 --> 00:16:08,533 Narrator: The bones are scattered. 270 00:16:08,535 --> 00:16:13,504 Whoever they were, these bodies had something worth looting. 271 00:16:13,506 --> 00:16:16,574 But even though robbers have ransacked the corpses, 272 00:16:16,576 --> 00:16:18,509 Clues still remain. 273 00:16:18,511 --> 00:16:19,610 Kathleen: This one is very well preserved. 274 00:16:19,612 --> 00:16:20,578 Linda: Yeah. 275 00:16:20,580 --> 00:16:22,780 Kathleen: It looks like a woman. 276 00:16:22,782 --> 00:16:25,917 She has beautiful teeth. 277 00:16:25,919 --> 00:16:30,855 Only people which were very rich would take care of themselves, 278 00:16:30,857 --> 00:16:33,358 And they had beautiful teeth. 279 00:16:35,895 --> 00:16:38,796 Narrator: Wealthy burials strengthened kathleen's case 280 00:16:38,798 --> 00:16:41,065 That the site could hide royalty, 281 00:16:41,067 --> 00:16:44,202 And they date to the end of the ptolemaic period: 282 00:16:44,204 --> 00:16:47,038 Cleopatra's dynasty. 283 00:16:47,040 --> 00:16:50,908 Linda: Sometimes I wonder, did these people meet her? 284 00:16:50,910 --> 00:16:52,543 Were they friends? 285 00:16:52,545 --> 00:16:56,080 If these people are from the time of queen cleopatra, 286 00:16:56,082 --> 00:17:00,852 That's a very important discovery for us. 287 00:17:00,854 --> 00:17:03,688 Narrator: Kathleen has built up six seasons' worth 288 00:17:03,690 --> 00:17:07,425 Of precious human remains backing up her hunch. 289 00:17:07,427 --> 00:17:11,829 But too long underwater, and her evidence will fall apart. 290 00:17:15,969 --> 00:17:18,036 In the center of alexandria, 291 00:17:18,038 --> 00:17:20,538 Calliope has been holding back floodwaters 292 00:17:20,540 --> 00:17:23,374 For more than a decade. 293 00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:25,009 Calliope: If we stop pumping, 294 00:17:25,011 --> 00:17:29,614 This area is like a lake, becomes a swimming pool. 295 00:17:29,616 --> 00:17:32,717 Narrator: She's searching for the royal quarter of the city 296 00:17:32,719 --> 00:17:36,087 And clues to cleopatra's life. 297 00:17:36,089 --> 00:17:39,857 Exactly where she discovered alexander the great's statue, 298 00:17:39,859 --> 00:17:43,928 Her team uncovers a further tantalizing clue. 299 00:17:43,930 --> 00:17:46,397 Calliope: Amazing. 300 00:17:46,399 --> 00:17:48,099 You recognize this? 301 00:17:48,101 --> 00:17:50,201 (laughs) 302 00:17:50,203 --> 00:17:52,837 The right hand holds a weapon; 303 00:17:52,839 --> 00:17:55,873 Helmet and weapon means a warrior. 304 00:17:55,875 --> 00:18:01,345 This is the third head of alexander we find. 305 00:18:01,347 --> 00:18:03,414 Narrator: Alexander the great was revered 306 00:18:03,416 --> 00:18:08,486 Right up to cleopatra's time, almost 300 years later. 307 00:18:08,488 --> 00:18:11,089 The royal quarter would have been filled with artworks 308 00:18:11,091 --> 00:18:15,426 And monuments to the city's founding hero. 309 00:18:15,428 --> 00:18:16,861 Man: Go ahead, one meter. 310 00:18:16,863 --> 00:18:19,297 Narrator: But calliope also uncovers evidence 311 00:18:19,299 --> 00:18:21,933 At a much greater scale. 312 00:18:21,935 --> 00:18:23,534 Calliope: Look how big it is, 313 00:18:23,536 --> 00:18:25,503 And we have not arrived to the end. 314 00:18:25,505 --> 00:18:29,674 So, I believe this is the external wall of this building. 315 00:18:29,676 --> 00:18:32,543 Narrator: The foundations of the newly unearthed building 316 00:18:32,545 --> 00:18:35,313 Are laid on bedrock. 317 00:18:35,315 --> 00:18:37,615 It means calliope can date the structure 318 00:18:37,617 --> 00:18:42,253 Right back to the founding of the city. 319 00:18:42,255 --> 00:18:44,021 The building's sheer size 320 00:18:44,023 --> 00:18:48,893 Means it can't be a workshop or ordinary dwelling. 321 00:18:48,895 --> 00:18:52,096 Calliope: We have an enormous building 322 00:18:52,098 --> 00:18:56,334 That possibly was one of the famous public buildings 323 00:18:56,336 --> 00:19:01,539 Of the royal quarter of ptolemaic alexandria. 324 00:19:01,541 --> 00:19:02,940 Narrator: It's evidence she's digging 325 00:19:02,942 --> 00:19:05,209 In the right part of town. 326 00:19:07,947 --> 00:19:13,885 In 365 ad, a huge earthquake hit ancient alexandria 327 00:19:13,887 --> 00:19:16,354 And leveled most of its buildings. 328 00:19:19,058 --> 00:19:21,092 As people rebuilt the city, 329 00:19:21,094 --> 00:19:26,764 All traces of cleopatra's royal quarter disappeared. 330 00:19:26,766 --> 00:19:28,966 But the geographer strabo had written 331 00:19:28,968 --> 00:19:30,735 A detailed first-hand account 332 00:19:30,737 --> 00:19:35,273 Of alexandria's original layout before the quake. 333 00:19:35,275 --> 00:19:39,143 Strabo states that cleopatra's palaces and temples 334 00:19:39,145 --> 00:19:43,014 Were all gathered around alexandria's main crossroads. 335 00:19:47,053 --> 00:19:50,888 Calliope believes the ancient layouts strabo described 336 00:19:50,890 --> 00:19:54,325 Is the basis for the modern city plan. 337 00:19:54,327 --> 00:19:57,295 If so, the foundations she has discovered 338 00:19:57,297 --> 00:20:00,831 Are in the right place. 339 00:20:00,833 --> 00:20:04,235 Calliope: We are very close to the main street 340 00:20:04,237 --> 00:20:06,971 Of modern alexandria. 341 00:20:06,973 --> 00:20:11,442 This is a good sign, because the monuments, the buildings, 342 00:20:11,444 --> 00:20:16,314 The royal cemetery, supposed to be around here. 343 00:20:16,316 --> 00:20:17,949 Narrator: But she needs to find evidence 344 00:20:17,951 --> 00:20:20,851 Of the ancient crossroads, 345 00:20:20,853 --> 00:20:22,220 If she's to pin down 346 00:20:22,222 --> 00:20:25,089 Cleopatra's palaces and temples. 347 00:20:28,695 --> 00:20:31,495 It's the final few days of the field season 348 00:20:31,497 --> 00:20:34,565 At taposiris magna. 349 00:20:34,567 --> 00:20:36,400 Kathleen is running out of time 350 00:20:36,402 --> 00:20:39,670 To find a route to the cavity beneath the temple 351 00:20:39,672 --> 00:20:43,140 That she hopes is cleopatra's tomb. 352 00:20:43,142 --> 00:20:44,809 But news has come in 353 00:20:44,811 --> 00:20:48,546 From the team working on access to the tunnels. 354 00:20:48,548 --> 00:20:50,081 Kathleen: They told me the ladder arrived, 355 00:20:50,083 --> 00:20:52,116 And I'm going to look in the shaft now 356 00:20:52,118 --> 00:20:55,119 To see if it's possible to go down. 357 00:20:55,121 --> 00:20:57,088 Narrator: Lashed together with some rope, 358 00:20:57,090 --> 00:21:00,524 She decides the ladder system should hold. 359 00:21:00,526 --> 00:21:05,129 But the greater risk may await in the shaft itself. 360 00:21:05,131 --> 00:21:07,765 Kathleen: I have a very shaky ladder, 361 00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:13,671 And down in the shaft, it's full of snakes. 362 00:21:13,673 --> 00:21:16,574 This is the situation I have right now. 363 00:21:16,576 --> 00:21:19,343 Narrator: Kathleen hopes bags of bedouin herbs 364 00:21:19,345 --> 00:21:22,113 Will ward off the venomous reptiles. 365 00:21:22,115 --> 00:21:24,949 But all this preparation might still be in vain 366 00:21:24,951 --> 00:21:26,384 If her team's suggestions 367 00:21:26,386 --> 00:21:29,587 Of chest-high floodwaters are true. 368 00:21:29,589 --> 00:21:32,423 Kathleen: The water is more than one meter, 369 00:21:32,425 --> 00:21:36,227 And so they think it will cover me completely. 370 00:21:36,229 --> 00:21:38,529 I have to go down and see anyway. 371 00:21:46,239 --> 00:21:49,140 Narrator: Kathleen's high-risk game of snakes and ladders 372 00:21:49,142 --> 00:21:51,142 Is finally underway. 373 00:21:51,144 --> 00:21:52,376 Kathleen: Oh. 374 00:21:52,378 --> 00:21:53,778 Narrator: This could be the shaft 375 00:21:53,780 --> 00:21:57,214 That leads her to cleopatra's tomb. 376 00:21:57,216 --> 00:22:00,051 Her tallest worker, saber, is already down, 377 00:22:00,053 --> 00:22:01,719 Testing the floodwaters 378 00:22:01,721 --> 00:22:05,122 And hanging the bedouin anti-snake herbs. 379 00:22:07,193 --> 00:22:10,428 But he returns with an entirely unexpected problem. 380 00:22:16,202 --> 00:22:18,703 Kathleen: Huh? A mouse? Saber: Yeah. 381 00:22:29,082 --> 00:22:31,649 Narrator: The rotting rodents are unpleasant, 382 00:22:31,651 --> 00:22:35,119 But the unusually deep water is dangerous. 383 00:22:35,121 --> 00:22:38,155 One slip in the darkness could be fatal. 384 00:22:40,593 --> 00:22:42,793 Narrator: Until the floodwater subsides, 385 00:22:42,795 --> 00:22:46,097 Kathleen won't be able to follow the passage. 386 00:22:46,099 --> 00:22:49,367 Kathleen: I could not stand up even in the tunnel. 387 00:22:49,369 --> 00:22:55,740 The rats that live there die, and they are decomposing. 388 00:22:55,742 --> 00:22:58,175 It smells horrible. 389 00:22:58,177 --> 00:23:00,177 Narrator: There's no way the tunnel will dry out 390 00:23:00,179 --> 00:23:03,347 Before kathleen has to close the site. 391 00:23:03,349 --> 00:23:04,982 Kathleen: That's it for the tunnel this year, 392 00:23:04,984 --> 00:23:08,853 There's nothing else we can do. 393 00:23:08,855 --> 00:23:10,821 Narrator: With the underground route flooded, 394 00:23:10,823 --> 00:23:14,525 Kathleen needs to find another way to the underground void 395 00:23:14,527 --> 00:23:17,128 She hopes holds cleopatra. 396 00:23:19,766 --> 00:23:23,134 In the city of alexandria's shallalat gardens, 397 00:23:23,136 --> 00:23:26,036 Calliope has dug down 30 feet 398 00:23:26,038 --> 00:23:30,040 In the hunt for cleopatra's royal quarter. 399 00:23:30,042 --> 00:23:32,076 Calliope: If we find the crossroads, 400 00:23:32,078 --> 00:23:36,113 It will make us become closer to the location 401 00:23:36,115 --> 00:23:39,850 Of the burial place of the ptolemies. 402 00:23:39,852 --> 00:23:42,620 Narrator: But she faces a problem. 403 00:23:42,622 --> 00:23:44,255 Calliope: The death of cleopatra 404 00:23:44,257 --> 00:23:46,924 Is the end of the ptolemaic dynasty, 405 00:23:46,926 --> 00:23:52,596 And also it's the end of a whole era, historical era. 406 00:23:52,598 --> 00:23:57,902 Romans come after that, and things change in alexandria. 407 00:23:57,904 --> 00:24:02,506 Narrator: The conquering romans built over cleopatra's capital. 408 00:24:02,508 --> 00:24:04,942 20 feet down, calliope discovers 409 00:24:04,944 --> 00:24:09,980 What seems to be a highway running across her dig. 410 00:24:09,982 --> 00:24:12,750 Calliope: So, these black stones are not just stones, 411 00:24:12,752 --> 00:24:14,718 They're precious stones, 412 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:18,956 And when we see black stones, we know we have a roman road. 413 00:24:18,958 --> 00:24:21,358 Narrator: The romans may have leveled the city, 414 00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:23,627 But calliope believes their engineering 415 00:24:23,629 --> 00:24:25,796 Could be a blessing in disguise. 416 00:24:25,798 --> 00:24:30,000 Calliope: Most of the roman streets we find in alexandria 417 00:24:30,002 --> 00:24:34,305 Have earlier ptolemaic streets underneath. 418 00:24:37,310 --> 00:24:40,177 Narrator: Calliope thinks the roman road network 419 00:24:40,179 --> 00:24:43,080 Mirrors the road layout of ancient alexandria 420 00:24:43,082 --> 00:24:45,115 At the time of cleopatra. 421 00:24:48,321 --> 00:24:52,723 Calliope's plan is to excavate her small roman road 422 00:24:52,725 --> 00:24:55,793 Until she finds the main road that cuts across it, 423 00:24:55,795 --> 00:24:58,829 Which might then lead her to the ancient city center 424 00:24:58,831 --> 00:25:02,366 Where cleopatra's royal quarter once stood. 425 00:25:04,203 --> 00:25:07,438 Calliope: We are in the right location. 426 00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:10,140 We are near the crossroad, 427 00:25:10,142 --> 00:25:15,813 But, for sure, there is a lot of work to be done. 428 00:25:15,815 --> 00:25:17,348 Narrator: The trouble is 429 00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:20,184 There is still 2,000 years' worth of debris 430 00:25:20,186 --> 00:25:24,154 Between calliope and the ancient road network, 431 00:25:24,156 --> 00:25:27,525 And her route to cleopatra's royal quarter. 432 00:25:30,129 --> 00:25:31,829 At dra abu el-naga, 433 00:25:31,831 --> 00:25:36,200 Near the mouth of luxor's the valley of the kings, 434 00:25:36,202 --> 00:25:41,272 Bahaa's team is searching for the pharaoh amenhotep I. 435 00:25:41,274 --> 00:25:46,377 They've discovered a grave marker and coffin fragments. 436 00:25:46,379 --> 00:25:49,446 This could be a collapsed tomb. 437 00:25:49,448 --> 00:25:52,816 Ahmed el-taayeb: Call to the director, the chief. 438 00:25:52,818 --> 00:25:55,886 (yells) 439 00:25:55,888 --> 00:25:57,755 Bahaa: They are calling us. 440 00:25:57,757 --> 00:26:00,124 Narrator: A flash of color in the dry desert sand 441 00:26:00,126 --> 00:26:04,595 Could confirm this as a burial place. 442 00:26:04,597 --> 00:26:06,864 Bahaa: It's good news, oh, wow. 443 00:26:19,011 --> 00:26:21,011 Narrator: The faces on male coffins 444 00:26:21,013 --> 00:26:23,547 Nearly always had facial hair. 445 00:26:23,549 --> 00:26:27,718 This casket almost certainly belongs to a woman. 446 00:26:27,720 --> 00:26:31,589 Bahaa: Look at the eyes, it seems it's still alive. 447 00:26:31,591 --> 00:26:33,757 Narrator: This is bahaa's first opportunity 448 00:26:33,759 --> 00:26:37,528 To pin a date on the tomb. 449 00:26:37,530 --> 00:26:39,730 Bahaa: The stone that we found this morning, 450 00:26:39,732 --> 00:26:43,233 And then we found the face, the wooden face. 451 00:26:43,235 --> 00:26:44,835 Mohamed: Wonderful work. 452 00:26:44,837 --> 00:26:48,672 Bahaa: This is the style of the late egyptian period. 453 00:26:48,674 --> 00:26:50,874 Narrator: The find dates to hundreds of years 454 00:26:50,876 --> 00:26:53,844 After amenhotep. 455 00:26:53,846 --> 00:26:57,681 Their discovery proves this was a cemetery then. 456 00:26:57,683 --> 00:27:01,185 Now bahaa is on the hunt for proof it was a burial ground 457 00:27:01,187 --> 00:27:04,655 In the time of the pharaoh himself. 458 00:27:04,657 --> 00:27:07,858 Bahaa: When you find some stuff like that, 459 00:27:07,860 --> 00:27:14,632 It's a sign that you are going to find something! 460 00:27:14,634 --> 00:27:19,069 So we are very close to an amazing tomb. 461 00:27:26,512 --> 00:27:27,444 Narrator: At the northern egyptian temple 462 00:27:27,446 --> 00:27:29,446 Of taposiris magna, 463 00:27:29,448 --> 00:27:32,683 Kathleen needs every piece of evidence the site can provide 464 00:27:32,685 --> 00:27:34,418 To back up her theory 465 00:27:34,420 --> 00:27:38,288 That this is the last resting place of cleopatra. 466 00:27:38,290 --> 00:27:41,191 The human remains she's unearthed this season 467 00:27:41,193 --> 00:27:43,794 Provide crucial data, 468 00:27:43,796 --> 00:27:46,463 But the catastrophic flood in the storage tomb 469 00:27:46,465 --> 00:27:48,932 Threatens her dream. 470 00:27:48,934 --> 00:27:51,769 Kathleen: In that tomb, in one niche, 471 00:27:51,771 --> 00:27:55,973 We have 10 human remains, we have so much. 472 00:27:55,975 --> 00:28:00,744 Linda: We are trying to dry them with a hair dryer. 473 00:28:00,746 --> 00:28:02,479 Better than to leave them in the sun, 474 00:28:02,481 --> 00:28:05,315 The sun has very bad effect on bones. 475 00:28:05,317 --> 00:28:07,484 And it's working, so. 476 00:28:07,486 --> 00:28:09,820 Narrator: Linda now has the thankless task 477 00:28:09,822 --> 00:28:13,157 Of assessing the damage and sorting the remains 478 00:28:13,159 --> 00:28:15,359 For the second time. 479 00:28:15,361 --> 00:28:18,228 Linda: This one, part of a mandible. 480 00:28:18,230 --> 00:28:20,064 This is part of the foot. 481 00:28:20,066 --> 00:28:22,332 This is part of the pelvis. 482 00:28:22,334 --> 00:28:24,868 Vertebras. 483 00:28:24,870 --> 00:28:26,670 Narrator: With some gentle blow drying, 484 00:28:26,672 --> 00:28:29,907 The bones will survive their immersion. 485 00:28:29,909 --> 00:28:33,811 It's a much-needed boost for kathleen. 486 00:28:33,813 --> 00:28:37,948 Kathleen: The thing that keeps me very optimistic 487 00:28:37,950 --> 00:28:41,452 Is that these human remains 488 00:28:41,454 --> 00:28:43,754 Are from the time of queen cleopatra, 489 00:28:43,756 --> 00:28:47,491 And this keeps my theory together. 490 00:28:50,629 --> 00:28:53,363 Narrator: With just one day left of the field season, 491 00:28:53,365 --> 00:28:57,101 It's now too late to excavate the void beneath the temple. 492 00:28:58,904 --> 00:29:00,437 So kathleen brings forward 493 00:29:00,439 --> 00:29:04,341 Plans to use an experimental technology. 494 00:29:04,343 --> 00:29:05,976 Kathleen: We're going to start from here. 495 00:29:05,978 --> 00:29:08,145 Narrator: And prove the cavity is a tomb, 496 00:29:08,147 --> 00:29:10,481 Without even breaking ground. 497 00:29:13,419 --> 00:29:17,821 In the city center of nearby alexandria, 498 00:29:17,823 --> 00:29:21,525 Calliope is working on a new area of excavation, 499 00:29:21,527 --> 00:29:24,928 In line with the roman street. 500 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:26,330 She's following the road 501 00:29:26,332 --> 00:29:28,499 Towards cleopatra's royal quarter 502 00:29:28,501 --> 00:29:31,135 And the tombs of the queen's ancestors. 503 00:29:34,373 --> 00:29:36,106 But with the ancient structures hidden 504 00:29:36,108 --> 00:29:41,011 Below 30 feet of mud and stone, it's heavy work. 505 00:29:41,013 --> 00:29:43,714 Calliope: We have arrived one meter and a half 506 00:29:43,716 --> 00:29:46,183 From the surface of the ground. 507 00:29:46,185 --> 00:29:47,818 We are still very high, 508 00:29:47,820 --> 00:29:51,722 Our target is maybe another eight meters. 509 00:29:51,724 --> 00:29:54,525 Narrator: 2,000 years of destruction and rebuilding 510 00:29:54,527 --> 00:29:58,095 Have jumbled the archaeological record. 511 00:29:58,097 --> 00:29:59,563 Any of these stones could have been 512 00:29:59,565 --> 00:30:03,901 Part of cleopatra's palace or temples. 513 00:30:03,903 --> 00:30:08,505 The team must document every single one. 514 00:30:08,507 --> 00:30:10,941 Calliope: We go slowly, slowly, 515 00:30:10,943 --> 00:30:15,579 And we hope the result will award us. 516 00:30:15,581 --> 00:30:18,081 Be careful if it's black. 517 00:30:18,083 --> 00:30:20,150 Give me the brush. 518 00:30:20,152 --> 00:30:24,221 All these quantity of big stones is debris, 519 00:30:24,223 --> 00:30:29,226 But the fact that we find black stones among them 520 00:30:29,228 --> 00:30:32,296 Is a very good sign. 521 00:30:32,298 --> 00:30:34,398 Narrator: The rock's color and texture show 522 00:30:34,400 --> 00:30:37,501 It's not from the local area. 523 00:30:37,503 --> 00:30:43,073 It could be the black stone the romans used for their roads. 524 00:30:43,075 --> 00:30:46,710 If this proves to be a continuation of the roman road, 525 00:30:46,712 --> 00:30:50,347 It could lead her to the ancient royal quarter, 526 00:30:50,349 --> 00:30:54,351 The epicenter of power in cleopatra's egypt. 527 00:30:54,353 --> 00:30:56,220 ♪ ♪ 528 00:30:56,222 --> 00:31:02,626 ♪ ♪ 529 00:31:02,628 --> 00:31:04,328 Just over a mile 530 00:31:04,330 --> 00:31:07,531 From the famous tombs of the valley of the kings, 531 00:31:07,533 --> 00:31:10,667 Bahaa's hunt for the pharaoh amenhotep I 532 00:31:10,669 --> 00:31:16,106 At dra abu el-naga is producing tantalizing clues. 533 00:31:16,108 --> 00:31:18,508 But he needs to determine whether the necropolis 534 00:31:18,510 --> 00:31:22,813 Was already in use by the time amenhotep's reign began, 535 00:31:22,815 --> 00:31:27,851 At the start of egypt's 18th dynasty of pharaohs. 536 00:31:27,853 --> 00:31:29,586 Further down the mountain, 537 00:31:29,588 --> 00:31:32,890 The team's foreman reports a cluster of intact pots 538 00:31:32,892 --> 00:31:36,026 Emerging from the sand. 539 00:31:36,028 --> 00:31:40,831 For ceramic specialist mohamed, it's an exciting prospect. 540 00:31:40,833 --> 00:31:42,699 It's a clue that could date the site 541 00:31:42,701 --> 00:31:45,769 To a time before amenhotep I. 542 00:31:59,718 --> 00:32:01,285 Narrator: The pot suggests that 543 00:32:01,287 --> 00:32:04,254 By the time of amenhotep's 18th dynasty, 544 00:32:04,256 --> 00:32:08,659 People already came here to commemorate the dead. 545 00:32:08,661 --> 00:32:10,394 (cow moos) 546 00:32:10,396 --> 00:32:12,296 Each year after the harvest, 547 00:32:12,298 --> 00:32:15,198 The people of thebes held a celebration of the dead 548 00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:19,836 Called the beautiful festival of the valley. 549 00:32:19,838 --> 00:32:22,773 They carried statues of thebes' three main gods 550 00:32:22,775 --> 00:32:25,342 In a grand procession out of karnak temple 551 00:32:25,344 --> 00:32:27,511 East of the river. 552 00:32:29,415 --> 00:32:32,215 They crossed the nile on ceremonial boats, 553 00:32:32,217 --> 00:32:34,851 Following the sun's journey from the east bank, 554 00:32:34,853 --> 00:32:36,253 The land of the living, 555 00:32:36,255 --> 00:32:40,857 To the west, the land of the dead. 556 00:32:40,859 --> 00:32:43,360 The procession ended at the tombs and temples 557 00:32:43,362 --> 00:32:46,663 On the west bank, where people had laid offerings, 558 00:32:46,665 --> 00:32:50,334 Including pots of food, at the graves of the deceased. 559 00:32:55,107 --> 00:33:00,510 The ritual ensured the dead had provisions for eternity. 560 00:33:00,512 --> 00:33:04,147 These pots mean a tomb should be very close. 561 00:33:34,980 --> 00:33:36,546 Narrator: The roughly carved casket 562 00:33:36,548 --> 00:33:40,050 Appears to be buried in a miniature tomb. 563 00:33:40,052 --> 00:33:42,185 This is clearly no king, 564 00:33:42,187 --> 00:33:45,255 But it's a vital clue that he might be near. 565 00:33:57,870 --> 00:34:01,738 Narrator: If the burial does predate amenhotep I, 566 00:34:01,740 --> 00:34:06,543 It proves dra abu el-naga was a cemetery by the time he died. 567 00:34:06,545 --> 00:34:09,046 So he could be buried here. 568 00:34:09,048 --> 00:34:10,547 But there's no way to tell 569 00:34:10,549 --> 00:34:13,450 Until this coffin is out of the ground. 570 00:34:20,893 --> 00:34:22,893 Narrator: Mohamed and ahmed have mobilized 571 00:34:22,895 --> 00:34:27,097 A whole team of workers to excavate the coffin. 572 00:34:27,099 --> 00:34:28,799 It's their best lead yet 573 00:34:28,801 --> 00:34:33,603 In the hunt for the missing pharaoh, amenhotep I. 574 00:34:33,605 --> 00:34:37,441 Mohamed: Now we have a coffin, for a child, from one piece. 575 00:34:37,443 --> 00:34:38,775 Ahmed: One tree. 576 00:34:38,777 --> 00:34:41,278 Mohamed: And it's a sycamore tree. 577 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:44,181 (speaking native language) 578 00:34:44,183 --> 00:34:46,983 Narrator: A single dug-out trunk is a key clue 579 00:34:46,985 --> 00:34:50,454 That this burial predates amenhotep's reign; 580 00:34:50,456 --> 00:34:52,055 A boost to their hopes 581 00:34:52,057 --> 00:34:55,492 That the pharaoh was buried in this cemetery. 582 00:34:55,494 --> 00:35:00,363 But the proof will lie inside the coffin. 583 00:35:00,365 --> 00:35:03,300 It looks like the coffin of a tiny infant, 584 00:35:03,302 --> 00:35:04,968 But mummies of the time 585 00:35:04,970 --> 00:35:08,371 Were often stuffed into ill-fitting tree trunks, 586 00:35:08,373 --> 00:35:11,641 Not stretched out comfortably like later mummies. 587 00:35:21,153 --> 00:35:23,053 Narrator: Opening a coffin that has been closed 588 00:35:23,055 --> 00:35:27,224 For thousands of years is a delicate operation. 589 00:35:27,226 --> 00:35:31,228 Any wrong move and they could damage the body inside. 590 00:35:51,550 --> 00:35:54,784 Man: Slowly. Ease. 591 00:35:54,786 --> 00:35:55,652 Yes. 592 00:36:10,736 --> 00:36:13,136 Narrator: This is evidence that the necropolis was in use 593 00:36:13,138 --> 00:36:16,106 By the time amenhotep I died. 594 00:36:31,390 --> 00:36:36,126 Narrator: The hunt for royalty at dra abu el-naga goes on. 595 00:36:36,128 --> 00:36:38,595 But bahaa and his team have confirmed 596 00:36:38,597 --> 00:36:41,364 The cemetery's great age. 597 00:36:41,366 --> 00:36:42,933 They're inching ever closer 598 00:36:42,935 --> 00:36:46,069 To their goal of finding the missing king. 599 00:36:46,071 --> 00:36:51,041 ♪ ♪ 600 00:36:51,043 --> 00:36:54,077 At the temple complex of taposiris magna, 601 00:36:54,079 --> 00:36:57,747 It's the last day of the field season. 602 00:36:57,749 --> 00:36:59,349 Kathleen is in a race to show 603 00:36:59,351 --> 00:37:02,686 The cavity beneath her feet is a tomb. 604 00:37:02,688 --> 00:37:05,121 If she can, it will help persuade 605 00:37:05,123 --> 00:37:08,959 The ministry of antiquities to allow her to dig for cleopatra. 606 00:37:08,961 --> 00:37:10,927 Mohamed gamal: Can you start from here? 607 00:37:10,929 --> 00:37:14,097 Narrator: She's thrown caution to the wind and put her faith 608 00:37:14,099 --> 00:37:18,335 In a promising but experimental technology. 609 00:37:18,337 --> 00:37:22,339 Mohamed gamal sounds out hidden cavities in the rock 610 00:37:22,341 --> 00:37:25,408 With a network of geophones. 611 00:37:25,410 --> 00:37:28,812 Kathleen: I want to check all these rooms. 612 00:37:28,814 --> 00:37:31,815 Mohamed: I'm very excited to see are we going to be able 613 00:37:31,817 --> 00:37:35,485 To succeed to see what's hidden from us or not. 614 00:37:35,487 --> 00:37:37,654 This is a challenge to us. 615 00:37:37,656 --> 00:37:40,991 Narrator: The technique relies on acoustic imaging. 616 00:37:40,993 --> 00:37:44,027 Mohamed's ultra-sensitive equipment records sound 617 00:37:44,029 --> 00:37:48,098 Caused by micro-tremors in the earth's crust. 618 00:37:48,100 --> 00:37:52,135 He can analyze the signal to create a subterranean map, 619 00:37:52,137 --> 00:37:56,439 Including every crack in the rock, every void, 620 00:37:56,441 --> 00:37:59,843 Or any tomb that might conceal a lost pharaoh 621 00:37:59,845 --> 00:38:03,013 Or a hiding queen. 622 00:38:03,015 --> 00:38:05,382 But with the team deep into their work, 623 00:38:05,384 --> 00:38:08,485 Kathleen spots a problem. 624 00:38:08,487 --> 00:38:13,390 The scan has begun, but she has no way of mapping the results. 625 00:38:13,392 --> 00:38:15,258 Kathleen: Whenever they are doing the profile, 626 00:38:15,260 --> 00:38:17,927 I need the beginning and the end. 627 00:38:17,929 --> 00:38:19,896 I need to know where are we doing the profile. 628 00:38:19,898 --> 00:38:21,598 If not, it's not gonna work for me. 629 00:38:21,600 --> 00:38:24,367 They were not putting any marks. 630 00:38:24,369 --> 00:38:27,804 Mohamed: Let them do it, let them do it. 631 00:38:27,806 --> 00:38:30,340 Narrator: If she's to prove to the egyptian authorities 632 00:38:30,342 --> 00:38:33,276 That it's worth damaging the ancient structure, 633 00:38:33,278 --> 00:38:38,214 She needs to know exactly where the geophones are placed. 634 00:38:38,216 --> 00:38:43,753 She needs to know where to dig down to the nearest inch. 635 00:38:43,755 --> 00:38:45,188 Kathleen: This is the only day I have, 636 00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:47,223 It's the last day of the season, 637 00:38:47,225 --> 00:38:50,493 And we lost a couple of hours. 638 00:38:54,533 --> 00:38:56,700 Narrator: Kathleen is within touching distance 639 00:38:56,702 --> 00:38:58,635 Of a discovery that could eclipse 640 00:38:58,637 --> 00:39:01,137 Even that of tutankhamun. 641 00:39:02,941 --> 00:39:06,042 But it will be some time before mohamed has fully mapped 642 00:39:06,044 --> 00:39:08,845 The temple's underground labyrinth. 643 00:39:10,982 --> 00:39:14,317 She faces an anxious wait for the survey results. 644 00:39:25,197 --> 00:39:28,698 Narrator: In alexandria's shallalat gardens, 645 00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:30,667 Calliope's team has discovered 646 00:39:30,669 --> 00:39:34,404 A black stone in a newly opened excavation. 647 00:39:34,406 --> 00:39:36,906 It could be the clue that points her in the direction 648 00:39:36,908 --> 00:39:39,976 Of cleopatra's royal quarter. 649 00:39:39,978 --> 00:39:43,446 Calliope: Let's start removing the debris. 650 00:39:43,448 --> 00:39:45,148 Narrator: To get there, she needs to find 651 00:39:45,150 --> 00:39:49,252 The main crossroads of ancient alexandria. 652 00:39:49,254 --> 00:39:51,821 Bilal: This is three pieces, this one. 653 00:39:51,823 --> 00:39:53,189 Calliope: It's black, yes. 654 00:39:53,191 --> 00:39:56,126 And what about this one? 655 00:39:56,128 --> 00:40:01,164 We have four black stones here, so maybe we are in 656 00:40:01,166 --> 00:40:07,303 A part of the continuation of the roman street. 657 00:40:07,305 --> 00:40:09,072 Narrator: The stones are covered in a layer 658 00:40:09,074 --> 00:40:13,276 Of white mineral after centuries buried in the soil. 659 00:40:13,278 --> 00:40:18,014 But they were once smooth, dark roman street cobbles. 660 00:40:18,016 --> 00:40:23,686 Calliope: Also, bilal, this way, clean also this way. Yes. 661 00:40:23,688 --> 00:40:28,358 We found another one, so I don't believe it is random. 662 00:40:30,896 --> 00:40:34,264 You don't understand how a person can be happy, 663 00:40:34,266 --> 00:40:38,635 Finding just a black stone; this is archaeology. 664 00:40:38,637 --> 00:40:41,538 Narrator: As the workers haul the stones out of the ground, 665 00:40:41,540 --> 00:40:45,442 Calliope spots a potentially crucial clue. 666 00:40:45,444 --> 00:40:47,110 They're much larger than the cobbles 667 00:40:47,112 --> 00:40:50,180 On the roman road she's following. 668 00:40:50,182 --> 00:40:52,415 Calliope: These black stones are very big, 669 00:40:52,417 --> 00:40:57,053 So maybe they belong to the big street, not to this one. 670 00:40:57,055 --> 00:41:02,325 I'm very excited by the fact that these stones could belong 671 00:41:02,327 --> 00:41:05,462 To the main latitudinal street of alexandria. 672 00:41:05,464 --> 00:41:09,966 And this will be great, because this is our goal. 673 00:41:12,971 --> 00:41:15,238 Narrator: If this is really one of alexandria's 674 00:41:15,240 --> 00:41:17,740 Two roman main highways, 675 00:41:17,742 --> 00:41:19,776 Calliope just needs to trace it 676 00:41:19,778 --> 00:41:21,811 To where it meets the other one. 677 00:41:21,813 --> 00:41:23,646 And she will find the crossroads 678 00:41:23,648 --> 00:41:26,549 Where the ancient royal quarter once stood. 679 00:41:29,120 --> 00:41:31,588 Calliope will have to wait for next season 680 00:41:31,590 --> 00:41:34,557 To open another excavation. 681 00:41:34,559 --> 00:41:37,727 Calliope: And this is black, too. 682 00:41:37,729 --> 00:41:40,029 Narrator: But for now, she's one more step 683 00:41:40,031 --> 00:41:43,466 Along the road to cleopatra's royal home. 684 00:41:43,468 --> 00:41:47,003 Calliope: It's a stone, but it's not just a stone. 685 00:41:47,005 --> 00:41:49,272 Everything has a meaning. 686 00:41:49,274 --> 00:41:52,675 I think this is the beauty of archaeology. 687 00:41:52,677 --> 00:41:58,181 ♪ ♪ 688 00:41:58,183 --> 00:42:00,517 Narrator: At his laboratory in cairo, 689 00:42:00,519 --> 00:42:03,720 Mohamed has has finished processing the acoustic survey 690 00:42:03,722 --> 00:42:06,222 Of taposiris magna. 691 00:42:06,224 --> 00:42:09,125 With the dig season over and the site closed, 692 00:42:09,127 --> 00:42:11,761 Kathleen has returned home. 693 00:42:11,763 --> 00:42:16,199 But the subterranean map of the temple is finally ready. 694 00:42:16,201 --> 00:42:17,500 Mohamed: Kathleen. 695 00:42:17,502 --> 00:42:18,501 Kathleen: Hello! 696 00:42:18,503 --> 00:42:20,703 Mohamed: How do you do? Hello. 697 00:42:20,705 --> 00:42:22,305 Kathleen: How are you? 698 00:42:22,307 --> 00:42:24,908 Mohamed: Fine, thank you. I have good news for you. 699 00:42:24,910 --> 00:42:26,743 Kathleen: Really? Mohamed: Yes. 700 00:42:26,745 --> 00:42:29,846 Kathleen: I've been waiting, I'm dying to hear from you. 701 00:42:29,848 --> 00:42:32,181 Mohamed: We found something at taposiris. 702 00:42:32,183 --> 00:42:33,616 Kathleen: Where? 703 00:42:33,618 --> 00:42:35,552 Mohamed: At the guard room, room number two, 704 00:42:35,554 --> 00:42:39,489 Is making like a very big resonance for us. 705 00:42:39,491 --> 00:42:42,592 Narrator: Mohamed's geophones have confirmed the presence 706 00:42:42,594 --> 00:42:46,896 Of a large chamber-sized void beneath the temple. 707 00:42:46,898 --> 00:42:49,799 But there's more. 708 00:42:49,801 --> 00:42:51,334 Mohamed: You can see my finger? 709 00:42:51,336 --> 00:42:53,036 Kathleen: Yes. 710 00:42:53,038 --> 00:42:56,339 Mohamed: This is the place which is most promising to us. 711 00:42:56,341 --> 00:43:00,510 It looks like this small place is a hidden entrance. 712 00:43:00,512 --> 00:43:04,213 There is very big resonance, like it's a connected place to 713 00:43:04,215 --> 00:43:07,450 Under a subsurface room or an entrance, 714 00:43:07,452 --> 00:43:09,619 Or a corridor or something like this. 715 00:43:09,621 --> 00:43:13,489 Kathleen: This is exactly what I've been looking for. 716 00:43:13,491 --> 00:43:15,625 I am thrilled. I am... 717 00:43:15,627 --> 00:43:18,761 This is one of the happiest days of my life. 718 00:43:18,763 --> 00:43:21,965 This is something that I believe, 719 00:43:21,967 --> 00:43:26,436 And now we have this scientific evidence. 720 00:43:26,438 --> 00:43:28,904 Thank you so much. 721 00:43:28,906 --> 00:43:32,175 Narrator: Not only does kathleen have a hidden void, 722 00:43:32,177 --> 00:43:34,711 She has a secret entrance, 723 00:43:34,713 --> 00:43:39,248 And now she knows exactly where to excavate. 724 00:43:39,250 --> 00:43:40,817 Mohamed: If we found the mummy of cleopatra, 725 00:43:40,819 --> 00:43:43,586 It would be a great discovery in this century. 726 00:43:43,588 --> 00:43:46,389 Kathleen: My heart is beating so hard now. 727 00:43:46,391 --> 00:43:47,991 So strongly. 728 00:43:47,993 --> 00:43:51,094 I don't know how I'm going to control myself 729 00:43:51,096 --> 00:43:53,663 During this month, until I get the permission. 730 00:43:53,665 --> 00:43:56,432 I'm so excited. 731 00:43:56,434 --> 00:43:58,601 Narrator: Cleopatra has bewitched historians 732 00:43:58,603 --> 00:44:01,137 And archaeologists ever since her death 733 00:44:01,139 --> 00:44:04,807 And the roman conquest of egypt. 734 00:44:04,809 --> 00:44:08,811 Now the centuries-long hunt for the last pharaoh's tomb 735 00:44:08,813 --> 00:44:12,548 May have entered its final stage. 736 00:44:12,550 --> 00:44:14,484 When she gets back on site, 737 00:44:14,486 --> 00:44:17,620 Kathleen could be just a day's digging away 738 00:44:17,622 --> 00:44:19,088 From the greatest discovery 739 00:44:19,090 --> 00:44:23,092 Since tutankhamun 100 years ago. 740 00:44:23,094 --> 00:44:24,994 Captioned by side door media services 63601

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