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Mosfilm
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Film Studio 3
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Ordinary fascism
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The documentary uses trophy
documentary footage from the Film
Archive
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of the German Ministry of Propaganda and
the personal photo archive of Adolf Hitler,
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and also a variety of amateur photos taken
by Nazi officials and soldiers.
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Ordinary Fascism
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In our documentary, we certainly do not
intend to cover all aspects of such a
complex phenomenon as fascism.
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This is simply impossible within the
constraints of a single documentary.
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It is also impossible because many
important aspects of fascism were never
filmed, thus leaving no documentary
evidence.
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From a vast amount of materials, we simply
selected those that impressed us the most
and those that,
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in our opinion, allow us together with our
audience to ponder over this
phenomenon.
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Chapter One
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A merry cat.
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A hungry cat.
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A sly cat.
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A bear.
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An unhappy lion in the zoo.
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Right from their first word and their first
step, children feel the need for creative
expression.
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And how different these children are.
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They contemplate the world and try to
express it any way they can.
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A construction site.
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The first snow.
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A stadium.
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The 20th century.
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The 21 st century.
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These people do not realize that we are
filming them...
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...and, to a certain degree, we feel sorry for
this.
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We came to one of Moscow's universities
during the entrance exams,
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set up our camera in the yard and tried to
observe,
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without being noticed, how people await
the results of the exams,
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how differently they behaved and
expressed their innermost feelings.
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Well, it is common knowledge that one has
to wear one's oldest pair of shoes during
the exams...
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...and, of course, having a haircut on the
eve of the exam bodes certain failure.
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And here is the announcement of the
results.
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How amazingly diverse human beings are.
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And someone is waiting for these people.
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I think someone is.
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Although the waiting can be different, as
well.
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Probably, only love can make people
resemble each other in some way.
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This is Moscow.
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And here is Warsaw.
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There are many people down below,
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and all of them have their own personal
perception of the surrounding world,
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and every one is a human being.
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For every mother, her child is the best in
the world.
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For every child, his mother is the best, the
most beautiful and unique.
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"My mother is the most beautiful woman"
is the title of this series of children's
drawings.
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My mother is a ballet dancer.
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And my mother is a singer.
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For this kid from Berlin, his Mom is the
most beautiful woman,
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whereas for this kid from Moscow, his Mom
is the best.
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"Deutchland uber alles" is written on this
post.
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Germany is more important than anything.
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Germany is above all.
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Today, new museums replace former
concentration camps in Europe.
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Wooden barracks have long been burnt
down; only ruined chimneys jut out from
the grass.
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Skeletons of brick buildings are overgrown
with weeds and wild flowers.
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We can enter this building.
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The smell of human bodies has been gone
for decades.
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Thousands died here.
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And now the visitors leave their
inscriptions on the walls, as they do
everywhere.
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These freshly painted furnaces cooled off a
long time ago,
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and the bathtub built for the commandant
of the crematorium right next to them is
now useless.
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Tons of women's hair lie behind a special
protective glass.
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Matted and tightly packed, it does not look
like human hair anymore.
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There are thousands of prosthetic devices
behind the glass.
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There are children's chamber-pots in a
huge bunker.
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Mothers who came here with their kids
thought they would live here.
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This neat mound is piled up from ashes and
withered bones of a million of people.
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Certainly, those are human beings too.
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Well, they think they are.
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And this is a crowd, the masses, as Hitler
used to call it.
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A crowd.
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Here, an individual carries no worth.
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The strength is in numbers - dozens,
hundreds of thousands, millions.
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One chair was left for the Fuehrer.
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Just one. Just for him.
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He is going to sit down now.
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He sat.
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Chapter Two. "Mein Kampf" or how to treat
calf's hides.
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At approximately the same time a unique
copy of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf,
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the bible of German Fascism, was printed
in an ancient German city.
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Calves of the best German breed were
chosen for the cover.
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They were skinned,
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and the hides were tanned on ancient
machines.
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Here you see a tanning machine built in the
1 8th century.
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Masters, who underwent background
checks as far as ten generations
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made an especially durable parchment
from these hides.
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A team of calligraphy experts re-wrote the
book by hand, using special ink,
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unique quills and a unique typeface,
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which had been approved by dozens of
officials.
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This footage is taken from a Kulturfilm
called "Buch der Deutschen".
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You can hear the voice of the announcer.
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It is a long film, and, of course, we could
show you only a small portion of it.
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As to the content of the book, it is a pity
that people did not read it carefully.
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If the Germans had studied it thoroughly,
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the fate of Germany might have been
different.
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A team of mine workers descended an old
German mine and extracted ore.
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The ore was smelted in special kilns.
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Binder plates were made out of the ore.
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These were stainless, refractory steel
plates.
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Here, they are being forged.
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Now they are going to be affixed,
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and the book will be ready.
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It is supposed to last for a thousand years
in a perfect condition, without getting
tarnished or rusty,
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because the Reich of Adolf Hitler, the Third
Reich was supposed to last for a thousand
years.
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Now, the book is going to be placed in a
special sarcophagus.
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Here.
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Later, it will be buried in a special
mausoleum.
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Chapter Three. A few words about the
author.
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Adolf Hitler was known to the police since
1 91 2.
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Here is his police record card.
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A son of a petty bureaucrat and a mediocre
painter,
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he reached the rank of corporal during
World War I.
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After the war, he became a paid
Reichswehr informer.
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A frequent customer of beer halls, he was
sent as a spy...
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...to the national-socialist German Worker's
Party formed shortly after the war.
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You can judge by yourself to what extend it
can be called a socialist and worker's
party...
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...while watching this old newsreel
showing a procession of party activists and
those who reviewed the parade.
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Hitler liked the party, though.
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He signed up under Number 7 and set
upon a task of becoming a Number One.
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A petty bourgeois, an ordinary citizen, he
understood very well the mentality of the
masses.
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A skillful demagogue, he soon became the
principal speaker for the party...
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...and was later to become the Fuehrer of
the Nazi party.
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By then, young men in uniform and
swastika signs had started to appear on
the streets of German towns.
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Storm troopers - the backbone of the party
- are marching here.
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The ranks of storm troopers were formed
from petty bourgeoisie
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(here goes a butcher, and there is a baker),
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from petty officials and lumpen proletariat.
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Party officials did not mind recruiting even
common criminals.
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As Hitler once said:
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"I need people with strong fists...
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...whose principles will not prevent them
from taking human life if necessary."
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Here you see these people with strong
fists.
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"And if on occasion they swipe a watch or a
jewel, I don't care a tinker's damn."
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Commoners peered at this new party and
new uniforms with open interest.
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They were impressed by the music bands,
uniforms and swastikas.
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Initially, Hitler lacked the appearance of a
leader.
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You will see it now.
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But he practiced, and practiced hard.
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Here, you see him practicing his speech in
front of a mirror.
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Those are pictures from a photo album
kept by his personal photographer.
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And now you will see how he applies his
skills in practice.
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He delivered speeches frequently and
promised a lot.
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He promised prosperity for everyone,
promised to return German lands annexed
by the Treaty of Versailles.
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He promised tenants lower rents, and
landlords the opportunity to raise rents.
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He promised department store owners that
he would eliminate competition,
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and owners of small shops that he would
destroy department stores.
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In short, he was scattering promises
generously to left and right.
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"Sieg Heil!"
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Rallies and parades of storm troopers were
becoming more and more immense in
scale.
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They cost a lot of money,
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although the party received generous
subsidies from unknown sources.
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For instance, at one of the rallies, the
participants consumed about a million or a
million and two hundred thousand
sausages.
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00:16:08,808 --> 00:16:16,203
And in 1934, the amount of sausages
consumed reached two and a half million
per rally.
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00:16:17,568 --> 00:16:20,321
The connection with the Reichswehr is
seen in every frame.
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Great importance was attached to
traditions and uniforms -
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starting from the ritual of banner
consecration. Just look at Hitler's face.
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He certainly"grew up,"figuratively
speaking.
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Parades in the cities assumed frightening
proportions and resembled state
ceremonies,
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although the future Nazi party did not yet
hold the reigns of power.
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In order to seize this power, the fascists
needed Hindenburg. Here he is.
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An old Imperial General, a close supporter
of Kaiser Wilhelm II,
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Hindenburg became President of German
republic by a twist of fate.
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Respect for the institution of the Kaiser
and a thirst for revenge played an
important role.
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He probably did not even realize what the
notion "republic" meant,
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but...Sorry, it seems he is lost...Ah, that's
all right, he is going to find the way...
There he goes...
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He did it!
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So, I was saying that probably did not even
know what the republic was; but
nevertheless, he became its president.
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An old aristocrat, he despised Hitler and
called him a corporal.
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However, in 1 933, he received a letter from
a group of the most influential German
industrialists, the owners of monopolies.
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To the letter was attached two billion
German marks,
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and those two billion demanded that
Hindenburg appointed Hitler to the post of
German Reichschancellor.
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00:18:00,408 --> 00:18:02,683
Large business needed a dictator.
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00:18:04,288 --> 00:18:06,722
Hindenburg did not want to appoint Hitler,
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but two billion marks...
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You will see now how he parts with twenty
pfennig and understand what two billion
marks meant to him.
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There it goes!
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Gone!
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He meticulously closes his wallet.
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00:18:23,568 --> 00:18:27,083
Nevertheless, he appointed Hitler as
Reichschancellor.
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00:18:28,368 --> 00:18:30,882
Hitler was greeted with the fascist salute.
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00:18:33,568 --> 00:18:38,403
Later Hitler stated, "We managed to
persuade the old man in three weeks.
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00:18:39,128 --> 00:18:43,644
He thanked Hindenburg in kind.
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00:18:45,168 --> 00:18:46,726
And now Hitler is finally in his office.
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00:18:47,568 --> 00:18:52,244
In the beginning, he maintains a collegiate
attitude; he even refuses to be the first to
sit down and offers a seat to his colleagues.
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00:18:53,448 --> 00:19:04,803
The members of his Cabinet included
Goering, von Papen, von Blomberg, Frick,
Hugenberg - his party comrades and large
industrialists.
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Hitler sits down.
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From that moment, the fate of Germany
took a drastic turn.
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Chapter Four. Meanwhile...
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Chapter Four. Meanwhile...
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Let's see find out what interested western
moviemakers during that period,
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the years of Hitler's rise to power.
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00:20:21,088 --> 00:20:23,158
This is video footage from the World In
Review newsreel.
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00:20:24,368 --> 00:20:26,404
Here is the King of England.
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00:20:28,608 --> 00:20:32,806
He was, incidentally, a cousin of Nicolas II.
As you can see, he was still alive and
kicking then.
198
00:20:38,128 --> 00:20:40,926
And here is the former King of Spain. He
was also filmed.
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00:20:41,608 --> 00:20:43,963
Look at his face. Does it strike you as a face
of an intellectual person?
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00:20:49,128 --> 00:20:52,165
The King of Norway apparently attending a
ship launching ceremony.
201
00:20:55,648 --> 00:20:59,004
The Dutch Queen descends a ladder
accompanying her own yacht.
202
00:21:03,128 --> 00:21:05,278
The Swedish King plays tennis.
203
00:21:05,488 --> 00:21:08,719
Not bad for a man of his age.
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00:21:15,688 --> 00:21:18,521
Former German Emperor Wilhelm II.
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00:21:19,448 --> 00:21:20,483
He feeds ducks.
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00:21:26,408 --> 00:21:28,364
France, Briand.
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00:21:31,008 --> 00:21:35,081
Hero of World War I Clemenceau,
nicknamed The Tiger.
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00:21:36,488 --> 00:21:40,083
French President Lebrun with his family.
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00:21:40,808 --> 00:21:47,646
Important political figures in the West
assumed that after coming to power Hitler
would introduce a moderate policy.
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Look at this man!
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00:21:51,888 --> 00:21:59,568
None of the European rulers could imagine
the role this man would play in their
destinies.
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00:22:00,728 --> 00:22:03,606
Hitler and his entourage visit an opera
theater.
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00:22:04,088 --> 00:22:07,285
This event is also considered important
enough to be included in the newsreel.
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00:22:11,488 --> 00:22:13,683
A short speech honoring Hindenburg.
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00:22:24,968 --> 00:22:27,198
A seal. It slightly resembles Hindenburg.
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00:22:28,448 --> 00:22:32,839
However, seals are not included in the
footage just because of that.
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00:22:33,728 --> 00:22:38,199
They are shown here simply because
viewers had been always fascinated by the
fact that animals often behave like human
beings.
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00:22:39,648 --> 00:22:44,961
So, here they are, appearing in the same
program as royalty and Hitler.
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00:22:56,448 --> 00:22:59,679
The 20th century continued its course.
220
00:23:01,208 --> 00:23:03,164
It was only the end of its first third.
221
00:23:10,048 --> 00:23:14,087
The population of the planet had barely
surpassed two billion.
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00:23:19,048 --> 00:23:21,687
This car race reduced it a fraction.
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00:23:32,528 --> 00:23:37,727
It is not 1 964. It is 1934.
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Looks the same, though.
225
00:23:47,728 --> 00:23:49,719
And here is another phenomenon of the
20th century.
226
00:23:50,248 --> 00:23:56,198
Cab Calloway - famous jazz singer, the
legend of the 1930s.
227
00:24:10,648 --> 00:24:13,560
And here is the trendiest song of the 1930s.
228
00:24:14,648 --> 00:24:16,843
It was performed in all world capitals.
229
00:24:17,888 --> 00:24:18,764
This is New York.
230
00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:52,163
It is either London, or Paris.
231
00:25:12,128 --> 00:25:13,607
Everything looked normal.
232
00:25:14,608 --> 00:25:17,441
Only Marlene Dietrich refused to return to
Germany.
233
00:25:18,128 --> 00:25:21,677
For political reasons. She is giving an
interview.
234
00:25:24,288 --> 00:25:28,918
Meanwhile, she is working as a model in
Hollywood waiting for her lucky break.
235
00:25:42,928 --> 00:25:45,920
And there is a Venus Measurement contest
nearby.
236
00:25:47,008 --> 00:25:48,600
Sorry, you are not quite a Venus type.
237
00:25:52,848 --> 00:25:54,167
Well, that is more like it!
238
00:25:57,448 --> 00:26:00,008
These"Venuses" earn their living by
"alternative" methods, so to speak.
239
00:26:01,368 --> 00:26:03,006
After all, they need to eat somehow.
240
00:26:07,088 --> 00:26:08,487
New York, of course.
241
00:26:10,848 --> 00:26:13,442
Even this evokes the 20th century.
242
00:26:16,768 --> 00:26:17,598
And that, too.
243
00:26:23,128 --> 00:26:27,440
Police practicing on dummies - a great
show!
244
00:26:34,808 --> 00:26:36,605
The reality is almost the same, though.
245
00:26:48,408 --> 00:26:49,682
And here is London.
246
00:26:49,928 --> 00:26:52,726
There were particular causes of street
disturbances here.
247
00:26:53,288 --> 00:26:56,325
The focus is the leader of British fascists -
Oswald Mosley -
248
00:26:56,688 --> 00:26:59,521
here he walks in the middle, here, near the
sign, this is Mosley.
249
00:27:00,008 --> 00:27:03,205
He heads to a meeting. He plans to deliver
a speech.
250
00:27:03,688 --> 00:27:07,966
The Londoners are trying to beat him up.
The police have to come to his rescue.
251
00:27:25,888 --> 00:27:26,718
Marseilles.
252
00:27:27,488 --> 00:27:33,358
King Alexander of Yugoslavia arrives in
France by invitation of the French Foreign
Minister Barthou.
253
00:27:34,688 --> 00:27:37,600
Mr. Barthou feared Germany.
254
00:27:37,688 --> 00:27:40,441
He was a proponent of closer ties with the
Soviet Union...
255
00:27:40,968 --> 00:27:44,677
...and tried to establish friendly relations
with Balkan states, as well.
256
00:27:51,568 --> 00:27:55,686
Both Barthou and King Alexander were
assassinated in the car.
257
00:27:56,568 --> 00:28:01,244
The killer was killed at the scene, killed by
the police.
258
00:28:02,088 --> 00:28:05,558
This assassination bears a striking
resemblance to the Kennedy assassination.
259
00:28:07,168 --> 00:28:11,047
Later, it was revealed that the
assassination was plotted by Berlin,
260
00:28:11,888 --> 00:28:13,719
although nobody knew it then.
261
00:28:14,768 --> 00:28:17,362
Pierre Laval became Barthou's successor.
262
00:28:18,568 --> 00:28:23,517
He favored Germany. He was later charged
with treason.
263
00:28:24,408 --> 00:28:26,763
The French policy drastically changed,
though.
264
00:28:28,848 --> 00:28:33,558
Well, let us go back to Germany, though,
and see what is going on there.
265
00:28:44,208 --> 00:28:44,408
Chapter Five.
The Culture of the Third Reich.
"Any corporal can become a teacher; not
every teacher can become a corporal,
though."Adolf Hitler
266
00:28:44,408 --> 00:28:53,806
Chapter Five.
The Culture of the Third Reich.
"Any corporal can become a teacher; not
every teacher can become a corporal,
though."Adolf Hitler
267
00:28:54,768 --> 00:29:02,846
These torch-marches - Fackelzuge -
continued for three days in a row after
Hitler's coming to power.
268
00:29:04,368 --> 00:29:09,567
I look at this river of fire and try to
understand the real,
269
00:29:09,648 --> 00:29:13,482
deep meaning behind these fire shows.
270
00:29:15,008 --> 00:29:23,245
Certainly, they demonstrated the might of
the new order; they frightened and excited
simple souls.
271
00:29:24,368 --> 00:29:29,920
Although, I think their major purpose was
to turn a human being into a beast...
272
00:29:30,528 --> 00:29:35,238
...in a course of a solemn ceremony,
273
00:29:35,688 --> 00:29:39,283
so that while being dehumanized, people
would feel like they were becoming heroes.
274
00:29:40,488 --> 00:29:44,242
And we all know too well that the Third
Reich desperately needed barbarians
ready for anything.
275
00:29:45,368 --> 00:29:52,843
Germany needed barbarians primarily to
destroy anything that stood in the way of
Nazism.
276
00:30:00,608 --> 00:30:02,838
Communists were the first targets.
277
00:30:03,408 --> 00:30:05,126
They were sent to concentration camps and
prisons.
278
00:30:05,888 --> 00:30:07,685
Then came the turn of social-democrats,
279
00:30:08,488 --> 00:30:11,719
union leaders, labor activists,
280
00:30:12,248 --> 00:30:14,887
editors of magazines, newspapers, radio
stations
281
00:30:15,448 --> 00:30:19,760
- all those who dared to think differently
from Hitler.
282
00:30:22,168 --> 00:30:25,319
I look at this fiery swastika...
283
00:30:26,128 --> 00:30:29,086
...and cannot but wonder how could it
happen that in Germany,
284
00:30:29,608 --> 00:30:35,365
a country with great cultural traditions, a
mass of semi-literate,
285
00:30:35,768 --> 00:30:41,286
self-complacent and narrow-minded
people that made every effort to turn
human beings into raging barbarians had
come to power.
286
00:30:43,768 --> 00:30:45,804
They are burning books.
287
00:30:46,448 --> 00:30:49,406
At that time, books were burnt in the yards
of all universities.
288
00:30:50,168 --> 00:30:53,843
Goebbels addressed crowds in front of the
Berlin University.
289
00:30:53,928 --> 00:30:56,647
He delivered exultant and elaborate
speeches.
290
00:30:57,288 --> 00:31:02,078
He spoke of the triumph of German spirit,
of the new German culture.
291
00:31:02,608 --> 00:31:10,288
Meanwhile, students, together with
Goebbels' SS troopers,
292
00:31:10,368 --> 00:31:11,118
threw books onto bonfires.
293
00:31:13,848 --> 00:31:15,406
Which books do you think were burnt?
294
00:31:15,928 --> 00:31:21,639
Those authored by Tolstoy and
Mayakovsky, Voltaire and Anatole France,
295
00:31:22,088 --> 00:31:24,648
Romain Rolland and Jack London.
296
00:31:25,208 --> 00:31:31,363
Goebells kept speaking and they kept
burning books written by the best German
authors:
297
00:31:31,768 --> 00:31:39,197
Heine, Thomas and Heinrich Mann,
Feuchtwanger, Remarque, Berthold Brecht,
298
00:31:39,648 --> 00:31:43,482
and, of course, works of Marx, Engels and
Lenin.
299
00:31:44,448 --> 00:31:48,566
They burnt the works of the greatest
non-Arian scientists.
300
00:31:50,208 --> 00:31:53,564
Pearls of human thought were consumed
by fire.
301
00:31:55,768 --> 00:31:57,599
So, what was left in the end?
302
00:31:58,088 --> 00:31:59,726
That's what was left.
303
00:32:00,088 --> 00:32:04,081
Here is how the German Academy of
Sciences gradually began to appear.
304
00:32:04,608 --> 00:32:10,877
Goebbels again is making a speech. He is
presenting the new president of the
Academy, Seyss-Inquart.
305
00:32:10,968 --> 00:32:14,358
He is given a document confirming his
authority as president.
306
00:32:15,728 --> 00:32:23,567
Seyss-Inquart - the Gauleiter of Austria, a
common murderer in short, is delivering
his inauguration address.
307
00:32:24,768 --> 00:32:27,328
Pay attention to the listening crowd. Quite
an interesting bunch...
308
00:32:29,888 --> 00:32:32,197
And here is the Academy of Law.
309
00:32:32,288 --> 00:32:33,846
Frank is speaking.
310
00:32:33,928 --> 00:32:38,285
The crowd looks strikingly familiar.
311
00:32:38,888 --> 00:32:47,683
The Academy of Law, incidentally, passed a
resolution establishing that the love to
Fuehrer is a legal notion;
312
00:32:48,208 --> 00:32:52,167
therefore, those who dislike him could be
prosecuted according to the Criminal Code.
313
00:32:52,248 --> 00:32:58,084
And here is a meeting of large farm
owners. Do not confuse this with the
meeting of the Academy of Law.
314
00:32:58,248 --> 00:33:00,603
The Agricultural Minister Walter Darre is
speaking.
315
00:33:01,008 --> 00:33:04,762
In attendance is the farmer elite of the new
type,
316
00:33:04,848 --> 00:33:07,726
the so-called "ploughmen" of the Third
Reich.
317
00:33:08,888 --> 00:33:11,607
And here is the command of the Empire.
318
00:33:12,168 --> 00:33:14,079
Please, meet Mr. Hitler.
319
00:33:17,128 --> 00:33:21,201
We could not find a single person person
wearing civilian clothes among the crowd,
320
00:33:21,288 --> 00:33:24,758
or at least a coat or a hat.
321
00:33:37,568 --> 00:33:40,480
Chapter Six. The great nationalist idea in
action.
322
00:33:41,368 --> 00:33:43,518
Hitler once stated,
323
00:33:43,968 --> 00:33:47,643
"If someone finds a scull somewhere, do not
say it belongs to our ancestors.
324
00:33:48,128 --> 00:33:51,757
I insist that Neanderthal was not our
ancestor.
325
00:33:52,288 --> 00:33:54,882
We descend directly from the Ancient
Greeks."
326
00:33:56,048 --> 00:34:01,441
In general, scull proportions were an
integral part of the Nazi racial theory.
327
00:34:01,928 --> 00:34:03,407
Here you see a lecturer.
328
00:34:03,928 --> 00:34:07,318
He shows the world map with the locations
of areas where the "right sculls" reside,
329
00:34:07,888 --> 00:34:12,598
those of the Nordic type, pure Aryan, pure
German.
330
00:34:13,368 --> 00:34:17,327
He holds the right scull in one hand, and
the wrong one - in another.
331
00:34:17,728 --> 00:34:21,243
One hand holds the Nordic scull, and
another - a non-Nordic scull.
332
00:34:21,728 --> 00:34:25,118
These are people with the right kind of
scull. This one.
333
00:34:26,288 --> 00:34:27,801
And this one.
334
00:34:28,808 --> 00:34:30,321
And that one.
335
00:34:31,488 --> 00:34:34,286
Here is an entire row with the right kind of
scull.
336
00:34:34,928 --> 00:34:41,163
And here is the wrong kind of scull -
Alexander Pushkin, a Slav with mixture of
Negro blood.
337
00:34:41,728 --> 00:34:45,243
Or Leo Tolstoy, for instance. He has the
wrong kind of scull, too.
338
00:34:46,288 --> 00:34:49,246
Karl Marx is certainly out of the question.
339
00:34:50,288 --> 00:34:53,325
And Anton Chekhov.
340
00:34:54,328 --> 00:34:56,046
And Mayakovsky.
341
00:34:58,648 --> 00:35:03,642
Einstein's scull is even less appropriate,
can't you see?
342
00:35:05,288 --> 00:35:08,644
And here we finally have a man with the
right scull - Martin Bormann.
343
00:35:09,008 --> 00:35:12,762
They say he is still hiding his scull
somewhere in the Argentinean selva.
344
00:35:12,848 --> 00:35:16,238
Or Ernst Roehm, for instance. Such a nice
scull.
345
00:35:16,848 --> 00:35:21,763
Julius Streicher - the main Nazi "preacher"
of racism, obscurantism and anti-semitism.
346
00:35:21,848 --> 00:35:25,397
He probably also believes his scull has the
perfect proportions.
347
00:35:25,968 --> 00:35:29,324
This is Die Deutsche Wochenschau
newsreel edition of the Nazi period.
348
00:35:29,568 --> 00:35:31,877
We found it in the Goebbels'archives.
349
00:35:32,248 --> 00:35:38,244
The announcer says, "Look at the Jews
dividing the Soviet riches among
themselves."
350
00:35:38,768 --> 00:35:45,924
And whom do you think we see? It is
Alexander Dovzhenko giving the Stalin
Award to Ivan Pyryev.
351
00:35:46,008 --> 00:35:48,238
Do you hear the announcer? Right now.
352
00:35:49,728 --> 00:35:51,400
And here is Pirogov.
353
00:35:55,088 --> 00:35:56,965
Serafimovich.
354
00:35:57,768 --> 00:36:04,879
This trick is characteristic of Goebbels'
propaganda methods.
355
00:36:07,128 --> 00:36:08,561
Here is Tarkhanov.
356
00:36:10,168 --> 00:36:12,807
Meanwhile, Streicher continues with his
speech.
357
00:36:12,888 --> 00:36:16,927
He demands that Germany should be rid of
the wrong kind of scull.
358
00:36:17,808 --> 00:36:19,924
So Germany started a meticulous clean-up
operation.
359
00:36:21,088 --> 00:36:27,766
Those with the wrong kind of scull who
were wise enough to flee the country
before it was too late were saved.
360
00:36:27,848 --> 00:36:33,559
See, they have special tags; they leave a
ship somewhere abroad.
361
00:36:35,048 --> 00:36:42,523
The fate of those who did not want or
could not decide to leave was much worse.
362
00:36:48,448 --> 00:36:54,205
Here is footage from a propaganda film
commissioned by the National-Socialist
party.
363
00:36:54,368 --> 00:36:58,077
The film describes a perfect procedure for a
truly Arian marriage.
364
00:36:59,008 --> 00:37:02,557
A doctor asks, "Are documents ready?"-
"They are."
365
00:37:02,648 --> 00:37:05,606
"Is the bride present?"- "She is."- "Then
send her in."
366
00:37:08,008 --> 00:37:09,839
Here are the bride and groom.
367
00:37:10,768 --> 00:37:12,406
The bride enters the doctor's office.
368
00:37:13,848 --> 00:37:15,201
The groom has to wait outside.
369
00:37:16,248 --> 00:37:17,886
He is a bit nervous.
370
00:37:19,168 --> 00:37:20,647
"Freulein,"the doctor says,
371
00:37:21,168 --> 00:37:26,561
"when two young people are joined in
matrimony, they assume a great
responsibility."
372
00:37:27,208 --> 00:37:29,768
We will, however, not translate the doctor's
monologue any further.
373
00:37:29,848 --> 00:37:34,524
We would rather refer to a higher authority
on the subject.
374
00:37:35,568 --> 00:37:38,162
In one of his speeches, Kaltenbrunner
announced,
375
00:37:38,688 --> 00:37:45,799
"We should demand that all married and
single German women who have less than
four children...
376
00:37:45,888 --> 00:37:50,006
...must conceive from men with an
immaculate racial background.
377
00:37:50,768 --> 00:37:53,680
Whether these men are married or not is
irrelevant.
378
00:37:54,008 --> 00:38:01,084
Each family that already has four children
must loan a man for this purpose."
379
00:38:01,168 --> 00:38:03,477
Look at how attentive the bride is.
380
00:38:03,768 --> 00:38:10,685
We are not sure whether the groom is
ready to accept Kaltenbrunner's statement.
Or this new visitor.
381
00:38:11,128 --> 00:38:13,244
Let us continue with the quotes, though.
382
00:38:14,128 --> 00:38:21,000
Once Hitler said, "I wanted to do
something for the local residents of
Berchtesgaden.
383
00:38:21,088 --> 00:38:25,764
The population here is not quite pure
racially, it is rather weak I should say.
384
00:38:25,848 --> 00:38:29,682
However, after a Leibstandart regiment
had been stationed in the area for a year,
385
00:38:29,768 --> 00:38:34,239
many vivacious, healthy and strong kids
appeared in the neighborhood.
386
00:38:34,888 --> 00:38:40,167
We must offer similar help to the
population of Bavaria and Eastern Prussia,
387
00:38:40,688 --> 00:38:45,808
and send elite troops there to enhance the
local breed of the population."
388
00:38:46,888 --> 00:38:51,439
On other occasion, he stated, "Generally
speaking, in a hundred years,
389
00:38:51,528 --> 00:38:57,285
the elite part of the German nation will be
a product of SS activity."
390
00:38:57,368 --> 00:39:00,087
He meant, of course, a special activity,
391
00:39:00,168 --> 00:39:04,923
a highly effective activity, so to speak,
aimed at provoking the reproduction of
purebred Aryan children.
392
00:39:06,528 --> 00:39:10,999
Well, the inquiry and check-up seem to be
over.
393
00:39:14,288 --> 00:39:18,167
Everything is apparently in order. The bride
comes out of the office.
394
00:39:18,768 --> 00:39:21,202
"Many congratulations,"the doctor says.
395
00:39:21,288 --> 00:39:24,917
The groom is exultant. "Thank you, thank
you so much, doctor!"
396
00:39:25,408 --> 00:39:32,837
"Do not thank me,"says the doctor. "Thank
Freulein's ancestors. You can get married
now."
397
00:39:37,728 --> 00:39:40,686
A few years later, during the war,
398
00:39:40,808 --> 00:39:44,767
the Nazis had found another practical way
of exploiting the nationalist idea.
399
00:39:45,528 --> 00:39:52,400
Soldiers going home on leave received a
special sectional cradle. There it is.
400
00:39:53,288 --> 00:39:56,724
Soldiers were supposed to give these
cradles to their women.
401
00:39:57,248 --> 00:40:04,165
They also received an official document
stating that if their girlfriends or wives
became pregnant it would be considered a
patriotic act.
402
00:40:04,448 --> 00:40:07,440
Here is a soldier equipped with a cradle.
403
00:40:08,088 --> 00:40:12,366
Himmler even issued a special directive, an
elaborate directive.
404
00:40:12,808 --> 00:40:17,006
It basically ordered women to submit to
the sexual advances of soldiers.
405
00:40:17,488 --> 00:40:20,161
This woman, as you can see, followed the
order.
406
00:40:21,048 --> 00:40:28,762
Here, the officials came to her apartment
with a bouquet of flowers.
407
00:40:29,088 --> 00:40:34,208
They are going to give her a certificate
(look, he is going to take it from his
pocket).
408
00:40:34,288 --> 00:40:38,361
The certificate confirms that both the
woman and the baby are authentic Aryans.
409
00:40:38,848 --> 00:40:41,840
They called such babies"Gifts from the
Fuehrer."
410
00:40:43,368 --> 00:40:45,484
However, let jump back several years.
411
00:40:46,248 --> 00:40:53,518
In the 1 930s, the so-called "mass
processions" became very popular in
Germany.
412
00:40:54,608 --> 00:41:02,959
The processions, apparently, were meant
to prove that 2,000 years of German
history were only a prelude to the Third
Reich.
413
00:41:03,808 --> 00:41:08,962
It appears that fascism starts with a certain
nationalist self-importance,
414
00:41:09,048 --> 00:41:13,724
when people start to believe that they are
better than others just because they are
Germans.
415
00:41:14,288 --> 00:41:22,286
Looking at these peaceful parades, it is
hard to imagine, though, that they were a
prelude to the extermination of other
nations.
416
00:41:22,968 --> 00:41:24,481
Unfortunately, that's what it was.
417
00:41:25,128 --> 00:41:28,200
Let us have another look into the future.
418
00:41:29,608 --> 00:41:34,477
What you see is the report of Warsaw police
chief Jurgen Stroop
419
00:41:34,568 --> 00:41:39,358
dealing with the destruction of the Warsaw
Jewish ghetto.
420
00:41:40,048 --> 00:41:46,965
To prove the authenticity and correctness
of the report, it was accompanied by these
pictures,
421
00:41:47,048 --> 00:41:54,284
of people who had been singled out for
elimination and had been eliminated,
down to the last person.
422
00:42:14,648 --> 00:42:17,208
This picture was attached to the report.
423
00:42:22,368 --> 00:42:24,928
These people are ready to die.
424
00:42:29,928 --> 00:42:32,123
They are waiting for a shot.
425
00:42:35,728 --> 00:42:36,843
They are waiting.
426
00:42:50,008 --> 00:42:55,719
The report is signed, "Brigadenfuehrer,
Major General of Police Jurgen Stroop."
427
00:42:59,408 --> 00:43:04,721
Chapter Seven. Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein
Feuhrer.
428
00:43:04,808 --> 00:43:08,437
"One people, one Reich, one Feuhrer,"
referring to the unity of the nation.
429
00:43:08,528 --> 00:43:14,558
In order to demonstrate this unity, the
whole of Germany would on certain days
eat soup at charity soup kitchens.
430
00:43:14,648 --> 00:43:17,082
It was part of the Winter Aid campaign.
431
00:43:17,648 --> 00:43:20,401
Germany ate soup to the marches played
by military bands.
432
00:43:20,808 --> 00:43:23,641
Ein Topf - a pot.
433
00:43:24,248 --> 00:43:31,677
Huge vats, soup and coins disappearing
through the slot in a tin box. Just Like that.
434
00:43:32,088 --> 00:43:35,558
It was not just about coins and soup
though.
435
00:43:36,008 --> 00:43:39,284
It was all for the sake of showing loyalty to
the regime.
436
00:43:40,048 --> 00:43:46,726
You shared soup with the crowd and
therefore exhibited solidarity with the
events organized by the Nazi party and
governments.
437
00:43:47,128 --> 00:43:52,122
As simple as that -just eat soup and drop a
few coins.
438
00:43:55,488 --> 00:43:58,286
Charity soup events were common even at
the chambers of the Reich.
439
00:43:58,368 --> 00:44:00,928
The crowd here was more refined, though.
440
00:44:01,608 --> 00:44:04,486
Even Hitler attended the eating ceremony.
441
00:44:06,128 --> 00:44:12,647
Yet I doubt he ate the soup because he was
a vegetarian, strange as it might seem.
442
00:44:13,088 --> 00:44:15,238
Nevertheless, he did dole out coins.
443
00:44:15,928 --> 00:44:21,844
Here, he puts one in, and now, maybe a
second.
444
00:44:23,128 --> 00:44:26,245
Let's wait and see. Definitely worth
waiting.
445
00:44:28,488 --> 00:44:30,206
Still waiting.
446
00:44:32,608 --> 00:44:34,439
Well, too bad, cannot wait any longer, but
that's all right.
447
00:44:35,568 --> 00:44:41,040
Swaying is also a peculiar symbol of unity.
It is an old German tradition, though.
448
00:44:41,608 --> 00:44:47,524
There is indeed a feel of a common action
in swaying.
449
00:44:48,008 --> 00:44:55,767
Besides, it helped the commoners to cast
away the anxiety that, probably, swept
over them once in a while.
450
00:44:55,848 --> 00:44:59,397
You swayed with a group of other people,
and immediately felt better.
451
00:44:59,888 --> 00:45:03,676
Swaying took place on a massive scale in
those years.
452
00:45:04,768 --> 00:45:10,400
To demonstrate unity, the party leaders -
here is Goering - frequently attended
public festivities.
453
00:45:11,648 --> 00:45:14,481
Archery competitions are a tradition in
Germany.
454
00:45:14,568 --> 00:45:16,559
Goering shoots.
455
00:45:18,168 --> 00:45:22,207
Goering hits the target. I do not know how
he fared in real life, but in the film he
scored highly.
456
00:45:23,728 --> 00:45:26,686
He is served a traditional mug of beer.
457
00:45:28,128 --> 00:45:32,485
Where you want it or not, you have to drink
it. For the sake of solidarity.
458
00:45:36,088 --> 00:45:39,524
Heil!, the Reichsmarshal drinks beer!
459
00:45:44,008 --> 00:45:49,401
He finishes the mug and wipes his mouth
with the back of his hand, just like the rest
of common folk to show again solidarity
with people.
460
00:45:50,728 --> 00:45:56,121
And here is real solidarity - Goering again
but this time with Krupp von Bohlen und
Halbach -
461
00:45:56,208 --> 00:46:02,283
yes, the one who was commonly known as
the king of guns, the king of tanks, the
king of everything that kills.
462
00:46:03,288 --> 00:46:09,124
On the anniversary of Krupp's industrial
empire, the entire Nazi ruling elite paid a
visit to this industrial mogul.
463
00:46:12,008 --> 00:46:15,637
The Nazi leaders promised to hold back the
greedy German capital once.
464
00:46:16,168 --> 00:46:18,966
Now, they are queuing for a handshake.
465
00:46:19,728 --> 00:46:24,483
Himmler, the Gestapo chief is in the line, as
well. Here comes his turn, finally. He
obviously does not hold back this time.
466
00:46:24,928 --> 00:46:29,683
A short embrace. Another one.
467
00:46:32,368 --> 00:46:38,443
These celebrations clearly showed the real
essence of the economic program of Nazi
Germany
468
00:46:38,528 --> 00:46:44,000
(this is Hess, Hitler's deputy in the Nazi
party leadership).
469
00:46:45,888 --> 00:46:47,844
Here is the Krupp family.
470
00:46:47,928 --> 00:46:54,083
Krupp junior - the owner of Krupp
industries in today's Germany will appear
in an minute from the right.
471
00:46:54,568 --> 00:46:58,481
The speaker is Krupp senior, the father.
472
00:47:00,128 --> 00:47:02,358
Aren't you curious as to how he is going to
end the speech? Krupp's speech.
473
00:47:06,088 --> 00:47:08,727
"Heil Hitler!"- that's how he ends it.
474
00:47:12,088 --> 00:47:17,799
And here is another exhibition of
solidarity, this time - on the basis of
Autobahns, or highways.
475
00:47:17,888 --> 00:47:21,597
The construction of highways is not a big
deal, you might say,
476
00:47:21,688 --> 00:47:27,365
but those were strategic highways, the first
steps to war.
477
00:47:29,448 --> 00:47:32,565
Hitler is going to deliver a speech in a
moment.
478
00:47:32,648 --> 00:47:37,085
He will do it in his usual excitably manner.
479
00:47:38,408 --> 00:47:43,482
He starts fairly hesitantly and gradually
works himself up to a crescendo of
shouting and gesticulation.
480
00:47:50,048 --> 00:47:51,561
There we go. He is raging.
481
00:47:52,808 --> 00:47:58,838
He is raging, incidentally, about fairly
mundane matters. We must work, we must
work hard, and we must build highways.
482
00:47:59,328 --> 00:48:03,958
In short, workers - to work! Obviously, one
could have announced the same things in a
much calmer way.
483
00:48:04,888 --> 00:48:06,606
Yet his style appealed to the public.
484
00:48:13,608 --> 00:48:21,367
Achtung! Fuehrer starts digging. Loose soil
goes down from a special car.
485
00:48:23,768 --> 00:48:29,126
Let's roll back the frame. Look at this man
behind Hitler.
486
00:48:30,568 --> 00:48:31,842
Here we go.
487
00:48:33,608 --> 00:48:35,007
Like this.
488
00:48:36,648 --> 00:48:38,047
And like that.
489
00:48:40,168 --> 00:48:41,726
And like that.
490
00:48:43,328 --> 00:48:46,843
Goering opens the construction of the
second highway,
491
00:48:51,168 --> 00:48:53,523
Rudolf Hess - the third.
492
00:48:53,688 --> 00:48:58,762
A fuehrer of a lower rank opens the
construction of a smaller highway.
493
00:48:58,848 --> 00:49:05,003
He does not look too excited about
digging, does he?
494
00:49:05,088 --> 00:49:07,124
Am I done, yet! Thank Goodness, I can go
now!
495
00:49:08,208 --> 00:49:10,278
Here is an industrial exhibition.
496
00:49:10,848 --> 00:49:13,681
It clearly demonstrates where Germany
was heading.
497
00:49:13,888 --> 00:49:15,685
Submarines.
498
00:49:17,368 --> 00:49:18,960
Tanks.
499
00:49:19,208 --> 00:49:23,599
Planes. Bombs. And a portrait of Fuehrer
hanging above it all.
500
00:49:25,168 --> 00:49:25,208
Chapter Eight. About myself.
501
00:49:25,208 --> 00:49:28,564
Chapter Eight. About myself.
502
00:49:28,648 --> 00:49:37,397
"My mother was an ordinary woman, but
she gave Germany an extraordinary son."
Adolf Hitler.
503
00:49:37,888 --> 00:49:39,799
My uniform cap en face.
504
00:49:40,728 --> 00:49:42,639
My uniform cap half-face.
505
00:49:43,728 --> 00:49:45,639
I am against a mountain background.
506
00:49:47,608 --> 00:49:49,280
I am against a sea background.
507
00:49:50,928 --> 00:49:52,486
I am with a squirrel.
508
00:49:54,488 --> 00:49:56,206
I am with a girl.
509
00:49:57,768 --> 00:49:59,724
I am with lions.
510
00:50:02,328 --> 00:50:05,001
And here I am with my fans.
511
00:50:08,208 --> 00:50:10,927
This is my birthday cake.
512
00:50:11,008 --> 00:50:13,442
The bakers were searched, just in case.
513
00:50:17,768 --> 00:50:19,406
Here is another present.
514
00:50:19,488 --> 00:50:22,719
Socks that German women knitted
specially for me.
515
00:50:24,728 --> 00:50:28,198
"Me and Siegfried"- a painting by an
unknown author.
516
00:50:29,088 --> 00:50:34,321
A pity, I am peeking from under his armpit.
I would prefer the other way round.
517
00:50:34,848 --> 00:50:36,918
I am in a good mood.
518
00:50:39,408 --> 00:50:42,844
I am in a bad mood. I Cannot remember
what was wrong.
519
00:50:44,088 --> 00:50:49,242
Here I am in a good mood again. Mussolini
is in the background, but you do not have
to pay attention to him for now.
520
00:50:50,608 --> 00:50:55,318
Wow! An autograph! Well, there is always
an obliging back available.
521
00:51:02,528 --> 00:51:04,405
I crossed my arms over my chest.
522
00:51:05,288 --> 00:51:07,882
Later, I found a better place to stick them.
523
00:51:11,008 --> 00:51:15,160
A rare occasion - I am wearing a tuxedo
while reviewing the guards of honor
detachment.
524
00:51:16,968 --> 00:51:21,644
The tailor was paid in kind. True, the fit is
perfect!
525
00:51:40,608 --> 00:51:42,087
I am going to leave now.
526
00:51:44,728 --> 00:51:46,764
I am delivering a speech.
527
00:51:47,328 --> 00:51:53,597
By the way, in this speech, Hitler
announced that he had achieved
everything in his life, imagine, by pure
dedication and hard work.
528
00:51:54,408 --> 00:51:59,118
He complained about the hard times he
went through in his childhood and youth,
including even starvation, but,
nevertheless,
529
00:51:59,208 --> 00:52:06,000
he had stubbornly pursued his glorious
goal, had overcome"unimaginable"
obstacles and had finally reached it.
530
00:52:10,888 --> 00:52:15,279
"No, it was not intelligentsia that gave me
strength,"
531
00:52:15,368 --> 00:52:18,804
Hitler continued and stated that he had
always found support among the workers
and peasants.
532
00:52:19,128 --> 00:52:23,565
No wonder, it was the 20th century; who
else he could lean on, after all?
533
00:52:23,648 --> 00:52:26,606
Even Erhard had to count on workers and
peasants.
534
00:52:26,968 --> 00:52:29,846
Hitler delivered a great variety of
speeches.
535
00:52:30,248 --> 00:52:34,924
They are all rather banal in terms of
context, but he certainly delivered them
with a lot of fanfare.
536
00:52:35,368 --> 00:52:40,886
In addition, all his conversations at various
events have been recorded. It is a true
treasure-trove of"wisdom."
537
00:52:41,248 --> 00:52:49,519
Hitler stated that only the Germans
represent a true nation of rulers called
upon to dominate the entire world.
538
00:52:49,968 --> 00:52:53,005
In his opinion, Slavs were the innate race of
slaves;
539
00:52:53,088 --> 00:52:59,323
it was necessary to eliminate the majority
of Russians and the remaining ones should
not be educated.
540
00:52:59,568 --> 00:53:03,641
Ukrainians should wear beads, like all
colonized nations;
541
00:53:03,888 --> 00:53:07,642
Arabs were"lacquered monkeys," Italians
were lazy
542
00:53:07,728 --> 00:53:11,164
and there was only one decent person
among Romanians - Antonescu, for that
matter.
543
00:53:11,248 --> 00:53:13,921
Switzerland was a "pimple on the face of
Europe,"
544
00:53:14,008 --> 00:53:19,560
and if the Swiss-germans had not shown
such strength of spirit, it should have been
eliminated as well.
545
00:53:19,888 --> 00:53:29,206
"In general," Hitler announced, "I alone have
the right to decide which nation will exist
and which nation must be exterminated."
546
00:53:29,648 --> 00:53:31,957
For instance, in this speech, Hitler said,
547
00:53:32,648 --> 00:53:38,166
"Some people claim: the Fuehrer is "a Gift
of God", but the party is something else."
548
00:53:38,248 --> 00:53:42,924
"No, my friends,"he continued, "I am the
party."
549
00:53:43,008 --> 00:53:48,287
The announcement provoked an
overwhelming response and he had to wait
for the loud applause to subside.
550
00:53:51,448 --> 00:53:56,078
"And as long as I am part of the Party,"
Hitler continued,
551
00:53:56,168 --> 00:53:59,524
"the Party is part of me."
552
00:53:59,928 --> 00:54:04,956
Just think about it - the Nazi party is part
of Adolf Hitler himself.
553
00:54:05,208 --> 00:54:08,598
It is a pity he was not specific about what
part he was talking about.
554
00:54:08,968 --> 00:54:11,243
He concluded his speech in the following
manner,
555
00:54:11,328 --> 00:54:16,322
"And if I ever die, my spirit will live
forever!"
556
00:54:20,408 --> 00:54:21,966
"Sieg Heil!"
557
00:54:27,808 --> 00:54:31,039
Many great historical figures had a habit of
keeping their arms crossed.
558
00:54:31,808 --> 00:54:35,084
Yet Hitler finally discovered another place
to keep them
559
00:54:35,168 --> 00:54:39,081
- to put it delicately - below his waist.
560
00:54:39,608 --> 00:54:42,406
He stubbornly kept them in this position.
561
00:54:43,128 --> 00:54:46,325
If his right hand was occupied, he would
put his left arm there.
562
00:54:53,408 --> 00:54:55,080
People started to imitate his gesture.
563
00:54:57,048 --> 00:54:59,323
The number of imitators was growing.
564
00:55:03,048 --> 00:55:07,200
The first to follow Hitler's example was
chief of the Gestapo Himmler.
565
00:55:07,648 --> 00:55:10,446
Hitler used to call him "my loyal Heinrich."
566
00:55:11,888 --> 00:55:14,766
It was more difficult for Goering because of
his beer-belly.
567
00:55:15,768 --> 00:55:18,487
But Roehm and Hess also followed this
example.
568
00:55:18,568 --> 00:55:21,526
Hess is on the right, Roehm is on the left.
569
00:55:21,848 --> 00:55:27,127
Roehm was the commander of storm
troopers and one of Hitler's closest
supporters.
570
00:55:27,528 --> 00:55:31,237
However, during one parade of storm
troopers, he made a grave mistake.
571
00:55:31,888 --> 00:55:38,964
Hitler invited him to join him in the car, just
to be polite, but Roehm took it seriously
and jumped in the car.
572
00:55:39,688 --> 00:55:42,725
Apparently, he did not read Mein Kampf
thoroughly.
573
00:55:42,808 --> 00:55:48,246
In the book, Hitler clearly stated that the
party must have a single leader, not two.
574
00:55:48,768 --> 00:55:54,559
Besides, Roehm certainly did not hold any
great popularity among the military brass
who feared the storm troopers.
575
00:55:54,648 --> 00:56:02,202
In short, they had to shoot him, and Hitler's
personal photographer had to spoil several
photos.
576
00:56:04,248 --> 00:56:05,647
Well, enough about Hitler.
577
00:56:05,728 --> 00:56:10,756
Why do we keep talking about him? We
should say a few words about Mussolini,
instead. Here he is.
578
00:56:10,848 --> 00:56:16,002
After all, he was Hitler's predecessor and
the word "fascism" has Italian origins.
579
00:56:16,848 --> 00:56:22,559
Mussolini had invented this gesture, and
Hitler simply mimicked it.
580
00:56:24,088 --> 00:56:26,761
Mussolini was the first to swing a pickaxe
while digging ground,
581
00:56:26,848 --> 00:56:29,362
and Hitler just followed suit with a shovel.
582
00:56:29,448 --> 00:56:34,124
And, of course, Mussolini sometimes could
handle a threshing machine, and Hitler
simply would never dare to attempt such a
feat.
583
00:56:35,568 --> 00:56:39,402
As for self-promotion (you can see DUCE
written everywhere.
584
00:56:39,488 --> 00:56:41,922
Il Duce in Italian means the Leader, the
Fuehrer)
585
00:56:42,128 --> 00:56:47,760
...So, as to self-promotion. Mussolini
surpassed even Hitler himself.
586
00:56:47,848 --> 00:56:50,408
You could not find such a giant wall in the
Third Reich.
587
00:56:53,768 --> 00:56:58,046
Mussolini's torch marches, in contrast,
were poorly organized, though.
588
00:56:59,008 --> 00:57:02,000
It seems as if they are going to set the
whole of Rome on fire.
589
00:57:03,168 --> 00:57:08,561
Hitler once commented that Mussolini was
undoubtedly a descendant of Caesar.
590
00:57:09,368 --> 00:57:10,767
Maybe so.
591
00:57:11,528 --> 00:57:17,160
Look there, in the background. His portrait
will to appear over the crowd in a second.
Pretty amusing, isn't it?
592
00:57:21,248 --> 00:57:23,762
And here is the Duce delivering a speech.
593
00:57:24,808 --> 00:57:28,517
His gestures, his facial expressions are
rather peculiar.
594
00:57:31,728 --> 00:57:42,605
Just look at him. What is curious, though, is
the fact that the right side of the picture is
blackened out.
595
00:57:42,688 --> 00:57:46,317
Apparently, there is someone there who
irritates Mussolini,
596
00:57:46,408 --> 00:57:54,201
and the Nazi filmmakers decided to cover
that part of the picture.
597
00:57:55,448 --> 00:57:58,360
It is probably Victor Immanuel, the Italian
king.
598
00:57:59,208 --> 00:58:04,521
Mussolini despised him for being short,
and in general disliked and envied.
599
00:58:10,048 --> 00:58:11,276
Look.
600
00:58:13,928 --> 00:58:17,045
The content of the speech is irrelevant.
601
00:58:17,128 --> 00:58:20,325
You must see his face rather than listen to
what he is saying.
602
00:58:20,928 --> 00:58:23,203
Look at the Duce.
603
00:58:24,328 --> 00:58:26,319
His facial expressions are rather funny.
604
00:58:31,928 --> 00:58:33,646
Great stuff!
605
00:58:38,488 --> 00:58:40,319
He is great, isn't he?
606
00:58:41,168 --> 00:58:42,487
There!
607
00:58:45,448 --> 00:58:49,760
And here he definitely shows some
similarities with Hitler.
608
00:58:58,808 --> 00:59:01,038
All right, we are done with Mussolini.
609
00:59:01,128 --> 00:59:04,359
We are going to show you some of his
sculptures, instead.
610
00:59:04,888 --> 00:59:09,006
Besides, we move to the topic of Nazi art.
611
00:59:14,768 --> 00:59:21,367
Chapter Nine. Nazi Art.
"Once in a while we should wag a finger at
our actors and artists"Adolf Hitler.
612
00:59:25,728 --> 00:59:29,243
You might think it is another parade. You
are wrong.
613
00:59:30,448 --> 00:59:36,000
It is Hitler attending an exhibition of
sculpture and fine art.
614
01:00:02,088 --> 01:00:05,797
Incidentally, Hitler chose the artwork for
the exhibition himself.
615
01:00:16,768 --> 01:00:19,441
Look closely at the face of this soldier.
616
01:00:21,688 --> 01:00:23,246
Here is Hitler again.
617
01:00:24,688 --> 01:00:26,440
And again.
618
01:00:31,688 --> 01:00:33,440
And again.
619
01:00:36,608 --> 01:00:39,281
At least some space left for Goering.
620
01:00:44,728 --> 01:00:48,687
"What can I do?"the statue seems to
complain.
621
01:00:51,648 --> 01:00:55,721
And here is what was not shown at the
exhibition, and actually could not be
shown.
622
01:00:56,448 --> 01:01:01,568
This is the art studio of Joseph Torak, the
leading sculptor of the Third Reich.
623
01:01:02,128 --> 01:01:09,318
Hitler once said, "When we walk
representatives of conquered peoples
through Berlin,
624
01:01:09,408 --> 01:01:14,846
they must be both impressed and
dispirited by the grandeur of our
monuments."
625
01:01:17,648 --> 01:01:20,401
True, there is certainly a lot of material
here.
626
01:01:26,608 --> 01:01:30,078
Huge bundles of muscle and the total
absence of thought.
627
01:01:30,648 --> 01:01:33,287
Only horses represent the animal world.
628
01:01:34,568 --> 01:01:39,084
And here is a special case - a monument to
a warrior-conqueror.
629
01:01:39,808 --> 01:01:47,158
Such monuments, 30-meters high, were
supposed to be installed along the borders
of the New Reich -
630
01:01:47,248 --> 01:01:53,642
in the Urals, at the White Sea, at the Black
Sea, and in the Caucasus.
631
01:01:56,568 --> 01:02:02,677
The statue of a slave - that was our destiny
- has been carved, as well.
632
01:02:05,288 --> 01:02:11,284
And here is the sculptured head of a
conqueror. Do not expect mercy from
someone like that.
633
01:02:17,088 --> 01:02:19,841
Let us move to literature, though.
634
01:02:20,608 --> 01:02:23,486
Goethe and Schiller between two
swastikas.
635
01:02:24,128 --> 01:02:28,201
A book fair was held in this house in
Weimar.
636
01:02:29,368 --> 01:02:35,716
Goebbels was among the visitors. Of
course, his books were assigned a special
place.
637
01:02:36,488 --> 01:02:39,161
A lot of work went into it.
638
01:02:43,288 --> 01:02:45,199
The author is pleased.
639
01:02:46,288 --> 01:02:50,998
As to the contents of other sections of the
book fair, you can judge by these stands.
640
01:02:51,608 --> 01:02:54,600
Hitler is here. Hitler is there.
641
01:02:55,128 --> 01:02:59,883
Hitler is in Italy. Hitler is at his birthplace.
Just like that.
642
01:03:01,648 --> 01:03:08,121
And here are the writers.They are led by a
moderate protection detail to breakfast.
643
01:03:08,328 --> 01:03:10,523
The food is pretty good.
644
01:03:10,888 --> 01:03:16,440
As to writers themselves, well, do not ask
for more - what's left, is left.
645
01:03:17,968 --> 01:03:23,565
Later, they listen to Goebbels' instructions
- what to write and how to write.
646
01:03:24,248 --> 01:03:29,197
They take note. They discuss their creative
plans.
647
01:03:29,888 --> 01:03:32,482
And this is the world of performing arts,
theater and cinema.
648
01:03:34,328 --> 01:03:40,244
After all, common people need to relax
once in a while, enjoy the"beautiful life."
649
01:03:52,768 --> 01:03:55,441
Nice, very nice.
650
01:04:00,768 --> 01:04:07,401
The difference between these girls and,
let's say, American girls, or French and
British girls
651
01:04:07,488 --> 01:04:09,956
is the size of their thighs.
652
01:04:10,648 --> 01:04:14,800
The girls of the Third Reich had to have
robust thighs.
653
01:04:20,528 --> 01:04:25,921
And here is Marika Roekk - the superstar of
German cinema.
654
01:04:27,928 --> 01:04:29,600
A little bit of sex.
655
01:04:31,328 --> 01:04:35,241
After all, the life of common citizens of the
Third Reich was not easy;
656
01:04:35,328 --> 01:04:38,638
they had to work hard and put in long
hours;
657
01:04:38,728 --> 01:04:41,800
there was shortage of food supplies.
658
01:04:42,368 --> 01:04:49,683
Goering insisted that butter was fattening
and had to be replaced by something else
in daily rations.
659
01:04:50,448 --> 01:04:53,042
Here is a decent replacement for you.
660
01:04:55,408 --> 01:04:59,765
And people loved it! They still love it.
661
01:05:00,728 --> 01:05:03,640
I am afraid people will always love it.
662
01:05:09,048 --> 01:05:10,925
A comic duet.
663
01:05:12,168 --> 01:05:14,045
The size of the thighs is the same,
standard.
664
01:05:31,968 --> 01:05:35,199
This standard is different, though.
665
01:05:35,408 --> 01:05:41,085
This is a vamp, and a vamp must be skinny
by definition.
666
01:05:43,488 --> 01:05:50,485
You fantasize about her, and go back to
your official wife and boring job.
667
01:06:05,808 --> 01:06:13,522
Yet this performance was considered the
most important type of art in the Third
Reich.
668
01:06:15,088 --> 01:06:19,718
A parade - that was the true form of art.
669
01:06:33,488 --> 01:06:40,838
It is here where imagination could really let
fly and creative inspiration brought
excellent results.
670
01:06:41,448 --> 01:06:44,520
It became immensely popular among
masses.
671
01:06:46,808 --> 01:06:48,878
Here is a first-class solo performer!
672
01:07:10,168 --> 01:07:15,720
Just look at the inspired performance of
this virtuoso.
673
01:07:16,648 --> 01:07:20,800
Guess, who this man is. It is von
Richthofen, the commander of the Condor
Legion.
674
01:07:20,888 --> 01:07:25,757
It was he who bombed Guernika, Madrid,
and later - Stalingrad.
675
01:07:37,328 --> 01:07:39,842
Bravo! Encore!
676
01:07:54,568 --> 01:07:57,526
End of Part I
677
01:08:01,126 --> 01:08:06,883
Part Two
678
01:08:08,126 --> 01:08:12,961
Chapter Ten."We belong to you..."
679
01:08:15,126 --> 01:08:22,362
Let's take a short break from this bloody
show and have a look at the children of the
Third Reich.
680
01:08:23,486 --> 01:08:27,001
Nice little kids.
681
01:08:28,166 --> 01:08:30,555
They play. They listen to an old
street-organ.
682
01:08:31,486 --> 01:08:35,718
It doesn't matter if the street-organ plays
the official Nazi hymn - the Horst Wessel
683
01:08:36,286 --> 01:08:38,846
- after all, children cannot recognize it for
what it is.
684
01:08:42,566 --> 01:08:43,840
The sun.
685
01:08:46,486 --> 01:08:48,317
A woman.
686
01:08:50,206 --> 01:08:51,764
Dad and Mom.
687
01:08:53,646 --> 01:09:01,121
A trumpet and drums. Boys always liked to
draw soldiers: a bayonet, a rifle, a knife, a
tank, a swastika.
688
01:09:03,766 --> 01:09:07,554
This is a school. The first exercise in
handwriting -"Heil Hitler".
689
01:09:07,646 --> 01:09:09,796
Apparently, the education must start with
this phrase.
690
01:09:11,766 --> 01:09:17,443
Another line -"Storm troopers are
marching. We salute the standard."
691
01:09:20,086 --> 01:09:23,556
And here is a notable verse dedicated to
the Fuehrer's birthday,
692
01:09:24,166 --> 01:09:27,681
"You are where German hearts beat more
ardently,
693
01:09:27,766 --> 01:09:32,635
where German hands work harder, where
German children laugh with happiness.
694
01:09:32,726 --> 01:09:36,355
We give you our hearts, oh Fuehrer!
695
01:09:36,446 --> 01:09:38,357
You are the savior of Germany.
696
01:09:38,446 --> 01:09:42,405
You are the hope.You are the loyalty.You
are the love.You are the faith.
697
01:09:43,166 --> 01:09:48,160
I love you with all my heart and I want to
belong to you.
698
01:09:48,246 --> 01:09:55,197
I want to serve you every day and every
hour as a loyal warrior and a brave soldier.
699
01:09:55,286 --> 01:10:00,041
A footnote - "Not to read, but to learn by
heart."
700
01:10:01,086 --> 01:10:03,919
It is time now to learn how to stand at
attention,
701
01:10:04,006 --> 01:10:06,474
how to eye him with admiration,
702
01:10:07,326 --> 01:10:09,521
how to take in his every word...
703
01:10:09,566 --> 01:10:13,195
...because he is going to address the
German youth in a moment.
704
01:10:13,846 --> 01:10:16,280
What does he want from the German youth
after all?
705
01:10:17,206 --> 01:10:21,757
The German youth must be strong and
agile;
706
01:10:21,846 --> 01:10:29,116
resilient as leather, fast as a hound and
sturdy as Krupp's steel.
707
01:10:29,206 --> 01:10:34,200
That's all for now. And children are
delighted.
708
01:10:35,126 --> 01:10:39,597
The phrase"We belong to you" is laid out
with children's bodies.
709
01:10:40,806 --> 01:10:45,322
They do not realize yet that it is shameful
and wrong to belong to somebody;
710
01:10:45,686 --> 01:10:47,358
even it is the Fuehrer himself.
711
01:10:48,366 --> 01:10:50,402
They look at him with admiration now;
712
01:10:51,486 --> 01:10:58,562
and for many years they will hear every day
and every hour that he is infallible,
713
01:10:59,126 --> 01:11:00,798
that he is always right,
714
01:11:01,206 --> 01:11:06,758
that he is great, he is the savior, the faith,
the hope, the love, and he is very wise.
715
01:11:07,526 --> 01:11:08,754
Hitler used to say,
716
01:11:09,726 --> 01:11:15,198
"A German boy must learn to endure beating
and get used to violence beginning in
childhood."
717
01:11:16,046 --> 01:11:20,085
That's how they are getting used to
violence. Just look at the faces chosen by
the cameraman.
718
01:11:21,806 --> 01:11:23,319
That's how they learn to endure the
beating.
719
01:11:26,486 --> 01:11:28,397
Robert Ley once said,
720
01:11:29,006 --> 01:11:32,362
"At the age of four, we give a child a small
banner, and from then on,
721
01:11:32,446 --> 01:11:37,042
without realizing it, he becomes exposed to
continuous indoctrination,
722
01:11:37,126 --> 01:11:41,005
which lasts till his death."
723
01:11:46,326 --> 01:11:48,635
They must turn into dough,
724
01:11:48,726 --> 01:11:51,479
ready to take any shape.
725
01:11:55,766 --> 01:11:57,085
They must turn into roe.
726
01:12:04,526 --> 01:12:11,045
A crucial moment has come - they are
about to take an oath of loyalty to Adolf
Hitler.
727
01:12:12,126 --> 01:12:13,844
Let us listen to it.
728
01:12:46,006 --> 01:12:50,363
Yesterday, they were still boys; they were
still schoolchildren.
729
01:12:51,086 --> 01:12:54,203
They have learned by heart all the required
axioms.
730
01:12:54,286 --> 01:12:56,641
They know that Hitler is infallible.
731
01:12:56,726 --> 01:13:00,116
They are ready to die with his name in their
last breath;
732
01:13:00,206 --> 01:13:05,519
they are ready to kill and pillage on his
behalf.
733
01:13:07,006 --> 01:13:09,236
Soldiers were not the only ones to take an
oath, though.
734
01:13:09,326 --> 01:13:16,277
Nurses, office workers, functionaries,
postal and railroad workers - they were all
taking an oath.
735
01:13:16,766 --> 01:13:20,554
Throughout Germany people took an oath
of loyalty to Adolf Hitler
736
01:13:21,006 --> 01:13:24,885
because the entire country had to be
bound by mutual responsibility.
737
01:13:25,806 --> 01:13:29,196
Of course, members of the Nazi party also
took an oath.
738
01:13:29,806 --> 01:13:32,081
It was the shortest of all.
739
01:13:32,886 --> 01:13:35,764
Here is its text, word for word,
740
01:13:35,846 --> 01:13:39,202
"I swear my loyalty to Adolf Hitler,
741
01:13:40,046 --> 01:13:45,837
to him personally and to all superiors he is
going to appoint over me.
742
01:13:46,726 --> 01:13:50,924
I swear to obey implicitly all their orders."
743
01:13:51,006 --> 01:13:52,200
That's it.
744
01:13:52,286 --> 01:13:56,484
There is no mention of Germany, of the
Motherland or the people whatsoever.
745
01:13:57,006 --> 01:14:04,321
You have sworn to obey blindly any orders
of your superiors and now you can put
your hat back on.
746
01:14:06,046 --> 01:14:10,517
In essence, these people swear to become
inhuman.
747
01:14:11,086 --> 01:14:15,682
They willingly abandon the right and the
duty of any human being
748
01:14:15,766 --> 01:14:19,315
- the right and the duty to think, to
rationalize.
749
01:14:26,606 --> 01:14:32,203
Chapter Eleven.There was a different
Germany, though.
750
01:14:35,366 --> 01:14:37,800
Yes, there certainly was a different
Germany.
751
01:14:39,766 --> 01:14:43,315
These people still remember the collapse
of the Kaiser Empire,
752
01:14:43,406 --> 01:14:45,920
the 1 918 German revolution,
753
01:14:46,006 --> 01:14:49,635
a year after the October Revolution in
Russia.
754
01:14:51,046 --> 01:14:55,358
They remember the trucks filled with
armed workers and soldiers,
755
01:14:56,166 --> 01:15:00,842
the throngs of people on the streets, the
rallies.
756
01:15:02,886 --> 01:15:04,524
Karl Liebknecht' speech.
757
01:15:05,646 --> 01:15:07,876
It is so similar to the Russian revolution.
758
01:15:09,606 --> 01:15:12,040
These people so much resemble the
Russian people.
759
01:15:14,726 --> 01:15:17,638
Even the air is filled with a familiar smell -
the smell of freedom.
760
01:15:22,686 --> 01:15:25,200
Yet they remember the outcome of the
revolution.
761
01:15:25,806 --> 01:15:28,445
The murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa
Luxemburg.
762
01:15:29,046 --> 01:15:30,843
The bloody massacres.
763
01:15:33,926 --> 01:15:34,995
They worked.
764
01:15:36,206 --> 01:15:38,003
They had always been working.
765
01:15:41,166 --> 01:15:47,082
The German worker - a great master and a
diligent laborer.
766
01:15:54,366 --> 01:15:56,004
Here they are, in front of our eyes.
767
01:15:57,726 --> 01:16:02,880
They still recall mass demonstrations by
the proletariat during the 1 920s.
768
01:16:03,766 --> 01:16:05,677
They were much younger at the time.
769
01:16:06,486 --> 01:16:09,637
They believed in the socialist future of
Germany.
770
01:16:10,606 --> 01:16:12,836
They took upon the streets
771
01:16:14,566 --> 01:16:20,675
and some of them probably carried similar
posters announcing, "Fascism is hunger
and war,"
772
01:16:21,326 --> 01:16:22,918
and saw Ernst Thaelmann.
773
01:16:53,726 --> 01:16:58,038
Yet local residents still remember the
bloody end of such demonstrations.
774
01:16:58,126 --> 01:17:03,484
The wounded and, occasionally, killed were
brought here.
775
01:17:08,446 --> 01:17:11,597
German proletariat was divided.
776
01:17:13,406 --> 01:17:15,761
It was easy to defeat it that way.
777
01:17:18,006 --> 01:17:20,156
And it was defeated.
778
01:17:26,486 --> 01:17:28,681
And Hitler came out a winner.
779
01:17:39,526 --> 01:17:43,235
No, I do not want to say that the German
nation was blind.
780
01:17:44,726 --> 01:17:46,717
It was deceived.
781
01:17:50,086 --> 01:17:54,477
If you have to live under Hitler, you have to
work hard.
782
01:17:58,166 --> 01:18:00,885
They would do any kind of work, just to
make ends meet.
783
01:18:13,166 --> 01:18:15,282
These are ordinary workers.
784
01:18:16,766 --> 01:18:22,045
Probably, some of them still remember the
last Rot Front demonstration.
785
01:18:22,566 --> 01:18:25,034
The Rot Front organization had already
been banned,
786
01:18:25,126 --> 01:18:28,163
and it was extremely dangerous to come
out on the streets.
787
01:18:41,086 --> 01:18:44,476
How many of these people have lived to
the present?
788
01:18:45,206 --> 01:18:49,882
They have simply vanished, vanished
behind barbed wire.
789
01:19:10,206 --> 01:19:13,323
Still, a different Germany did exist.
790
01:19:31,246 --> 01:19:35,239
Chapter Twelve."The masses should be
treated like a woman."Adolf Hitler
791
01:19:35,406 --> 01:19:38,398
One of the Nazi precepts started with a
phrase,
792
01:19:39,086 --> 01:19:40,405
"You are nothing."
793
01:19:41,326 --> 01:19:45,001
We wanted to find at least some footage of
ordinary people.
794
01:19:45,406 --> 01:19:48,921
We were simply curious about day-to-day
life of German citizens at the time.
795
01:19:49,526 --> 01:19:52,086
Obviously, they did something else other
than shouting "Sieg! Heil!"
796
01:19:53,126 --> 01:19:56,243
Yet among 2 million meters of Nazi
documentary materials,
797
01:19:56,326 --> 01:20:00,524
we managed to find only these rare scenes.
798
01:20:00,606 --> 01:20:04,281
Really, why bother filming ordinary people
if they are nothing.
799
01:20:05,246 --> 01:20:07,282
True, the phrase continued,
800
01:20:07,366 --> 01:20:10,244
"You are nothing. Your people are
everything!"
801
01:20:10,326 --> 01:20:13,238
However, how can one believe that the
people are everything
802
01:20:13,326 --> 01:20:16,602
if an individual representative of the
people is nothing.
803
01:20:17,726 --> 01:20:19,318
And then, the clock strikes.
804
01:20:20,966 --> 01:20:24,163
SS soldiers clad in black rush out onto the
streets.
805
01:20:25,246 --> 01:20:26,838
Something is happening.
806
01:20:28,806 --> 01:20:32,082
Nurses burst out of the building, rushing to
meet him.
807
01:20:32,126 --> 01:20:34,242
Why so many nurses?
808
01:20:34,966 --> 01:20:37,878
Well, it's quite simple - the mass hysteria of
excitement is coming up.
809
01:20:37,966 --> 01:20:41,925
The cameras are rolling - the Fuehrer
arrived.
810
01:20:42,286 --> 01:20:43,924
Now is the time for filming.
811
01:20:44,326 --> 01:20:48,239
So, you are nothing, but your people are
everything.
812
01:20:48,806 --> 01:20:51,764
Hitler liked to call people the masses.
813
01:20:52,326 --> 01:20:56,399
The masses should be treated like a
woman.
814
01:20:56,486 --> 01:21:02,038
And a woman, Hitler used to say, eagerly
succumbs to power.
815
01:21:02,126 --> 01:21:05,038
It is worthless to count on the intellect of
the masses.
816
01:21:05,126 --> 01:21:08,675
It is necessary to appeal to their most basic
instincts.
817
01:21:08,766 --> 01:21:12,839
That's what appeals to their instincts.
818
01:21:12,926 --> 01:21:15,565
A planned incident
819
01:21:15,646 --> 01:21:19,241
- somebody from the crowd brings over
two babies with flowers.
820
01:21:21,126 --> 01:21:22,400
Very touching indeed.
821
01:21:23,126 --> 01:21:26,118
That was a great play on feelings.Time to
move on.
822
01:21:28,046 --> 01:21:31,925
Oops! An unplanned incident. Somebody
brings over the flowers on his own
initiative.
823
01:21:32,006 --> 01:21:33,519
Perfect! Let's go!
824
01:21:34,726 --> 01:21:39,038
Another unplanned incident - a petitioner.
That's all right. A smile.
825
01:21:39,126 --> 01:21:42,721
A bodily search (just in case).
826
01:21:42,806 --> 01:21:47,800
You can go now. Let's continue exercising
influence over the most primitive feelings
of the masses.
827
01:21:49,086 --> 01:21:53,364
"The masses are mentally lazy and
conceited," Hitler had stated and even
written,
828
01:21:53,446 --> 01:21:58,122
"they do not like to read or think.
829
01:21:58,206 --> 01:22:04,600
They must face one enemy and know one
God."
830
01:22:05,366 --> 01:22:06,958
Here is their God.
831
01:22:09,046 --> 01:22:11,560
And then they will follow you
832
01:22:11,646 --> 01:22:14,035
because an individual is nothing,
833
01:22:14,126 --> 01:22:18,517
and together they form the masses, and
masses must be treated as a woman,
834
01:22:18,606 --> 01:22:21,643
and a woman willingly succumbs to power.
835
01:22:21,726 --> 01:22:27,403
"Besides," Hitler said, "the masses need to
be kept in trepidation."
836
01:22:28,566 --> 01:22:31,126
A note to the future candidates for
fuehrers
837
01:22:31,486 --> 01:22:36,924
- with all propaganda means available
today,
838
01:22:37,006 --> 01:22:39,964
it is an affordable and practical way to be
raised to the Heavens while still alive.
839
01:22:52,126 --> 01:23:04,641
Chapter Thirteen."The Fuehrer issued an
order - we carry it out."
"For the sake of the German people, we must
seek wars every fifteen-twenty years."AdoIf
HitIer
840
01:23:05,926 --> 01:23:15,881
The moment had come when Nazism set
about accomplishing its most important
and, possibly, the ultimate task.
841
01:23:17,166 --> 01:23:18,758
It all started in Spain.
842
01:23:25,446 --> 01:23:28,483
"Fuehrer commands, we follow"
843
01:23:41,326 --> 01:23:43,044
This is Poland.
844
01:23:44,886 --> 01:23:48,959
"Fuehrer commands, we follow,"
845
01:23:50,086 --> 01:23:54,921
because we have taken an oath and we are
not allowed to think.
846
01:24:02,806 --> 01:24:04,364
Warsaw is burning.
847
01:24:20,646 --> 01:24:25,083
In the 1 9th century, the great Rodin
created this famous statue - The Thinker.
848
01:24:27,486 --> 01:24:32,640
And ten thousand years ago, an unknown
sculptor carved this thinker...
849
01:24:32,726 --> 01:24:37,675
...that looks as if he were contemplating
the future trying to foresee the things to
come.
850
01:24:39,686 --> 01:24:43,725
This rock painting is about 20 thousand
years old.
851
01:24:44,846 --> 01:24:50,318
Man still dwelled in caves, wore animal
skins,
852
01:24:50,406 --> 01:24:58,199
worked with a stone axe, but he was
already a great artist and a creator.
853
01:25:00,806 --> 01:25:07,245
He appreciated the beauty of lines, the
perfection of form and the expressiveness
of movements.
854
01:25:08,966 --> 01:25:13,801
The paintings on the walls of this cave did
not fade away in 20 thousand years,
855
01:25:13,886 --> 01:25:18,038
although the animals that inhabited Earth
at that time had vanished.
856
01:25:23,926 --> 01:25:27,316
Stone Age man was even familiar with
abstract art.
857
01:25:31,046 --> 01:25:33,799
Let us return to the 20th century.
858
01:25:34,646 --> 01:25:38,639
Is this really an image of modern times?
859
01:25:42,126 --> 01:25:46,085
Is this going to remain as a monument to
our epoch?
860
01:25:47,486 --> 01:25:53,595
To a pilot looking down from the altitude
of his flight, though, these skeletons of the
buildings appear quiet, peaceful and even
beautiful,
861
01:25:54,486 --> 01:26:00,083
and people down below look like ants or
cockroaches; therefore, it does not take too
much courage to rake them with
machine-gun fire.
862
01:26:08,366 --> 01:26:15,681
Yesterday, these people still lived peaceful
lives in their countries, worked, fell in love,
and had dreams.
863
01:26:15,766 --> 01:26:18,234
Now, they are behind barbed wire.
864
01:26:18,686 --> 01:26:21,758
They do not understand where they are
being taken
865
01:26:21,846 --> 01:26:29,685
and what awaits them in the future.
866
01:26:31,246 --> 01:26:34,477
Meanwhile, the war was portrayed as a
joyride.
867
01:26:34,566 --> 01:26:37,638
These merry guys marched across Europe.
868
01:26:37,726 --> 01:26:44,074
They walked, grinning, along the roads of
Belgium, Holland and Denmark.
869
01:26:45,326 --> 01:26:48,159
They stomped on the cobblestone
pavements of Paris boulevards,
870
01:26:50,686 --> 01:26:52,597
marched across the Balkans
871
01:26:54,286 --> 01:26:57,437
and ascended the steps of the ancient
Acropolis like tourists.
872
01:27:00,206 --> 01:27:04,279
The morning of June 22, 1 941 .
873
01:27:05,686 --> 01:27:11,716
On this quiet morning, the Berliners heard
the news of the attack on the Soviet Union.
874
01:27:13,806 --> 01:27:18,322
That morning did not seem to be different
from any other morning;
875
01:27:18,406 --> 01:27:21,079
everything looked ordinary and peaceful.
876
01:27:22,126 --> 01:27:27,723
Nobody could imagine that during those
morning hours the fate of the Third Reich
had been sealed.
877
01:27:28,806 --> 01:27:34,119
And certainly nobody knew that the war
had started several hours ago,
878
01:27:35,726 --> 01:27:43,314
without an official declaration, and that for
several hours the bombs had been raining
on the Soviet soil.
879
01:27:59,446 --> 01:28:02,836
These are Muscovites, our contemporaries.
880
01:28:03,806 --> 01:28:05,956
They sit and think their own thoughts.
881
01:28:06,726 --> 01:28:12,801
They did the same on that day in June
882
01:28:13,846 --> 01:28:20,797
Everything seemed quite ordinary; it felt
good and peaceful.
883
01:28:22,286 --> 01:28:28,998
Instead, that morning left a scar, an open
wound in the lives of each of us.
884
01:28:30,206 --> 01:28:35,155
Some people lost their sons, brothers,
fathers or mothers;
885
01:28:35,246 --> 01:28:41,845
others lost entire families or their houses
were destroyed.Their lives were broken.
886
01:28:43,046 --> 01:28:47,324
Yet for now, they are caught in the present
moment;
887
01:28:47,406 --> 01:28:52,526
they are concerned only about the
immediate reality.
888
01:28:54,486 --> 01:29:02,757
They think, they fall in love, they talk, they
live,
889
01:29:03,566 --> 01:29:05,921
and that is what really matters.
890
01:29:07,606 --> 01:29:09,324
Who are these two?
891
01:29:11,126 --> 01:29:12,241
Or those?
892
01:29:12,326 --> 01:29:19,562
Students, future scientists, chemists, or
rocket-builders?
893
01:29:19,646 --> 01:29:21,523
What are they discussing?
894
01:29:23,886 --> 01:29:26,161
What are these two thinking about?
895
01:29:26,846 --> 01:29:30,236
Why is he so frustrated?
896
01:29:33,566 --> 01:29:34,919
Or this girl.
897
01:29:35,006 --> 01:29:38,157
Is she explaining a complex scientific
problem...
898
01:29:38,246 --> 01:29:41,921
...or giving directions to a country house in
the outskirts of the city?
899
01:29:44,246 --> 01:29:45,599
Or these two.
900
01:29:45,686 --> 01:29:50,680
Maybe they are researchers at an institute
and they are discussing an important issue;
901
01:29:50,766 --> 01:29:53,360
but the little girl simply feels like dancing.
902
01:29:54,206 --> 01:29:58,165
Or maybe these two are ordinary
housewives and they are gossiping about
their nasty neighbor;
903
01:29:58,966 --> 01:30:04,120
but the little girl simply feels like dancing
and she can't wait until the lady who is
talking to her Mom leaves.
904
01:30:04,206 --> 01:30:08,996
Yet her mother is so indulged in the
conversation that she doesn't even notice
that the girl walked away.
905
01:30:09,086 --> 01:30:10,804
Or those three.
906
01:30:11,646 --> 01:30:15,321
Whatever is transpiring between them at
this moment is very important;
907
01:30:15,406 --> 01:30:19,922
they would want so much to have beautiful
lives and keep their friendship forever.
908
01:30:21,046 --> 01:30:25,039
And I wish they had beautiful lives and
remained friends forever.
909
01:30:25,126 --> 01:30:31,235
I wish they did not have to face the
nightmare that befell on us in June 1941,
910
01:30:31,326 --> 01:30:35,319
when the day turned into the night.
911
01:30:54,846 --> 01:30:58,725
Chapter Fourteen. Ordinary Fascism.
912
01:31:00,166 --> 01:31:02,964
A bunch of merry guys marched on Russian
soil.
913
01:31:07,806 --> 01:31:14,996
They seem nice and handsome, and
educated.
914
01:31:16,406 --> 01:31:17,680
They worked.
915
01:31:20,006 --> 01:31:21,359
And rested.
916
01:31:23,206 --> 01:31:24,878
And worked again.
917
01:31:34,206 --> 01:31:35,958
Their names are well known.
918
01:31:36,806 --> 01:31:40,401
Small stacks of photos were found in their
pockets.
919
01:31:42,206 --> 01:31:47,758
The photos captured images of these
soldiers, their wives, mothers, children
920
01:31:48,206 --> 01:31:49,400
...and... these scenes.
921
01:31:50,566 --> 01:31:56,721
They kept these photos together with
pictures of their children and their
mothers.
922
01:31:58,166 --> 01:32:06,676
To what extent a person must be
desensitized so that he can keep such
photos as pleasant memories.
923
01:32:09,006 --> 01:32:12,237
From the personal archives of the chief of
the Gestapo office in Libau (Latvia).
924
01:32:15,366 --> 01:32:17,322
A brother and a sister.
925
01:32:17,966 --> 01:32:19,957
The sister is already naked;
926
01:32:22,606 --> 01:32:25,916
the brother is still undressing. In a minute,
they will cease to exist.
927
01:32:29,686 --> 01:32:35,044
Look at this cheerful fellow and notice
what he is standing next to.
928
01:32:35,126 --> 01:32:37,515
He kept this photo as a little memento.
929
01:33:33,526 --> 01:33:35,198
The L'vov pogrom.
930
01:33:36,366 --> 01:33:39,483
These are photos attached to the official
report.
931
01:33:53,406 --> 01:33:57,365
Yet even in a moment like this, a human
being can remain a human being.
932
01:33:58,486 --> 01:34:00,636
She is a Saint of our century.
933
01:34:34,646 --> 01:34:38,719
They herded people like livestock, and
livestock like people.
934
01:34:41,086 --> 01:34:44,522
The first shipment of food from Ukraine to
Berlin.
935
01:34:46,406 --> 01:34:50,115
The Reich Minister for Food and
Agriculture personally arrived at the train
station to inspect the food supplies.
936
01:34:53,566 --> 01:34:58,037
They even filmed the interior of a food
store to show
937
01:34:58,886 --> 01:35:03,801
how good and comfortable life in the Third
Reich was.
938
01:35:05,286 --> 01:35:11,680
Kraft durch Freude society, which
conducted business in the sphere of
tourism, sports and recreation,
939
01:35:11,766 --> 01:35:16,556
became quite popular during those years.
940
01:35:16,646 --> 01:35:22,118
One of the tourist itineraries included a
tour of the Warsaw ghetto.
941
01:35:23,006 --> 01:35:25,964
This is a bridge leading to the ghetto.
942
01:35:27,246 --> 01:35:33,435
certain death of starvation.
943
01:35:36,206 --> 01:35:38,117
That's amateur footage.
944
01:35:38,206 --> 01:35:40,800
I don't know who filmed these scenes.
945
01:35:41,926 --> 01:35:51,597
And I certainly cannot fathom what kind of
strength or excitement one could draw
from a visit to that ghetto.
946
01:35:56,926 --> 01:36:09,077
Sometimes, older boys managed to escape
from the ghetto to procure some food for
their mothers and sisters.
947
01:36:10,486 --> 01:36:12,716
They often ended up like this.
948
01:36:24,926 --> 01:36:27,918
Yet even in the ghetto, children manifested
their creative inclinations.
949
01:36:28,006 --> 01:36:31,794
If they did not have pencils, they made
paper dolls.
950
01:36:31,886 --> 01:36:35,162
Sadly, these are not paper dolls from the
Warsaw ghetto
951
01:36:35,766 --> 01:36:40,396
- it was razed to the ground. Nothing was
left; even the dust vanished.
952
01:36:40,486 --> 01:36:43,239
These are drawings from another ghetto.
953
01:36:44,326 --> 01:36:47,636
Children drew pictures, remembered the
past
954
01:36:47,726 --> 01:36:53,517
and the past seemed to be very bright
because a child is normally born to be
happy.
955
01:36:55,406 --> 01:37:03,359
They also contemplated the present and
dreamed of leaving the ghetto.
956
01:37:03,966 --> 01:37:07,038
Eventually, they would leave... like this.
957
01:37:12,166 --> 01:37:19,004
Prominent writer and educator Janusz
Korczak volunteered to live in a ghetto and
refused to leave.
958
01:37:20,086 --> 01:37:22,998
He stayed with children until the end
959
01:37:23,086 --> 01:37:26,556
and was taken away on a train similar to
this one.
960
01:37:27,846 --> 01:37:34,240
Until his last breath, he was with the
children, telling them fairy tales.
961
01:37:34,966 --> 01:37:41,439
His body was found in a gas chamber
surrounded by the bodies of dead children
clinging to him.
962
01:37:44,926 --> 01:37:49,920
Four million people had passed through
these gates.
963
01:37:51,406 --> 01:37:53,601
Four million...
964
01:38:01,646 --> 01:38:03,364
The train has arrived.
965
01:38:04,246 --> 01:38:08,637
These pictures were taken by an SS soldier,
a zealous amateur photographer.
966
01:38:09,646 --> 01:38:14,003
He took the pictures despite a strict order
not to film on the territory of concentration
camps.
967
01:38:15,326 --> 01:38:17,886
What you see is the selection procedure.
968
01:38:19,166 --> 01:38:22,681
Those who were selected to live in the
camp for a while - to the right.
969
01:38:22,766 --> 01:38:26,395
Those who were picked for immediate
extermination - to the left.
970
01:38:26,486 --> 01:38:29,876
Those who were healthier and younger
than the rest - to the right.
971
01:38:29,966 --> 01:38:34,118
Old, weak and ailing people - to the left.
972
01:38:35,526 --> 01:38:39,155
Children shorter than 1 .2 meters - to the
left.
973
01:38:40,206 --> 01:38:47,317
Some kids knew somehow about this rule
and tried to walk on their tiptoes when
they had to pass under a measuring bar,
974
01:38:48,086 --> 01:38:52,762
only to be punished for cheating.
975
01:38:55,646 --> 01:38:58,399
Later, all were ordered to shed their
clothes...
976
01:39:02,286 --> 01:39:04,163
...and then...
977
01:39:04,766 --> 01:39:10,477
The entire world knows what happened
next - gas chambers and furnaces.
978
01:39:12,086 --> 01:39:14,805
Here is what was left from the train.
979
01:39:19,126 --> 01:39:24,996
Those who had been selected to live in
concentration camps were dressed in camp
uniforms
980
01:39:26,366 --> 01:39:30,837
and in three weeks, they looked like this.
981
01:39:32,606 --> 01:39:36,155
Each prisoner had to be photographed for
the record.
982
01:39:36,246 --> 01:39:38,521
Half face, en face.
983
01:39:39,566 --> 01:39:46,483
Thousands, dozens and hundreds of
thousands of these ID photos remained in
camp archives.
984
01:39:48,686 --> 01:39:58,004
We have chosen just a few of them so that
you could look into the eyes of those who
perished in Oswenzim.
985
01:40:00,686 --> 01:40:06,522
These people vanished a long time ago,
but their eyes on these pictures are very
much alive.
986
01:40:17,006 --> 01:40:19,679
Their eyes are still looking at us.
987
01:40:39,966 --> 01:40:47,361
Each prisoner working in a concentration
camp brought about 1,500 marks in
revenues for the Third Reich every year.
988
01:40:48,886 --> 01:40:55,564
The so-called "rational use of bodies and
personal items"contributed another 200
marks.
989
01:40:57,286 --> 01:41:05,637
Overall, each prisoner contributed on
average 1,631 marks every ear, with the
deduction of two marks spent on the
maintenance of gas chambers
990
01:41:05,726 --> 01:41:16,842
and furnaces and the inclusion of the cost
of hair, teeth, bones and ashes.
991
01:41:23,566 --> 01:41:25,522
This is the house of a commandant of a
concentration camp.
992
01:41:25,606 --> 01:41:27,119
That's his wife.
993
01:41:29,806 --> 01:41:31,285
That's his pastime.
994
01:41:32,806 --> 01:41:34,285
His friends.
995
01:41:35,766 --> 01:41:37,085
His work.
996
01:41:40,126 --> 01:41:49,797
A diary of a concentration camp doctor, the
bearer of doctorate degrees in medicine
and philosophy, professor extraordinaire
Josef Kramer.
997
01:41:49,886 --> 01:41:52,559
We will quote two short excerpts from his
diary.
998
01:41:52,646 --> 01:41:56,525
"Attended a special activity today.
999
01:41:56,606 --> 01:41:59,359
It was more awful than Dante's Inferno.
1000
01:41:59,446 --> 01:42:02,916
Had to order new trousers, boots and a coat
from Berlin."
1001
01:42:03,886 --> 01:42:06,116
"Had to attend a special activity again.
1002
01:42:06,206 --> 01:42:10,518
This time, emaciated women were selected
for extermination.
1003
01:42:10,606 --> 01:42:15,236
They knew what was going to happen and SS
soldiers had a hard time dealing with them.
1004
01:42:15,326 --> 01:42:21,401
The lunch menu is tomato soup,
half-chicken, unlimited beer and vanilla ice
cream.
1005
01:42:21,486 --> 01:42:25,638
At night - a pleasant dinner party at the
commandant's house."
1006
01:42:26,646 --> 01:42:32,721
Eight hundred thousand pairs of shoes
were found in Maidanek.The Nazis were
late in sending them to Germany.
1007
01:42:32,806 --> 01:42:38,563
A director of one of the IG Farbenindustrie
plants wrote,
1008
01:42:38,646 --> 01:42:44,596
"Request sending a new shipment of young
Polish women immediately, the previous one
has been depleted.
1009
01:42:44,686 --> 01:42:49,806
Pay special attention to health of selected
material."
1010
01:42:49,886 --> 01:42:52,002
A commandant of a concentration camp
wrote in response,
1011
01:42:52,086 --> 01:42:59,766
"The new shipment of young women is on
the way; could not select the best material-
the quality of goods is standard."
1012
01:42:59,846 --> 01:43:04,283
Maidanek, Auschwitz, Treblinka, though,
1013
01:43:04,326 --> 01:43:10,720
were simply working models and cadre
training centers for the future mass
extermination camps
1014
01:43:10,806 --> 01:43:14,116
Himmler planned to build on the other side
of the Urals.
1015
01:43:14,206 --> 01:43:23,399
The Nazis intended to quickly exterminate
other peoples.
1016
01:43:23,486 --> 01:43:32,394
The plans had been already drawn up;
projects of access routes designed; orders
for equipment placed.
1017
01:43:32,486 --> 01:43:37,799
Industrial firms of the Third Reich were
getting ready to accomplish a vast amount
of work.
1018
01:43:48,126 --> 01:43:50,117
They are crying.
1019
01:43:51,246 --> 01:43:53,760
They are crying from deep affection.
1020
01:43:53,846 --> 01:43:57,475
No, I do not want to claim that they are
thrilled about gas chambers.
1021
01:43:57,566 --> 01:44:00,558
Probably, they are not even aware of their
existence.
1022
01:44:00,646 --> 01:44:04,002
And if they were told about gas chambers,
they would not believe it.
1023
01:44:04,086 --> 01:44:07,362
Even if they saw them,
1024
01:44:07,446 --> 01:44:13,078
I think it would have been easy to convince
them that these chambers were necessary
for the sake of the Third Reich.
1025
01:44:15,046 --> 01:44:18,880
It is certainly a disease, an epidemic.
1026
01:44:19,606 --> 01:44:25,124
All right, all right, go ahead, reach out for
your idol and squeeze his finger.
1027
01:44:29,166 --> 01:44:33,717
Yet there was a different Germany.
1028
01:44:33,806 --> 01:44:37,321
Here is a boy punished by public ridicule.
1029
01:44:37,406 --> 01:44:43,845
The placard on his chest says, "I said no - I
am a traitor to people!"
1030
01:44:43,926 --> 01:44:48,317
That means there were young Germans
who dared to say"no"to Hitler.
1031
01:44:48,406 --> 01:44:55,357
There were people who were stubbornly
saying "no"to Nazism year after year.
1032
01:44:55,446 --> 01:44:58,165
One must have a lot of courage to face
death.
1033
01:44:58,246 --> 01:45:04,242
Although, probably, one must have the
same amount of courage to say"no,"when
everybody else says "yes;"
1034
01:45:04,326 --> 01:45:10,515
to remain a human being and a fighter,
when everybody else ceases to be a human
being;
1035
01:45:10,606 --> 01:45:13,723
to think, when thinking is strictly
forbidden.
1036
01:45:13,806 --> 01:45:16,764
Look at these wonderful faces.
1037
01:45:16,846 --> 01:45:22,842
There were few of these, but they were out
there, always.
1038
01:45:22,926 --> 01:45:26,760
These people are not only the pride of the
German nation,
1039
01:45:26,846 --> 01:45:33,763
they are its hope because such people are
the future of Germany.
1040
01:45:38,806 --> 01:45:42,799
Chapter Fifteen. The End of the Third Reich.
1041
01:45:43,686 --> 01:45:47,315
They trained hard for the winter campaign
every year.
1042
01:45:47,406 --> 01:45:50,079
All you have to do is to smack your knees...
like this;
1043
01:45:50,166 --> 01:45:52,634
then do a bit of self-spanking...like that;
1044
01:45:52,726 --> 01:45:55,399
and finish up by jumping up and down.
1045
01:45:55,486 --> 01:46:00,606
Perfect! Now, the frost is no threat to you.
1046
01:46:00,686 --> 01:46:04,998
In reality, though, everything turned out to
be a bit different.
1047
01:46:05,086 --> 01:46:10,399
A German soldier caught in the Stalingrad
"cauldron"wrote to his wife,
1048
01:46:10,486 --> 01:46:13,558
"I bear partial responsibility for what
happened, even though it is not significant.
1049
01:46:13,646 --> 01:46:21,564
I am only one out of 70 million Germans who
share this responsibility with me,
1050
01:46:21,646 --> 01:46:26,674
but I have to pay for it with my own life."
1051
01:46:27,686 --> 01:46:37,721
If only they always thought this way, and
not just in dire circumstances.
1052
01:46:37,806 --> 01:46:43,756
If only all people on Earth thought this
way, always.
1053
01:46:59,246 --> 01:47:01,760
Twenty million lives.
1054
01:47:03,206 --> 01:47:07,518
Twenty million lives is the price the Russian
people
1055
01:47:07,606 --> 01:47:11,918
had to pay to rid the world of fascism.
1056
01:47:16,126 --> 01:47:21,723
And now the war was rolling toward the
west like an unstoppable avalanche.
1057
01:47:31,326 --> 01:47:33,282
Twenty million.
1058
01:47:35,566 --> 01:47:39,605
They died believing that fascism would
finally cease to exist,
1059
01:47:39,686 --> 01:47:47,195
that it would vanish from the face of Earth,
from every country, forever.
1060
01:47:53,166 --> 01:48:04,964
On May 8, 1965, veterans of the Great
Patriotic War gathered on Red Square on
their own initiative;
1061
01:48:05,046 --> 01:48:08,277
they were looking for their
brother-soldiers.
1062
01:48:08,886 --> 01:48:11,081
Some of them did find their
brothers-in-arms.
1063
01:48:11,166 --> 01:48:17,116
This veteran from the 21 st Guards
regiment didn't - no one else from his unit
came.
1064
01:48:17,206 --> 01:48:23,441
This woman, a doctor, found her former
patient. She saved his life.
1065
01:48:23,526 --> 01:48:26,962
They reminisce and reconstruct the past
events,
1066
01:48:27,046 --> 01:48:31,836
and the girl, who never saw war, listens to
them attentively.
1067
01:48:31,926 --> 01:48:37,603
This man found his fellow soldiers as well.
1068
01:48:39,166 --> 01:48:42,556
It might be the happiest day of his life.
1069
01:48:50,566 --> 01:48:57,916
Still, a lot of things had to be done and a
long road to be traveled to reach the final
destination.
1070
01:48:58,006 --> 01:49:10,316
They still had to fight their way to Kiev,
then to Warsaw, liberate Romania,
Hungary, Bulgaria and Poland,
1071
01:49:10,406 --> 01:49:19,838
enter Germany, reach Berlin and...die, die,
die along the way.
1072
01:49:28,486 --> 01:49:35,995
"Total war or capitulation," Goebbels says.
"I ask you: do you want capitulation?"
(Shouts: "Never! Never! ").
1073
01:49:36,966 --> 01:49:40,163
"I ask you: do you want total war? "
1074
01:49:40,206 --> 01:49:46,156
"Yes, we do!" "Long live total war!"
1075
01:50:06,726 --> 01:50:09,001
Total war.
1076
01:50:11,566 --> 01:50:17,323
Everything that you have seen so far is not
total war.
1077
01:50:18,806 --> 01:50:21,718
This is the real face of total war.
1078
01:50:24,286 --> 01:50:29,963
This woman, these two children shot at
point-blank range.
1079
01:50:31,086 --> 01:50:33,441
Shot at point-blank range with a pistol.
1080
01:50:34,446 --> 01:50:36,914
Imagine, at point-blank range...
1081
01:50:38,886 --> 01:50:45,075
How many murderers had to be raised to
shoot at point-blank range,
1082
01:50:45,166 --> 01:50:57,920
to gas, to burn alive or gun down with
machine guns millions and millions of
women and children?
1083
01:50:59,846 --> 01:51:04,522
How many cold-blooded executioners were
necessary
1084
01:51:04,606 --> 01:51:10,238
to raze to the ground everything that
mankind had created in the course of many
centuries?
1085
01:51:13,926 --> 01:51:17,396
The call to total war did not help them
though. It simply couldn't.
1086
01:51:17,486 --> 01:51:21,399
This is the Moscow horse-race track. It is
summer 1944.
1087
01:51:21,486 --> 01:51:23,363
These are German prisoners of war.
1088
01:51:23,446 --> 01:51:29,362
These are people who were supposed to
carry out the order issued by Hitler in July:
1089
01:51:29,446 --> 01:51:38,275
"The Slavs must become an unlimited source
of slave labor in the spirit of Ancient Egypt or
Babylon."
1090
01:51:41,366 --> 01:51:53,836
Now, the Muscovites can have a closer look
at these would-be slave masters, slave
drivers, landowners and governors.
1091
01:51:56,326 --> 01:52:01,764
And this butcher from Eastern Prussia can
have a closer look at Soviet soldiers.
1092
01:52:03,446 --> 01:52:13,879
These are people who decided the
outcome of the most horrible and the
bloodiest confrontation in human history.
1093
01:52:13,966 --> 01:52:17,515
Do they look special though? No, they
don't.
1094
01:52:17,606 --> 01:52:21,918
You don't even see orders on their chests,
only soldiers' medals, if that.
1095
01:52:25,126 --> 01:52:31,964
Hitler promised once: "In ten years, the
Berliners would not recognize their city."
1096
01:52:33,086 --> 01:52:37,284
True, the look of German cities has
drastically changed.
1097
01:52:39,566 --> 01:52:44,594
Yet, the habits remained the same:
swastikas, posters.
1098
01:52:44,686 --> 01:52:48,599
"Our walls are broken, but our hearts are
not!"
1099
01:53:03,166 --> 01:53:06,556
Goebbels keeps talking about total war,
though.
1100
01:53:06,646 --> 01:53:13,199
A similar speech and similar people, but
there is a new expression on their faces.
1101
01:53:13,286 --> 01:53:17,837
Look closely - they are thinking.
1102
01:53:20,286 --> 01:53:24,643
I doubt that they are even hearing
Goebbels'words.
1103
01:53:28,366 --> 01:53:30,960
They are thinking.
1104
01:53:35,486 --> 01:53:42,995
Alas, habits die hard. "Sieg! Heil!"and the
same oath.
1105
01:53:50,406 --> 01:53:54,240
The oath is the same, although the people
have changed.
1106
01:53:57,886 --> 01:54:00,275
They are thinking now.
1107
01:54:09,486 --> 01:54:21,284
Drums keep beating, and Goebbels reviews
the ranks trying to pick out those who are
still capable to fight to prolong his
existence even if for a few more minutes.
1108
01:54:21,366 --> 01:54:26,520
Children, women, elderly people - they
were all thrown in the heat of battle.
1109
01:54:26,606 --> 01:54:29,962
Here, they are taught to fire a panzerfaust.
1110
01:54:33,846 --> 01:54:35,518
It really is a piece of cake, Fraulein.
1111
01:54:35,606 --> 01:54:40,885
All you have to do is to level your aim a bit,
squeeze the trigger and... boom! ...it's
done.
1112
01:54:41,846 --> 01:54:48,194
The last filming of Hitler. He is also
reviewing the ranks, choosing whom to
send in the line of fire.
1113
01:54:48,286 --> 01:54:54,202
Perhaps this boy, and certainly that one.
1114
01:54:55,526 --> 01:55:00,919
Too late, the war has swept over Berlin.
1115
01:55:03,246 --> 01:55:10,960
The last minutes of the Third Reich are
elapsing; but in these last minutes people
are still dying...
1116
01:55:17,806 --> 01:55:20,240
It is finally over!
1117
01:55:38,326 --> 01:55:44,242
The last chapter, unfinished...
1118
01:55:45,446 --> 01:55:49,803
New patches of grass appear; new babies
are born.
1119
01:55:49,886 --> 01:55:54,164
Schoolchildren walk past places where
ruins of buildings used to be.
1120
01:55:54,246 --> 01:55:58,478
This is the German Democratic Republic.
This is Berlin.
1121
01:55:58,566 --> 01:56:03,321
These two girls simply do not want to go to
school.
1122
01:56:03,406 --> 01:56:09,641
They would rather circle every tree on the
way, no matter how many of them there
are.
1123
01:56:14,406 --> 01:56:19,161
Here is another tree they can circle around.
1124
01:56:22,526 --> 01:56:28,396
And there goes a boy. Well, that's more
interesting. Definitely worth stopping.
1125
01:56:29,726 --> 01:56:38,475
What do they know about fascism? And
these older girls? What do they know
about war?
1126
01:56:38,566 --> 01:56:43,082
Unless they learned from the stories told
by their parents.
1127
01:56:46,726 --> 01:56:52,198
What do these young Parisians know about
war and fascism?
1128
01:56:58,166 --> 01:57:07,165
They just want to dance, to dance and to
fall in love.
1129
01:57:07,246 --> 01:57:15,278
After all, they are entitled to do so, these
young people. Just look at this pretty girl.
1130
01:57:15,366 --> 01:57:17,834
Do you know, by the way, who this couple
is singing at this little restaurant?
1131
01:57:17,926 --> 01:57:21,714
Hitler's niece and Mussolini's son-in-law.
1132
01:57:21,806 --> 01:57:24,274
The times have changed, indeed.
1133
01:57:24,326 --> 01:57:31,198
Everything is evolving; everything is
moving forward; everything is changing.
1134
01:57:31,286 --> 01:57:35,325
People invent new sports...
1135
01:57:45,966 --> 01:57:49,720
And new art forms...
1136
01:58:05,486 --> 01:58:08,683
Well, it is rather nice.
1137
01:58:08,766 --> 01:58:17,162
It has been put on display and immediately
attracted attention of experts, especially
the hole.
1138
01:58:18,726 --> 01:58:20,637
Purchased.
1139
01:58:20,726 --> 01:58:23,445
This thing has probably been purchased as
well.
1140
01:58:23,526 --> 01:58:26,757
It is called a monokini.
1141
01:58:31,446 --> 01:58:34,995
And this is a perfect male contest.
1142
01:58:35,086 --> 01:58:38,601
It is called "Mr. Germany."
1143
01:58:38,686 --> 01:58:45,683
To be more precise, it is rather a "Mr. West
Germany" competition because there is
another Germany.
1144
01:58:45,766 --> 01:58:49,236
He does look perfect though.
1145
01:58:51,846 --> 01:58:58,160
Where there is Mr. West Germany, there
certainly is Miss West Germany.
1146
01:58:58,246 --> 01:59:03,843
A"Miss West Germany"contest.
1147
01:59:23,726 --> 01:59:32,634
People want to love, to give birth to
children - girls and boys.
1148
01:59:34,046 --> 01:59:38,198
Yet boys might turn into somebody like
this.
1149
01:59:40,246 --> 01:59:45,479
US Marines training camp, the United
States of America.
1150
01:59:58,286 --> 02:00:02,359
They are trying to turn people into animals
again.
1151
02:00:03,006 --> 02:00:06,362
And apparently they are succeeding.
1152
02:00:19,526 --> 02:00:25,158
This is not America any more, it is West
Germany, NATO maneuvers.
1153
02:00:27,886 --> 02:00:32,801
Sometimes it seems as if this book has
been taken out of its sarcophagus...
1154
02:00:32,886 --> 02:00:40,122
...and thousands of"living dead"wearing
Nazi decorations crawled out of their
graves.
1155
02:00:40,206 --> 02:00:46,042
These former SS soldiers, for instance,
these"nice guys."
1156
02:00:46,966 --> 02:00:54,156
Although West Berlin's Governing Mayor
Willy Brandt announces that people must
stop talking about fascism.
1157
02:00:54,246 --> 02:01:00,242
He claims that 20 years have past and their
patience has been exhausted.
1158
02:01:00,326 --> 02:01:06,322
It is time to stop dwelling in the past.
Nazism does not exist anymore!
1159
02:01:06,406 --> 02:01:09,523
Maybe he is right. You see, they applaud
him.
1160
02:01:09,606 --> 02:01:16,682
Then why are these drums beating and
what is this parade,
1161
02:01:16,766 --> 02:01:21,157
so similar to those that we have already
seen in this documentary for?
1162
02:01:21,246 --> 02:01:29,517
I believe the tumor has been removed,
although the cancer cells have remained,
and not in West Germany alone.
1163
02:01:29,606 --> 02:01:35,158
Here is Mr. Mosley in Great Britain again.
Of course, he got older and bolder.
1164
02:01:35,246 --> 02:01:38,283
He looks worn out and shows fewer teeth.
1165
02:01:38,366 --> 02:01:44,805
Yet he is still addressing the public. A
group of young people applauds him,
which means a new generation of his
supporters has appeared.
1166
02:01:44,886 --> 02:01:49,676
The police are getting ready to protect him
because he is going to come out of the
building in a moment.
1167
02:01:49,766 --> 02:01:54,760
There he walks. Wait a second! Ah, there.
They beat him up.
1168
02:01:54,846 --> 02:02:03,561
I have to admit, there is a noble touch to
immutable British customs. Look at this
temper!
1169
02:02:03,646 --> 02:02:07,002
And this is what you call famous British
self-restraint?
1170
02:02:07,086 --> 02:02:12,877
Just look at this lady in the right corner, the
one who's carrying a purse.
1171
02:02:12,966 --> 02:02:17,437
Or at this policeman who shows quite a bit
of zeal.
1172
02:02:17,526 --> 02:02:23,601
True, Mr. Mosley has to speak from a
shelter so that nobody can pummel his
face.
1173
02:02:23,686 --> 02:02:28,885
On the other hand, he can smile now. The
injured are tossed on the pavement, away
from the action.
1174
02:02:28,966 --> 02:02:32,242
If they can do it in England, why can't they
do it in West Germany?
1175
02:02:32,326 --> 02:02:40,358
Why can't they desecrate a Jewish
cemetery, or leave these inscriptions and
SS symbols on the graves,
1176
02:02:40,446 --> 02:02:42,516
and write something like "not enough of
you are dead?"
1177
02:02:42,606 --> 02:02:47,839
It is written here, "You think Hitler is dead?
We think not."
1178
02:02:47,926 --> 02:02:52,442
As you can see, this inscription, these
symbols, they all contradict Willy Brandt,
1179
02:02:52,526 --> 02:03:00,160
as well as this revenge-seeker, who shows
us his tongue, or his Scandinavian
associate.
1180
02:03:00,246 --> 02:03:06,845
Or this youngster with swastika. This is Lew
Rockwell, the leader of American fascists.
1181
02:03:06,926 --> 02:03:11,477
And here is the fuehrer of Swedish fascists.
1182
02:03:11,566 --> 02:03:19,359
American, Chilean, French, Portuguese
swastikas. How many of those are out
there?
1183
02:03:19,446 --> 02:03:25,362
They certainly look different, but their
essence is the same.
1184
02:03:27,126 --> 02:03:36,319
Maybe they think the world has not
changed and another Munich, another
march to the East is still possible?
1185
02:03:38,286 --> 02:03:42,757
These swastikas are floating in front of the
White House in Washington.
1186
02:03:42,846 --> 02:03:51,163
The placards say, "Free Rudolf Hess!"That
same Rudolf Hess. He is still alive, serving a
prison sentence.
1187
02:03:54,046 --> 02:04:00,679
West German monopolies are doing pretty
well and their owners are quite
prosperous, too.
1188
02:04:00,766 --> 02:04:17,798
Look at these smug, arrogant and sleek
aristocrats. Notice the way they stare at
the cameras, all these Thiessens and Flicks.
1189
02:04:22,686 --> 02:04:25,439
No doubt, they are doing just fine.
1190
02:04:25,526 --> 02:04:29,314
What you see is a high-society ball in West
Germany.
1191
02:04:29,566 --> 02:04:38,201
Of course, it's too "lowbrow"for Krupp,
Thiessen, Flick and similar moguls.
1192
02:04:38,286 --> 02:04:43,883
They never liked posing for pictures. They
hate to do it now.
1193
02:04:44,046 --> 02:04:46,241
They like to stay in the shadows.
1194
02:04:46,326 --> 02:04:49,284
Nevertheless, there is creme de la creme of
West German society in front of you.
1195
02:04:49,366 --> 02:04:56,397
Ministers, famous actors, industrial
magnates, businessmen. Anything is at
their service.
1196
02:04:56,486 --> 02:04:58,761
Girls directly from Paris, for instance.
1197
02:04:58,846 --> 02:05:05,194
While the girls are dancing though, let us
recalculate the profits brought by war to
Thiessen, Krupp and the bunch.
1198
02:05:05,286 --> 02:05:14,558
One hundred marks from every victim,
regardless of nationality - Russians,
French, Americans or even Germans.
1199
02:05:14,646 --> 02:05:20,881
If they decide, for whatever reason, to
write a new letter to another Hindenburg,
1200
02:05:20,966 --> 02:05:26,962
it will be signed by 20 billion marks rather
than two billion.
1201
02:05:27,646 --> 02:05:33,881
Add to it the Marines... Well, this prospect
is definitely worth pondering.
1202
02:05:34,406 --> 02:05:37,557
Let's look at the dolphins for a change.
1203
02:05:37,766 --> 02:05:44,285
Recently, scientists found out that the
dolphin's brain is as complex and large as
the human brain.
1204
02:05:44,366 --> 02:05:47,961
I heard that they even use their own
language for communication.
1205
02:05:48,046 --> 02:05:54,918
In any case, they are very intelligent and
good-natured, kinder than many people
are.
1206
02:05:55,006 --> 02:06:00,524
There are suggestions though to use
dolphins for military purposes, as radar
devices or something like that.
1207
02:06:00,606 --> 02:06:07,842
For now, they are simply tugging little
boats, and generals, apparently, can still
manage without them.
1208
02:06:09,926 --> 02:06:16,445
Hitler did not possess such weapons. Thank
God, he didn't.
1209
02:06:16,526 --> 02:06:20,041
If he had something like that...
1210
02:06:20,126 --> 02:06:26,474
If he had something like that, do you think
he would have hesitated even a second?
1211
02:06:26,566 --> 02:06:30,639
Even Truman ultimately found resolve to
use it.
1212
02:06:34,326 --> 02:06:42,244
As to mankind... I don't know.
1213
02:06:45,766 --> 02:06:50,794
Maybe that's what would have been left
from humanity...
1214
02:07:04,686 --> 02:07:09,316
Anyway, the military can do without
dolphins for the time being.
1215
02:07:09,406 --> 02:07:14,764
Generals certainly have plenty of toys and
money to play with.
1216
02:07:17,286 --> 02:07:24,158
Nevertheless, I still believe that human
beings are intelligent because when they
are born they are all wonderful.
1217
02:07:24,246 --> 02:07:26,760
There are no bad children.
1218
02:07:26,846 --> 02:07:30,725
All kids in the world are good.
1219
02:07:30,806 --> 02:07:38,884
Everything depends on how we will shape
their characters, what we will turn them
into.
1220
02:07:55,726 --> 02:08:01,164
"Once upon a time there lived an old man
and his wife.
1221
02:08:01,246 --> 02:08:04,397
They had a little Speckled Hen.
1222
02:08:04,486 --> 02:08:14,885
One day the hen laid an egg; and it was not a
simple egg but a golden one.
1223
02:08:16,006 --> 02:08:22,275
The old man tried to break it and couldn't.
His wife tried to break it and couldn't.
1224
02:08:22,366 --> 02:08:30,717
They kept trying to break it but to no avail. A
mouse ran by and wagged her little tail; the
egg rolled, fell down and broke.
1225
02:08:30,806 --> 02:08:38,121
The old man is crying, and his wife is crying,
but the hen is clucking,
1226
02:08:38,206 --> 02:08:43,917
"Don't you cry old man, don't you cry old
woman,
1227
02:08:44,006 --> 02:08:52,198
I will lay a new egg, this time not a golden
but a simple one."
1228
02:09:09,646 --> 02:09:15,198
Film Credits: Screenplay: M. Romm, M.
Turovskaya, Y. Khanyutin.
1229
02:09:15,286 --> 02:09:21,156
Director and producer: Mikhail Romm.
Director of photography: G. Lavrov.
Executive director: L. Indenbom.
1230
02:09:21,246 --> 02:09:26,445
Music by: A. Karamanov. Sound by: S.
Minevrin, V.Vengerovsky.
1231
02:09:26,526 --> 02:09:33,921
Conductor: E. Khachaturyan. Narrator: M.
Romm. Interns: H. Stoichev, S. Kulish.
1232
02:09:34,006 --> 02:09:38,955
Camera: V. Zhanov, V. Pluzhnikov. Film
editor: V. Kulagina.
1233
02:09:39,046 --> 02:09:43,881
Assistant directors: S. Linkov, K. Osin.
Assistant cameraman - Y.Avdeev. Assistant
film editor: T. Ivanova.
1234
02:09:43,966 --> 02:09:50,678
Photo design: B. Baldin. Consultant: Ernst
Henry. Editor: I. Tsyzin.
1235
02:09:50,766 --> 02:09:56,636
Production manager: Y. Rogozovsky.
1236
02:09:57,486 --> 02:10:00,762
The End.
121502
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