All language subtitles for Big Bigger Biggest Collection 1 Part 3 SkyScrapper Burj Kahilfa 1080p

from the sands of the Arabian desert

from the sands of the Arabian desert

from the sands of the Arabian desert
rises the tallest man-made structure on

rises the tallest man-made structure on

rises the tallest man-made structure on
earth a city in the sky nearly half a

earth a city in the sky nearly half a

earth a city in the sky nearly half a
kilometer tall the Boers de Bie is the

kilometer tall the Boers de Bie is the

kilometer tall the Boers de Bie is the
pinnacle of skyscraper engineering

it owes its success to seven key

it owes its success to seven key

it owes its success to seven key
inventions we have lined up seven

inventions we have lined up seven

inventions we have lined up seven
landmark buildings historic Giants of

landmark buildings historic Giants of

landmark buildings historic Giants of
the skyscraper world at the heart of

the skyscraper world at the heart of

the skyscraper world at the heart of
each one lies a major technological

each one lies a major technological

each one lies a major technological
innovation that allowed engineers to

innovation that allowed engineers to

innovation that allowed engineers to
reach ever taller into the sky one by

reach ever taller into the sky one by

reach ever taller into the sky one by
one traveling up the scale will reveal

one traveling up the scale will reveal

one traveling up the scale will reveal
the incredible stories behind these

the incredible stories behind these

the incredible stories behind these
structures and the inventions that have

structures and the inventions that have

structures and the inventions that have
driven them higher seven ingenious leaps

driven them higher seven ingenious leaps

driven them higher seven ingenious leaps
forward that have enabled skyscrapers to

forward that have enabled skyscrapers to

forward that have enabled skyscrapers to
evolve from big to bigger into the

evolve from big to bigger into the

evolve from big to bigger into the
world's biggest

[Music]

[Music]

Dubai is the fastest-growing city in the

Dubai is the fastest-growing city in the

Dubai is the fastest-growing city in the
world

an army of cranes and labourers work

an army of cranes and labourers work

an army of cranes and labourers work
around the clock to turn the city into a

around the clock to turn the city into a

around the clock to turn the city into a
place that the whole world will look up

place that the whole world will look up

place that the whole world will look up
to

to

to
[Music]

the centerpiece in the grand plan is the

the centerpiece in the grand plan is the

the centerpiece in the grand plan is the
borscht Dubai the tallest skyscraper in

borscht Dubai the tallest skyscraper in

borscht Dubai the tallest skyscraper in
the world to understand how the borscht

the world to understand how the borscht

the world to understand how the borscht
debye can be distorted to go back in

debye can be distorted to go back in

debye can be distorted to go back in
time and look at how skyscrapers began

time and look at how skyscrapers began

time and look at how skyscrapers began
the first breakthrough happened in the

the first breakthrough happened in the

the first breakthrough happened in the
19th century with a building that was

19th century with a building that was

19th century with a building that was
only 43 meters tall the builders of the

only 43 meters tall the builders of the

only 43 meters tall the builders of the
equitable Life Building in New York

equitable Life Building in New York

equitable Life Building in New York
realized that before buildings could

realized that before buildings could

realized that before buildings could
reach taller they had to find a way to

reach taller they had to find a way to

reach taller they had to find a way to
make people climb higher the first big

make people climb higher the first big

make people climb higher the first big
obstacle to skyscrapers was the stair

obstacle to skyscrapers was the stair

obstacle to skyscrapers was the stair
people were willing to walk

people were willing to walk

people were willing to walk
lots of flights of stairs stairs and old

lots of flights of stairs stairs and old

lots of flights of stairs stairs and old
office buildings were long they were

office buildings were long they were

office buildings were long they were
very dark and people weren't ready to

very dark and people weren't ready to

very dark and people weren't ready to
climb stairs more than to the second

climb stairs more than to the second

climb stairs more than to the second
floor the third floor and if you were a

floor the third floor and if you were a

floor the third floor and if you were a
lawyer and you were looking for clients

lawyer and you were looking for clients

lawyer and you were looking for clients
and you were on the fifth floor you are

and you were on the fifth floor you are

and you were on the fifth floor you are
undoubtedly going to lose clients

undoubtedly going to lose clients

undoubtedly going to lose clients
because they didn't want to come up to

because they didn't want to come up to

because they didn't want to come up to
your office by the time you reach the

your office by the time you reach the

your office by the time you reach the
6th floor 7th you are you're incredibly

6th floor 7th you are you're incredibly

6th floor 7th you are you're incredibly
winded but that's it for me

winded but that's it for me

winded but that's it for me
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[Music]

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there was an obvious solution to the

there was an obvious solution to the

there was an obvious solution to the
problem the elevator

problem the elevator

problem the elevator
[Music]

but early elevators had one deadly fault

but early elevators had one deadly fault

but early elevators had one deadly fault
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
nothing stopped them from falling if the

nothing stopped them from falling if the

nothing stopped them from falling if the
rope broke

rope broke

rope broke
[Music]

but then a mechanic from Vermont

but then a mechanic from Vermont

but then a mechanic from Vermont
invented a device that could stop a

invented a device that could stop a

invented a device that could stop a
falling elevator almost instantly in

falling elevator almost instantly in

falling elevator almost instantly in
1854 Elijah graves

1854 Elijah graves

1854 Elijah graves
Otis demonstrated his invention at the

Otis demonstrated his invention at the

Otis demonstrated his invention at the
World's Fair in New York he stands on a

World's Fair in New York he stands on a

World's Fair in New York he stands on a
platform high up in the air apparently

platform high up in the air apparently

platform high up in the air apparently
held only by a rope all right stand be

held only by a rope all right stand be

held only by a rope all right stand be
gentle with me then otis told his

gentle with me then otis told his

gentle with me then otis told his
gasping audience that the rope was about

gasping audience that the rope was about

gasping audience that the rope was about
to be cut Stan

to be cut Stan

to be cut Stan
cut the rope and at the end of that

cut the rope and at the end of that

cut the rope and at the end of that
cutting of the Rope he reportedly took

cutting of the Rope he reportedly took

cutting of the Rope he reportedly took
off his top hat bowed to the audience

off his top hat bowed to the audience

off his top hat bowed to the audience
and said all safe gentlemen all safe

and said all safe gentlemen all safe

and said all safe gentlemen all safe
this was the world's first fully

this was the world's first fully

this was the world's first fully
automated safety elevator it was a

automated safety elevator it was a

automated safety elevator it was a
simple yet very clever invention

simple yet very clever invention

simple yet very clever invention
the critical element the elevator rope

the critical element the elevator rope

the critical element the elevator rope
was secured with a powerful wagon spring

was secured with a powerful wagon spring

was secured with a powerful wagon spring
mounted on top of the cab this spring

mounted on top of the cab this spring

mounted on top of the cab this spring
connected to a set of metal prongs on

connected to a set of metal prongs on

connected to a set of metal prongs on
either side of the elevator the prongs

either side of the elevator the prongs

either side of the elevator the prongs
ran along guide rails fitted with a row

ran along guide rails fitted with a row

ran along guide rails fitted with a row
of teeth when the rope broke it

of teeth when the rope broke it

of teeth when the rope broke it
triggered a chain of events the spring

triggered a chain of events the spring

triggered a chain of events the spring
relaxed and forced the metal prongs into

relaxed and forced the metal prongs into

relaxed and forced the metal prongs into
the teeth locking the cab in place this

the teeth locking the cab in place this

the teeth locking the cab in place this
was a true engineering breakthrough the

was a true engineering breakthrough the

was a true engineering breakthrough the
elevator completely transformed the

elevator completely transformed the

elevator completely transformed the
urban landscape and it all started in

urban landscape and it all started in

urban landscape and it all started in
1870 on a busy street corner in downtown

1870 on a busy street corner in downtown

1870 on a busy street corner in downtown
[Music]

this corner was the site of the

this corner was the site of the

this corner was the site of the
equitable Life Assurance company's

equitable Life Assurance company's

equitable Life Assurance company's
headquarters a building of extraordinary

headquarters a building of extraordinary

headquarters a building of extraordinary
significance because it was the first

significance because it was the first

significance because it was the first
office building with an elevator and

office building with an elevator and

office building with an elevator and
without an elevator the skyscraper would

without an elevator the skyscraper would

without an elevator the skyscraper would
be impossible the building standing here

be impossible the building standing here

be impossible the building standing here
today is the new equitable life

today is the new equitable life

today is the new equitable life
headquarters

headquarters

headquarters
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
it has replaced the old equitable life

it has replaced the old equitable life

it has replaced the old equitable life
building which was not a skyscraper as

building which was not a skyscraper as

building which was not a skyscraper as
we know it

we know it

we know it
it didn't scrape the sky it didn't soar

it didn't scrape the sky it didn't soar

it didn't scrape the sky it didn't soar
up but it changed the notion of what an

up but it changed the notion of what an

up but it changed the notion of what an
office building could be before the

office building could be before the

office building could be before the
equitable life the lower floors of a

equitable life the lower floors of a

equitable life the lower floors of a
building were the most desirable but the

building were the most desirable but the

building were the most desirable but the
elevator completely reversed the

elevator completely reversed the

elevator completely reversed the
economics of real estate

economics of real estate

economics of real estate
equitable understood that the upper

equitable understood that the upper

equitable understood that the upper
floors now which received light and air

floors now which received light and air

floors now which received light and air
and were away from the noise of traffic

and were away from the noise of traffic

and were away from the noise of traffic
would be the most valuable spaces in the

would be the most valuable spaces in the

would be the most valuable spaces in the
building so what did they do they

building so what did they do they

building so what did they do they
occupied the lowest stories in the

occupied the lowest stories in the

occupied the lowest stories in the
building and they rent it out at the

building and they rent it out at the

building and they rent it out at the
highest rents possible the upper floors

highest rents possible the upper floors

highest rents possible the upper floors
of the building so it's the whole idea

of the building so it's the whole idea

of the building so it's the whole idea
of a skyscraper with high rents and

of a skyscraper with high rents and

of a skyscraper with high rents and
views and light and air on the upper

views and light and air on the upper

views and light and air on the upper
floors which we still deal with today

floors which we still deal with today

floors which we still deal with today
that was invented at the equitable

that was invented at the equitable

that was invented at the equitable
building the Borge de Bie takes the idea

building the Borge de Bie takes the idea

building the Borge de Bie takes the idea
of the elevator to the extreme equitable

of the elevator to the extreme equitable

of the elevator to the extreme equitable
life had seven and a half stories the

life had seven and a half stories the

life had seven and a half stories the
board by has over 160 a height that

board by has over 160 a height that

board by has over 160 a height that
stretches elevated technology to its

stretches elevated technology to its

stretches elevated technology to its
absolute limit

[Music]

the borscht by will be able to

the borscht by will be able to

the borscht by will be able to
accommodate 35,000 people

getting a population the size of a small

getting a population the size of a small

getting a population the size of a small
town in and out of the building is the

town in and out of the building is the

town in and out of the building is the
ultimate challenge for the elevators to

ultimate challenge for the elevators to

ultimate challenge for the elevators to
cope with the numbers that borscht to

cope with the numbers that borscht to

cope with the numbers that borscht to
buy has 53 different elevators some

buy has 53 different elevators some

buy has 53 different elevators some
reach over 35 kilometres an hour and

reach over 35 kilometres an hour and

reach over 35 kilometres an hour and
climb a hundred and 20 floors in under

climb a hundred and 20 floors in under

climb a hundred and 20 floors in under
50 seconds the biggest lifts carry up to

50 seconds the biggest lifts carry up to

50 seconds the biggest lifts carry up to
46 passengers

46 passengers

46 passengers
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
stopping such a speeding juggernaut in

stopping such a speeding juggernaut in

stopping such a speeding juggernaut in
an emergency is a Titanic challenge

an emergency is a Titanic challenge

an emergency is a Titanic challenge
we're now talking 30 times 40 times 50

we're now talking 30 times 40 times 50

we're now talking 30 times 40 times 50
tons of moving mass what happens to an

tons of moving mass what happens to an

tons of moving mass what happens to an
elevator brake system is the equivalent

elevator brake system is the equivalent

elevator brake system is the equivalent
of driving an 18-wheel truck off a cliff

of driving an 18-wheel truck off a cliff

of driving an 18-wheel truck off a cliff
and stopping it in midair as soon as an

and stopping it in midair as soon as an

and stopping it in midair as soon as an
elevator on the bush to fly exceeds its

elevator on the bush to fly exceeds its

elevator on the bush to fly exceeds its
speed limit emergency brakes spring into

speed limit emergency brakes spring into

speed limit emergency brakes spring into
action

action

action
metal breakers bite down on the guide

metal breakers bite down on the guide

metal breakers bite down on the guide
rails and generate enough braking power

rails and generate enough braking power

rails and generate enough braking power
to stop the elevator within a few meters

but at the end of the day the safety

but at the end of the day the safety

but at the end of the day the safety
that we depend on that the riders depend

that we depend on that the riders depend

that we depend on that the riders depend
on to bring the car to a safe and a

on to bring the car to a safe and a

on to bring the car to a safe and a
controlled stop is still a mechanical

controlled stop is still a mechanical

controlled stop is still a mechanical
device

device

device
[Music]

the safety elevator allowed the

the safety elevator allowed the

the safety elevator allowed the
skyscraper to break through the

skyscraper to break through the

skyscraper to break through the
five-story barrier suddenly tall

five-story barrier suddenly tall

five-story barrier suddenly tall
buildings were big business but as they

buildings were big business but as they

buildings were big business but as they
approached 80 meters traditional

approached 80 meters traditional

approached 80 meters traditional
building materials were no longer strong

building materials were no longer strong

building materials were no longer strong
enough to make the leap to the 87 meter

enough to make the leap to the 87 meter

enough to make the leap to the 87 meter
full of Flatiron Building in New York

full of Flatiron Building in New York

full of Flatiron Building in New York
the skyscraper had to be reinvented this

the skyscraper had to be reinvented this

the skyscraper had to be reinvented this
is the Monadnock building in Chicago a

is the Monadnock building in Chicago a

is the Monadnock building in Chicago a
living fossil in the skyscraper world

when it opened in 1893 it was the

when it opened in 1893 it was the

when it opened in 1893 it was the
world's largest office block but it's 16

world's largest office block but it's 16

world's largest office block but it's 16
stories stretched stone to the limit

the walls the bottom were a whopping two

the walls the bottom were a whopping two

the walls the bottom were a whopping two
meters thick to bear the weight of the

meters thick to bear the weight of the

meters thick to bear the weight of the
Monadnock the structure was so extremely

Monadnock the structure was so extremely

Monadnock the structure was so extremely
heavy that it soon began to sink if the

heavy that it soon began to sink if the

heavy that it soon began to sink if the
soft Chicago soil invention half a meter

soft Chicago soil invention half a meter

soft Chicago soil invention half a meter
of bricks and mortar disappeared

of bricks and mortar disappeared

of bricks and mortar disappeared
underground

obviously stone was not skyscraper

obviously stone was not skyscraper

obviously stone was not skyscraper
material

so when the architect of the Monadnock

so when the architect of the Monadnock

so when the architect of the Monadnock
Daniel Burnham was planning the fuller

Daniel Burnham was planning the fuller

Daniel Burnham was planning the fuller
building in New York he was in a bit of

building in New York he was in a bit of

building in New York he was in a bit of
a pickle the extremely narrow plot

a pickle the extremely narrow plot

a pickle the extremely narrow plot
dictated that his 22 story skyscraper be

dictated that his 22 story skyscraper be

dictated that his 22 story skyscraper be
triangular

Birnam knew that there was no room for

Birnam knew that there was no room for

Birnam knew that there was no room for
stone walls they would have to be so

stone walls they would have to be so

stone walls they would have to be so
thick that there would have been hardly

thick that there would have been hardly

thick that there would have been hardly
any space left on the ground floor and

any space left on the ground floor and

any space left on the ground floor and
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
wasting valuable space is a cardinal sin

wasting valuable space is a cardinal sin

wasting valuable space is a cardinal sin
for a skyscraper architect

for a skyscraper architect

for a skyscraper architect
stone was out of the question

but if you look at the full of Flatiron

but if you look at the full of Flatiron

but if you look at the full of Flatiron
today it looks like it is built from

today it looks like it is built from

today it looks like it is built from
stone so how did Burnham do it it's all

stone so how did Burnham do it it's all

stone so how did Burnham do it it's all
just a facade

under the skin of the fuller lies one of

under the skin of the fuller lies one of

under the skin of the fuller lies one of
the most important building technologies

the most important building technologies

the most important building technologies
ever invented

ever invented

ever invented
Birnam made the building out of steel

Birnam made the building out of steel

Birnam made the building out of steel
columns and beams locked together into a

columns and beams locked together into a

columns and beams locked together into a
steel skeleton

steel skeleton

steel skeleton
steel is much stronger than stone so

steel is much stronger than stone so

steel is much stronger than stone so
this skeleton could be thin and light

this skeleton could be thin and light

this skeleton could be thin and light
yet it could support the weight of the

yet it could support the weight of the

yet it could support the weight of the
whole structure to keep the weather out

whole structure to keep the weather out

whole structure to keep the weather out
Burnham could simply hang thin masonry

Burnham could simply hang thin masonry

Burnham could simply hang thin masonry
walls off the steel frame like curtains

steel construction truly moved the

steel construction truly moved the

steel construction truly moved the
skyscraper on this was a new breed of

skyscraper on this was a new breed of

skyscraper on this was a new breed of
building once the steel skeleton frame

building once the steel skeleton frame

building once the steel skeleton frame
is perfected basically you could build

is perfected basically you could build

is perfected basically you could build
hypothetically to any height and that

hypothetically to any height and that

hypothetically to any height and that
meant that land values in commercial

meant that land values in commercial

meant that land values in commercial
areas of New York absolutely skyrocketed

areas of New York absolutely skyrocketed

areas of New York absolutely skyrocketed
because no longer was land valued for an

because no longer was land valued for an

because no longer was land valued for an
8 or 10 or 12 story building which was

8 or 10 or 12 story building which was

8 or 10 or 12 story building which was
the most you could build without the

the most you could build without the

the most you could build without the
steel skeleton frame but now the sky was

steel skeleton frame but now the sky was

steel skeleton frame but now the sky was
literally the limit

[Music]

the skeleton of the borscht debye

the skeleton of the borscht debye

the skeleton of the borscht debye
combines the best of steel and stone it

combines the best of steel and stone it

combines the best of steel and stone it
uses over 30,000 tonnes of steel but in

uses over 30,000 tonnes of steel but in

uses over 30,000 tonnes of steel but in
a very clever way the steel is embedded

a very clever way the steel is embedded

a very clever way the steel is embedded
in artificial stone concrete

this reinforced concrete backbone will

this reinforced concrete backbone will

this reinforced concrete backbone will
be clad in a high-tech curtain wall of

be clad in a high-tech curtain wall of

be clad in a high-tech curtain wall of
glass and steel the curtain wall of the

glass and steel the curtain wall of the

glass and steel the curtain wall of the
borscht Dubai will cost a hundred

borscht Dubai will cost a hundred

borscht Dubai will cost a hundred
million dollars so before it's bolted on

million dollars so before it's bolted on

million dollars so before it's bolted on
the engineers take prototypes sections

the engineers take prototypes sections

the engineers take prototypes sections
for a test drive this is where the

for a test drive this is where the

for a test drive this is where the
rubber meets the road it has an

rubber meets the road it has an

rubber meets the road it has an
informant has to perform right here

today the engineers apply the ultimate

today the engineers apply the ultimate

today the engineers apply the ultimate
test an aircraft engine simulates a

test an aircraft engine simulates a

test an aircraft engine simulates a
Desert Storm

Desert Storm

Desert Storm
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
we try to put everything that mother

we try to put everything that mother

we try to put everything that mother
nature we throw out the building into

nature we throw out the building into

nature we throw out the building into
these tests if the breakfast cup resists

these tests if the breakfast cup resists

these tests if the breakfast cup resists
the window you have the prospect of the

the window you have the prospect of the

the window you have the prospect of the
hope that the could will peeling off the

hope that the could will peeling off the

hope that the could will peeling off the
whole building

whole building

whole building
if you erected a curtain wall I didn't

if you erected a curtain wall I didn't

if you erected a curtain wall I didn't
find out how to inherent design flaw

find out how to inherent design flaw

find out how to inherent design flaw
like it leak or something until after it

like it leak or something until after it

like it leak or something until after it
was occupied and the first storm came

was occupied and the first storm came

was occupied and the first storm came
it's unthinkable

the propeller splits wind and rain

the propeller splits wind and rain

the propeller splits wind and rain
backwards of the curtain wall section

backwards of the curtain wall section

backwards of the curtain wall section
mounted behind it it reaches speeds of

mounted behind it it reaches speeds of

mounted behind it it reaches speeds of
75 kilometres an hour a real challenge

75 kilometres an hour a real challenge

75 kilometres an hour a real challenge
for the curtain wall will the prototype

for the curtain wall will the prototype

for the curtain wall will the prototype
withstand pressures

withstand pressures

withstand pressures
[Music]

the buffeting and the movement of the

the buffeting and the movement of the

the buffeting and the movement of the
water across the surface is finding

water across the surface is finding

water across the surface is finding
weaknesses and if there's any flaws and

weaknesses and if there's any flaws and

weaknesses and if there's any flaws and
connections or holes in the curtain wall

connections or holes in the curtain wall

connections or holes in the curtain wall
the water will seep through so if you

the water will seep through so if you

the water will seep through so if you
see any water coming through

see any water coming through

see any water coming through
it's a fail and you know what's happened

it's a fail and you know what's happened

it's a fail and you know what's happened
but today the prototype passes the test

but today the prototype passes the test

but today the prototype passes the test
with flying colors

with flying colors

with flying colors
the Borge de Bie takes one step further

the Borge de Bie takes one step further

the Borge de Bie takes one step further
to completion now the challenge for the

to completion now the challenge for the

to completion now the challenge for the
engineers is to stop the baking Desert

engineers is to stop the baking Desert

engineers is to stop the baking Desert
Sun from turning their beautiful glass

Sun from turning their beautiful glass

Sun from turning their beautiful glass
tower into a giant oven steel catapulted

tower into a giant oven steel catapulted

tower into a giant oven steel catapulted
skyscrapers to unseen heights as walls

skyscrapers to unseen heights as walls

skyscrapers to unseen heights as walls
now no longer had to bear all the weight

now no longer had to bear all the weight

now no longer had to bear all the weight
architects could make them out of

architects could make them out of

architects could make them out of
completely new materials glass promised

completely new materials glass promised

completely new materials glass promised
to flood the hundred and fifty-four

to flood the hundred and fifty-four

to flood the hundred and fifty-four
meter UN building with light but also

meter UN building with light but also

meter UN building with light but also
with heat to beat this new enemy

with heat to beat this new enemy

with heat to beat this new enemy
skyscrapers would have to get cooler

in 1947 when the United Nations designed

in 1947 when the United Nations designed

in 1947 when the United Nations designed
their new headquarters in New York they

their new headquarters in New York they

their new headquarters in New York they
faced a dilemma they wanted to cover the

faced a dilemma they wanted to cover the

faced a dilemma they wanted to cover the
building with glass to make the interior

building with glass to make the interior

building with glass to make the interior
as bright as possible what they didn't

as bright as possible what they didn't

as bright as possible what they didn't
want was a 39 storey greenhouse

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
a glass wall would allow a lot of light

a glass wall would allow a lot of light

a glass wall would allow a lot of light
into the building but also solar

into the building but also solar

into the building but also solar
radiation this would be absorbed by the

radiation this would be absorbed by the

radiation this would be absorbed by the
objects inside these in turn would

objects inside these in turn would

objects inside these in turn would
radiate heat into the surrounding air

radiate heat into the surrounding air

radiate heat into the surrounding air
and warm it up and as the sealed glass

and warm it up and as the sealed glass

and warm it up and as the sealed glass
windows couldn't let the hot air escape

windows couldn't let the hot air escape

windows couldn't let the hot air escape
things would get uncomfortable very

things would get uncomfortable very

things would get uncomfortable very
quickly you would basically be in an

quickly you would basically be in an

quickly you would basically be in an
oven in the summer so you need to have

oven in the summer so you need to have

oven in the summer so you need to have
artificial cooling in order to make

artificial cooling in order to make

artificial cooling in order to make
these glass skyscrapers work an American

these glass skyscrapers work an American

these glass skyscrapers work an American
engineer called Willis carrier cracked

engineer called Willis carrier cracked

engineer called Willis carrier cracked
the cooling problem he invented a

the cooling problem he invented a

the cooling problem he invented a
machine that could cool and dry hot

machine that could cool and dry hot

machine that could cool and dry hot
moist air by making it wet first it

moist air by making it wet first it

moist air by making it wet first it
injected a fine mist of cold water into

injected a fine mist of cold water into

injected a fine mist of cold water into
a chamber next

a chamber next

a chamber next
it sucked hot soggy air into this cold

it sucked hot soggy air into this cold

it sucked hot soggy air into this cold
mist seemed closed up something

mist seemed closed up something

mist seemed closed up something
remarkable happened as the hot air hit

remarkable happened as the hot air hit

remarkable happened as the hot air hit
the surface of the cold water the air

the surface of the cold water the air

the surface of the cold water the air
cooled down and released its moisture

cooled down and released its moisture

cooled down and released its moisture
onto the droplets

onto the droplets

onto the droplets
thus the air was cooled and dried in a

thus the air was cooled and dried in a

thus the air was cooled and dried in a
single step

single step

single step
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
carriers invention was the perfect

carriers invention was the perfect

carriers invention was the perfect
solution to the heat problem in the UN

solution to the heat problem in the UN

solution to the heat problem in the UN
building once you have air-conditioning

building once you have air-conditioning

building once you have air-conditioning
you no longer needed to be near Windows

you no longer needed to be near Windows

you no longer needed to be near Windows
so suddenly you could build skyscrapers

so suddenly you could build skyscrapers

so suddenly you could build skyscrapers
with enormous floor plates and so

with enormous floor plates and so

with enormous floor plates and so
air-conditioning allowed for these

air-conditioning allowed for these

air-conditioning allowed for these
buildings that are really really massive

buildings that are really really massive

buildings that are really really massive
so all of these things together made the

so all of these things together made the

so all of these things together made the
building pay to its maximum

air-conditioning allows skyscrapers like

air-conditioning allows skyscrapers like

air-conditioning allows skyscrapers like
the boys to buy to rise up in even the

the boys to buy to rise up in even the

the boys to buy to rise up in even the
hottest climates and there is hardly a

hottest climates and there is hardly a

hottest climates and there is hardly a
place on earth where air-conditioning

place on earth where air-conditioning

place on earth where air-conditioning
matters more than Dubai temperatures

matters more than Dubai temperatures

matters more than Dubai temperatures
easily reach 40 degrees Celsius in the

easily reach 40 degrees Celsius in the

easily reach 40 degrees Celsius in the
shade the average humidity is 90% a

shade the average humidity is 90% a

shade the average humidity is 90% a
truly extreme environment for a

truly extreme environment for a

truly extreme environment for a
skyscraper

skyscraper

skyscraper
the key to shielding the borscht Dubai

the key to shielding the borscht Dubai

the key to shielding the borscht Dubai
from the brutal Desert Sun is built into

from the brutal Desert Sun is built into

from the brutal Desert Sun is built into
its glass skin the air conditioning

its glass skin the air conditioning

its glass skin the air conditioning
couldn't keep up but we just use normal

couldn't keep up but we just use normal

couldn't keep up but we just use normal
glass well this is an actual piece of

glass well this is an actual piece of

glass well this is an actual piece of
the glass that we're using on the

the glass that we're using on the

the glass that we're using on the
building we have an outside face an

building we have an outside face an

building we have an outside face an
inside face so what the outside coating

inside face so what the outside coating

inside face so what the outside coating
does is reflects the daily solar heat

does is reflects the daily solar heat

does is reflects the daily solar heat
that comes direct from the Sun would

that comes direct from the Sun would

that comes direct from the Sun would
pass into an apartment or office

pass into an apartment or office

pass into an apartment or office
the outside pain is coated with a thin

the outside pain is coated with a thin

the outside pain is coated with a thin
layer of metal like sunscreen the metal

layer of metal like sunscreen the metal

layer of metal like sunscreen the metal
coating deflects ultraviolet radiation

coating deflects ultraviolet radiation

coating deflects ultraviolet radiation
that would otherwise heat up the

that would otherwise heat up the

that would otherwise heat up the
building but the sunscreen is useless

building but the sunscreen is useless

building but the sunscreen is useless
against the infrared that radiates from

against the infrared that radiates from

against the infrared that radiates from
the hot desert sand so the inner pane is

the hot desert sand so the inner pane is

the hot desert sand so the inner pane is
coated with a thin layer of silver that

coated with a thin layer of silver that

coated with a thin layer of silver that
keeps the heat rays out over 30,000

keeps the heat rays out over 30,000

keeps the heat rays out over 30,000
glass panels enough to cover 17 football

glass panels enough to cover 17 football

glass panels enough to cover 17 football
fields will protect the Burj Dubai from

fields will protect the Burj Dubai from

fields will protect the Burj Dubai from
the scorching heat

air conditioning allowed evermore people

air conditioning allowed evermore people

air conditioning allowed evermore people
to work more comfortably inside

to work more comfortably inside

to work more comfortably inside
skyscrapers and tallest skyscrapers

skyscrapers and tallest skyscrapers

skyscrapers and tallest skyscrapers
housing more workers often greater

housing more workers often greater

housing more workers often greater
profits

profits

profits
the only problem was that biggest

the only problem was that biggest

the only problem was that biggest
skyscrapers took much longer to build

to reach the dizzying 417 meters of the

to reach the dizzying 417 meters of the

to reach the dizzying 417 meters of the
World Trade Center engineers had to

World Trade Center engineers had to

World Trade Center engineers had to
invent a new much faster way of building

invent a new much faster way of building

invent a new much faster way of building
skyscrapers long before the twin towers

skyscrapers long before the twin towers

skyscrapers long before the twin towers
in New York became the tallest buildings

in New York became the tallest buildings

in New York became the tallest buildings
in the world their developers faced a

in the world their developers faced a

in the world their developers faced a
mammoth problem

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
the minute they started construction the

the minute they started construction the

the minute they started construction the
clock would start ticking every day

clock would start ticking every day

clock would start ticking every day
their building was unfinished would cost

their building was unfinished would cost

their building was unfinished would cost
them dearly so they have to work out how

them dearly so they have to work out how

them dearly so they have to work out how
to reduce the construction time to the

to reduce the construction time to the

to reduce the construction time to the
absolute minimum the solution they came

absolute minimum the solution they came

absolute minimum the solution they came
up with was to prefabricate sections of

up with was to prefabricate sections of

up with was to prefabricate sections of
the towers and assemble them like a

the towers and assemble them like a

the towers and assemble them like a
giant jigsaw puzzle

they built the sections off-site and

they built the sections off-site and

they built the sections off-site and
ship them to the towers construction

ship them to the towers construction

ship them to the towers construction
site precisely when they were needed the

site precisely when they were needed the

site precisely when they were needed the
only problem was how to lift the

only problem was how to lift the

only problem was how to lift the
super-heavy 50 tons sections into place

super-heavy 50 tons sections into place

super-heavy 50 tons sections into place
quickly enough these buildings were

quickly enough these buildings were

quickly enough these buildings were
higher than anything had been

higher than anything had been

higher than anything had been
constructed in the past

constructed in the past

constructed in the past
so naturally we cast our eyes about the

so naturally we cast our eyes about the

so naturally we cast our eyes about the
world to see what was there and what

world to see what was there and what

world to see what was there and what
might be better suited to the project

might be better suited to the project

might be better suited to the project
the team found a revolutionary crane in

the team found a revolutionary crane in

the team found a revolutionary crane in
Australia it could lift 50 tons and four

Australia it could lift 50 tons and four

Australia it could lift 50 tons and four
of them could reach into every corner of

of them could reach into every corner of

of them could reach into every corner of
a twin town and once they had assembled

a twin town and once they had assembled

a twin town and once they had assembled
three floors an amazing thing happened

three floors an amazing thing happened

the bottom of the crane released that

the bottom of the crane released that

the bottom of the crane released that
slid up three stories and locked back

slid up three stories and locked back

slid up three stories and locked back
into place

and then the whole crane jumped itself

and then the whole crane jumped itself

and then the whole crane jumped itself
up to the next level

up to the next level

up to the next level
that's why it was called the kangaroo

that's why it was called the kangaroo

that's why it was called the kangaroo
crane

crane

crane
they were fast well they had some

they were fast well they had some

they were fast well they had some
defects so they spread a lot of oil

defects so they spread a lot of oil

defects so they spread a lot of oil
around so we could it was a constant

around so we could it was a constant

around so we could it was a constant
cleanup operation after them and so

cleanup operation after them and so

cleanup operation after them and so
forth but they were fastened and quite

forth but they were fastened and quite

forth but they were fastened and quite
reliable

with the help of the prefabricated

with the help of the prefabricated

with the help of the prefabricated
sections and a jumping kangaroo cranes

sections and a jumping kangaroo cranes

sections and a jumping kangaroo cranes
the twin towers took shape rapidly the

the twin towers took shape rapidly the

the twin towers took shape rapidly the
builders managed to finish up to 2

builders managed to finish up to 2

builders managed to finish up to 2
floors every week

in 1970 world trade tower 1 became the

in 1970 world trade tower 1 became the

in 1970 world trade tower 1 became the
tallest building in the world and while

tallest building in the world and while

tallest building in the world and while
even more floors appeared at the top

even more floors appeared at the top

even more floors appeared at the top
tenants moved in at the bottom time is

tenants moved in at the bottom time is

tenants moved in at the bottom time is
money

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
on the board by the kangaroo crane is

on the board by the kangaroo crane is

on the board by the kangaroo crane is
still the crane of choice here the

still the crane of choice here the

still the crane of choice here the
builders have taken prefabrication to a

builders have taken prefabrication to a

builders have taken prefabrication to a
new level

the key to speed is a new technology

the key to speed is a new technology

the key to speed is a new technology
called jump forming the process starts

called jump forming the process starts

called jump forming the process starts
at the bottom of the building steel

at the bottom of the building steel

at the bottom of the building steel
workers assemble steel cages that will

workers assemble steel cages that will

workers assemble steel cages that will
become the backbone for the floors and

become the backbone for the floors and

become the backbone for the floors and
walls of the borscht - by the kangaroo

walls of the borscht - by the kangaroo

walls of the borscht - by the kangaroo
cranes hoist the steel cages up and slug

cranes hoist the steel cages up and slug

cranes hoist the steel cages up and slug
them into special modes called jump

them into special modes called jump

them into special modes called jump
forms in goes the concrete and 12 hours

forms in goes the concrete and 12 hours

forms in goes the concrete and 12 hours
later when the concrete hardens the form

later when the concrete hardens the form

later when the concrete hardens the form
gets ready for the jump

hydraulic Pistons push the form up

hydraulic Pistons push the form up

hydraulic Pistons push the form up
leaving the concrete block behind it

leaving the concrete block behind it

leaving the concrete block behind it
takes only two hours for the form to

takes only two hours for the form to

takes only two hours for the form to
move up to the next level where the

move up to the next level where the

move up to the next level where the
process starts all over again

process starts all over again

process starts all over again
this way the borscht debye is cast in

this way the borscht debye is cast in

this way the borscht debye is cast in
place layer by layer like a giant

place layer by layer like a giant

place layer by layer like a giant
wedding cake but delivering concrete to

wedding cake but delivering concrete to

wedding cake but delivering concrete to
the top of the tower gets more difficult

the top of the tower gets more difficult

the top of the tower gets more difficult
with every floor

it's five o'clock and the man on the

it's five o'clock and the man on the

it's five o'clock and the man on the
day-shift go home

day-shift go home

day-shift go home
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
[Applause]

[Applause]

[Applause]
but on the top of the borscht to buy the

but on the top of the borscht to buy the

but on the top of the borscht to buy the
casting crew are waiting for the

casting crew are waiting for the

casting crew are waiting for the
concrete to arrive what we're standing

concrete to arrive what we're standing

concrete to arrive what we're standing
on right now will be the 150 fifth floor

on right now will be the 150 fifth floor

on right now will be the 150 fifth floor
so they're going to pour some walls

so they're going to pour some walls

so they're going to pour some walls
tonight below workers prepare the pumps

they need 630 horsepower pumps to cope

they need 630 horsepower pumps to cope

they need 630 horsepower pumps to cope
with the 25 tons of concrete contained

with the 25 tons of concrete contained

with the 25 tons of concrete contained
in each pipe and they're about to pump

in each pipe and they're about to pump

in each pipe and they're about to pump
this concrete higher than anyone has

this concrete higher than anyone has

this concrete higher than anyone has
ever done before an amazing challenge

ever done before an amazing challenge

ever done before an amazing challenge
for the pumping system

[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
with I think 570 meters at the moment

with I think 570 meters at the moment

with I think 570 meters at the moment
which is a roll record for a building

which is a roll record for a building

which is a roll record for a building
site it's a very aggressive environment

site it's a very aggressive environment

site it's a very aggressive environment
within the pipe with the high pressures

within the pipe with the high pressures

within the pipe with the high pressures
the aggregates rubbing against a steel

the aggregates rubbing against a steel

the aggregates rubbing against a steel
you've got to watch out because you can

you've got to watch out because you can

you've got to watch out because you can
wear through the steel and the pipes

wear through the steel and the pipes

wear through the steel and the pipes
burst it takes 40 minutes for the

burst it takes 40 minutes for the

burst it takes 40 minutes for the
concrete to travel up the pipes from the

concrete to travel up the pipes from the

concrete to travel up the pipes from the
bottom to the hundred and fifty fifth

bottom to the hundred and fifty fifth

bottom to the hundred and fifty fifth
floor

it's a combined effort of raw machine

it's a combined effort of raw machine

it's a combined effort of raw machine
power and subtle chemistry

power and subtle chemistry

power and subtle chemistry
[Music]

if the concrete is too thin and set

if the concrete is too thin and set

if the concrete is too thin and set
slowly it causes delays if it's too

slowly it causes delays if it's too

slowly it causes delays if it's too
thick it may set too soon and block the

thick it may set too soon and block the

thick it may set too soon and block the
pipes

that night it takes until 4:00 a.m.

that night it takes until 4:00 a.m.

that night it takes until 4:00 a.m.
before the job is finished now the

before the job is finished now the

before the job is finished now the
concrete and steel skeleton of the

concrete and steel skeleton of the

concrete and steel skeleton of the
borscht debye is nearly complete on a

borscht debye is nearly complete on a

borscht debye is nearly complete on a
mammoth project that will cost about 1

mammoth project that will cost about 1

mammoth project that will cost about 1
billion dollars to build every day is

billion dollars to build every day is

billion dollars to build every day is
precious

precious

precious
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
but the system has worked to perfection

but the system has worked to perfection

but the system has worked to perfection
the tower is nearly 600 meters tall and

the tower is nearly 600 meters tall and

the tower is nearly 600 meters tall and
a new floor goes on every three days

a new floor goes on every three days

a new floor goes on every three days
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
prefabrication technology allowed giant

prefabrication technology allowed giant

prefabrication technology allowed giant
skyscrapers to grow ever faster which

skyscrapers to grow ever faster which

skyscrapers to grow ever faster which
made them even more profitable and

made them even more profitable and

made them even more profitable and
desirable but as skyscrapers soared ever

desirable but as skyscrapers soared ever

desirable but as skyscrapers soared ever
higher into the clouds

higher into the clouds

higher into the clouds
they became exposed to a new enemy one

they became exposed to a new enemy one

they became exposed to a new enemy one
that exploited every weakness the wind

that exploited every weakness the wind

that exploited every weakness the wind
to build the 442 meter Sears Tower in

to build the 442 meter Sears Tower in

to build the 442 meter Sears Tower in
Chicago the proverbial Windy City

Chicago the proverbial Windy City

Chicago the proverbial Windy City
engineers had to turn the skyscraper

engineers had to turn the skyscraper

engineers had to turn the skyscraper
inside out

in 1970 the architects building the new

in 1970 the architects building the new

in 1970 the architects building the new
headquarters for Sears & Roebuck in

headquarters for Sears & Roebuck in

headquarters for Sears & Roebuck in
Chicago faced a problem their skyscraper

Chicago faced a problem their skyscraper

Chicago faced a problem their skyscraper
the Sears Tower would be over a hundred

the Sears Tower would be over a hundred

the Sears Tower would be over a hundred
floors tall a height that exposed it to

floors tall a height that exposed it to

floors tall a height that exposed it to
huge wind forces building a skyscraper

huge wind forces building a skyscraper

huge wind forces building a skyscraper
using a traditional steel skeleton would

using a traditional steel skeleton would

using a traditional steel skeleton would
have caused massive problems

have caused massive problems

have caused massive problems
the taller a steel skeleton gets the

the taller a steel skeleton gets the

the taller a steel skeleton gets the
more susceptible it is to bending in

more susceptible it is to bending in

more susceptible it is to bending in
high winds gusts of Lake Michigan can

high winds gusts of Lake Michigan can

high winds gusts of Lake Michigan can
buffered a skyscraper at up to 80

buffered a skyscraper at up to 80

buffered a skyscraper at up to 80
kilometers an hour this would cause the

kilometers an hour this would cause the

kilometers an hour this would cause the
upper floors to sway affecting the

upper floors to sway affecting the

upper floors to sway affecting the
workers inside the motion of turbulence

workers inside the motion of turbulence

workers inside the motion of turbulence
more like the motion of a ship creates a

more like the motion of a ship creates a

more like the motion of a ship creates a
kind of sea sickness there's that same

kind of sea sickness there's that same

kind of sea sickness there's that same
sense in an in a very tall building so

sense in an in a very tall building so

sense in an in a very tall building so
if necessary to reduce the swaying

if necessary to reduce the swaying

if necessary to reduce the swaying
component down so the people are not

component down so the people are not

component down so the people are not
sick

the architects of the Sears Tower

the architects of the Sears Tower

the architects of the Sears Tower
invented a technology that could beat

invented a technology that could beat

invented a technology that could beat
the wind they shifted the steel

the wind they shifted the steel

the wind they shifted the steel
framework from the inside of the

framework from the inside of the

framework from the inside of the
building

building

building
to the outside this so-called

to the outside this so-called

to the outside this so-called
exoskeleton made it very hard for wind

exoskeleton made it very hard for wind

exoskeleton made it very hard for wind
to bend the building

in the Sears Tower nine such tubes

in the Sears Tower nine such tubes

in the Sears Tower nine such tubes
locked together to make the building

locked together to make the building

locked together to make the building
rock-solid

the exoskeleton was the best way of

the exoskeleton was the best way of

the exoskeleton was the best way of
resisting wind whoever invented

resisting wind whoever invented

resisting wind whoever invented
even at wind speeds of over 90 km/h the

even at wind speeds of over 90 km/h the

even at wind speeds of over 90 km/h the
top floor of the Sears Tower only moves

top floor of the Sears Tower only moves

top floor of the Sears Tower only moves
15 centimeters the Borge de Bie is

15 centimeters the Borge de Bie is

15 centimeters the Borge de Bie is
expected to be nearly twice as tall as

expected to be nearly twice as tall as

expected to be nearly twice as tall as
the Sears Tower at this extreme height

the Sears Tower at this extreme height

the Sears Tower at this extreme height
fighting the wind with a rigid

fighting the wind with a rigid

fighting the wind with a rigid
exoskeleton is not good enough to stop

exoskeleton is not good enough to stop

exoskeleton is not good enough to stop
the high-caliber residents from getting

the high-caliber residents from getting

the high-caliber residents from getting
seasick

seasick

seasick
the architects turned to highly advanced

the architects turned to highly advanced

the architects turned to highly advanced
aerodynamics the most important thing in

aerodynamics the most important thing in

aerodynamics the most important thing in
a tall building is the way it interacts

a tall building is the way it interacts

a tall building is the way it interacts
with the wind and so what we did is we

with the wind and so what we did is we

with the wind and so what we did is we
essentially as we designed this building

essentially as we designed this building

essentially as we designed this building
we kept testing in the wind tone and we

we kept testing in the wind tone and we

we kept testing in the wind tone and we
use the wind tunnel as part of our

use the wind tunnel as part of our

use the wind tunnel as part of our
design process at high speeds wind can

design process at high speeds wind can

design process at high speeds wind can
be extremely dangerous for a skyscraper

be extremely dangerous for a skyscraper

be extremely dangerous for a skyscraper
air rushes around the building and forms

air rushes around the building and forms

air rushes around the building and forms
mini tornadoes called vortices these

mini tornadoes called vortices these

mini tornadoes called vortices these
areas of low pressure suck the building

areas of low pressure suck the building

areas of low pressure suck the building
sideways and the toll of the building

sideways and the toll of the building

sideways and the toll of the building
the more dangerous the vortices become

the more dangerous the vortices become

the more dangerous the vortices become
then these large forces are actually

then these large forces are actually

then these large forces are actually
perpendicular to the direction of the

perpendicular to the direction of the

perpendicular to the direction of the
wind

wind

wind
but tall building we're ever to fall

but tall building we're ever to fall

but tall building we're ever to fall
down the wind it's most likely and fall

down the wind it's most likely and fall

down the wind it's most likely and fall
down sideways flew in not in the

down sideways flew in not in the

down sideways flew in not in the
direction of in

so on the borscht goodbye rather than

so on the borscht goodbye rather than

so on the borscht goodbye rather than
fight the wind bill and the design team

fight the wind bill and the design team

fight the wind bill and the design team
decided to deceive it they don't like

decided to deceive it they don't like

decided to deceive it they don't like
the tower flat and rectangular but give

the tower flat and rectangular but give

the tower flat and rectangular but give
the borscht to buy a more unpredictable

the borscht to buy a more unpredictable

the borscht to buy a more unpredictable
shape each section of the tower is

shape each section of the tower is

shape each section of the tower is
designed to deflect the wind in a

designed to deflect the wind in a

designed to deflect the wind in a
different way this disrupts the power of

different way this disrupts the power of

different way this disrupts the power of
the vortices and breaks to hold of the

the vortices and breaks to hold of the

the vortices and breaks to hold of the
wind on the building where we designed

wind on the building where we designed

wind on the building where we designed
the building where she designing the

the building where she designing the

the building where she designing the
wind and the way the wind behaves around

wind and the way the wind behaves around

wind and the way the wind behaves around
the building and it makes a tremendous

the building and it makes a tremendous

the building and it makes a tremendous
difference we would never been able to

difference we would never been able to

difference we would never been able to
go this tall if we had not done that

go this tall if we had not done that

go this tall if we had not done that
[Music]

[Music]

[Music]
with mobility gravity heat and wind

with mobility gravity heat and wind

with mobility gravity heat and wind
conquered the skyscraper faced its next

conquered the skyscraper faced its next

conquered the skyscraper faced its next
big challenge in Asia where booming

big challenge in Asia where booming

big challenge in Asia where booming
economies wanted to show off their

economies wanted to show off their

economies wanted to show off their
wealth super tall skyscrapers became the

wealth super tall skyscrapers became the

wealth super tall skyscrapers became the
objects of desire but Asia is rife and

objects of desire but Asia is rife and

objects of desire but Asia is rife and
the Nemesis of tall buildings

the Nemesis of tall buildings

the Nemesis of tall buildings
earthquakes to make the 509 meter Taipei

earthquakes to make the 509 meter Taipei

earthquakes to make the 509 meter Taipei
101 possible skyscrapers had to take

101 possible skyscrapers had to take

101 possible skyscrapers had to take
another leap forwards

another leap forwards

another leap forwards
in 1999 the architects of the world's

in 1999 the architects of the world's

in 1999 the architects of the world's
tallest skyscraper the Taipei 101 in

tallest skyscraper the Taipei 101 in

tallest skyscraper the Taipei 101 in
Taiwan faced a problem

Taiwan faced a problem

Taiwan faced a problem
Taipei sits near the Pacific Ring of

Taipei sits near the Pacific Ring of

Taipei sits near the Pacific Ring of
Fire the most seismically active area on

Fire the most seismically active area on

Fire the most seismically active area on
earth an earthquake hits the city

earth an earthquake hits the city

earth an earthquake hits the city
roughly twice a year it was not a

roughly twice a year it was not a

roughly twice a year it was not a
question of if but when the earth would

question of if but when the earth would

question of if but when the earth would
shake the taipei 101

earthquakes are actually really strong

earthquakes are actually really strong

earthquakes are actually really strong
compared to wind for example wind

compared to wind for example wind

compared to wind for example wind
loading very rarely will break a large

loading very rarely will break a large

loading very rarely will break a large
building but for an earthquake it's

building but for an earthquake it's

building but for an earthquake it's
actually quite easy to do with that

actually quite easy to do with that

actually quite easy to do with that
Adam crew will test a model building on

Adam crew will test a model building on

Adam crew will test a model building on
an earthquake simulator to make it

an earthquake simulator to make it

an earthquake simulator to make it
realistic this model is built with

realistic this model is built with

realistic this model is built with
spaghetti spaghetti and still actually

spaghetti spaghetti and still actually

spaghetti spaghetti and still actually
quite similar in the way they behave you

quite similar in the way they behave you

quite similar in the way they behave you
can actually see that it it buckles

can actually see that it it buckles

can actually see that it it buckles
quite nicely it's a relatively low load

quite nicely it's a relatively low load

quite nicely it's a relatively low load
and steel beams behave in very very

and steel beams behave in very very

and steel beams behave in very very
similar way so it models still really

similar way so it models still really

similar way so it models still really
quite well with the top floor glued in

quite well with the top floor glued in

quite well with the top floor glued in
place the model is ready to face the

place the model is ready to face the

place the model is ready to face the
tremors here comes the slowest the first

tremors here comes the slowest the first

tremors here comes the slowest the first
earthquake you can see the building

earthquake you can see the building

earthquake you can see the building
really isn't moving very much at all

really isn't moving very much at all

really isn't moving very much at all
looks pretty solid so not really being

looks pretty solid so not really being

looks pretty solid so not really being
bothered by this earthquake there's a

bothered by this earthquake there's a

bothered by this earthquake there's a
bit of a faster earthquake now again the

bit of a faster earthquake now again the

bit of a faster earthquake now again the
little bit of movements but the building

little bit of movements but the building

little bit of movements but the building
looks really nice and strong even faster

it's gonna go looks like if that had

it's gonna go looks like if that had

it's gonna go looks like if that had
been a real building the four would have

been a real building the four would have

been a real building the four would have
fallen down and all the people who would

fallen down and all the people who would

fallen down and all the people who would
have been killed so although it looks

have been killed so although it looks

have been killed so although it looks
relatively intact this is really a

relatively intact this is really a

relatively intact this is really a
catastrophic failure for a building

catastrophic failure for a building

catastrophic failure for a building
Adam crude tests a second model that has

Adam crude tests a second model that has

Adam crude tests a second model that has
elastic bands adding to the spaghetti so

elastic bands adding to the spaghetti so

elastic bands adding to the spaghetti so
here comes the earthquake that smashed

here comes the earthquake that smashed

here comes the earthquake that smashed
the other building see how well this one

the other building see how well this one

the other building see how well this one
does you can see it's it's moving a lot

does you can see it's it's moving a lot

does you can see it's it's moving a lot
but it's actually performing really well

but it's actually performing really well

but it's actually performing really well
top of the building is actually hardly

top of the building is actually hardly

top of the building is actually hardly
moving at all

moving at all

moving at all
it's literally staying there stationary

it's literally staying there stationary

it's literally staying there stationary
and the ground is moving really quite

and the ground is moving really quite

and the ground is moving really quite
violently underneath it so slightly

violently underneath it so slightly

violently underneath it so slightly
bizarrely

bizarrely

bizarrely
by making the building more flexible

by making the building more flexible

by making the building more flexible
you've made the building stronger to

you've made the building stronger to

you've made the building stronger to
survive in fast and violent quakes the

survive in fast and violent quakes the

survive in fast and violent quakes the
Taipei 101 needed a dash of elasticity

Taipei 101 needed a dash of elasticity

Taipei 101 needed a dash of elasticity
so the design has made their building

so the design has made their building

so the design has made their building
rigid where it had to be but flexible

rigid where it had to be but flexible

rigid where it had to be but flexible
where it could afford to be at the heart

where it could afford to be at the heart

where it could afford to be at the heart
of the Taipei 101

of the Taipei 101

of the Taipei 101
they put 36 rigid steel shoes filled

they put 36 rigid steel shoes filled

they put 36 rigid steel shoes filled
with concrete that gave the building

with concrete that gave the building

with concrete that gave the building
strength while the columns stand firm

strength while the columns stand firm

strength while the columns stand firm
during a quake the rest of the structure

during a quake the rest of the structure

during a quake the rest of the structure
is elastic it can flex and roll with the

is elastic it can flex and roll with the

is elastic it can flex and roll with the
punches

halfway during the construction mother

halfway during the construction mother

halfway during the construction mother
nature tested this design to the limit

nature tested this design to the limit

nature tested this design to the limit
on the 31st of March 2002 an earthquake

on the 31st of March 2002 an earthquake

on the 31st of March 2002 an earthquake
hits the tightly

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the quake shattered smaller buildings

the quake shattered smaller buildings

the quake shattered smaller buildings
but the Taipei 101 was still standing

but the Taipei 101 was still standing

but the Taipei 101 was still standing
the engineers of the Taipei 101 claim

the engineers of the Taipei 101 claim

the engineers of the Taipei 101 claim
that during a quake their building is

that during a quake their building is

that during a quake their building is
the safest place in town

the safest place in town

the safest place in town
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the Borge de Bie can withstand

the Borge de Bie can withstand

the Borge de Bie can withstand
earthquakes of up to six on the Richter

earthquakes of up to six on the Richter

earthquakes of up to six on the Richter
scale because it has a massive

scale because it has a massive

scale because it has a massive
reinforced concrete skeleton but here

reinforced concrete skeleton but here

reinforced concrete skeleton but here
the engineers face a different problem

the engineers face a different problem

the engineers face a different problem
making a super tall building stand up in

making a super tall building stand up in

making a super tall building stand up in
the desert sand requires special

the desert sand requires special

the desert sand requires special
measures

at the Burj Dubai they have rock

at the Burj Dubai they have rock

at the Burj Dubai they have rock
relatively shallow but it's very very

relatively shallow but it's very very

relatively shallow but it's very very
poor rock it's very weak

poor rock it's very weak

poor rock it's very weak
it's very fractured and it on its own at

it's very fractured and it on its own at

it's very fractured and it on its own at
Camp Hillary a lot of weight so they

Camp Hillary a lot of weight so they

Camp Hillary a lot of weight so they
went 50 meters down deep into the rock

went 50 meters down deep into the rock

went 50 meters down deep into the rock
in order to get enough of a rock to

in order to get enough of a rock to

in order to get enough of a rock to
support that structure the rock under

support that structure the rock under

support that structure the rock under
the boys Debye is fragile and saturated

the boys Debye is fragile and saturated

the boys Debye is fragile and saturated
with groundwater

with groundwater

with groundwater
any big hole will cave in immediately to

any big hole will cave in immediately to

any big hole will cave in immediately to
stop this from happening the engineers

stop this from happening the engineers

stop this from happening the engineers
fill the bore holes with a viscous

fill the bore holes with a viscous

fill the bore holes with a viscous
polymer slurry which pushes the

polymer slurry which pushes the

polymer slurry which pushes the
groundwater and rock fragments to the

groundwater and rock fragments to the

groundwater and rock fragments to the
edge of the borehole and keeps it open

edge of the borehole and keeps it open

edge of the borehole and keeps it open
the polymer is kind of a space-age

the polymer is kind of a space-age

the polymer is kind of a space-age
material and what it does is it makes

material and what it does is it makes

material and what it does is it makes
very long molecules or chain so that

very long molecules or chain so that

very long molecules or chain so that
kind of makes very long tendrils that

kind of makes very long tendrils that

kind of makes very long tendrils that
come out that viscosity helps to keep

come out that viscosity helps to keep

come out that viscosity helps to keep
the excavation from caving in the secret

the excavation from caving in the secret

the excavation from caving in the secret
name for the contractors on site is

name for the contractors on site is

name for the contractors on site is
basically to call it the syrupy polymer

basically to call it the syrupy polymer

basically to call it the syrupy polymer
is denser than water

is denser than water

is denser than water
but lighter than concrete the concrete

but lighter than concrete the concrete

but lighter than concrete the concrete
displaces the slurry and eventually

displaces the slurry and eventually

displaces the slurry and eventually
hardens to form a foundation pile

hardens to form a foundation pile

hardens to form a foundation pile
200 of these piles work together to stop

200 of these piles work together to stop

200 of these piles work together to stop
half a million tons of real estate from

half a million tons of real estate from

half a million tons of real estate from
sinking into the ground the building so

sinking into the ground the building so

sinking into the ground the building so
far has gone down around 30 millimeters

far has gone down around 30 millimeters

far has gone down around 30 millimeters
was just slightly more than an inch

was just slightly more than an inch

was just slightly more than an inch
there's about the thickness of my thumb

there's about the thickness of my thumb

there's about the thickness of my thumb
which it which is a very small number

which it which is a very small number

which it which is a very small number
for a building of this size in just over

for a building of this size in just over

for a building of this size in just over
a hundred and thirty years the

a hundred and thirty years the

a hundred and thirty years the
skyscraper conquered all the forces of

skyscraper conquered all the forces of

skyscraper conquered all the forces of
nature using the power of human

nature using the power of human

nature using the power of human
ingenuity but as buildings soared higher

ingenuity but as buildings soared higher

ingenuity but as buildings soared higher
and higher into the sky they became

and higher into the sky they became

and higher into the sky they became
known

now the fear of terrorism threatened

now the fear of terrorism threatened

now the fear of terrorism threatened
their existence

their existence

their existence
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day a final technological leap forward

day a final technological leap forward

day a final technological leap forward
keeps the occupants of the world's

keeps the occupants of the world's

keeps the occupants of the world's
biggest skyscraper safe

biggest skyscraper safe

biggest skyscraper safe
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a chilling day in September 2001 seemed

a chilling day in September 2001 seemed

a chilling day in September 2001 seemed
to spell the end of the skies

to spell the end of the skies

to spell the end of the skies
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after the attacks of 9/11 many believed

after the attacks of 9/11 many believed

after the attacks of 9/11 many believed
that no super tall building would ever

that no super tall building would ever

that no super tall building would ever
be built again

be built again

be built again
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my curly was the fire director of the

my curly was the fire director of the

my curly was the fire director of the
World Trade Center on 9/11 I don't think

World Trade Center on 9/11 I don't think

World Trade Center on 9/11 I don't think
anyone can say that they could foresee

anyone can say that they could foresee

anyone can say that they could foresee
those events of September 11th where

those events of September 11th where

those events of September 11th where
planes would be used basically as

planes would be used basically as

planes would be used basically as
missiles to fly into the building but

missiles to fly into the building but

missiles to fly into the building but
once that occurred the the it became a

once that occurred the the it became a

once that occurred the the it became a
fire safety issue and then we began our

fire safety issue and then we began our

fire safety issue and then we began our
typical plan to to evacuate the

typical plan to to evacuate the

typical plan to to evacuate the
occupants evacuating a skyscraper is a

occupants evacuating a skyscraper is a

occupants evacuating a skyscraper is a
phenomenal challenge the taller you

phenomenal challenge the taller you

phenomenal challenge the taller you
build the more people have to walk ever

build the more people have to walk ever

build the more people have to walk ever
further to get to safety on 9/11 the

further to get to safety on 9/11 the

further to get to safety on 9/11 the
difficulties became tangible you would

difficulties became tangible you would

difficulties became tangible you would
think that walking down stairs would be

think that walking down stairs would be

think that walking down stairs would be
a lot easier than walking up the stairs

a lot easier than walking up the stairs

a lot easier than walking up the stairs
but it's not it's almost as difficult as

but it's not it's almost as difficult as

but it's not it's almost as difficult as
walking up not everyone walked at the

walking up not everyone walked at the

walking up not everyone walked at the
same speed and you may have some people

same speed and you may have some people

same speed and you may have some people
who walk very quickly people who are

who walk very quickly people who are

who walk very quickly people who are
more physically fit some people were

more physically fit some people were

more physically fit some people were
injured maybe didn't have their shoes

injured maybe didn't have their shoes

injured maybe didn't have their shoes
they lost you know things along the way

they lost you know things along the way

they lost you know things along the way
and and it it sure didn't make it easy

and and it it sure didn't make it easy

and and it it sure didn't make it easy
for anybody

for anybody

for anybody
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the Borge Debye has built-in fire

the Borge Debye has built-in fire

the Borge Debye has built-in fire
protection as its concrete backbone is

protection as its concrete backbone is

protection as its concrete backbone is
naturally fire resistant but it's

naturally fire resistant but it's

naturally fire resistant but it's
expected to be nearly twice as tall as

expected to be nearly twice as tall as

expected to be nearly twice as tall as
the twin towers so how do people get out

the twin towers so how do people get out

the twin towers so how do people get out
in an emergency the answer is they

in an emergency the answer is they

in an emergency the answer is they
dumped the Borge Dubai

dumped the Borge Dubai

dumped the Borge Dubai
contains nine very special rooms refuge

contains nine very special rooms refuge

contains nine very special rooms refuge
rooms built from layers of reinforced

rooms built from layers of reinforced

rooms built from layers of reinforced
concrete and fireproof sheeting the

concrete and fireproof sheeting the

concrete and fireproof sheeting the
walls of these rooms withstand the heat

walls of these rooms withstand the heat

walls of these rooms withstand the heat
of a fire for two hours each room has a

of a fire for two hours each room has a

of a fire for two hours each room has a
special supply of air pumped through

special supply of air pumped through

special supply of air pumped through
fire resistant pipes sealed fireproof

fire resistant pipes sealed fireproof

fire resistant pipes sealed fireproof
doors stop smoke from leaking in in the

doors stop smoke from leaking in in the

doors stop smoke from leaking in in the
refugee residents can seek shelter from

refugee residents can seek shelter from

refugee residents can seek shelter from
a fire until emergency services bring it

a fire until emergency services bring it

a fire until emergency services bring it
under control there is one of these

under control there is one of these

under control there is one of these
rooms about every 30 floors which should

rooms about every 30 floors which should

rooms about every 30 floors which should
allow residents to reach them without

allow residents to reach them without

allow residents to reach them without
too much effort refuge rooms are a

too much effort refuge rooms are a

too much effort refuge rooms are a
radical idea but even the safest place

radical idea but even the safest place

radical idea but even the safest place
in the world is no good if the access

in the world is no good if the access

in the world is no good if the access
route is blocked by smoke

at this fire college firefighters learn

at this fire college firefighters learn

at this fire college firefighters learn
how to rescue people from burning

how to rescue people from burning

how to rescue people from burning
buildings

it's not normally the fire that kills

it's not normally the fire that kills

it's not normally the fire that kills
you

98% of people die in a fire because of

98% of people die in a fire because of

98% of people die in a fire because of
smoke but there is technology that takes

smoke but there is technology that takes

smoke but there is technology that takes
smoke out of the equation the Borge de

smoke out of the equation the Borge de

smoke out of the equation the Borge de
Bie has an early warning system that

Bie has an early warning system that

Bie has an early warning system that
guards it around the clock if fire

guards it around the clock if fire

guards it around the clock if fire
activates a smoke detector a heat sensor

activates a smoke detector a heat sensor

activates a smoke detector a heat sensor
or water sprinkler a network of

or water sprinkler a network of

or water sprinkler a network of
high-powered fans kick in the fans force

high-powered fans kick in the fans force

high-powered fans kick in the fans force
clean cool air through fire resistant

clean cool air through fire resistant

clean cool air through fire resistant
ducts into the building

ducts into the building

ducts into the building
the fresh air pushes the smoke out of

the fresh air pushes the smoke out of

the fresh air pushes the smoke out of
the stairwell and keeps the evacuation

the stairwell and keeps the evacuation

the stairwell and keeps the evacuation
routes clear it's fire safety fit for a

routes clear it's fire safety fit for a

routes clear it's fire safety fit for a
21st century skyscraper when the Borge

21st century skyscraper when the Borge

21st century skyscraper when the Borge
de Bie is complete it will be the

de Bie is complete it will be the

de Bie is complete it will be the
tallest structure that mankind has ever

tallest structure that mankind has ever

tallest structure that mankind has ever
built on the face of the planet

standing on the shoulders of historic

standing on the shoulders of historic

standing on the shoulders of historic
engineering marvels the boys do by

engineering marvels the boys do by

engineering marvels the boys do by
really is the ultimate skyscraper until

really is the ultimate skyscraper until

really is the ultimate skyscraper until
someone builds an even bigger one

someone builds an even bigger one

someone builds an even bigger one
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