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www.titlovi.com
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We've set up a 20-man committee...
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to do away with this vulgar,
animalistic, nigger rock 'n' roll bop.
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The obscenity and vulgarity
of the rock 'n' roll music...
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is obviously a means
by which the white man and his children...
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can be driven to the level with the nigger.
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I think Chuck Berry
is probably up way at the top...
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of being considered
the father of rock 'n' roll...
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only because
he has influenced so many people.
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I mean, the Beatles, everybody.
But he started this whole thing.
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He can go in any way.
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He doesn't have to carry a band,
'cause everybody knows his music.
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If you can't play Chuck Berry,
you can't work in no club.
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If you ever played,
you had to know certain songs.
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If you didn't, they'd say,
"You're not a rock-and-roller."
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There was an integration problemin this town...
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and in this part of America.
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Pretty severe integration problem
back then.
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But there was no integration in music.
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When you walked up to...
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an old '54 or '55 model Wurlitzer jukebox...
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and it said "Blue Suede Shoes,
Carl Perkins, white..."
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'"Blueberry Hill, Fats Domino, black."
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No, there was no difference.
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Kids danced to Little Richard,
Chuck Berry, Elvis, Carl.
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Chuck Berry said to me one time,
"You know, Carl...
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"we might be doing
as much with our music...
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"as our leaders are in Washington
to break down the barriers."
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He was right.
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... pot of integration...
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out of which will come
a conglomerated mulatto...
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We used a to go motorcade
when we did a lot of the tours.
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Like, we would follow each other.
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All of a sudden,these troopers came from nowhere...
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and they stopped us.
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It wasn't about, "Well, what do we do?"
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It wasn't about that. It was like,
"Get in them cars and follow us."
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He took us way back upin the woods somewhere.
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It was like a house...
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sitting way back off the road,up in the woods.
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And they filed us all out in the cars.
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They put the ladies in one room,
and they had these cells in the back.
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They made the guys take off
all their jewelry...
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give up the money, everything...
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and put them in the cells.
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They had their little kangaroo court.We had to pay to get out of there.
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We were lucky to get out of there,
but maybe there were so many of us.
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I remember those times well.They really do happen.
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Rock 'n'roll music is black music.
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If it was white music,I would say it's white music.
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But it's nothing but rhythm and blues.
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That '"r & b'" stands for '"real black. '"
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Same old blues, but what we did...
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we took boogie-woogie that black people
was playing all the time...
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and we put the blues
and the boogie-woogie together.
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Rock 'n' roll.
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See, rock 'n' roll is nothing
but rhythm and blues up-tempo.
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Rhythm and blues up-tempo
is boogie-woogie.
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It's just like...
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Boogie-woogie. That's Lucille.
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My music broke down racial barriers.
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I would play places,
and they would have white spectators.
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The white people would sit upstairs.
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The black people would be downstairs,
'cause that was a black band.
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And the white people
would leap over the balcony...
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come down where we were,
and the audience would start integrating...
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because music has no racial boundary.
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Little Richard is an institution,
and the books is closed on that.
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00:08:03,863 --> 00:08:07,355
All you can do when you say
"Little Richard," is think of rock 'n' roll.
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I was still a different complexion,
you know.
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It was hard for me, 'cause the white girls
were screaming over me...
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and the system didn't like that.
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But I wasn't after the girls.I wasn't after the boys.
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I was there to entertain themand to give them some joy.
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I didn't believe when people attacked it
saying the purpose of rock 'n' roll...
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was to lower the white man
to the level of the Negro.
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But it turned out it was true.
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It did, I think,
raise us to the level of the Negro.
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It raised us into being more emotional,
more honest...
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being in touch with our feelings.
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But we was one of the main doors
that it came through.
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Chuck Berry was a main door himself.
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And we're not saying
that Elvis wasn't a main door.
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I would never say that.
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Because Elvis started white people
really singing rock 'n' roll.
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00:11:04,610 --> 00:11:08,205
Elvis Presley, I didn't miss a lickwhen I heard him.
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00:11:08,348 --> 00:11:09,747
B.B. King...
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00:11:10,616 --> 00:11:12,015
Rosco Gordon...
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00:11:12,418 --> 00:11:16,980
Joe Hill Lewis, Little Junior Parker,
Bobby "Blue" Bland.
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00:11:17,190 --> 00:11:18,817
Now listen to this.
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00:11:18,891 --> 00:11:22,622
These are people
that nobody would look at...
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00:11:23,029 --> 00:11:27,466
let alone audition,
let alone make records on.
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Then I'm gonna
take you to another generation.
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00:11:29,836 --> 00:11:34,205
'Cause I knew there wasn't a big difference
between me, except skin color.
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And a lot of my "soul brothers,"
you call them now...
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We didn't have that name for them then,
you know.
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Then I go:
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"As hard as it is
to get a black record played...
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00:11:45,618 --> 00:11:49,884
"what can I do for black people
as well as white folks?"
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00:11:50,390 --> 00:11:54,190
I said to myself, "There's got to be
a broadening of the base."
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00:11:54,260 --> 00:11:56,524
What's all this segregation in music?
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00:11:56,596 --> 00:12:01,033
Country music, pop music, race music.
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00:12:01,534 --> 00:12:03,661
Music, man. Music.
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00:12:03,870 --> 00:12:07,465
I had the perception
it was like being in a religious meeting...
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that you really are digging
what that preacher is laying down.
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I had that feeling.
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"This sounds like, to me,
that this is something...
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"that the nation, and the world possibly,
should hear and know about."
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After Presley was on...
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I received 700,000...
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pan letters.
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Not fan mail, pan mail.
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There is no room in this city...
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for the vulgar performances
of Elvis Presley.
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I watched him gyrate his legs
and swivel his hips...
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00:12:41,707 --> 00:12:45,370
and our parent-teachers group feels
he should not be on television.
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00:12:45,445 --> 00:12:48,414
It was all on my shoulders.
They put the burden on my shoulders.
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Like, "Uncle Miltie,
we'll never watch you again.
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00:12:52,585 --> 00:12:55,816
"How dare you put a man,
a young fellow like that...
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'"to gyrate and do those motionswhich are disgusting. '"
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What did I do?
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I called up Colonel Tom Parker...
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about four days after I got the mail.
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I said, "Tom, you have a star
on your hand."
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A couple of weeks ago,
on The Milton Berle Show...
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00:13:14,407 --> 00:13:17,342
our next guest, Elvis Presley,
received a lot of attention...
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which some viewers interpret one way
and some interpreted another.
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We want to do a show the whole family
can enjoy, and we always do.
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Tonight we are presenting Elvis Presley in,
what you might call, his first comeback.
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At this time, it gives me extreme pleasure
to introduce the new Elvis Presley.
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Here he is!
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Steve had to more or less book him
on his shows...
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to keep up with competition.
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And come to find out
he didn't like Elvis very much at all...
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and was very critical.
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I must say you look absolutely wonderful.
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I think if he'd had to go back inand do it again...
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he would have never done it.
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00:14:01,888 --> 00:14:05,380
He absolutely hated it,
thought that it was stupid, which it was...
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00:14:05,458 --> 00:14:08,052
to how they... With the tuxedo...
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00:14:08,127 --> 00:14:12,223
Elvis just wasn't dressed...
It just didn't feel good for him.
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- Thank you, Mr. Allen.
- I'm holding the guitar here.
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It's not too often
that I get to wear the suit and tails.
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A lot of people just don't realize
that this guy had a sense of humor.
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He'd laugh and he'd joke.
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00:14:26,879 --> 00:14:29,871
He'd get you laughing so hard sometimes,
you'd fall on the floor.
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People don't know that.
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They thought he was always serious,but he wasn't.
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I got you a cute little hound dog
right here.
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And away you go.
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I always thought that Elvis heardBig Mama 's record and rearranged it.
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That wasn't so.
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Elvis picked up his version
from a lounge act, I'm told...
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that was playing in Vegas in 1956.
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He copied their version, word for word.
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In fact, they changed the wordsI'd written.
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I had never written:
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"You ain't never caught a rabbit,
and you ain't no friend of mine."
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00:15:20,299 --> 00:15:21,823
That's got nothing to do with...
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The original song of Hound Dog
for Big Mama...
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is the story of a woman...
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kicking a gigolo out of her house.
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The first chorus is,'"You ain't nothing but a hound dog...
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"quit snooping round my door.
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"You can wag your tail,
but I ain't gonna feed you no more.
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"You told me you was high-classed,
but I can see through that...
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"and, daddy,
I know you ain't no real cool cat.
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"You ain't nothing but a hound dog."
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That's the original song.
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Black, white, red, I don't care.
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You've got to be colorblind other than...
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Whatever moves you, moves you.
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In the case of Elvis Presley, believe me,
he was colorblind.
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He didn't care
what the color of the skin was.
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When he heard something he liked,
he remembered that...
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and his version was, believe me,
Elvis Presley.
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This was a huge pivot point in America...
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because it was the emotional revolution...
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of young, white America.
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They had never experienced music.
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This music had been in black communities
for years and years.
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And now it was exposed
by a white performer...
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to the public at large.
They still cut him off at the waist...
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so you couldn't see him shaking his hips.
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Don't Be Cruel.
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The black music from the South...
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and the white music from the South...
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that we were able to create
at Sun Records...
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with Elvis Presley as a catalyst...
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00:17:09,608 --> 00:17:13,544
and those wonderful black artiststhat I had recorded previous of that...
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it changed the world
and the concept of not only music...
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but how we think about our fellow man.
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00:17:27,460 --> 00:17:30,429
My mother was a bit of an Elvis fan.
We saw him on Ed Sullivan.
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I remember sitting
on the living room floor...
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and feeling something come over me,
you know.
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And I said,
"Mama, I want to play the guitar."
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Elvis Presley is like
the big bang of rock 'n' roll.
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It all came from there.
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And what you had in Elvis Presley
is a very interesting moment...
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because, really,
to be pretentious about it for a minute...
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you had two cultures colliding there.
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You had a kind of
white European culture...
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and an African culture coming together.
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The rhythm of black music...
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and the melody and chord progressions
of white music just all came together...
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in that spastic dance of his.
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That was the moment. That's really...
That's it.
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Elvis didn't know how much impact
he was having on people.
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See, Elvis had music.
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But he had a look
that no kid before had ever had.
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He didn't realize. I did, 'cause I played
some of the first shows with him.
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I've seen teenagers
tear their fingernails off...
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and didn't miss themuntil the morning after.
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I saw them crying...
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when they didn't know they were crying.
Somebody'd shake them and say:
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"What are you crying about?"
"I love him, I love him."
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And all he would have to do
is walk out there and say, "You!"
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And just curl a lip. It was magic.
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See, God intended for Elvis Presley...
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to do what he allowed him to do
on the face of this earth.
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That's why he made him so good-looking.
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I used to get close to him.
I tried to find a fault.
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I wanted to go out and tell the world,
"He's got a big mole back here."
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No, he didn't have a mole back there.
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He was right, and he was my friend.
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00:19:34,119 --> 00:19:36,383
Rock 'n' roll is where it is today...
227
00:19:36,455 --> 00:19:39,618
because the front door of this studio
was opened...
228
00:19:39,692 --> 00:19:43,924
and that kid walked in here
and moved an awesome mountain...
229
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that sat in the way for people like me.
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I might have never got anywhere.
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Elvis was the first white boy
to record in this studio.
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Then I was second, Johnny Cash.
233
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Then Jerry Lee hung around
as a piano player here.
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00:20:52,164 --> 00:20:55,861
I paid him $15
for playing on Matchbox one day...
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00:20:55,935 --> 00:20:58,961
when that million-dollar quartet picture
was made.
236
00:20:59,038 --> 00:21:02,804
Can you imagine one little labelin Memphis, Tennessee...
237
00:21:02,875 --> 00:21:07,039
having Elvis Presley, not forgetting
all the other great artists...
238
00:21:07,313 --> 00:21:09,042
and Jerry Lee Lewis on it?
239
00:21:09,114 --> 00:21:13,073
Can you imagine that happening
in Memphis, Tennessee?
240
00:21:13,919 --> 00:21:17,878
And you don't think
we laid some music on the world?
241
00:21:18,457 --> 00:21:22,621
We wasn't even sure
we could even get on a television show...
242
00:21:22,695 --> 00:21:25,960
much less do a song
on The Ed Sullivan Show...
243
00:21:26,031 --> 00:21:27,760
or Steve Allen Show.
244
00:21:27,833 --> 00:21:32,065
We got turned down by Ed Sullivan,
but we got in to see Mr. Steve Allen.
245
00:21:32,137 --> 00:21:34,697
He heard me do
Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On.
246
00:21:34,773 --> 00:21:38,504
I just took my bubblegum out of my mouth
and laid it on the piano.
247
00:21:38,577 --> 00:21:41,102
And my funny book, I laid it down.
I was reading.
248
00:21:41,180 --> 00:21:45,446
I was only 20 years old. And I played
Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On.
249
00:21:46,785 --> 00:21:49,413
He's tapping with his pencil
like he's playing the drums.
250
00:21:49,488 --> 00:21:50,716
I knew I had him.
251
00:21:50,789 --> 00:21:54,748
He said, '"I want you doing that songon my show tonight, son...
252
00:21:54,827 --> 00:21:57,921
'"word for word,just exactly the way you're doing it now. '"
253
00:23:51,276 --> 00:23:55,110
What some people called race music
or black music...
254
00:23:55,180 --> 00:23:57,876
At a time when this country
was very segregated...
255
00:23:57,950 --> 00:23:59,679
there's a white guy singing black music.
256
00:23:59,752 --> 00:24:02,050
It was an affirmation
of the value of that music...
257
00:24:02,121 --> 00:24:05,249
and of your freedom to do what you want.
It was happening.
258
00:25:11,356 --> 00:25:14,257
When the Crickets came along,Buddy Holly and the Crickets...
259
00:25:14,326 --> 00:25:15,987
it was so shocking...
260
00:25:16,061 --> 00:25:20,395
that you couldn't help sitting up
and thinking, "God! What is that?"
261
00:25:20,766 --> 00:25:23,360
So that's where I got excited,
hearing this stuff...
262
00:25:23,435 --> 00:25:25,960
which sounded very raw,
very adventurous...
263
00:25:26,038 --> 00:25:29,007
and very much spontaneousand from the heart...
264
00:25:29,074 --> 00:25:30,632
as opposed to this other stuff...
265
00:25:30,709 --> 00:25:34,145
which, to me as a kid,sounded like old people's music.
266
00:25:48,227 --> 00:25:51,025
We did wind up workingwith Buddy and the Crickets.
267
00:25:51,096 --> 00:25:53,087
I'd heard of them, of course.
268
00:25:53,165 --> 00:25:55,133
We met them. They were from Texas.
269
00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:57,930
Phil and I were from Nashville.
270
00:25:58,737 --> 00:26:02,332
It was so funny, the difference
from the Texas to the Nashville...
271
00:26:02,407 --> 00:26:05,035
But we all loved rock 'n' roll,
we all loved Bo Diddley...
272
00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:07,044
we all loved all this music.
273
00:26:07,112 --> 00:26:09,410
It was camaraderie from the beginning.
274
00:26:09,481 --> 00:26:12,075
They became very close, dear friends.
275
00:26:12,217 --> 00:26:15,846
Buddy was a musical genius.
276
00:26:15,921 --> 00:26:17,149
He had a great gift.
277
00:26:36,875 --> 00:26:38,706
It is our feeling, here in Jersey City...
278
00:26:39,978 --> 00:26:42,446
this rock 'n' roll rhythm
is filled with dynamite...
279
00:26:42,514 --> 00:26:44,675
and we don't want
the dynamite to go off...
280
00:26:44,750 --> 00:26:47,378
in the Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City.
281
00:26:47,986 --> 00:26:50,511
What do you think
of the Mayor of Jersey City?
282
00:26:50,589 --> 00:26:53,888
I think he's a square. He don't know
what's happening, that's all.
283
00:26:53,959 --> 00:26:57,053
- 'Cause rock 'n' roll is cool, you know?
- Yeah, I see.
284
00:26:57,129 --> 00:26:59,029
I think that mayor
must have been nowhere...
285
00:26:59,097 --> 00:27:01,588
because rock 'n' roll is cool, daddy,
and you know it.
286
00:27:01,667 --> 00:27:02,793
Rock 'n' roll is the most...
287
00:27:02,868 --> 00:27:05,803
and if they stop that,
they ain't gonna have no more music.
288
00:27:05,871 --> 00:27:08,237
My department made
a very thorough investigation...
289
00:27:08,307 --> 00:27:10,468
of these so-called programs.
290
00:27:11,109 --> 00:27:13,634
We had telephone conversationsand correspondence...
291
00:27:13,712 --> 00:27:15,976
with various municipalities...
292
00:27:16,214 --> 00:27:18,842
included among thesebeing Hartford, Connecticut...
293
00:27:18,917 --> 00:27:22,819
Orange, New Jersey, Asbury Park,and the city of Hoboken.
294
00:27:23,622 --> 00:27:27,558
We find that these programsare not for the good of the community...
295
00:27:27,626 --> 00:27:29,719
and that's why I order them banned.
296
00:27:33,465 --> 00:27:38,129
Body music was not only a way
for the Afro-American to speak his mind.
297
00:27:38,370 --> 00:27:41,806
But the general public,
and the white man in particular...
298
00:27:41,873 --> 00:27:45,502
was frightened of this,
because of all the old myths...
299
00:27:45,577 --> 00:27:47,636
about black sexuality...
300
00:27:47,713 --> 00:27:51,240
and the fear of the integration
of the races.
301
00:27:51,316 --> 00:27:53,284
At the time in the '50s...
302
00:27:53,819 --> 00:27:57,050
most parents didn't want their children...
303
00:27:57,122 --> 00:28:00,751
and this is mostly a white frame of mind...
304
00:28:00,859 --> 00:28:04,522
influenced by black music.
It was very frightening to them.
305
00:28:04,963 --> 00:28:08,956
When guys like Jerry Lee Lewis
and Elvis Presley got involved in it...
306
00:28:09,034 --> 00:28:10,365
it got even scarier.
307
00:28:10,435 --> 00:28:13,734
Because they figured,
"If only black people were doing it...
308
00:28:13,805 --> 00:28:16,103
"then I can somehow separate it."
309
00:28:16,174 --> 00:28:18,768
But when Elvis showed up on Ed Sullivan...
310
00:28:18,844 --> 00:28:21,278
and kids at home were watching it
over TV dinners...
311
00:28:21,346 --> 00:28:23,871
just after Mickey Mouse Club...
312
00:28:23,949 --> 00:28:27,715
the parents realized
that music was a very powerful tool...
313
00:28:27,786 --> 00:28:31,244
and they also realized
that this would be something...
314
00:28:31,490 --> 00:28:34,926
that most kids
would absorb into their own culture.
315
00:28:34,993 --> 00:28:36,426
It scared the hell out of them.
316
00:28:36,628 --> 00:28:39,324
I tell you, I don't wanna even
be around good niggers.
317
00:28:39,398 --> 00:28:41,127
I'm with them no-good Negroes.
318
00:28:41,199 --> 00:28:43,292
That's what they called Rodriguez:
A good Negro.
319
00:28:43,368 --> 00:28:44,801
I wanna be with the bad niggers...
320
00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:47,134
'cause I know
what's happening with the bad nigger.
321
00:28:47,205 --> 00:28:49,765
That's where I wanna be.
I wanna be with the niggers.
322
00:28:49,841 --> 00:28:53,299
...the FBI and the Army
to force us white people...
323
00:28:53,378 --> 00:28:55,938
here in St. Augustine
and other parts of the nation...
324
00:28:56,014 --> 00:28:57,675
to mix up with niggers.
325
00:28:57,749 --> 00:29:02,243
If he sends troops in here
and puts a bayonet behind each of us...
326
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:06,017
we still will not mix up
with a bunch of black savages.
327
00:29:08,493 --> 00:29:11,087
I pledge allegiance...
328
00:29:11,163 --> 00:29:16,100
to the flag
of the United States of America...
329
00:29:16,201 --> 00:29:18,601
and to the republic...
330
00:29:18,670 --> 00:29:20,638
for which it stands...
331
00:29:20,972 --> 00:29:24,032
one nation, indivisible...
332
00:29:24,609 --> 00:29:28,272
with liberty and justice for all.
333
00:29:28,346 --> 00:29:32,476
They thought rock 'n' roll
was gonna destroy everything.
334
00:29:32,884 --> 00:29:36,183
Rock 'n' roll was hated
for the first five years of its life.
335
00:29:36,254 --> 00:29:40,782
It's so funny. Until the '60s came along,
and the baby boomers...
336
00:29:41,326 --> 00:29:44,193
rock 'n' roll was having a real struggle.
337
00:29:44,262 --> 00:29:47,356
They didn't like it. People didn't like it...
338
00:29:47,699 --> 00:29:51,567
especially the press, especially the media.
They hated it.
339
00:30:31,610 --> 00:30:35,011
When I graduated high school in '55...
340
00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:37,674
we immediately got in the car
the next day...
341
00:30:37,749 --> 00:30:40,809
came to Nashville, and got a place to live.
342
00:30:40,886 --> 00:30:42,513
I went out to Wesley Rose's...
343
00:30:42,587 --> 00:30:46,023
and he got us an auditionwith Archie Bleyer of Cadence.
344
00:30:46,124 --> 00:30:49,423
Archie came down to Nashville
to do the sessions.
345
00:30:49,494 --> 00:30:52,725
Him and Boudleaux
sang a little bit of this song to us.
346
00:30:52,797 --> 00:30:54,697
Phil and I, this was our chance.
347
00:30:54,766 --> 00:30:58,327
We were looking to make this record,
so we weren't gonna say no.
348
00:30:58,403 --> 00:30:59,802
We liked the song, anyway.
349
00:31:09,848 --> 00:31:13,750
The Everly Brothers came out ofa nightclub they'd been at until 2:30 a.m.
350
00:31:13,818 --> 00:31:17,276
Instead of shining us on
and just signing an autograph...
351
00:31:17,355 --> 00:31:19,186
and then going into the hotel...
352
00:31:19,257 --> 00:31:22,226
they took time, at 2:30 in the morning
in a rainstorm...
353
00:31:22,294 --> 00:31:25,491
to talk to Allen and I
and listen to what we were doing.
354
00:31:25,564 --> 00:31:27,361
"Yeah, we do some of your songs.
355
00:31:27,432 --> 00:31:31,163
"Yeah, we're little musicians.
We sing, and play, and stuff."
356
00:31:31,236 --> 00:31:33,227
They were very kind to us.
357
00:31:33,305 --> 00:31:36,468
And it affected me so much,
I began to realize...
358
00:31:36,775 --> 00:31:38,766
exactly how important...
359
00:31:38,910 --> 00:31:42,505
contact with your idol is.
360
00:31:51,856 --> 00:31:55,348
Fats, this rock 'n' roll music
seems to be under an awful heavy attack...
361
00:31:55,427 --> 00:31:56,689
from all over the country.
362
00:31:56,761 --> 00:32:00,219
There's been riots. It's been banned
in parts of this country and abroad.
363
00:32:00,298 --> 00:32:01,993
You know of any reason for that?
364
00:32:02,067 --> 00:32:04,558
As far as I know,
music makes people happy.
365
00:32:04,636 --> 00:32:07,730
- I know it makes me happy.
- You wouldn't blame it on rock 'n' roll?
366
00:32:07,806 --> 00:32:08,500
No, indeed.
367
00:32:09,074 --> 00:32:12,441
Phil and I met Roy Orbison up in Indiana
at a show.
368
00:32:12,911 --> 00:32:15,471
And after the show,
downstairs in the basement...
369
00:32:15,547 --> 00:32:17,742
we said, "Roy, you got a song for us?"
370
00:32:17,816 --> 00:32:20,580
He brought in Only the Lonely,
and I remember him singing...
371
00:32:20,652 --> 00:32:23,450
doing the demo to me
with the doo-wahs in the background.
372
00:32:23,521 --> 00:32:25,751
I said, "Roy, you should cut that yourself."
373
00:32:25,824 --> 00:32:27,758
That's what got him off the ground.
374
00:33:14,706 --> 00:33:17,766
Roy's music was thathe was the ultimate outsider.
375
00:33:17,842 --> 00:33:21,505
He had a tremendous physical frailty,
ethereal, otherworldly.
376
00:33:21,613 --> 00:33:25,276
His face, the way he stood at the mike
and didn't move...
377
00:33:25,350 --> 00:33:27,045
and his eyes hidden.
378
00:33:27,319 --> 00:33:29,651
He had tremendously dark music.
379
00:33:29,721 --> 00:33:33,817
I used to turn my lights out,sit in my room, and put his records on.
380
00:33:33,892 --> 00:33:37,259
It was so purely aboutjust the way his voice sounded...
381
00:33:37,329 --> 00:33:39,923
that pure spirit voice
that came out of him.
382
00:33:48,006 --> 00:33:52,067
I took a shot at it on some of my records,
and I didn't get there.
383
00:34:32,083 --> 00:34:34,074
In the mid '50s, when I moved to Boston...
384
00:34:34,152 --> 00:34:36,120
I had seen that...
385
00:34:36,187 --> 00:34:40,214
hip, young white kids in the big cities...
386
00:34:40,291 --> 00:34:44,227
were into some black music,
r & b music, at the time.
387
00:34:44,429 --> 00:34:46,294
And so I started playing this music.
388
00:34:46,364 --> 00:34:49,765
There was an anti-rock-and-roll feeling
in the city...
389
00:34:49,834 --> 00:34:51,734
if such a thing could happen.
390
00:34:51,836 --> 00:34:55,602
But, truly, the police, the church,
the city governments...
391
00:34:56,207 --> 00:34:59,540
had a great reluctance
to allow rock 'n' roll...
392
00:34:59,611 --> 00:35:02,409
to appear in dances and on the radio.
393
00:35:02,480 --> 00:35:05,005
Because what Presley
and Little Richard did...
394
00:35:05,083 --> 00:35:08,416
For the first time ever,
there was a division in music...
395
00:35:08,486 --> 00:35:11,944
that what the parent listened to,the kid didn't necessarily listen to.
396
00:35:12,023 --> 00:35:14,583
And we were selling recordslike we could not believe.
397
00:35:14,659 --> 00:35:19,494
Kids liked a certain kind of music and,
for the most part, their parents didn't.
398
00:35:19,898 --> 00:35:21,923
They had their own clothes.
399
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:24,867
They liked their style,
and their parents didn't.
400
00:35:24,936 --> 00:35:26,233
Nothing ever changes.
401
00:35:26,304 --> 00:35:29,762
The same thing goes on today as did
yesterday. They had their own thing.
402
00:35:29,841 --> 00:35:33,572
Here is one song that will be in the top 10.
403
00:35:33,645 --> 00:35:36,876
Where, I can't tell you.It's Danny and the Juniors, At the Hop.
404
00:35:43,755 --> 00:35:46,622
We directed the whole thing toward kids...
405
00:35:46,691 --> 00:35:49,854
but 51% of the audience was over 18.
406
00:35:50,028 --> 00:35:53,429
Older people loved to watch younger kids,so we got them both.
407
00:36:48,286 --> 00:36:51,687
Many teenagers are as concerned
as their parents...
408
00:36:51,756 --> 00:36:54,589
with the public's conception
of today's youth.
409
00:36:54,659 --> 00:36:56,354
These students are portraying...
410
00:36:56,427 --> 00:37:01,387
what we consider bad tastein school attire and behavior.
411
00:37:01,466 --> 00:37:05,732
This student is wearingan ankle bracelet, dungarees...
412
00:37:05,803 --> 00:37:07,600
and dropped earrings.
413
00:37:08,573 --> 00:37:12,566
This student is wearingan extremely tight skirt...
414
00:37:12,644 --> 00:37:14,339
and tight sweater.
415
00:37:14,812 --> 00:37:18,543
Open shirts, black jackets, dungarees...
416
00:37:18,616 --> 00:37:22,882
are mentioned in the codeas not proper school attire.
417
00:37:22,954 --> 00:37:26,117
This group is our ideal...
418
00:37:26,357 --> 00:37:30,555
of the proper school attireand social behavior...
419
00:37:30,728 --> 00:37:33,891
of the Hicksville Junior High student.
420
00:37:34,198 --> 00:37:37,497
Also, during that time,
because disc jockeys became so popular...
421
00:37:37,569 --> 00:37:38,900
along came payola.
422
00:37:38,970 --> 00:37:42,929
And payola was an integral partof record promotion...
423
00:37:43,007 --> 00:37:44,133
during those years.
424
00:37:44,208 --> 00:37:46,699
Each and every disc jockey
in this country receives...
425
00:37:46,778 --> 00:37:49,110
anywhere from 150 to 200 records a week.
426
00:37:49,180 --> 00:37:52,081
It's physically impossible
to listen to each and every record.
427
00:37:52,150 --> 00:37:55,950
Record manufacturers, naturally,
are sensitive to whether or not...
428
00:37:56,020 --> 00:37:59,717
the jockeys in the important markets
are at least listening to their records.
429
00:37:59,791 --> 00:38:02,692
This is what the remuneration was for.
430
00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:06,355
I know many people are going to say,
"Well, what's wrong with it?"
431
00:38:06,431 --> 00:38:10,527
We're investigating it because
it has occurred over the airwaves.
432
00:38:10,768 --> 00:38:13,828
And these are the property
of the American people.
433
00:38:13,905 --> 00:38:15,031
It's common knowledge...
434
00:38:15,106 --> 00:38:17,472
that some politicians
have this money contributed.
435
00:38:17,542 --> 00:38:20,739
And this is, in my mind,
no more of a payola...
436
00:38:20,812 --> 00:38:24,213
than a disc jockey receiving a gift
because he's been nice to somebody.
437
00:38:24,282 --> 00:38:26,443
We never knew what was on the books.
438
00:38:26,517 --> 00:38:29,247
It was very uncommon for us...
439
00:38:29,320 --> 00:38:31,379
to walk in and say,
"Show me your books."
440
00:38:31,456 --> 00:38:33,424
We were afraid to, maybe.
441
00:38:34,125 --> 00:38:37,583
Because, in that era,
it was thumbs-down if you mess up.
442
00:38:37,996 --> 00:38:39,361
So you wouldn't record anymore.
443
00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:41,125
We were teenagers.
444
00:38:41,666 --> 00:38:45,363
We didn't have any sense of responsibility
or business sense.
445
00:38:45,436 --> 00:38:48,928
All we wanted to do
was get out there on that stage...
446
00:38:49,273 --> 00:38:52,003
get in front of that mike,
start singing our song...
447
00:38:52,076 --> 00:38:54,408
and try to get us a girl for the night.
448
00:38:54,479 --> 00:38:57,209
That was it, man!
449
00:38:57,281 --> 00:39:00,614
Business? What kind of business?
We don't know anything about business.
450
00:39:00,685 --> 00:39:02,585
Most of us didn't even finish
high school.
451
00:39:02,654 --> 00:39:05,452
So the hell with what people say.
I want my money.
452
00:39:05,523 --> 00:39:07,491
And I want it as fast as I can get it.
453
00:39:07,558 --> 00:39:09,753
It's a shame if I get it now.
454
00:39:09,827 --> 00:39:12,819
I'm 65 years old.
I can't have the fun that I wanted.
455
00:39:12,897 --> 00:39:16,526
But I still want what is due me...
456
00:39:16,634 --> 00:39:18,693
and the pioneers of yesteryear.
457
00:39:18,836 --> 00:39:21,634
We didn't know anything about publishing.
458
00:39:21,706 --> 00:39:25,164
Copyrights and all that.
They kept that hidden from us.
459
00:39:25,677 --> 00:39:27,941
But I don't feel bad about it...
460
00:39:28,112 --> 00:39:30,080
because what goes around comes around.
461
00:39:30,148 --> 00:39:32,844
We came to a mutual dissolvement
of the contract...
462
00:39:32,917 --> 00:39:35,010
WNEW and myself.
463
00:39:35,253 --> 00:39:37,517
What about the payola charges?
464
00:39:37,955 --> 00:39:40,753
- What payola charges?
- That are rife in the industry now.
465
00:39:40,825 --> 00:39:42,850
- Have you ever taken payola?
- No, I have not.
466
00:39:42,927 --> 00:39:45,760
- It was about your personal integrity?
- Correct.
467
00:39:45,830 --> 00:39:48,731
When you're on in New York at night,
in the winter...
468
00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:51,291
there's mystery, there's romance...
469
00:39:51,369 --> 00:39:54,236
there's something,
there's danger in the air.
470
00:39:54,305 --> 00:39:56,205
And that's what Alan Freed projected.
471
00:39:56,274 --> 00:40:00,608
The combination of this revulsionagainst the rock 'n'roll shows...
472
00:40:00,678 --> 00:40:03,772
and the payola thinggot him busted out of New York.
473
00:40:03,848 --> 00:40:08,376
He just was totally disheartened,dispirited, and died shortly thereafter.
474
00:40:08,619 --> 00:40:10,917
I'd love to answer
all your questions, fellows.
475
00:40:10,988 --> 00:40:15,084
I'd like to be nice, but my attorney
doesn't want me to say a thing.
476
00:40:16,861 --> 00:40:18,658
I'm trying my best...
477
00:40:19,464 --> 00:40:22,399
I just can't say. I'm under subpoena here.
478
00:40:22,533 --> 00:40:26,435
Whether it was the payola,
or radio stations afraid of it, it dropped off.
479
00:40:26,504 --> 00:40:29,564
But rock 'n' roll
went into a coma, almost...
480
00:40:29,640 --> 00:40:31,972
with very few exceptions.
481
00:40:32,143 --> 00:40:34,611
But what most people
don't understand is that...
482
00:40:34,679 --> 00:40:38,775
all those hit records that Little Richard,
Jerry Lee Lewis, and Roy Orbison made...
483
00:40:38,850 --> 00:40:41,444
all happened within two or three years.
And it was over.
484
00:40:41,586 --> 00:40:43,383
I didn't know anything about it.
485
00:40:43,454 --> 00:40:47,356
But my God Almighty,
God the wonderful Savior...
486
00:40:47,425 --> 00:40:49,757
the God that died out on Calvary...
487
00:40:49,827 --> 00:40:52,227
the God that spilled his blood for me...
488
00:40:52,296 --> 00:40:54,321
he was willing to save me.
489
00:40:54,398 --> 00:40:57,231
I was very sad
when I heard the news on the radio...
490
00:40:57,301 --> 00:41:00,759
that Little Richard
had given up his singing career...
491
00:41:00,872 --> 00:41:03,670
and thrown all of his diamonds
in the river...
492
00:41:03,741 --> 00:41:05,766
and no one would tell us what river...
493
00:41:05,843 --> 00:41:08,004
and he was going into the ministry.
494
00:41:08,079 --> 00:41:09,546
His power was available.
495
00:41:09,614 --> 00:41:13,607
I said, "Take me to God,
the God that died for Little Richard!"
496
00:41:13,684 --> 00:41:14,981
I went back...
497
00:41:15,052 --> 00:41:17,987
And maybe that change preserved him...
498
00:41:18,055 --> 00:41:19,454
to be as great as he is today.
499
00:41:19,757 --> 00:41:24,023
An entertainer is really
a force to be reckoned with, socially.
500
00:41:26,330 --> 00:41:28,696
So let's put him in the Army...
501
00:41:28,766 --> 00:41:30,358
calm this boy down.
502
00:41:31,536 --> 00:41:34,096
Chuck, in jail.
503
00:41:35,072 --> 00:41:38,838
Chuck went through a lot of things,
like white girls...
504
00:41:39,177 --> 00:41:41,145
taking girls across the border.
505
00:41:41,212 --> 00:41:45,148
In that era, if you were busted
behind things like that...
506
00:41:45,216 --> 00:41:46,877
it was thumbs-down.
507
00:41:47,585 --> 00:41:50,418
A little trouble at the border, you know.
508
00:41:50,688 --> 00:41:53,680
Conveniently, Buddy went down.
509
00:41:53,858 --> 00:41:56,656
I was probably the last one to talk
to Buddy, because I said:
510
00:41:56,727 --> 00:42:00,254
"I got a registered letter at the post office
my mother sent to Fargo.
511
00:42:00,331 --> 00:42:01,662
"Would you pick it up for me?"
512
00:42:01,732 --> 00:42:05,600
He said, "Yeah, I need some identification.
Let me have your driver's license."
513
00:42:05,670 --> 00:42:09,936
I said, "Here, take my wallet."
So he just stuck my wallet in his pocket.
514
00:42:10,775 --> 00:42:13,107
So when the plane was found
the next morning...
515
00:42:13,177 --> 00:42:16,146
they found four bodies
and five identifications.
516
00:42:16,214 --> 00:42:19,775
Stars Ritchie Valens, J.P. '"The Big Bopper'"Richardson, and Buddy Holly...
517
00:42:19,851 --> 00:42:22,752
died today with their pilotin the crash of a chartered plane.
518
00:42:22,820 --> 00:42:26,119
Following an appearance before 1,000 fansat Clear Lake last night...
519
00:42:26,190 --> 00:42:28,954
they chartered a planeat the Mason City Airport...
520
00:42:30,561 --> 00:42:32,290
It's a sad thing...
521
00:42:32,363 --> 00:42:36,299
because I think he would have gone onto be a big influence in music.
522
00:42:37,134 --> 00:42:39,659
Which he was already. But it's a sad thing.
523
00:42:40,504 --> 00:42:44,338
Phil went to Lubbock.
I couldn't bring myself to go.
524
00:42:44,408 --> 00:42:46,706
I think I went and stayed in the room
for a while.
525
00:42:46,777 --> 00:42:48,005
Jerry Lee.
526
00:42:48,079 --> 00:42:50,775
Whoops, she's 14.
527
00:42:50,982 --> 00:42:54,145
The papers reported thatyou were greeted with silence over there...
528
00:42:54,218 --> 00:42:56,516
and with catcalls from the audience.
Is that right?
529
00:42:56,587 --> 00:43:01,183
I can't agree with them there, sir.
The audience was very nice and very good.
530
00:43:01,259 --> 00:43:05,127
- Were you there, Mrs. Lewis?
- I was there, but I wasn't at the shows.
531
00:43:05,196 --> 00:43:06,754
You weren't at the shows?
532
00:43:06,831 --> 00:43:10,028
Did you notice anything like that,
that sort of reception?
533
00:43:10,101 --> 00:43:12,092
No. It was a really good reception,
I thought.
534
00:43:12,169 --> 00:43:13,761
When were you married?
535
00:43:13,838 --> 00:43:15,396
- Pardon?
- When were you married?
536
00:43:15,473 --> 00:43:18,567
Why don't we leave personal questions
out of this?
537
00:43:18,643 --> 00:43:20,543
All right. Good luck.
538
00:43:20,611 --> 00:43:22,238
They're all gone.
539
00:43:22,446 --> 00:43:26,610
That is my theory on that early period.
540
00:43:27,418 --> 00:43:31,752
It just suddenly got too wild,
calmed down...
541
00:43:32,356 --> 00:43:34,221
and taken over by businessmen.
542
00:43:34,825 --> 00:43:39,524
Teen idols were always on the defensivebecause of the image makers...
543
00:43:39,597 --> 00:43:43,124
making these people into somethingthey really weren't...
544
00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:46,135
and were basically thrust upon...
545
00:43:46,203 --> 00:43:49,036
the young girls of the world...
546
00:43:49,106 --> 00:43:52,007
as being an alternate
or substitute boyfriend.
547
00:43:54,312 --> 00:43:57,110
Some people liked that,
some people didn't like it at all.
548
00:43:57,248 --> 00:44:00,911
I was part of that teen idol scene:
549
00:44:02,153 --> 00:44:06,522
Fabian, Frankie Avalon, Rickie Nelson,
Paul Anka, myself.
550
00:44:23,007 --> 00:44:25,942
I had no plans to ever be in show business.
551
00:44:26,610 --> 00:44:28,805
Because of an illness of my father...
552
00:44:28,879 --> 00:44:32,280
I met a guy on my front doorstep.
553
00:44:32,350 --> 00:44:35,183
My father was being taken out
in an ambulance.
554
00:44:35,252 --> 00:44:37,379
This guy had a good friend
that lived next door.
555
00:44:37,455 --> 00:44:39,218
He was in the record business.
556
00:44:39,290 --> 00:44:42,919
Certain guys of a certain look
were making it during that period.
557
00:44:42,994 --> 00:44:45,986
He asked me if I'd be interested.
I told him no.
558
00:44:46,530 --> 00:44:49,499
Frankly, I didn't know
what the hell he was talking about.
559
00:44:49,567 --> 00:44:52,798
But then I found out
that my father couldn't work.
560
00:44:53,270 --> 00:44:55,363
I was the oldest of two...
561
00:44:55,706 --> 00:44:59,142
I was the oldest.
I had two other brothers and my mom.
562
00:44:59,343 --> 00:45:02,710
And I asked him
if I could possibly make some money.
563
00:45:02,880 --> 00:45:05,849
All of a sudden,
I was the head of the household.
564
00:45:05,916 --> 00:45:07,713
He said, "I think so."
565
00:45:08,019 --> 00:45:10,078
And I loved rock 'n' roll.
566
00:45:10,688 --> 00:45:12,986
And that's how it started for me.
567
00:45:13,057 --> 00:45:15,582
Howie Greenfield knocked on my door.
568
00:45:16,327 --> 00:45:18,795
October 11, 1952.
569
00:45:19,263 --> 00:45:22,721
I was 13 and he was 16.
He was a young poet.
570
00:45:23,100 --> 00:45:27,093
He said, "Do you wanna write a song?"
I said, "I don't know how to write a song.
571
00:45:27,171 --> 00:45:28,695
"I'm gonna be a concert pianist."
572
00:45:28,773 --> 00:45:30,764
He convinced me that day...
573
00:45:30,841 --> 00:45:34,004
and we wrote a song a dayfor the next 52 weeks.
574
00:45:34,078 --> 00:45:36,137
It was a Neil Sedaka sound.
575
00:45:36,614 --> 00:45:40,277
Not bubble gum. I think the songs
were a little more sophisticated.
576
00:46:01,405 --> 00:46:05,637
The cornerstone of pop music,
Aldon Music...
577
00:46:05,709 --> 00:46:09,509
which was Al Nevins'
and Don Kirshner's company...
578
00:46:09,880 --> 00:46:13,077
was situated at 1650 Broadway.
579
00:46:13,617 --> 00:46:17,417
And there,
Howie Greenfield and Neil Sedaka...
580
00:46:17,488 --> 00:46:21,288
Carole King and Gerry Goffin,Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil...
581
00:46:21,559 --> 00:46:24,357
People that were writing
all the top 10 songs...
582
00:46:24,428 --> 00:46:28,888
were in that building in those cubicles
at Aldon Music.
583
00:46:29,133 --> 00:46:32,830
This was the most exciting place to be...
584
00:46:33,504 --> 00:46:35,631
because this was where
it was all happening...
585
00:46:35,706 --> 00:46:38,072
in the late '50s and early '60s.
586
00:46:38,142 --> 00:46:40,804
Songwriters, for the most part,
were given an assignment:
587
00:46:40,878 --> 00:46:44,439
"Go into your garret and write a hit,
crank it out.
588
00:46:44,515 --> 00:46:47,382
"Write it for this man, or this woman,
or this group."
589
00:46:47,551 --> 00:46:49,451
It was a manufacturing process...
590
00:46:49,520 --> 00:46:53,889
and some of the best and most reflective
lyrics came out of that period.
591
00:46:53,958 --> 00:46:58,054
I remember the first time I walked into,
supposedly called, the Brill Building.
592
00:46:58,129 --> 00:46:59,596
It was 1650 Broadway.
593
00:46:59,663 --> 00:47:02,826
Al Nevis and Don Kirshner
had just opened the office...
594
00:47:02,900 --> 00:47:05,664
and when we knocked at the door,
they said:
595
00:47:05,736 --> 00:47:08,330
"Sorry, we're in conference.
Come back an hour later."
596
00:47:08,405 --> 00:47:11,568
I think the conference was about
how they were gonna pay their rent.
597
00:47:11,642 --> 00:47:13,803
There were little cubicles.
We all had pianos.
598
00:47:13,878 --> 00:47:16,039
We were all in competition
with each other.
599
00:47:16,113 --> 00:47:20,072
You could actually hear in the next room
some of the sounds coming through.
600
00:47:20,151 --> 00:47:22,312
So all of the songs started to sound alike.
601
00:47:22,386 --> 00:47:25,446
Will You Love Me Tomorrow
sounded a little like Locomotion...
602
00:47:25,523 --> 00:47:28,458
sounded a little like
Happy Birthday, Sweet Sixteen.
603
00:47:28,526 --> 00:47:31,654
At the end of the day,
we would all go in to Al's piano.
604
00:47:31,729 --> 00:47:33,026
He had a red piano.
605
00:47:33,097 --> 00:47:36,225
And we would play the songs
that we finished that day.
606
00:47:36,300 --> 00:47:38,291
We were in competition with each other.
607
00:47:38,369 --> 00:47:41,896
Whoever had the best song
would get a Righteous Brothers record.
608
00:49:04,455 --> 00:49:07,185
We went to the Brill Building,
and it was like...
609
00:49:07,258 --> 00:49:10,750
This was, again,
a couple of guys from Orange County.
610
00:49:10,828 --> 00:49:15,595
I mean, we're dumb, stupid, young,
and we wanna have a beer once in a while.
611
00:49:15,933 --> 00:49:19,061
But that was an interesting deal,
to go into that building...
612
00:49:19,136 --> 00:49:22,572
and these cubbyholes...
I mean, all those little cubbyholes...
613
00:49:22,640 --> 00:49:23,698
Factory.
614
00:49:23,774 --> 00:49:26,299
Neil Sedaka, Carole King,
Barry, and Cynthia.
615
00:49:26,377 --> 00:49:30,837
And we shook hands with a few of them,
met them a few times.
616
00:49:32,416 --> 00:49:35,510
It was like, "How are they doing this?"
617
00:49:35,586 --> 00:49:38,384
'Cause they'd just write hit after hit.
618
00:50:16,827 --> 00:50:19,159
We loved Loving Feeling.
619
00:50:19,229 --> 00:50:22,062
But you have to understand,
before it was released...
620
00:50:22,132 --> 00:50:26,228
we didn't think
there was a chance in hell...
621
00:50:26,303 --> 00:50:28,032
that that was gonna be a hit record.
622
00:50:28,105 --> 00:50:30,573
- It was way too long.
- Too slow.
623
00:50:30,641 --> 00:50:32,609
It was a four-minute record.
624
00:50:32,676 --> 00:50:35,668
Even the producer, Jack Good,
wouldn't allow us to do it.
625
00:50:36,914 --> 00:50:40,372
- He thought it was too slow...
- He didn't think it was a hit, either.
626
00:50:40,451 --> 00:50:44,649
He finally let us do it, and it went
and reached number four in the nation.
627
00:50:44,722 --> 00:50:46,883
Remember that?
He finally let us perform it.
628
00:50:46,957 --> 00:50:50,085
He said, "Guys, I think it's gonna
be a hit for you."
629
00:50:56,767 --> 00:50:59,201
Today, to find a hit song...
630
00:50:59,269 --> 00:51:04,206
or a song that sounds like it's a hit
that you want to go record...
631
00:51:04,274 --> 00:51:07,038
is really very tough to do.
632
00:51:07,344 --> 00:51:10,643
And I guess Spector...
633
00:51:10,948 --> 00:51:13,644
turned us on to the Brill Building.
634
00:51:13,717 --> 00:51:17,312
He's talent number one,
best of any producer I've ever met.
635
00:51:17,388 --> 00:51:20,186
More imagination. He's a great songwriter.
636
00:51:20,257 --> 00:51:22,817
He's a great arranger, great engineer,
great producer.
637
00:51:22,893 --> 00:51:26,920
He knows exactly what he wants,
and he doesn't stop until he gets it.
638
00:51:26,997 --> 00:51:28,828
Never compromises. Never.
639
00:51:28,899 --> 00:51:31,231
He totally dominated the artist...
640
00:51:32,569 --> 00:51:34,799
and with a very strong attitude.
641
00:51:34,872 --> 00:51:36,897
It had to be his way, or there was no way.
642
00:51:36,974 --> 00:51:40,671
But like I say,
this is what it may have to take.
643
00:51:41,612 --> 00:51:45,742
I don't know how close genius
and eccentric go together...
644
00:51:45,816 --> 00:51:47,647
and I feel that Phillip is...
645
00:51:47,718 --> 00:51:51,381
Was, and I can't say whether he still is...
646
00:51:51,722 --> 00:51:54,020
because the business
has changed so drastically.
647
00:51:54,091 --> 00:51:56,753
But Phillip was a music genius.
648
00:52:43,574 --> 00:52:44,836
We had to create things.
649
00:52:44,908 --> 00:52:47,934
We had to wear our hair...
Most girls would wear it 3 feet.
650
00:52:48,011 --> 00:52:51,538
We had to wear it 10 feet.
We had to exaggerate everything.
651
00:52:51,615 --> 00:52:54,243
We wore the slits in our dresses
because we danced.
652
00:52:54,318 --> 00:52:57,014
We couldn't dance unless we had the slits.
653
00:52:57,087 --> 00:53:01,023
So we created all that stuff, the eyeliner...
We had to be different.
654
00:53:51,508 --> 00:53:54,375
On the other hand,
there were lots of other things going on.
655
00:53:54,444 --> 00:53:56,776
That's always been the pattern
of American music.
656
00:53:56,847 --> 00:53:58,712
There's a spawning ground...
657
00:53:58,782 --> 00:54:02,047
and it does a lap dissolve
all over the country.
658
00:54:02,119 --> 00:54:05,384
I've seen that go on for 48 years,
and it keeps coming, like waves.
659
00:54:05,455 --> 00:54:09,118
Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller came along.They did all kinds of things.
660
00:54:09,192 --> 00:54:12,127
Lester Sill, myself, and Mike Stoller...
661
00:54:12,462 --> 00:54:15,920
started a little record company in LA...
662
00:54:15,999 --> 00:54:17,489
Very underfinanced.
663
00:54:17,568 --> 00:54:18,728
...called Spark Records.
664
00:54:18,802 --> 00:54:23,637
The guys at Atlantic Records
had heard our stuff.
665
00:54:23,707 --> 00:54:25,800
They got hold of us, and they said:
666
00:54:25,876 --> 00:54:30,438
"Look, you're not selling
any meaningful amount of records."
667
00:54:30,948 --> 00:54:32,939
They convinced us...
668
00:54:34,618 --> 00:54:37,451
to make records for them
that they could sell.
669
00:54:37,521 --> 00:54:40,888
The first big success we had
was Searchin'and Young Blood.
670
00:54:49,533 --> 00:54:51,763
Here were two Jewish kids
that knew my culture...
671
00:54:51,835 --> 00:54:54,201
better than most blacks
knew their culture.
672
00:54:54,271 --> 00:54:57,729
And they amazed me. I would look at themlike, '"Who are you guys?
673
00:54:57,808 --> 00:54:59,935
'"How'd you knowhow to write this kind of stuff?
674
00:55:00,010 --> 00:55:01,841
'"It's true, what you're writing about. '"
675
00:55:01,912 --> 00:55:06,542
But it so happened they knew it,
it was correct, and right on time.
676
00:55:06,617 --> 00:55:09,586
We used to live a semi-black existence.
677
00:55:09,653 --> 00:55:12,486
In fact, we thought of ourselves as black.
678
00:55:13,624 --> 00:55:17,560
We were mistaken,
but that's what we wanted to be.
679
00:55:17,628 --> 00:55:21,029
We aspired to be black...
680
00:55:22,399 --> 00:55:26,199
and to be able to make the music...
681
00:55:27,104 --> 00:55:31,939
that was black and the poetry
that comes from blues music.
682
00:55:32,075 --> 00:55:33,542
We had black girlfriends.
683
00:55:33,610 --> 00:55:37,376
We used to constantly be in...
684
00:55:38,915 --> 00:55:42,214
totally black nightclubs and dance halls...
685
00:55:43,553 --> 00:55:46,181
and we were treated very courteously.
686
00:55:46,823 --> 00:55:50,020
I mean, sometimes people were amused,
you know...
687
00:55:50,093 --> 00:55:54,154
that we might have been
the only white faces in the joint that night.
688
00:55:54,231 --> 00:55:58,600
But no one was ever rude,
or aggressive, or anything.
689
00:56:15,585 --> 00:56:19,248
Doo-wop is the music that was started
because there was no instruments.
690
00:56:19,322 --> 00:56:23,554
So the background singers
had to do all the work.
691
00:56:24,061 --> 00:56:26,859
And that's why the bass singer
would do...
692
00:56:31,601 --> 00:56:33,535
See? I was a bass singer, too.
693
00:56:34,271 --> 00:56:36,239
I used to walk up...
694
00:56:36,473 --> 00:56:40,102
let's say from 119th Street
to 129th Street...
695
00:56:40,177 --> 00:56:42,145
with the group The Four B's.
696
00:56:42,245 --> 00:56:46,272
We would actually have a competition
with whichever group was in that block.
697
00:56:46,349 --> 00:56:49,785
All you had to do is stand there
and start singing...
698
00:56:49,853 --> 00:56:53,050
and gather the crowd,
and the others would come around.
699
00:56:53,123 --> 00:56:55,990
You'd just actually have
a little duel between you...
700
00:56:56,059 --> 00:56:58,823
and the group that's in that neighborhood.
701
00:56:58,895 --> 00:57:03,229
And it was like one of thosefighting things without gloves.
702
00:57:22,786 --> 00:57:26,085
I had a session to do with Jerry Leiber
and Mike Stoller.
703
00:57:28,325 --> 00:57:30,691
It was the Spanish Harlem day.
704
00:57:30,994 --> 00:57:32,791
They asked me, at the end of that session:
705
00:57:32,863 --> 00:57:35,058
"You have any other tunes
that you've written?"
706
00:57:35,132 --> 00:57:38,499
I said, "I have one I showed to
The Drifters. They don't want it."
707
00:57:38,568 --> 00:57:41,332
I showed them a little bit on the piano
how it went.
708
00:57:41,404 --> 00:57:43,167
He said, "It's not bad."
709
00:57:43,240 --> 00:57:46,801
So he called all the musicians back in,
and we did it right then and there.
710
00:58:32,923 --> 00:58:35,323
I wrote Stand By Me for the Drifters...
711
00:58:35,392 --> 00:58:38,987
even though I'd had an argument
with George Treadwell, their manager...
712
00:58:39,062 --> 00:58:41,462
and he had threw me out of the group.
713
00:58:41,898 --> 00:58:45,356
That's okay.
I was still friendly with the guys...
714
00:58:45,435 --> 00:58:48,268
and they set up a meeting downtownfor me to go down...
715
00:58:48,338 --> 00:58:50,636
and for them to sing the songfor George Treadwell.
716
00:58:50,707 --> 00:58:52,834
So we all got togetherand went downtown.
717
00:58:52,909 --> 00:58:57,141
The guys stood up there
and they did Stand By Me really great.
718
00:58:57,214 --> 00:58:58,704
It sounded good.
719
00:58:59,916 --> 00:59:02,783
And after it was all done,
he looked at me and says:
720
00:59:02,853 --> 00:59:05,788
"It's not a bad song, but we don't need it."
721
00:59:06,189 --> 00:59:09,647
So I took it, tucked it under my arm,and I left the office.
722
00:59:21,071 --> 00:59:23,801
If there was anything that people heard
in Stand By Me...
723
00:59:23,874 --> 00:59:27,435
it was a sadness that I was doing it
and not the Drifters.
724
00:59:27,878 --> 00:59:31,974
I had no intentions
of ever singing that song. Not one.
725
00:59:32,949 --> 00:59:36,510
Not from the first time
I put the first word down did I say:
726
00:59:36,586 --> 00:59:38,679
"This is a song I'd love to do."
727
00:59:39,122 --> 00:59:42,114
Never had I ever even thought
of singing Stand By Me.
728
00:59:42,192 --> 00:59:44,820
If it wasn't for the fact
that we had a little time left over...
729
00:59:44,895 --> 00:59:46,192
the song would never have been born.
730
01:00:15,558 --> 01:00:19,995
We fell in love with black music,
which is a product of black culture...
731
01:00:22,065 --> 01:00:24,192
and we started imitating it.
732
01:00:25,835 --> 01:00:28,201
And we made a career out of it.
733
01:00:29,806 --> 01:00:31,000
Then, after us...
734
01:00:31,074 --> 01:00:35,306
a lot of other young people came along
and started imitating it...
735
01:00:36,313 --> 01:00:40,647
imitating the singers,
and making careers out of it.
736
01:00:41,451 --> 01:00:44,284
And before you know it, the whole world...
737
01:00:44,387 --> 01:00:47,948
is playing aspects of this music.
738
01:00:48,191 --> 01:00:52,685
But it does representsome kind of change in our standards.
739
01:00:53,229 --> 01:00:55,857
What has happened to our concepts...
740
01:00:55,932 --> 01:00:58,867
of beauty, decency, and morality?
741
01:00:58,935 --> 01:01:00,960
The funny part about it was
someone asked me:
742
01:01:01,037 --> 01:01:03,597
"What's the most significant
rock 'n' roll record ever?"
743
01:01:03,673 --> 01:01:06,642
I said, "Easy. It's The Twist. '"
He said, '"The Twist?
744
01:01:06,710 --> 01:01:09,440
"What redeeming qualities
did The Twist have?"
745
01:01:09,512 --> 01:01:12,140
I said, "It was the first time
in musical history...
746
01:01:12,215 --> 01:01:16,618
"that all generations could freely admit
that they liked rock 'n' roll music."
747
01:01:16,686 --> 01:01:18,779
November 11, 1950.
748
01:01:19,723 --> 01:01:21,748
I wrote a song called Twist.
749
01:01:21,925 --> 01:01:24,951
I rewrote it three or four times
before it came out.
750
01:01:25,028 --> 01:01:28,589
The first people that had a shot at Twist
was B.J. Records.
751
01:01:28,932 --> 01:01:32,959
When I first took it to them, they stuck it
in the vault. They didn't like it.
752
01:01:33,036 --> 01:01:35,937
I rewrote the lyrics,
changed my groove and everything...
753
01:01:36,006 --> 01:01:39,533
because I knew the lyric "twist"
had to be a hit. Just the lyric.
754
01:01:39,642 --> 01:01:43,305
I saw a pair of black kids in the studio
at American Bandstand...
755
01:01:43,380 --> 01:01:45,848
doing this strange-looking thing.
I said, "What is it?"
756
01:01:45,915 --> 01:01:47,473
They said, "It's the twist."
757
01:01:47,550 --> 01:01:50,314
I said, "Hank Ballard did that
about a year ago."
758
01:01:50,387 --> 01:01:53,948
They said, "But there isn't anything
to dance to it now, so we improvised."
759
01:01:54,024 --> 01:01:56,584
So I said to Bernie Lowe,
who owned Cameo Records:
760
01:01:56,659 --> 01:01:58,490
"There's a wonderful opportunity
out there.
761
01:01:58,561 --> 01:02:01,758
"Kids need a dance record
for a dance called the twist.
762
01:02:01,831 --> 01:02:04,299
"Get me one.
You remember the Ballard song.
763
01:02:04,367 --> 01:02:06,665
"Do it. Turn it sideways. Write a new one."
764
01:02:06,736 --> 01:02:10,433
He sent me back a record
with Chubby Checker on it...
765
01:02:10,974 --> 01:02:12,134
that had two sides.
766
01:02:12,208 --> 01:02:14,904
He liked the other side.
I don't even remember what it was.
767
01:02:14,978 --> 01:02:16,536
I said, "No, I need the twist."
768
01:02:16,613 --> 01:02:19,343
He said, "We couldn't change it enough,
so we did it again."
769
01:02:19,416 --> 01:02:22,749
This is a pretty frightening thing.
It's sweeping all over the country.
770
01:02:22,819 --> 01:02:26,152
Hottest dance sensation in four years.
A thing called the twist.
771
01:02:26,222 --> 01:02:28,486
Ladies and gentlemen,
here's Chubby Checker!
772
01:02:51,514 --> 01:02:53,379
It was doing hips...
773
01:02:53,650 --> 01:02:57,643
and that was nasty in 1959, 1960.
They don't do things like that.
774
01:02:58,088 --> 01:03:02,752
We just got over the jitterbug.
We just got over Elvis Presley gyrating.
775
01:03:02,826 --> 01:03:06,455
We just got over kids going crazy
dancing to Little Richard.
776
01:03:06,529 --> 01:03:08,326
"Tutti frutti au rutti."
777
01:03:08,398 --> 01:03:11,492
I mean, now we got this?
778
01:03:17,240 --> 01:03:20,107
When I first heard about Chubby Checker,
I thought it was me.
779
01:03:20,176 --> 01:03:22,906
I'm back there in Miami taking me a swim.
780
01:03:22,979 --> 01:03:25,971
I heard this Twist record
blasting across white radio.
781
01:03:26,049 --> 01:03:29,018
I thought, "Man, at last
I'm getting some white airplay.
782
01:03:29,085 --> 01:03:31,679
"Yeah, I'm gonna be a superstar."
783
01:03:31,754 --> 01:03:34,314
The disc jockey said, "Chubby Checker."
784
01:03:35,158 --> 01:03:38,184
To regulars at the Peppermint,the twist is not new.
785
01:03:38,261 --> 01:03:40,126
But then society discovered it.
786
01:03:40,196 --> 01:03:44,690
Almost overnight, the Rolls-Royce setbegan to mingle with the motorcycle set.
787
01:03:44,767 --> 01:03:46,530
The visitors to the Peppermint Lounge...
788
01:03:46,603 --> 01:03:49,197
now includesuch notables as Mrs. Jean Smith...
789
01:03:49,272 --> 01:03:51,672
a sister of the Presidentof the United States...
790
01:03:51,741 --> 01:03:54,335
and a United States senator, Jacob Javits.
791
01:03:54,410 --> 01:03:57,675
And sometimes,even high social standing can't get you in.
792
01:03:57,747 --> 01:04:00,841
As many as 1,000 customersare turned away every night.
793
01:04:21,504 --> 01:04:23,472
It really is the in thing to do.
794
01:04:23,540 --> 01:04:26,373
What would be
some of the out things to do?
795
01:04:26,609 --> 01:04:30,705
I guess the only comment I could
make on that is, not to do it would be out.
796
01:04:30,780 --> 01:04:33,681
If you don't do it,
you're just considered out.
797
01:04:33,750 --> 01:04:36,446
I don't know of anyone
that doesn't do it at the moment.
798
01:04:36,519 --> 01:04:39,682
You are knocking yourself out
having a wonderful time...
799
01:04:39,756 --> 01:04:42,054
and you're not thinking of sex.
800
01:04:42,125 --> 01:04:46,061
- What are you thinking of?
- You're thinking of green fields...
801
01:04:46,763 --> 01:04:49,231
blossoms, Venice.
802
01:04:51,201 --> 01:04:54,728
A Persian garden. You're thinking
of anything in the whole world but sex.
803
01:05:00,143 --> 01:05:05,137
Soul, gospel, fusion, jazz, whatever,are all...
804
01:05:05,515 --> 01:05:10,452
They're shards of this large wellspringof black music...
805
01:05:10,520 --> 01:05:12,511
which is a product of black culture.
806
01:05:12,589 --> 01:05:16,923
The whole worldis imitating these sounds.
807
01:05:18,094 --> 01:05:20,153
I find that very interesting.
808
01:05:23,153 --> 01:05:27,153
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