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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:37,163 --> 00:00:38,956 In the far north, 2 00:00:40,124 --> 00:00:43,044 after three dark months of winter, 3 00:00:49,050 --> 00:00:51,636 a world is waiting 4 00:00:55,223 --> 00:00:56,974 for a trigger. 5 00:00:59,477 --> 00:01:02,146 The sunshine of spring. 6 00:01:14,492 --> 00:01:18,079 Starfish are the first to respond. 7 00:01:30,007 --> 00:01:32,176 They race for the highest point, 8 00:01:36,013 --> 00:01:38,182 and, sensing changes in the water, 9 00:01:38,599 --> 00:01:40,935 with the tips of their tube feet, 10 00:01:43,521 --> 00:01:44,855 they spawn. 11 00:02:00,871 --> 00:02:02,581 Sea cucumbers, 12 00:02:02,790 --> 00:02:05,042 with only their mouths exposed, 13 00:02:05,876 --> 00:02:07,545 now emerge. 14 00:02:18,222 --> 00:02:21,892 They collect as many starfish eggs as they can. 15 00:02:36,490 --> 00:02:40,411 Which is quite a lot when you've got ten arms. 16 00:02:52,089 --> 00:02:53,799 Now sea pens 17 00:02:53,924 --> 00:02:55,968 rise up to claim a share. 18 00:03:06,812 --> 00:03:08,105 The creatures here 19 00:03:08,189 --> 00:03:11,776 must grab what they can of this annual banquet. 20 00:03:16,614 --> 00:03:19,116 For the light has also set in motion, 21 00:03:19,200 --> 00:03:22,620 the greatest transformation of all. 22 00:03:26,207 --> 00:03:27,625 Fronds of kelp, 23 00:03:27,792 --> 00:03:30,795 a marine alga, rise towards the surface, 24 00:03:31,045 --> 00:03:33,506 lifted by their gas-filled bladders. 25 00:03:46,811 --> 00:03:50,648 Soon, a marine forest has materialised. 26 00:03:54,985 --> 00:03:58,030 Teeming with life of all kinds, 27 00:04:03,077 --> 00:04:05,371 these green seas 28 00:04:05,496 --> 00:04:09,750 are some of the most productive but fiercely competitive waters 29 00:04:09,917 --> 00:04:11,544 in all the oceans. 30 00:04:30,521 --> 00:04:32,857 The southern tip of Africa. 31 00:04:35,776 --> 00:04:39,238 Here two great oceans collide. 32 00:04:50,458 --> 00:04:51,876 In the shallows, 33 00:04:52,585 --> 00:04:54,378 fed by rich currents, 34 00:04:55,546 --> 00:04:58,466 are bountiful forests of kelp. 35 00:05:12,229 --> 00:05:15,691 Barely visible, except for the pulsating siphons 36 00:05:15,774 --> 00:05:17,067 through which it breathes, 37 00:05:18,319 --> 00:05:22,281 a common octopus waiting for prey to pass by. 38 00:05:27,578 --> 00:05:29,121 A crab will do. 39 00:05:36,962 --> 00:05:39,340 The octopus sets off in pursuit. 40 00:06:12,540 --> 00:06:14,291 And then lurks 41 00:06:15,793 --> 00:06:18,212 with the patience of an ambush hunter. 42 00:06:44,989 --> 00:06:48,075 But the octopus shares the Cape waters 43 00:06:48,325 --> 00:06:51,412 with a great concentration of other predators. 44 00:06:59,420 --> 00:07:00,754 Fur seals, 45 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:04,008 and sharks. 46 00:07:08,512 --> 00:07:10,055 They all eat octopus, 47 00:07:11,849 --> 00:07:13,058 if they can find one. 48 00:07:22,776 --> 00:07:25,237 And Pyjama Sharks are experts 49 00:07:27,906 --> 00:07:29,908 at hunting in the undergrowth. 50 00:07:39,084 --> 00:07:41,712 Time to disappear. 51 00:07:48,052 --> 00:07:50,346 But these tough-skinned little sharks 52 00:07:50,429 --> 00:07:54,058 are small enough to reach deep into crevices. 53 00:08:14,411 --> 00:08:16,997 But the octopus is far from finished. 54 00:08:20,626 --> 00:08:24,171 She slips her tentacles into the shark's gills. 55 00:08:25,589 --> 00:08:28,175 That prevents the shark from breathing. 56 00:08:32,471 --> 00:08:34,973 So the shark has to let go. 57 00:08:47,111 --> 00:08:50,447 When caught out in the open and vulnerable, 58 00:08:50,614 --> 00:08:54,660 this octopus does something truly extraordinary, 59 00:08:55,994 --> 00:08:58,372 and never recorded before. 60 00:09:09,550 --> 00:09:11,510 She disguises herself 61 00:09:14,513 --> 00:09:17,141 with a protective armour of shells. 62 00:09:22,479 --> 00:09:23,731 She's hiding 63 00:09:24,690 --> 00:09:26,483 in plain sight. 64 00:09:37,703 --> 00:09:39,997 The shark can sense its prey. 65 00:09:54,762 --> 00:09:56,430 But the shells confuse it. 66 00:10:04,062 --> 00:10:06,857 In a forest full of hungry mouths, 67 00:10:07,858 --> 00:10:11,695 superior wits allow this octopus to stay alive. 68 00:10:23,874 --> 00:10:25,709 Forests of kelp 69 00:10:25,918 --> 00:10:29,588 flourish in seasonal waters around the globe, 70 00:10:33,467 --> 00:10:37,262 particularly along the Pacific Coast of North America. 71 00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:48,482 Here, the biggest kelps of all 72 00:10:48,607 --> 00:10:50,734 grow in vast forests, 73 00:10:51,443 --> 00:10:53,904 stretching for hundreds of miles. 74 00:10:59,326 --> 00:11:00,744 In some places, 75 00:11:00,911 --> 00:11:05,123 the giant fronds rise up to 60 metres tall. 76 00:11:11,839 --> 00:11:13,674 The thickets they create 77 00:11:13,924 --> 00:11:15,592 are crowded with life. 78 00:11:24,268 --> 00:11:27,938 Competition here for space and food 79 00:11:28,021 --> 00:11:29,481 is intense. 80 00:11:43,453 --> 00:11:45,038 A challenging problem 81 00:11:45,455 --> 00:11:47,624 for the Garibaldi fish. 82 00:11:54,506 --> 00:11:57,301 He tends to his patch of seaweed 83 00:11:57,551 --> 00:12:00,178 filled with tiny creatures that he eats. 84 00:12:10,063 --> 00:12:11,857 As with most farmers, 85 00:12:12,232 --> 00:12:14,151 his work never ends. 86 00:12:19,489 --> 00:12:22,826 He removes snails and any other grazers 87 00:12:23,035 --> 00:12:24,912 that come to eat his algae. 88 00:12:44,264 --> 00:12:46,516 No matter how big they are. 89 00:12:57,361 --> 00:13:01,031 He has to deal with pests of all kinds. 90 00:13:04,368 --> 00:13:06,453 This can be the worst of them. 91 00:13:06,703 --> 00:13:11,917 Sea urchins that can scrape off every vestige of algae from a rock. 92 00:13:13,210 --> 00:13:15,462 Its spines are needle sharp. 93 00:13:18,882 --> 00:13:21,885 Somehow the Garibaldi must remove it. 94 00:13:35,899 --> 00:13:38,568 But the problem with sea urchins 95 00:13:44,074 --> 00:13:46,493 is that they just keep coming. 96 00:14:02,634 --> 00:14:05,679 When evening arrives and the light fades, 97 00:14:05,804 --> 00:14:09,599 he has to stop. He not only needs a rest, 98 00:14:09,683 --> 00:14:11,601 he needs to hide. 99 00:14:16,356 --> 00:14:18,025 Because at night, 100 00:14:18,275 --> 00:14:21,278 predators prowl through these forests. 101 00:14:25,949 --> 00:14:27,492 A Torpedo Ray, 102 00:14:27,659 --> 00:14:32,622 capable of stunning its victim with 45 volts of electricity. 103 00:14:45,135 --> 00:14:47,304 While the Garibaldi hides, 104 00:14:48,805 --> 00:14:51,975 the urchins can feed without interruption. 105 00:15:01,568 --> 00:15:03,653 The light returns, 106 00:15:08,075 --> 00:15:11,036 and he finds his farm is once again 107 00:15:11,161 --> 00:15:12,496 under attack. 108 00:15:28,929 --> 00:15:31,223 Urchins like locusts, 109 00:15:31,681 --> 00:15:34,017 have the ability to swarm 110 00:15:41,399 --> 00:15:43,944 and this can be disastrous 111 00:15:44,069 --> 00:15:45,695 not just for the Garibaldi, 112 00:15:45,862 --> 00:15:48,031 but for the kelp forest itself 113 00:16:01,753 --> 00:16:05,048 All the vegetation is now under attack. 114 00:16:35,620 --> 00:16:38,248 The urchins move through the forest 115 00:16:38,415 --> 00:16:40,584 cutting through the kelp fronds 116 00:16:40,750 --> 00:16:44,254 and leaving behind vast barrens. 117 00:16:47,924 --> 00:16:49,467 These urchin armies 118 00:16:49,593 --> 00:16:51,761 have felled many kelp forests 119 00:16:51,928 --> 00:16:54,764 along the Pacific Coast of North America. 120 00:17:02,355 --> 00:17:04,774 But help is at hand. 121 00:17:25,545 --> 00:17:27,339 Sea otters. 122 00:17:32,219 --> 00:17:36,389 All other kinds of otters spend much of their lives on land. 123 00:17:37,307 --> 00:17:40,018 But sea otters rarely leave the water. 124 00:17:43,730 --> 00:17:46,066 At first, a newly born pup 125 00:17:46,149 --> 00:17:48,235 is not a very good swimmer. 126 00:17:48,485 --> 00:17:50,570 So its mother spends hours 127 00:17:50,654 --> 00:17:53,406 grooming its fur to make it buoyant. 128 00:18:00,497 --> 00:18:03,041 But to provide her youngster with milk, 129 00:18:03,166 --> 00:18:04,751 and keep herself warm 130 00:18:04,918 --> 00:18:09,506 she must eat up to 30% of her bodyweight every day. 131 00:18:29,526 --> 00:18:32,862 She does that by eating shellfish. 132 00:18:37,951 --> 00:18:42,914 And urchins are among a sea otter's favourite delicacies. 133 00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:06,813 In the past, sea otters were hunted so intensively for their fur, 134 00:19:06,938 --> 00:19:09,274 that they came close to extinction. 135 00:19:14,487 --> 00:19:15,905 With them gone, 136 00:19:16,156 --> 00:19:19,409 many kelp forests were replaced with 137 00:19:19,576 --> 00:19:21,494 urchin barrens. 138 00:19:31,588 --> 00:19:34,591 Today, sea otters are protected. 139 00:19:37,594 --> 00:19:40,013 And as their numbers slowly return, 140 00:19:40,472 --> 00:19:43,933 many of the kelp forests are recovering too. 141 00:20:00,658 --> 00:20:02,911 Now, in some remote places, 142 00:20:02,994 --> 00:20:04,788 sea otters are so numerous, 143 00:20:04,871 --> 00:20:07,874 they assemble in huge wafts. 144 00:20:13,046 --> 00:20:15,006 Something that hasn't been seen 145 00:20:15,131 --> 00:20:17,050 for over a century. 146 00:21:01,344 --> 00:21:04,389 In the sun drenched shallows off Australia, 147 00:21:05,515 --> 00:21:09,686 kelp is replaced by the sea's only flowering plants, 148 00:21:11,855 --> 00:21:13,356 sea grass. 149 00:21:21,573 --> 00:21:24,909 The most extensive of these marine grasslands 150 00:21:25,535 --> 00:21:29,205 can stretch for over 3,000 square miles. 151 00:21:42,969 --> 00:21:44,596 All across the Tropics, 152 00:21:44,888 --> 00:21:47,724 they're patrolled by tiger sharks. 153 00:21:52,896 --> 00:21:55,899 They can grow up to five metres in length. 154 00:22:02,614 --> 00:22:05,241 And have powerful crushing jaws. 155 00:22:14,334 --> 00:22:17,170 Green turtles are their prey. 156 00:22:22,467 --> 00:22:26,346 The turtles feed almost entirely on sea grass. 157 00:22:28,306 --> 00:22:33,520 A single one can consume up to two kilos of it in a day. 158 00:22:50,954 --> 00:22:52,622 But they can never rest easy. 159 00:23:03,883 --> 00:23:08,638 Healthy turtles will keep well away from an approaching shark. 160 00:23:23,987 --> 00:23:26,823 And just by keeping the turtles on the move, 161 00:23:27,323 --> 00:23:30,410 the sharks prevent any one patch of sea grass 162 00:23:30,577 --> 00:23:32,370 from being overgrazed. 163 00:23:38,334 --> 00:23:41,254 And that has benefits for us all. 164 00:23:50,263 --> 00:23:51,931 A patch of sea grass 165 00:23:52,098 --> 00:23:57,061 can absorb and store 35 times as much carbon dioxide 166 00:23:57,770 --> 00:24:00,773 as the same area of a rainforest. 167 00:24:06,738 --> 00:24:09,115 So the prairies and their sharks 168 00:24:09,282 --> 00:24:11,868 are surprising allies in the fight 169 00:24:11,951 --> 00:24:14,037 against a warming climate. 170 00:24:24,297 --> 00:24:27,091 The struggle to survive in our green seas 171 00:24:27,383 --> 00:24:29,761 can have far reaching consequences. 172 00:24:32,138 --> 00:24:33,222 Once a year, 173 00:24:33,806 --> 00:24:36,392 one particular meadow in Australia, 174 00:24:37,060 --> 00:24:38,603 is transformed. 175 00:24:46,069 --> 00:24:49,572 Around the first full moon of winter, 176 00:24:50,156 --> 00:24:52,283 an army materialises. 177 00:24:55,745 --> 00:24:57,413 Spider crabs. 178 00:25:06,172 --> 00:25:09,676 For the past year they've been feeding in deeper waters. 179 00:25:20,770 --> 00:25:24,524 Now, they march across the sea grass plains. 180 00:25:43,793 --> 00:25:46,462 Hundreds of thousands of them. 181 00:25:55,388 --> 00:25:57,640 They clamber over one another 182 00:26:04,147 --> 00:26:06,482 creating great mounds 183 00:26:12,363 --> 00:26:14,991 nearly a hundred metres long. 184 00:26:18,828 --> 00:26:20,538 They're not seeking mates 185 00:26:20,830 --> 00:26:22,874 neither are they laying eggs. 186 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,002 They have come here in order 187 00:26:26,711 --> 00:26:28,004 to grow. 188 00:26:31,174 --> 00:26:35,178 Like all crabs, their bodies are enclosed in a hard 189 00:26:35,261 --> 00:26:37,013 unexpandable shell. 190 00:26:39,724 --> 00:26:43,019 So to grow, they have to break out of it. 191 00:26:53,696 --> 00:26:58,075 And that allows the soft one that has developed beneath 192 00:26:58,242 --> 00:26:59,535 to expand. 193 00:27:07,919 --> 00:27:11,380 It will take days for the new shell to harden. 194 00:27:24,060 --> 00:27:25,812 Its legs are so limp, 195 00:27:26,062 --> 00:27:27,939 that they won't work properly. 196 00:27:31,901 --> 00:27:33,778 The crab is unprotected 197 00:27:34,237 --> 00:27:35,947 and in great danger. 198 00:27:45,456 --> 00:27:47,917 A smooth stingray. 199 00:27:51,170 --> 00:27:53,840 It's huge, about four metres long. 200 00:27:56,926 --> 00:27:59,846 It wants a soft, freshly moulted crab 201 00:28:00,429 --> 00:28:02,098 that will be easier to eat. 202 00:28:24,704 --> 00:28:26,539 The crabs try to stick together. 203 00:28:35,798 --> 00:28:38,134 But now, disturbed by the ray, 204 00:28:38,342 --> 00:28:39,510 they're scattering. 205 00:28:45,975 --> 00:28:47,560 A newly moulted crab 206 00:28:48,811 --> 00:28:51,355 is too weak to keep up with the crowd. 207 00:29:06,579 --> 00:29:10,416 The safest place is right in the middle of the pile. 208 00:29:11,834 --> 00:29:15,046 That is why they have all assembled here. 209 00:29:24,555 --> 00:29:27,183 There is safety in numbers. 210 00:29:43,366 --> 00:29:46,243 But the vast majority of the crabs escape. 211 00:29:47,536 --> 00:29:49,413 And within the next few days, 212 00:29:49,580 --> 00:29:52,208 they will be ready to return to the depths, 213 00:29:52,375 --> 00:29:54,877 and resume their lonely wanderings 214 00:29:55,044 --> 00:29:56,545 in search of food. 215 00:30:09,475 --> 00:30:11,727 This is no graveyard. 216 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,775 But the triumph of a hundred thousand crabs, 217 00:30:18,734 --> 00:30:20,152 successfully moulted. 218 00:30:46,095 --> 00:30:49,181 The green seas of Southern Australia, 219 00:30:49,348 --> 00:30:53,436 are particularly rich in such spectacular assemblies. 220 00:30:57,440 --> 00:31:02,153 But most of the creatures come together for a very different reason, 221 00:31:04,321 --> 00:31:05,614 to breed. 222 00:31:10,036 --> 00:31:11,704 The giant cuttlefish. 223 00:31:13,164 --> 00:31:15,291 The largest of all cuttlefish. 224 00:31:23,132 --> 00:31:25,968 They live for just one or two years. 225 00:31:32,349 --> 00:31:35,644 Now, as the Australian summer draws to an end, 226 00:31:36,353 --> 00:31:39,148 they have one last act to complete. 227 00:31:43,486 --> 00:31:45,029 To find a mate. 228 00:31:50,326 --> 00:31:53,245 But there are over one hundred thousand males 229 00:31:54,038 --> 00:31:56,624 competing for the arriving females 230 00:31:56,707 --> 00:31:58,167 in this one bay. 231 00:32:04,757 --> 00:32:07,927 Among them, a giant, a true goliath. 232 00:32:08,552 --> 00:32:11,263 He probably weighs about ten kilos. 233 00:32:15,101 --> 00:32:17,895 Bands of colour sweep across his skin. 234 00:32:18,562 --> 00:32:20,689 That's how cuttlefish communicate. 235 00:32:41,377 --> 00:32:45,089 This smaller male couldn't possibly take him on. 236 00:32:55,141 --> 00:32:58,060 Beside Goliath and under his protection, 237 00:32:58,561 --> 00:33:01,230 a female who has just mated with him. 238 00:33:04,775 --> 00:33:08,070 But other rivals are still interested. 239 00:33:11,991 --> 00:33:15,411 It seems a small male wouldn't stand a chance. 240 00:33:17,746 --> 00:33:20,583 The female is now displaying a white stripe 241 00:33:20,666 --> 00:33:23,294 along her side nearest Goliath. 242 00:33:26,672 --> 00:33:30,342 It's a clear signal that she no longer wants to mate with him. 243 00:33:35,931 --> 00:33:39,518 It's all the encouragement that the little male needs. 244 00:34:03,626 --> 00:34:05,961 He's going to have to use trickery. 245 00:34:21,477 --> 00:34:23,812 He tones down his colours, 246 00:34:24,647 --> 00:34:27,191 and tucks in his arms. 247 00:34:29,026 --> 00:34:32,655 He's just the right size to mimic a female. 248 00:34:44,375 --> 00:34:46,669 Goliath is deceived. 249 00:34:49,505 --> 00:34:53,050 The small male now displays a white stripe, 250 00:34:53,175 --> 00:34:54,760 Just like the real female 251 00:34:55,094 --> 00:34:57,012 to deter his advances. 252 00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:05,604 He slips beside her. 253 00:35:08,857 --> 00:35:10,025 And they mate. 254 00:35:21,870 --> 00:35:24,540 By mating with multiple partners, 255 00:35:25,958 --> 00:35:29,712 the female ensures the greatest genetic diversity 256 00:35:30,045 --> 00:35:31,255 for her young. 257 00:35:37,386 --> 00:35:39,388 The sneaky male leaves, 258 00:35:40,806 --> 00:35:42,975 his final act complete. 259 00:35:48,397 --> 00:35:51,900 So even among giant cuttlefish, it seems, 260 00:35:54,570 --> 00:35:57,156 it's not all about size. 261 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:11,503 Other males in these Australian green pastures, 262 00:36:12,254 --> 00:36:15,674 take greater responsibility for their young. 263 00:36:25,184 --> 00:36:27,686 A Weedy Sea Dragon. 264 00:36:34,777 --> 00:36:36,195 This is a male 265 00:36:36,487 --> 00:36:39,281 and he's carrying a precious cargo. 266 00:36:41,617 --> 00:36:43,452 While mating with the female, 267 00:36:43,660 --> 00:36:45,287 he collected the eggs 268 00:36:45,454 --> 00:36:47,623 and attached them to his underside. 269 00:36:54,213 --> 00:36:57,466 Now, he's leaving the seaweed thickets 270 00:37:00,344 --> 00:37:02,971 and travelling into more open waters 271 00:37:03,138 --> 00:37:06,058 where elaborate camouflage is less effective. 272 00:37:15,067 --> 00:37:17,653 And there are many predators out here. 273 00:37:40,676 --> 00:37:44,513 And this is what the fathers risk their lives for. 274 00:37:53,522 --> 00:37:56,525 Dense clouds of minute shrimp. 275 00:38:00,779 --> 00:38:02,197 Mysids. 276 00:38:03,699 --> 00:38:06,577 One of a sea dragon's favourite foods. 277 00:38:17,629 --> 00:38:20,382 They're drawing other sea dragons out here too. 278 00:38:44,740 --> 00:38:48,619 Finally, it's time for the young to break free. 279 00:38:49,912 --> 00:38:53,665 But algae has grown over these developing eggs. 280 00:38:55,459 --> 00:38:57,586 And it risks smothering them. 281 00:39:02,633 --> 00:39:05,636 Nonetheless, the babies are emerging. 282 00:39:16,939 --> 00:39:19,024 They've hatched successfully. 283 00:39:30,827 --> 00:39:33,830 The fathers return to the tangle of kelp 284 00:39:34,164 --> 00:39:36,208 where they're virtually invisible. 285 00:39:42,798 --> 00:39:45,300 While the young remain out here. 286 00:39:49,638 --> 00:39:51,515 But they will grow quickly, 287 00:39:52,808 --> 00:39:55,811 surrounded as they are by their ideal food. 288 00:40:06,822 --> 00:40:09,700 Vast numbers of the ocean's young fish, 289 00:40:10,158 --> 00:40:13,161 start their lives in the green seas. 290 00:40:19,334 --> 00:40:24,756 One of the richest nurseries of all, are the mangrove forests. 291 00:40:30,012 --> 00:40:32,514 Fringing the coastline of the Tropics, 292 00:40:33,348 --> 00:40:37,394 they form a natural protective barrier between land and sea, 293 00:40:39,521 --> 00:40:42,899 and are some of the world's most productive forests. 294 00:40:56,705 --> 00:41:00,042 Below the water, their arching aerial roots 295 00:41:00,125 --> 00:41:01,752 give them a firm footing. 296 00:41:13,639 --> 00:41:16,892 Here there's abundant food for baby fish. 297 00:41:22,397 --> 00:41:25,984 While the tangled roots protect them from bigger fish, 298 00:41:26,234 --> 00:41:29,404 and other predators that haunt the channels. 299 00:42:01,978 --> 00:42:03,855 But in Northern Australia 300 00:42:05,107 --> 00:42:07,192 with the receding tide, 301 00:42:09,027 --> 00:42:13,156 the little fish are forced to leave their shelter. 302 00:42:18,620 --> 00:42:20,997 And now, they're vulnerable. 303 00:43:08,170 --> 00:43:12,215 It's the most deadly assassin in the green seas. 304 00:43:20,515 --> 00:43:22,851 The Zebra Mantis Shrimp. 305 00:43:23,852 --> 00:43:26,938 A male, almost 40 centimetres long. 306 00:43:45,207 --> 00:43:47,959 But he's not hunting just for himself 307 00:43:53,882 --> 00:43:56,885 He's collecting food for his mate. 308 00:43:58,804 --> 00:44:02,557 She may have been his partner for 20 years. 309 00:44:10,899 --> 00:44:13,819 She relies on him to bring her food. 310 00:44:16,571 --> 00:44:20,158 And puts her energy into her eggs instead. 311 00:44:25,163 --> 00:44:27,249 In a world so full of food, 312 00:44:27,415 --> 00:44:29,835 this would seem a sensible strategy. 313 00:44:38,134 --> 00:44:40,262 But it's also a risky one. 314 00:45:07,038 --> 00:45:10,834 Were her male to disappear, she could starve. 315 00:45:19,509 --> 00:45:22,637 Something has caught this male's attention. 316 00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:28,143 Perhaps an irresistible odour 317 00:45:29,811 --> 00:45:31,521 or a distant call. 318 00:45:34,816 --> 00:45:38,987 Whatever the reason, a male will leave his burrow 319 00:45:40,030 --> 00:45:42,157 and his lifelong mate. 320 00:45:51,333 --> 00:45:53,251 An even larger hole. 321 00:46:06,056 --> 00:46:08,433 Females who have lost their mates 322 00:46:08,600 --> 00:46:11,102 appear to send out distress signals 323 00:46:11,269 --> 00:46:13,605 to call in a new male. 324 00:46:19,694 --> 00:46:22,364 A larger female will produce more eggs. 325 00:46:22,697 --> 00:46:24,532 So by mating with her, 326 00:46:25,200 --> 00:46:27,369 he will father more offspring. 327 00:46:33,041 --> 00:46:36,378 But infidelity comes at a price. 328 00:46:40,215 --> 00:46:43,969 A larger partner demands more food. 329 00:46:59,234 --> 00:47:02,821 The richer a sea, the greater the competition. 330 00:47:04,239 --> 00:47:06,491 And there is one green sea 331 00:47:06,741 --> 00:47:10,745 that supports more life than all the rest combined. 332 00:47:13,915 --> 00:47:17,252 Unlike the mangrove forests and the sea grass prairies, 333 00:47:17,460 --> 00:47:20,422 its location is in the open seas, 334 00:47:20,588 --> 00:47:23,758 and only temporary and unpredictable. 335 00:47:29,014 --> 00:47:32,767 This greenness comes not from rooted plants, 336 00:47:35,770 --> 00:47:38,273 but from clouds of floating ones. 337 00:47:48,700 --> 00:47:51,828 Billions of microscopic phytoplankton 338 00:47:52,287 --> 00:47:53,788 are proliferating. 339 00:47:59,711 --> 00:48:01,379 And in such numbers, 340 00:48:01,504 --> 00:48:05,967 that they fuel one of the greatest feasts of all. 341 00:48:15,143 --> 00:48:17,353 Off America's Pacific Coast, 342 00:48:18,354 --> 00:48:22,942 hundreds of common dolphins are rushing to a banquet. 343 00:48:32,994 --> 00:48:35,163 They're not the only ones homing in. 344 00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:40,418 So are sea lions. 345 00:48:46,257 --> 00:48:49,677 They're heading for Monterey Bay, California, 346 00:48:51,054 --> 00:48:54,766 where algal blooms have caused an explosion, 347 00:48:55,725 --> 00:48:57,685 in plankton feeders. 348 00:49:00,563 --> 00:49:01,856 Anchovies, 349 00:49:02,565 --> 00:49:03,942 millions of them. 350 00:49:11,116 --> 00:49:14,244 The dolphins herd the anchovies towards the surface. 351 00:49:18,039 --> 00:49:22,544 Sea birds and sea lions take advantage of the shoals appearance. 352 00:49:27,882 --> 00:49:30,969 It's a race to grab a share before others arrive. 353 00:49:51,781 --> 00:49:53,116 Hump Back Whales, 354 00:49:55,577 --> 00:49:56,911 hundreds of them. 355 00:50:07,589 --> 00:50:13,428 With every upward lunge, they sieve out up to a 100 kilos offish. 356 00:50:31,196 --> 00:50:36,451 They're claiming the biggest share of one of the biggest feasts on earth. 357 00:51:07,482 --> 00:51:09,984 So crucial are these tiny plankton, 358 00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:14,489 that almost all marine life ultimately depends upon them. 359 00:51:25,667 --> 00:51:29,379 It's the green seas, not the blue 360 00:51:31,005 --> 00:51:33,841 that are the basis of almost all life 361 00:51:34,342 --> 00:51:36,386 in the world's oceans. 362 00:52:13,548 --> 00:52:16,009 Next time on Blue Planet II, 363 00:52:16,092 --> 00:52:20,096 we meet the creatures that live where two worlds collide. 364 00:52:22,724 --> 00:52:28,146 And discover how they cope with the demands of the ever-changing coasts. 26565

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