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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,074 Advertise your product or brand here contact www.SubtitleDB.org today 2 00:00:24,699 --> 00:00:31,370 (Starkey) 'In January 1559 Elizabeth I was crowned Queen of England. 3 00:00:31,460 --> 00:00:34,450 'She was the last of the great Tudor dynasty, 4 00:00:34,539 --> 00:00:38,728 'a bright star who dazzled both the nation and the world.' 5 00:00:44,298 --> 00:00:47,289 The achievement of most stars fades quickly 6 00:00:47,380 --> 00:00:52,810 but Elizabeth's has lasted for nearly four centuries and it's easy to see why. 7 00:00:52,899 --> 00:00:56,210 She reigned for 45 tumultuous years. 8 00:00:56,298 --> 00:01:00,890 Her ships defeated the Spanish Armada and sailed round the globe. 9 00:01:00,978 --> 00:01:05,569 In her time Shakespeare wrote plays and Spenser wrote poems. 10 00:01:05,659 --> 00:01:09,010 English noblemen and foreign princes wooed her 11 00:01:09,099 --> 00:01:11,659 but she, the Virgin Queen, 12 00:01:11,739 --> 00:01:16,370 made love to that loyalest of audiences, the English people. 13 00:01:18,459 --> 00:01:22,000 'Elizabeth was one of the daughters of King Henry VIII. 14 00:01:22,099 --> 00:01:26,409 'But the right of women to succeed to the throne was still in doubt 15 00:01:26,500 --> 00:01:29,328 'and her path there would be perilous. 16 00:01:31,340 --> 00:01:36,129 'Her father would kill her mother and she would be disinherited. 17 00:01:36,218 --> 00:01:42,129 'Her sister would imprison her in the Tower and threaten her with execution. 18 00:01:42,218 --> 00:01:46,409 'Men would love her for her royal status, not for herself. 19 00:01:46,500 --> 00:01:50,930 'She would be sexually abused by her own stepfather. 20 00:01:51,019 --> 00:01:55,010 'Most monarchs are handed their crowns on a plate. 21 00:01:55,099 --> 00:01:58,799 'Elizabeth got hers by cunning and courage. 22 00:02:05,739 --> 00:02:08,770 'Elizabeth's sex was a disappointment to Henry. 23 00:02:08,860 --> 00:02:10,810 'Astrologers had assured him 24 00:02:10,900 --> 00:02:16,568 'that the baby to be born in September 1533 would be a boy. 25 00:02:16,658 --> 00:02:20,770 'He already had one daughter, the 17-year-old Mary. 26 00:02:20,860 --> 00:02:24,090 'What he wanted was a son and heir. 27 00:02:25,900 --> 00:02:29,889 'Although Elizabeth was a girl, the magnificent christening 28 00:02:29,979 --> 00:02:33,210 'planned for the longed-for prince went ahead. 29 00:02:33,300 --> 00:02:39,210 'Every detail had been seen to, down to the brazier to warm the water in the font. 30 00:02:39,300 --> 00:02:44,419 'She was even proclaimed "Princess", the title of the heir to the throne.' 31 00:02:44,500 --> 00:02:48,280 Elizabeth, ego te baptiso in nomine patris 32 00:02:48,378 --> 00:02:53,688 et filii et spiritus sancti, amen. 33 00:02:53,780 --> 00:02:56,848 (Starkey) 'According to the French ambassador 34 00:02:56,938 --> 00:03:00,968 'the whole occasion was so perfect that nothing was lacking.' 35 00:03:01,060 --> 00:03:05,919 Actually things were far from perfect at Elizabeth's baptism 36 00:03:06,020 --> 00:03:09,930 because Elizabeth was the child of a second marriage 37 00:03:10,020 --> 00:03:13,449 and Henry's second marriage, like many second marriages today, 38 00:03:13,538 --> 00:03:16,250 aroused very strong feelings. 39 00:03:16,340 --> 00:03:20,370 For instance, the imperial ambassador refused point-blank 40 00:03:20,460 --> 00:03:22,408 to attend the baptism. 41 00:03:22,500 --> 00:03:26,568 He even refused to recognise Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth's mother, 42 00:03:26,658 --> 00:03:28,330 as Henry's wife. 43 00:03:28,419 --> 00:03:32,810 Instead he sneeringly referred to her as "the whore". 44 00:03:32,900 --> 00:03:37,169 And as for little Elizabeth she was "the bastard". 45 00:03:37,258 --> 00:03:39,610 Even one of the officiating clergy, 46 00:03:39,699 --> 00:03:44,610 when asked if the baby was baptised in hot water or cold, 47 00:03:44,699 --> 00:03:49,449 replied, "Hot, but not hot enough." 48 00:03:49,538 --> 00:03:53,288 'Henry divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, 49 00:03:53,378 --> 00:03:58,400 'because she had not given him a son but now her replacement, Anne Boleyn, 50 00:03:58,500 --> 00:04:01,530 'was having her own gynaecological problems. 51 00:04:01,620 --> 00:04:06,169 'After two miscarriages, she had a baby boy but it was stillborn.' 52 00:04:06,258 --> 00:04:11,408 Anne had failed in her principal duty as royal breeding machine. 53 00:04:11,500 --> 00:04:16,250 Meanwhile, Henry had fallen in love with another woman - Jane Seymour. 54 00:04:16,338 --> 00:04:19,850 For Anne the end came with terrifying swiftness. 55 00:04:19,939 --> 00:04:22,610 She was accused of multiple adultery 56 00:04:22,699 --> 00:04:25,290 with four of the gentlemen of the King's Chamber 57 00:04:25,420 --> 00:04:28,129 and of incest with her own brother. 58 00:04:28,220 --> 00:04:32,850 All of the accused were found guilty and Anne herself was executed 59 00:04:32,939 --> 00:04:38,449 here on Tower Green on 19th May 1536. 60 00:04:38,540 --> 00:04:41,209 Henry showed a single gesture of mercy 61 00:04:41,300 --> 00:04:44,129 towards the woman that he'd once loved so much 62 00:04:44,220 --> 00:04:48,850 and her head was removed at a single stroke with a sword 63 00:04:48,939 --> 00:04:51,970 rather than being hacked off with the axe. 64 00:05:04,540 --> 00:05:06,769 'Elizabeth was only three 65 00:05:06,860 --> 00:05:10,769 'when her mother was executed as a traitor and a whore. 66 00:05:10,860 --> 00:05:14,528 'For many children this would have been a lifelong trauma 67 00:05:14,620 --> 00:05:19,170 'but Elizabeth seems to have airbrushed her mother from her memory. 68 00:05:22,338 --> 00:05:25,569 'It was to be Henry who filled her world. 69 00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:40,170 'Anne Boleyn's fall marked a major step down in the world for Elizabeth.' 70 00:05:40,259 --> 00:05:43,850 Her parents' marriage was declared null and void. 71 00:05:43,939 --> 00:05:48,170 She was now illegitimate and unable to inherit the throne. 72 00:05:48,259 --> 00:05:53,850 So, instead of the Right High and Mighty Princess 73 00:05:53,939 --> 00:05:58,050 the Lady Elizabeth, inheritrix of the Crown of England, 74 00:05:58,139 --> 00:06:04,850 she became the Lady Elizabeth, the King's second bastard daughter. 75 00:06:04,939 --> 00:06:07,569 'Elizabeth's sudden loss of status 76 00:06:07,660 --> 00:06:12,209 'threw the little court where she had been brought up in into confusion. 77 00:06:12,300 --> 00:06:15,970 'Even her governess, Lady Bryan, didn't know what to do 78 00:06:16,060 --> 00:06:20,610 'and wrote to the King's minister Thomas Cromwell for guidance.' 79 00:06:20,699 --> 00:06:23,329 How should the little girl be treated? 80 00:06:23,420 --> 00:06:26,850 By the way, could she please have some more clothes? 81 00:06:26,939 --> 00:06:29,449 She'd outgrown everything she had. 82 00:06:29,540 --> 00:06:32,370 But above all, where should she eat? 83 00:06:32,459 --> 00:06:37,250 Was she old enough to eat here in the great hall, served on the dais, 84 00:06:37,338 --> 00:06:39,930 or should she continue to eat in her chamber 85 00:06:40,019 --> 00:06:43,370 where it will be easier to keep her away from the rich foods 86 00:06:43,459 --> 00:06:47,160 that were so bad for her teeth and her digestion? 87 00:06:49,620 --> 00:06:52,528 'Whatever her status no one could forget 88 00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:55,449 'that Elizabeth was Anne Boleyn's daughter 89 00:06:55,540 --> 00:06:59,810 'and it was in order to marry Anne that Henry had broken away from Rome 90 00:06:59,899 --> 00:07:03,680 'and made himself head of the church in England. 91 00:07:04,740 --> 00:07:08,689 'It was a revolution and one of its victims was the monasteries. 92 00:07:08,778 --> 00:07:12,769 'They were amongst the greatest English landowners. 93 00:07:12,860 --> 00:07:16,930 'Their assets were seized and their buildings dismantled. 94 00:07:17,019 --> 00:07:22,649 'One of them was Glastonbury Abbey, then the largest church in England.' 95 00:07:28,180 --> 00:07:32,889 When I look out from my church, across from these ruins 96 00:07:32,980 --> 00:07:35,410 I'm filled with a sense of sadness 97 00:07:35,500 --> 00:07:39,009 a sense of loss a sense of disbelief to a degree 98 00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:42,720 that such destruction could have taken place 99 00:07:42,819 --> 00:07:47,329 in a country that was supposedly very religious and Catholic. 100 00:07:47,420 --> 00:07:52,360 This abbey here was a place of pilgrimage. 101 00:07:52,459 --> 00:07:55,449 The abbey contained a statue of Our Lady, 102 00:07:55,540 --> 00:07:58,170 which is what Catholics call St Mary. 103 00:07:58,259 --> 00:08:01,129 And people would have come from far and wide 104 00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:04,009 to pay their respects, to say their prayers, 105 00:08:04,100 --> 00:08:06,689 to make their offerings and ask for help. 106 00:08:06,778 --> 00:08:11,800 Within nine years from the Reformation, dissolution of the monasteries 107 00:08:11,899 --> 00:08:16,730 this went from being one of our grandest Catholic churches 108 00:08:16,819 --> 00:08:19,449 to pretty well what we see around us today, 109 00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:21,838 hardly one stone on top of another. 110 00:08:22,980 --> 00:08:29,009 'The damage to the Catholic Church wasn't just physical, it was spiritual too. 111 00:08:29,100 --> 00:08:33,250 'Out of these ruins would grow a new Protestant faith. 112 00:08:33,340 --> 00:08:37,970 'Henry's religious revolution would divide his country and his family.' 113 00:08:40,019 --> 00:08:44,210 'Henry had now embarked on his third marriage to Jane Seymour. 114 00:08:44,298 --> 00:08:48,080 'In just over a year she gave him the son that he craved. 115 00:08:48,178 --> 00:08:52,090 'Edward, legitimate and a boy, was now undoubted heir.' 116 00:08:55,580 --> 00:08:58,690 Edwarde, quid petis ab ecclesia dei... 117 00:08:58,778 --> 00:09:03,450 'Elizabeth, as his half-sister was no more than a minor royal. 118 00:09:03,538 --> 00:09:06,288 'She had once been princess herself. 119 00:09:06,379 --> 00:09:10,970 'Now she was an attendant at her baby brother's christening. 120 00:09:16,058 --> 00:09:18,730 'She also lost her governess to Edward 121 00:09:18,820 --> 00:09:22,889 'as Lady Bryan was transferred to look after the young prince. 122 00:09:22,980 --> 00:09:25,048 'Her replacement was Kat Ashley, 123 00:09:25,139 --> 00:09:30,330 'a well-educated and devout woman who became very close to Elizabeth. 124 00:09:35,058 --> 00:09:38,250 'Her father, on the other hand scarcely saw her, 125 00:09:38,340 --> 00:09:40,899 'for royal children like Elizabeth 126 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:44,730 'were brought up in the country away from the royal court. 127 00:09:44,820 --> 00:09:48,769 'There, Henry communicated with her by messenger. 128 00:09:52,500 --> 00:09:55,570 'In December 1539 he sent Sir Thomas Risley 129 00:09:55,658 --> 00:09:58,250 'to convey his Christmas greetings.' 130 00:10:00,019 --> 00:10:05,139 (Reader) "She gave humble thanks, inquiring again of His Majesty's welfare 131 00:10:05,220 --> 00:10:08,970 "with as great a gravity as if she'd been 40 years old." 132 00:10:09,058 --> 00:10:11,288 And we also thank you. 133 00:10:12,778 --> 00:10:15,210 (Starkey) 'Children in the 16th century 134 00:10:15,298 --> 00:10:20,928 'had to join the starched and corseted adult world as quickly as possible. 135 00:10:21,019 --> 00:10:24,690 'They were expected to look and behave like their parents. 136 00:10:24,778 --> 00:10:29,528 'Even slight misdemeanours were severely punished. 137 00:10:30,620 --> 00:10:35,330 'One royal tutor advised: "Never have the rod off a boy's back 138 00:10:35,418 --> 00:10:40,538 "'and the daughter especially should be handled without cherishing." 139 00:10:40,620 --> 00:10:42,970 'But Elizabeth was lucky. 140 00:10:43,058 --> 00:10:45,490 'Her tutors belonged to the new school 141 00:10:45,580 --> 00:10:49,490 'which thought that kindness was a better teacher than the cane. 142 00:10:49,580 --> 00:10:53,168 'But then the young princess was a model pupil 143 00:10:53,259 --> 00:10:56,528 'and she studied languages from the age of four. 144 00:10:56,620 --> 00:11:01,048 'She became fluent in French Italian, Latin and Greek.' 145 00:11:01,139 --> 00:11:07,808 (Child) "C'est une chevet avec des couleurs d'un million de fleurs... 146 00:11:07,899 --> 00:11:10,460 "..ho in mente ci� che io vidi... 147 00:11:10,538 --> 00:11:15,048 "..quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate maiorum 148 00:11:15,139 --> 00:11:18,408 "..cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces..." 149 00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:22,490 'But it was how she learned languages that mattered as well.' 150 00:11:22,580 --> 00:11:26,528 She was taught by the method of double translation. 151 00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:28,808 This means that the little girl 152 00:11:28,899 --> 00:11:32,889 had to translate a passage from Latin into English 153 00:11:32,980 --> 00:11:39,450 and then back again into Latin getting it absolutely right, word for word. 154 00:11:39,538 --> 00:11:43,690 For most children this would have been an absolute torment 155 00:11:43,778 --> 00:11:46,649 but Elizabeth seems to have revelled in it. 156 00:11:46,740 --> 00:11:50,090 She must have had the mind of a computer programmer 157 00:11:50,178 --> 00:11:52,970 or an expert solver of crossword puzzles, 158 00:11:53,058 --> 00:11:55,769 because she continued to do translations 159 00:11:55,860 --> 00:11:58,240 for the whole of the rest of her life. 160 00:11:58,340 --> 00:12:00,798 She did them for fun and for relaxation 161 00:12:00,899 --> 00:12:04,090 but she also did them as a kind of mental discipline 162 00:12:04,178 --> 00:12:06,370 to keep her emotions under control, 163 00:12:06,460 --> 00:12:11,048 just as nowadays some people might practise yoga or meditation. 164 00:12:11,139 --> 00:12:16,528 'Elizabeth was the kind of daughter of whom any father would be proud 165 00:12:16,620 --> 00:12:20,240 'and this painting shows Henry's confidence in her. 166 00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:22,850 'It commemorates his decision in 1544 167 00:12:22,940 --> 00:12:26,970 'to reinstate both his daughters in the succession. 168 00:12:27,058 --> 00:12:30,250 'No woman had ever sat on the English throne before. 169 00:12:30,340 --> 00:12:32,850 'Now, if Edward died without an heir 170 00:12:32,940 --> 00:12:36,450 'first Mary and then Elizabeth would become queen. 171 00:12:37,538 --> 00:12:40,490 'Henry then sailed for France to fight a war 172 00:12:40,580 --> 00:12:45,649 'leaving his wife, Katherine Parr, as regent in charge of the kingdom. 173 00:12:45,740 --> 00:12:48,408 'Elizabeth now witnessed at first hand 174 00:12:48,500 --> 00:12:53,408 'that an intelligent, well-educated woman could rule effectively. 175 00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:58,730 'At about this time Elizabeth acquired a new tutor, Roger Ascham. 176 00:12:58,820 --> 00:13:01,850 'He worked with the brightest minds at Cambridge 177 00:13:01,940 --> 00:13:05,129 'but he found Elizabeth more than their equal.' 178 00:13:05,220 --> 00:13:08,450 (Reader) "The lady Elizabeth shines like a star. 179 00:13:08,538 --> 00:13:12,690 "The constitution of her mind is exempt from female weakness. 180 00:13:12,778 --> 00:13:15,730 "No apprehension can be quicker than hers." 181 00:13:15,820 --> 00:13:18,808 'She demonstrated her abilities 182 00:13:18,899 --> 00:13:23,690 'in an extraordinary New Year's gift for her father.' 183 00:13:23,778 --> 00:13:29,730 It's a work of prose but it shows the 12-year-old girl to have been, in her way, 184 00:13:29,820 --> 00:13:33,519 just as much of a child prodigy as the young Mozart. 185 00:13:35,178 --> 00:13:39,490 It's bound in red cloth of gold, heavily embroidered, 186 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:42,330 with Henry's initials top and bottom. 187 00:13:44,220 --> 00:13:48,769 And - you can see it more clearly on the back - in the middle, a cipher. 188 00:13:48,860 --> 00:13:52,250 That's the interlaced initials for Henry 189 00:13:52,340 --> 00:13:56,570 and Katherine - spelt with a K - Katherine Parr. 190 00:13:56,658 --> 00:14:00,168 The cover's the work of a professional embroiderer 191 00:14:00,259 --> 00:14:04,288 but inside it's all Elizabeth's own work. 192 00:14:05,538 --> 00:14:07,570 And what work. 193 00:14:07,658 --> 00:14:14,250 Page after page of perfect, beautiful, rhythmic italic handwriting. 194 00:14:14,340 --> 00:14:17,408 It shows just how far she'd come on in a year. 195 00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:21,330 Her New Year's present of the year before to her stepmother 196 00:14:21,418 --> 00:14:26,769 is filled with mistakes, corrections second thoughts, but here, nothing! 197 00:14:26,860 --> 00:14:31,610 First the Latin then the French, then the Italian. 198 00:14:31,700 --> 00:14:35,288 Not a mistake not a mistranslation, not a blot. 199 00:14:35,379 --> 00:14:37,570 Just perfection. 200 00:14:37,658 --> 00:14:43,528 But it's the introductory letter that really takes us into Elizabeth's own mind. 201 00:14:43,620 --> 00:14:46,080 She addresses her father. 202 00:14:46,178 --> 00:14:48,288 A very striking phrase. 203 00:14:48,379 --> 00:14:52,808 "Matchless and most kind father." 204 00:14:52,899 --> 00:14:57,570 She even has her own views on the importance of the state of kingship, 205 00:14:57,658 --> 00:15:00,730 the state of kingship which philosophers say 206 00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:04,288 is equivalent to that of a god upon earth. 207 00:15:05,379 --> 00:15:07,970 In love with her father, perhaps. 208 00:15:08,058 --> 00:15:11,408 Even more in love with the idea of the monarchy. 209 00:15:15,058 --> 00:15:19,009 'Elizabeth had never been more secure in her royal status. 210 00:15:19,100 --> 00:15:21,610 'She basked in Henry's attention. 211 00:15:24,379 --> 00:15:28,288 'In 1546 she had this portrait painted for him 212 00:15:28,379 --> 00:15:31,808 'and it shows her as she wished to be seen by her father. 213 00:15:31,899 --> 00:15:35,490 'So she's studious, one finger marking a page in a book. 214 00:15:35,580 --> 00:15:40,600 'She's pious. The book open on the lectern beside her is certainly the Bible. 215 00:15:40,700 --> 00:15:44,210 'She is the virtuous Renaissance princess. 216 00:15:48,940 --> 00:15:51,769 'But this tranquillity could not last. 217 00:15:51,860 --> 00:15:54,490 'Henry, her father, was dying. 218 00:15:57,019 --> 00:16:03,330 'At 13, Elizabeth was about to lose the giant of a father whom she revered. 219 00:16:03,418 --> 00:16:07,889 'The next decade would be the most threatening period of her life.' 220 00:16:09,379 --> 00:16:12,808 Christmas 1546 was a gloomy one at court. 221 00:16:12,899 --> 00:16:15,330 For a long time the King had suffered from 222 00:16:15,418 --> 00:16:20,168 an old jousting injury to his leg which had turned into a chronic ulcer. 223 00:16:20,259 --> 00:16:23,330 Pus would build up causing the leg to swell. 224 00:16:23,418 --> 00:16:25,528 'The pain was intense. 225 00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:29,490 'On 30th December Henry completed his will 226 00:16:29,580 --> 00:16:31,769 'and then the descent was swift.' 227 00:16:34,139 --> 00:16:36,519 As Henry lay dying in his bedchamber, 228 00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:40,970 outside in the gallery, Edward Seymour, Prince Edward's uncle 229 00:16:41,058 --> 00:16:44,168 was pacing up and down with his advisers. 230 00:16:44,259 --> 00:16:47,769 They were plotting the takeover of power in the new reign. 231 00:16:47,860 --> 00:16:51,009 Towards two o'clock in the morning Henry died 232 00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:55,250 clutching the hands of Archbishop Cranmer, Elizabeth's godfather. 233 00:16:55,340 --> 00:16:58,610 To make sure that there was a smooth transfer of power, 234 00:16:58,700 --> 00:17:02,570 Henry's death was kept secret for three full days. 235 00:17:02,658 --> 00:17:04,808 Finally all was ready 236 00:17:04,900 --> 00:17:08,009 and Seymour brought together Edward, now Edward VI 237 00:17:08,098 --> 00:17:10,288 and his favourite sister, Elizabeth 238 00:17:10,380 --> 00:17:13,250 and told them that their father was dead. 239 00:17:13,338 --> 00:17:16,048 One account describes how the two children 240 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:20,368 threw themselves into each other's arms weeping uncontrollably. 241 00:17:22,058 --> 00:17:26,170 'Little King Edward VI had stepped into his father's shoes 242 00:17:26,259 --> 00:17:29,210 'but they were several sizes too big for him. 243 00:17:29,298 --> 00:17:31,490 'He was just nine years old 244 00:17:31,578 --> 00:17:35,690 'and to begin with he was the pawn of his powerful royal councillors. 245 00:17:36,818 --> 00:17:40,568 'And so was Elizabeth. Her father's will had left her rich 246 00:17:40,660 --> 00:17:44,808 'and her place in the line of the succession made her a tempting target. 247 00:17:44,900 --> 00:17:49,730 'One man in particular, Thomas Seymour, had his eyes on her. 248 00:17:55,818 --> 00:17:59,130 'The Seymour brothers, as uncles to the young King, 249 00:17:59,220 --> 00:18:02,130 'were the most powerful family in the land. 250 00:18:02,220 --> 00:18:06,528 'Thomas was bitterly jealous, of his elder brother, Edward 251 00:18:06,618 --> 00:18:11,450 'because Edward had made himself Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector. 252 00:18:13,098 --> 00:18:16,210 'Edward built Berry Pomeroy Castle in Devon. 253 00:18:16,298 --> 00:18:19,450 'It's still owned by his descendant, John Seymour.' 254 00:18:23,578 --> 00:18:29,288 Thomas, I think, was a wonderfully flamboyant and colourful character. 255 00:18:29,380 --> 00:18:32,048 Like his brother he was very ambitious 256 00:18:32,140 --> 00:18:36,250 and he took most of the opportunities that were presented to him. 257 00:18:36,338 --> 00:18:40,170 He was headstrong, he probably didn't think a great deal 258 00:18:40,259 --> 00:18:44,038 about what was going to happen as a result of his actions. 259 00:18:44,140 --> 00:18:47,608 But he was undoubtedly out to favour himself 260 00:18:47,700 --> 00:18:51,690 and make the most of his opportunities in his life, which he did. 261 00:18:51,778 --> 00:18:55,048 (Starkey) 'Thomas plotted his advancement to power 262 00:18:55,140 --> 00:18:58,890 'from his base at Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire.' 263 00:19:00,460 --> 00:19:04,078 His first idea was to marry one of Henry VIII's daughters. 264 00:19:04,180 --> 00:19:06,690 Either Mary or Elizabeth would have done 265 00:19:06,778 --> 00:19:08,769 but the council vetoed that idea. 266 00:19:08,858 --> 00:19:11,210 So Seymour went for the next best thing 267 00:19:11,298 --> 00:19:14,210 and proposed to Henry's widow - Katherine Parr. 268 00:19:14,298 --> 00:19:18,769 Katherine had been passionately in love with him before she married Henry, 269 00:19:18,858 --> 00:19:21,450 so she accepted him like a shot. 270 00:19:21,538 --> 00:19:23,920 Elizabeth was living with Katherine, 271 00:19:24,019 --> 00:19:27,528 so this meant that Seymour wasn't only her stepfather, 272 00:19:27,618 --> 00:19:29,970 he was also her guardian. 273 00:19:30,058 --> 00:19:34,288 It was a position of trust which he abused shockingly. 274 00:19:39,578 --> 00:19:42,038 'At first Katherine Parr's involvement 275 00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:45,288 'made Seymour's games seem innocent enough. 276 00:19:45,380 --> 00:19:48,848 'Elizabeth found Seymour an intriguing playmate. 277 00:19:48,940 --> 00:19:53,009 'He was 40 and she was just 14. 278 00:20:11,740 --> 00:20:14,930 'But Seymour saw a relationship with Elizabeth 279 00:20:15,019 --> 00:20:17,890 'as a means of drawing closer to the throne. 280 00:20:17,980 --> 00:20:20,170 'His game grew darker. 281 00:20:36,578 --> 00:20:39,890 'Katherine Parr was deceived by these antics 282 00:20:39,980 --> 00:20:42,538 'but Kat Ashley was worried.' 283 00:20:42,618 --> 00:20:44,848 "He romped with her in the garden 284 00:20:44,940 --> 00:20:47,650 "and cut her gown into a hundred pieces." 285 00:21:09,259 --> 00:21:13,009 'Seymour now got hold of the key to Elizabeth's bedroom. 286 00:21:13,098 --> 00:21:17,410 'He would come into her room partly dressed, early in the morning. 287 00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:21,009 'Sometimes he would tickle her and slap her buttocks.' 288 00:21:53,980 --> 00:21:56,009 Good morning, my lady. 289 00:21:57,098 --> 00:22:02,368 Elizabeth was confused by Seymour's behaviour and by her reaction to it. 290 00:22:02,460 --> 00:22:05,769 Seymour was a handsome, sexually charged man 291 00:22:05,858 --> 00:22:10,288 and she was flattered by his attentions but she was also scared by them. 292 00:22:10,380 --> 00:22:13,088 So she would behave as though it was all a game 293 00:22:13,180 --> 00:22:16,170 and play hide-and-seek behind the bed's curtains. 294 00:22:16,259 --> 00:22:18,410 'On other occasions she would react 295 00:22:18,500 --> 00:22:21,608 'as though her maidenly modesty had been outraged.' 296 00:22:21,700 --> 00:22:24,848 She'd get up early and make sure that she was dressed 297 00:22:24,940 --> 00:22:27,288 so as to avoid Seymour's attentions. 298 00:22:27,380 --> 00:22:30,890 On the other hand, Kat Ashley, Elizabeth's governess, 299 00:22:30,980 --> 00:22:32,930 knew exactly what was going on. 300 00:22:33,019 --> 00:22:37,170 But when she reproved Seymour for risking Elizabeth's reputation, 301 00:22:37,259 --> 00:22:39,088 he brazened it out. 302 00:22:39,180 --> 00:22:42,170 He'd no intention of stopping his behaviour, he said 303 00:22:42,259 --> 00:22:45,410 because he meant no harm by it. 304 00:22:46,740 --> 00:22:49,490 'But when Katherine Parr became pregnant 305 00:22:49,578 --> 00:22:53,650 'Seymour's flirtation with Elizabeth grew more serious. 306 00:23:07,338 --> 00:23:11,650 'At first Katherine could not believe what was happening. 307 00:23:11,740 --> 00:23:14,650 'Finally she was left in no doubt.' 308 00:23:16,460 --> 00:23:18,210 (Parr) My lord? 309 00:23:18,298 --> 00:23:20,048 Your Grace. 310 00:23:20,140 --> 00:23:25,210 'Following a painful interview, during which Elizabeth hardly spoke, 311 00:23:25,298 --> 00:23:27,730 'her stepmother sent her away. 312 00:23:31,180 --> 00:23:34,288 'It was the last time Elizabeth saw Katherine. 313 00:23:34,380 --> 00:23:36,838 'When she moved to Sudeley to have the baby, 314 00:23:36,940 --> 00:23:39,808 'Elizabeth wrote to her wishing her luck. 315 00:23:41,818 --> 00:23:45,519 'But Katherine died shortly after the birth of her child 316 00:23:45,618 --> 00:23:48,368 'and she was buried here at Sudeley.' 317 00:23:51,778 --> 00:23:55,250 In her final delirium all her fears and jealousies 318 00:23:55,338 --> 00:23:59,410 about Seymour's behaviour had revived, with very good reason, 319 00:23:59,500 --> 00:24:03,328 because Seymour soon renewed his suit to marry Elizabeth 320 00:24:03,420 --> 00:24:07,328 and this time he had the powerful backing of Kat Ashley. 321 00:24:07,420 --> 00:24:09,980 Elizabeth herself was enthusiastic 322 00:24:10,058 --> 00:24:14,288 but she'd the good sense to say that she wouldn't consider the marriage 323 00:24:14,380 --> 00:24:16,650 without the backing of the council. 324 00:24:16,740 --> 00:24:21,048 Seymour for his part, hot-headed and impetuous as usual, 325 00:24:21,140 --> 00:24:23,440 was too impatient to wait. 326 00:24:23,538 --> 00:24:30,930 Thomas was becoming more and more keen to attain some personal power 327 00:24:31,019 --> 00:24:33,288 and to further his career. 328 00:24:33,380 --> 00:24:38,568 One way of doing this was to get Edward, the young king, 329 00:24:38,660 --> 00:24:40,608 completely on his side. 330 00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:47,170 I think he decided he was going to actually abduct the King 331 00:24:47,259 --> 00:24:52,650 and as he lived in the neighbouring apartment it was very easy for him 332 00:24:52,740 --> 00:24:56,890 to have conversations and meetings with the young King. 333 00:24:56,980 --> 00:25:01,009 How it happened I don't think is really clear 334 00:25:01,098 --> 00:25:05,490 but we do know that he was found in the King's apartment 335 00:25:05,578 --> 00:25:07,608 with a sword in his hand. 336 00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:13,880 One of the many spaniels the young King had started to bark 337 00:25:13,980 --> 00:25:18,650 and, I suppose, in desperation Thomas ran it through with his sword 338 00:25:18,740 --> 00:25:21,528 and there was a great kerfuffle and noise 339 00:25:21,618 --> 00:25:24,650 and people burst in and Thomas was arrested. 340 00:25:24,740 --> 00:25:27,970 (Starkey) 'Seymour was charged with treason. 341 00:25:28,058 --> 00:25:31,759 'His relationship with Elizabeth made her a suspect too. 342 00:25:31,858 --> 00:25:34,848 'A team of interrogators descended on Hatfield 343 00:25:34,940 --> 00:25:38,930 'to discover whether she'd been plotting with him. 344 00:25:39,019 --> 00:25:44,088 'Her closest confidante, Kat Ashley, was arrested and taken to the Tower. 345 00:25:44,180 --> 00:25:46,048 'Under threat of torture 346 00:25:46,140 --> 00:25:50,048 'she described the scandalous events of the previous summer. 347 00:25:50,140 --> 00:25:54,368 'Her evidence was now used word for word against Elizabeth.' 348 00:25:55,538 --> 00:25:59,808 "Another time at Hanworth he romped with her in the garden." 349 00:26:01,220 --> 00:26:03,328 "Romped." 350 00:26:03,420 --> 00:26:05,980 "..and cut her gown, 351 00:26:06,058 --> 00:26:09,210 "being black cloth, into a hundred pieces. 352 00:26:10,298 --> 00:26:14,048 "And when I came and chid Lady Elizabeth, 353 00:26:14,140 --> 00:26:17,048 "she assured me she could not strive withal 354 00:26:17,140 --> 00:26:22,769 "for the Queen held her while the Lord Admiral cut the dress. 355 00:26:23,980 --> 00:26:31,400 "The Queen, suspecting the often access of the Admiral to the Lady Elizabeth... 356 00:26:33,778 --> 00:26:38,328 "came suddenly upon them where they were all alone, 357 00:26:39,538 --> 00:26:42,328 "he having her in his arms." 358 00:26:45,259 --> 00:26:49,970 'Despite the evidence, Elizabeth refused to admit any wrongdoing. 359 00:26:50,058 --> 00:26:53,528 'Then a rumour began that she was pregnant by Seymour. 360 00:26:53,618 --> 00:26:56,568 'She complained bitterly to Somerset.' 361 00:26:56,660 --> 00:27:00,200 "Master Tyrwhitt has told me of rumours abroad 362 00:27:00,298 --> 00:27:04,288 "that I am in the Tower and with child by my Lord Admiral. 363 00:27:04,380 --> 00:27:06,650 "These are shameful slanders. 364 00:27:06,740 --> 00:27:10,930 "I shall most heartily desire that I may come to the court 365 00:27:11,019 --> 00:27:13,690 "that I may show myself as I am." 366 00:27:19,420 --> 00:27:22,890 'Tyrwhitt told Somerset he was sure she was guilty 367 00:27:22,980 --> 00:27:24,930 'but he could prove nothing. 368 00:27:25,019 --> 00:27:27,250 'Elizabeth had survived the crisis. 369 00:27:33,220 --> 00:27:35,368 'But Seymour's guilt was clear. 370 00:27:35,460 --> 00:27:39,808 'In March 1549 Somerset signed his brother's death warrant 371 00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:43,250 'and Seymour was beheaded on Tower Hill.' 372 00:27:46,618 --> 00:27:51,769 Elizabeth's brush with Thomas Seymour marked a turning point in her young life. 373 00:27:51,858 --> 00:27:57,650 It was a brutal initiation into the world of adult politics and adult sexuality. 374 00:27:57,740 --> 00:28:01,250 She'd learned the hard way that a sexual relationship, 375 00:28:01,338 --> 00:28:06,009 even a close friendship, might mean danger, perhaps death. 376 00:28:06,098 --> 00:28:08,890 She knew now that when a man approached her 377 00:28:08,980 --> 00:28:12,088 he'd got his eyes on the throne as much as on her. 378 00:28:12,180 --> 00:28:17,490 'From this point onwards she trusted almost nobody. 379 00:28:17,578 --> 00:28:21,769 'She kept her own counsel and she concealed her true faults. 380 00:28:21,858 --> 00:28:25,480 'It was her defence against a hostile world. 381 00:28:37,578 --> 00:28:41,970 'Elizabeth was left alone in the peaceful solitude of Hatfield. 382 00:28:42,058 --> 00:28:45,048 'Here she continued her studies. 383 00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:48,759 'She also indulged a passion for riding and hunting. 384 00:28:52,220 --> 00:28:55,528 'The clean air and exercise were a welcome antidote 385 00:28:55,618 --> 00:29:00,410 'to the headaches and sickness that had plagued her during the investigation 386 00:29:00,500 --> 00:29:05,130 'and would recur throughout her life during moments of stress.' 387 00:29:18,818 --> 00:29:22,769 At about this time Elizabeth's, French tutor, John Bellmain 388 00:29:22,858 --> 00:29:27,798 gave her as a present his translation of St Basil's epistle to St Gregory 389 00:29:27,900 --> 00:29:30,130 on the virtues of the single life. 390 00:29:30,220 --> 00:29:34,000 The saint's argument was that marriage distracted the soul 391 00:29:34,098 --> 00:29:36,048 from the worship of God. 392 00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:39,368 Bearing in mind her experiences with Thomas Seymour, 393 00:29:39,460 --> 00:29:45,048 Elizabeth was well aware of the practical, political advantages of celibacy too. 394 00:29:45,140 --> 00:29:47,808 It was the same with the saint's arguments 395 00:29:47,900 --> 00:29:50,769 about temperance and sobriety of dress. 396 00:29:50,858 --> 00:29:53,568 Elizabeth created a sensation at court 397 00:29:53,660 --> 00:29:57,848 by turning up with her hair straight, face unmade-up 398 00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:00,400 and virtually no jewellery. 399 00:30:00,500 --> 00:30:05,210 She was rehabilitating herself after the disaster of the Seymour affair 400 00:30:05,298 --> 00:30:07,890 by playing the Quaker maid. 401 00:30:08,980 --> 00:30:11,490 'There was more to it than just image. 402 00:30:11,578 --> 00:30:15,808 'Elizabeth was caught up in the new Protestant mood in England. 403 00:30:15,900 --> 00:30:18,608 'The crosses and candles of the Catholic faith 404 00:30:18,700 --> 00:30:21,410 'were being stripped from altars everywhere. 405 00:30:21,500 --> 00:30:24,450 'The new faith had the enthusiastic backing 406 00:30:24,538 --> 00:30:27,730 'of Elizabeth's brother the young King Edward'. 407 00:30:27,818 --> 00:30:33,170 'But by 1553 the 15-year-old King was dying of tuberculosis. 408 00:30:33,259 --> 00:30:37,288 'He was desperate to stop the religious reforms being undone 409 00:30:37,380 --> 00:30:39,328 'by his Catholic sister Mary, 410 00:30:39,420 --> 00:30:43,288 'who would succeed under the terms of their father's will. 411 00:30:43,380 --> 00:30:48,009 'So he excluded her from the succession because she was a bastard. 412 00:30:48,098 --> 00:30:51,450 'But if Mary was a bastard so too was Elizabeth. 413 00:30:51,538 --> 00:30:56,088 'Instead, Edward chose a Protestant cousin to succeed him 414 00:30:56,180 --> 00:30:59,170 'the 15-year-old Lady Jane Grey. 415 00:31:00,380 --> 00:31:05,130 'Anxiously, Elizabeth waited with her armed followers at Hatfield 416 00:31:05,220 --> 00:31:07,598 'to see what would happen next. 417 00:31:10,259 --> 00:31:13,650 'In July 1553 Edward died. 418 00:31:13,740 --> 00:31:16,368 'Lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen 419 00:31:16,460 --> 00:31:20,130 'and Elizabeth and Mary were denounced as bastards. 420 00:31:20,220 --> 00:31:22,970 'But Mary was Henry's elder daughter 421 00:31:23,058 --> 00:31:26,759 'and in the eyes of the people she was rightful queen. 422 00:31:28,740 --> 00:31:32,650 'She was supported by many of England's leading families. 423 00:31:32,740 --> 00:31:36,358 'Sir Henry Bedingfeld, a substantial Norfolk landowner 424 00:31:36,460 --> 00:31:39,568 'was one of the first to rally to Mary's banner. 425 00:31:39,660 --> 00:31:42,970 'His descendant still lives at Oxburgh Hall.' 426 00:31:43,058 --> 00:31:48,970 Sir Henry, at Oxburgh, gathered together 160 men 427 00:31:49,058 --> 00:31:51,730 armed, as they say, cap-a-pie, 428 00:31:51,818 --> 00:31:54,848 , that is to say with a certain amount of armour 429 00:31:54,940 --> 00:31:57,608 leather jerkins, swords, certainly 430 00:31:57,700 --> 00:31:59,930 and, I'm sure, a few horses. 431 00:32:02,338 --> 00:32:08,680 'His role was to take this small group of people to, first of all, Kenning Hall 432 00:32:08,778 --> 00:32:13,088 'where other units such as his were joining up to make an army 433 00:32:13,180 --> 00:32:18,730 'and from there to Framlingham where the army swelled.' 434 00:32:18,818 --> 00:32:23,838 And they marched from there to London with Queen Mary. 435 00:32:23,940 --> 00:32:26,568 Princess Elizabeth joined them en route. 436 00:32:26,660 --> 00:32:32,690 As custom dictated, at the gates of the city of London they left the army behind 437 00:32:32,778 --> 00:32:36,528 and Elizabeth and Mary rode into the city of London 438 00:32:36,618 --> 00:32:40,210 to wild rejoicing and cheers from the crowd. 439 00:32:40,298 --> 00:32:44,328 (Starkey) 'In the face of this overwhelming support for Mary 440 00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:46,410 'the opposition collapsed. 441 00:32:46,500 --> 00:32:50,650 'Lady Jane Grey was later beheaded at the Tower. 442 00:32:52,058 --> 00:32:57,368 'On July 19th 1553 Mary was proclaimed Queen. 443 00:32:57,460 --> 00:33:02,009 'Her vision was to lead England back to the true Catholic faith. 444 00:33:02,098 --> 00:33:07,088 'Elizabeth's Protestantism marked her out as a potential enemy.' 445 00:33:08,420 --> 00:33:10,798 For the first two months of Mary's reign 446 00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:13,490 Elizabeth contrived to avoid going to Mass. 447 00:33:13,578 --> 00:33:16,088 Finally Mary issued an ultimatum. 448 00:33:16,180 --> 00:33:19,288 Elizabeth was to attend Mass on the 8th September, 449 00:33:19,380 --> 00:33:22,210 the day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin. 450 00:33:22,298 --> 00:33:27,769 Cornered at last, Elizabeth sought an interview with Mary at Richmond. 451 00:33:27,858 --> 00:33:31,088 She threw herself on her knees before the Queen 452 00:33:31,180 --> 00:33:33,210 tears streaming down her face. 453 00:33:33,298 --> 00:33:36,690 She explained that she'd never been taught the old faith 454 00:33:36,778 --> 00:33:39,730 and could she have priests to instruct her? 455 00:33:39,818 --> 00:33:42,930 Oh, yes, and she would go to Mass. 456 00:33:43,019 --> 00:33:46,720 But on the morning she developed a diplomatic chill 457 00:33:46,818 --> 00:33:50,088 and rather spoiled the solemnity of the occasion 458 00:33:50,180 --> 00:33:53,170 by complaining, loudly, of a bad stomach. 459 00:33:53,259 --> 00:33:57,450 Neither Mary nor anyone else was deceived. 460 00:33:57,538 --> 00:34:02,730 Mary and Elizabeth had different attitudes to their religions. 461 00:34:02,818 --> 00:34:05,170 Mary, of the old religion, 462 00:34:05,259 --> 00:34:10,380 would have had a slightly mechanistic expression of her religion. 463 00:34:10,460 --> 00:34:14,289 Not that she wasn't devout and spiritual, I'm sure she was, 464 00:34:14,380 --> 00:34:17,090 but her religion involved doing things, 465 00:34:17,179 --> 00:34:21,489 pilgrimages, saying the rosary, making signs of the cross. 466 00:34:21,579 --> 00:34:26,730 'For Elizabeth, those things didn't feature in her faith. 467 00:34:26,820 --> 00:34:31,050 People of the new religion would have been much more Bible-based 468 00:34:31,139 --> 00:34:35,329 and would have interpreted the Bible in the light of their own reason, 469 00:34:35,420 --> 00:34:38,329 rather than relying on an authority from Rome 470 00:34:38,420 --> 00:34:40,570 telling them what the Bible meant. 471 00:34:41,659 --> 00:34:45,768 (Starkey) 'Mary now tried to guarantee the Catholic future of England 472 00:34:45,860 --> 00:34:48,369 'by marrying King Philip of Spain. 473 00:34:48,460 --> 00:34:53,170 'But Mary's passionate love for a foreign prince was deeply unpopular 474 00:34:53,260 --> 00:34:56,610 'and Philip's envoys were pelted with snowballs. 475 00:34:56,699 --> 00:34:59,289 'Mary brushed aside the protests. 476 00:35:01,860 --> 00:35:05,730 'Elizabeth became a figurehead for Mary's opponents. 477 00:35:05,820 --> 00:35:08,768 'Early in 1554 she received a letter 478 00:35:08,860 --> 00:35:12,289 'from a gentleman called Sir Thomas Wyatt. 479 00:35:17,460 --> 00:35:22,530 'He told her that he intended to rebel to prevent the Spanish marriage. 480 00:35:34,820 --> 00:35:37,119 'Elizabeth didn't reply in writing. 481 00:35:37,219 --> 00:35:42,130 'Instead she told Wyatt's messenger with careful ambiguity 482 00:35:42,219 --> 00:35:45,369 'that she would do as God would direct her. 483 00:35:47,980 --> 00:35:51,679 'Within days Wyatt had raised an army of 7,000 men 484 00:35:51,780 --> 00:35:54,289 'in the southeast and marched on London. 485 00:35:54,380 --> 00:35:57,250 'As Wyatt's army drew closer to the capital 486 00:35:57,340 --> 00:35:59,570 'there was panic in Mary's court. 487 00:35:59,659 --> 00:36:02,570 'Mary ordered Elizabeth to come to Whitehall 488 00:36:02,659 --> 00:36:05,409 'where she could be kept under control. 489 00:36:05,500 --> 00:36:08,170 'But Elizabeth claimed that she was ill. 490 00:36:08,260 --> 00:36:12,610 'Mary's doctors confirmed the, illness but said, nevertheless 491 00:36:12,699 --> 00:36:14,849 'that she was well enough to travel. 492 00:36:15,940 --> 00:36:20,690 'It took her 11 days to cover the 23 miles to London. 493 00:36:20,780 --> 00:36:25,010 'By the time she arrived Wyatt's rebellion had collapsed. 494 00:36:25,099 --> 00:36:28,449 'He had overestimated support for his cause. 495 00:36:29,539 --> 00:36:33,289 'Wyatt was beheaded and quartered on Tower Hill. 496 00:36:35,460 --> 00:36:39,889 'At first Elizabeth was detained and interrogated at Whitehall, 497 00:36:39,980 --> 00:36:43,090 'then it was decided to send her to the Tower. 498 00:36:43,179 --> 00:36:46,768 'The night before the journey Elizabeth wrote to Mary. 499 00:36:46,860 --> 00:36:49,090 'She was writing for her life.' 500 00:36:52,059 --> 00:36:54,329 "I most humbly beseech Your Majesty 501 00:36:54,420 --> 00:36:57,960 "that I be not condemned without answer and due proof 502 00:36:58,059 --> 00:37:00,250 "which it seems that I now am. 503 00:37:00,340 --> 00:37:04,650 "For without cause proved I am commanded to go to the Tower, 504 00:37:04,739 --> 00:37:09,530 "a place more wanted for a false traitor than a true subject." 505 00:37:10,460 --> 00:37:12,610 'This is the letter that Elizabeth writes 506 00:37:12,699 --> 00:37:15,260 'at this most desperate moment of her life.' 507 00:37:15,340 --> 00:37:19,210 She begins with a fine, firm, clear hand 508 00:37:19,300 --> 00:37:23,050 but gradually, as the pressure of circumstances gets to her - 509 00:37:23,139 --> 00:37:28,690 remember, she thought that she'd only days before she was executed - 510 00:37:28,780 --> 00:37:32,050 the handwriting becomes looser and more irregular. 511 00:37:32,139 --> 00:37:34,969 She makes mistakes and then she corrects them. 512 00:37:35,059 --> 00:37:39,570 But finally she's run out of things to say and time to say them in 513 00:37:39,659 --> 00:37:44,289 and still she's only a quarter of the way down the second page. 514 00:37:44,380 --> 00:37:47,170 Then, as a primitive security device 515 00:37:47,260 --> 00:37:50,010 to stop anybody forging her handwriting 516 00:37:50,099 --> 00:37:53,369 and making incriminating additions to the letter 517 00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:57,809 she draws long diagonal strokes that almost fill up the page. 518 00:37:57,900 --> 00:38:01,518 'They leave just space at the bottom for a postscript.' 519 00:38:01,619 --> 00:38:05,320 "'I humbly crave but only one word with yourself." 520 00:38:05,420 --> 00:38:07,570 'It summarises the entire letter. 521 00:38:07,659 --> 00:38:10,849 'And then at the right she signs off. 522 00:38:10,940 --> 00:38:15,800 "'Your Highness's most faithful subject from the beginning 523 00:38:15,900 --> 00:38:18,730 "'and shall be to my end."' 524 00:38:19,739 --> 00:38:22,690 Elizabeth's letter was a long one. 525 00:38:22,780 --> 00:38:26,170 Deliberately so, because by the time she had finished 526 00:38:26,260 --> 00:38:28,210 the tide was too high 527 00:38:28,300 --> 00:38:32,000 for a boat to be able to make the journey safely to the Tower. 528 00:38:32,099 --> 00:38:35,449 She'd bought herself a few precious hours 529 00:38:35,539 --> 00:38:37,489 but to no avail. 530 00:38:37,579 --> 00:38:40,289 Mary didn't even deign to reply. 531 00:38:41,420 --> 00:38:46,768 'Early the next morning Elizabeth was rowed up the river to the Tower. 532 00:38:50,219 --> 00:38:52,849 'The rain was falling in a steady drizzle. 533 00:38:53,940 --> 00:38:57,480 'Elizabeth knew that most of those who made this voyage 534 00:38:57,579 --> 00:38:59,570 'would never make another.' 535 00:39:10,018 --> 00:39:13,250 When Elizabeth landed the river was very high 536 00:39:13,340 --> 00:39:15,768 and the steps were very slippery. 537 00:39:15,860 --> 00:39:18,530 She found it difficult to keep her feet. 538 00:39:18,619 --> 00:39:22,369 She found it even more difficult to control her terror. 539 00:39:23,940 --> 00:39:27,409 "I never thought to come here a prisoner. 540 00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:30,610 "I beseech you all, my friends and fellows, 541 00:39:30,699 --> 00:39:34,130 "bear witness that I come here no traitor 542 00:39:34,219 --> 00:39:39,409 "but as true a subject to the Queen's majesty as any now alive." 543 00:39:39,500 --> 00:39:42,730 At the top of the steps stood the soldiers. 544 00:39:42,820 --> 00:39:44,809 They were there to guard her. 545 00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:50,409 Instead they fell on their knees crying, "God save Your Grace!" 546 00:40:08,059 --> 00:40:10,210 This is the room in the bell tower 547 00:40:10,300 --> 00:40:13,809 where Elizabeth is supposed to have been imprisoned. 548 00:40:13,900 --> 00:40:16,929 The eight weeks of her captivity in the Tower 549 00:40:17,018 --> 00:40:19,579 were the darkest days of her entire life. 550 00:40:19,659 --> 00:40:23,768 As so often happened at moments of psychological crisis she fell ill. 551 00:40:23,860 --> 00:40:26,570 She thought constantly of death. 552 00:40:26,659 --> 00:40:29,730 After all, she was only a few yards from the spot 553 00:40:29,820 --> 00:40:32,409 where her mother had been executed. 554 00:40:32,500 --> 00:40:35,570 She prayed to be delivered from the same fate. 555 00:40:35,659 --> 00:40:37,849 'Two months dragged by. 556 00:40:37,940 --> 00:40:40,449 'Still there was no word from Mary. 557 00:40:41,380 --> 00:40:44,130 'Elizabeth could only expect the worst. 558 00:40:45,579 --> 00:40:48,889 'On the morning of 19th May 1554 559 00:40:48,980 --> 00:40:51,969 'Sir Henry Bedingfield, Mary's staunch supporter, 560 00:40:52,059 --> 00:40:54,518 'arrived at the Tower with 100 men. 561 00:41:01,219 --> 00:41:04,530 'Elizabeth believed that she was about to die 562 00:41:04,619 --> 00:41:07,969 'and from Mary's point of view she deserved to. 563 00:41:08,059 --> 00:41:11,730 'Mary knew that she had been involved in the Wyatt plot 564 00:41:11,820 --> 00:41:14,809 'but Elizabeth had cleverly covered her tracks. 565 00:41:14,900 --> 00:41:16,849 'Without positive proof 566 00:41:16,940 --> 00:41:20,690 'Mary couldn't risk executing the heir to the throne. 567 00:41:20,780 --> 00:41:26,010 'Bedingfield took Elizabeth to Woodstock Palace near Oxford.' 568 00:41:26,099 --> 00:41:29,570 The relationship that Elizabeth had with Sir Henry 569 00:41:29,659 --> 00:41:33,969 was, from Sir Henry's point of view, a very professional one. 570 00:41:34,059 --> 00:41:37,969 From her point of view, I should think thoroughly frustrating 571 00:41:38,059 --> 00:41:41,369 because he was there with a bunch of keys 572 00:41:41,460 --> 00:41:45,650 and he kept her locked in. The garden gates were locked. 573 00:41:45,739 --> 00:41:50,599 If she wanted to go for a walk someone had to accompany her, an armed guard. 574 00:41:50,699 --> 00:41:54,969 She couldn't receive anything in case there were messages involved 575 00:41:55,059 --> 00:41:59,730 and she, in fact, called him, "my jailer". 576 00:42:02,579 --> 00:42:05,929 (Starkey) 'Elizabeth was locked up for almost a year 577 00:42:06,018 --> 00:42:07,969 'before Mary summoned her. 578 00:42:08,059 --> 00:42:10,730 'The Queen believed that she was pregnant 579 00:42:10,820 --> 00:42:14,889 'and she wanted Elizabeth to play a part in the christening. 580 00:42:14,980 --> 00:42:19,090 'But it was a phantom pregnancy and as his wife sickened 581 00:42:19,179 --> 00:42:22,250 'Philip's attitude to Elizabeth changed. 582 00:42:22,340 --> 00:42:26,010 'He thought that he could use her to keep control of England 583 00:42:26,099 --> 00:42:28,480 'by marrying her to a friend.' 584 00:42:34,500 --> 00:42:39,730 In the autumn of 1555 Elizabeth got Mary's permission to leave court 585 00:42:39,820 --> 00:42:44,840 and to come here to the peace and security of her country estate at Hatfield. 586 00:42:44,940 --> 00:42:46,889 She wanted to escape the court 587 00:42:46,980 --> 00:42:51,130 with its poisonous atmosphere of intrigue and surveillance. 588 00:42:51,219 --> 00:42:54,449 But she also wished to put a metaphorical distance 589 00:42:54,539 --> 00:42:58,369 between herself and Mary's government because that summer 590 00:42:58,460 --> 00:43:01,570 the burning of Protestants had really got underway. 591 00:43:10,099 --> 00:43:15,889 'More than 300 people met this horrible death during Mary's reign. 592 00:43:15,980 --> 00:43:17,929 'A few were lucky. 593 00:43:18,018 --> 00:43:22,090 'Kind executioners would tie bags of gunpowder to their legs 594 00:43:22,179 --> 00:43:24,449 'to finish them off quickly. 595 00:43:25,820 --> 00:43:27,969 'Most roasted alive. 596 00:43:30,659 --> 00:43:34,409 'Every death created a martyr for the Protestant cause. 597 00:43:34,500 --> 00:43:37,969 'Making England Catholic wasn't going to be easy. 598 00:43:42,860 --> 00:43:44,889 'Sensing that her time was near 599 00:43:44,980 --> 00:43:47,809 'Elizabeth fiercely resisted Philip's plans 600 00:43:47,900 --> 00:43:51,929 'to marry her off to a Catholic prince, the Duke of Savoy. 601 00:43:52,018 --> 00:43:54,579 'She would be no one's puppet. 602 00:44:03,619 --> 00:44:09,449 'Mary was dying but still she resisted naming Elizabeth as her successor. 603 00:44:09,539 --> 00:44:12,768 'Ten days before her death she finally relented 604 00:44:12,860 --> 00:44:15,159 'under pressure from her council.' 605 00:44:17,260 --> 00:44:20,170 It was 17th November 1558. 606 00:44:20,260 --> 00:44:23,449 Towards noon messengers arrived at Hatfield 607 00:44:23,539 --> 00:44:27,079 to inform Elizabeth that her sister Mary was dead 608 00:44:27,179 --> 00:44:29,329 and that she was now Queen. 609 00:44:29,420 --> 00:44:33,369 The story goes that they found her walking in the park 610 00:44:33,460 --> 00:44:35,840 underneath a great oak tree. 611 00:44:35,940 --> 00:44:40,050 As they fell on their knees before her she too knelt 612 00:44:40,139 --> 00:44:42,730 uttering the words of the 118th psalm, 613 00:44:42,820 --> 00:44:48,650 "A Domino factum est et mirabile in oculis nostris." 614 00:44:48,739 --> 00:44:53,599 "This is the Lord's doing and it is marvellous in our eyes." 615 00:45:00,380 --> 00:45:02,969 'The Spanish ambassador, De Feria, 616 00:45:03,059 --> 00:45:08,650 'told Elizabeth she owed her throne not to the lord but to King Philip. 617 00:45:08,739 --> 00:45:11,039 'Elizabeth would have none of it.' 618 00:45:11,139 --> 00:45:14,090 (Reader) "She is a very vain and clever woman. 619 00:45:14,179 --> 00:45:18,849 "She puts great store by all the people who put her in her present position 620 00:45:18,940 --> 00:45:23,449 "and she will not acknowledge that Your Majesty had any part in it. 621 00:45:23,539 --> 00:45:26,530 "She is determined to be governed by no one." 622 00:45:30,460 --> 00:45:32,809 On Wednesday 23rd November, 623 00:45:32,900 --> 00:45:37,489 Elizabeth rode through these great gates of the Charterhouse in London 624 00:45:37,579 --> 00:45:39,929 to take possession of her capital. 625 00:45:40,018 --> 00:45:44,489 Her journey from Hatfield had turned into a triumphal progress. 626 00:45:44,579 --> 00:45:47,170 She was accompanied with a great train 627 00:45:47,260 --> 00:45:50,250 of a thousand lords ladies and gentlemen! 628 00:45:50,340 --> 00:45:54,610 and vast, cheering crowds greeted her arrival. 629 00:45:57,579 --> 00:46:01,199 'Elizabeth consulted the astrologer Dr John Dee 630 00:46:01,300 --> 00:46:07,050 'before choosing Sunday 15th January 1559 for her coronation. 631 00:46:08,780 --> 00:46:11,849 'The Queen walked along lengths of blue cloth 632 00:46:11,940 --> 00:46:15,929 'from Westminster Hall to the entrance to Westminster Abbey. 633 00:46:16,018 --> 00:46:21,090 'The crowds behind her fell on the cloth cutting off pieces as souvenirs.' 634 00:46:25,980 --> 00:46:30,809 Today Elizabeth would play the part that she had understudied so long - 635 00:46:30,900 --> 00:46:32,849 and in what a setting. 636 00:46:32,940 --> 00:46:36,449 Her christening at Greenwich had been high theatre 637 00:46:36,539 --> 00:46:39,289 but her coronation in Westminster Abbey 638 00:46:39,380 --> 00:46:42,530 would be a performance on the grandest scale. 639 00:46:50,739 --> 00:46:55,369 First Elizabeth was acclaimed by the people and swore the oath. 640 00:46:55,460 --> 00:46:57,760 Next her outer robes were removed 641 00:46:57,860 --> 00:47:00,849 and she knelt, solemnly, for the anointing. 642 00:47:00,940 --> 00:47:05,170 Bishop Oglethorpe anointed her in the seven traditional places - 643 00:47:05,260 --> 00:47:08,289 shoulder blades breasts, palms of the hand 644 00:47:08,380 --> 00:47:10,760 and finally on the crown of the head. 645 00:47:10,860 --> 00:47:12,809 Then she was enthroned. 646 00:47:25,860 --> 00:47:29,929 'Successively three different crowns were put on her head 647 00:47:30,018 --> 00:47:32,889 'and, on her fourth finger, a ring 648 00:47:32,980 --> 00:47:38,099 'as a symbol of the mystical marriage between Elizabeth and her kingdom.' 649 00:47:45,420 --> 00:47:49,489 Tradition, mystery and symbolism 650 00:47:49,579 --> 00:47:53,530 had made her Queen of England as fully and completely 651 00:47:53,619 --> 00:47:57,289 as any of her predecessors had been king. 652 00:48:18,619 --> 00:48:21,610 Elizabeth at last wore the crown. 653 00:48:21,699 --> 00:48:23,969 Now came the difficult bit. 654 00:48:24,059 --> 00:48:27,679 She had to show that she could grasp the reality of power 655 00:48:27,780 --> 00:48:30,159 and govern a divided country. 656 00:48:30,260 --> 00:48:34,969 To do that she had to disprove two widespread assumptions - 657 00:48:35,059 --> 00:48:39,250 that no monarch could ever match the achievement of her father 658 00:48:39,340 --> 00:48:42,929 and that no woman could ever make an effective ruler. 659 00:48:43,305 --> 00:48:49,758 Support us and become VIP member to remove all ads from www.SubtitleDB.org 58747

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