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Narrator: Egypt, the richest
source of archaeological
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00:00:10,611 --> 00:00:12,811
Treasures on the planet.
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00:00:12,847 --> 00:00:14,613
Man: Oh, wow!
4
00:00:14,648 --> 00:00:16,615
Look at that.
5
00:00:17,885 --> 00:00:21,787
Narrator: Hidden beneath
this desert landscape lie the
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00:00:21,822 --> 00:00:25,024
Secrets of this
ancient civilization.
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00:00:25,059 --> 00:00:26,992
(speaking native language).
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00:00:27,028 --> 00:00:29,328
Alejandro: I have never
seen something like this.
9
00:00:29,363 --> 00:00:32,598
Narrator: Now, for a full
season of excavations,
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00:00:32,633 --> 00:00:36,869
Our cameras have been given
unprecedented access to follow
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00:00:36,904 --> 00:00:40,239
Teams on the front
line of archaeology.
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00:00:41,575 --> 00:00:43,308
Myriam: This is the
most critical moment.
13
00:00:43,344 --> 00:00:45,144
(shouting).
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00:00:45,179 --> 00:00:47,012
Narrator: Revealing
buried treasures.
15
00:00:47,048 --> 00:00:47,946
Salima: Oh!
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00:00:47,982 --> 00:00:49,615
Ahmed: We were lucky today.
17
00:00:49,650 --> 00:00:52,051
Nozomu: Wow!
Lots of mummies.
18
00:00:52,086 --> 00:00:54,353
Kathleen: The
smell is horrible!
19
00:00:54,388 --> 00:00:55,721
Narrator: And making
discoveries that could
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00:00:55,756 --> 00:00:57,790
Rewrite ancient history.
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00:00:57,825 --> 00:01:01,226
John: We've never had
the proof until now.
22
00:01:01,262 --> 00:01:05,097
Colleen: This is
where it all started.
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00:01:05,132 --> 00:01:07,566
Alejandro: My goodness,
I never expected this.
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00:01:08,469 --> 00:01:10,369
(applause).
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00:01:10,404 --> 00:01:14,440
Narrator: This time anna goes
in search of one of egypt's
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00:01:14,475 --> 00:01:18,644
Most enigmatic
queens, nefertiti.
27
00:01:19,146 --> 00:01:22,147
Anna: If she wasn't buried
here, where was she buried?
28
00:01:22,183 --> 00:01:23,415
(shouting).
29
00:01:23,451 --> 00:01:25,884
Narrator: Mohamed searches
for the lost wife of a noble.
30
00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:28,320
Mohamed: If we are
lucky we will have her.
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00:01:30,524 --> 00:01:34,159
Narrator: An ancient cemetery
reveals a startling find.
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00:01:36,931 --> 00:01:38,330
Fathi: No.
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00:01:38,365 --> 00:01:41,100
Narrator: And john and
maria uncover the secrets of
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00:01:41,135 --> 00:01:43,569
Nefertiti's great empire.
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00:01:43,604 --> 00:01:45,938
Maria: Wow, this is beautiful.
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00:01:46,941 --> 00:01:52,444
(theme music plays).
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00:02:01,288 --> 00:02:06,091
Narrator: Egypt, land
of the mighty pharaohs,
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00:02:06,127 --> 00:02:11,163
Buried in monumental tombs
with dazzling treasures.
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00:02:12,733 --> 00:02:17,169
But among these great kings
and queens, some are missing,
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00:02:18,939 --> 00:02:23,675
Including one of the most
iconic of all: Nefertiti.
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00:02:26,247 --> 00:02:28,981
How did one of the most
powerful women in the ancient
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World vanish from history?
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In the heart of egypt lies
the ancient site of amarna.
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Here, archaeologist dr. Anna
stevens has spent nearly two
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00:02:45,933 --> 00:02:49,268
Decades unearthing the
secrets of a ruined city
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00:02:49,303 --> 00:02:51,803
And its captivating queen.
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00:02:51,839 --> 00:02:54,706
Anna: We've left the riverside
city of ancient amarna behind,
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00:02:54,742 --> 00:02:57,376
And we're traveling
through the low desert,
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00:02:57,411 --> 00:03:01,680
Heading out to the cliffs
that border ancient amarna.
50
00:03:04,552 --> 00:03:06,285
Narrator: Anna heads
for the royal tomb of
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00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:10,556
Nefertiti's husband,
pharaoh akhenaten.
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00:03:14,295 --> 00:03:18,931
The king's burial chamber is
badly damaged by flooding,
53
00:03:18,966 --> 00:03:22,401
But it is another chamber that
anna has come to investigate.
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00:03:23,804 --> 00:03:26,572
Anna: It's so prominent that
you'd have to think it belongs
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00:03:26,607 --> 00:03:31,043
To a suitably prominent member
of the amarna royal family.
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00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:36,515
Narrator: She searches for any
sign of nefertiti's whereabouts.
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00:03:37,518 --> 00:03:41,486
The walls of a royal
tomb should be covered
in elaborate carvings,
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00:03:41,522 --> 00:03:45,991
But here are only rough
chisel marks on bare rock.
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00:03:46,026 --> 00:03:47,492
Anna: It's completely
unfinished;
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00:03:47,528 --> 00:03:50,429
It's not suitable for
the burial of a queen.
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00:03:51,131 --> 00:03:54,366
Narrator: The tomb is
half-built and abandoned.
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00:03:54,401 --> 00:03:57,269
Anna: It hasn't
taken a royal burial.
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00:03:57,304 --> 00:04:01,173
If she wasn't buried here,
the question is, of course,
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Where was she buried?
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00:04:08,449 --> 00:04:11,283
Narrator: These ruins were
once a vast city from which
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Nefertiti and akhenaten ruled
over their great empire.
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00:04:19,727 --> 00:04:22,227
Nestling on the east
bank of the nile,
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00:04:22,263 --> 00:04:25,897
Nefertiti's capital city
covered over 3000 acres and
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00:04:25,933 --> 00:04:29,167
Was home to up
to 50,000 people.
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00:04:29,203 --> 00:04:33,105
What is now barren landscape
was once one of the greatest
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00:04:33,140 --> 00:04:37,009
Cities in the ancient world,
and from these palaces and
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Temples, the royal couple
ruled over all of egypt.
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00:04:43,183 --> 00:04:45,584
She doesn't appear
to be buried here.
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00:04:45,619 --> 00:04:49,321
But does this place
hold clues to the fate
of the missing queen?
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Nefertiti is famous
today because of this
iconic bust of her.
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She has one of the most
well-known faces in
all of ancient egypt.
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00:05:05,372 --> 00:05:08,874
Anna: This is about
the spot that the bust
was actually found.
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We're in the house and the
workshop of a sculptor
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00:05:11,912 --> 00:05:14,646
Who was probably
called thutmose.
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00:05:14,682 --> 00:05:18,083
This is where the nefertiti
bust was originally created.
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It's one version of
nefertiti's official portrait.
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She may herself have
signed off on this image.
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00:05:25,059 --> 00:05:28,794
But really we have no idea what
she'd look like in real life.
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Narrator: Nefertiti's early
life is also still a mystery.
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Her father was probably ay,
vizier to pharaoh amenhotep iii,
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00:05:40,808 --> 00:05:44,543
So she would have been
brought up in a royal palace.
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By the age of just 15,
she married amenhotep's
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Second son, the new
pharaoh akhenaten,
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And bore him six daughters.
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00:05:55,889 --> 00:06:00,792
As his queen, nefertiti
became the most powerful
woman in all of egypt.
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00:06:05,366 --> 00:06:08,567
Yet nefertiti's ultimate
fate remains a mystery that
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Occupies archaeologists
all over egypt.
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00:06:13,774 --> 00:06:17,342
200 miles south along
the nile, at luxor,
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00:06:17,378 --> 00:06:19,845
Lies the necropolis of asasif,
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A vast cemetery where egypt's
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Rich and powerful were buried
around the time of nefertiti.
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Site director fathi yaseen and
his team are about to excavate
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A hidden burial shaft.
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00:06:42,369 --> 00:06:45,103
Narrator: Fathi runs one of the
busiest archaeological digs
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00:06:45,139 --> 00:06:49,941
In egypt, with up to 100
workers shifting sand every day.
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Sayed mohamed is one of his most
experienced archaeologists.
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Narrator: This ancient
cemetery is full of artifacts.
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Narrator: Most of
the finds are from the
same era as nefertiti.
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(speaking native language).
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Narrator: Ancient objects
of ceramic and stone are
common here.
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00:07:34,888 --> 00:07:36,988
But this seems to
be made of wood.
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Narrator: A wooden face
looks up from the sand.
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The mystery object could
be a wooden mask or statue.
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They must try to free
it from the ground.
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Fathi: Wow!
111
00:08:00,514 --> 00:08:02,881
Narrator: The rope
seems to wrap around it.
112
00:08:23,470 --> 00:08:25,237
Narrator: Coffin
finds are rare,
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00:08:25,272 --> 00:08:28,974
Particularly ones dating back
to the time of nefertiti.
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00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:31,877
But whatever it is in the
ground, it is quite large.
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00:08:39,286 --> 00:08:41,353
Narrator: This is
no ordinary burial.
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Only one in 20 people
could afford a coffin
in ancient egypt.
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Narrator: The rope, made
from twisted palm leaves,
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00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:54,733
Is tied around the feet.
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(clapping).
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00:09:01,909 --> 00:09:05,477
Narrator: For sayed, the ropes
can mean only one thing.
121
00:09:14,855 --> 00:09:17,055
Narrator: If the coffin
does have a mummy in it,
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00:09:17,090 --> 00:09:20,325
It could date back
to nefertiti's time.
123
00:09:24,631 --> 00:09:28,199
100 miles south, at
gebel el silsila...
124
00:09:28,869 --> 00:09:30,101
John: Everybody here?
125
00:09:30,137 --> 00:09:32,237
Narrator: It's 7:00am.
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00:09:32,272 --> 00:09:35,574
Husband and wife team maria
nilsen and john ward set
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00:09:35,609 --> 00:09:38,877
Course for the ancient
sandstone pits that pharaohs
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Quarried for their great
monuments, statues,
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00:09:41,715 --> 00:09:44,482
Temples and palaces.
130
00:09:44,518 --> 00:09:45,750
Maria: Good morning, john!
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00:09:45,785 --> 00:09:46,985
John: Good morning.
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00:09:47,020 --> 00:09:49,487
It's early in the morning, I
haven't had enough coffee yet.
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Narrator: Akhenaten and
nefertiti opened several
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00:09:54,494 --> 00:09:56,861
Quarries here.
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00:09:56,897 --> 00:10:00,332
John: Gebel el silsila's
golden sandstone was revered
136
00:10:00,367 --> 00:10:03,001
And required by
all the pharaohs.
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00:10:03,837 --> 00:10:06,671
Narrator: John and maria hope
to discover important clues
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00:10:06,707 --> 00:10:10,775
About what akhenaten
and nefertiti were
building at the time.
139
00:10:11,979 --> 00:10:15,880
The size of the gallery shows
the scale of excavation.
140
00:10:15,916 --> 00:10:19,284
John: People don't realize
the sheer magnitude.
141
00:10:19,319 --> 00:10:25,557
This one pillar alone is
monumentally huge and this
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00:10:25,592 --> 00:10:28,593
Supports the roof above me.
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00:10:28,629 --> 00:10:31,029
Narrator: Before they can
investigate the clues here,
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00:10:31,064 --> 00:10:34,065
They must clear the
thick layer of sand.
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00:10:36,203 --> 00:10:38,370
John: Jenna.
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00:10:38,405 --> 00:10:40,372
Maria: It's always a good
start when our workers
147
00:10:40,407 --> 00:10:42,273
Describe it as heaven!
148
00:10:42,309 --> 00:10:44,709
(laughing).
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00:10:44,745 --> 00:10:46,878
John: So, clean, clean,
clean, clean, clean, clean,
150
00:10:46,913 --> 00:10:49,848
Clean clean, clean,
down on the floor.
151
00:10:49,883 --> 00:10:53,051
Clean, clean, clean, clean,
clean, onto the floor.
152
00:10:53,086 --> 00:10:55,453
Maria: It's gonna be dirty.
153
00:10:55,489 --> 00:10:57,489
Narrator: As they
clear the floor,
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00:10:57,524 --> 00:11:00,525
John makes a
surprising discovery.
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00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:02,527
John: Hey!
Guess what I got?
156
00:11:02,562 --> 00:11:04,229
Maria: You've got
to be kidding me!
157
00:11:15,108 --> 00:11:17,609
Narrator: Beneath the
sand on the quarry floor,
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00:11:17,644 --> 00:11:20,345
John thinks he's found a
clue to how ancient egyptians
159
00:11:20,380 --> 00:11:23,248
Quarried stone here.
160
00:11:23,283 --> 00:11:27,185
John: What would they have
used to get such straight lines?
161
00:11:27,220 --> 00:11:28,353
Maria: You haven't?
162
00:11:28,388 --> 00:11:34,292
John: Both hands.
A plumb bob. Amazing!
163
00:11:34,327 --> 00:11:35,994
Maria: That's our
first. That's...
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00:11:36,029 --> 00:11:37,696
John: Our first plumb bob.
165
00:11:37,731 --> 00:11:41,833
You just think, that's been
laying there since akhenaten
166
00:11:41,868 --> 00:11:44,803
Closed the quarry!
167
00:11:44,838 --> 00:11:47,172
Narrator: This plumb bob is
a worker's tool dropped over
168
00:11:47,207 --> 00:11:49,374
3,000 years ago.
169
00:11:49,409 --> 00:11:51,009
John: That would
have had the cord on,
170
00:11:51,044 --> 00:11:53,111
And they would have been able
to get the straight line.
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00:11:53,146 --> 00:11:58,550
This is our first one at
silsila, and it is beautiful!
172
00:12:01,421 --> 00:12:04,089
Narrator: Nearby, maria wants
to analyze an inscription
173
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She's found carved
on the rock.
174
00:12:06,993 --> 00:12:11,196
Her keen eye has spotted
faint traces of ancient ink.
175
00:12:12,032 --> 00:12:16,534
Maria: You've got lines
of text here and here.
176
00:12:16,570 --> 00:12:18,770
Narrator: She thinks she can
decode the markings to link
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00:12:18,805 --> 00:12:21,773
The quarry directly
back to akhenaten,
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00:12:21,808 --> 00:12:25,110
But here he uses
a different name.
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00:12:25,145 --> 00:12:27,412
Maria: It is the
time of amenhotep iv,
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00:12:27,447 --> 00:12:31,349
Before he turned
into akhenaten.
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00:12:31,384 --> 00:12:34,853
Narrator: Amenhotep the
fourth was his original name.
182
00:12:34,888 --> 00:12:37,956
But it is more than
just a change of name.
183
00:12:37,991 --> 00:12:40,892
Early in his reign, he
created a new identity,
184
00:12:40,927 --> 00:12:45,196
Transforming himself
into akhenaten.
185
00:12:45,966 --> 00:12:49,667
He also imposed a change
of religion upon egypt.
186
00:12:51,238 --> 00:12:53,805
For more than a millennium,
the ancient egyptians
187
00:12:53,840 --> 00:12:57,976
Worshipped a pantheon
of gods and goddesses.
188
00:12:58,011 --> 00:13:03,314
Their ruler was amun-ra, whom
egypt's ruling priests revered
189
00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:06,184
As the king of the gods.
190
00:13:06,219 --> 00:13:09,788
Pharaoh amenhotep outlawed
worship of amun-ra and
191
00:13:09,823 --> 00:13:13,291
Closed down his temples.
192
00:13:13,326 --> 00:13:17,162
Across egypt, he erased the
old gods and replaced them
193
00:13:17,197 --> 00:13:21,166
With a single deity:
The sun god, aten.
194
00:13:22,102 --> 00:13:26,171
The only human figures left,
bathing in the sun god's rays,
195
00:13:26,206 --> 00:13:29,974
Were amenhotep, now
transformed into akhenaten
196
00:13:30,010 --> 00:13:33,278
And his queen, nefertiti.
197
00:13:35,248 --> 00:13:37,415
On the faded inscription
in the quarry,
198
00:13:37,450 --> 00:13:39,984
Maria spots another detail.
199
00:13:40,020 --> 00:13:42,587
Maria: You've got
the sun disc here.
200
00:13:42,622 --> 00:13:44,989
Narrator: The sun, the
god of the new religion,
201
00:13:45,025 --> 00:13:48,560
Alongside akhenaten's
earlier name.
202
00:13:48,595 --> 00:13:53,431
Maria: Clearly an early
sign of the aten worship.
203
00:13:53,466 --> 00:13:56,968
We can't find anything similar
to this anywhere else in egypt.
204
00:13:57,003 --> 00:13:59,270
It's the earliest
one that we have.
205
00:13:59,306 --> 00:14:03,474
We haven't published it
yet, it's on its way.
206
00:14:03,510 --> 00:14:06,344
Narrator: This discovery dates
the quarry to the early reign
207
00:14:06,379 --> 00:14:10,281
Of akhenaten and nefertiti,
but it doesn't solve the
208
00:14:10,317 --> 00:14:13,551
Mystery of why they were
quarrying so much stone.
209
00:14:13,587 --> 00:14:16,521
What were they making?
210
00:14:17,757 --> 00:14:22,126
400 miles north at
saqqara, husband and wife
211
00:14:22,162 --> 00:14:26,731
Archaeologists mohamed
megahed and hana vymazalova
212
00:14:26,766 --> 00:14:30,168
Are back for another
season of excavation.
213
00:14:31,938 --> 00:14:37,308
Last year, they made an
astonishing rare discovery:
214
00:14:41,047 --> 00:14:45,316
A tomb dating back
over 4,000 years,
215
00:14:46,286 --> 00:14:48,519
In pristine condition.
216
00:14:50,957 --> 00:14:52,523
Mohamed: The day
we enter the tomb,
217
00:14:52,559 --> 00:14:56,094
It was unforgettable
day for all of us.
218
00:14:57,530 --> 00:14:59,831
Narrator: It belongs
to a man called khuwy,
219
00:14:59,866 --> 00:15:03,434
A high official of pharaoh
djedkhare who lived
220
00:15:03,470 --> 00:15:07,138
1,000 years before nefertiti.
221
00:15:07,173 --> 00:15:10,708
Khuwy may even be a member
of the royal family.
222
00:15:13,613 --> 00:15:17,548
It's a spectacular find,
but there's a mystery.
223
00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:22,287
Mohamed: Usually, ancient
egyptians were buried with
224
00:15:22,322 --> 00:15:24,322
Their wives in their tombs.
225
00:15:24,357 --> 00:15:26,691
In our case, we
have only khuwy.
226
00:15:26,726 --> 00:15:29,160
Narrator: Khuwy's wife should
be buried with her husband,
227
00:15:29,195 --> 00:15:31,229
But she isn't.
228
00:15:31,264 --> 00:15:33,965
She is missing,
just like nefertiti,
229
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,601
And mohamed wants to find her.
230
00:15:36,636 --> 00:15:40,305
Mohamed: It means we
will be looking for
perhaps similar tomb,
231
00:15:40,340 --> 00:15:43,808
Maybe much bigger tomb,
the same quality of reliefs
232
00:15:43,843 --> 00:15:46,110
For his wife.
233
00:15:46,146 --> 00:15:50,315
Narrator: Her tomb should be as
magnificent as khuwy's itself.
234
00:15:51,351 --> 00:15:53,651
Mohamed: Why people love
egypt and love ancient egypt?
235
00:15:53,687 --> 00:15:55,920
Because it's full of
secrets and magic.
236
00:15:55,956 --> 00:15:59,190
For example, queen nefertiti,
her tomb was never found.
237
00:15:59,225 --> 00:16:02,327
Narrator: Family members from
this time are generally buried
238
00:16:02,362 --> 00:16:06,197
Close together, so khuwy's
wife must be nearby.
239
00:16:06,232 --> 00:16:08,232
Mohamed: We still need to go
a little bit deeper in the
240
00:16:08,268 --> 00:16:12,203
West side to make sure
that there is no other
entrance for a corridor,
241
00:16:12,238 --> 00:16:16,441
Or we have to look around for
another shaft in the mastaba.
242
00:16:16,476 --> 00:16:18,876
Narrator: A mastaba is a
massive flat-topped structure
243
00:16:18,912 --> 00:16:22,880
That ancient egyptians
built over tombs.
244
00:16:22,916 --> 00:16:26,317
Digging deeper, mohamed finds
a possible clue to another
245
00:16:26,353 --> 00:16:30,688
Entrance: The pure white rock
finish of the mastaba changes
246
00:16:30,724 --> 00:16:33,491
To a different kind of rock.
247
00:16:33,526 --> 00:16:35,126
Mohamed: This is
the white, nice,
248
00:16:35,161 --> 00:16:38,162
Limestone and in the bottom
it's completely local
249
00:16:38,198 --> 00:16:42,000
Limestone, exactly like
the entrance of khuwy.
250
00:16:42,035 --> 00:16:46,004
Narrator: Local limestone
surrounds the entrance to
khuwy's tomb.
251
00:16:46,039 --> 00:16:48,806
The same stone here could
mark another entrance to
252
00:16:48,842 --> 00:16:53,144
His wife's burial chamber.
253
00:16:54,180 --> 00:16:57,548
Mohamed: So the plan for today
is to clear it all, go deeper,
254
00:16:57,584 --> 00:16:59,450
Reach the floor.
255
00:16:59,486 --> 00:17:02,954
We hope to find something, and
you never know what the sands
256
00:17:02,989 --> 00:17:05,156
Of egypt might hide.
257
00:17:05,191 --> 00:17:08,826
Narrator: Could the
team be on the brink of
another major discovery?
258
00:17:20,840 --> 00:17:23,808
It dates to a time
called the old kingdom,
259
00:17:23,843 --> 00:17:27,545
1,000 years
before nefertiti.
260
00:17:28,081 --> 00:17:31,249
The tomb of khuwy's missing
wife could be every bit as
261
00:17:31,284 --> 00:17:34,552
Spectacular as her husband's.
262
00:17:37,424 --> 00:17:39,323
Mohamed: This is one of the
most important and interesting
263
00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:42,293
Tomb in old kingdom.
264
00:17:42,328 --> 00:17:47,165
Narrator: The scenes
help khuwy on his
journey to the afterlife.
265
00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:51,302
An offering wall gives
instructions for 95 different
266
00:17:51,337 --> 00:17:56,808
Offering rituals, jars
of beer, bread, meat.
267
00:17:59,112 --> 00:18:01,379
Mohamed: There is no
mention for the wife because
268
00:18:01,414 --> 00:18:05,750
Everything underground
here is for khuwy.
269
00:18:05,785 --> 00:18:07,952
Narrator: She is not
with him on the walls,
270
00:18:07,987 --> 00:18:09,620
But she is family.
271
00:18:09,656 --> 00:18:12,690
Her tomb shouldn't
be far away.
272
00:18:13,393 --> 00:18:15,560
Outside, mohamed's
own wife, hana,
273
00:18:15,595 --> 00:18:18,830
Is also helping in the
search for khuwy's wife.
274
00:18:18,865 --> 00:18:21,199
Hana: We hope that we
might find khuwy's wife.
275
00:18:21,835 --> 00:18:23,968
At the moment we are in
the area which is directly
276
00:18:24,003 --> 00:18:26,871
Opposite to the
entrance to the tomb.
277
00:18:31,411 --> 00:18:33,044
Narrator: They
must dig carefully,
278
00:18:33,079 --> 00:18:35,746
As the sand is full
of ancient fragments.
279
00:18:35,782 --> 00:18:39,250
Each one could
be a vital clue.
280
00:18:40,253 --> 00:18:44,489
These are not just bones, it
looks like a complete skeleton.
281
00:18:44,524 --> 00:18:48,025
Has hana discovered
khuwy's wife?
282
00:18:50,330 --> 00:18:54,732
At gebel el-silsila john and
maria are on a mission to find
283
00:18:54,767 --> 00:18:58,035
The purpose of the quarry.
284
00:18:58,071 --> 00:19:00,438
The stone could reveal
important clues about
285
00:19:00,473 --> 00:19:03,307
Akhenaten and nefertiti's
building projects,
286
00:19:03,343 --> 00:19:06,277
And the ambition
of their reign.
287
00:19:06,312 --> 00:19:09,280
Maria: Wow!
This is beautiful.
288
00:19:09,315 --> 00:19:11,048
Look at the block work.
289
00:19:11,084 --> 00:19:14,485
You can see perfect
talatat blocks.
290
00:19:14,521 --> 00:19:16,120
Narrator: As workers
clear the area,
291
00:19:16,156 --> 00:19:18,589
They reveal evidence of a
building innovation that
292
00:19:18,625 --> 00:19:21,826
Akhenaten and
nefertiti pioneered.
293
00:19:21,861 --> 00:19:24,328
Maria: Here we
got a small block,
294
00:19:24,364 --> 00:19:28,466
They divided it into two and
at the end of that you'll have
295
00:19:28,501 --> 00:19:30,968
Two perfect talatat blocks.
296
00:19:31,004 --> 00:19:32,403
John: They're ready to come
through here aren't they?
297
00:19:32,438 --> 00:19:34,272
Maria: Yeah, exactly.
298
00:19:34,307 --> 00:19:36,807
Narrator: These small
blocks, called talatat,
299
00:19:36,843 --> 00:19:40,745
Could be quarried quicker
and built with faster.
300
00:19:40,780 --> 00:19:45,850
John: This is from the
period of akhenaten where
everything's changed.
301
00:19:45,885 --> 00:19:49,687
We've gone from massive one
ton block down to the small,
302
00:19:49,722 --> 00:19:54,358
Minuscule talatat, which
is famous for akhenaten.
303
00:19:54,394 --> 00:19:56,527
It only weighed 60 kilograms.
304
00:19:56,563 --> 00:20:00,164
You could carry it
on your shoulder.
305
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:02,600
Narrator: John and maria have
solved the mystery of what
306
00:20:02,635 --> 00:20:05,503
Akhenaten and nefertiti
quarried here.
307
00:20:05,538 --> 00:20:08,940
It was talatat, key to
an ambitious plan and an
308
00:20:08,975 --> 00:20:12,577
Important clue that they began
a huge construction program,
309
00:20:12,612 --> 00:20:16,881
Including the building of
their new capital, amarna.
310
00:20:19,452 --> 00:20:22,553
Using the newly-invented
talatat blocks,
311
00:20:22,589 --> 00:20:26,457
The city rose from the
desert in record time.
312
00:20:26,492 --> 00:20:29,894
Akhenaten built a lavish
palace for himself and
313
00:20:29,929 --> 00:20:35,099
Nefertiti in the center
and two vast temples.
314
00:20:37,103 --> 00:20:40,638
Thousands gathered here to
worship the sun god aten as
315
00:20:40,673 --> 00:20:45,109
The sun moved east to west.
316
00:20:45,144 --> 00:20:48,679
Spread around the outside were
hundreds of stone tables for
317
00:20:48,715 --> 00:20:52,350
Lavish offerings to their god.
318
00:20:53,519 --> 00:20:57,688
This monumental complex gave
akhenaten and nefertiti total
319
00:20:57,724 --> 00:21:01,692
Control over
religion in egypt.
320
00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:07,365
But the city's most famous
resident, queen nefertiti,
321
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:10,134
Is missing.
322
00:21:10,169 --> 00:21:14,472
Could the city itself
hold clues to her fate?
323
00:21:15,241 --> 00:21:20,645
At amarna, anna heads beyond
the city limits to investigate
324
00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:23,681
A cemetery for amana's elite.
325
00:21:25,918 --> 00:21:28,486
Tombs, richly decorated with
pictures of the king and
326
00:21:28,521 --> 00:21:32,123
Queen, might still
reveal vital evidence.
327
00:21:33,359 --> 00:21:36,694
The royal couple seem to
be in a land of paradise.
328
00:21:36,729 --> 00:21:39,697
They ride their chariots.
329
00:21:41,167 --> 00:21:45,469
They hand out gifts to
their adoring crowds,
330
00:21:46,439 --> 00:21:50,975
And make lavish offerings
to the sun god, the aten.
331
00:21:53,046 --> 00:21:55,279
Anna: What's really lovely
here is that you can see that
332
00:21:55,315 --> 00:21:58,182
One of the aten rays
extends to akhenaten,
333
00:21:58,217 --> 00:22:00,618
The symbol of life, the ankh.
334
00:22:00,653 --> 00:22:03,921
So the aten is providing
the king with life.
335
00:22:03,956 --> 00:22:07,958
Narrator: So, did the
couple live out their
lives in this utopia?
336
00:22:07,994 --> 00:22:11,762
The idyllic scenes also
bear marks of violence.
337
00:22:11,798 --> 00:22:13,964
Anna: The faces of the king
and queen seem to have been
338
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:16,000
Deliberately hacked out.
339
00:22:16,035 --> 00:22:20,204
It's actually being done
to obliterate their image.
340
00:22:20,239 --> 00:22:22,606
Narrator: Nefertiti and
akhenaten's great religious
341
00:22:22,642 --> 00:22:25,710
Revolution has been destroyed.
342
00:22:35,722 --> 00:22:38,389
Ence that akhenaten and
343
00:22:38,424 --> 00:22:42,193
Nefertiti's revolution ends
with a backlash against them.
344
00:22:43,563 --> 00:22:48,699
Anna: There were
deliberate attempts to
forget akhenaten's reign.
345
00:22:48,735 --> 00:22:52,136
He was essentially erased
from egyptian history.
346
00:22:52,171 --> 00:22:54,805
Narrator: Nefertiti's fate
during this time of trouble
347
00:22:54,841 --> 00:22:57,541
Is a mystery.
348
00:23:02,315 --> 00:23:06,050
Akhenaten and nefertiti
ruled for 17 years.
349
00:23:08,821 --> 00:23:12,189
But when the pharaoh died,
the unpopular religion that he
350
00:23:12,225 --> 00:23:15,659
Imposed on egypt crumbled.
351
00:23:15,695 --> 00:23:19,597
People of egypt returned to
the old traditional gods that
352
00:23:19,632 --> 00:23:23,134
Akhenaten had banned.
353
00:23:24,270 --> 00:23:27,438
The enemies of the aten
religion set out to destroy
354
00:23:27,473 --> 00:23:31,008
Every memory of
the king and queen.
355
00:23:31,043 --> 00:23:35,880
Their revenge on
akhenaten was to attempt
to rub him out of history.
356
00:23:40,586 --> 00:23:44,321
But what happened
to nefertiti?
357
00:23:44,357 --> 00:23:46,724
Anna: This is still
part of the tomb.
358
00:23:46,759 --> 00:23:50,361
It's completely unfinished,
presumably because the city
359
00:23:50,396 --> 00:23:51,896
Was abandoned.
360
00:23:51,931 --> 00:23:53,197
The king had died.
361
00:23:53,232 --> 00:23:57,067
Everyone had to
uproot, leave the city.
362
00:23:57,103 --> 00:24:00,604
Akhenaten's vision
ultimately failed.
363
00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:04,642
Narrator: In the heat of this
crisis, where was the queen?
364
00:24:04,677 --> 00:24:06,177
Anna: One of the
big questions is,
365
00:24:06,212 --> 00:24:08,646
"what happened to nefertiti?"
366
00:24:08,681 --> 00:24:10,881
If she was still living
after akhenaten's death,
367
00:24:10,917 --> 00:24:14,285
She can't have stayed on
at amarna very much longer.
368
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,855
Where did she go?
What happened to nefertiti?
369
00:24:21,694 --> 00:24:26,397
Narrator: In luxor,
egyptologist chris naunton is
370
00:24:26,432 --> 00:24:30,000
Also on the trail of
the missing queen.
371
00:24:30,036 --> 00:24:32,670
He has come to the
ancient city of thebes,
372
00:24:32,705 --> 00:24:36,307
Where nefertiti was born,
to the tomb of a priest.
373
00:24:37,276 --> 00:24:39,710
Chris: This is normally closed
to the public so he's having
374
00:24:39,745 --> 00:24:43,147
To take the seal off and then
we'll be able to go inside.
375
00:24:43,182 --> 00:24:45,950
Narrator: In the tomb, he
wants to find clues to what
376
00:24:45,985 --> 00:24:48,452
Might have happened
to nefertiti following
377
00:24:48,488 --> 00:24:52,323
Akhenaten's death.
378
00:24:53,526 --> 00:24:58,295
In his final years,
did the king replace
her with a new queen?
379
00:25:03,102 --> 00:25:05,936
Or did she remain
his great royal wife,
380
00:25:05,972 --> 00:25:10,407
But flee into hiding
after he died?
381
00:25:12,078 --> 00:25:16,780
Was nefertiti assassinated
following akhenaten's death,
382
00:25:16,816 --> 00:25:21,218
Or did she continue as queen?
383
00:25:22,755 --> 00:25:25,823
The tomb belongs to a
priest called pa-iri,
384
00:25:25,858 --> 00:25:28,259
Who lived in the
time of nefertiti.
385
00:25:28,294 --> 00:25:32,129
Chris: This is pa-iri
himself, with his wife
standing behind him.
386
00:25:32,164 --> 00:25:35,199
It's really lovely, this.
387
00:25:35,234 --> 00:25:38,669
Narrator: But something
else catches chris's eye:
388
00:25:38,704 --> 00:25:41,272
Ancient graffiti.
389
00:25:41,307 --> 00:25:43,407
Chris: It's highly
significant.
390
00:25:43,442 --> 00:25:46,210
It begins with a year
date, year three,
391
00:25:46,245 --> 00:25:48,946
And then "the king of
upper and lower egypt,"
392
00:25:48,981 --> 00:25:54,251
And that king is named as
ankhkheperure neferneferuaten.
393
00:25:54,287 --> 00:25:57,388
Narrator: So, just
who was this ruler?
394
00:25:57,423 --> 00:26:00,257
Chris: And this king is
little-known, shadowy figure.
395
00:26:00,293 --> 00:26:03,360
I think ankhkheperure
neferneferuaten is
396
00:26:03,396 --> 00:26:06,864
None other than nefertiti.
397
00:26:06,899 --> 00:26:09,767
Narrator: This would be
a sensational turnaround.
398
00:26:09,802 --> 00:26:13,437
Could nefertiti have survived
the death of akhenaten,
399
00:26:13,472 --> 00:26:17,575
Actually to succeed him
herself as pharaoh nefertiti?
400
00:26:20,546 --> 00:26:22,980
It's a theory but,
if chris is correct,
401
00:26:23,015 --> 00:26:26,750
The search for nefertiti is no
longer the search for a queen.
402
00:26:26,786 --> 00:26:30,321
It's the search for a pharaoh.
403
00:26:33,059 --> 00:26:37,061
At saqqara, husband and
wife archaeologists,
404
00:26:37,096 --> 00:26:41,632
Mohamed and hana,
are searching for the
missing wife of khuwy.
405
00:26:41,667 --> 00:26:43,801
She should be buried
with her husband in his
406
00:26:43,836 --> 00:26:47,471
Magnificent tomb, but she isn't.
407
00:26:47,506 --> 00:26:49,873
They believe that
she must be nearby,
408
00:26:49,909 --> 00:26:53,277
And hana has found
human remains.
409
00:26:53,312 --> 00:26:55,679
Hana: The skeleton is very
nicely preserved even though
410
00:26:55,715 --> 00:26:57,915
Many of the bones
are fragmented.
411
00:26:59,719 --> 00:27:03,220
Narrator: The teeth show
that this is a mature adult.
412
00:27:03,255 --> 00:27:07,224
Hana: You can see the
upper part of the teeth
is quite worn down.
413
00:27:07,259 --> 00:27:11,662
The skeleton itself shows that
the health of this individual
414
00:27:11,697 --> 00:27:14,064
Was not very good.
415
00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:18,235
Narrator: Could this
ancient skeleton be the
missing wife of khuwy?
416
00:27:18,270 --> 00:27:21,472
Hana: The pit is hewn in
a little bit dark sand,
417
00:27:21,507 --> 00:27:25,442
And it was filled with
very pure yellow sand,
418
00:27:25,478 --> 00:27:29,713
Which was added there into the
pit together with the burial.
419
00:27:30,449 --> 00:27:34,418
Narrator: For hana, all the
signs are of a poor burial.
420
00:27:40,159 --> 00:27:42,559
Hana: We are learning a lot
about the people of the past:
421
00:27:42,595 --> 00:27:46,230
The way they lived,
how they suffered.
422
00:27:46,265 --> 00:27:50,668
It's a little bit like
looking into a very old
album of your family.
423
00:27:51,637 --> 00:27:53,370
Narrator: It is
not khuwy's wife,
424
00:27:53,406 --> 00:27:56,306
But families are normally
buried close together.
425
00:27:56,342 --> 00:27:59,376
She should be buried nearby.
426
00:28:00,846 --> 00:28:03,747
Just yards away, mohamed
continues the search for
427
00:28:03,783 --> 00:28:05,916
Another tomb entrance.
428
00:28:05,951 --> 00:28:08,118
Mohamed: We have to continue
digging down into the floor
429
00:28:08,154 --> 00:28:11,655
And keep looking for our lady,
430
00:28:11,691 --> 00:28:15,292
Khuwy's wife and, if we're
lucky, we will have her.
431
00:28:17,596 --> 00:28:23,434
Narrator: In luxor, at asasif,
fathi and sayed have found a
432
00:28:23,469 --> 00:28:26,704
Wooden coffin in the cemetery
of the rich and powerful from
433
00:28:26,739 --> 00:28:29,206
The era of nefertiti.
434
00:28:29,241 --> 00:28:32,443
They are anxious to free it
from the grip of the sand.
435
00:28:32,478 --> 00:28:34,411
Sayed: It's good.
436
00:28:34,947 --> 00:28:38,615
Narrator: Sayed digs a little
deeper to see underneath it.
437
00:28:46,025 --> 00:28:48,692
Narrator: A complete ancient
coffin is a major find.
438
00:28:55,568 --> 00:28:58,769
Narrator: But they have
a lot of work before
they can get it out.
439
00:28:58,804 --> 00:29:01,939
Sayed: Hey doctor, I
think we found another
something very important.
440
00:29:01,974 --> 00:29:03,774
Fathi: Yeah? Wow!
441
00:29:03,809 --> 00:29:06,143
Narrator: There
seems to be something
buried with the coffin.
442
00:29:17,389 --> 00:29:19,757
Narrator: Sayed thinks the
vase may have contained
443
00:29:19,792 --> 00:29:21,959
Offerings for the afterlife.
444
00:29:21,994 --> 00:29:24,294
But something else
catches fathi's attention.
445
00:29:24,330 --> 00:29:26,029
(speaking native language).
446
00:29:35,074 --> 00:29:36,273
Fathi: No.
447
00:29:37,910 --> 00:29:41,979
Narrator: This appears
to be bread, untouched
for 3,500 years.
448
00:29:55,461 --> 00:29:59,296
Be offerings, carefully placed
as supplies for the deceased.
449
00:30:11,777 --> 00:30:14,311
Narrator: It offers rare,
hard evidence of the lives and
450
00:30:14,346 --> 00:30:18,215
Beliefs of ancient egyptians,
about death and the afterlife.
451
00:30:21,187 --> 00:30:22,553
Sayed: Complete.
452
00:30:22,588 --> 00:30:23,954
Fathi: Wow.
453
00:30:38,437 --> 00:30:40,804
Narrator: The pot
also comes out.
454
00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:43,073
If they can date it,
they can date the burial,
455
00:30:43,108 --> 00:30:46,343
And begin to piece together
who might be in the coffin.
456
00:30:52,685 --> 00:30:56,186
Narrator: The 18th
dynasty was when egypt
was at its very peak,
457
00:30:56,222 --> 00:30:58,622
With the line of
powerful pharaohs that
458
00:30:58,657 --> 00:31:02,092
Included akhenaten and
nefertiti themselves.
459
00:31:04,063 --> 00:31:06,330
After two hours
of careful work,
460
00:31:06,365 --> 00:31:09,166
They finally clear
away all the debris.
461
00:31:19,178 --> 00:31:21,111
Narrator: But the fragile
ancient wood could
462
00:31:21,146 --> 00:31:24,514
Disintegrate now it is
exposed to the elements.
463
00:31:24,550 --> 00:31:27,584
Fathi doesn't want to risk
leaving it out any longer,
464
00:31:27,620 --> 00:31:30,420
So he must move it quickly.
465
00:31:33,192 --> 00:31:36,827
In saqqara, outside the
magnificent tomb of khuwy
466
00:31:36,862 --> 00:31:39,630
That mohamed found last year,
467
00:31:39,665 --> 00:31:43,901
The team searches for a
missing person, khuwy's wife.
468
00:31:43,936 --> 00:31:47,504
Her tomb should be
equally spectacular.
469
00:31:47,539 --> 00:31:49,740
Following clues
in the limestone,
470
00:31:49,775 --> 00:31:52,209
They have shifted several
tons of sand searching for
471
00:31:52,244 --> 00:31:55,479
Another tomb entrance.
472
00:31:55,514 --> 00:31:58,882
Now there are huge
limestone blocks in the way.
473
00:31:58,918 --> 00:32:01,551
Mohamed thinks that these
came from the mastaba,
474
00:32:01,587 --> 00:32:05,022
The stone structure
above the tomb.
475
00:32:05,057 --> 00:32:08,225
Again, it is pure white.
476
00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:09,626
(shouting).
477
00:32:09,662 --> 00:32:11,561
Mohamed: White limestone
are very precious,
478
00:32:11,597 --> 00:32:14,097
Because in ancient egypt the
quarry belonged to the king.
479
00:32:14,133 --> 00:32:16,934
The king himself had to give
permission to any individual,
480
00:32:16,969 --> 00:32:20,537
Any official, to cut
stones from there.
481
00:32:21,974 --> 00:32:23,840
Narrator: It's a vital clue.
482
00:32:23,876 --> 00:32:26,743
Only the pharaoh's innermost
circle would be allowed to use
483
00:32:26,779 --> 00:32:29,713
Such a precious rock.
484
00:32:31,216 --> 00:32:33,550
With the limestone
blocks out of the way,
485
00:32:33,585 --> 00:32:36,753
They soon reach the bedrock
and can go no further.
486
00:32:37,957 --> 00:32:41,091
Mohamed: We had no clue for
the other entrance of the wife.
487
00:32:41,126 --> 00:32:45,128
This can tell us she might be
buried in a different mastaba,
488
00:32:45,164 --> 00:32:47,698
Separate mastaba, near to him.
489
00:32:47,733 --> 00:32:49,833
Narrator: Khuwy's
wife isn't here,
490
00:32:49,868 --> 00:32:52,002
But mohamed is undeterred.
491
00:32:52,037 --> 00:32:54,938
He believes that
she must be nearby.
492
00:32:54,974 --> 00:32:58,075
Mohamed: All the white
limestone he used in his tomb,
493
00:32:58,110 --> 00:33:01,311
He was mummified, the colors
he used in the underground's
494
00:33:01,347 --> 00:33:03,380
Architecture of his tomb.
495
00:33:03,415 --> 00:33:06,984
Narrator: The evidence
implies that khuwy is royal.
496
00:33:07,019 --> 00:33:10,487
Mohamed: Perhaps, also
his wife was a member
of the royal family.
497
00:33:10,522 --> 00:33:12,322
If she's not buried
with him in the tomb,
498
00:33:12,358 --> 00:33:15,392
It means she decided to
made a tomb for herself.
499
00:33:15,427 --> 00:33:18,829
This can tell us so
much about her status.
500
00:33:18,864 --> 00:33:21,698
Narrator: Khuwy's wife must be
important enough to build her
501
00:33:21,734 --> 00:33:27,104
Own mastaba tomb, which should
be as glorious as khuwy's.
502
00:33:28,207 --> 00:33:31,875
The hunt for khuwy's
wife just got bigger.
503
00:33:34,446 --> 00:33:37,781
Mohamed: We only found 30
or 40% of ancient egyptian
504
00:33:37,816 --> 00:33:41,952
Monuments, and this might be
true because the sand of egypt
505
00:33:41,987 --> 00:33:45,222
Still hides so many secrets.
506
00:33:46,125 --> 00:33:50,260
Narrator: Mohamed's search for
the missing wife continues.
507
00:33:54,800 --> 00:33:58,301
In luxor, at asasif.
508
00:33:59,271 --> 00:34:02,139
(speaking native language).
509
00:34:02,174 --> 00:34:04,007
Narrator: The team
urgently needs to move the
510
00:34:04,043 --> 00:34:08,145
Newly-discovered coffin
to a safe store room.
511
00:34:09,415 --> 00:34:12,349
But it is a dangerous moment
for the priceless artifact,
512
00:34:12,384 --> 00:34:15,986
As the ancient wood could
disintegrate under the strain.
513
00:34:17,022 --> 00:34:19,623
It's a big
responsibility for fathi.
514
00:34:30,669 --> 00:34:33,703
Narrator: The fragile
coffin is on the move,
515
00:34:33,739 --> 00:34:36,873
But the last part of the
journey is the most precarious.
516
00:34:36,909 --> 00:34:40,177
It's a steep and
narrow descent.
517
00:35:01,934 --> 00:35:04,468
(applause).
518
00:35:06,839 --> 00:35:09,106
(laughing).
519
00:35:11,410 --> 00:35:13,677
Narrator: The coffin
is still in one piece.
520
00:35:24,923 --> 00:35:28,225
Narrator: With the coffin
now safely in the field lab,
521
00:35:29,928 --> 00:35:33,730
Specialist conservator ahmed
gad must inspect the wood for
522
00:35:33,765 --> 00:35:35,665
Any weakness.
523
00:35:55,254 --> 00:35:59,022
To be opened, but there's
another problem for fathi.
524
00:36:11,603 --> 00:36:15,005
Narrator: The 3,500-year-old
ropes must come off,
525
00:36:15,040 --> 00:36:17,774
But the ancient
fibers are stiff.
526
00:36:17,809 --> 00:36:20,644
If the alcohol solution
doesn't soften them,
527
00:36:20,679 --> 00:36:22,746
They may have to cut them.
528
00:36:37,429 --> 00:36:39,930
Fathi: Wow!
Ahmed: Wow!
529
00:36:41,567 --> 00:36:43,200
Fathi: Very good.
530
00:36:43,235 --> 00:36:45,969
Narrator: The knot undone,
they begin the slow task of
531
00:36:46,004 --> 00:36:49,940
Removing plaster that sticks
the fragile lid to the coffin.
532
00:36:51,843 --> 00:36:54,377
Fathi gets his first
glimpse inside.
533
00:37:04,189 --> 00:37:06,122
Narrator: He can see
the mummy inside,
534
00:37:06,158 --> 00:37:09,392
But he can only
watch on anxiously.
535
00:37:16,668 --> 00:37:19,402
Narrator: The wedges
slowly push the lid up.
536
00:37:22,407 --> 00:37:26,076
The 3,500-year-old wood could
disintegrate at any moment.
537
00:37:29,014 --> 00:37:30,280
Fathi: Wow.
538
00:37:30,315 --> 00:37:34,718
Narrator: Masks protect
against any ancient diseases.
539
00:37:34,753 --> 00:37:38,655
(speaking native language).
540
00:37:38,690 --> 00:37:40,190
Fathi: Ok.
541
00:37:57,609 --> 00:37:59,643
Narrator: For the first
time, they lay eyes on what's
542
00:37:59,678 --> 00:38:04,714
Clearly a human form wrapped
in plain linen that was woven
543
00:38:04,750 --> 00:38:07,083
30 centuries ago.
544
00:38:28,473 --> 00:38:30,373
Narrator: The team prepares
the mummy for the next stage
545
00:38:30,409 --> 00:38:34,411
Of research, where x-rays will
reveal more of its secrets:
546
00:38:35,414 --> 00:38:39,282
Its age, gender,
cause of death.
547
00:38:41,453 --> 00:38:45,121
This rare find is full of
clues and vital evidence that
548
00:38:45,157 --> 00:38:48,458
Will help fathi and other
archaeologists understand how
549
00:38:48,493 --> 00:38:51,494
People were buried during
the time of nefertiti.
550
00:38:56,234 --> 00:38:58,968
In luxor.
551
00:39:00,605 --> 00:39:05,008
The idea that nefertiti became
pharaoh is now widely accepted,
552
00:39:05,043 --> 00:39:09,446
But it radically alters the
hunt for the missing queen.
553
00:39:09,481 --> 00:39:12,982
Chris thinks that it can
only lead to one conclusion.
554
00:39:15,554 --> 00:39:19,556
He has come to the famous valley
of the kings to investigate.
555
00:39:19,591 --> 00:39:22,058
Chris: If nefertiti
did become pharaoh,
556
00:39:22,094 --> 00:39:25,328
And if she also made the
move back here to thebes from
557
00:39:25,364 --> 00:39:29,199
Amarna, then there's only
really one place here where we
558
00:39:29,234 --> 00:39:31,034
Could expect her to
have been buried,
559
00:39:31,069 --> 00:39:32,769
And that's right
in this place,
560
00:39:32,804 --> 00:39:35,004
In the valley of the kings.
561
00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:37,474
Narrator: If she lies here
in the valley of the kings,
562
00:39:37,509 --> 00:39:41,277
Could other tombs hold clues
to help chris find her?
563
00:39:45,951 --> 00:39:49,419
Chris: The tomb
just goes on and on.
564
00:39:49,454 --> 00:39:52,922
Narrator: Passages and
chambers extend over 600 feet,
565
00:39:52,958 --> 00:39:54,724
Deep into the rock.
566
00:39:57,396 --> 00:39:59,696
Chris: The tombs in the
valley of the kings are all
567
00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:02,298
Different, but
they're monumental,
568
00:40:02,334 --> 00:40:05,969
Very large grand spaces,
with long corridors,
569
00:40:06,004 --> 00:40:08,338
Multiple chambers
leading off them.
570
00:40:08,373 --> 00:40:11,541
If nefertiti had a tomb in
the valley of the kings,
571
00:40:11,576 --> 00:40:15,044
You've got to think that it
would have been like this one.
572
00:40:16,848 --> 00:40:20,884
Narrator: If this
tomb is a guide to how
nefertiti's tomb might be,
573
00:40:20,919 --> 00:40:24,821
How could it have escaped
detection for all this time?
574
00:40:24,856 --> 00:40:27,991
Where could
nefertiti be hiding?
575
00:40:29,694 --> 00:40:32,629
In search of answers, chris
heads for the most famous tomb
576
00:40:32,664 --> 00:40:36,366
In the valley of the kings:
King tutankhamun's.
577
00:40:38,069 --> 00:40:40,336
He was the first pharaoh
known to be buried here
578
00:40:40,372 --> 00:40:43,606
After nefertiti's reign.
579
00:40:43,642 --> 00:40:46,776
Chris: This tomb
is a real oddity.
580
00:40:46,812 --> 00:40:49,546
When you think about how
famous tutankhamun is,
581
00:40:49,581 --> 00:40:53,616
The tomb itself just
somehow doesn't fit.
582
00:40:53,652 --> 00:40:57,086
It's really small by
comparison with the
583
00:40:57,122 --> 00:41:00,256
Other tombs in the
valley of the kings.
584
00:41:00,292 --> 00:41:03,560
There's something just
not quite right here.
585
00:41:04,930 --> 00:41:06,930
Narrator: There are many
things about tutankhamun's
586
00:41:06,965 --> 00:41:09,499
Tomb that don't add up.
587
00:41:09,534 --> 00:41:11,801
The entrance to the
tomb turns right,
588
00:41:11,837 --> 00:41:15,738
When for a male pharaoh it
should be a turn to the left.
589
00:41:16,808 --> 00:41:21,578
Tutankhamun's nested coffins
have double cobras and
vulture headdresses,
590
00:41:21,613 --> 00:41:25,248
Normally only associated
with female coffins.
591
00:41:25,283 --> 00:41:28,218
And the most famous icon
in egyptian archaeology,
592
00:41:28,253 --> 00:41:32,088
The magnificent golden
death mask of tutankhamun,
593
00:41:32,123 --> 00:41:35,091
Reveals earring holes.
594
00:41:35,126 --> 00:41:38,461
And, while tut's name is
engraved on the shoulder,
595
00:41:38,497 --> 00:41:42,432
Hidden beneath it are faint
traces of the cartouche of
596
00:41:42,467 --> 00:41:46,769
Ankhkheperure
neferneferuaten or nefertiti.
597
00:41:50,442 --> 00:41:54,143
Could tutankhamun
have been buried with
nefertiti's death mask
598
00:41:54,179 --> 00:41:58,648
In a small side chamber
of a hidden bigger
tomb meant for her?
599
00:42:00,118 --> 00:42:02,685
Chris continues
to investigate.
600
00:42:02,721 --> 00:42:06,122
Chris: There's another side
chamber called the treasury.
601
00:42:06,157 --> 00:42:09,292
Some of the items in here,
although they apparently
602
00:42:09,327 --> 00:42:14,063
Depict the king, had
very feminine features.
603
00:42:14,099 --> 00:42:17,667
It's possible that, actually,
some of tutankhamun's objects
604
00:42:17,702 --> 00:42:20,537
And maybe even this tomb
were originally prepared for
605
00:42:20,572 --> 00:42:24,374
Someone else, maybe
even nefertiti.
606
00:42:25,176 --> 00:42:29,646
Narrator: But why
would tutankhamun be
in nefertiti's tomb?
607
00:42:30,849 --> 00:42:34,884
When akhenaten died, his
cult of the sun god aten was
608
00:42:34,920 --> 00:42:41,024
Overthrown and the old gods,
led by amun, were restored.
609
00:42:43,862 --> 00:42:47,730
Nefertiti may have ruled
then as the pharaoh,
610
00:42:47,766 --> 00:42:52,302
Until akhenaten's son,
nine-year-old tutankhaten,
611
00:42:52,337 --> 00:42:55,972
Ascended the throne and
changed his name to honor
612
00:42:56,007 --> 00:42:59,842
Amun, becoming tutankhamun.
613
00:43:03,882 --> 00:43:07,717
Chris: We know that
tutankhamun died at
a very young age,
614
00:43:07,752 --> 00:43:10,286
He was perhaps 18 years old,
615
00:43:10,322 --> 00:43:14,691
And so perhaps he died
unexpectedly and, if so,
616
00:43:14,726 --> 00:43:18,661
Then perhaps his tomb
was prepared in a hurry.
617
00:43:20,498 --> 00:43:24,000
Narrator: It's possible that
tutankhamun's officials used a
618
00:43:24,035 --> 00:43:27,804
Tomb prepared for his
stepmother, nefertiti.
619
00:43:29,274 --> 00:43:32,141
Chris: That might help us
to explain why, perhaps,
620
00:43:32,177 --> 00:43:36,879
A relatively small tomb was
so crammed full of such a
621
00:43:36,915 --> 00:43:39,148
Hotch-potch of items.
622
00:43:39,184 --> 00:43:42,685
Everything had to be done
far more quickly that the
623
00:43:42,721 --> 00:43:44,787
Authorities were expecting.
624
00:43:44,823 --> 00:43:46,923
Narrator: And it could
finally explain where
625
00:43:46,958 --> 00:43:50,360
Nefertiti herself is buried.
626
00:43:50,395 --> 00:43:54,764
Chris: Is it possible that she's
even still here somewhere?
627
00:43:56,568 --> 00:43:58,835
Narrator: The tomb of
tutankhamun is the greatest
628
00:43:58,870 --> 00:44:02,338
Archaeological
discovery of all time,
629
00:44:02,374 --> 00:44:06,075
Its greatest prize
its treasure.
630
00:44:06,811 --> 00:44:10,046
But could there be a greater
lost treasure hidden beside it?
631
00:44:12,450 --> 00:44:15,852
The search for one of egypt's
most famous queens could be
632
00:44:15,887 --> 00:44:20,189
About to end here in
the valley of the kings.
633
00:44:22,360 --> 00:44:23,559
Captioned by cotter
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