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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:08,079 In a decaying society, Art 2 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:13,758 if it is truthful, must also reflect decay. 3 00:00:13,759 --> 00:00:19,639 And unless it wants to break faith with its social function... 4 00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:24,919 Art must show the world as changeable. 5 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:28,558 And help to change it. 6 00:00:28,559 --> 00:00:31,799 Ernst Fischer. 7 00:00:31,800 --> 00:00:33,838 Deadly riots over the government's plan... 8 00:00:33,839 --> 00:00:36,639 to avoid defaulting on its loans... 9 00:00:36,640 --> 00:00:38,718 is that the unemployment keeps rising... 10 00:00:38,719 --> 00:00:40,839 and it has to keep rising... 11 00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:44,559 just because we have an excess supply of goods which is... 12 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:46,078 this is all borrowed money... 13 00:00:46,079 --> 00:00:50,470 and that debt is owned by banks in other countries... 14 00:00:50,719 --> 00:00:55,279 M-O-N-E-Y, in the form of a convenient personal loan... 15 00:00:55,280 --> 00:00:57,358 filter cigarette that delivers the taste... 16 00:00:57,359 --> 00:01:00,718 45 malt liquor... Are You Hot?!... 17 00:01:00,719 --> 00:01:03,839 is the US planning to bomb Iran?... 18 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:07,229 America is sponsoring terror attacks in Iran... 19 00:01:07,599 --> 00:01:10,318 Now, my grandmother was a wonderful person. 20 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:13,718 She taught me how to play the game Monopoly. 21 00:01:13,719 --> 00:01:17,559 She understood that the name of the game is to acquire. 22 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:19,399 She would accumulate everything she could and 23 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:23,199 eventually, she became the master of the board. 24 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:24,958 And then she would always say the same thing to me. 25 00:01:24,959 --> 00:01:27,039 She would look at me and she would say: 26 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:30,710 "One day, you'll learn to play the game". 27 00:01:30,959 --> 00:01:34,318 One summer I played Monopoly almost every day, all day long... 28 00:01:34,319 --> 00:01:37,399 and that summer, I learned to play the game. 29 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:39,759 I came to understand that the only way to win... 30 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:42,679 is to make a total commitment to acquisition. 31 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:44,958 I came to understand that money and possessions... 32 00:01:44,959 --> 00:01:47,709 that's the way that you keep score. 33 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:49,358 And by the end of that summer 34 00:01:49,359 --> 00:01:51,639 I was more ruthless than my grandmother. 35 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:55,589 I was ready to bend the rules if I had to, to win that game... 36 00:01:55,879 --> 00:01:58,829 and I sat down with her to play that fall. 37 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:01,518 I took everything she had. I watched her 38 00:02:01,519 --> 00:02:04,350 give her last dollar and quit in utter defeat. 39 00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:10,799 And then she had one more thing to teach me. 40 00:02:10,800 --> 00:02:14,438 Then she said: 41 00:02:14,439 --> 00:02:17,069 “Now it all goes back in the box. 42 00:02:20,159 --> 00:02:22,830 All those houses and hotels. 43 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:25,598 All the railroads and utility companies... 44 00:02:25,599 --> 00:02:29,469 All that property and all that wonderful money... 45 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:33,389 Now it all goes back in the box. 46 00:02:34,840 --> 00:02:37,589 None of it was really yours. 47 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:40,990 You got all heated up about it for a while. 48 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:45,070 But it was around a long time before you sat down at the board... 49 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:50,269 and it will be here after you're gone "players come, players go". 50 00:02:52,199 --> 00:02:54,469 Houses and cars... 51 00:02:55,159 --> 00:02:56,990 titles and clothes... 52 00:02:57,159 --> 00:02:59,550 even your body". 53 00:03:00,199 --> 00:03:04,079 Because the fact is that everything I clutch and consume and hoard... 54 00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:07,550 is going to go back in the box and I'm going to lose it all. 55 00:03:07,840 --> 00:03:09,799 So you have to ask yourself... 56 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:11,799 when you finally get the ultimate promotion... 57 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:13,638 when you have made the ultimate purchase... 58 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:15,158 when you buy the ultimate home... 59 00:03:15,159 --> 00:03:17,478 when you have stored up financial security... 60 00:03:17,479 --> 00:03:19,598 and climbed the ladder of success to the... 61 00:03:19,599 --> 00:03:22,749 highest rung you can possibly climb it... 62 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:25,598 and the thrill wears off... 63 00:03:25,599 --> 00:03:28,589 "and it will wear off"... 64 00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:31,670 then what? 65 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:34,510 How far do you have to walk down that road... 66 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:38,270 before you see where it leads? 67 00:03:39,719 --> 00:03:42,158 Surely you understand... 68 00:03:42,159 --> 00:03:44,469 it will never be enough. 69 00:03:45,599 --> 00:03:48,589 So you have to ask yourself the question: 70 00:03:48,919 --> 00:03:52,269 What matters? 71 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:50,310 They're Hot! 72 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:54,349 They're Rich! 73 00:04:56,279 --> 00:04:58,469 And They're Spoiled! 74 00:05:55,759 --> 00:05:57,799 When I was a young man... 75 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:00,270 growing up in New York City... 76 00:06:00,319 --> 00:06:03,349 I refused to pledge allegiance to the flag. 77 00:06:05,079 --> 00:06:07,869 Of course I was sent to the principal's office. 78 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:11,310 And he asked me "Why don't you want to Pledge Allegiance"? 79 00:06:11,439 --> 00:06:13,078 Everybody does!' 80 00:06:13,079 --> 00:06:15,999 I said, "Everybody once believed the earth was flat... 81 00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:18,198 but that doesn't make it so". 82 00:06:18,199 --> 00:06:21,638 I explained that America owed everything it has... 83 00:06:21,639 --> 00:06:23,150 to other cultures... 84 00:06:23,240 --> 00:06:24,559 and other nations... 85 00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:26,838 and that I would rather pledge allegiance... 86 00:06:26,839 --> 00:06:27,958 to the earth... 87 00:06:27,959 --> 00:06:30,509 and everyone on it. 88 00:06:30,839 --> 00:06:32,719 Needless to say, it wasn't long... 89 00:06:32,720 --> 00:06:35,390 before I left school entirely... 90 00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:38,230 and I set up a lab in my bedroom. 91 00:06:38,759 --> 00:06:41,318 There I began to learn about science... 92 00:06:41,319 --> 00:06:42,518 and nature. 93 00:06:42,519 --> 00:06:44,039 I realized then... 94 00:06:44,040 --> 00:06:46,398 that the universe is governed by laws... 95 00:06:46,399 --> 00:06:47,999 and that the human being... 96 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:49,919 along with society itself... 97 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:53,110 was not exempt from these laws. 98 00:06:53,839 --> 00:06:56,829 Then came the crash of 1929. 99 00:06:56,839 --> 00:06:59,069 Which began what we now call... 100 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:00,589 "The Great Depression". 101 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:04,159 I found it difficult to understand why millions... 102 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:07,278 were out of work homeless, starving... 103 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:10,150 while all the factories were sitting there. 104 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:12,789 The resources were unchanged. 105 00:07:12,959 --> 00:07:14,999 It was then that I realized 106 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,039 that the rules of the economic game... 107 00:07:18,040 --> 00:07:20,510 were inherently invalid. 108 00:07:21,160 --> 00:07:23,999 Shortly after came World War II... 109 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:26,679 where various nations took turns... 110 00:07:26,680 --> 00:07:29,599 systematically destroying each other. 111 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:32,758 I later calculated that all the destruction... 112 00:07:32,759 --> 00:07:34,559 and wasted resources... 113 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:36,119 spent on that war... 114 00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:38,438 could have easily provided for every... 115 00:07:38,439 --> 00:07:41,710 human need on the planet. 116 00:07:43,319 --> 00:07:46,479 Since that time I have watched humanity... 117 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:50,039 set the stage for its own extinction. 118 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:53,438 I have watched as the precious finite resources... 119 00:07:53,439 --> 00:07:56,239 are perpetually wasted and destroyed... 120 00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:59,518 in the name of profit and free-markets. 121 00:07:59,519 --> 00:08:03,078 I have watched the social values of society be reduced... 122 00:08:03,079 --> 00:08:06,958 into a base artificiality of materialism... 123 00:08:06,959 --> 00:08:09,719 and mindless consumption. 124 00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:13,198 And I have watched as the monetary powers... 125 00:08:13,199 --> 00:08:15,518 control the political structure... 126 00:08:15,519 --> 00:08:18,390 of supposedly free societies. 127 00:08:19,560 --> 00:08:22,078 I'm 94 years old now. 128 00:08:22,079 --> 00:08:24,359 And I'm afraid my disposition... 129 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:26,198 is the same as it was... 130 00:08:26,199 --> 00:08:29,429 75 years ago. 131 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:34,470 This shit's got to go. 132 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:15,798 So you're a scientist 133 00:09:15,799 --> 00:09:19,079 and somewhere along the way, hammered into your head... 134 00:09:19,080 --> 00:09:22,599 is the inevitable "nature versus nurture"... 135 00:09:22,600 --> 00:09:25,239 and that's at least up there with Coke versus Pepsi... 136 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:27,439 or Greeks versus Trojans. 137 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:30,518 So, nature versus nurture: This, by now... 138 00:09:30,519 --> 00:09:33,878 utterly over-simplifying view of... 139 00:09:33,879 --> 00:09:35,878 where influences are... 140 00:09:35,879 --> 00:09:40,158 influences how a cell deals with... 141 00:09:40,159 --> 00:09:42,199 an energy crisis up to... 142 00:09:42,200 --> 00:09:45,398 what makes us who we are on the most individualistic... 143 00:09:45,399 --> 00:09:47,839 levels of personality. 144 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,959 And what you've got is this complete false dichotomy... 145 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:54,479 built around nature as deterministic... 146 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:57,199 at the very bottom of all the causality. 147 00:09:57,200 --> 00:10:00,359 Life is DNA and the code of codes... 148 00:10:00,360 --> 00:10:03,758 and the Holy Grail, and everything is driven by it... 149 00:10:03,759 --> 00:10:05,518 At the other end is a much more... 150 00:10:05,519 --> 00:10:07,558 social science perspective which is... 151 00:10:07,559 --> 00:10:09,479 We are 'social organisms'... 152 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:12,999 and biology is for slime molds. 153 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,558 Humans are free of biology... 154 00:10:15,559 --> 00:10:18,719 and obviously both views are nonsense. 155 00:10:18,720 --> 00:10:20,638 What you see instead is that... 156 00:10:20,639 --> 00:10:23,479 it is virtually impossible to understand... 157 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:25,158 how biology works... 158 00:10:25,159 --> 00:10:27,229 outside of the context of environment. 159 00:10:30,399 --> 00:10:33,518 One of the most crazy... 160 00:10:33,519 --> 00:10:35,638 yet widespread and... 161 00:10:35,639 --> 00:10:38,119 potentially dangerous notions is: 162 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:42,189 "Oh, that behavior is genetic". 163 00:10:42,200 --> 00:10:43,398 Now what does that mean? 164 00:10:43,399 --> 00:10:46,359 It means all sorts of subtle stuff if you... 165 00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:48,518 know modern biology, but for most people... 166 00:10:48,519 --> 00:10:51,839 out there, what it winds-up meaning is: 167 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,199 A deterministic view of life, 168 00:10:54,200 --> 00:10:57,038 one rooted in biology and genetics, 169 00:10:57,039 --> 00:11:00,119 genes equal things that cannot be changed, 170 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:03,119 genes equal things that are... 171 00:11:03,120 --> 00:11:05,558 inevitable and you might as well not... 172 00:11:05,559 --> 00:11:08,278 waste resources trying to fix, 173 00:11:08,279 --> 00:11:11,079 might as well not put societal energies into trying... 174 00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:14,599 to improve because it's inevitable and it's unchangeable... 175 00:11:14,600 --> 00:11:17,909 and that is sheer nonsense. 176 00:11:23,919 --> 00:11:26,839 It is widely though that conditions like... 177 00:11:26,840 --> 00:11:29,119 ADHD are genetically programmed... 178 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,959 That conditions like schizophrenia are genetically programmed. 179 00:11:31,960 --> 00:11:33,439 The truth is the opposite. 180 00:11:33,440 --> 00:11:34,918 Nothing is genetically programmed. 181 00:11:34,919 --> 00:11:36,999 There are very rare diseases... 182 00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:38,518 a small handful... 183 00:11:38,519 --> 00:11:42,719 extremely sparsely represented in the population... 184 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:45,669 that are truly genetically determined. 185 00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:48,119 Most complex conditions... 186 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:52,038 might have a predisposition that has a genetic component... 187 00:11:52,039 --> 00:11:56,109 but a predisposition is not the same as a predetermination. 188 00:11:56,399 --> 00:12:00,439 The whole search for the source of diseases in the genome... 189 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:03,918 was doomed to failure before anybody even thought of it... 190 00:12:03,919 --> 00:12:07,638 because most diseases are not genetically predetermined. 191 00:12:07,639 --> 00:12:10,599 Heart disease, cancers, strokes... 192 00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:16,599 rheumatoid conditions, autoimmune conditions in general... 193 00:12:16,600 --> 00:12:18,678 mental health conditions, addictions... 194 00:12:18,679 --> 00:12:21,199 none of them are genetically determined. 195 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:25,518 Breast cancer, for example, out of 100 women with breast cancer... 196 00:12:25,519 --> 00:12:28,079 only seven will carry the breast cancer genes. 197 00:12:28,080 --> 00:12:30,079 93 do not... 198 00:12:30,080 --> 00:12:32,798 and out of 100 women who do have the genes... 199 00:12:32,799 --> 00:12:35,789 not all of them will get cancer. 200 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:42,599 Genes are not just things that make us behave... 201 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:46,750 in a particular way regardless of our environment. 202 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:50,959 Genes give us different ways of responding to our environment. 203 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:55,079 And, in fact, it looks as if some of the early... 204 00:12:55,080 --> 00:12:59,079 childhood influences and the kind of child rearing... 205 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:01,678 affect gene expression... 206 00:13:01,679 --> 00:13:04,479 actually turning on or off different genes... 207 00:13:04,480 --> 00:13:08,239 to put you on a different developmental track... 208 00:13:08,240 --> 00:13:12,110 which may suit the kind of world you've got to deal with. 209 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:13,558 So for example. 210 00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:18,038 A study done in Montreal with suicide victims... 211 00:13:18,039 --> 00:13:21,558 looked at autopsies of the brains of these people... 212 00:13:21,559 --> 00:13:24,359 and it turned out that if a suicide victim... 213 00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:26,278 these are usually young adults... 214 00:13:26,279 --> 00:13:29,558 had been abused as a child, the abuse actually... 215 00:13:29,559 --> 00:13:32,798 caused a genetic change in the brain... 216 00:13:32,799 --> 00:13:37,079 that was absent in the brains of people who had not been abused. 217 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:38,839 That's an epigenetic effect. 218 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:41,758 Epigenetic means on top of, so that... 219 00:13:41,759 --> 00:13:45,278 the epigenetic influence is what happens... 220 00:13:45,279 --> 00:13:51,150 environmentally to either activate or deactivate certain genes. 221 00:13:51,440 --> 00:13:53,638 In New Zealand, there was a study... 222 00:13:53,639 --> 00:13:56,359 that was done in a town called Dunedin... 223 00:13:56,360 --> 00:14:00,719 in which a few thousand individuals... 224 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:05,518 were studied from birth into their 20s. 225 00:14:05,519 --> 00:14:11,079 What they found was that they could identify... 226 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:14,558 a genetic mutation, an abnormal gene... 227 00:14:14,559 --> 00:14:17,558 which did have some relation to... 228 00:14:17,559 --> 00:14:21,119 the predisposition to commit violence... 229 00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:24,918 but only if the individual had also... 230 00:14:24,919 --> 00:14:28,798 been subjected to severe child abuse. 231 00:14:28,799 --> 00:14:31,599 In other words, children with this abnormal gene would... 232 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:34,359 be no more likely to be violent than anybody else... 233 00:14:34,360 --> 00:14:37,439 and, in fact, they actually had a lower rate of violence... 234 00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:39,359 than people with normal genes... 235 00:14:39,360 --> 00:14:42,350 as long as they weren't abused as children. 236 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:45,119 Great additional example of the ways... 237 00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:47,199 in which genes are not "be all-end all". 238 00:14:47,200 --> 00:14:49,518 A fancy technique where you can... 239 00:14:49,519 --> 00:14:52,079 take a specific out of a mouse... 240 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:54,798 and that mouse and its descendants will not have that gene. 241 00:14:54,799 --> 00:14:56,479 You have "knocked out" that gene. 242 00:14:56,480 --> 00:14:58,199 So there's this one gene that encodes... 243 00:14:58,200 --> 00:14:59,918 for a protein that has something to do... 244 00:14:59,919 --> 00:15:04,119 with learning and memory and with this fabulous demonstration... 245 00:15:04,120 --> 00:15:05,678 you "knock out" that gene and you... 246 00:15:05,679 --> 00:15:07,518 have a mouse that doesn't learn as well. 247 00:15:07,519 --> 00:15:10,439 "Oh! A genetic basis for intelligence"! 248 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:13,719 What was much less appreciated in that landmark study... 249 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:16,239 that got picked up by the media left and right... 250 00:15:16,240 --> 00:15:19,518 is take those genetically impaired mice... 251 00:15:19,519 --> 00:15:21,599 and raise them in a much more enriched 252 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,758 stimulating environment than your normal mice in a lab cage... 253 00:15:24,759 --> 00:15:27,829 and they completely overcame that deficit. 254 00:15:27,879 --> 00:15:32,199 So, when one says in a contemporary sense that... 255 00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:35,239 "oh, this behavior is genetic"... 256 00:15:35,240 --> 00:15:38,518 to the extent that that's even a valid sort of phrase to use... 257 00:15:38,519 --> 00:15:41,319 what you're saying is: There is a... 258 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:43,638 genetic contribution to how this... 259 00:15:43,639 --> 00:15:45,918 organism responds to environment, 260 00:15:45,919 --> 00:15:48,599 genes may influence the... 261 00:15:48,600 --> 00:15:50,839 readiness with which an organism will... 262 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:53,398 deal with a certain environmental challenge. 263 00:15:53,399 --> 00:15:56,678 You know, that's not the version most people have in their minds... 264 00:15:56,679 --> 00:15:59,638 and not to be too 'soap-boxing'... 265 00:15:59,639 --> 00:16:02,158 but run with the old... 266 00:16:02,159 --> 00:16:04,199 version of "It's genetic"! 267 00:16:04,200 --> 00:16:07,319 And it's not that far from the history of eugenics... 268 00:16:07,320 --> 00:16:09,278 and things of that sort. 269 00:16:09,279 --> 00:16:11,038 It's a widespread misconception... 270 00:16:11,039 --> 00:16:13,829 and it's a potentially fairly dangerous one. 271 00:16:14,360 --> 00:16:17,479 One reason that the... 272 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:20,798 biological explanation for violence... 273 00:16:20,799 --> 00:16:23,119 one reason that hypothesis is... 274 00:16:23,120 --> 00:16:25,678 potentially dangerous, it's not just misleading... 275 00:16:25,679 --> 00:16:27,909 it can really do harm... 276 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,158 is because if you believe that... 277 00:16:31,159 --> 00:16:33,479 you could very easily say: 278 00:16:33,480 --> 00:16:35,158 "Well, there's nothing we can do... 279 00:16:35,159 --> 00:16:37,278 to change the predisposition... 280 00:16:37,279 --> 00:16:39,638 people have to becoming violent, 281 00:16:39,639 --> 00:16:44,319 all we can do is punish them - lock them up 282 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:45,798 or execute them... 283 00:16:45,799 --> 00:16:48,638 but we don't need to worry about changing the... 284 00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:52,839 social environment or the social preconditions... 285 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:56,479 that may lead people to become violent because... 286 00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:57,950 that's irrelevant". 287 00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:02,798 The genetic argument allows us the luxury of ignoring... 288 00:17:02,799 --> 00:17:05,838 past and present historical and social factors... 289 00:17:05,839 --> 00:17:08,038 and in the words of Louis Menand... 290 00:17:08,039 --> 00:17:10,078 who wrote in the New Yorker... 291 00:17:10,079 --> 00:17:11,518 Very astutely, he said: 292 00:17:11,519 --> 00:17:15,518 "It's all in the genes... an explanation for the way things are... 293 00:17:15,519 --> 00:17:18,118 that does not threaten the way things are. 294 00:17:18,119 --> 00:17:20,558 Why should someone feel unhappy 295 00:17:20,559 --> 00:17:23,479 or engage in antisocial behavior 296 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:25,358 when that person is living in the 297 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:28,719 freest and most prosperous nation on Earth? 298 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:30,558 It can't be the system. 299 00:17:30,559 --> 00:17:33,509 There must be a flaw in the wiring somewhere". 300 00:17:33,839 --> 00:17:35,598 Which is a good way of putting it. 301 00:17:35,599 --> 00:17:39,078 So, the genetic argument is simply a cop-out 302 00:17:39,079 --> 00:17:41,318 which allows us to ignore 303 00:17:41,319 --> 00:17:44,838 the social and economic and political factors... 304 00:17:44,839 --> 00:17:47,919 that, in fact, underlie... 305 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:51,189 many troublesome behaviors. 306 00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:57,798 Addictions are usually 307 00:17:57,799 --> 00:17:59,919 considered to be a drug-related issue... 308 00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:01,959 but looking at it more broadly... 309 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:04,078 I define addiction as any behavior... 310 00:18:04,079 --> 00:18:07,199 that is associated with craving... 311 00:18:07,200 --> 00:18:09,078 with temporary relief... 312 00:18:09,079 --> 00:18:11,679 and with long-term negative consequences... 313 00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:14,999 along with an impairment of control over it so that the person... 314 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:18,439 wishes to give it up or promises to do so... 315 00:18:18,440 --> 00:18:20,558 but can't follow through... 316 00:18:20,559 --> 00:18:23,239 and when you understand that, you see that... 317 00:18:23,240 --> 00:18:24,399 there are many more addictions... 318 00:18:24,400 --> 00:18:26,078 than simply those related to drugs. 319 00:18:26,079 --> 00:18:28,639 There's workaholism; addiction to shopping; 320 00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:30,758 To the Internet, to video games... 321 00:18:30,759 --> 00:18:33,399 There's the addiction to power. People that have power but they... 322 00:18:33,400 --> 00:18:36,070 want more and more, nothing is ever enough for them. 323 00:18:36,079 --> 00:18:40,439 Acquisition, corporations that must own more and more. 324 00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:42,038 The addiction to oil... 325 00:18:42,039 --> 00:18:44,679 or at least to the wealth and to the products made... 326 00:18:44,680 --> 00:18:47,199 accessible to us by oil. 327 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:49,949 Look at the negative consequences on the environment. 328 00:18:50,039 --> 00:18:52,598 We are destroying the very earth that we... 329 00:18:52,599 --> 00:18:55,318 inhabit for the sake of that addiction. 330 00:18:55,319 --> 00:18:57,038 Now, these addictions are far more... 331 00:18:57,039 --> 00:18:59,159 devastating in their social consequences... 332 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:04,150 than the cocaine or heroin habit of my downtown Eastside patients. 333 00:19:04,319 --> 00:19:08,199 Yet, they are rewarded and considered to be respectable. 334 00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:11,439 The tobacco company executive that shows a higher profit... 335 00:19:11,440 --> 00:19:14,470 will get a much bigger reward. 336 00:19:14,559 --> 00:19:19,078 He doesn't face any negative consequences legally or otherwise. 337 00:19:19,079 --> 00:19:21,598 In fact he is a respected member of... 338 00:19:21,599 --> 00:19:24,439 the board of several other corporations. 339 00:19:24,440 --> 00:19:27,038 But, tobacco smoke related diseases... 340 00:19:27,039 --> 00:19:31,118 kill 5 and million people around the world every year. 341 00:19:31,119 --> 00:19:35,269 In the United States they kill 400,000 people a year. 342 00:19:35,720 --> 00:19:37,798 And these people are addicted to what? To profit. 343 00:19:37,799 --> 00:19:39,838 To such a degree that they are addicted... 344 00:19:39,839 --> 00:19:41,989 that they are actually in denial... 345 00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:44,479 about the impact of their activities... 346 00:19:44,480 --> 00:19:47,558 which is typical for addicts, this denial. 347 00:19:47,559 --> 00:19:50,078 And that's a respectable one. It's respectable... 348 00:19:50,079 --> 00:19:52,719 to be addicted to profit, no matter what the cost. 349 00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:56,118 So, what is acceptable and what is respectable... 350 00:19:56,119 --> 00:19:59,278 is a highly arbitrary phenomenon in our society... 351 00:19:59,279 --> 00:20:00,758 and it seems like the greater the harm... 352 00:20:00,759 --> 00:20:03,509 the more respectable the addiction. 353 00:20:07,960 --> 00:20:10,758 There is a general myth that drugs, in themselves, are addictive. 354 00:20:10,759 --> 00:20:13,518 In fact, the war on drugs is predicated on the... 355 00:20:13,519 --> 00:20:15,838 idea that if you interdict the source of... 356 00:20:15,839 --> 00:20:18,318 drugs you can deal with addiction that way. 357 00:20:18,319 --> 00:20:21,719 Now, if you understand addiction in the broader sense... 358 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:24,239 we see that nothing in itself is addictive. 359 00:20:24,240 --> 00:20:27,479 No substance, no drug is by itself addictive... 360 00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:29,479 and no behavior is by itself addictive. 361 00:20:29,480 --> 00:20:32,479 Many people can go shopping without becoming shopaholics. 362 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:34,199 Not everyone becomes a food addict. 363 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:37,318 Not everyone who drinks a glass of wine becomes an alcoholic. 364 00:20:37,319 --> 00:20:40,439 So the real issue is what makes people susceptible... 365 00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:44,038 because it's the combination of a susceptible individual... 366 00:20:44,039 --> 00:20:47,399 and the potentially addictive substance or behavior... 367 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:51,758 that makes for the full flowering of addiction. 368 00:20:51,759 --> 00:20:54,518 In short, it's not the drug that's addictive... 369 00:20:54,519 --> 00:20:57,358 it's the question of the susceptibility of the individual... 370 00:20:57,359 --> 00:21:01,109 to being addicted to a particular substance or behavior. 371 00:21:02,759 --> 00:21:04,199 If we wish to understand what... 372 00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:06,278 then makes some people susceptible... 373 00:21:06,279 --> 00:21:08,798 we actually have to look at the life experience. 374 00:21:08,799 --> 00:21:14,118 The old idea, although it's old but it's still... 375 00:21:14,119 --> 00:21:17,439 broadly held, that addictions are due to some genetic cause... 376 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:19,750 is simply scientifically untenable. 377 00:21:20,599 --> 00:21:23,919 What the case is actually is that certain life experiences... 378 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:25,639 make people susceptible. 379 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:29,719 Life experiences that not only shape the person's... 380 00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:33,278 personality and psychological needs... 381 00:21:33,279 --> 00:21:36,399 but also their very brains in certain ways. 382 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:39,030 And that process begins in utero. 383 00:21:41,079 --> 00:21:42,949 [Prenatal] 384 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:44,838 It has been shown, for example... 385 00:21:44,839 --> 00:21:48,509 that if you stress mothers during pregnancy... 386 00:21:48,519 --> 00:21:50,239 their children are more likely to have... 387 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:52,959 traits that predispose them to addictions... 388 00:21:52,960 --> 00:21:55,118 and that's because development is shaped... 389 00:21:57,480 --> 00:22:01,919 So the biology of human beings is very much affected by... 390 00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:06,679 and programmed by the life experiences beginning in utero. 391 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:08,719 Environment does not begin at birth. 392 00:22:08,720 --> 00:22:11,239 Environment begins as soon as you have an environment. 393 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:14,798 As soon as you are a fetus, you are subject to whatever... 394 00:22:14,799 --> 00:22:17,518 information is coming through mom's circulations. 395 00:22:17,519 --> 00:22:19,318 Hormones, levels of nutrients... 396 00:22:19,319 --> 00:22:21,598 A great landmark example of this is... 397 00:22:21,599 --> 00:22:24,358 something called the Dutch Hongerwinter. 398 00:22:24,359 --> 00:22:28,078 In 1944, Nazis occupying Holland... 399 00:22:28,079 --> 00:22:30,199 for a bunch of reasons, they decide to... 400 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:32,479 take all the food and divert it to Germany, 401 00:22:32,480 --> 00:22:34,558 for three months everybody there was starving. 402 00:22:34,559 --> 00:22:36,679 Tens of thousands of people starve to death. 403 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:38,838 What the Dutch hunger winter effect is: 404 00:22:38,839 --> 00:22:43,719 If you were a 2nd or 3rd trimester fetus during the starvation... 405 00:22:43,720 --> 00:22:47,758 your body 'learned' something very unique during that time. 406 00:22:47,759 --> 00:22:50,999 As it turns out, 2nd and 3rd trimester is when your body is... 407 00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:53,558 going about trying to learn about the environment: 408 00:22:53,559 --> 00:22:57,038 How menacing of a place is it out there? 409 00:22:57,039 --> 00:23:00,199 How plentiful? How much nutrients am I getting... 410 00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:02,278 by way of mom's circulation? 411 00:23:02,279 --> 00:23:06,598 Be a fetus who was starving during that time and your body... 412 00:23:06,599 --> 00:23:09,038 programs forever after to be... 413 00:23:09,039 --> 00:23:13,959 really, really stingy with your sugar and fat and... 414 00:23:13,960 --> 00:23:16,479 what you do is you store every bit of it. 415 00:23:16,480 --> 00:23:19,879 Be a Dutch Hunger Winter fetus and half a century later... 416 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:21,598 everything else being equal... 417 00:23:21,599 --> 00:23:24,758 you are more likely to have high blood pressure... 418 00:23:24,759 --> 00:23:26,558 obesity or metabolic syndrome. 419 00:23:26,559 --> 00:23:30,758 That is environment coming in a very unexpected place. 420 00:23:30,759 --> 00:23:34,358 You can stress animals in the laboratory when they're pregnant... 421 00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:35,959 and their offspring will be more... 422 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:38,229 likely to use cocaine and alcohol as adults. 423 00:23:38,440 --> 00:23:41,959 You can stress human mothers. For example, in a British study... 424 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:44,919 women who were abused in pregnancy... 425 00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:46,838 will have higher levels of... 426 00:23:46,839 --> 00:23:49,919 the stress hormone cortisol in their placenta at birth... 427 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:52,078 and their children are more likely to have conditions that... 428 00:23:52,079 --> 00:23:55,598 predispose them to addictions by age 7 or 8. 429 00:23:55,599 --> 00:23:58,639 So in utero stress already prepares the gun... 430 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:00,639 for all kinds of mental health issues. 431 00:24:00,640 --> 00:24:04,430 An Israeli study done on children... 432 00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:06,999 born to mothers who were pregnant... 433 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:12,070 prior to the onset of the 1967 war... 434 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:14,199 These women, of course, were very stressed... 435 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:16,919 and their offspring have a higher incidence of schizophrenia... 436 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:18,838 than the average cohort. 437 00:24:18,839 --> 00:24:22,159 So, there is plenty of evidence now that prenatal... 438 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:26,230 effects have a huge impact on the developing human being. 439 00:24:30,240 --> 00:24:31,679 The point about human development and... 440 00:24:31,680 --> 00:24:33,038 specifically human brain development... 441 00:24:33,039 --> 00:24:35,358 is that it occurs mostly under the impact of the environment... 442 00:24:35,359 --> 00:24:37,318 and mostly after birth. 443 00:24:37,319 --> 00:24:39,959 Now, if you compare us to a horse... 444 00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:41,959 which can run on the first day of life... 445 00:24:41,960 --> 00:24:45,838 we see that we are very undeveloped. 446 00:24:45,839 --> 00:24:49,639 We can't muster that much neurological coordination... 447 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,318 balance, muscle strength, visual acuity... 448 00:24:52,319 --> 00:24:54,159 until a year and a half, two years of age. 449 00:24:54,160 --> 00:24:56,798 That's because the brain development in the horse... 450 00:24:56,799 --> 00:24:58,679 happens in the safety of the womb... 451 00:24:58,680 --> 00:25:01,838 and in the human being, it has to happen after birth... 452 00:25:01,839 --> 00:25:04,358 and that has to do with simple evolutionary logic. 453 00:25:04,359 --> 00:25:08,679 As the head gets larger, which is what makes us into human beings... 454 00:25:08,680 --> 00:25:11,159 the burgeoning of the forebrain is... 455 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:13,639 what creates the human species, actually. 456 00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:16,758 At the same time, we walk on two legs. So, our pelvis narrows... 457 00:25:16,759 --> 00:25:18,239 to accommodate that. So now we... 458 00:25:18,240 --> 00:25:20,639 have a narrower pelvis, a larger head... 459 00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:22,639 Bingo! We have to be born prematurely. 460 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:25,038 And that means the brain development that in other animals... 461 00:25:25,039 --> 00:25:26,479 occurs in utero... 462 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:28,518 in us, occurs after birth... 463 00:25:28,519 --> 00:25:30,919 and much of that under the impact of the environment. 464 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:35,078 The concept of Neural Darwinism simply means... 465 00:25:35,079 --> 00:25:38,118 that the circuits that get the appropriate input from the environment... 466 00:25:38,119 --> 00:25:40,798 will develop optimally and the ones that don't... 467 00:25:40,799 --> 00:25:43,719 will either not develop optimally or perhaps not at all. 468 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:46,639 If you take a child with perfectly good eyes at birth... 469 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:48,838 and you put him in a dark room for five years... 470 00:25:48,839 --> 00:25:51,798 he will be blind thereafter for the rest of his life... 471 00:25:51,799 --> 00:25:55,199 because the circuits of vision require light waves for their development... 472 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:57,679 and without that even the rudimentary... 473 00:25:57,680 --> 00:26:00,199 circuit's present and active at birth... 474 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:04,390 will atrophy and die and new ones will not develop. 475 00:26:07,839 --> 00:26:10,518 There is a significant way in which... 476 00:26:10,519 --> 00:26:15,189 early experiences shape adult behavior... 477 00:26:16,079 --> 00:26:18,239 and even and especially early... 478 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:21,719 experiences for which there is no recall memory. 479 00:26:21,720 --> 00:26:23,999 It turns out that there are two kinds of memory: 480 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,598 there is explicit memory which is recall... 481 00:26:26,599 --> 00:26:29,719 this is when you can call back facts... 482 00:26:29,720 --> 00:26:32,558 details, episodes, circumstances. 483 00:26:32,559 --> 00:26:35,479 But the structure in the brain which is called the hippocampus... 484 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:37,318 which encodes recall memory... 485 00:26:37,319 --> 00:26:40,439 doesn't even begin to develop fully until a year and a half... 486 00:26:40,440 --> 00:26:42,399 and it is not fully developed until much later. 487 00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:44,598 Which is why hardly anybody has... 488 00:26:44,599 --> 00:26:47,118 any recall memory prior to 18 months. 489 00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:48,318 But there is another kind of... 490 00:26:48,319 --> 00:26:49,919 memory which is called implicit memory... 491 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:52,798 which is, in fact, an emotional memory... 492 00:26:52,799 --> 00:26:56,719 where the emotional impact and the interpretation the child makes... 493 00:26:56,720 --> 00:26:59,758 of those emotional experiences are ingrained in the brain... 494 00:26:59,759 --> 00:27:01,838 in the form of nerve circuits ready to fire... 495 00:27:01,839 --> 00:27:03,439 without specific recall. 496 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:05,239 So to give you a clear example... 497 00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,239 people who are adopted have a... 498 00:27:07,240 --> 00:27:09,838 lifelong sense of rejection very often. 499 00:27:09,839 --> 00:27:11,118 They can't recall the adoption. 500 00:27:11,119 --> 00:27:13,239 They can't recall the separation of the birth mother... 501 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:15,199 because there's nothing there to recall with. 502 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,598 But the emotional memory of separation and rejection... 503 00:27:18,599 --> 00:27:20,838 is deeply embedded in their brains. 504 00:27:20,839 --> 00:27:22,479 Hence, they are much more likely... 505 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:24,199 to experience a sense of rejection... 506 00:27:24,200 --> 00:27:26,598 and a great emotional upset... 507 00:27:26,599 --> 00:27:29,159 when they perceive themselves as being rejected... 508 00:27:29,160 --> 00:27:30,159 by other people. 509 00:27:30,160 --> 00:27:31,679 That's not unique to people who are... 510 00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:33,598 adopted but it is particularly strong in them... 511 00:27:33,599 --> 00:27:36,239 because of this function of implicit memory. 512 00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:39,358 People who are addicted, given all the... 513 00:27:39,359 --> 00:27:42,639 research literature and in my experience... 514 00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:47,110 the hard-core addicts virtually were all... 515 00:27:47,200 --> 00:27:49,358 significantly abused as children... 516 00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:51,518 or suffered severe emotional loss. 517 00:27:51,519 --> 00:27:53,999 Their emotional or implicit memories... 518 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:56,439 are those of a world that's not safe... 519 00:27:56,440 --> 00:28:00,518 and not helpful, caregivers who were not to be trusted... 520 00:28:00,519 --> 00:28:03,199 and relationships that are not... 521 00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:06,318 safe enough to open up to vulnerability... 522 00:28:06,319 --> 00:28:07,879 and hence their responses tend... 523 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:09,598 to be to keep themselves separate from... 524 00:28:09,599 --> 00:28:11,518 really intimate relationships, 525 00:28:11,519 --> 00:28:14,078 not to trust caregivers... 526 00:28:14,079 --> 00:28:16,999 doctors and other people who are trying to help them... 527 00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:20,118 and generally see the world as an unsafe place... 528 00:28:20,119 --> 00:28:24,919 and that is strictly a function of implicit memory... 529 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:29,550 which sometimes has to do with incidents they don't even recall. 530 00:28:34,039 --> 00:28:36,758 Infants who are born premature or often in incubators... 531 00:28:36,759 --> 00:28:39,239 and various types of gadgetry and... 532 00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:42,078 machinery for weeks and perhaps months, 533 00:28:42,079 --> 00:28:43,639 it's now known that if these... 534 00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:46,038 children are touched and stroked on the back... 535 00:28:46,039 --> 00:28:49,679 for just 10 minutes a day that promotes their brain development. 536 00:28:49,680 --> 00:28:52,439 So, human touch is essential for development... 537 00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:56,318 and, in fact, infants who are never picked up will actually die. 538 00:28:56,319 --> 00:28:58,758 That is how much of a fundamental... 539 00:28:58,759 --> 00:29:01,358 need being held is to human beings. 540 00:29:01,359 --> 00:29:04,239 In our society, there is an unfortunate tendency... 541 00:29:04,240 --> 00:29:06,999 to tell parents not to pick up their kids, not to hold them... 542 00:29:07,000 --> 00:29:12,919 not to pick up babies who are crying for fear of spoiling them... 543 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:15,038 or to encourage them to sleep through the night... 544 00:29:15,039 --> 00:29:16,199 you don't pick them up... 545 00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:18,639 which is just the opposite of what the child needs... 546 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:21,999 and these children might go back to sleep because they give up... 547 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:24,318 and their brains just shut down as a... 548 00:29:24,319 --> 00:29:27,038 way of defending against the vulnerability... 549 00:29:27,039 --> 00:29:29,959 of being abandoned really by their parents... 550 00:29:29,960 --> 00:29:31,758 but their implicit memories will be... 551 00:29:31,759 --> 00:29:34,029 that of the world that doesn't give a damn. 552 00:29:37,839 --> 00:29:42,879 A lot of these differences are structured very early in life. 553 00:29:42,880 --> 00:29:48,270 In a way, the parental experience of adversity... 554 00:29:48,279 --> 00:29:50,999 how tough life is or how easy it is... 555 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:52,838 is passed on to children... 556 00:29:52,839 --> 00:29:55,278 whether through maternal depression... 557 00:29:55,279 --> 00:29:56,838 or parents being bad tempered with... 558 00:29:56,839 --> 00:29:58,798 their kids because they have had a hard day... 559 00:29:58,799 --> 00:30:02,518 or just being too tired at the end of the day... 560 00:30:02,519 --> 00:30:06,038 and these have very powerful effects programming... 561 00:30:06,039 --> 00:30:09,879 children's development, which we know a lot about now... 562 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:14,758 But that early sensitivity isn't just an evolutionary mistake. 563 00:30:14,759 --> 00:30:17,439 It exists again in many different species. 564 00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:20,558 Even in seedlings there's an early adaptive process... 565 00:30:20,559 --> 00:30:22,679 to the kind of environment they are growing up in... 566 00:30:22,680 --> 00:30:28,318 but for humans, the adaptation is to the quality of social relations. 567 00:30:28,319 --> 00:30:31,038 And so, early life: 568 00:30:31,039 --> 00:30:35,199 How nurturing, how much conflict, how much attention you get... 569 00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:40,199 is a taster of the kind of world you may be growing up in. 570 00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:41,719 Are you growing up in a world where... 571 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:43,358 you have to fight for what you can get, 572 00:30:43,359 --> 00:30:47,399 watch your back, fend for yourself, learn not to trust others... 573 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:50,358 or are you growing up in a society where you depend on... 574 00:30:50,359 --> 00:30:55,239 reciprocity, mutuality, cooperation, where empathy is important... 575 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:59,038 where your security depends on good relations with other people... 576 00:30:59,039 --> 00:31:01,159 and that needs a very different... 577 00:31:01,160 --> 00:31:03,479 emotional and cognitive development... 578 00:31:03,480 --> 00:31:06,679 and that's what the early sensitivity is about... 579 00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:10,598 and parenting is almost, quite unconsciously... 580 00:31:10,599 --> 00:31:13,919 a system for passing on that experience to children... 581 00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:16,518 of the kind of world they are in. 582 00:31:16,519 --> 00:31:20,318 The great British child psychiatrist, DW Winnicott, said 583 00:31:20,319 --> 00:31:23,318 that fundamentally, two things can go wrong in childhood. 584 00:31:23,319 --> 00:31:26,479 One is when things happen that shouldn't happen... 585 00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:29,598 and then things that should happen but don't. 586 00:31:29,599 --> 00:31:33,518 In the first category, is the dramatic, abusive... 587 00:31:33,519 --> 00:31:36,038 and abandonment experiences of my... 588 00:31:36,039 --> 00:31:39,558 downtown Eastside patients and of many addicts. 589 00:31:39,559 --> 00:31:42,078 That's what shouldn't happen but did. 590 00:31:42,079 --> 00:31:46,078 But then there is the non-stressed... 591 00:31:46,079 --> 00:31:48,598 attuned, non-distracted attention... 592 00:31:48,599 --> 00:31:51,278 of the parent that every child needs... 593 00:31:51,279 --> 00:31:53,199 that very often children don't get. 594 00:31:53,200 --> 00:31:55,239 They're not abused. They are not neglected... 595 00:31:55,240 --> 00:31:57,999 and they're not traumatized... 596 00:31:58,000 --> 00:31:59,679 but what should happen... 597 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:02,879 the presence of the emotionally available nurturing parent... 598 00:32:02,880 --> 00:32:05,199 just is not available to them because of the... 599 00:32:05,200 --> 00:32:07,558 stresses in our society and the parenting environment. 600 00:32:07,559 --> 00:32:14,229 The psychologist Allan Surer calls that "Proximal Abandonment"... 601 00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:17,159 when the parent is physically present... 602 00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:19,470 but emotionally absent. 603 00:32:20,440 --> 00:32:23,239 I have spent... 604 00:32:23,240 --> 00:32:27,399 roughly the last 40 years of my life... 605 00:32:27,400 --> 00:32:31,879 working with the most violent of people our society produces: 606 00:32:31,880 --> 00:32:34,199 Murderers, rapists and so on. 607 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:37,999 In an attempt to understand what causes this violence. 608 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:42,479 I discovered that the most violent of the criminals in our prisons... 609 00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:45,439 had themselves been victims... 610 00:32:45,440 --> 00:32:48,278 of a degree of child abuse that was beyond the scale of... 611 00:32:48,279 --> 00:32:51,118 what I ever thought of applying the term child abuse to. 612 00:32:51,119 --> 00:32:54,639 I had no idea of the depth... 613 00:32:54,640 --> 00:32:58,639 of the depravity with which children in our society... 614 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:00,558 are all too often treated. 615 00:33:00,559 --> 00:33:04,479 The most violent people I saw were themselves the survivors... 616 00:33:04,480 --> 00:33:07,679 of their own attempted murder often at the hands of their parents... 617 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:11,078 or other people in their social environment... 618 00:33:11,079 --> 00:33:14,598 or were the survivors of family members who had been killed... 619 00:33:14,599 --> 00:33:18,630 their closest family members, by other people. 620 00:33:19,279 --> 00:33:23,838 The Buddha argued that everything depends on everything else. 621 00:33:23,839 --> 00:33:26,758 He says 'the one contains the many and the many contains the one'. 622 00:33:26,759 --> 00:33:30,358 That you can't understand anything in isolation from its environment. 623 00:33:30,359 --> 00:33:38,029 The leaf contains the sun, the sky and the earth, obviously. 624 00:33:38,559 --> 00:33:41,038 This has now been shown to be true, of course... 625 00:33:41,039 --> 00:33:44,439 all around and specifically when it comes to human development. 626 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:46,919 The modern scientific term for it... 627 00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:49,758 is the "bio psycho social" nature of human development... 628 00:33:49,759 --> 00:33:52,078 which says that the biology of human beings... 629 00:33:52,079 --> 00:33:54,399 depends very much on their interaction with... 630 00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:56,639 the social and psychological environment. 631 00:33:56,640 --> 00:34:02,358 Specifically, the psychiatrist and researcher... 632 00:34:02,359 --> 00:34:06,838 Daniel Siegel at the University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA... 633 00:34:06,839 --> 00:34:10,078 has coined a phrase "Interpersonal Neurobiology"... 634 00:34:10,079 --> 00:34:12,319 which means to say that the way... 635 00:34:12,320 --> 00:34:14,718 that our nervous system functions... 636 00:34:14,719 --> 00:34:17,479 depends very much on our personal relationships. 637 00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:20,319 In the first place with the parenting caregivers and in the... 638 00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:23,479 second place with other important attachment figures in our lives... 639 00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:26,158 and in the third-place, with our entire culture. 640 00:34:26,159 --> 00:34:28,279 So that you can't separate the... 641 00:34:28,280 --> 00:34:31,118 neurological functioning of a human being... 642 00:34:31,119 --> 00:34:35,078 from the environment in which he or she grew up in... 643 00:34:35,079 --> 00:34:37,558 and continues to exist in... 644 00:34:37,559 --> 00:34:40,319 and this is true throughout the lifecycle. 645 00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:42,118 It's particularly true when you are... 646 00:34:42,119 --> 00:34:44,799 dependent and helpless when your brain is developing... 647 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:48,990 but it's true even in adults and even at the end of life. 648 00:34:53,239 --> 00:34:56,839 Human beings have lived in almost every kind of society. 649 00:34:56,840 --> 00:35:01,558 From the most egalitarian... hunting and gathering societies... 650 00:35:01,559 --> 00:35:03,558 seem to have been very egalitarian... 651 00:35:03,559 --> 00:35:06,598 for instance, based on food sharing, gift exchange... 652 00:35:06,599 --> 00:35:09,759 Small bands of people living predominately... 653 00:35:09,760 --> 00:35:13,150 off of foraging and a little bit of hunting... 654 00:35:13,159 --> 00:35:15,238 predominantly among people you have... 655 00:35:15,239 --> 00:35:17,279 at the least, known your entire life... 656 00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:20,238 if not surrounded by third cousins or closer, 657 00:35:20,239 --> 00:35:22,118 in a world in which there is a great... 658 00:35:22,119 --> 00:35:24,238 deal of fluidity between different groups, 659 00:35:24,239 --> 00:35:25,999 in a world which there is not a... 660 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,118 whole lot in terms of material culture... 661 00:35:28,119 --> 00:35:31,038 this is how humans have spent most of their hominid history. 662 00:35:31,039 --> 00:35:34,518 And no surprise, that makes for a very different world. 663 00:35:34,519 --> 00:35:38,919 One of the things you get as a result of that is far less violence. 664 00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:41,078 Organized group violence is not... 665 00:35:41,079 --> 00:35:43,198 something that occurred at that time... 666 00:35:43,199 --> 00:35:46,879 of human history and that seems quite clear. 667 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:49,749 So where did we go wrong? 668 00:35:50,039 --> 00:35:54,479 Violence is not universal. 669 00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:58,319 It is not symmetrically distributed throughout the human race. 670 00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:03,038 There is a huge variation in the amount of violence in different societies. 671 00:36:03,039 --> 00:36:07,279 There are some societies that have virtually no violence. 672 00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:10,839 There are others that destroy themselves. 673 00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:14,158 Some of the Anabaptist religious... 674 00:36:14,159 --> 00:36:18,399 groups that are complete strict pacifists... 675 00:36:18,400 --> 00:36:21,238 like the Amish, the Mennonites, the Hutterites... 676 00:36:21,239 --> 00:36:24,399 among some of these groups, the Hutterites 677 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:28,550 there are no recorded cases of homicide. 678 00:36:29,440 --> 00:36:32,598 During our major wars, like World War II... 679 00:36:32,599 --> 00:36:34,638 where people were being drafted... 680 00:36:34,639 --> 00:36:36,959 they would refuse to serve in the military. 681 00:36:36,960 --> 00:36:39,870 They would go to prison rather than serve in the military... 682 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,439 In the Kibbutzim in Israel... 683 00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:45,919 the level of violence is so low that the criminal courts there... 684 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:48,598 will often send violent offenders... 685 00:36:48,599 --> 00:36:51,198 people who have committed crimes... 686 00:36:51,199 --> 00:36:54,118 to live on the Kibbutzim in order to... 687 00:36:54,119 --> 00:36:56,198 learn how to live a non-violent life... 688 00:36:56,199 --> 00:36:58,518 because that's the way people live there. 689 00:36:58,519 --> 00:37:02,238 So, we are amply shaped by society. 690 00:37:02,239 --> 00:37:07,518 Our societies, in the broader sense including our theological... 691 00:37:07,519 --> 00:37:10,999 our metaphysical, our linguistic influences, etc. 692 00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:14,839 our societies help shape us as to whether or not we think... 693 00:37:14,840 --> 00:37:18,078 life is basically about sin or about beauty, 694 00:37:18,079 --> 00:37:20,799 whether the afterlife will carry a price for... 695 00:37:20,800 --> 00:37:23,350 how we live our lives or if it's irrelevant. 696 00:37:23,599 --> 00:37:26,999 In a broad sort of way different large societies could... 697 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:29,118 be termed as individualistic or... 698 00:37:29,119 --> 00:37:32,198 collectivist and you get very different people... 699 00:37:32,199 --> 00:37:33,919 and different mindsets and I suspect... 700 00:37:33,920 --> 00:37:35,718 different brains coming along with that. 701 00:37:35,719 --> 00:37:40,118 We, in America, are in one of the most individualistic of societies. 702 00:37:40,119 --> 00:37:43,919 With capitalism being a system that allows you to go... 703 00:37:43,920 --> 00:37:47,558 higher and higher up a potential pyramid and... 704 00:37:47,559 --> 00:37:50,558 the deal is that it comes with fewer and fewer safety nets. 705 00:37:50,559 --> 00:37:54,078 By definition, the more stratified a society is... 706 00:37:54,079 --> 00:37:57,598 the fewer people you have as peers, "the fewer people with whom... 707 00:37:57,599 --> 00:38:00,879 you have symmetrical, reciprocal relationships"... 708 00:38:00,880 --> 00:38:05,638 and instead, all you have are differing spots and endless hierarchies... 709 00:38:05,639 --> 00:38:08,678 A world in which you have few reciprocal partners... 710 00:38:08,679 --> 00:38:11,309 is a world with a lot less altruism. 711 00:38:17,840 --> 00:38:22,198 So, this brings us to a total impossible juncture which is... 712 00:38:22,199 --> 00:38:25,518 to try to make sense in perspective science... 713 00:38:25,519 --> 00:38:28,198 as to what that nature is of human nature. 714 00:38:28,199 --> 00:38:30,678 You know, on a certain level... 715 00:38:30,679 --> 00:38:33,238 the nature of our nature is not to be... 716 00:38:33,239 --> 00:38:35,999 particularly constrained by our nature. 717 00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:37,839 We come up with more social... 718 00:38:37,840 --> 00:38:40,439 variability than any species out there. 719 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:44,759 More systems of belief, of styles of family structures... 720 00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:47,759 of ways of raising children. The capacity... 721 00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:50,870 for variety that we have is extraordinary. 722 00:38:51,800 --> 00:38:55,558 In a society which is predicated on competition... 723 00:38:55,559 --> 00:39:01,038 and really, very often, the ruthless exploitation... 724 00:39:01,039 --> 00:39:03,078 of one human being by another... 725 00:39:03,079 --> 00:39:06,279 the profiteering off of other people's problems... 726 00:39:06,280 --> 00:39:08,558 and very often the creation of... 727 00:39:08,559 --> 00:39:11,638 problems for the purpose of profiteering... 728 00:39:11,639 --> 00:39:14,919 the ruling ideology will very often justify that behavior... 729 00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:18,999 by appeals to some fundamental and unalterable human nature. 730 00:39:19,000 --> 00:39:20,718 So the myth in our society is... 731 00:39:20,719 --> 00:39:22,919 that people are competitive by nature... 732 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:26,990 and that they are individualistic and that they're selfish. 733 00:39:27,119 --> 00:39:30,118 The real reality is quite the opposite. 734 00:39:30,119 --> 00:39:31,718 We have certain human needs. 735 00:39:31,719 --> 00:39:34,518 The only way that you can talk about human nature concretely... 736 00:39:34,519 --> 00:39:37,238 is by recognizing that there are certain human needs. 737 00:39:37,239 --> 00:39:40,399 We have a human need for companionship and for close contact... 738 00:39:40,400 --> 00:39:43,479 to be loved, to be attached to, to be accepted... 739 00:39:43,480 --> 00:39:47,030 to be seen, to be received for who we are. 740 00:39:47,519 --> 00:39:50,038 If those needs are met, we develop... 741 00:39:50,039 --> 00:39:52,439 into people who are compassionate... 742 00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:58,439 and cooperative and who have empathy for other people. 743 00:39:58,440 --> 00:40:01,110 So... 744 00:40:01,199 --> 00:40:03,319 the opposite, that we often see in our... 745 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:05,879 society is, in fact, a distortion of human nature... 746 00:40:05,880 --> 00:40:09,189 precisely because so few people have their needs met. 747 00:40:09,280 --> 00:40:11,678 So, yes you can talk about human nature... 748 00:40:11,679 --> 00:40:14,198 but only in the sense of basic human needs... 749 00:40:14,199 --> 00:40:16,359 that are instinctively evoked... 750 00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:18,718 or I should say, certain human needs... 751 00:40:18,719 --> 00:40:21,638 that lead to certain traits if they are met... 752 00:40:21,639 --> 00:40:24,389 and a different set of traits if they are denied. 753 00:40:27,199 --> 00:40:28,839 So... 754 00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:31,879 when we recognize the fact that the human organism... 755 00:40:31,880 --> 00:40:34,479 which has a great deal of adaptive flexibility... 756 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:37,839 allowing us to survive in many different conditions... 757 00:40:37,840 --> 00:40:42,118 is also rigidly programmed for certain environmental requirements... 758 00:40:42,119 --> 00:40:44,518 or human needs... 759 00:40:44,519 --> 00:40:47,669 a social imperative begins to emerge. 760 00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:50,759 Just as our bodies require physical nutrients... 761 00:40:50,760 --> 00:40:55,158 the human brain demands positive forms of environmental stimulus... 762 00:40:55,159 --> 00:40:57,630 at all stages of development... 763 00:40:57,639 --> 00:40:59,999 while also needing to be protected... 764 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:02,749 from other negative forms of stimulus. 765 00:41:03,079 --> 00:41:05,550 And if things that should happen, do not... 766 00:41:05,599 --> 00:41:08,158 or if things that shouldn't happen, do... 767 00:41:08,159 --> 00:41:11,479 it is now apparent that the door can be opened for not only... 768 00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:14,638 a cascade of mental and physical diseases... 769 00:41:14,639 --> 00:41:18,150 but many detrimental human behaviors as well. 770 00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:21,078 So, as we turn our perspective now outward... 771 00:41:21,079 --> 00:41:23,919 and take account for the state of affairs today... 772 00:41:23,920 --> 00:41:25,910 we must ask the question: 773 00:41:26,159 --> 00:41:28,919 Is the condition we have created in the modern world... 774 00:41:28,920 --> 00:41:31,749 actually supporting our health? 775 00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:34,118 Is the bedrock of our socioeconomic... 776 00:41:34,119 --> 00:41:36,359 system acting as a positive force... 777 00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:39,910 for human and social development and progress? 778 00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:44,399 Or, is the foundational gravitation of our society... 779 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:48,919 actually going against the core evolutionary requirements... 780 00:41:48,920 --> 00:41:51,479 needed to create and maintain... 781 00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:54,189 our personal and social well-being? 782 00:42:17,960 --> 00:42:21,150 So, one might ask where did this all begin? 783 00:42:21,360 --> 00:42:24,638 What we have today... really a world in a state of... 784 00:42:24,639 --> 00:42:27,349 cumulative collapse. 785 00:42:30,639 --> 00:42:33,359 You get it started with John Locke. 786 00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:36,158 And John Locke introduces property. 787 00:42:36,159 --> 00:42:40,879 He has three provisos for just private right and property. 788 00:42:40,880 --> 00:42:42,638 And the three provisos are: 789 00:42:42,639 --> 00:42:45,279 There must be enough left over for others... 790 00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:47,319 and that you must not let it spoil... 791 00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:51,070 and that you, most of all, must mix your labor with it. 792 00:42:51,079 --> 00:42:54,319 It seems justified... you mix your labor with the world... 793 00:42:54,320 --> 00:42:56,479 then you are entitled to the product 794 00:42:56,480 --> 00:42:59,279 and as long as there's enough left over for others 795 00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:01,558 and as long as it doesn't spoil... 796 00:43:01,559 --> 00:43:04,078 and you don't allow anything to go to waste then that's okay. 797 00:43:04,079 --> 00:43:07,319 He spends a long time on this and his famous treatise of government... 798 00:43:07,320 --> 00:43:10,238 and it's since been the canonical text... 799 00:43:10,239 --> 00:43:13,518 for economic and political and legal understanding. 800 00:43:13,519 --> 00:43:16,789 It is still the classic text that's studied. 801 00:43:16,880 --> 00:43:20,118 Well... after he gives the provisos... 802 00:43:20,119 --> 00:43:22,038 and you're almost thinking at the time whether you... 803 00:43:22,039 --> 00:43:23,518 are for private property or not... 804 00:43:23,519 --> 00:43:27,999 he has given a very good and powerful defense... 805 00:43:28,000 --> 00:43:29,718 of private property here... 806 00:43:29,719 --> 00:43:31,158 Well, he drops them! 807 00:43:31,159 --> 00:43:33,959 He drops them like that. Right in one sentence. 808 00:43:33,960 --> 00:43:35,959 He says, 'Well, once the introduction... 809 00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:38,638 of money came in by men's tacit consent... 810 00:43:38,639 --> 00:43:40,198 then it became'... 811 00:43:40,199 --> 00:43:43,919 and he doesn't say all the provisos are canceled or erased... 812 00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:46,118 but that's what happens. 813 00:43:46,119 --> 00:43:48,198 So, now we have not... 814 00:43:48,199 --> 00:43:50,839 product and your property earned by your own labor... 815 00:43:50,840 --> 00:43:53,870 oh no- money buys labor now. 816 00:43:53,920 --> 00:43:55,439 There is no longer consideration... 817 00:43:55,440 --> 00:43:57,839 whether there is enough left over for others, 818 00:43:57,840 --> 00:44:00,238 there is no longer consideration of whether it spoils... 819 00:44:00,239 --> 00:44:01,759 because he says money is like... 820 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:03,558 silver and gold and gold can't spoil... 821 00:44:03,559 --> 00:44:07,078 and therefore money can't be responsible for waste... 822 00:44:07,079 --> 00:44:09,558 which is ridiculous. We are not talking about money... 823 00:44:09,559 --> 00:44:11,919 and silver, we are talking about what its effects are. 824 00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:14,439 It's one non sequitur after another. 825 00:44:14,440 --> 00:44:17,638 Just the most startling... 826 00:44:17,639 --> 00:44:21,399 logical legerdemain that he gets away with here... 827 00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:25,310 but it fits the interests of capital owners. 828 00:44:26,159 --> 00:44:28,919 Then Adam Smith comes and what he adds... 829 00:44:28,920 --> 00:44:30,638 is the religion to this... 830 00:44:30,639 --> 00:44:33,319 Locke started with God made it all this way... 831 00:44:33,320 --> 00:44:34,799 this is God's right... 832 00:44:34,800 --> 00:44:36,959 and now we get also with Smith 833 00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:39,118 saying 'it's not only God's'... 834 00:44:39,119 --> 00:44:40,839 well, he's not actually saying this but... 835 00:44:40,840 --> 00:44:43,479 this is what's happening philosophically, in principle... 836 00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:46,518 he's saying that 'it is not only a question of private property'... 837 00:44:46,519 --> 00:44:49,038 That's all now 'presupposed'... It's Given! 838 00:44:49,039 --> 00:44:51,959 And that there's 'money investors that buy labor' "Given"! 839 00:44:51,960 --> 00:44:55,078 There's no limit to how much they can buy of other men's labor... 840 00:44:55,079 --> 00:44:57,439 how much they can accumulate, how much 'inequality'... 841 00:44:57,440 --> 00:44:59,319 that's all given now. 842 00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:02,718 And so he comes along and what his big idea is... 843 00:45:02,719 --> 00:45:07,518 and again it's just introduced in parentheses, in passing... 844 00:45:07,519 --> 00:45:10,718 You know, when people put out goods for sale... the supply... 845 00:45:10,719 --> 00:45:15,638 and other people buy them... the demand and so forth... 846 00:45:15,639 --> 00:45:19,638 how do we have supply equaling demand... 847 00:45:19,639 --> 00:45:21,158 or demand equaling supply? 848 00:45:21,159 --> 00:45:23,038 how can they come into equilibrium? 849 00:45:23,039 --> 00:45:25,879 and that is one of the central notions of economics... 850 00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:27,999 is how do they come into equilibrium... 851 00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:32,319 and he says: It's the "Invisible Hand of the Market"... 852 00:45:32,320 --> 00:45:34,198 that brings them into equilibrium. 853 00:45:34,199 --> 00:45:37,118 So, now we have "God is actually imminent". 854 00:45:37,119 --> 00:45:41,078 He just didn't give the rights to property... 855 00:45:41,079 --> 00:45:45,759 and all its wherewithal and its "natural rights"... 856 00:45:45,760 --> 00:45:47,279 regarding what Locke said... 857 00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:51,150 now we have the system itself as "God". 858 00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:55,279 In fact, Smith says, when he talks... 859 00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:57,518 and you have to read the whole of the... 860 00:45:57,519 --> 00:45:59,799 Wealth of Nations' to find this quote. 861 00:45:59,800 --> 00:46:02,518 He says: 'The scantiness of subsistence... 862 00:46:02,519 --> 00:46:06,839 sets limits to the reproduction of the poor... 863 00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:11,078 and that nature can deal with this in no other way... 864 00:46:11,079 --> 00:46:14,349 than elimination of their children'. 865 00:46:14,480 --> 00:46:19,110 So he anticipated evolutionary theory in the worst sense... 866 00:46:19,119 --> 00:46:20,879 this is well before Darwin. 867 00:46:20,880 --> 00:46:23,759 And so he called them the 'Race of Laborers'. 868 00:46:23,760 --> 00:46:27,078 So you can see: There was inherent racism built-in here... 869 00:46:27,079 --> 00:46:32,279 there was an inherent life blindness to kill... 870 00:46:32,280 --> 00:46:34,879 innumerable children... 871 00:46:34,880 --> 00:46:37,959 and he thought: 'That's the Invisible Hand making supply... 872 00:46:37,960 --> 00:46:40,078 meet demand and demand meet supply'. 873 00:46:40,079 --> 00:46:43,319 So, see how wise "God" is? 874 00:46:43,320 --> 00:46:46,238 So you can see a lot of the really virulent... 875 00:46:46,239 --> 00:46:50,919 life destructive, eco-genocidal things... 876 00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:54,518 that are going on now have, in a way, 877 00:46:54,519 --> 00:46:58,990 a 'thought gene' back in Smith too. 878 00:47:00,400 --> 00:47:02,879 When we reflect on the original concept of... 879 00:47:02,880 --> 00:47:05,439 the so-called free market capitalist system... 880 00:47:05,440 --> 00:47:08,198 as initiated by early economic philosophers... 881 00:47:08,199 --> 00:47:09,718 such as Adam Smith... 882 00:47:09,719 --> 00:47:12,839 we see that the original intent of a "market"... 883 00:47:12,840 --> 00:47:17,229 was based around real, tangible, life supporting goods for trade. 884 00:47:17,239 --> 00:47:19,718 Adam Smith never fathomed that the most... 885 00:47:19,719 --> 00:47:22,158 profitable economic sector on the planet... 886 00:47:22,159 --> 00:47:25,078 would eventually be in the arena of financial trading... 887 00:47:25,079 --> 00:47:27,198 or so-called investment... 888 00:47:27,199 --> 00:47:28,718 where money itself is simply... 889 00:47:28,719 --> 00:47:30,759 gained by the movement of other money... 890 00:47:30,760 --> 00:47:33,118 in an arbitrary game which holds 891 00:47:33,119 --> 00:47:35,590 zero productive merit to society. 892 00:47:35,920 --> 00:47:38,158 Yet, regardless of Smith's intent... 893 00:47:38,159 --> 00:47:40,879 the door for such seemingly anomalous advents... 894 00:47:40,880 --> 00:47:45,749 was left wide open by one fundamental tenet of this theory: 895 00:47:45,760 --> 00:47:50,078 Money is treated as a Commodity, in and of itself. 896 00:47:50,079 --> 00:47:52,198 Today, in every economy of the world... 897 00:47:52,199 --> 00:47:54,909 regardless of the social system they claim... 898 00:47:54,920 --> 00:47:58,919 money is pursued for the sake of money and nothing else. 899 00:47:58,920 --> 00:48:01,959 The underlying idea, which was mysteriously qualified... 900 00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:05,799 by Adam Smith with his religious declaration of the... 901 00:48:05,800 --> 00:48:07,879 'Invisible Hand'... 902 00:48:07,880 --> 00:48:10,479 is that the narrow, self-interested pursuit... 903 00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:12,439 of this fictional commodity... 904 00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:14,718 will somehow magically manifest... 905 00:48:14,719 --> 00:48:18,509 human and social well-being and progress. 906 00:48:18,559 --> 00:48:22,359 The reality is that the monetary incentive interest... 907 00:48:22,360 --> 00:48:26,078 or what some have termed the "Money Sequence of Value"... 908 00:48:26,079 --> 00:48:29,279 has now completely decoupled from the foundational... 909 00:48:29,280 --> 00:48:31,999 'life interest', which could be termed the... 910 00:48:32,000 --> 00:48:34,558 'Life Sequence of Value'. 911 00:48:34,559 --> 00:48:38,359 What has happened is that there is a complete confusion... 912 00:48:38,360 --> 00:48:40,479 in economic doctrine... 913 00:48:40,480 --> 00:48:42,399 between those two sequences. 914 00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:44,879 They think that the Money Sequence of Value... 915 00:48:44,880 --> 00:48:47,078 delivers the Life Sequence of Value... 916 00:48:47,079 --> 00:48:49,799 and that's why they say if more goods are sold... 917 00:48:49,800 --> 00:48:51,759 if GDP's rise and so forth... 918 00:48:51,760 --> 00:48:54,919 there would be more enhanced well-being... 919 00:48:54,920 --> 00:48:58,319 and we could take the GDP as being our basic layer indicator... 920 00:48:58,320 --> 00:48:59,598 of social health... 921 00:48:59,599 --> 00:49:01,238 Well, there you see the confusion. 922 00:49:01,239 --> 00:49:03,359 It's talking about Money Sequences of Value... 923 00:49:03,360 --> 00:49:05,479 that is, all the receipts and all the revenues that are... 924 00:49:05,480 --> 00:49:08,198 derived from selling goods... 925 00:49:08,199 --> 00:49:11,919 and they're confusing that with life reproduction. 926 00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:15,598 So, you have built right into this thing from the beginning... 927 00:49:15,599 --> 00:49:18,518 a complete conflation of the money... 928 00:49:18,519 --> 00:49:20,919 and life sequences of value. 929 00:49:20,920 --> 00:49:24,359 So, we are dealing with a kind of structured delusion... 930 00:49:24,360 --> 00:49:26,598 which becomes more and more deadly... 931 00:49:26,599 --> 00:49:29,319 as the money sequence decouples from producing... 932 00:49:29,320 --> 00:49:30,839 anything at all. 933 00:49:30,840 --> 00:49:33,279 So, it's a system disorder... 934 00:49:33,280 --> 00:49:36,750 and the system disorder seems to be fatal. 935 00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:44,799 In society today, you seldom hear anyone speak... 936 00:49:44,800 --> 00:49:47,439 of the progress of their country or society... 937 00:49:47,440 --> 00:49:50,990 in terms of their physical well-being, state of happiness, 938 00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:53,638 trust or social stability. 939 00:49:53,639 --> 00:49:55,959 Rather, the measures are presented to us... 940 00:49:55,960 --> 00:49:57,919 through economic abstractions. 941 00:49:57,920 --> 00:50:01,439 We have the gross domestic product, the consumer price index, 942 00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:04,238 the value of the stock market, rates of inflation... 943 00:50:04,239 --> 00:50:05,759 and so on. 944 00:50:05,760 --> 00:50:08,198 But does this tell us anything of real value... 945 00:50:08,199 --> 00:50:11,150 as to the quality of people's lives? 946 00:50:11,199 --> 00:50:13,439 No. All of these measures have to do with... 947 00:50:13,440 --> 00:50:16,990 the money sequence itself and nothing more. 948 00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:20,078 For example, the Gross Domestic Product of a country... 949 00:50:20,079 --> 00:50:23,510 is a measure of the value of goods and services sold. 950 00:50:23,519 --> 00:50:26,038 This measure is claimed to correlate to the... 951 00:50:26,039 --> 00:50:28,999 "Standard of living" of a country's people. 952 00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,879 In the United States health care accounted for over... 953 00:50:31,880 --> 00:50:34,959 17% of GDP in 2009... 954 00:50:34,960 --> 00:50:38,038 amounting to over 2.5 trillion spent. 955 00:50:38,039 --> 00:50:41,799 Hence, creating a positive effect on this economic measure. 956 00:50:41,800 --> 00:50:43,238 And, based on this logic 957 00:50:43,239 --> 00:50:45,638 it would be even better for the US economy... 958 00:50:45,639 --> 00:50:48,158 if health care services increased more so... 959 00:50:48,159 --> 00:50:50,999 perhaps to 3 trillion dollars... or 5 trillion... 960 00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:52,919 since that would create more growth... 961 00:50:52,920 --> 00:50:55,638 more jobs and hence boasted by economists... 962 00:50:55,639 --> 00:50:58,709 as a rise in their country's standard of living. 963 00:50:59,039 --> 00:51:00,919 But wait a minute. 964 00:51:00,920 --> 00:51:04,118 What do health care services actually represent? 965 00:51:04,119 --> 00:51:07,389 Well, sick and dying people. 966 00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:11,118 That's right, the more unhealthy people there are in America... 967 00:51:11,119 --> 00:51:13,150 the better the economy. 968 00:51:13,159 --> 00:51:17,158 Now, that is not an exaggeration or a cynical perspective. 969 00:51:17,159 --> 00:51:19,238 In fact, if we step back far enough... 970 00:51:19,239 --> 00:51:21,118 you will realize that the GDP 971 00:51:21,119 --> 00:51:23,999 not only doesn't reflect real public or social health... 972 00:51:24,000 --> 00:51:25,879 on any tangible level... 973 00:51:25,880 --> 00:51:28,198 it is, in fact, mostly a measure... 974 00:51:28,199 --> 00:51:30,319 of industrial inefficiency... 975 00:51:30,320 --> 00:51:32,319 and social degradation. 976 00:51:32,320 --> 00:51:35,799 And the more you see it the worse things are becoming... 977 00:51:35,800 --> 00:51:38,359 with respect to personal, social... 978 00:51:38,360 --> 00:51:40,839 and environmental integrity. 979 00:51:40,840 --> 00:51:44,470 You have to create problems to create profit. 980 00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:47,830 There is no profit under the current paradigm... 981 00:51:47,880 --> 00:51:50,759 in saving lives, putting balance on this planet... 982 00:51:50,760 --> 00:51:53,158 having justice and peace or anything else. 983 00:51:53,159 --> 00:51:55,789 There is just no profit there. 984 00:51:56,440 --> 00:51:57,638 There's an old saying... 985 00:51:57,639 --> 00:51:59,949 "Pass a law and create a business". 986 00:52:00,039 --> 00:52:02,598 Whether you are creating a business for a lawyer or whatever. 987 00:52:02,599 --> 00:52:04,919 So, crime does create... 988 00:52:04,920 --> 00:52:07,439 business just like destruction creates... 989 00:52:07,440 --> 00:52:08,879 business in Haiti. 990 00:52:08,880 --> 00:52:12,198 We have now roughly 2 million people incarcerated... 991 00:52:12,199 --> 00:52:13,518 in this country... 992 00:52:13,519 --> 00:52:16,118 and of those many are in prisons run... 993 00:52:16,119 --> 00:52:17,439 by private corporations: 994 00:52:17,440 --> 00:52:19,399 Corrections Corporation of America, Wackenhut... 995 00:52:19,400 --> 00:52:21,158 who trade their stock on Wall Street... 996 00:52:21,159 --> 00:52:24,118 based upon how many people are in jail. 997 00:52:24,119 --> 00:52:26,038 Now that's sickness. 998 00:52:26,039 --> 00:52:28,118 But that is a reflection of what... 999 00:52:28,119 --> 00:52:31,709 this economic paradigm calls for. 1000 00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:35,839 So what exactly does this economic paradigm call for? 1001 00:52:35,840 --> 00:52:39,279 What is it that keeps our economic system going? 1002 00:52:39,280 --> 00:52:40,799 Consumption. 1003 00:52:40,800 --> 00:52:44,270 Or more accurately... "Cyclical Consumption". 1004 00:52:44,280 --> 00:52:45,558 When we break down the... 1005 00:52:45,559 --> 00:52:47,799 foundation of classic market economics... 1006 00:52:47,800 --> 00:52:50,399 we are left with a pattern of monetary exchange... 1007 00:52:50,400 --> 00:52:52,638 that simply cannot be allowed to stop... 1008 00:52:52,639 --> 00:52:54,678 or even substantially slowed... 1009 00:52:54,679 --> 00:52:56,238 if the society as we know it... 1010 00:52:56,239 --> 00:52:58,359 is to remain operational. 1011 00:52:58,360 --> 00:53:01,198 There are three main actors on the economic stage: 1012 00:53:01,199 --> 00:53:03,198 The employee, the employer... 1013 00:53:03,199 --> 00:53:04,558 and the consumer. 1014 00:53:04,559 --> 00:53:07,959 The employee sells labor to the employer for income. 1015 00:53:07,960 --> 00:53:10,999 The employer sells its production services, and hence goods, 1016 00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,038 to the consumer for income... 1017 00:53:13,039 --> 00:53:15,638 and the consumer, of course, is simply another role... 1018 00:53:15,639 --> 00:53:17,759 of the employer and employee... 1019 00:53:17,760 --> 00:53:19,799 spending back into the system... 1020 00:53:19,800 --> 00:53:22,879 to enable the cyclical consumption to continue. 1021 00:53:22,880 --> 00:53:25,279 In other words, the global market system is based on... 1022 00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:27,598 the assumption that there will always be enough... 1023 00:53:27,599 --> 00:53:29,759 product demand in a society... 1024 00:53:29,760 --> 00:53:32,198 to move enough money around at a rate... 1025 00:53:32,199 --> 00:53:35,110 which can keep the consumption process going. 1026 00:53:35,119 --> 00:53:36,879 And the faster the rate of consumption... 1027 00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:39,479 the more so-called economic growth is assumed... 1028 00:53:39,480 --> 00:53:41,950 and so the machine goes... 1029 00:53:42,119 --> 00:53:43,959 But, hold on... 1030 00:53:43,960 --> 00:53:46,839 I thought an economy was meant to, I don't know... 1031 00:53:46,840 --> 00:53:48,518 "Economize"? 1032 00:53:48,519 --> 00:53:51,238 Doesn't the very term have to do with preservation... 1033 00:53:51,239 --> 00:53:54,749 and efficiency and a reduction of waste? 1034 00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:58,158 So how does our system, which demands consumption... 1035 00:53:58,159 --> 00:54:00,678 and the more the better, efficiently preserve... 1036 00:54:00,679 --> 00:54:02,749 or "Economize" at all? 1037 00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:04,869 Well... it doesn't. 1038 00:54:05,119 --> 00:54:08,959 The intent of the market system is, in fact, the exact opposite... 1039 00:54:08,960 --> 00:54:11,319 of what a real economy is supposed to do, 1040 00:54:11,320 --> 00:54:13,879 which is efficiently and conservatively orient... 1041 00:54:13,880 --> 00:54:15,959 the materials for production and distribution... 1042 00:54:15,960 --> 00:54:18,238 of life supporting goods. 1043 00:54:18,239 --> 00:54:21,078 We live on a finite planet, with finite resources... 1044 00:54:21,079 --> 00:54:23,359 where, for example, the oil we utilize took... 1045 00:54:23,360 --> 00:54:25,439 millions of years to develop... 1046 00:54:25,440 --> 00:54:29,470 where the minerals we use took billions of years to develop. 1047 00:54:29,599 --> 00:54:32,919 So... having a system that deliberately promotes... 1048 00:54:32,920 --> 00:54:35,078 the acceleration of consumption... 1049 00:54:35,079 --> 00:54:38,279 for the sake of so-called "Economic growth... 1050 00:54:38,280 --> 00:54:42,030 is pure ecocidal insanity. 1051 00:54:42,199 --> 00:54:45,150 Absence of waste, that's what efficiency is. 1052 00:54:45,199 --> 00:54:47,069 Absence of waste? 1053 00:54:47,079 --> 00:54:49,919 This system is more wasteful than all the other... 1054 00:54:49,920 --> 00:54:52,839 existing systems in the history of the planet. 1055 00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:55,598 Every level of life organization and life system... 1056 00:54:55,599 --> 00:54:58,078 is in a state of crisis and challenge... 1057 00:54:58,079 --> 00:55:00,439 and decay or collapse. 1058 00:55:00,440 --> 00:55:03,439 No peer-reviewed journal in the last 30 years... 1059 00:55:03,440 --> 00:55:05,518 will tell you anything different: 1060 00:55:05,519 --> 00:55:09,238 That is that every life system is in decline... 1061 00:55:09,239 --> 00:55:11,359 as well as social programs... 1062 00:55:11,360 --> 00:55:13,350 as well as our water access. 1063 00:55:13,639 --> 00:55:15,518 Try to name any means of life that... 1064 00:55:15,519 --> 00:55:17,399 isn't threatened and endangered... 1065 00:55:17,400 --> 00:55:18,558 You can't. 1066 00:55:18,559 --> 00:55:21,879 There really isn't one and that's very, very despairing. 1067 00:55:21,880 --> 00:55:24,759 But we haven't even figured out the causal mechanism. 1068 00:55:24,760 --> 00:55:26,879 We don't want to face the causal mechanism. 1069 00:55:26,880 --> 00:55:29,799 We just want to go on. You know that's where insanity is... 1070 00:55:29,800 --> 00:55:32,118 where you keep doing the same thing over and over again... 1071 00:55:32,119 --> 00:55:34,949 even though it clearly doesn't work. 1072 00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:37,269 So you're really... 1073 00:55:37,599 --> 00:55:39,638 dealing with not an economic system... 1074 00:55:39,639 --> 00:55:43,989 but I would go so far as to say an anti-economic system. 1075 00:55:47,400 --> 00:55:49,479 There is an old saying that the competitive... 1076 00:55:49,480 --> 00:55:51,439 market model seeks to... 1077 00:55:51,440 --> 00:55:55,390 "create the best possible goods at the lowest possible prices". 1078 00:55:55,679 --> 00:55:58,558 This statement is essentially the incentive concept... 1079 00:55:58,559 --> 00:56:00,999 which justifies market competition... 1080 00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:02,839 based on the assumption that the result... 1081 00:56:02,840 --> 00:56:06,150 is the production of higher quality goods. 1082 00:56:06,159 --> 00:56:09,110 If I was going to build myself a table from scratch... 1083 00:56:09,119 --> 00:56:11,479 I would naturally build it out of the best... 1084 00:56:11,480 --> 00:56:13,439 most durable materials possible, right? 1085 00:56:13,440 --> 00:56:16,550 With the intent for it to last as long as possible. 1086 00:56:16,559 --> 00:56:18,598 Why would I want to make something poor... 1087 00:56:18,599 --> 00:56:20,959 knowing I would have to eventually do it again... 1088 00:56:20,960 --> 00:56:24,269 and expend more materials and more energy? 1089 00:56:24,559 --> 00:56:28,038 Well, as rational as that may seem in the physical world... 1090 00:56:28,039 --> 00:56:29,839 when it comes to the market world... 1091 00:56:29,840 --> 00:56:32,399 it is not only explicitly irrational... 1092 00:56:32,400 --> 00:56:34,350 it is not even an option. 1093 00:56:34,400 --> 00:56:36,319 It is technically impossible to produce... 1094 00:56:36,320 --> 00:56:37,678 the best of anything... 1095 00:56:37,679 --> 00:56:40,518 if a company is to maintain a competitive edge... 1096 00:56:40,519 --> 00:56:43,238 and hence remain affordable to the consumer. 1097 00:56:43,239 --> 00:56:45,919 Literally everything created and set for sale... 1098 00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:48,959 in the global economy is immediately inferior... 1099 00:56:48,960 --> 00:56:50,718 the moment it is produced... 1100 00:56:50,719 --> 00:56:53,429 for it is a mathematical impossibility... 1101 00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:56,399 to make the most scientifically advanced, efficient... 1102 00:56:56,400 --> 00:56:59,070 and strategically sustainable products. 1103 00:56:59,119 --> 00:57:01,399 This is due to the fact that the market system... 1104 00:57:01,400 --> 00:57:03,879 requires that "cost efficiency"... 1105 00:57:03,880 --> 00:57:05,879 or the need to reduce expenses... 1106 00:57:05,880 --> 00:57:08,279 exists at every stage of production. 1107 00:57:08,280 --> 00:57:10,479 From the cost of labor, to the cost... 1108 00:57:10,480 --> 00:57:12,869 of materials and packaging and so on. 1109 00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:15,319 This competitive strategy, of course... 1110 00:57:15,320 --> 00:57:18,279 is to make sure the public buys their goods... 1111 00:57:18,280 --> 00:57:20,598 rather than from a competing producer... 1112 00:57:20,599 --> 00:57:22,799 which is doing the exact same thing... 1113 00:57:22,800 --> 00:57:26,550 to also make their goods both competitive and affordable. 1114 00:57:27,000 --> 00:57:30,279 This immutably wasteful consequence of the system... 1115 00:57:30,280 --> 00:57:34,118 could be termed: Intrinsic Obsolescence. 1116 00:57:34,119 --> 00:57:37,598 However, this is only one part of a larger problem: 1117 00:57:37,599 --> 00:57:40,638 A fundamental governing principle of market economics... 1118 00:57:40,639 --> 00:57:43,839 one you will not find in any textbook, by the way... 1119 00:57:43,840 --> 00:57:45,158 is the following: 1120 00:57:45,159 --> 00:57:48,078 "Nothing produced can be allowed to maintain a lifespan... 1121 00:57:48,079 --> 00:57:50,198 longer than what can be endured... 1122 00:57:50,199 --> 00:57:53,709 in order to continue cyclical consumption". 1123 00:57:53,760 --> 00:57:56,879 In other words, it is critical that stuff breakdown, 1124 00:57:56,880 --> 00:58:00,550 fail and expire within a certain amount of time. 1125 00:58:00,639 --> 00:58:03,909 This is termed... "Planned obsolescence". 1126 00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:07,518 Planned obsolesce is the backbone of the underlying market... 1127 00:58:07,519 --> 00:58:11,189 strategy of every goods producing corporation in existence. 1128 00:58:11,199 --> 00:58:12,638 While very few, of course... 1129 00:58:12,639 --> 00:58:14,879 would admit to such a strategy outright... 1130 00:58:14,880 --> 00:58:16,919 what they do is mask it within the... 1131 00:58:16,920 --> 00:58:20,238 Intrinsic Obsolescence phenomenon just discussed, 1132 00:58:20,239 --> 00:58:22,759 while often ignoring, or even suppressing... 1133 00:58:22,760 --> 00:58:24,558 new advents in technology... 1134 00:58:24,559 --> 00:58:28,550 which might create a more sustainable, durable good. 1135 00:58:28,599 --> 00:58:30,759 So, if it wasn't wasteful enough... 1136 00:58:30,760 --> 00:58:33,479 that the system inherently cannot allow the most... 1137 00:58:33,480 --> 00:58:36,390 durable and efficient goods to be produced, 1138 00:58:36,400 --> 00:58:38,359 Planned Obsolescence deliberately... 1139 00:58:38,360 --> 00:58:41,479 recognizes that the longer any good is in operation... 1140 00:58:41,480 --> 00:58:44,759 the worse it is for sustaining cyclical consumption... 1141 00:58:44,760 --> 00:58:47,430 and hence the market system itself. 1142 00:58:47,679 --> 00:58:50,158 In other words, product sustainability... 1143 00:58:50,159 --> 00:58:53,718 is actually inverse to economic growth... 1144 00:58:53,719 --> 00:58:57,158 and hence there is a direct, reinforced incentive... 1145 00:58:57,159 --> 00:58:59,118 to make sure life spans are short... 1146 00:58:59,119 --> 00:59:01,590 of any given good produced. 1147 00:59:01,679 --> 00:59:06,238 And, in fact, the system cannot operate any other way. 1148 00:59:06,239 --> 00:59:08,999 One glance at the sea of landfills now spreading across... 1149 00:59:09,000 --> 00:59:12,470 the world show the obsolescence reality. 1150 00:59:12,599 --> 00:59:15,319 There are now billions of cheaply made cell phones... 1151 00:59:15,320 --> 00:59:17,158 computers and other technology... 1152 00:59:17,159 --> 00:59:20,399 each full of precious, difficult to mine materials... 1153 00:59:20,400 --> 00:59:22,479 such as gold, coltan, copper... 1154 00:59:22,480 --> 00:59:24,678 now rotting in vast piles... 1155 00:59:24,679 --> 00:59:27,439 usually due to the mere malfunction or obsolescence... 1156 00:59:27,440 --> 00:59:31,359 of small parts which, in a conservative society... 1157 00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:33,399 could likely be fixed or updated... 1158 00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:35,678 and the life of the good extended. 1159 00:59:35,679 --> 00:59:38,198 Unfortunately, as efficient as that may seem... 1160 00:59:38,199 --> 00:59:40,638 in our physical reality, living on a... 1161 00:59:40,639 --> 00:59:43,078 finite planet with finite resources, 1162 00:59:43,079 --> 00:59:47,789 it is explicitly inefficient, with respect to the market. 1163 00:59:48,039 --> 00:59:49,439 To put into a phrase: 1164 00:59:49,440 --> 00:59:51,959 "Efficiency, Sustainability, and... 1165 00:59:51,960 --> 00:59:56,229 Preservation are the enemies of our economic system". 1166 00:59:56,280 --> 00:59:59,319 Likewise, just a physical goods need to be constantly... 1167 00:59:59,320 --> 01:00:00,919 produced and reproduced... 1168 01:00:00,920 --> 01:00:03,558 regardless of their environmental impact... 1169 01:00:03,559 --> 01:00:07,429 the service industry operates with an equal rational. 1170 01:00:07,639 --> 01:00:10,279 The fact is, there is no monetary benefit... 1171 01:00:10,280 --> 01:00:12,558 to resolving any problems... 1172 01:00:12,559 --> 01:00:14,678 which are currently being serviced. 1173 01:00:14,679 --> 01:00:15,999 At the end of the day... 1174 01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:19,038 the last thing the medical establishment really wants... 1175 01:00:19,039 --> 01:00:22,038 is the curing of diseases such as cancer... 1176 01:00:22,039 --> 01:00:26,709 which would eliminate countless jobs and trillions in revenue. 1177 01:00:27,159 --> 01:00:28,598 And since we are on the subject... 1178 01:00:28,599 --> 01:00:32,319 Crime and Terrorism in this system are good! 1179 01:00:32,320 --> 01:00:34,319 Well, at least economically... 1180 01:00:34,320 --> 01:00:36,038 for it is employing police... 1181 01:00:36,039 --> 01:00:38,839 generating hi-value commodities for security... 1182 01:00:38,840 --> 01:00:40,759 not to mention the value of prisons... 1183 01:00:40,760 --> 01:00:43,710 that are privately owned... for profit. 1184 01:00:43,920 --> 01:00:45,518 And how about war? 1185 01:00:45,519 --> 01:00:49,439 The war industry in America is a huge driver of GDP... 1186 01:00:49,440 --> 01:00:51,839 one of the most profitable industries... 1187 01:00:51,840 --> 01:00:55,238 producing weapons of death and destruction. 1188 01:00:55,239 --> 01:00:58,429 The favorite game of this industry is to blow things up... 1189 01:00:58,440 --> 01:01:01,078 and then can go and rebuild them, for profit. 1190 01:01:01,079 --> 01:01:03,638 We saw this with the windfall billion dollar... 1191 01:01:03,639 --> 01:01:06,509 contracts made from the Iraq war. 1192 01:01:06,840 --> 01:01:09,118 The bottom line is that socially negative... 1193 01:01:09,119 --> 01:01:10,759 attributes of society... 1194 01:01:10,760 --> 01:01:14,158 have become positively rewarded ventures for industry... 1195 01:01:14,159 --> 01:01:16,959 and any interest in problem resolution... 1196 01:01:16,960 --> 01:01:20,390 or environmental sustainability and conservation... 1197 01:01:20,400 --> 01:01:25,310 is intrinsically counter to economic sustainability. 1198 01:01:25,599 --> 01:01:27,279 And this is why 1199 01:01:27,280 --> 01:01:30,638 every time you see the GDP rise in any country... 1200 01:01:30,639 --> 01:01:33,399 you are witnessing an increase in necessity... 1201 01:01:33,400 --> 01:01:35,439 whether real or contrived... 1202 01:01:35,440 --> 01:01:39,399 and by definition, a necessity is rooted in inefficiency. 1203 01:01:39,400 --> 01:01:44,150 Hence, increased necessity means increased inefficiency. 1204 01:01:44,840 --> 01:01:47,189 [Value System Disorder] 1205 01:01:47,599 --> 01:01:49,479 The American dream is based on... 1206 01:01:49,480 --> 01:01:50,879 the rampant consumerism. 1207 01:01:50,880 --> 01:01:53,238 It is based upon the fact that... 1208 01:01:53,239 --> 01:01:54,799 mainstream media and... 1209 01:01:54,800 --> 01:01:56,879 especially commercial advertising... 1210 01:01:56,880 --> 01:02:00,078 all corporations who need this infinite growth... 1211 01:02:00,079 --> 01:02:02,638 have convinced us or brainwashed... 1212 01:02:02,639 --> 01:02:05,999 most people in America and the world... 1213 01:02:06,000 --> 01:02:08,959 that we have to have X number of material possessions... 1214 01:02:08,960 --> 01:02:11,359 and the possibility of gaining infinitely more... 1215 01:02:11,360 --> 01:02:13,990 material possessions, in order to be happy. 1216 01:02:14,039 --> 01:02:15,759 That's just not true. 1217 01:02:15,760 --> 01:02:19,598 So why do people continue to buy in this way... 1218 01:02:19,599 --> 01:02:22,038 which is ultimately eco-genocidal... 1219 01:02:22,039 --> 01:02:24,919 in its systemic effects cumulatively? 1220 01:02:24,920 --> 01:02:27,799 And it just is classical operant conditioning. 1221 01:02:27,800 --> 01:02:32,198 You simply put inputs of conditioning into the organism... 1222 01:02:32,199 --> 01:02:35,678 and you have outputs of desired behaviors... 1223 01:02:35,679 --> 01:02:38,038 or goals or objectives. 1224 01:02:38,039 --> 01:02:41,279 And it has all the resources of technology... 1225 01:02:41,280 --> 01:02:42,558 and they boast about how they... 1226 01:02:42,559 --> 01:02:44,319 get into the minds of infants... 1227 01:02:44,320 --> 01:02:47,479 what they hear is already making them... 1228 01:02:47,480 --> 01:02:49,359 conditioned to the brand. 1229 01:02:49,360 --> 01:02:51,718 Then you see, that's how... 1230 01:02:51,719 --> 01:02:52,959 people have been such fools. 1231 01:02:52,960 --> 01:02:55,279 They have been taught to be fools. 1232 01:02:55,280 --> 01:02:58,669 It's a value system disorder. 1233 01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:02,198 You know, if there is any testament to the plasticity... 1234 01:03:02,199 --> 01:03:03,479 of the human mind. 1235 01:03:03,480 --> 01:03:05,558 If there is any proof to how malleable... 1236 01:03:05,559 --> 01:03:07,558 human thought is and how easily... 1237 01:03:07,559 --> 01:03:10,038 conditioned and guided people can become... 1238 01:03:10,039 --> 01:03:12,669 based on the nature of their environmental stimulus... 1239 01:03:12,679 --> 01:03:14,669 and what it reinforces: 1240 01:03:14,679 --> 01:03:18,110 The world of commercial advertising is the proof. 1241 01:03:18,400 --> 01:03:21,118 You have to stand in awe... 1242 01:03:21,119 --> 01:03:23,518 at the level of brainwashing... 1243 01:03:23,519 --> 01:03:27,558 where these programmed robots known as "consumers"... 1244 01:03:27,559 --> 01:03:29,359 wander the landscape... 1245 01:03:29,360 --> 01:03:32,759 only to walk into a store and spend, say... 1246 01:03:32,760 --> 01:03:35,558 4000 dollars on a handbag... 1247 01:03:35,559 --> 01:03:37,879 that likely cost 10 dollars to make 1248 01:03:37,880 --> 01:03:40,038 in a sweatshop overseas. 1249 01:03:40,039 --> 01:03:42,919 Only for the brand status it supposedly... 1250 01:03:42,920 --> 01:03:45,799 represents in the culture. 1251 01:03:45,800 --> 01:03:48,479 Or perhaps the ancient communal traditions... 1252 01:03:48,480 --> 01:03:52,038 which increase trust and cohesiveness in society... 1253 01:03:52,039 --> 01:03:54,558 which have now been hijacked by acquisitive... 1254 01:03:54,559 --> 01:03:57,359 materialistic values where now we annually... 1255 01:03:57,360 --> 01:04:01,229 exchange useless crap a few times a year. 1256 01:04:01,239 --> 01:04:03,558 And we might wonder why so many today have a... 1257 01:04:03,559 --> 01:04:06,070 compulsion to shopping and acquisition... 1258 01:04:06,079 --> 01:04:09,279 when it is clear that they have conditioned from childhood... 1259 01:04:09,280 --> 01:04:11,158 to expect material goods... 1260 01:04:11,159 --> 01:04:14,989 as a sign of their status with friends and family. 1261 01:04:15,079 --> 01:04:17,999 The fact is, the foundation of any society... 1262 01:04:18,000 --> 01:04:20,319 are the values that support its operation... 1263 01:04:20,320 --> 01:04:22,759 and our society, as it exists... 1264 01:04:22,760 --> 01:04:25,439 can only operate if our values support... 1265 01:04:25,440 --> 01:04:27,959 the conspicuous consumption it... 1266 01:04:27,960 --> 01:04:31,229 requires to continue the market system. 1267 01:04:31,400 --> 01:04:34,439 75 years ago consumption in America... 1268 01:04:34,440 --> 01:04:36,558 and much of the 1st world was half... 1269 01:04:36,559 --> 01:04:38,598 of what we see today, per person. 1270 01:04:38,599 --> 01:04:40,718 Today's new consumer culture... 1271 01:04:40,719 --> 01:04:43,158 has been manufactured and imposed... 1272 01:04:43,159 --> 01:04:45,598 due to the very real need for higher... 1273 01:04:45,599 --> 01:04:48,269 and higher levels of consumption. 1274 01:04:48,440 --> 01:04:51,518 And this is why most corporations now spend... 1275 01:04:51,519 --> 01:04:55,118 more money on advertising, than the actual process... 1276 01:04:55,119 --> 01:04:57,238 of product creation itself. 1277 01:04:57,239 --> 01:05:01,518 They work diligently to create a false need for you to fill. 1278 01:05:01,519 --> 01:05:04,909 And it happens to work. 1279 01:05:07,719 --> 01:05:11,638 You know economists, in fact, are not economists at all. 1280 01:05:11,639 --> 01:05:13,959 They're propagandists of money value... 1281 01:05:13,960 --> 01:05:16,078 and you will find that all of their... 1282 01:05:16,079 --> 01:05:18,349 models basically get down to token... 1283 01:05:18,400 --> 01:05:21,590 exchanges that are true to profit... 1284 01:05:21,639 --> 01:05:23,919 of one side or both sides or whatever... 1285 01:05:23,920 --> 01:05:26,279 but they are completely disconnected from the actually... 1286 01:05:26,280 --> 01:05:28,439 existing world of reproduction. 1287 01:05:28,440 --> 01:05:32,479 In Ohio, an old man failed to pay his electric bill... 1288 01:05:32,480 --> 01:05:34,718 you may be familiar with the case... 1289 01:05:34,719 --> 01:05:38,238 and the electric company turned off the electricity and he died. 1290 01:05:38,239 --> 01:05:39,558 The reason they turned it off was... 1291 01:05:39,559 --> 01:05:41,279 because it wouldn't have been profitable... 1292 01:05:41,280 --> 01:05:44,550 for them to keep it on because he didn't pay his bill. 1293 01:05:44,559 --> 01:05:46,269 Do you believe that was right? 1294 01:05:46,280 --> 01:05:48,078 The responsibility really lies not on... 1295 01:05:48,079 --> 01:05:50,510 the electric company for turning it off... 1296 01:05:50,559 --> 01:05:53,839 but on those of this man's neighbors and friends... 1297 01:05:53,840 --> 01:05:55,238 and associates... 1298 01:05:55,239 --> 01:05:56,879 who were not charitable enough... 1299 01:05:56,880 --> 01:05:58,709 to enable him, as an individual... 1300 01:05:58,840 --> 01:06:00,999 to meet the electric bill. 1301 01:06:01,000 --> 01:06:02,678 HMMMMMM... 1302 01:06:02,679 --> 01:06:04,279 Did I hear that right? 1303 01:06:04,280 --> 01:06:06,198 Did he just say the death of a man... 1304 01:06:06,199 --> 01:06:07,709 caused by not having money... 1305 01:06:07,719 --> 01:06:09,439 was the responsibility of... 1306 01:06:09,440 --> 01:06:11,279 other people... 1307 01:06:11,280 --> 01:06:13,230 or, in effect, charity? 1308 01:06:13,679 --> 01:06:15,279 Well then, I guess we're gonna need... 1309 01:06:15,280 --> 01:06:18,270 a whole lot of infomercials, little miserable... 1310 01:06:18,280 --> 01:06:21,750 coin slot donations for bodega counters... 1311 01:06:21,760 --> 01:06:23,598 and a bunch of pickle jars... 1312 01:06:23,599 --> 01:06:26,399 for the billion people now starving to death... 1313 01:06:26,400 --> 01:06:27,879 on this planet... 1314 01:06:27,880 --> 01:06:32,350 because of the very system Milton Friedman promotes. 1315 01:06:32,679 --> 01:06:34,999 Whether you are dealing with the philosophies of... 1316 01:06:35,000 --> 01:06:36,839 Milton Friedman, F.A. Hyack... 1317 01:06:36,840 --> 01:06:39,439 John Maynard Keynes, Ludwig von Mises... 1318 01:06:39,440 --> 01:06:41,919 or any other major market economist... 1319 01:06:41,920 --> 01:06:43,479 the basis of rationale... 1320 01:06:43,480 --> 01:06:46,150 rarely leaves the money sequence. 1321 01:06:46,199 --> 01:06:47,718 It is like a religion. 1322 01:06:47,719 --> 01:06:50,439 Consumption analysis, stabilization policies 1323 01:06:50,440 --> 01:06:53,110 deficit spending, aggregate demand... 1324 01:06:53,119 --> 01:06:55,959 it exists as a never ending, self-referring... 1325 01:06:55,960 --> 01:06:59,279 self-rationalizing circle of discourse... 1326 01:06:59,280 --> 01:07:03,279 where universal human need, natural resources... 1327 01:07:03,280 --> 01:07:06,718 and any form of physical life supporting efficiency... 1328 01:07:06,719 --> 01:07:08,879 is ruled out by default... 1329 01:07:08,880 --> 01:07:11,598 and replaced by the singular notion that humans... 1330 01:07:11,599 --> 01:07:14,349 seeking advantage over each other for money alone... 1331 01:07:14,440 --> 01:07:17,390 motivated by their own, narrow self-interest... 1332 01:07:17,719 --> 01:07:22,150 will magically create a sustainable, healthy, balanced society. 1333 01:07:22,159 --> 01:07:25,359 There is no life coordinate in this whole theory... 1334 01:07:25,360 --> 01:07:26,518 this whole doctrine. 1335 01:07:26,519 --> 01:07:28,229 What are they doing? 1336 01:07:28,400 --> 01:07:31,959 What they are doing is tracking the money sequences. 1337 01:07:31,960 --> 01:07:35,319 That's all it is, is tracking money sequences 1338 01:07:35,320 --> 01:07:38,638 presupposing everything that matters. 1339 01:07:38,639 --> 01:07:41,238 One: There is no life coordinates... 1340 01:07:41,239 --> 01:07:43,479 whoa... no life coordinates! 1341 01:07:43,480 --> 01:07:45,799 Two: That all the agents are... 1342 01:07:45,800 --> 01:07:48,870 self-maximizing preferences seekers. 1343 01:07:49,039 --> 01:07:51,359 That is, they think of nothing other than themselves... 1344 01:07:51,360 --> 01:07:53,359 and what they can get most for themselves. 1345 01:07:53,360 --> 01:07:57,479 That's the ruling notion of rationality: 1346 01:07:57,480 --> 01:07:59,390 self-maximizing choice... 1347 01:07:59,519 --> 01:08:02,950 and the only thing that they are interested in self-maximizing... 1348 01:08:03,000 --> 01:08:05,269 is money or commodities. 1349 01:08:05,320 --> 01:08:07,718 Well, where does social relations come in? 1350 01:08:07,719 --> 01:08:11,189 It doesn't, except in the exchange to self-maximize. 1351 01:08:11,239 --> 01:08:13,759 Where do our natural resources come in? 1352 01:08:13,760 --> 01:08:16,839 They don't, except to exploit. 1353 01:08:16,840 --> 01:08:21,559 Where does the family come in as being able to survive? 1354 01:08:21,560 --> 01:08:23,839 It doesn't. They have to have... 1355 01:08:23,840 --> 01:08:26,710 money in order to purchase any good. 1356 01:08:26,760 --> 01:08:28,238 Well, shouldn't an economy... 1357 01:08:28,239 --> 01:08:29,959 deal somewhere with human need? 1358 01:08:29,960 --> 01:08:34,710 Isn't that what the fundamental issue is? 1359 01:08:35,199 --> 01:08:38,238 Oh, "need" isn't even in your lexicon. 1360 01:08:38,239 --> 01:08:41,429 You dissolve it into "wants"... 1361 01:08:41,439 --> 01:08:43,038 and what is a want? That means... 1362 01:08:43,039 --> 01:08:45,750 money demand that wants to buy. 1363 01:08:45,800 --> 01:08:48,398 Well, if it's money demand that wants to buy... 1364 01:08:48,399 --> 01:08:49,919 it has nothing to do with need... 1365 01:08:49,920 --> 01:08:52,078 because maybe the person has no money demand... 1366 01:08:52,079 --> 01:08:55,189 and desperately needs, say, water supply. 1367 01:08:55,199 --> 01:08:58,919 Or, it may be money demand wants a gold toilet seat. 1368 01:08:58,920 --> 01:09:00,519 Well, where does it all go? 1369 01:09:00,520 --> 01:09:02,230 To the gold toilet seat. 1370 01:09:02,239 --> 01:09:03,999 And you call this economics? 1371 01:09:04,000 --> 01:09:06,559 Really, when one thinks of it... 1372 01:09:06,560 --> 01:09:09,719 it's got to be the most bizarre... 1373 01:09:09,720 --> 01:09:13,110 delusion in the history of human thought. 1374 01:09:16,279 --> 01:09:20,038 Now... so far we have focused on the market system. 1375 01:09:20,039 --> 01:09:22,318 But this system is actually only... 1376 01:09:22,319 --> 01:09:24,919 half of the global economic paradigm. 1377 01:09:24,920 --> 01:09:28,189 The other half is the "Monetary System". 1378 01:09:28,279 --> 01:09:31,389 While the Market System deals with the interaction of people... 1379 01:09:31,439 --> 01:09:34,478 gaming for profit across the spectrum of labor... 1380 01:09:34,479 --> 01:09:36,438 production and distribution... 1381 01:09:36,439 --> 01:09:39,919 the Monetary System is an underlying set of policies... 1382 01:09:39,920 --> 01:09:41,879 set by financial institutions... 1383 01:09:41,880 --> 01:09:43,839 which create conditions for the... 1384 01:09:43,840 --> 01:09:46,070 market system, among other things. 1385 01:09:46,079 --> 01:09:48,879 It includes terms we often hear... 1386 01:09:48,880 --> 01:09:51,999 such as interest rates, loans, debt, the money supply... 1387 01:09:52,000 --> 01:09:54,670 inflation, etc. 1388 01:09:54,760 --> 01:09:57,038 And while you might want to pull your hair out listening... 1389 01:09:57,039 --> 01:09:59,959 to the gibberish coming from the monetary economists: 1390 01:09:59,960 --> 01:10:04,118 "Modest preemptive actions, can obviate the need... 1391 01:10:04,119 --> 01:10:07,959 of more drastic actions, at a later date". 1392 01:10:07,960 --> 01:10:10,030 the nature and effect of this... 1393 01:10:10,119 --> 01:10:12,269 system is actually quite simple: 1394 01:10:12,520 --> 01:10:14,198 Our economy has... 1395 01:10:14,199 --> 01:10:16,278 or the global economy has... 1396 01:10:16,279 --> 01:10:17,839 three basic things that govern it. 1397 01:10:17,840 --> 01:10:19,398 One is fractional reserve banking... 1398 01:10:19,399 --> 01:10:21,879 the banks printing money out of nothing. 1399 01:10:21,880 --> 01:10:24,318 It's also based upon compound interest. 1400 01:10:24,319 --> 01:10:27,318 When you borrow money, you have to pay back more... 1401 01:10:27,319 --> 01:10:29,959 than you borrowed, which means that you, in effect... 1402 01:10:29,960 --> 01:10:32,759 create money out of thin air... 1403 01:10:32,760 --> 01:10:36,670 again, which has to be serviced by creating still more money. 1404 01:10:36,760 --> 01:10:38,999 We live in an infinite growth paradigm. 1405 01:10:39,000 --> 01:10:42,759 The economic paradigm we live in now is a Ponzi scheme. 1406 01:10:42,760 --> 01:10:45,559 Nothing grows forever. 1407 01:10:45,560 --> 01:10:46,679 It's not possible. 1408 01:10:46,680 --> 01:10:49,398 As a great psychologist James Hillman wrote... 1409 01:10:49,399 --> 01:10:51,318 "The only thing that grows in the human body after... 1410 01:10:51,319 --> 01:10:53,559 a certain age is cancer". 1411 01:10:53,560 --> 01:10:56,078 It's not just the amount of money that has to keep growing... 1412 01:10:56,079 --> 01:10:57,478 it's the amount of consumers. 1413 01:10:57,479 --> 01:10:59,599 Consumers to borrow money at interest... 1414 01:10:59,600 --> 01:11:02,759 to generate more money and obviously, that's not possible... 1415 01:11:02,760 --> 01:11:04,639 on a finite planet. 1416 01:11:04,640 --> 01:11:08,398 People are basically vehicles to just create money... 1417 01:11:08,399 --> 01:11:10,110 which must create more money... 1418 01:11:10,319 --> 01:11:12,198 to keep the whole thing from falling apart... 1419 01:11:12,199 --> 01:11:14,870 which is what's happening right now. 1420 01:11:15,199 --> 01:11:17,879 There are really only two things anyone needs to know... 1421 01:11:17,880 --> 01:11:20,189 about the monetary system: 1422 01:11:20,239 --> 01:11:23,478 1: All money is created out of debt. 1423 01:11:23,479 --> 01:11:25,709 Money is monetized debt... 1424 01:11:25,720 --> 01:11:28,238 whether it materialized from treasury bonds... 1425 01:11:28,239 --> 01:11:31,110 home loan contracts or credit cards. 1426 01:11:31,119 --> 01:11:33,278 In other words, if all outstanding debt... 1427 01:11:33,279 --> 01:11:35,278 was to be repaid right now... 1428 01:11:35,279 --> 01:11:38,639 there would not be one dollar in circulation. 1429 01:11:38,640 --> 01:11:43,710 And 2: Interest is charged on virtually all loans made... 1430 01:11:43,720 --> 01:11:46,238 and the money needed to pay back this interest... 1431 01:11:46,239 --> 01:11:49,398 does not exist in the money supply outright. 1432 01:11:49,399 --> 01:11:52,118 Only the principal is created by the loans... 1433 01:11:52,119 --> 01:11:54,799 and the principal is the money supply. 1434 01:11:54,800 --> 01:11:57,679 So, if all this debt was to be repaid right now... 1435 01:11:57,680 --> 01:12:00,879 not only would there not be one dollar left in circulation... 1436 01:12:00,880 --> 01:12:04,519 there would be a gigantic amount of money owed... 1437 01:12:04,520 --> 01:12:09,790 that is literally impossible to pay back, for it does not exist. 1438 01:12:10,640 --> 01:12:14,839 The consequence of all of this is that two things are inevitable: 1439 01:12:14,840 --> 01:12:16,038 Inflation... 1440 01:12:16,039 --> 01:12:18,030 and Bankruptcy. 1441 01:12:18,119 --> 01:12:21,639 As far as inflation, this can be seen as a historical trend... 1442 01:12:21,640 --> 01:12:23,478 in virtually every country today... 1443 01:12:23,479 --> 01:12:25,358 and easily tied to its cause... 1444 01:12:25,359 --> 01:12:28,389 which is the perpetual increase of the money supply... 1445 01:12:28,520 --> 01:12:29,719 which is required... 1446 01:12:29,720 --> 01:12:33,990 to cover the interest charges and keep the system going. 1447 01:12:34,239 --> 01:12:35,679 As far as Bankruptcy... 1448 01:12:35,680 --> 01:12:39,150 it comes in the form of debt collapse. 1449 01:12:39,239 --> 01:12:42,238 This collapse will inevitably occur with a person... 1450 01:12:42,239 --> 01:12:44,158 a business or a country... 1451 01:12:44,159 --> 01:12:46,799 and typically happens when the interest payments... 1452 01:12:46,800 --> 01:12:49,189 are no longer possible to make. 1453 01:12:50,279 --> 01:12:52,238 But there is a bright side to all of this... 1454 01:12:52,239 --> 01:12:55,999 well, at least in terms of the market system... 1455 01:12:56,000 --> 01:12:58,959 Because debt creates pressure... 1456 01:12:58,960 --> 01:13:01,278 Debt creates wage slaves. 1457 01:13:01,279 --> 01:13:04,118 A person in debt is much more likely to take a low wage... 1458 01:13:04,119 --> 01:13:05,639 than a person who isn't... 1459 01:13:05,640 --> 01:13:08,278 hence becoming a cheap commodity... 1460 01:13:08,279 --> 01:13:10,679 so it's great for corporations to have a pool of people... 1461 01:13:10,680 --> 01:13:13,750 that have no financial mobility. 1462 01:13:13,920 --> 01:13:18,038 But, hey... that same drain of thought also goes for entire countries... 1463 01:13:18,039 --> 01:13:20,999 the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund... 1464 01:13:21,000 --> 01:13:23,238 which mostly serve as proxies for... 1465 01:13:23,239 --> 01:13:25,519 transnational corporate interests... 1466 01:13:25,520 --> 01:13:27,999 give gigantic loans to troubled countries... 1467 01:13:28,000 --> 01:13:29,879 at very high interest rates... 1468 01:13:29,880 --> 01:13:31,879 and then, once the countries are... 1469 01:13:31,880 --> 01:13:33,919 deeply in the hole and can't pay... 1470 01:13:33,920 --> 01:13:35,799 austerity measures are applied... 1471 01:13:35,800 --> 01:13:37,559 the corporations swoop in... 1472 01:13:37,560 --> 01:13:41,470 set up sweatshops and take their natural resources. 1473 01:13:41,479 --> 01:13:44,829 Now that's market efficiency. 1474 01:13:45,000 --> 01:13:46,870 But wait, there's more: 1475 01:13:46,880 --> 01:13:48,438 You see, there's this unique... 1476 01:13:48,439 --> 01:13:50,799 hybrid of the monetary and market system... 1477 01:13:50,800 --> 01:13:52,719 called the stock market... 1478 01:13:52,720 --> 01:13:56,318 which rather than, you know, actually produce anything real... 1479 01:13:56,319 --> 01:13:59,389 they just buy and sell money itself. 1480 01:13:59,720 --> 01:14:02,358 And when it comes to debt, you know what they do? 1481 01:14:02,359 --> 01:14:05,038 That's right, they trade it. 1482 01:14:05,039 --> 01:14:09,038 They actually buy and sell debt for profit. 1483 01:14:09,039 --> 01:14:10,799 From credit default swaps... 1484 01:14:10,800 --> 01:14:14,118 and collateralized debt obligations for consumer debt... 1485 01:14:14,119 --> 01:14:16,438 to complex derivative schemes used... 1486 01:14:16,439 --> 01:14:19,029 to mask the debt of entire countries... 1487 01:14:19,039 --> 01:14:20,118 such as the collusion of... 1488 01:14:20,119 --> 01:14:22,879 investment bank Goldman Sachs and Greece... 1489 01:14:22,880 --> 01:14:26,478 which nearly collapsed the entire European economy. 1490 01:14:26,479 --> 01:14:29,389 So when it comes to the stock market and Wall Street 1491 01:14:29,399 --> 01:14:32,438 we have an entirely new level of insanity... 1492 01:14:32,439 --> 01:14:35,589 born out of the Money Sequence of value. 1493 01:14:35,720 --> 01:14:37,358 All you need to know about markets... 1494 01:14:37,359 --> 01:14:40,559 was written in an editorial in the Wall Street Journal... 1495 01:14:40,560 --> 01:14:41,719 a couple years ago... 1496 01:14:41,720 --> 01:14:45,238 it was called 'Lessons of the Brain-Damaged Investor". 1497 01:14:45,239 --> 01:14:48,278 And in this editorial, they explained why... 1498 01:14:48,279 --> 01:14:50,078 people with slight brain damage... 1499 01:14:50,079 --> 01:14:52,078 do better as investors... 1500 01:14:52,079 --> 01:14:54,799 than people with normal brain functionality. 1501 01:14:54,800 --> 01:14:56,679 Why? Because the slightly... 1502 01:14:56,680 --> 01:14:59,238 brain-damaged person has no empathy. 1503 01:14:59,239 --> 01:15:02,189 That's the key. If you don't have any empathy... 1504 01:15:02,199 --> 01:15:04,198 you do well as an investor... 1505 01:15:04,199 --> 01:15:09,118 and so Wall Street breeds people who have no empathy. 1506 01:15:09,119 --> 01:15:11,478 To go in there and to make decisions... 1507 01:15:11,479 --> 01:15:14,398 and to make trades they have no compunction about... 1508 01:15:14,399 --> 01:15:17,158 no thought whatsoever as to how what they are doing... 1509 01:15:17,159 --> 01:15:19,070 might affect their fellow human being. 1510 01:15:19,119 --> 01:15:21,478 So they breed these robots. 1511 01:15:21,479 --> 01:15:24,398 These people who have no souls... 1512 01:15:24,399 --> 01:15:27,118 and since they don't even want to pay these people anymore... 1513 01:15:27,119 --> 01:15:29,318 they are now breeding robots... "real robots"... 1514 01:15:29,319 --> 01:15:31,118 real algorithmic traders. 1515 01:15:31,119 --> 01:15:33,709 Goldman Sachs in the high frequency trading scandal: 1516 01:15:33,720 --> 01:15:37,519 They put a computer next to the New York Stock Exchange. 1517 01:15:37,520 --> 01:15:40,559 This computer, this "co-located" computer, as they call it: 1518 01:15:40,560 --> 01:15:42,959 It front-runs all the trades on the exchange and... 1519 01:15:42,960 --> 01:15:45,879 hits the exchange with volumes of orders... 1520 01:15:45,880 --> 01:15:47,398 in ways that "scalp"... 1521 01:15:47,399 --> 01:15:49,519 pennies and nickels away from the exchange. 1522 01:15:49,520 --> 01:15:52,038 It's like they're siphoning money all day long. 1523 01:15:52,039 --> 01:15:54,759 They went one quarter last year, 30... 1524 01:15:54,760 --> 01:15:57,719 or 60 straight days without a single down day... 1525 01:15:57,720 --> 01:16:00,238 and made millions of dollars every single day? 1526 01:16:00,239 --> 01:16:04,189 That statistically impossible! 1527 01:16:04,199 --> 01:16:06,118 When I worked on Wall Street, the way it works is... 1528 01:16:06,119 --> 01:16:08,038 everyone kicks upstairs to bribes. 1529 01:16:08,039 --> 01:16:11,919 The brokers bribe to the office manager... 1530 01:16:11,920 --> 01:16:15,318 the office manager bribes to the regional sales manager. 1531 01:16:15,319 --> 01:16:16,839 The regional sales manager... 1532 01:16:16,840 --> 01:16:18,919 bribes to the national sales manager. 1533 01:16:18,920 --> 01:16:20,478 It's a common understanding. 1534 01:16:20,479 --> 01:16:23,559 At Christmas, who gets the biggest bonus at Christmas... 1535 01:16:23,560 --> 01:16:26,438 in an average broker job? The compliance officer. 1536 01:16:26,439 --> 01:16:28,759 The compliance officer sits there all day long, 1537 01:16:28,760 --> 01:16:30,278 he's supposed to be making sure you... 1538 01:16:30,279 --> 01:16:31,959 don't violate any of the margin rules... 1539 01:16:31,960 --> 01:16:34,078 and you're "complying" with the law. 1540 01:16:34,079 --> 01:16:36,478 Of course, yeah, to the extent that... 1541 01:16:36,479 --> 01:16:38,398 you can bribe the compliance officer... 1542 01:16:38,399 --> 01:16:40,709 yeah, that's right, you are complying with the law! 1543 01:16:40,880 --> 01:16:43,269 So how has fraud become the system? 1544 01:16:43,279 --> 01:16:44,959 It's no longer a byproduct. 1545 01:16:44,960 --> 01:16:46,358 It is the system. 1546 01:16:46,359 --> 01:16:49,158 It's like that old Woody Allen joke. He says: 1547 01:16:49,159 --> 01:16:51,709 "Doctor, my brother thinks he's a chicken". 1548 01:16:51,720 --> 01:16:53,639 And the doctor says, "Take a pill... 1549 01:16:53,640 --> 01:16:55,559 and that should cure the problem". 1550 01:16:55,560 --> 01:16:57,278 And he says, "No doctor. You don't understand... 1551 01:16:57,279 --> 01:16:58,950 We need the eggs". 1552 01:16:59,000 --> 01:17:00,629 Okay? 1553 01:17:00,920 --> 01:17:03,318 So, the trading of fraudulent claims back and forth... 1554 01:17:03,319 --> 01:17:05,038 between banks... 1555 01:17:05,039 --> 01:17:06,358 to generate fees... 1556 01:17:06,359 --> 01:17:07,478 to generate bonuses... 1557 01:17:07,479 --> 01:17:11,198 has become the GDP producing growth... 1558 01:17:11,199 --> 01:17:14,158 engine of the United States economy... 1559 01:17:14,159 --> 01:17:17,198 even though they are essentially trading fraudulent claims... 1560 01:17:17,199 --> 01:17:19,719 that there is absolutely no hope of ever paying back. 1561 01:17:19,720 --> 01:17:22,919 They are processing, generating and re-securitizing nothing. 1562 01:17:22,920 --> 01:17:25,759 If I write 20 billion dollars on a cocktail napkin... 1563 01:17:25,760 --> 01:17:28,599 and I sell it to J.P. Morgan and J.P. Morgan writes... 1564 01:17:28,600 --> 01:17:31,519 20 billion dollars on a cocktail napkin 1565 01:17:31,520 --> 01:17:34,118 and we swap those 2 cocktail napkins at a bar... 1566 01:17:34,119 --> 01:17:37,709 and we each pay ourselves a quarter of 1% in a fee... 1567 01:17:37,760 --> 01:17:39,870 we make a lot of money for our Christmas bonus. 1568 01:17:39,880 --> 01:17:43,389 We each have on our books a 20 billion dollar cocktail napkin... 1569 01:17:43,399 --> 01:17:47,158 which has no real value until such time as... 1570 01:17:47,159 --> 01:17:50,118 the system is no longer able to absorb bogus... 1571 01:17:50,119 --> 01:17:52,799 cocktail napkins in which case we go to the government... 1572 01:17:52,800 --> 01:17:54,830 to get bailed out. 1573 01:17:55,000 --> 01:17:57,759 And because of Wall street and the global stock market... 1574 01:17:57,760 --> 01:18:01,318 there are now conservatively about 700 Trillion dollars... 1575 01:18:01,319 --> 01:18:03,869 of outstanding fraudulent claims... 1576 01:18:03,880 --> 01:18:05,639 know as derivatives... 1577 01:18:05,640 --> 01:18:07,910 still waiting to collapse. 1578 01:18:07,960 --> 01:18:09,679 A value amounting to over 10... 1579 01:18:09,680 --> 01:18:11,719 times the gross domestic product... 1580 01:18:11,720 --> 01:18:14,070 of the entire planet. 1581 01:18:14,159 --> 01:18:16,078 And while we have seen the bailouts of... 1582 01:18:16,079 --> 01:18:18,229 corporations and banks by governments... 1583 01:18:18,680 --> 01:18:20,519 which, of course, comically borrow... 1584 01:18:20,520 --> 01:18:22,630 their money from banks to begin with. 1585 01:18:22,720 --> 01:18:25,679 We are now seeing attempts to bailout whole countries... 1586 01:18:25,680 --> 01:18:27,959 by conglomerates of other countries... 1587 01:18:27,960 --> 01:18:30,549 through the International banks. 1588 01:18:30,720 --> 01:18:33,910 But how do you bailout a planet? 1589 01:18:34,199 --> 01:18:38,549 There is no country out there that isn't now saturated in debt. 1590 01:18:38,600 --> 01:18:41,639 The cascade of sovereign debt defaults we have seen... 1591 01:18:41,640 --> 01:18:45,710 can only be the beginning, when the math is taken into account. 1592 01:18:46,159 --> 01:18:49,150 It has been estimated in the United States alone... 1593 01:18:49,279 --> 01:18:52,959 that income tax would need to be raised to 65%... 1594 01:18:52,960 --> 01:18:57,150 per person just to cover the interest in the near future. 1595 01:18:57,439 --> 01:19:00,559 Economists are now foreshadowing that within a few decades... 1596 01:19:00,560 --> 01:19:05,430 60% of the countries on the planet will be bankrupt. 1597 01:19:05,960 --> 01:19:09,269 But hold on... Let me get this straight. 1598 01:19:09,319 --> 01:19:12,110 The world is going bankrupt... 1599 01:19:12,119 --> 01:19:13,719 whatever the hell that means... 1600 01:19:13,720 --> 01:19:16,158 because of this idea called "debt"... 1601 01:19:16,159 --> 01:19:19,269 which doesn't even exist in the physical reality. 1602 01:19:19,520 --> 01:19:22,270 It's only part of a game we've invented... 1603 01:19:22,399 --> 01:19:25,679 and yet the well being of billions of people... 1604 01:19:25,680 --> 01:19:27,919 is now being compromised. 1605 01:19:27,920 --> 01:19:32,110 Extreme layoffs... tent cities... accelerating poverty... 1606 01:19:32,479 --> 01:19:35,879 Austerity measures imposed... schools shutting down... 1607 01:19:35,880 --> 01:19:40,198 child hunger... and other levels of familial deprivation... 1608 01:19:40,199 --> 01:19:43,669 all because of this elaborate fiction... 1609 01:19:44,159 --> 01:19:47,110 What are we, fucking stupid?! 1610 01:19:48,920 --> 01:19:50,799 Hey! Hey! Mars- my man. 1611 01:19:50,800 --> 01:19:53,389 Help a brother out, uh? 1612 01:19:54,880 --> 01:19:57,550 Grow up, kid. 1613 01:20:04,319 --> 01:20:06,589 Saturn! What's up man? 1614 01:20:06,600 --> 01:20:08,919 You remember that smokin' nebula I hooked you up with... 1615 01:20:08,920 --> 01:20:10,590 a while back? 1616 01:20:12,079 --> 01:20:13,438 Uh... listen Earth. 1617 01:20:13,439 --> 01:20:15,469 We're getting really tired of you. 1618 01:20:15,800 --> 01:20:18,349 You've been given everything and yet you waste it all. 1619 01:20:18,600 --> 01:20:21,189 You've got plenty of resources and you know it. 1620 01:20:21,319 --> 01:20:22,799 Why don't you grow up and learn... 1621 01:20:22,800 --> 01:20:24,710 some responsibility for Christ's sake. 1622 01:20:24,960 --> 01:20:27,630 You're making your mother miserable. 1623 01:20:32,680 --> 01:20:34,519 You're on your own, pal. 1624 01:20:34,520 --> 01:20:36,670 Yeah, whatever. 1625 01:20:45,560 --> 01:20:47,799 Now, all of this considered... 1626 01:20:47,800 --> 01:20:50,599 from the waste machine known as the market system... 1627 01:20:50,600 --> 01:20:53,839 to the debt machine known as the monetary system... 1628 01:20:53,840 --> 01:20:57,478 hence creating the monetary-market paradigm... 1629 01:20:57,479 --> 01:21:00,478 which defines the global economy today... 1630 01:21:00,479 --> 01:21:03,038 there is one consequence that runs through... 1631 01:21:03,039 --> 01:21:05,509 the entire machine: 1632 01:21:05,560 --> 01:21:07,630 Inequality. 1633 01:21:07,920 --> 01:21:10,639 Whether it is market system which creates a natural... 1634 01:21:10,640 --> 01:21:14,710 gravitation towards monopoly and power consolidation... 1635 01:21:14,720 --> 01:21:17,919 while also generating pockets of wealthy industries... 1636 01:21:17,920 --> 01:21:20,118 that tower over others... 1637 01:21:20,119 --> 01:21:22,070 regardless of utility... 1638 01:21:22,159 --> 01:21:23,559 such as the fact that top... 1639 01:21:23,560 --> 01:21:25,438 hedge fund managers on wall street... 1640 01:21:25,439 --> 01:21:28,949 now take home over 300 million dollars a year... 1641 01:21:29,000 --> 01:21:31,959 for contributing literally nothing. 1642 01:21:31,960 --> 01:21:35,229 While a scientist looking for a cure for a disease... 1643 01:21:35,239 --> 01:21:37,150 trying to help humanity... 1644 01:21:37,199 --> 01:21:41,110 might make 60 thousand dollars a year if they're lucky. 1645 01:21:41,239 --> 01:21:43,709 Or whether it is the monetary system... 1646 01:21:43,720 --> 01:21:47,478 which has class division built right into its structure. 1647 01:21:47,479 --> 01:21:48,559 For example: 1648 01:21:48,560 --> 01:21:52,158 If I have 1 million dollars to spare and I put it into a CD... 1649 01:21:52,159 --> 01:21:53,749 at 4% interest... 1650 01:21:53,760 --> 01:21:55,750 I will make 40,000 dollars a year. 1651 01:21:55,880 --> 01:21:59,158 No social contribution, no nothing. 1652 01:21:59,159 --> 01:22:02,078 However, if I'm a lower class person and have to take loans... 1653 01:22:02,079 --> 01:22:04,038 to buy my car or home... 1654 01:22:04,039 --> 01:22:06,318 I am paying in interest which... 1655 01:22:06,319 --> 01:22:07,519 in abstraction... 1656 01:22:07,520 --> 01:22:11,750 is going to pay that millionaire with the 4% CD. 1657 01:22:11,880 --> 01:22:14,599 This stealing from the poor to pay the rich... 1658 01:22:14,600 --> 01:22:18,790 is a foundational, built in aspect of the monetary system. 1659 01:22:18,920 --> 01:22:23,150 And it could be labeled "Structural Classism". 1660 01:22:23,359 --> 01:22:26,118 Of course, historically, social stratification... 1661 01:22:26,119 --> 01:22:28,478 has always been deemed unfair... 1662 01:22:28,479 --> 01:22:30,318 but obviously accepted overall... 1663 01:22:30,319 --> 01:22:35,309 as now 1% of the population owns 40% of the planet's wealth. 1664 01:22:35,640 --> 01:22:38,078 But material fairness aside... 1665 01:22:38,079 --> 01:22:39,839 there is something else going on... 1666 01:22:39,840 --> 01:22:41,959 underneath the surface of inequality... 1667 01:22:41,960 --> 01:22:46,670 causing an incredible deterioration in public health as a whole. 1668 01:22:46,720 --> 01:22:50,158 Well, I think people often are puzzled by the contrast... 1669 01:22:50,159 --> 01:22:53,038 between the material success of our societies... 1670 01:22:53,039 --> 01:22:55,469 unprecedented levels of wealth... 1671 01:22:55,560 --> 01:22:58,959 and the many social failings. 1672 01:22:58,960 --> 01:23:02,070 If you look at the rates of... 1673 01:23:02,119 --> 01:23:04,919 drug abuse or violence or self harm... 1674 01:23:04,920 --> 01:23:07,759 amongst kids or mental illness... 1675 01:23:07,760 --> 01:23:11,038 there is clearly something going deeply wrong... 1676 01:23:11,039 --> 01:23:12,639 with our societies. 1677 01:23:12,640 --> 01:23:15,910 The data I have been describing... 1678 01:23:16,279 --> 01:23:20,118 simply shows that intuition that people... 1679 01:23:20,119 --> 01:23:23,358 have had for hundreds of years, that inequality is divisive... 1680 01:23:23,359 --> 01:23:24,959 and socially corrosive. 1681 01:23:24,960 --> 01:23:28,870 But, that intuition is truer than I think we ever imagined. 1682 01:23:28,920 --> 01:23:32,318 There are very powerful psychological and social effects... 1683 01:23:32,319 --> 01:23:35,078 of inequality. More to do I suppose with feelings... 1684 01:23:35,079 --> 01:23:38,438 of superiority and inferiority. 1685 01:23:38,439 --> 01:23:40,358 That kind of division... 1686 01:23:40,359 --> 01:23:43,679 Maybe going with the respect or disrespect... 1687 01:23:43,680 --> 01:23:46,278 people feeling looked down on at the bottom... 1688 01:23:46,279 --> 01:23:48,158 which, by the way, is why violence is... 1689 01:23:48,159 --> 01:23:50,839 more common in more unequal societies... 1690 01:23:50,840 --> 01:23:54,038 the trigger to violence is so often people feeling looked down... 1691 01:23:54,039 --> 01:23:55,919 upon and disrespected. 1692 01:23:55,920 --> 01:23:59,919 If there is one principle I could emphasize... 1693 01:23:59,920 --> 01:24:04,438 that is, the most important principle underlying... 1694 01:24:04,439 --> 01:24:07,198 the prevention of violence... 1695 01:24:07,199 --> 01:24:10,150 it would be "Equality". 1696 01:24:10,279 --> 01:24:11,959 The single most significant factor... 1697 01:24:11,960 --> 01:24:13,719 that affects the rate of violence... 1698 01:24:13,720 --> 01:24:17,519 is the degree of equality versus the degree of inequality... 1699 01:24:17,520 --> 01:24:20,470 in that society. 1700 01:24:20,600 --> 01:24:22,919 So, what we're looking at is a sort of... 1701 01:24:22,920 --> 01:24:24,990 general social dysfunction. 1702 01:24:25,000 --> 01:24:27,599 It's not just one or two things that go wrong... 1703 01:24:27,600 --> 01:24:29,670 as inequality increases... 1704 01:24:29,680 --> 01:24:31,919 it seems to be everything, whether we are talking about... 1705 01:24:31,920 --> 01:24:34,959 crime or health or mental illness or whatever. 1706 01:24:34,960 --> 01:24:38,078 One of the really disturbing findings out there in public health... 1707 01:24:38,079 --> 01:24:43,118 is never ever make the mistake of being poor. 1708 01:24:43,119 --> 01:24:44,799 Or being born poor. 1709 01:24:44,800 --> 01:24:47,719 Your health pays for it in endless sorts of ways: 1710 01:24:47,720 --> 01:24:51,639 Something known as the 'health socioeconomic gradient'. 1711 01:24:51,640 --> 01:24:53,919 As you move down from the highest strata... 1712 01:24:53,920 --> 01:24:56,719 in society, in terms of socioeconomic status... 1713 01:24:56,720 --> 01:24:59,078 every step down, health gets worse... 1714 01:24:59,079 --> 01:25:01,318 for umpteen different diseases. 1715 01:25:01,319 --> 01:25:02,839 Life expectancy gets worse. 1716 01:25:02,840 --> 01:25:04,990 Infant mortality rate... 1717 01:25:05,000 --> 01:25:06,358 everything you could look at. 1718 01:25:06,359 --> 01:25:08,879 So, a huge issue has been... 1719 01:25:08,880 --> 01:25:12,429 why is it that this gradient exists. 1720 01:25:12,479 --> 01:25:14,398 A simple obvious answer... 1721 01:25:14,399 --> 01:25:16,438 which is, 'if you're chronically sick, you're not... 1722 01:25:16,439 --> 01:25:17,959 going to be very productive... 1723 01:25:17,960 --> 01:25:21,799 so, health causes drive socioeconomic differences'. 1724 01:25:21,800 --> 01:25:23,318 Not that in the slightest... 1725 01:25:23,319 --> 01:25:24,879 on the very simple level that... 1726 01:25:24,880 --> 01:25:26,198 you could look at the... 1727 01:25:26,199 --> 01:25:28,318 socioeconomic status of a 10-year-old... 1728 01:25:28,319 --> 01:25:30,719 and that's going to predict something about their health... 1729 01:25:30,720 --> 01:25:31,839 decades later. 1730 01:25:31,840 --> 01:25:33,919 So, that's the direction of causality. 1731 01:25:33,920 --> 01:25:37,238 Next one- 'Oh, it's perfectly obvious'... 1732 01:25:37,239 --> 01:25:39,358 poor people can't afford to go to the doctor... 1733 01:25:39,359 --> 01:25:40,839 it's healthcare access? 1734 01:25:40,840 --> 01:25:42,318 It's got nothing to do with that... 1735 01:25:42,319 --> 01:25:44,198 because you see these same gradients... 1736 01:25:44,199 --> 01:25:46,318 in countries with universal health care and... 1737 01:25:46,319 --> 01:25:47,789 socialized medicine. 1738 01:25:47,800 --> 01:25:49,639 Okay, next 'simple explanation'. 1739 01:25:49,640 --> 01:25:51,719 Oh, on the average... the poorer you are... 1740 01:25:51,720 --> 01:25:53,999 the more likely you are to smoke... 1741 01:25:54,000 --> 01:25:58,078 and drink and all sorts of lifestyle risk factors. 1742 01:25:58,079 --> 01:26:01,559 Yeah, those contribute but careful studies have shown... 1743 01:26:01,560 --> 01:26:04,350 that it explains maybe about a third of the variability. 1744 01:26:04,479 --> 01:26:05,879 So what's left? 1745 01:26:05,880 --> 01:26:08,599 What's left is having a ton to do... 1746 01:26:08,600 --> 01:26:11,150 with the sress of poverty... 1747 01:26:11,319 --> 01:26:14,639 So, the poorer you are, starting off being... 1748 01:26:14,640 --> 01:26:18,189 the person who is one dollar of income behind Bill Gates... 1749 01:26:18,359 --> 01:26:19,879 the poorer you are in this country... 1750 01:26:19,880 --> 01:26:21,599 on the average, the worse your health is. 1751 01:26:21,600 --> 01:26:24,278 This tells us something really important: 1752 01:26:24,279 --> 01:26:26,158 The health connection with poverty... 1753 01:26:26,159 --> 01:26:30,238 it's not about being poor it's about feeling poor. 1754 01:26:30,239 --> 01:26:35,559 Increasingly we recognize that chronic stress... 1755 01:26:35,560 --> 01:26:38,078 is an important influence on health... 1756 01:26:38,079 --> 01:26:40,839 but the most important sources of stress... 1757 01:26:40,840 --> 01:26:43,510 are the quality of social relations. 1758 01:26:43,720 --> 01:26:45,358 and if there is anything that... 1759 01:26:45,359 --> 01:26:47,559 lowers the quality of social relations... 1760 01:26:47,560 --> 01:26:50,750 it is the socioeconomic stratification of society. 1761 01:26:51,439 --> 01:26:53,158 What science has now shown is... 1762 01:26:53,159 --> 01:26:55,309 that regardless of material wealth... 1763 01:26:55,439 --> 01:26:59,158 the stress of simply living in a stratified society... 1764 01:26:59,159 --> 01:27:02,830 leads to a vast spectrum of public health problems... 1765 01:27:02,880 --> 01:27:06,910 and the greater the inequality, the worse they become. 1766 01:27:07,079 --> 01:27:11,509 Life expectancy: Longer in more equal countries. 1767 01:27:11,520 --> 01:27:15,590 Drug Abuse: Less in more equal countries. 1768 01:27:15,640 --> 01:27:19,990 Mental Illness: Less in more equal countries. 1769 01:27:20,000 --> 01:27:21,999 Social Capital, meaning the... 1770 01:27:22,000 --> 01:27:24,639 ability of people to trust each other: 1771 01:27:24,640 --> 01:27:27,919 Naturally greater in more equal countries. 1772 01:27:27,920 --> 01:27:32,438 Educational Scores: Higher in more equal countries. 1773 01:27:32,439 --> 01:27:36,669 Homicide rates: Less in more equal countries. 1774 01:27:37,039 --> 01:27:39,358 Crime and Rates of Imprisonment: 1775 01:27:39,359 --> 01:27:41,999 Less in more equal countries. 1776 01:27:42,000 --> 01:27:44,278 It goes on and on: 1777 01:27:44,279 --> 01:27:47,839 Infant mortality "obesity"... teen birth rate: 1778 01:27:47,840 --> 01:27:49,919 Less in more equal countries. 1779 01:27:49,920 --> 01:27:52,238 And perhaps most interesting: 1780 01:27:52,239 --> 01:27:56,438 Innovation: Greater in more equal countries. 1781 01:27:56,439 --> 01:27:59,839 Which challenges the age old notion that a competitive... 1782 01:27:59,840 --> 01:28:04,510 stratified society is somehow more creative and inventive. 1783 01:28:04,800 --> 01:28:06,839 Moreover, a study done in the UK... 1784 01:28:06,840 --> 01:28:08,398 called The WhiteHall Study... 1785 01:28:08,399 --> 01:28:11,398 confirmed that there is a social distribution of disease... 1786 01:28:11,399 --> 01:28:14,278 as you go from the top of the socioeconomic ladder... 1787 01:28:14,279 --> 01:28:15,358 to the bottom. 1788 01:28:15,359 --> 01:28:17,639 For example, it was found that the lowest rungs... 1789 01:28:17,640 --> 01:28:20,438 of the hierarchy had a 4-fold increase... 1790 01:28:20,439 --> 01:28:22,719 of heart disease based mortality... 1791 01:28:22,720 --> 01:28:24,790 compared to the highest rungs. 1792 01:28:24,840 --> 01:28:29,030 And this pattern exists, irrespective of access to health care. 1793 01:28:29,039 --> 01:28:32,710 Hence, the worse a person's relative financial status... 1794 01:28:32,720 --> 01:28:35,750 the worse their health is going to be on average. 1795 01:28:35,960 --> 01:28:38,759 This phenomenon is rooted in what could be termed... 1796 01:28:38,760 --> 01:28:40,919 'Psychosocial Stress'... 1797 01:28:40,920 --> 01:28:44,478 and it is at the foundation of the greatest social distortions... 1798 01:28:44,479 --> 01:28:46,839 plaguing our society today. 1799 01:28:46,840 --> 01:28:48,238 Its cause? 1800 01:28:48,239 --> 01:28:50,829 The Monetary-Market System. 1801 01:28:51,680 --> 01:28:53,679 Make no mistake: 1802 01:28:53,680 --> 01:28:56,278 The greatest destroyer of ecology... 1803 01:28:56,279 --> 01:29:00,150 the greatest source of waste, depletion and pollution... 1804 01:29:00,159 --> 01:29:02,559 the greatest purveyor of violence... 1805 01:29:02,560 --> 01:29:07,030 war... crime... poverty... animal abuse and inhumanity... 1806 01:29:07,279 --> 01:29:10,869 the greatest generator of social and personal neurosis... 1807 01:29:10,920 --> 01:29:14,030 mental disorders - depression anxiety... 1808 01:29:14,039 --> 01:29:18,038 Not to mention, the greatest source of social paralysis... 1809 01:29:18,039 --> 01:29:21,278 stopping us from moving into new methodologies... 1810 01:29:21,279 --> 01:29:24,278 for personal health, global sustainability... 1811 01:29:24,279 --> 01:29:26,950 and progress on this planet... 1812 01:29:27,319 --> 01:29:30,719 is not some corrupt Government or legislation... 1813 01:29:30,720 --> 01:29:34,870 not some rogue Corporation or banking cartel... 1814 01:29:34,880 --> 01:29:37,630 not some flaw of human nature... 1815 01:29:37,960 --> 01:29:42,509 and not some secret hidden cabal that controls the world. 1816 01:29:42,520 --> 01:29:43,959 It is, in fact: 1817 01:29:43,960 --> 01:29:46,478 The Socio-Economic System itself... 1818 01:29:46,479 --> 01:29:49,349 at its very foundation. 1819 01:30:10,680 --> 01:30:13,118 Let's imagine for a moment we had the option... 1820 01:30:13,119 --> 01:30:16,198 to redesign human civilization from the ground up. 1821 01:30:16,199 --> 01:30:18,198 What if, hypothetically speaking... 1822 01:30:18,199 --> 01:30:21,158 we discovered an exact replica of the planet Earth... 1823 01:30:21,159 --> 01:30:23,078 and the only difference between... 1824 01:30:23,079 --> 01:30:24,599 this new planet and our current one... 1825 01:30:24,600 --> 01:30:27,078 is that human evolution had not occurred. 1826 01:30:27,079 --> 01:30:28,639 It was an open palette. 1827 01:30:28,640 --> 01:30:32,679 No countries, no cities, no pollution no republicans... 1828 01:30:32,680 --> 01:30:35,590 just a pristine, open environment. 1829 01:30:35,640 --> 01:30:37,679 So what would we do? 1830 01:30:37,680 --> 01:30:40,430 Well, first we need a "goal", right? 1831 01:30:40,439 --> 01:30:43,919 And it's safe to say that goal would be to survive. 1832 01:30:43,920 --> 01:30:47,679 And not to just survive, but to do so in an optimized, healthy... 1833 01:30:47,680 --> 01:30:49,238 prosperous way. 1834 01:30:49,239 --> 01:30:51,559 Most people, indeed, desire to live and... 1835 01:30:51,560 --> 01:30:54,038 they would prefer to do so without suffering. 1836 01:30:54,039 --> 01:30:56,599 Therefore, the basis of this civilization... 1837 01:30:56,600 --> 01:30:58,839 needs to be as supportive and hence... 1838 01:30:58,840 --> 01:31:01,429 sustainable for human life as possible... 1839 01:31:01,479 --> 01:31:03,639 taking into account the material needs... 1840 01:31:03,640 --> 01:31:05,318 of all the world's people... 1841 01:31:05,319 --> 01:31:07,038 while trying to remove anything... 1842 01:31:07,039 --> 01:31:09,309 that can could hurt us in the long run. 1843 01:31:09,520 --> 01:31:13,759 With that goal of "Maximum Sustainability" understood... 1844 01:31:13,760 --> 01:31:16,639 next question regards our "method". 1845 01:31:16,640 --> 01:31:18,959 What kind of approach do we take? 1846 01:31:18,960 --> 01:31:20,398 Well, let's see... 1847 01:31:20,399 --> 01:31:24,799 last I checked, politics was the method of social operation on Earth... 1848 01:31:24,800 --> 01:31:27,759 so what do the doctrines of the republicans, liberals... 1849 01:31:27,760 --> 01:31:32,630 conservatives or socialists have to say about societal design? 1850 01:31:32,640 --> 01:31:35,839 Hmmm... not a damn thing. 1851 01:31:35,840 --> 01:31:37,710 Okay then - what about religion? 1852 01:31:38,039 --> 01:31:41,919 Surely the great creator had to have left some blueprints somewhere... 1853 01:31:41,920 --> 01:31:44,478 Nope... nothing I can find. 1854 01:31:44,479 --> 01:31:46,839 Okay then, so what's left? 1855 01:31:46,840 --> 01:31:49,719 It appears something called "Science". 1856 01:31:49,720 --> 01:31:53,639 Science is unique in that its methods demand not only that ideas... 1857 01:31:53,640 --> 01:31:56,559 proposed be tested and replicated... 1858 01:31:56,560 --> 01:32:01,198 but everything science comes up with is also inherently falsifiable. 1859 01:32:01,199 --> 01:32:03,799 In other words, unlike religion and politics... 1860 01:32:03,800 --> 01:32:05,519 science has no ego... 1861 01:32:05,520 --> 01:32:08,559 and everything it suggests accepts the possibility... 1862 01:32:08,560 --> 01:32:11,358 of being proven wrong eventually. 1863 01:32:11,359 --> 01:32:14,629 It holds on to nothing and evolves constantly. 1864 01:32:14,680 --> 01:32:17,318 Well, that sounds natural enough to me. 1865 01:32:17,319 --> 01:32:20,639 So then, based on the current state of scientific knowledge... 1866 01:32:20,640 --> 01:32:22,519 in the early 21st century... 1867 01:32:22,520 --> 01:32:25,278 along with our goal of "maximum sustainability"... 1868 01:32:25,279 --> 01:32:27,038 for the human population... 1869 01:32:27,039 --> 01:32:30,599 how do we begin the actual process of construction? 1870 01:32:30,600 --> 01:32:32,519 Well, the first question to ask is: 1871 01:32:32,520 --> 01:32:35,038 What do we need to survive? 1872 01:32:35,039 --> 01:32:38,559 The answer, of course, are Planetary Resources. 1873 01:32:38,560 --> 01:32:41,679 Whether it is the water we drink, the energy we use... 1874 01:32:41,680 --> 01:32:45,639 or the raw materials we utilize to create tools and shelter... 1875 01:32:45,640 --> 01:32:48,759 the planet hosts an inventory of resources... 1876 01:32:48,760 --> 01:32:52,430 many of which are demanded for our survival. 1877 01:32:52,479 --> 01:32:54,078 So, given that reality... 1878 01:32:54,079 --> 01:32:58,839 it then becomes critical to figure out what we have and where it is. 1879 01:32:58,840 --> 01:33:01,238 This means we need to conduct a survey. 1880 01:33:01,239 --> 01:33:05,038 We simply locate and identify every physical resource on the planet, 1881 01:33:05,039 --> 01:33:09,238 we can, along with the amount available at each location... 1882 01:33:09,239 --> 01:33:12,559 from the deposits of copper, to the most potent locations for... 1883 01:33:12,560 --> 01:33:14,959 wind farms to produce energy... 1884 01:33:14,960 --> 01:33:16,999 to the natural fresh water springs... 1885 01:33:17,000 --> 01:33:19,879 to an assessment of the amount of fish in the ocean... 1886 01:33:19,880 --> 01:33:24,950 to the most prime arable land for food cultivation, etc. 1887 01:33:24,960 --> 01:33:27,038 But, since we humans are going to be... 1888 01:33:27,039 --> 01:33:29,229 consuming these resources over time... 1889 01:33:29,479 --> 01:33:33,719 we then realize that not only do we need to locate and identify... 1890 01:33:33,720 --> 01:33:36,038 we also need to track. 1891 01:33:36,039 --> 01:33:38,719 We need to make sure we don't run out of any of this stuff... 1892 01:33:38,720 --> 01:33:40,158 that would be bad. 1893 01:33:40,159 --> 01:33:42,919 And this means not only tracking our rates of use... 1894 01:33:42,920 --> 01:33:46,438 but the rates of earthly regeneration as well... 1895 01:33:46,439 --> 01:33:49,158 such as how long it takes for, say... 1896 01:33:49,159 --> 01:33:52,198 a tree to grow or a spring to replenish. 1897 01:33:52,199 --> 01:33:55,799 This is called "Dynamic Equilibrium". 1898 01:33:55,800 --> 01:33:59,919 In other words, if we use up trees faster than they can be grown back... 1899 01:33:59,920 --> 01:34:03,959 we have a serious problem, for it is unsustainable. 1900 01:34:03,960 --> 01:34:06,719 So then, how do we track this inventory... 1901 01:34:06,720 --> 01:34:09,118 especially when we recognize that all... 1902 01:34:09,119 --> 01:34:11,599 of this stuff is scattered everywhere. 1903 01:34:11,600 --> 01:34:15,198 We have large mineral mines in what we call Africa... 1904 01:34:15,199 --> 01:34:17,559 energy concentrations in the Middle East... 1905 01:34:17,560 --> 01:34:21,478 huge tidal power possibilities on the Atlantic coast of North America... 1906 01:34:21,479 --> 01:34:25,879 the largest supply of fresh water in Brazil, etc. 1907 01:34:25,880 --> 01:34:29,830 Well, once again, good old science has a suggestion: 1908 01:34:29,880 --> 01:34:32,198 It's called "Systems theory". 1909 01:34:32,199 --> 01:34:36,118 Systems theory recognizes that the fabric of the natural world... 1910 01:34:36,119 --> 01:34:39,318 from human biology to the earthly biosphere... 1911 01:34:39,319 --> 01:34:42,559 to the gravitational pull of the solar system itself... 1912 01:34:42,560 --> 01:34:47,839 is one huge synergistically connected system, fully interlinked. 1913 01:34:47,840 --> 01:34:50,639 Just as human cells connect to form our organs... 1914 01:34:50,640 --> 01:34:53,038 and the organs connect to form our bodies... 1915 01:34:53,039 --> 01:34:56,278 and since our bodies cannot live without the earthy resources... 1916 01:34:56,279 --> 01:35:00,999 of food, air and water, we are intrinsically connected to the earth. 1917 01:35:01,000 --> 01:35:02,870 And so on. 1918 01:35:02,880 --> 01:35:05,999 So, as nature suggests, we take all of this inventory... 1919 01:35:06,000 --> 01:35:10,118 and tracking data and create a "system" to manage it. 1920 01:35:10,119 --> 01:35:13,559 A "Global Resource Management System", in fact 1921 01:35:13,560 --> 01:35:16,999 to account for every relevant resource on the planet. 1922 01:35:17,000 --> 01:35:20,999 There is simply no logical alternative if our goal as a species... 1923 01:35:21,000 --> 01:35:26,150 is survival in the long run. We have to keep track as a whole. 1924 01:35:26,279 --> 01:35:29,599 That understood, we can now consider production. 1925 01:35:29,600 --> 01:35:31,318 How do we use all this stuff? 1926 01:35:31,319 --> 01:35:34,719 What will our process of production be and what do we need... 1927 01:35:34,720 --> 01:35:38,318 to consider to make sure it is as optimized as possible... 1928 01:35:38,319 --> 01:35:41,709 to maximize our sustainability? 1929 01:35:41,720 --> 01:35:44,639 Well the first thing that jumps right out at us is the fact that... 1930 01:35:44,640 --> 01:35:47,599 we need to constantly try and preserve. 1931 01:35:47,600 --> 01:35:50,750 The planet's resources are essentially finite. 1932 01:35:50,760 --> 01:35:53,679 So it is important that we be "strategic". 1933 01:35:53,680 --> 01:35:57,238 "Strategic Preservation" is key. 1934 01:35:57,239 --> 01:36:00,198 The second thing we recognize is that some resources... 1935 01:36:00,199 --> 01:36:03,238 are really not as good as others in their performance. 1936 01:36:03,239 --> 01:36:06,078 In fact, some of this stuff, when put into use... 1937 01:36:06,079 --> 01:36:08,278 has a terrible effect of the environment... 1938 01:36:08,279 --> 01:36:10,589 which invariably hinders our own health. 1939 01:36:10,960 --> 01:36:15,358 For example: oil and fossil fuels, no matter how you cut it... 1940 01:36:15,359 --> 01:36:18,839 release some pretty destructive agents into the environment. 1941 01:36:18,840 --> 01:36:22,198 Therefore, it is critical that we do our best to use such things... 1942 01:36:22,199 --> 01:36:25,919 only when we really have to... if at all. 1943 01:36:25,920 --> 01:36:30,870 Fortunately for us, we see a ton of solar... wind... tidal... wave... 1944 01:36:30,880 --> 01:36:35,038 heat differential and geothermal possibilities for energy production... 1945 01:36:35,039 --> 01:36:39,478 so we can strategize objectively about what we use and where... 1946 01:36:39,479 --> 01:36:43,719 to avoid what could be called, "negative retroactions"... 1947 01:36:43,720 --> 01:36:47,198 or anything that results from production or use... 1948 01:36:47,199 --> 01:36:50,759 that damages the environment and hence, ourselves. 1949 01:36:50,760 --> 01:36:53,759 We will call this "Strategic Safety"... 1950 01:36:53,760 --> 01:36:57,879 to couple in with our "Strategic Preservation". 1951 01:36:57,880 --> 01:37:00,438 But production strategies do not stop there. 1952 01:37:00,439 --> 01:37:03,519 We are going to need an "Efficiency Strategy"... 1953 01:37:03,520 --> 01:37:06,719 for the actual mechanics of production itself. 1954 01:37:06,720 --> 01:37:09,358 And what we find is that there are roughly... 1955 01:37:09,359 --> 01:37:12,118 three specific protocols we must adhere to: 1956 01:37:12,119 --> 01:37:14,559 One: Every good we produce must be... 1957 01:37:14,560 --> 01:37:17,278 designed to last as long as possible. 1958 01:37:17,279 --> 01:37:19,519 Naturally, the more things breakdown... 1959 01:37:19,520 --> 01:37:22,559 the more resources we are going to need to replace them... 1960 01:37:22,560 --> 01:37:24,959 and the more waste produced. 1961 01:37:24,960 --> 01:37:27,438 Two: When things do break down... 1962 01:37:27,439 --> 01:37:30,038 or are no longer usable for whatever reason... 1963 01:37:30,039 --> 01:37:34,719 it is critical that we harvest, or recycle as much as we possibly can. 1964 01:37:34,720 --> 01:37:38,078 So the production design must take this into... 1965 01:37:38,079 --> 01:37:41,589 account directly at the very earliest stages. 1966 01:37:41,680 --> 01:37:45,879 Three: Quickly evolving technologies, such as electronics... 1967 01:37:45,880 --> 01:37:49,599 which are subject to the fastest rates of technological obsolescence... 1968 01:37:49,600 --> 01:37:51,879 would need to be designed to... 1969 01:37:51,880 --> 01:37:55,429 foreshadow and accommodate physical updates. 1970 01:37:55,439 --> 01:37:59,158 The last thing we want to do is throw away an entire computer... 1971 01:37:59,159 --> 01:38:03,078 system just because it has only one broken part or is outdated. 1972 01:38:03,079 --> 01:38:06,879 So we simply design the components to be easily updated... 1973 01:38:06,880 --> 01:38:11,398 part by part, standardized and universally interchangeable... 1974 01:38:11,399 --> 01:38:15,679 foreshadowed by the current trend of technological change. 1975 01:38:15,680 --> 01:38:19,438 And when we realize that the mechanisms of "Strategic Preservation"... 1976 01:38:19,439 --> 01:38:22,959 "Strategic Safety" and "Strategic Efficiency"... 1977 01:38:22,960 --> 01:38:25,679 are purely technical considerations... 1978 01:38:25,680 --> 01:38:28,879 devoid of any human opinion or bias... 1979 01:38:28,880 --> 01:38:31,959 we simply program these strategies into a computer... 1980 01:38:31,960 --> 01:38:34,999 which can weigh and calculate all the relevant variables... 1981 01:38:35,000 --> 01:38:37,398 allowing us to always arrive at the... 1982 01:38:37,399 --> 01:38:40,799 absolute best method for sustainable production... 1983 01:38:40,800 --> 01:38:43,389 based on current understandings. 1984 01:38:43,560 --> 01:38:46,038 And while that might sound complex... 1985 01:38:46,039 --> 01:38:48,519 all it is is a glorified calculator... 1986 01:38:48,520 --> 01:38:50,478 not to mention that such multi-varied... 1987 01:38:50,479 --> 01:38:52,719 decision making and monitoring systems... 1988 01:38:52,720 --> 01:38:54,919 are already used across the world today... 1989 01:38:54,920 --> 01:39:00,158 for isolated purposes. It is simply a process of scaling it out. 1990 01:39:00,159 --> 01:39:01,398 So... 1991 01:39:01,399 --> 01:39:04,639 Now, we not only have our Resource Management System... 1992 01:39:04,640 --> 01:39:07,750 but also a Production Management System... 1993 01:39:07,800 --> 01:39:10,398 both of which are easily computer automated... 1994 01:39:10,399 --> 01:39:14,318 to maximize efficiency, preservation and safety. 1995 01:39:14,319 --> 01:39:17,278 The informational reality is that the human mind... 1996 01:39:17,279 --> 01:39:21,278 or even a group of humans, cannot track what needs to be tracked. 1997 01:39:21,279 --> 01:39:25,549 It must be done by computers and it can be. 1998 01:39:25,840 --> 01:39:29,398 And this bring us to the next level: Distribution. 1999 01:39:29,399 --> 01:39:32,478 What sustainability strategies make sense here? 2000 01:39:32,479 --> 01:39:33,919 Well, since we know that the shortest... 2001 01:39:33,920 --> 01:39:37,118 distance between two points is a straight line 2002 01:39:37,119 --> 01:39:40,639 and since energy is required to power transport machines... 2003 01:39:40,640 --> 01:39:44,158 the less transport distance, the more efficient. 2004 01:39:44,159 --> 01:39:48,398 Producing goods in one continent and shipping them over to another... 2005 01:39:48,399 --> 01:39:51,478 only makes sense if the goods in question simply cannot... 2006 01:39:51,479 --> 01:39:53,949 be produced in the target area. 2007 01:39:54,000 --> 01:39:56,719 Otherwise, it is nothing but wasteful. 2008 01:39:56,720 --> 01:40:00,390 We must localize production, so distribution is simple... 2009 01:40:00,399 --> 01:40:03,559 fast and requires the least amount of energy. 2010 01:40:03,560 --> 01:40:06,478 We'll call this the "Proximity Strategy"... 2011 01:40:06,479 --> 01:40:08,318 which simply means we reduce the... 2012 01:40:08,319 --> 01:40:10,278 travel of goods as much as possible... 2013 01:40:10,279 --> 01:40:14,318 whether raw materials or finished consumer products. 2014 01:40:14,319 --> 01:40:16,799 Of course, it might also be important to... 2015 01:40:16,800 --> 01:40:19,519 know what goods are we transporting and why... 2016 01:40:19,520 --> 01:40:22,759 And this falls under the category of Demand. 2017 01:40:22,760 --> 01:40:25,398 And demand is simply what people need to be... 2018 01:40:25,399 --> 01:40:27,999 healthy and to have a high quality of life. 2019 01:40:28,000 --> 01:40:30,278 The spectrum of material human needs... 2020 01:40:30,279 --> 01:40:33,358 range from core life supporting necessities... 2021 01:40:33,359 --> 01:40:36,519 such as food, clean water and shelter... 2022 01:40:36,520 --> 01:40:40,278 to social and recreational goods which allow for relaxation... 2023 01:40:40,279 --> 01:40:42,719 and personal... social enjoyment... 2024 01:40:42,720 --> 01:40:47,670 both important factors in human and social health overall. 2025 01:40:47,680 --> 01:40:50,478 So - very simply- we take another survey. 2026 01:40:50,479 --> 01:40:52,879 People describe their needs, demand is... 2027 01:40:52,880 --> 01:40:56,189 assessed and production begins based on that demand. 2028 01:40:56,199 --> 01:40:59,398 And since the level of demand of different goods will... 2029 01:40:59,399 --> 01:41:02,759 naturally fluctuate and change around different regions... 2030 01:41:02,760 --> 01:41:06,679 we need to create a "Demand and Distribution Tracking System"... 2031 01:41:06,680 --> 01:41:10,269 so to avoid overruns and shortages. 2032 01:41:10,279 --> 01:41:12,358 Of course, this idea is old news... 2033 01:41:12,359 --> 01:41:15,438 it is used in every major store chain today... 2034 01:41:15,439 --> 01:41:18,158 to make sure they keep up with their inventory. 2035 01:41:18,159 --> 01:41:21,789 Only this time, we are tracking on a global scale. 2036 01:41:21,920 --> 01:41:25,759 But wait a minute. We really can't fully understand demand... 2037 01:41:25,760 --> 01:41:30,030 if we don't account for the actual usage of the good itself. 2038 01:41:30,039 --> 01:41:34,110 Is it logical and sustainable for every single human to, say... 2039 01:41:34,119 --> 01:41:38,639 have one of everything made? Regardless of their usage? 2040 01:41:38,640 --> 01:41:42,999 No. That would be simply wasteful and inefficient. 2041 01:41:43,000 --> 01:41:46,839 If a person has a need for a good but that need is only for say: 2042 01:41:46,840 --> 01:41:49,158 45 minutes a day on average... 2043 01:41:49,159 --> 01:41:50,999 it would be much more efficient if... 2044 01:41:51,000 --> 01:41:52,839 that good was made available to them... 2045 01:41:52,840 --> 01:41:55,990 and to others when needed. 2046 01:41:56,000 --> 01:41:58,839 Many forget that it isn't the good they want... 2047 01:41:58,840 --> 01:42:00,879 it is the purpose of that good. 2048 01:42:00,880 --> 01:42:02,999 When we realize that the good itself... 2049 01:42:03,000 --> 01:42:05,229 is only as important as its utility... 2050 01:42:05,239 --> 01:42:08,078 we see that "external restriction"... 2051 01:42:08,079 --> 01:42:10,839 or what we might call today "ownership"... 2052 01:42:10,840 --> 01:42:14,278 is extremely wasteful and environmentally illogical... 2053 01:42:14,279 --> 01:42:17,599 in a fundamental, economic sense. 2054 01:42:17,600 --> 01:42:22,750 So we need devise a strategy called: "Strategic Access". 2055 01:42:22,840 --> 01:42:24,759 This would be the foundation of our... 2056 01:42:24,760 --> 01:42:26,919 "Demand Distribution Tracking System". 2057 01:42:26,920 --> 01:42:28,679 which makes sure we can meet the... 2058 01:42:28,680 --> 01:42:30,358 demand of the population's needs... 2059 01:42:30,359 --> 01:42:34,829 for access of whatever they need, when they need it. 2060 01:42:34,840 --> 01:42:37,559 And as far as physically obtaining the goods... 2061 01:42:37,560 --> 01:42:39,719 centralized and regional access... 2062 01:42:39,720 --> 01:42:42,478 centers all make sense for the most part... 2063 01:42:42,479 --> 01:42:45,679 placed in close proximity to the population... 2064 01:42:45,680 --> 01:42:48,559 and a person would simply come in, take the item... 2065 01:42:48,560 --> 01:42:52,278 use it and when finished, return it when no longer needed... 2066 01:42:52,279 --> 01:42:54,679 sort of how a library works today. 2067 01:42:54,680 --> 01:42:57,398 In fact, these centers could not only exist in... 2068 01:42:57,399 --> 01:43:00,118 the community in the way we see local stores today... 2069 01:43:00,119 --> 01:43:04,358 but specialized access centers would exist in specific areas... 2070 01:43:04,359 --> 01:43:06,839 where often certain goods are utilized... 2071 01:43:06,840 --> 01:43:10,559 saving more energy with less repeat transport. 2072 01:43:10,560 --> 01:43:13,879 And once this Demand Tracking System is in order... 2073 01:43:13,880 --> 01:43:16,599 it is tied into our Production Management System... 2074 01:43:16,600 --> 01:43:20,038 and, of course, into our Resource Management System... 2075 01:43:20,039 --> 01:43:23,078 hence creating a unified dynamically updating... 2076 01:43:23,079 --> 01:43:26,038 global economic management machine... 2077 01:43:26,039 --> 01:43:28,879 that simply makes sure we remain sustainable... 2078 01:43:28,880 --> 01:43:32,759 starting with securing the integrity of our finite resources... 2079 01:43:32,760 --> 01:43:35,599 moving to make sure we only create the best... 2080 01:43:35,600 --> 01:43:37,599 most strategic goods possible... 2081 01:43:37,600 --> 01:43:40,158 while distributing everything in the... 2082 01:43:40,159 --> 01:43:42,719 most intelligent and efficient way. 2083 01:43:42,720 --> 01:43:47,398 And the unique result of this preservation based approach... 2084 01:43:47,399 --> 01:43:50,158 which is intuitively counter to many... 2085 01:43:50,159 --> 01:43:52,599 is that this logical, ground up... 2086 01:43:52,600 --> 01:43:56,158 empirical process of preservation and efficiency... 2087 01:43:56,159 --> 01:44:01,038 which can only define true human sustainability on the planet... 2088 01:44:01,039 --> 01:44:05,669 would likely enable something never before seen in human history. 2089 01:44:05,720 --> 01:44:07,839 Access Abundance... 2090 01:44:07,840 --> 01:44:11,118 not just for a percentage of the global population... 2091 01:44:11,119 --> 01:44:14,669 but the entire civilization. 2092 01:44:15,560 --> 01:44:18,278 This economic model, as was just generalized... 2093 01:44:18,279 --> 01:44:21,038 This responsible, systems approach to total Earth... 2094 01:44:21,039 --> 01:44:24,118 resource management and processes... 2095 01:44:24,119 --> 01:44:26,038 designed again to do nothing less... 2096 01:44:26,039 --> 01:44:28,198 than take care of humanity as whole... 2097 01:44:28,199 --> 01:44:31,038 in the most efficient and sustainable way... 2098 01:44:31,039 --> 01:44:32,358 could be termed: 2099 01:44:32,359 --> 01:44:35,469 a "RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMY". 2100 01:44:35,479 --> 01:44:38,398 The idea was defined in the 1970s by... 2101 01:44:38,399 --> 01:44:41,118 Social Engineer... Jacque Fresco. 2102 01:44:41,119 --> 01:44:44,398 He understood back then that society was on a collision course... 2103 01:44:44,399 --> 01:44:48,639 with nature and itself... unsustainable on every level... 2104 01:44:48,640 --> 01:44:50,599 and if things didn't change... 2105 01:44:50,600 --> 01:44:54,038 we would destroy ourselves, one way or another. 2106 01:44:54,039 --> 01:44:56,278 Are all of these things you are saying, Jacque... 2107 01:44:56,279 --> 01:44:58,759 could they be built with what we know today? 2108 01:44:58,760 --> 01:45:03,030 Or are you guessing... based on what we know today. 2109 01:45:03,039 --> 01:45:06,358 No, all of these things can be built with what we know today. 2110 01:45:06,359 --> 01:45:09,438 It would take 10 years to change the surface of the earth. 2111 01:45:09,439 --> 01:45:12,198 To rebuild the world into a second Garden of Eden. 2112 01:45:12,199 --> 01:45:13,719 The choice lies with you. 2113 01:45:13,720 --> 01:45:16,238 The stupidity of a nuclear arms race... 2114 01:45:16,239 --> 01:45:17,799 the development of weapons... 2115 01:45:17,800 --> 01:45:20,038 trying to solve your problems politically... 2116 01:45:20,039 --> 01:45:23,118 by electing this political party or that political party... 2117 01:45:23,119 --> 01:45:25,679 that all politics is immersed in corruption. 2118 01:45:25,680 --> 01:45:26,799 Let me say it again: 2119 01:45:26,800 --> 01:45:30,318 Communism, socialism, fascism... the Democrats... 2120 01:45:30,319 --> 01:45:33,599 the liberals... we want to absorb human beings. 2121 01:45:33,600 --> 01:45:37,038 All organizations that believe in a better life for man: 2122 01:45:37,039 --> 01:45:40,158 there are no Negro problems or Polish problems... 2123 01:45:40,159 --> 01:45:42,478 or Jewish problems or Greek problems... 2124 01:45:42,479 --> 01:45:44,999 or women's problems... there are human problems! 2125 01:45:45,000 --> 01:45:47,879 I'm not afraid of anybody, I don't work for anyone, 2126 01:45:47,880 --> 01:45:49,478 no one can discharge me. 2127 01:45:49,479 --> 01:45:50,919 I have no boss. 2128 01:45:50,920 --> 01:45:54,038 I am afraid to live in the society we live in today. 2129 01:45:54,039 --> 01:45:57,839 Our society cannot be maintained by this type of incompetency. 2130 01:45:57,840 --> 01:45:59,959 It was great, the free enterprise system... 2131 01:45:59,960 --> 01:46:03,478 about 35 years ago. That was the last of its usefulness. 2132 01:46:03,479 --> 01:46:07,109 Now, we have got to change our way of thinking or perish. 2133 01:46:08,039 --> 01:46:12,078 The horror movies of the future will be our society... 2134 01:46:12,079 --> 01:46:14,038 the way it didn't work... 2135 01:46:14,039 --> 01:46:15,398 and politics... 2136 01:46:15,399 --> 01:46:18,469 would be part of a horror movie. 2137 01:46:19,800 --> 01:46:24,759 Well, lots of people today use the term 'cold science' 2138 01:46:24,760 --> 01:46:27,070 because it's analytical... 2139 01:46:27,119 --> 01:46:29,879 and they don't even know what analytical means. 2140 01:46:29,880 --> 01:46:32,799 Science means: Closer approximations... 2141 01:46:32,800 --> 01:46:35,599 to the way the world really works. 2142 01:46:35,600 --> 01:46:38,839 So, it's telling the truth... is what it is... 2143 01:46:38,840 --> 01:46:41,759 A scientist doesn't try to get along with people. 2144 01:46:41,760 --> 01:46:44,438 They tell them what their findings are. 2145 01:46:44,439 --> 01:46:47,029 They have to question all things... 2146 01:46:47,039 --> 01:46:51,158 and if some scientist comes up with an experiment that shows... 2147 01:46:51,159 --> 01:46:53,679 certain materials have certain strengths... 2148 01:46:53,680 --> 01:46:56,318 other scientists have to be able to duplicate... 2149 01:46:56,319 --> 01:46:59,269 that experiment and come up with the same results. 2150 01:46:59,279 --> 01:47:03,478 Even if a scientist feels that an airplane wing... 2151 01:47:03,479 --> 01:47:05,599 due to mathematics or calculations... 2152 01:47:05,600 --> 01:47:07,919 can hold up a given amount of weight... 2153 01:47:07,920 --> 01:47:10,790 they still pile sandbags on it... 2154 01:47:10,800 --> 01:47:12,719 to see when it breaks and they say... 2155 01:47:12,720 --> 01:47:16,478 you know my calculations are right or they are not correct'. 2156 01:47:16,479 --> 01:47:19,959 I love that system because it's free of bias... 2157 01:47:19,960 --> 01:47:23,398 and free of thinking that math can solve all the problems. 2158 01:47:23,399 --> 01:47:26,238 You have to put your Math to test also. 2159 01:47:26,239 --> 01:47:28,799 I think that every system that can... 2160 01:47:28,800 --> 01:47:31,559 be put to test should be put to test. 2161 01:47:31,560 --> 01:47:36,550 And that all decisions should be based upon research. 2162 01:47:36,760 --> 01:47:39,358 A Resource-Based Economy is simply the... 2163 01:47:39,359 --> 01:47:42,198 scientific method applied to social concern... 2164 01:47:42,199 --> 01:47:45,278 an approach utterly absent in the world today. 2165 01:47:45,279 --> 01:47:47,559 Society is a technical invention. 2166 01:47:47,560 --> 01:47:50,679 And the most efficient methods of optimized human health... 2167 01:47:50,680 --> 01:47:55,078 physical production, distribution, city infrastructure and the like... 2168 01:47:55,079 --> 01:47:57,519 reside in the field of science and... 2169 01:47:57,520 --> 01:48:00,879 technology... not politics or monetary economics. 2170 01:48:00,880 --> 01:48:04,999 It operates in the same systematic way as, say an airplane... 2171 01:48:05,000 --> 01:48:09,358 and there is no Republican or Liberal way to build an airplane. 2172 01:48:09,359 --> 01:48:11,438 Likewise, nature itself is the... 2173 01:48:11,439 --> 01:48:14,278 physical referent we use to prove our science... 2174 01:48:14,279 --> 01:48:16,198 and it is a set system... 2175 01:48:16,199 --> 01:48:19,559 emerging only from our increased understanding of it. 2176 01:48:19,560 --> 01:48:21,999 In fact, it has no regard for what you... 2177 01:48:22,000 --> 01:48:24,599 subjectively think or believe to be true. 2178 01:48:24,600 --> 01:48:26,599 Rather, it gives you an option: 2179 01:48:26,600 --> 01:48:28,679 You can learn and fall in line with its... 2180 01:48:28,680 --> 01:48:31,158 natural laws and conduct yourself accordingly... 2181 01:48:31,159 --> 01:48:34,478 invariably creating good health and sustainability... 2182 01:48:34,479 --> 01:48:37,679 or you can go against the current... to no avail. 2183 01:48:37,680 --> 01:48:40,038 It doesn't matter how much you believe you can just... 2184 01:48:40,039 --> 01:48:42,438 stand up right now and walk on the wall next to you... 2185 01:48:42,439 --> 01:48:44,599 the law of gravity will not allow it. 2186 01:48:44,600 --> 01:48:46,679 If you do not eat... you will die. 2187 01:48:46,680 --> 01:48:49,599 If you are not touched as an infant... you will die. 2188 01:48:49,600 --> 01:48:53,559 As harsh as it may sound, nature is a dictatorship... 2189 01:48:53,560 --> 01:48:56,959 and we can either listen to it and come in harmony with it... 2190 01:48:56,960 --> 01:49:00,398 or suffer the inevitable adverse consequences. 2191 01:49:00,399 --> 01:49:03,358 So, a Resource-Based Economy is nothing more... 2192 01:49:03,359 --> 01:49:06,839 than a set of proven, life supporting understandings... 2193 01:49:06,840 --> 01:49:09,318 where all decisions are based upon... 2194 01:49:09,319 --> 01:49:12,759 optimized human and environmental sustainability. 2195 01:49:12,760 --> 01:49:16,198 It takes into account the empirical "Life Ground"... 2196 01:49:16,199 --> 01:49:18,599 which every human being shares as a need... 2197 01:49:18,600 --> 01:49:22,830 regardless, again, of their political or religious philosophy. 2198 01:49:22,880 --> 01:49:26,038 There is no cultural relativism to this approach. 2199 01:49:26,039 --> 01:49:28,719 It isn't a matter of opinion. 2200 01:49:28,720 --> 01:49:30,919 Human needs are human needs... 2201 01:49:30,920 --> 01:49:34,599 and having access to the necessities of life, such as clean air... 2202 01:49:34,600 --> 01:49:37,118 nutritious food and clean water... 2203 01:49:37,119 --> 01:49:40,599 along with a positively reinforcing, stable... 2204 01:49:40,600 --> 01:49:44,719 nurturing, non-violent environment, is demanded... 2205 01:49:44,720 --> 01:49:47,038 for our mental and physical health... 2206 01:49:47,039 --> 01:49:49,038 our evolutionary fitness... 2207 01:49:49,039 --> 01:49:52,038 and hence, the species survival itself. 2208 01:49:52,039 --> 01:49:54,879 A Resource-Based Economy... 2209 01:49:54,880 --> 01:49:58,278 would be based upon available resources. 2210 01:49:58,279 --> 01:50:01,438 You can't just bring a lot of people to an island... 2211 01:50:01,439 --> 01:50:06,719 or build a city of 50,000 people without having access... 2212 01:50:06,720 --> 01:50:08,799 to the necessities of life. 2213 01:50:08,800 --> 01:50:13,358 So, when I use the term 'a comprehensive systems approach'... 2214 01:50:13,359 --> 01:50:17,639 I'm talking about doing an inventory of the area first... 2215 01:50:17,640 --> 01:50:20,959 and determining what that area can supply... 2216 01:50:20,960 --> 01:50:23,478 not just architectural approach... 2217 01:50:23,479 --> 01:50:25,999 not just design approach... 2218 01:50:26,000 --> 01:50:29,599 but design must be based on all of the requirements... 2219 01:50:29,600 --> 01:50:31,238 to enhance human life... 2220 01:50:31,239 --> 01:50:35,038 and that's what I mean by an integrated way of thinking. 2221 01:50:35,039 --> 01:50:37,879 Food, clothing, shelter, warmth, love... 2222 01:50:37,880 --> 01:50:40,919 All those things are necessary... 2223 01:50:40,920 --> 01:50:43,349 and if you deprive people of any of them... 2224 01:50:43,680 --> 01:50:49,070 you have a lesser human being, less capable of functioning. 2225 01:50:49,279 --> 01:50:53,118 As previously outlined, a Resource-Based Economy's ground up... 2226 01:50:53,119 --> 01:50:57,679 global, systems approach to extraction, production and distribution... 2227 01:50:57,680 --> 01:51:02,639 is based upon on a set of true economic mechanisms, or 'strategies'... 2228 01:51:02,640 --> 01:51:04,959 which guarantee efficiency and... 2229 01:51:04,960 --> 01:51:08,710 sustainability in every area of the economy. 2230 01:51:08,720 --> 01:51:12,438 So, continuing this train of thought regarding logical design... 2231 01:51:12,439 --> 01:51:14,309 what is next in our equation? 2232 01:51:14,319 --> 01:51:16,709 Where does all this materialize? 2233 01:51:16,840 --> 01:51:18,398 Cities. 2234 01:51:18,399 --> 01:51:22,358 The advent of the city is a defining feature of modern civilization. 2235 01:51:22,359 --> 01:51:26,198 Its role is to enable efficient access to the necessities of life... 2236 01:51:26,199 --> 01:51:31,110 along with increased social support and community interaction. 2237 01:51:31,199 --> 01:51:34,158 So how would we go about designing an ideal city? 2238 01:51:34,159 --> 01:51:35,719 What shape should we make it? 2239 01:51:35,720 --> 01:51:38,158 Square? Trapezoid? 2240 01:51:38,159 --> 01:51:40,318 Well, given we are going to be moving around the thing... 2241 01:51:40,319 --> 01:51:43,559 we might as well make it as equidistant as possible for ease... 2242 01:51:43,560 --> 01:51:45,870 hence the circle. 2243 01:51:45,920 --> 01:51:47,719 What should the city contain? 2244 01:51:47,720 --> 01:51:51,759 Well, naturally we need a residential area, a goods production area... 2245 01:51:51,760 --> 01:51:55,470 a power generation area, an agricultural area. 2246 01:51:55,680 --> 01:51:58,839 But we also need nurturing as human beings, hence culture... 2247 01:51:58,840 --> 01:52:02,158 nature, recreation and education. 2248 01:52:02,159 --> 01:52:04,198 So lets include a nice open park... 2249 01:52:04,199 --> 01:52:08,669 an entertainment events area for cultural purposes and socializing... 2250 01:52:08,680 --> 01:52:11,278 and educational and research facilities. 2251 01:52:11,279 --> 01:52:13,559 And since we are working with a circle 2252 01:52:13,560 --> 01:52:16,478 it seems rational to place these functions in Belts... 2253 01:52:16,479 --> 01:52:19,599 based on the amount of land required for each goal... 2254 01:52:19,600 --> 01:52:21,950 along with ease of access. 2255 01:52:22,000 --> 01:52:23,429 Very good. 2256 01:52:23,560 --> 01:52:25,759 Now, let's get down to specifics: 2257 01:52:25,760 --> 01:52:27,879 First we need the consider the core... 2258 01:52:27,880 --> 01:52:31,030 infrastructure or intestines of the city organism. 2259 01:52:31,159 --> 01:52:33,278 These would be the water, goods... 2260 01:52:33,279 --> 01:52:35,679 waste and energy transport channels. 2261 01:52:35,680 --> 01:52:39,519 Just as we have water and sewage systems under our cities today... 2262 01:52:39,520 --> 01:52:42,198 we would extend this channeling concept to... 2263 01:52:42,199 --> 01:52:45,198 integrate waste recycling and delivery itself. 2264 01:52:45,199 --> 01:52:47,719 No more mailmen or garbage men. 2265 01:52:47,720 --> 01:52:50,438 It is built right in. We could even use... 2266 01:52:50,439 --> 01:52:53,469 automated pneumatic tubes and similar technologies. 2267 01:52:53,560 --> 01:52:55,478 Same goes for transport. 2268 01:52:55,479 --> 01:52:59,118 It needs to be integrated and strategically designed to reduce... 2269 01:52:59,119 --> 01:53:02,759 or even remove the need for wasteful, independent automobiles. 2270 01:53:02,760 --> 01:53:05,679 Electric trams, conveyors, transveyors and... 2271 01:53:05,680 --> 01:53:07,959 maglevs which can take you virtually... 2272 01:53:07,960 --> 01:53:10,438 anywhere in the city, even up and down... 2273 01:53:10,439 --> 01:53:13,599 along with connecting you to other cities as well. 2274 01:53:13,600 --> 01:53:16,519 And of course, in the event a car is required... 2275 01:53:16,520 --> 01:53:20,318 it is automated by satellite for safety and integrity. 2276 01:53:20,319 --> 01:53:24,158 In fact, this automation technology is in working order right now. 2277 01:53:24,159 --> 01:53:29,078 Automobile accidents kill about 1.2 million people every single year, 2278 01:53:29,079 --> 01:53:31,198 injuring about 50 million. 2279 01:53:31,199 --> 01:53:34,158 This is absurd and doesn't have to occur. 2280 01:53:34,159 --> 01:53:37,919 Between efficient city design and automated, driverless cars... 2281 01:53:37,920 --> 01:53:40,910 this death toll can be virtually eliminated. 2282 01:53:41,239 --> 01:53:42,719 Agriculture. 2283 01:53:42,720 --> 01:53:46,238 Today, through our haphazard, cost-cutting industrial methods... 2284 01:53:46,239 --> 01:53:50,429 using pesticides, excessive fertilizers and other means... 2285 01:53:50,439 --> 01:53:52,398 we have successfully destroyed much... 2286 01:53:52,399 --> 01:53:54,358 of the the arable land on this planet... 2287 01:53:54,359 --> 01:53:57,829 not to mention also extensively poisoning our bodies. 2288 01:53:57,840 --> 01:54:01,158 In fact, industrial and agricultural chemical toxins... 2289 01:54:01,159 --> 01:54:07,030 now show up in virtually every human being tested, including infants. 2290 01:54:07,199 --> 01:54:10,158 Fortunately, there is a glaring alternative... 2291 01:54:10,159 --> 01:54:13,639 the soilless mediums of hydroponics and aeroponics... 2292 01:54:13,640 --> 01:54:16,559 which also reduce nutrient and water... 2293 01:54:16,560 --> 01:54:20,478 requirements by up to 75 % of our current usage. 2294 01:54:20,479 --> 01:54:24,158 Food can now be organically grown on an industrial scale... 2295 01:54:24,159 --> 01:54:26,719 in enclosed vertical farms. 2296 01:54:26,720 --> 01:54:29,679 Such as in 50 story 1 acre plots... 2297 01:54:29,680 --> 01:54:31,999 virtually eliminating the need for... 2298 01:54:32,000 --> 01:54:34,679 pesticides and hydrocarbons in general. 2299 01:54:34,680 --> 01:54:37,639 This is the future of industrial food cultivation. 2300 01:54:37,640 --> 01:54:40,350 Efficient, clean and abundant. 2301 01:54:40,359 --> 01:54:43,438 So, such advanced systems would be, in part... 2302 01:54:43,439 --> 01:54:45,999 what comprise our agricultural belt... 2303 01:54:46,000 --> 01:54:49,679 producing all the food required for the entire city's population 2304 01:54:49,680 --> 01:54:52,679 with no need to import anything from the outside... 2305 01:54:52,680 --> 01:54:56,150 saving time, waste and energy. 2306 01:54:56,439 --> 01:54:58,398 And speaking of Energy... 2307 01:54:58,399 --> 01:55:01,278 The Energy Belt would work in a systems approach to... 2308 01:55:01,279 --> 01:55:04,438 extract electricity from our abundant renewable mediums... 2309 01:55:04,439 --> 01:55:08,709 specifically wind, solar, geothermal and heat differentials... 2310 01:55:08,720 --> 01:55:12,630 and if near water potentials... tidal and wave power. 2311 01:55:12,680 --> 01:55:14,999 To avoid intermittency and make sure... 2312 01:55:15,000 --> 01:55:17,278 a positive net energy return occurs... 2313 01:55:17,279 --> 01:55:20,278 these mediums would operate in an integrated system... 2314 01:55:20,279 --> 01:55:22,238 powering each other when needed... 2315 01:55:22,239 --> 01:55:24,519 while storing excessive energy to large... 2316 01:55:24,520 --> 01:55:26,790 super capacitors under the ground... 2317 01:55:26,840 --> 01:55:29,189 so nothing can go to waste. 2318 01:55:29,239 --> 01:55:31,639 And not only does the city power itself... 2319 01:55:31,640 --> 01:55:34,919 particular structures will also power independently... 2320 01:55:34,920 --> 01:55:38,038 and generate electricity through photovoltaic paints... 2321 01:55:38,039 --> 01:55:41,639 structural pressure transducers, the thermocouple effect... 2322 01:55:41,640 --> 01:55:45,269 and other current but under utilized technologies. 2323 01:55:45,560 --> 01:55:47,599 But, of course, this begs the question: 2324 01:55:47,600 --> 01:55:49,719 How does this technology, and goods in... 2325 01:55:49,720 --> 01:55:52,070 general, get created in the first place? 2326 01:55:52,119 --> 01:55:54,038 This bring us to Production: 2327 01:55:54,039 --> 01:55:57,238 The Industrial Belt, apart from having hospitals and the like... 2328 01:55:57,239 --> 01:55:59,639 would be the hub of factory production. 2329 01:55:59,640 --> 01:56:01,438 Completely localized overall... 2330 01:56:01,439 --> 01:56:03,839 it would, of course, obtain raw materials by way of... 2331 01:56:03,840 --> 01:56:07,519 the global resource management system, just discussed... 2332 01:56:07,520 --> 01:56:12,118 with demand being generated by the population of the city itself. 2333 01:56:12,119 --> 01:56:14,229 As far as the mechanics of production... 2334 01:56:14,279 --> 01:56:17,358 we need to discuss a new, powerful phenomenon... 2335 01:56:17,359 --> 01:56:20,198 which was sparked very recently in human history... 2336 01:56:20,199 --> 01:56:23,349 and is on pace to changing everything. 2337 01:56:23,520 --> 01:56:25,559 It's called Mechanization... 2338 01:56:25,560 --> 01:56:28,110 or the automation of labor. 2339 01:56:28,119 --> 01:56:31,278 Well, if you look around, you'll notice that almost... 2340 01:56:31,279 --> 01:56:33,919 everything that we use today... 2341 01:56:33,920 --> 01:56:36,710 is built automatically. 2342 01:56:37,039 --> 01:56:42,358 Your shoes, your clothes, your home appliances, your car and so on... 2343 01:56:42,359 --> 01:56:48,429 they are all built by machines in an automatic way. 2344 01:56:48,760 --> 01:56:51,879 Can we say that the society has not been... 2345 01:56:51,880 --> 01:56:56,030 influenced by these major technological advancements? 2346 01:56:56,079 --> 01:56:57,238 Of course not. 2347 01:56:57,239 --> 01:57:02,389 These systems really dictate new structures... 2348 01:57:02,439 --> 01:57:07,879 and new needs and they make a lot of other things obsolete. 2349 01:57:07,880 --> 01:57:12,118 So, we have been going up in the development... 2350 01:57:12,119 --> 01:57:16,318 and use of technology in an exponential way. 2351 01:57:16,319 --> 01:57:21,599 So, definitely automation is going to continue. You cannot stop... 2352 01:57:21,600 --> 01:57:24,270 technologies that just make sense. 2353 01:57:24,279 --> 01:57:27,719 Labor automation through technology is at the bottom... 2354 01:57:27,720 --> 01:57:31,158 of every major social transformation in human history. 2355 01:57:31,159 --> 01:57:34,438 From the agricultural revolution and the invention of the plow... 2356 01:57:34,439 --> 01:57:37,879 to the industrial revolution and the invention of the powered machine... 2357 01:57:37,880 --> 01:57:40,799 to the information age we live in now through... 2358 01:57:40,800 --> 01:57:44,950 essentially the invention of advanced electronics and computers. 2359 01:57:45,000 --> 01:57:48,118 And with regard to advanced production methods today... 2360 01:57:48,119 --> 01:57:51,078 mechanization is now evolving on its own. 2361 01:57:51,079 --> 01:57:53,599 Moving away from the traditional method of... 2362 01:57:53,600 --> 01:57:56,559 assembling component parts into a configuration... 2363 01:57:56,560 --> 01:57:59,278 into an advanced method of creating... 2364 01:57:59,279 --> 01:58:02,198 entire products in one single process. 2365 01:58:02,199 --> 01:58:05,870 Like most engineers, I'm fascinated by biology because it is... 2366 01:58:05,920 --> 01:58:10,229 so full of examples of extraordinary pieces of engineering. 2367 01:58:10,239 --> 01:58:16,110 What biology is... is the study of things that copy themselves. 2368 01:58:16,319 --> 01:58:18,478 As good a definition of life as we've got. 2369 01:58:18,479 --> 01:58:20,478 Again, as an engineer, I have always been... 2370 01:58:20,479 --> 01:58:23,150 intrigued by the idea of machines copying themselves. 2371 01:58:23,159 --> 01:58:25,679 RepRap is a three-dimensional printer... 2372 01:58:25,680 --> 01:58:29,038 that's to say it is a printer that you plug into your computer and... 2373 01:58:29,039 --> 01:58:32,358 instead of making two-dimensional sheets of paper with patterns on... 2374 01:58:32,359 --> 01:58:35,509 it makes real, physical, three-dimensional objects. 2375 01:58:35,560 --> 01:58:37,478 Now there's nothing new about that... 2376 01:58:37,479 --> 01:58:40,158 3~D printers have been around for about 30 years. 2377 01:58:40,159 --> 01:58:45,030 The big thing about RepRap is that it prints most of its own parts. 2378 01:58:45,039 --> 01:58:46,559 So, if you've got one, you could... 2379 01:58:46,560 --> 01:58:48,318 make another one and give it to a friend... 2380 01:58:48,319 --> 01:58:51,478 as well as being able to print lots of useful things. 2381 01:58:51,479 --> 01:58:54,909 From the simple printing of basic household goods in your home... 2382 01:58:55,039 --> 01:58:58,959 to the printing of an entire automobile body in one swoop... 2383 01:58:58,960 --> 01:59:01,559 advanced, automated 3~d printing now has the... 2384 01:59:01,560 --> 01:59:05,158 potential to transform virtually every field of production. 2385 01:59:05,159 --> 01:59:07,429 Including home construction. 2386 01:59:07,560 --> 01:59:10,158 Contour Crafting is... 2387 01:59:10,159 --> 01:59:12,999 actually a fabrication technology... 2388 01:59:13,000 --> 01:59:16,870 the so-called 3-D printing... when you directly build 2389 01:59:16,880 --> 01:59:20,679 3~D objects from a computer model. 2390 01:59:20,680 --> 01:59:23,830 Using Contour Crafting, it will be possible... 2391 01:59:23,840 --> 01:59:26,919 to build a 2000 square-foot home... 2392 01:59:26,920 --> 01:59:30,990 entirely by the machine, in one day. 2393 01:59:31,199 --> 01:59:36,318 The reason that people are interested in automating construction... 2394 01:59:36,319 --> 01:59:39,118 is that it really brings a lot of benefits. 2395 01:59:39,119 --> 01:59:43,358 For example, construction is pretty labor-intensive... 2396 01:59:43,359 --> 01:59:49,639 and although it provides jobs for a sector of the society 2397 01:59:49,640 --> 01:59:54,759 it also has issues and complications. 2398 01:59:54,760 --> 01:59:59,679 For example, construction is the most dangerous job that there is. 2399 01:59:59,680 --> 02:00:02,599 It is worse than mining and agriculture. 2400 02:00:02,600 --> 02:00:07,189 That has the highest level of fatality in almost every country. 2401 02:00:07,520 --> 02:00:10,230 Another issue is the waste. 2402 02:00:10,239 --> 02:00:15,519 An average home in the United States has 3 to 7 tons of waste. 2403 02:00:15,520 --> 02:00:21,358 So this is huge if we look at the impact of construction... 2404 02:00:21,359 --> 02:00:24,679 and knowing about 40% of all materials... 2405 02:00:24,680 --> 02:00:27,879 in the world are used in construction. 2406 02:00:27,880 --> 02:00:30,999 So, a big waste of energy and resources... 2407 02:00:31,000 --> 02:00:34,429 and big damage to the environment as well. 2408 02:00:34,439 --> 02:00:39,398 Making homes using hammers and nails and wood... 2409 02:00:39,399 --> 02:00:43,669 with the state of our technology today, is really absurd... 2410 02:00:43,680 --> 02:00:46,999 and will go the way of our labor class in... 2411 02:00:47,000 --> 02:00:50,519 regards to manufacturing in the United States. 2412 02:00:50,520 --> 02:00:56,358 Recently, there was a study by economist David Autor of MIT... 2413 02:00:56,359 --> 02:01:00,278 that states that our middle class is obsolete... 2414 02:01:00,279 --> 02:01:03,309 and being replaced by automation. 2415 02:01:03,680 --> 02:01:06,919 Quite simply, Mechanization is more productive... 2416 02:01:06,920 --> 02:01:09,879 efficient and sustainable than human labor... 2417 02:01:09,880 --> 02:01:12,950 in virtually every sector of the economy today. 2418 02:01:13,000 --> 02:01:16,599 Machines do not need vacations, breaks, insurance, pensions... 2419 02:01:16,600 --> 02:01:19,590 and they can work 24 hours a day, everyday. 2420 02:01:19,600 --> 02:01:22,198 The output potential and accuracy... 2421 02:01:22,199 --> 02:01:25,110 compared to human labor, is unmatched. 2422 02:01:25,600 --> 02:01:29,278 The bottom line: repetitive human labor is becoming obsolete... 2423 02:01:29,279 --> 02:01:31,478 and impractical across the world 2424 02:01:31,479 --> 02:01:34,238 and the unemployment you see around you today... 2425 02:01:34,239 --> 02:01:36,799 is fundamentally the result of this... 2426 02:01:36,800 --> 02:01:39,790 evolution of efficiency in technology. 2427 02:01:40,039 --> 02:01:43,759 For years, market economists have dismissed this growing pattern... 2428 02:01:43,760 --> 02:01:46,999 which could be called "Technological Unemployment... 2429 02:01:47,000 --> 02:01:49,839 because of the fact that new sectors always seemed... 2430 02:01:49,840 --> 02:01:52,790 to emerge to re-absorb the displaced workers. 2431 02:01:52,880 --> 02:01:56,118 Today, the service sector is the only real hub left... 2432 02:01:56,119 --> 02:01:59,839 and currently employs over 80% of the American workforce... 2433 02:01:59,840 --> 02:02:04,038 with most industrialized countries maintaining a similar proportion. 2434 02:02:04,039 --> 02:02:06,158 However, this sector now being... 2435 02:02:06,159 --> 02:02:09,238 challenged increasingly by automated kiosks... 2436 02:02:09,239 --> 02:02:13,078 automated restaurants and even automated stores. 2437 02:02:13,079 --> 02:02:14,799 Economists today are finally... 2438 02:02:14,800 --> 02:02:17,478 acknowledging what they had been denying for years: 2439 02:02:17,479 --> 02:02:21,478 Not only is technological unemployment exasperating the current... 2440 02:02:21,479 --> 02:02:23,478 labor crisis we see across the... 2441 02:02:23,479 --> 02:02:26,238 world due to the global economic downturn... 2442 02:02:26,239 --> 02:02:28,478 but the more the recession deepens... 2443 02:02:28,479 --> 02:02:31,109 the faster the industries are mechanizing. 2444 02:02:31,159 --> 02:02:33,118 The catch, which is not realized... 2445 02:02:33,119 --> 02:02:35,999 is that the faster they mechanize to save money, 2446 02:02:36,000 --> 02:02:37,759 the more they displace people... 2447 02:02:37,760 --> 02:02:40,999 the more they reduce public purchasing power. 2448 02:02:41,000 --> 02:02:42,879 This means that, while the corporation... 2449 02:02:42,880 --> 02:02:44,719 can produce everything more cheaply... 2450 02:02:44,720 --> 02:02:48,390 fewer and fewer people will actually have money to buy anything... 2451 02:02:48,399 --> 02:02:51,038 regardless of how cheap they become. 2452 02:02:51,039 --> 02:02:53,799 The bottom line is that the "labor for... 2453 02:02:53,800 --> 02:02:56,759 income" game is slowly coming to an end. 2454 02:02:56,760 --> 02:02:59,198 In fact, if you take a moment to reflect... 2455 02:02:59,199 --> 02:03:01,599 on the jobs which are in existence today... 2456 02:03:01,600 --> 02:03:05,470 which automation could take over right now, if applied... 2457 02:03:05,520 --> 02:03:08,398 75% of the global workforce could be... 2458 02:03:08,399 --> 02:03:11,269 replaced by mechanization tomorrow. 2459 02:03:11,560 --> 02:03:14,879 And this is why, in a Resource-Based Economy... 2460 02:03:14,880 --> 02:03:17,639 There is no Monetary-Market system. 2461 02:03:17,640 --> 02:03:19,879 No money at all... 2462 02:03:19,880 --> 02:03:21,398 for there is no need. 2463 02:03:21,399 --> 02:03:23,078 a Resource-Based Economy... 2464 02:03:23,079 --> 02:03:25,839 recognizes the efficiency of mechanization 2465 02:03:25,840 --> 02:03:27,799 and accepts it for what it offers. 2466 02:03:27,800 --> 02:03:30,559 It doesn't fight it, like we do today. 2467 02:03:30,560 --> 02:03:33,118 Why? Because it is irresponsible not to... 2468 02:03:33,119 --> 02:03:37,189 given any interest in efficiency and sustainability. 2469 02:03:38,239 --> 02:03:41,150 And this brings us back to our city system. 2470 02:03:41,159 --> 02:03:43,318 In the center is the Central Dome... 2471 02:03:43,319 --> 02:03:45,038 which not only houses the... 2472 02:03:45,039 --> 02:03:47,639 educational facilities and transportation hub... 2473 02:03:47,640 --> 02:03:49,839 it also hosts the mainframe that... 2474 02:03:49,840 --> 02:03:52,398 runs the cities technical operations. 2475 02:03:52,399 --> 02:03:55,759 The city is, in fact, one big automated machine. 2476 02:03:55,760 --> 02:03:57,759 It has sensors in all technical belts... 2477 02:03:57,760 --> 02:03:59,799 to track the progress of architecture... 2478 02:03:59,800 --> 02:04:03,830 energy gathering, production, distribution and the like. 2479 02:04:04,119 --> 02:04:06,639 Now, would people be needed to oversee these... 2480 02:04:06,640 --> 02:04:09,599 operations in the event of a malfunction and the like? 2481 02:04:09,600 --> 02:04:11,038 Most probably: Yes. 2482 02:04:11,039 --> 02:04:12,959 But that number would decrease... 2483 02:04:12,960 --> 02:04:15,229 over time as improvements continue. 2484 02:04:15,239 --> 02:04:17,318 However, as of today, maybe 3% of... 2485 02:04:17,319 --> 02:04:19,519 the city population would be needed... 2486 02:04:19,520 --> 02:04:21,990 for this job when you break it down. 2487 02:04:22,000 --> 02:04:24,238 And I can assure you: 2488 02:04:24,239 --> 02:04:26,278 That in an economic system which is... 2489 02:04:26,279 --> 02:04:28,519 actually designed to take care of you... 2490 02:04:28,520 --> 02:04:30,679 and secure your well being... 2491 02:04:30,680 --> 02:04:32,719 without you having to submit to... 2492 02:04:32,720 --> 02:04:35,318 private dictatorship on a daily basis... 2493 02:04:35,319 --> 02:04:37,639 usually to a job that is either... 2494 02:04:37,640 --> 02:04:40,590 technically unnecessary or socially pointless... 2495 02:04:40,600 --> 02:04:43,639 while often struggling with debt that doesn't exist... 2496 02:04:43,640 --> 02:04:45,799 just to make ends meet... 2497 02:04:45,800 --> 02:04:50,438 I guarantee you: People will volunteer their time left and right... 2498 02:04:50,439 --> 02:04:53,158 to maintain and improve a system... 2499 02:04:53,159 --> 02:04:55,990 that actually takes care of them. 2500 02:04:57,079 --> 02:05:00,229 And coupled with this issue of 'Incentive'... 2501 02:05:00,279 --> 02:05:02,198 comes the common assumption that... 2502 02:05:02,199 --> 02:05:04,278 if there isn't some external pressure... 2503 02:05:04,279 --> 02:05:06,759 for one to "work for a living"... 2504 02:05:06,760 --> 02:05:09,318 people would just sit around, do nothing... 2505 02:05:09,319 --> 02:05:12,030 and turn into fat lazy blobs. 2506 02:05:12,159 --> 02:05:14,478 This is nonsense. 2507 02:05:14,479 --> 02:05:16,799 The labor system we have today is... 2508 02:05:16,800 --> 02:05:19,198 in fact the generator of laziness... 2509 02:05:19,199 --> 02:05:22,030 not a resolver of it. 2510 02:05:22,079 --> 02:05:24,278 If you think back to when you were a child... 2511 02:05:24,279 --> 02:05:27,398 full of life, interested in new things to understand... 2512 02:05:27,399 --> 02:05:29,799 likely creating and exploring... 2513 02:05:29,800 --> 02:05:32,759 but as time went on, the system pushed you... 2514 02:05:32,760 --> 02:05:36,269 into the focus of figuring out how to make money. 2515 02:05:36,279 --> 02:05:37,959 And from early education... 2516 02:05:37,960 --> 02:05:40,799 to study at a university, you are narrowed. 2517 02:05:40,800 --> 02:05:43,639 Only to emerge as a creature which serves... 2518 02:05:43,640 --> 02:05:46,198 as a cog in a wheel in a model that... 2519 02:05:46,199 --> 02:05:48,990 sends all the fruits to the upper 1%. 2520 02:05:49,199 --> 02:05:52,438 Scientific Studies have now shown that people are, in fact... 2521 02:05:52,439 --> 02:05:55,118 not motivated by monetary reward... 2522 02:05:55,119 --> 02:05:57,799 when it comes to ingenuity and creation. 2523 02:05:57,800 --> 02:06:00,630 The creation itself is the reward. 2524 02:06:00,680 --> 02:06:03,599 Money, in fact, appears only to serve as an incentive... 2525 02:06:03,600 --> 02:06:06,238 for repetitive, mundane actions... 2526 02:06:06,239 --> 02:06:10,438 a role we have just now shown can be replaced by machine. 2527 02:06:10,439 --> 02:06:12,358 When it comes to innovation... 2528 02:06:12,359 --> 02:06:14,709 the actual use of the human mind... 2529 02:06:14,760 --> 02:06:17,599 the monetary incentive has proven to be a hindrance... 2530 02:06:17,600 --> 02:06:21,198 interfering and detracting from creative thought. 2531 02:06:21,199 --> 02:06:24,318 And this might explain why Nikola Tesla, the Wright Brothers... 2532 02:06:24,319 --> 02:06:26,839 and other inventors who contributed massively... 2533 02:06:26,840 --> 02:06:28,198 to our current world... 2534 02:06:28,199 --> 02:06:31,679 never showed a monetary incentive to do so. 2535 02:06:31,680 --> 02:06:35,358 Money is, in fact, a false incentive... 2536 02:06:35,359 --> 02:06:38,118 and causes 100 times more distortion... 2537 02:06:38,119 --> 02:06:40,629 than it does contribution. 2538 02:06:42,119 --> 02:06:44,799 Good morning class. Please settle down. 2539 02:06:44,800 --> 02:06:47,999 The first thing I would like to do is go around the room... 2540 02:06:48,000 --> 02:06:51,759 and ask what everyone would like to be when they grow up. 2541 02:06:51,760 --> 02:06:54,038 Who would like to go first? 2542 02:06:54,039 --> 02:06:56,438 Okay, how about you Sarah? 2543 02:06:56,439 --> 02:07:00,919 When I grow up I want to work at McDonald's like my mom! 2544 02:07:00,920 --> 02:07:03,679 Oh, family tradition, eh? 2545 02:07:03,680 --> 02:07:05,759 How about you, Linda? 2546 02:07:05,760 --> 02:07:08,078 When I grow up, I'm going to be a... 2547 02:07:08,079 --> 02:07:11,150 prostitute on the streets of New York City! 2548 02:07:11,159 --> 02:07:13,158 Oh! glamour girl, huh? 2549 02:07:13,159 --> 02:07:15,118 Very ambitious. 2550 02:07:15,119 --> 02:07:16,919 How about you, Tommy? 2551 02:07:16,920 --> 02:07:18,999 When I grow up, I'm going to be a... 2552 02:07:19,000 --> 02:07:21,078 rich, elitist businessman who works... 2553 02:07:21,079 --> 02:07:23,118 on Wall Street and profits off of... 2554 02:07:23,119 --> 02:07:25,198 the collapse of foreign economies. 2555 02:07:25,199 --> 02:07:26,478 Enterprising... 2556 02:07:26,479 --> 02:07:30,509 And great to see some multicultural interest! 2557 02:07:32,239 --> 02:07:33,709 [Victims of Culture] 2558 02:07:33,760 --> 02:07:36,078 As stated before, a Resource-Based... 2559 02:07:36,079 --> 02:07:40,078 Economy applies the Scientific Method to social concern... 2560 02:07:40,079 --> 02:07:43,429 and this isn't limited to simply technical efficiency. 2561 02:07:43,520 --> 02:07:45,559 It also has the consideration of... 2562 02:07:45,560 --> 02:07:49,599 human and social well-being directly and what comprises it. 2563 02:07:49,600 --> 02:07:52,478 What good is a social system if, in the end... 2564 02:07:52,479 --> 02:07:55,959 it doesn't produce happiness and peaceful coexistence? 2565 02:07:55,960 --> 02:07:58,078 So, it is important to point out that... 2566 02:07:58,079 --> 02:08:00,078 with the removal of the money system... 2567 02:08:00,079 --> 02:08:02,559 and the necessities of life provided... 2568 02:08:02,560 --> 02:08:05,078 we would see a global reduction in... 2569 02:08:05,079 --> 02:08:08,238 crime by about 95% almost immediately... 2570 02:08:08,239 --> 02:08:12,038 for there is nothing to steal, embezzle, scam, or the like. 2571 02:08:12,039 --> 02:08:14,959 95% of all people in prisons today are there... 2572 02:08:14,960 --> 02:08:18,309 due to some monetary related crime or drug abuse... 2573 02:08:18,399 --> 02:08:22,709 and drug abuse is a disorder, not a crime. 2574 02:08:23,319 --> 02:08:25,238 So what about the other 5%? 2575 02:08:25,239 --> 02:08:27,038 the truly violent... 2576 02:08:27,039 --> 02:08:28,879 often seeming to some as being... 2577 02:08:28,880 --> 02:08:31,238 violent for the sake of being violent... 2578 02:08:31,239 --> 02:08:34,749 are they just "evil" people? 2579 02:08:35,079 --> 02:08:40,429 The reason that I frankly think it's a waste of time... 2580 02:08:40,439 --> 02:08:43,839 to engage in moral value judgments... 2581 02:08:43,840 --> 02:08:46,559 about people's violence is... 2582 02:08:46,560 --> 02:08:50,470 because it doesn't advance by one iota... 2583 02:08:50,479 --> 02:08:53,679 our understanding of either the causes... 2584 02:08:53,680 --> 02:08:57,750 or the prevention of the violent behavior. 2585 02:08:57,760 --> 02:09:02,189 People sometimes ask if I believe in "forgiving" criminals. 2586 02:09:02,359 --> 02:09:04,318 My answer to that is... 2587 02:09:04,319 --> 02:09:07,238 "No, I don't believe in forgiveness... 2588 02:09:07,239 --> 02:09:10,238 anymore than I believe in condemnation". 2589 02:09:10,239 --> 02:09:12,999 It's only if we, as a society... 2590 02:09:13,000 --> 02:09:16,358 can take the same attitude of treating violence as... 2591 02:09:16,359 --> 02:09:19,759 a problem in public health and preventive medicine... 2592 02:09:19,760 --> 02:09:22,879 rather than as a moral "evil"... 2593 02:09:22,880 --> 02:09:25,599 it's only when we make that change in our... 2594 02:09:25,600 --> 02:09:28,318 own attitudes and assumptions and values... 2595 02:09:28,319 --> 02:09:31,519 that we will actually succeed in reducing the... 2596 02:09:31,520 --> 02:09:34,679 level of violence rather than stimulating it... 2597 02:09:34,680 --> 02:09:36,750 which is what we do now. 2598 02:09:36,960 --> 02:09:39,959 The more justice you seek, the more hurt you become... 2599 02:09:39,960 --> 02:09:41,959 because there's no such thing as justice. 2600 02:09:41,960 --> 02:09:46,158 There is whatever there is out there. That's it. 2601 02:09:46,159 --> 02:09:50,078 In other words, if people are conditioned to be racist bigots... 2602 02:09:50,079 --> 02:09:53,198 if they are brought up in an environment that advocates that... 2603 02:09:53,199 --> 02:09:54,999 why do you blame the person for it? 2604 02:09:55,000 --> 02:09:58,238 They are a victim of a subculture. 2605 02:09:58,239 --> 02:10:00,278 Therefore they have to be helped. 2606 02:10:00,279 --> 02:10:03,679 The point is, we have to redesign the environment... 2607 02:10:03,680 --> 02:10:06,238 that produces aberrant behavior. 2608 02:10:06,239 --> 02:10:07,398 That's the problem. 2609 02:10:07,399 --> 02:10:09,349 Not putting a person in jail. 2610 02:10:09,600 --> 02:10:12,519 That's why judges, lawyers... 2611 02:10:12,520 --> 02:10:15,238 "freedom of choice", such concepts... 2612 02:10:15,239 --> 02:10:19,719 are dangerous, because it gives you mis-information. 2613 02:10:19,720 --> 02:10:23,438 That the person is "bad"... or that person is a "serial killer". 2614 02:10:23,439 --> 02:10:25,238 Serial killers are made... 2615 02:10:25,239 --> 02:10:30,189 just like soldiers become serial killers with a machine gun. 2616 02:10:30,279 --> 02:10:32,799 They become killing machines, but nobody... 2617 02:10:32,800 --> 02:10:35,358 looks at them as murderers or assassins... 2618 02:10:35,359 --> 02:10:37,389 because that's "natural". 2619 02:10:37,439 --> 02:10:39,238 So we blame people. 2620 02:10:39,239 --> 02:10:42,198 We say, "Well, this guy was a Nazi, he tortured Jews". 2621 02:10:42,199 --> 02:10:45,318 No, he was brought up to torture Jews. 2622 02:10:45,319 --> 02:10:47,919 Once you accept the fact that people... 2623 02:10:47,920 --> 02:10:50,759 have individual choices and they are free... 2624 02:10:50,760 --> 02:10:53,278 to make those choices... Free to make... 2625 02:10:53,279 --> 02:10:55,839 choices means without being influenced... 2626 02:10:55,840 --> 02:10:58,198 and I can't understand that at all. 2627 02:10:58,199 --> 02:11:01,999 All of us are influenced in all of our choices... 2628 02:11:02,000 --> 02:11:05,038 by the culture we live in, by our parents... 2629 02:11:05,039 --> 02:11:07,238 and by the values that dominate. 2630 02:11:07,239 --> 02:11:10,919 So, we're influenced, so there can't be "free" choices. 2631 02:11:10,920 --> 02:11:13,519 What's the greatest country in the world?' the true answer: 2632 02:11:13,520 --> 02:11:16,118 I haven't been all over the world and I don't know... 2633 02:11:16,119 --> 02:11:20,110 enough about different cultures to answer that question'. 2634 02:11:20,199 --> 02:11:22,398 I don't know anybody that speaks that way. 2635 02:11:22,399 --> 02:11:24,759 They say 'it's the good old USA! 2636 02:11:24,760 --> 02:11:26,238 the greatest country in the world!' 2637 02:11:26,239 --> 02:11:28,679 There is no survey... 'Have you been to India?'.. 'No'. 2638 02:11:28,680 --> 02:11:30,078 Have you been to England?'... 'No'. 2639 02:11:30,079 --> 02:11:31,599 Have you been to France?'... 'No'. 2640 02:11:31,600 --> 02:11:33,519 Then what do you make your assumptions on?' 2641 02:11:33,520 --> 02:11:35,839 They can't answer- they get mad at you. 2642 02:11:35,840 --> 02:11:37,478 They say, 'God dammit! Who the hell... 2643 02:11:37,479 --> 02:11:39,709 are you to tell me what to think?!' 2644 02:11:39,720 --> 02:11:42,318 You know... Don't forget: You're dealing with aberrated people. 2645 02:11:42,319 --> 02:11:44,879 They are not responsible for the answers, 2646 02:11:44,880 --> 02:11:47,839 they're victims of culture and that means... 2647 02:11:47,840 --> 02:11:50,910 they have been influenced by their culture. 2648 02:12:17,960 --> 02:12:20,078 When we consider a Resource-Based Economy... 2649 02:12:20,079 --> 02:12:23,358 there are often a number of arguments that tend to come up with... 2650 02:12:23,359 --> 02:12:24,839 EH! 2651 02:12:24,840 --> 02:12:26,679 Eh! Hey! 2652 02:12:26,680 --> 02:12:29,318 - Now hold on just a minute! - Yes. 2653 02:12:29,319 --> 02:12:33,709 I know what this is. This is called Marxism, buddy. 2654 02:12:33,720 --> 02:12:38,318 Stalin killed 800 billion people because of ideas like this... 2655 02:12:38,319 --> 02:12:41,799 [My father died in the Gulag!] 2656 02:12:41,800 --> 02:12:44,318 [Communist! Fascist!] 2657 02:12:44,319 --> 02:12:45,719 You don't like America you should just leave! 2658 02:12:45,720 --> 02:12:47,358 All right, everybody just calm down... 2659 02:12:47,359 --> 02:12:49,318 Death to the New World Order! 2660 02:12:49,319 --> 02:12:51,198 Death to the New World Order! 2661 02:12:51,199 --> 02:12:53,118 And as the irrationality of the... 2662 02:12:53,119 --> 02:12:55,238 audience grew, shocked and confused: 2663 02:12:55,239 --> 02:12:58,389 Suddenly the narrator suffered a fatal heart attack'. 2664 02:12:59,560 --> 02:13:05,189 And the seemingly communist propaganda film was no more. 2665 02:13:13,680 --> 02:13:16,559 But you know, I've said that sort of thing to people... 2666 02:13:16,560 --> 02:13:19,198 in 'think tank' type situations... 2667 02:13:19,199 --> 02:13:23,118 you know these Club of Rome types and so forth... 2668 02:13:23,119 --> 02:13:24,679 they say"Marxist"! 2669 02:13:24,680 --> 02:13:26,639 What? Marxist? Where did that come from? 2670 02:13:26,640 --> 02:13:30,398 They just... they got this icon they hold onto... 2671 02:13:30,399 --> 02:13:32,799 it's their Holy Grail... 2672 02:13:32,800 --> 02:13:34,759 and it's such an easy one, you know. 2673 02:13:34,760 --> 02:13:38,238 People ask if I'm a Socialist or a Communist or Capitalist... 2674 02:13:38,239 --> 02:13:40,559 I say I am none of the above. Why do you... 2675 02:13:40,560 --> 02:13:42,839 think that those are the only options? 2676 02:13:42,840 --> 02:13:44,959 All of those political constructs... 2677 02:13:44,960 --> 02:13:47,198 were created by writers who assumed... 2678 02:13:47,199 --> 02:13:50,078 we lived on a planet of infinite resources. 2679 02:13:50,079 --> 02:13:52,999 Not one of those political philosophies even... 2680 02:13:53,000 --> 02:13:56,679 contemplates that there might be a shortage of anything. 2681 02:13:56,680 --> 02:14:00,999 I believe that communism, socialism, free enterprise, fascism... 2682 02:14:01,000 --> 02:14:03,719 are part of social evolution. 2683 02:14:03,720 --> 02:14:06,078 You can't take a giant step... 2684 02:14:06,079 --> 02:14:07,959 from one culture to another... 2685 02:14:07,960 --> 02:14:09,799 there are in-between systems. 2686 02:14:09,800 --> 02:14:11,919 Before there's any "I'sm", we have a life ground... 2687 02:14:11,920 --> 02:14:13,879 and the life ground is as I've just described 2688 02:14:13,880 --> 02:14:15,759 most easily as all the conditions... 2689 02:14:15,760 --> 02:14:17,478 required to take your next breath... 2690 02:14:17,479 --> 02:14:19,879 and that involves the air you breathe... 2691 02:14:19,880 --> 02:14:22,999 the water you get, the safety you have... 2692 02:14:23,000 --> 02:14:25,118 the education you can access, all... 2693 02:14:25,119 --> 02:14:27,839 these things that we share and use and that... 2694 02:14:27,840 --> 02:14:31,158 no life, in any culture, can do without. 2695 02:14:31,159 --> 02:14:34,879 So we've got to reset down to the Life Ground... 2696 02:14:34,880 --> 02:14:37,599 and the life ground is no longer any "I'sm". 2697 02:14:37,600 --> 02:14:40,670 It's "life value analysis". 2698 02:14:43,680 --> 02:14:46,198 It's simply a matter of historical fact... 2699 02:14:46,199 --> 02:14:48,639 that the dominant intellectual culture... 2700 02:14:48,640 --> 02:14:50,959 of any particular society reflects the... 2701 02:14:50,960 --> 02:14:53,999 interests of the dominant group in that society. 2702 02:14:54,000 --> 02:14:55,999 In a slave owning society... 2703 02:14:56,000 --> 02:14:59,118 the beliefs about human beings and human rights 2704 02:14:59,119 --> 02:15:02,599 and so on will reflect the needs of the slave owners. 2705 02:15:02,600 --> 02:15:05,398 In the society, again, which is based on... 2706 02:15:05,399 --> 02:15:10,519 the power of certain people to control and profit from... 2707 02:15:10,520 --> 02:15:13,759 the lives and work of millions of others... 2708 02:15:13,760 --> 02:15:16,118 the dominant intellectual culture will... 2709 02:15:16,119 --> 02:15:18,599 reflect the needs of the dominant group. 2710 02:15:18,600 --> 02:15:22,198 So, if you look across the board, the... 2711 02:15:22,199 --> 02:15:25,238 ideas that pervade psychology and... 2712 02:15:25,239 --> 02:15:28,238 sociology and history... 2713 02:15:28,239 --> 02:15:30,879 and political economy and political science... 2714 02:15:30,880 --> 02:15:34,599 fundamentally reflect certain elite interests. 2715 02:15:34,600 --> 02:15:38,318 And the academics who question that too much... 2716 02:15:38,319 --> 02:15:41,038 tend to get shunted to the side or... 2717 02:15:41,039 --> 02:15:43,679 to be seen as sort of "radicals". 2718 02:15:43,680 --> 02:15:45,759 The dominant values of a culture... 2719 02:15:45,760 --> 02:15:47,839 tend to support and perpetuate... 2720 02:15:47,840 --> 02:15:50,118 what is rewarded by that culture. 2721 02:15:50,119 --> 02:15:52,238 And in a society where success and... 2722 02:15:52,239 --> 02:15:54,639 status is measured by material wealth... 2723 02:15:54,640 --> 02:15:56,839 not social contribution... 2724 02:15:56,840 --> 02:16:01,559 it is easy to see why the state of the world is what it is today. 2725 02:16:01,560 --> 02:16:04,398 We are dealing with a value system disorder... 2726 02:16:04,399 --> 02:16:06,198 completely denatured... 2727 02:16:06,199 --> 02:16:08,839 where the priority of personal and social health... 2728 02:16:08,840 --> 02:16:11,599 have become secondary to the detrimental... 2729 02:16:11,600 --> 02:16:15,078 notions of artificial wealth and limitless growth. 2730 02:16:15,079 --> 02:16:17,438 And, like a virus, this disorder now... 2731 02:16:17,439 --> 02:16:19,799 permeates every facet of government... 2732 02:16:19,800 --> 02:16:23,839 news media... entertainment... and even academia. 2733 02:16:23,840 --> 02:16:25,799 And built into its structure... 2734 02:16:25,800 --> 02:16:27,879 are mechanisms of protection... 2735 02:16:27,880 --> 02:16:30,438 from anything that might interfere. 2736 02:16:30,439 --> 02:16:33,078 Disciples of the Monetary-Market religion... 2737 02:16:33,079 --> 02:16:36,199 the Self-Appointed Guardians of the Status Quo... 2738 02:16:36,200 --> 02:16:40,119 constantly seek out ways to avoid any form of thought... 2739 02:16:40,120 --> 02:16:42,519 which might interfere with their beliefs. 2740 02:16:42,520 --> 02:16:46,679 The most common of which: Are Projected Dualities. 2741 02:16:46,680 --> 02:16:49,558 If you're not a Republican, you must be a Democrat. 2742 02:16:49,559 --> 02:16:52,679 If you are not Christian, you might be a Satanist... 2743 02:16:52,680 --> 02:16:55,238 and if you feel society can be greatly improved... 2744 02:16:55,239 --> 02:16:57,158 to consider, perhaps... I don't know... 2745 02:16:57,159 --> 02:16:59,158 taking care of everyone? 2746 02:16:59,159 --> 02:17:01,398 you're just a "Utopianist". 2747 02:17:01,399 --> 02:17:03,638 And the most insidious of them all: 2748 02:17:03,639 --> 02:17:06,039 If you are not for the "free-market"... 2749 02:17:06,040 --> 02:17:08,839 you must be against freedom itself. 2750 02:17:08,840 --> 02:17:11,039 I'm a believer in freedom! 2751 02:17:11,040 --> 02:17:12,798 Every time you hear the word freedom... 2752 02:17:12,799 --> 02:17:14,999 being said anywhere or government interference... 2753 02:17:15,000 --> 02:17:19,670 said anywhere, it means, decoded: 2754 02:17:19,719 --> 02:17:23,318 Blocking maximization of turning money... 2755 02:17:23,319 --> 02:17:27,549 into more money for private money possessors. 2756 02:17:27,559 --> 02:17:29,519 That's it. Every other thing they'll say: 2757 02:17:29,520 --> 02:17:31,478 'Oh, we need more commodities for people', 2758 02:17:31,479 --> 02:17:35,638 'Oh, this is freedom against tyranny' and so forth... 2759 02:17:35,639 --> 02:17:38,359 every time you see it, you can decode it down to... 2760 02:17:38,360 --> 02:17:41,199 that and I think you'll find a one-to-one correlation... 2761 02:17:41,200 --> 02:17:42,638 with every time they use it. 2762 02:17:42,639 --> 02:17:45,679 And this, in a sense, we might call: 2763 02:17:45,680 --> 02:17:50,679 ASyntax. A governing syntax of understanding and of value. 2764 02:17:50,680 --> 02:17:53,798 So, it governs beneath their own recognition of it... 2765 02:17:53,799 --> 02:17:56,238 so they might say: 'Oh, I didn't mean that at all!' 2766 02:17:56,239 --> 02:17:58,158 but in fact, that's what they do. 2767 02:17:58,159 --> 02:18:00,199 Just like you may speak a grammar... 2768 02:18:00,200 --> 02:18:02,279 and you have rules of grammar you follow... 2769 02:18:02,280 --> 02:18:04,359 without recognizing what the rules are... 2770 02:18:04,360 --> 02:18:08,398 and so what we have is what I call the "Ruling Value Syntax"... 2771 02:18:08,399 --> 02:18:11,718 that underlies this. So, every time they use these words: 2772 02:18:11,719 --> 02:18:15,199 government interference', 'lack of freedom' or 'freedom'... 2773 02:18:15,200 --> 02:18:17,798 or 'progress' or 'development'... 2774 02:18:17,799 --> 02:18:22,909 you can decode them all to come back to mean that. 2775 02:18:22,959 --> 02:18:25,638 Of course, when you hear the word 'freedom'... 2776 02:18:25,639 --> 02:18:27,798 it tends to be in same sentence... 2777 02:18:27,799 --> 02:18:30,238 with something called 'democracy'. 2778 02:18:30,239 --> 02:18:33,158 It's fascinating how people today seem to believe... 2779 02:18:33,159 --> 02:18:35,318 that they actually have a relevant... 2780 02:18:35,319 --> 02:18:37,679 influence on what their government does... 2781 02:18:37,680 --> 02:18:40,199 forgetting that the very nature of... 2782 02:18:40,200 --> 02:18:42,878 our system offers everything for sale. 2783 02:18:42,879 --> 02:18:45,679 The only vote that counts is the monetary vote... 2784 02:18:45,680 --> 02:18:47,798 and it doesn't matter how much any... 2785 02:18:47,799 --> 02:18:50,679 activist yells about ethics and accountability. 2786 02:18:50,680 --> 02:18:54,718 In a market system, every politician, every legislation... 2787 02:18:54,719 --> 02:18:57,999 and hence, every government is for sale. 2788 02:18:58,000 --> 02:19:01,519 And even with the 20 trillion dollar bank bailouts... 2789 02:19:01,520 --> 02:19:03,638 starting in 2007... 2790 02:19:03,639 --> 02:19:06,398 an amount of money which could have changed... 2791 02:19:06,399 --> 02:19:08,638 say, the global energy infrastructure... 2792 02:19:08,639 --> 02:19:10,439 to fully renewable methods... 2793 02:19:10,440 --> 02:19:12,759 instead going to a series of institutions... 2794 02:19:12,760 --> 02:19:14,999 that literally do nothing to help society... 2795 02:19:15,000 --> 02:19:16,878 institutions that could be... 2796 02:19:16,879 --> 02:19:19,599 removed tomorrow with no recourse... 2797 02:19:19,600 --> 02:19:22,478 the blind conditioning that politics and... 2798 02:19:22,479 --> 02:19:27,999 politicians exist for the public well-being still continues. 2799 02:19:28,000 --> 02:19:31,119 The fact is, politics is a business... 2800 02:19:31,120 --> 02:19:34,078 no different than any other in a market system... 2801 02:19:34,079 --> 02:19:38,350 and they care about their self-interest before anything else. 2802 02:19:38,399 --> 02:19:42,679 I don't really, honestly, deep down believe in political action. 2803 02:19:42,680 --> 02:19:45,919 I think the system contracts and expands as it wants to. 2804 02:19:45,920 --> 02:19:47,718 It accommodates these changes. 2805 02:19:47,719 --> 02:19:50,199 I think the civil rights movement was an accommodation... 2806 02:19:50,200 --> 02:19:52,279 on the part of those who own the country. 2807 02:19:52,280 --> 02:19:55,119 I think they see where their self-interest lies, 2808 02:19:55,120 --> 02:19:57,878 they see a certain amount of freedom seems good... 2809 02:19:57,879 --> 02:20:01,078 an illusion of liberty, give these people a voting day every year... 2810 02:20:01,079 --> 02:20:04,119 so that they will have the illusion of meaningless choice. 2811 02:20:04,120 --> 02:20:07,558 Meaningless choice, that we go, like slaves and say... 2812 02:20:07,559 --> 02:20:11,078 "Oh, I Voted". The limits of debate in this country are established... 2813 02:20:11,079 --> 02:20:13,039 before the debate even begins and everyone... 2814 02:20:13,040 --> 02:20:15,039 else is marginalized and made to seem either... 2815 02:20:15,040 --> 02:20:17,759 to be communist or some sort of disloyal person... 2816 02:20:17,760 --> 02:20:19,558 a "kook"... there's a word... 2817 02:20:19,559 --> 02:20:21,878 and now it's "conspiracy". See- they made that. 2818 02:20:21,879 --> 02:20:24,919 Something that should not be even entertained for a minute: 2819 02:20:24,920 --> 02:20:28,078 that powerful people might get together and have a plan! 2820 02:20:28,079 --> 02:20:33,189 Doesn't happen! You're a "kook"! Your a "conspiracy buff"! 2821 02:20:33,639 --> 02:20:37,119 And of all the mechanisms of defense of this system... 2822 02:20:37,120 --> 02:20:40,030 there are two that repeatedly come up. 2823 02:20:40,120 --> 02:20:43,718 The first is this idea that the system has been the "cause"... 2824 02:20:43,719 --> 02:20:47,119 of the material progress we have seen on this planet. 2825 02:20:47,120 --> 02:20:49,158 Well... No. 2826 02:20:49,159 --> 02:20:51,798 There are basically two root causes which 2827 02:20:51,799 --> 02:20:54,679 have created the increased so-called "wealth"... 2828 02:20:54,680 --> 02:20:57,519 and population growth we see today. 2829 02:20:57,520 --> 02:21:01,439 One: the exponential advancement of production technology, 2830 02:21:01,440 --> 02:21:03,958 hence scientific ingenuity. 2831 02:21:03,959 --> 02:21:08,839 And Two: The initial discovery of abundant hydrocarbon energy... 2832 02:21:08,840 --> 02:21:13,478 which is currently the foundation of the entire socio-economic system. 2833 02:21:13,479 --> 02:21:15,439 The free-market / capitalist / monetary 2834 02:21:15,440 --> 02:21:17,599 market system... whatever you want to call it... 2835 02:21:17,600 --> 02:21:21,199 has done nothing but ride the wave of these advents... 2836 02:21:21,200 --> 02:21:24,718 with a distorted incentive system and a haphazard... 2837 02:21:24,719 --> 02:21:30,389 grossly unequal method of utilizing and distributing those fruits. 2838 02:21:30,440 --> 02:21:33,839 The second defense is a belligerent social bias... 2839 02:21:33,840 --> 02:21:36,238 generated from years of propaganda... 2840 02:21:36,239 --> 02:21:38,798 which sees any other social system... 2841 02:21:38,799 --> 02:21:41,318 as a route to so called "tyranny"... 2842 02:21:41,319 --> 02:21:44,878 with various name droppings of Stalin, Mao, Hitler... 2843 02:21:44,879 --> 02:21:47,119 and the death tolls they generated. 2844 02:21:47,120 --> 02:21:50,158 Well, as despotic as these men might have been... 2845 02:21:50,159 --> 02:21:53,599 along with the societal approaches they perpetuated... 2846 02:21:53,600 --> 02:21:55,798 when it comes to the game of death... 2847 02:21:55,799 --> 02:21:57,919 when comes to the systematic... 2848 02:21:57,920 --> 02:22:00,238 daily mass murder of human beings... 2849 02:22:00,239 --> 02:22:04,830 Nothing in history compares to what we have today. 2850 02:22:04,920 --> 02:22:10,318 Famines, throughout at least the last century of our history... 2851 02:22:10,319 --> 02:22:12,919 have not been caused by a lack of food. 2852 02:22:12,920 --> 02:22:16,119 They have been caused by relative poverty. 2853 02:22:16,120 --> 02:22:20,478 The economic resources were so inequitably distributed... 2854 02:22:20,479 --> 02:22:23,759 that the poor simply didn't have enough money... 2855 02:22:23,760 --> 02:22:26,398 with which to buy the food that would've been... 2856 02:22:26,399 --> 02:22:29,509 available if they could have afforded to pay for it. 2857 02:22:29,559 --> 02:22:32,359 That would be an example of Structural Violence. 2858 02:22:32,360 --> 02:22:36,958 Another example: in Africa and other areas... 2859 02:22:36,959 --> 02:22:39,558 I'll particularly focus on Africa... 2860 02:22:39,559 --> 02:22:42,638 tens of millions of people are dying of AIDS. 2861 02:22:42,639 --> 02:22:44,638 Why are they dying? 2862 02:22:44,639 --> 02:22:47,318 It's not because we don't know how to treat AIDS. 2863 02:22:47,319 --> 02:22:51,269 We have millions of people in the wealthy countries... 2864 02:22:51,280 --> 02:22:54,750 getting along remarkably well because... 2865 02:22:54,840 --> 02:22:57,158 they have the medicines that will treat it. 2866 02:22:57,159 --> 02:23:00,158 The people in Africa who are dying of AIDS... 2867 02:23:00,159 --> 02:23:03,078 are not dying because of the HIV virus... 2868 02:23:03,079 --> 02:23:05,999 they are dying because they don't have the money with... 2869 02:23:06,000 --> 02:23:09,070 which to pay for the drugs that would keep them alive. 2870 02:23:09,120 --> 02:23:11,039 Gandhi saw this. He said: 2871 02:23:11,040 --> 02:23:16,230 "The deadliest form of violence is poverty". 2872 02:23:16,239 --> 02:23:18,078 And that's absolutely right. 2873 02:23:18,079 --> 02:23:23,078 Poverty kills far more people than all the wars in history, 2874 02:23:23,079 --> 02:23:25,519 more people than all the murderers in history, 2875 02:23:25,520 --> 02:23:28,558 more than all the suicides in history... 2876 02:23:28,559 --> 02:23:32,158 not only does Structural Violence kill more people... 2877 02:23:32,159 --> 02:23:35,350 than all the behavioral violence put together... 2878 02:23:35,360 --> 02:23:38,158 Structural Violence is also the... 2879 02:23:38,159 --> 02:23:41,070 main cause of behavioral violence. 2880 02:23:46,639 --> 02:23:50,789 Oil is the foundation of 2881 02:23:51,159 --> 02:23:55,478 and is present throughout, the edifice of human civilization. 2882 02:23:55,479 --> 02:23:59,679 There are 10 calories of hydrocarbon energy "oil and natural gas"... 2883 02:23:59,680 --> 02:24:03,878 in every calorie of food you and I eat in the industrialized world. 2884 02:24:03,879 --> 02:24:06,599 Fertilizers are made from natural gas. 2885 02:24:06,600 --> 02:24:08,759 Pesticides are made from oil. 2886 02:24:08,760 --> 02:24:11,558 You drive oil-powered machines to plant... plow... irrigate... harvest... 2887 02:24:11,559 --> 02:24:14,039 transport package. You wrap the food... 2888 02:24:14,040 --> 02:24:16,798 in plastic that's oil. All plastic is oil. 2889 02:24:16,799 --> 02:24:19,439 There are 7 gallons of oil in every tire. 2890 02:24:19,440 --> 02:24:22,599 Oil is everywhere, it's ubiquitous. And it's only because... 2891 02:24:22,600 --> 02:24:24,958 of oil that there are 7 billion people or... 2892 02:24:24,959 --> 02:24:27,749 almost 7 billion people on this planet right now. 2893 02:24:27,920 --> 02:24:30,199 The arrival of this cheap and easy energy... 2894 02:24:30,200 --> 02:24:32,279 which is equivalent, by the way, to... 2895 02:24:32,280 --> 02:24:36,070 billions of slaves working around the clock... 2896 02:24:36,159 --> 02:24:40,039 changed the world in such a radical way over the last century... 2897 02:24:40,040 --> 02:24:43,359 and the population has gone up 10 times. 2898 02:24:43,360 --> 02:24:47,710 But, by 2050, oil supply is able to support... 2899 02:24:47,719 --> 02:24:49,839 less than half the present world's... 2900 02:24:49,840 --> 02:24:52,078 population in their present way of life. 2901 02:24:52,079 --> 02:24:57,279 So, the scale of adjustment to live differently is just enormous. 2902 02:24:57,280 --> 02:25:01,199 The world is now using six barrels of oil for every barrel of finds. 2903 02:25:01,200 --> 02:25:03,039 Five years ago it was using four... 2904 02:25:03,040 --> 02:25:05,439 barrels of oil for every barrel it finds. 2905 02:25:05,440 --> 02:25:07,199 A year from now it is going to be using... 2906 02:25:07,200 --> 02:25:09,238 eight barrels of oil for every barrel of finds. 2907 02:25:09,239 --> 02:25:11,439 What's disturbing to me is the... 2908 02:25:11,440 --> 02:25:16,199 lack of any real effort from governments worldwide... 2909 02:25:16,200 --> 02:25:19,999 and industry leaders worldwide to do something different. 2910 02:25:20,000 --> 02:25:24,039 We have these, sort of, attempts to build more wind power... 2911 02:25:24,040 --> 02:25:26,718 and to maybe do something with Tide... 2912 02:25:26,719 --> 02:25:31,199 we've got attempts to make our cars a little bit more efficient... 2913 02:25:31,200 --> 02:25:33,558 but there's nothing which really looks like a... 2914 02:25:33,559 --> 02:25:36,199 revolution coming along... these are all pretty minor... 2915 02:25:36,200 --> 02:25:38,398 and that I think is pretty frightening. 2916 02:25:38,399 --> 02:25:41,999 And the governments who are driven by these economists... 2917 02:25:42,000 --> 02:25:45,158 who don't really appreciate what we're talking about... 2918 02:25:45,159 --> 02:25:50,279 are trying to stimulate consumerism to restore past prosperity... 2919 02:25:50,280 --> 02:25:52,638 in the hope that they can restore the past. 2920 02:25:52,639 --> 02:25:56,638 They're printing yet more money lacking any collateral at all. 2921 02:25:56,639 --> 02:25:58,679 So, if the economy improves and... 2922 02:25:58,680 --> 02:26:01,318 recovers and the famous growth comes back... 2923 02:26:01,319 --> 02:26:03,558 it will only be short-lived because... 2924 02:26:03,559 --> 02:26:07,039 within a short period of time counted in months... 2925 02:26:07,040 --> 02:26:10,999 rather than years it will hit the supply barrier again, 2926 02:26:11,000 --> 02:26:12,679 there will be another price shock... 2927 02:26:12,680 --> 02:26:14,599 and a deeper recession. So I think... 2928 02:26:14,600 --> 02:26:16,679 we go into a series of vicious circles... 2929 02:26:16,680 --> 02:26:18,759 So you have the economic growth going up, price... 2930 02:26:18,760 --> 02:26:21,199 spike... everything shuts down. That's where we are now. 2931 02:26:21,200 --> 02:26:24,759 Then it starts to come up again but what we have now is this... 2932 02:26:24,760 --> 02:26:28,679 area where there's no more ability to produce cheap energy. 2933 02:26:28,680 --> 02:26:31,718 We're at the peak... were on the down slope of oil production. 2934 02:26:31,719 --> 02:26:35,439 No way you're going to get any more out of the ground any faster... 2935 02:26:35,440 --> 02:26:39,398 which means that things shut down, he price of oil drops... 2936 02:26:39,399 --> 02:26:45,078 which it did in early 2009 but then as you have a "recovery"... 2937 02:26:45,079 --> 02:26:46,999 the price of oil starts to come back. 2938 02:26:47,000 --> 02:26:49,190 It's recently been hovering around 80 dollars... 2939 02:26:49,319 --> 02:26:51,599 a barrel and what we see is that at even at 80 dollars a... 2940 02:26:51,600 --> 02:26:53,999 barrel now, with the financial and economic collapse... 2941 02:26:54,000 --> 02:26:55,958 people are having a hard time affording that. 2942 02:26:55,959 --> 02:27:00,829 World oil production right now is about 86 million barrels a day. 2943 02:27:00,840 --> 02:27:04,318 Over 10 years, you're looking at... 2944 02:27:04,319 --> 02:27:08,590 roughly 14 million barrels a day having to be replaced. 2945 02:27:08,639 --> 02:27:12,078 There's nothing around which can come even... 2946 02:27:12,079 --> 02:27:14,958 within 1% of meeting that sort of demand. 2947 02:27:14,959 --> 02:27:17,478 If we don't do something pretty quickly... 2948 02:27:17,479 --> 02:27:20,798 there's going to be a huge energy deficiency. 2949 02:27:20,799 --> 02:27:24,919 I think the big mistake is in not recognizing... 2950 02:27:24,920 --> 02:27:28,878 a decade or so ago that a concerted effort... 2951 02:27:28,879 --> 02:27:30,279 needed to be made to develop... 2952 02:27:30,280 --> 02:27:31,958 these sustainable forms of energy. 2953 02:27:31,959 --> 02:27:35,478 I think that's something our grandchildren will look back on with... 2954 02:27:35,479 --> 02:27:39,599 total disbelief. 'You people knew you... 2955 02:27:39,600 --> 02:27:42,238 were dealing with a finite commodity... 2956 02:27:42,239 --> 02:27:45,478 how could you possibly have build your economy... 2957 02:27:45,479 --> 02:27:48,869 around something which was going to disappear?' 2958 02:27:49,000 --> 02:27:51,070 For the first time in human history... 2959 02:27:51,079 --> 02:27:54,919 the species is now faced with the depletion of a core resource... 2960 02:27:54,920 --> 02:27:57,599 central to our current system of survival. 2961 02:27:57,600 --> 02:27:59,958 And the punchline of the whole thing is... 2962 02:27:59,959 --> 02:28:02,279 that even with oil becoming more scarce 2963 02:28:02,280 --> 02:28:05,398 the economic system will still blindly push... 2964 02:28:05,399 --> 02:28:07,439 its cancerous growth model... 2965 02:28:07,440 --> 02:28:10,718 so people can go out and buy more oil powered cars... 2966 02:28:10,719 --> 02:28:16,078 to generate GDP and jobs... exasperating the decline. 2967 02:28:16,079 --> 02:28:18,158 Are there solutions to replace the... 2968 02:28:18,159 --> 02:28:20,238 edifice of the hydrocarbon economy? 2969 02:28:20,239 --> 02:28:21,629 Of course. 2970 02:28:21,719 --> 02:28:24,119 But the path needed to accomplish these changes... 2971 02:28:24,120 --> 02:28:28,478 will not manifest through the Market System Protocols required... 2972 02:28:28,479 --> 02:28:30,839 since new solutions can only be... 2973 02:28:30,840 --> 02:28:33,949 implemented through the Profit Mechanism. 2974 02:28:33,959 --> 02:28:36,638 People are not investing in renewable energies... 2975 02:28:36,639 --> 02:28:39,999 because there is no money in it in both long and short term. 2976 02:28:40,000 --> 02:28:42,558 And the commitment needed to make it happen... 2977 02:28:42,559 --> 02:28:45,599 can only occur at a severe financial loss. 2978 02:28:45,600 --> 02:28:48,798 Therefore, there is no monetary incentive and in this... 2979 02:28:48,799 --> 02:28:53,429 system, if there is no monetary incentive, things do not happen. 2980 02:28:53,639 --> 02:28:55,919 And on top of it all, Peak Oil is 2981 02:28:55,920 --> 02:28:58,558 just one of many surfacing consequences 2982 02:28:58,559 --> 02:29:02,878 of the environmental-social train wreck gaining speed today. 2983 02:29:02,879 --> 02:29:05,238 Other declines include Fresh Water... 2984 02:29:05,239 --> 02:29:07,439 the very fabric of our existence... 2985 02:29:07,440 --> 02:29:09,078 which is currently showing... 2986 02:29:09,079 --> 02:29:11,599 shortages for 2.8 billion people... 2987 02:29:11,600 --> 02:29:16,270 and those shortages are on pace to reach 4 billion by 2030. 2988 02:29:16,360 --> 02:29:17,919 Food Production: 2989 02:29:17,920 --> 02:29:21,919 The destruction of arable crop land, from which... 2990 02:29:21,920 --> 02:29:24,718 99.7% of all human food comes from today... 2991 02:29:24,719 --> 02:29:29,229 is occurring up to 40 times faster than it is being replenished... 2992 02:29:29,280 --> 02:29:31,798 and over the last 40 years, 30% of the... 2993 02:29:31,799 --> 02:29:34,519 arable land has become unproductive. 2994 02:29:34,520 --> 02:29:37,599 Not to mention that hydrocarbons are the backbone... 2995 02:29:37,600 --> 02:29:40,398 of agriculture today and as it declines... 2996 02:29:40,399 --> 02:29:42,679 so will the food supply. 2997 02:29:42,680 --> 02:29:44,398 As far as resources in general... 2998 02:29:44,399 --> 02:29:47,718 at our current patterns of consumption, by 2030... 2999 02:29:47,719 --> 02:29:51,039 we will need 2 planets to continue our rates. 3000 02:29:51,040 --> 02:29:53,359 Not to mention the continual destruction... 3001 02:29:53,360 --> 02:29:55,878 of life supporting biodiversity... 3002 02:29:55,879 --> 02:29:57,718 causing extinction spasms and... 3003 02:29:57,719 --> 02:30:00,718 environmental destabilization across the globe. 3004 02:30:00,719 --> 02:30:02,638 And with all of these declines... 3005 02:30:02,639 --> 02:30:05,359 we have the near exponential population growth... 3006 02:30:05,360 --> 02:30:08,078 where by 2030 there might be over... 3007 02:30:08,079 --> 02:30:10,789 8 billion people on this planet. 3008 02:30:10,799 --> 02:30:13,679 Energy production alone would need to... 3009 02:30:13,680 --> 02:30:17,638 increase 44% by 2030 to meet such demand. 3010 02:30:17,639 --> 02:30:22,119 And again, since money is the only initiator of action... 3011 02:30:22,120 --> 02:30:24,119 are we to expect that any country on... 3012 02:30:24,120 --> 02:30:26,390 the planet is going to be able to afford... 3013 02:30:26,440 --> 02:30:29,839 the massive changes needed to revolutionize agriculture... 3014 02:30:29,840 --> 02:30:33,078 water processing, energy production and the like? 3015 02:30:33,079 --> 02:30:34,999 When the global debt pyramid scheme is... 3016 02:30:35,000 --> 02:30:37,839 slowly shutting the entire world down... 3017 02:30:37,840 --> 02:30:39,279 Not to mention the fact that... 3018 02:30:39,280 --> 02:30:40,958 the unemployment you currently see... 3019 02:30:40,959 --> 02:30:43,158 is going to become normality due to... 3020 02:30:43,159 --> 02:30:45,759 the nature of technological unemployment. 3021 02:30:45,760 --> 02:30:48,478 The jobs are not coming back. 3022 02:30:48,479 --> 02:30:50,958 And finally, a broad social perspective. 3023 02:30:50,959 --> 02:30:53,839 From the 1970 to 2010, poverty on this... 3024 02:30:53,840 --> 02:30:56,839 planet doubled due to this system... 3025 02:30:56,840 --> 02:30:58,638 and given our current state... 3026 02:30:58,639 --> 02:31:00,599 do you honestly think we will see... 3027 02:31:00,600 --> 02:31:02,599 anything less than more doubling... 3028 02:31:02,600 --> 02:31:06,638 more suffering and more mass starvation? 3029 02:31:08,559 --> 02:31:11,158 There is not going to be any recovery. 3030 02:31:11,159 --> 02:31:13,238 This is not some long depression... 3031 02:31:13,239 --> 02:31:15,839 that we're some day going to pull out of. 3032 02:31:15,840 --> 02:31:18,158 I think the next phase that we are going to see after the... 3033 02:31:18,159 --> 02:31:20,999 next round of economic collapses is massive civil unrest. 3034 02:31:21,000 --> 02:31:23,119 When unemployment checks stop being... 3035 02:31:23,120 --> 02:31:25,790 paid because the states have no money left. 3036 02:31:25,920 --> 02:31:29,919 And when things get so bad that people lose confidence... 3037 02:31:29,920 --> 02:31:33,798 in their elected leaders, they will demand change... 3038 02:31:33,799 --> 02:31:36,718 if we don't kill each other in the process... 3039 02:31:36,719 --> 02:31:38,679 or destroy the environment. 3040 02:31:38,680 --> 02:31:43,430 I'm just afraid that we might get to the point of no return... 3041 02:31:43,479 --> 02:31:45,718 and that bothers me to no end. 3042 02:31:45,719 --> 02:31:50,029 We do all we can to avoid that condition. 3043 02:31:50,559 --> 02:31:56,509 It's clear that we're on the verge of a great transition in human life... 3044 02:31:56,719 --> 02:31:59,638 That what we face now is this fundamental... 3045 02:31:59,639 --> 02:32:03,429 change of the life we've known over the last century. 3046 02:32:03,479 --> 02:32:06,398 There has to be a link between the economy and... 3047 02:32:06,399 --> 02:32:08,439 the resources of this planet... 3048 02:32:08,440 --> 02:32:11,798 the resources being, of course, all animal and plant life, 3049 02:32:11,799 --> 02:32:14,869 the health of the oceans and everything else. 3050 02:32:15,200 --> 02:32:18,279 This is a monetary paradigm that will not... 3051 02:32:18,280 --> 02:32:21,790 let go until it's killed the last human being. 3052 02:32:22,639 --> 02:32:27,238 The "in" group will do all it can to stay in power... 3053 02:32:27,239 --> 02:32:29,718 and that's what you've got to keep in mind. 3054 02:32:29,719 --> 02:32:32,398 They'll use the army and navy and lies.. 3055 02:32:32,399 --> 02:32:35,839 or whatever they have to use to keep in power. 3056 02:32:35,840 --> 02:32:37,919 They're not about to give it up... 3057 02:32:37,920 --> 02:32:39,890 because they don't know of any other system... 3058 02:32:40,491 --> 02:32:42,291 that will perpetuate their kind. 256055

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